IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


La  12.8 


12.2 
2.0 


1^  mil  1.4 


I 

m 


h" 


^9% 


'/A 


V. 


V 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WE5T  MAiN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  145S0 

(716)872-4503 


'^.V^ 


'^ 


"  ^,li^i**;ii«. 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  IHistorical  IVIicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  lias  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
v^hich  way  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 


□ 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  coulaur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  peliicul6e 


I      I    Cover  ti*le  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manqi*a 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couieur 


Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bieue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couieur 

Sound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  Mure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  ter.t.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
11  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6x6  fiim^es. 


L'Institut  a  microfiimi  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  d6tails 
de  cat  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reprodulte,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mtthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couieur 

□   Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restauries  et/ou  pellicul6es 

r~T|   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 


n 


Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quaiitd  in6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 


r~|  Pages  detached/ 

r~Tl  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I     1  Includes  supplementary  material/ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponibie 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiallement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuiilet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc..  ont  6i6  fiim6es  i  nouveau  de  fafon  d 
obtonir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Additional  commonts:/ 
Commentaires  suppi^ment^ires; 


Pagination  continued  from  Vol.l. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  rdductiort  :r:diqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

7 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


Th«  copy  filmttd  h«r«  has  bMn  rsproducad  thanks 
to  the  ganarosity  of: 

Library. 
Department  of  rithariat  and  OMant 

Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  tpacificatlons. 


L'axamplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grica  A  la 
g4n4rositA  da: 

Biblioth^ua. 
Minlstira  det  ptelias  at  octens 

Las  imagas  suivantes  ont  At6  reprodultas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  l'axamplaira  fiimi,  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  fllmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  nppropriata.  All 
othar  original  copica  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illuatratad  impraa- 
slon,  and  anding  on  tha  laat  paga  with  a  printed 
or  illuatratad  imprasslon. 


Tha  laat  racordad  frama  on  aach  microficha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  >^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  appliaa. 

Maps,  platas.  charts,  dtc,  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  raduction  ratios.  Thosa  too  'srgs  to  ba 
antiraly  includad  in  ona  axposura  an  filmad 
baginning  in  tha  uppar  laft  hand  cornar.  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  mafiy  framas  as 
raquirad.  Tha  followinti  diagrams  illustrata  tha 
mathod: 


Las  axampiairas  originaux  dont  la  couvarture  en 
papiar  ast  imprimia  sont  fiimte  an  commenyjnt 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darniAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  emprainte 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas  Tous  las  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  an  commandant  par  ta 
pramiAre  pa^a  qui  comporta  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  at  en  terminant  par 
la  darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
darniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — »-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  dtre 
fiim^s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  Ic  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film^  d  partir 
da  I'angle  supirieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithoda. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

I'N 


A    l)K.S( 
'I 


)S 


<y^^^ 


SMITHSONIAN     INSTITUTION. 

IJMI'KI)  S'l'ATKS  NATIONAL  MIISKIIM. 


/   ? 


BULL  171  IN 


OK    TIIK 


LMTKl)   STATES   NATIONAL  INIUSEUai. 


JSTo.  4:7. 


THE  FISIIE 


OK 


NORTH   AND   MIDDLE   AMERICA: 


A    DKSCUIPTIVK   CATALOGUK   OK   THR   SI'ECIRS  OK   FISU-I.IKK   VKItTKHUATKS  KOUND   IN 
TlliC   WATKUS   OF   NOKTH    AMKIUCA,  NOUTII   OK   THE   ISTHMUS   OK   PANAMA. 

BY 

DAVID  STARR  JORDAN,  Ph.  D.. 

rilKSIDENT   OF   TIIK    LKI.ANK   MTANFOHI)   .li  NIOU   I'NIVEIISITV    ANI>   OF   TIIF. 
CALlt'UKMA    .    OAUEMY    OF   SCIENCES, 


BARTON  WARREN  EVERMANN.  Ph.  D., 

l<:llTIIYOLO(3IST   OF   TIIF.    UNITED  SI'ATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 


PART   II. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT     PRINTING    OFFICE. 
1898. 


SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION. 

UNITKD  SIATI'-S   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


The  Fishes 


OP 


NORTH  AND  MIDDLE  AMERICA: 


A  DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE 


OK  THE 


SPECIES  OF  FISH-LIKE  VERTEBRATES   FOUND   IN  THE 

WATERS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  NORTH  OF 

THE    ISTHMUS    OF    PANAMA. 


BY 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN,  Pii.  D., 

PRESIDENT  OH  THE    LELAND   STANFORD  JUNIOR   UNIVERSITY   AND   OF   THE 
CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY  OF   SCIENCES, 


BARTON  WARREN  EVERMANN,  I'll.  D., 

ICHTHYOLOGIST   OF  THE   UNITED    STATES   FISH   COMMISSION. 


PART  II. 


WASHINGTON: 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 


1898. 


I 


l|i 


cx9  i 

—  c 


F»  1<  K  K  A  C  hC  . 


Tlio  present  v«)lmi\o  is  tlu^  second  jiart  ol"  a  work  (leHcri])tive  of  the 
fisheH  of  North  and  Middle  AintM'ica,  iiicludiii^  all  s])('cies  known  to  <><;cnr 
ill  American  watt-rs  north  of  the  cq'.iator  and  of  the  iHthniUH  of  I'auanin. 
Tho  lirHt  part  was  puldished  on  Ortohcr  3,  ISiKi,  the  ]>r<-scnt  part,  continu- 
ous with  the  firnt  in  pagination  anduuniburin<{,  appenraon  October  3, 18!)S, 
and  the  third  and  final  part  will  Boon  follow.  In  this  hist  will  appear  the 
•general  index,  an  artilicial  key  to  the  families,  a  glossary  of  8<-i«>ntific 
terms,  and  an  addcndiin>  containiii<i;  all  Kiiocies  overlooked  or  described 
siiliseqnent  to  the  publication  of  the  pnrt  to  which  they  belong.  A  fourth 
volume,  or  atlas,  is  composed  entirely  of  i>lato8. 

David  Stakk  Jokdax. 

liAUTON   WaUUKN   EveRMANN. 
Lkland  Staxfohd  Junior  TlNivKn.siTY, 
Palo  Alto,  Santa  Claua  County,  Cahfounia. 
March  15,  ISOS. 

(Ill) 


aO  ^  r^ 


TABLK   OF  CONTHNTS. 


JM.ASS  in.  1'1S("KS— Coiitluueil. 
Sinu  LASS    IKI.KOSTOMI— (-'onliniuil. 

OliDKIt    III*.  ACANTIIOI'TKRI      Confilliud. 

(ifiiiip  IVn'oltli^u— C'(>iiHiiiu<«l.  I'lim'. 

Familii  CXLIX.  l.iiliaiililir 1J41 

(■('MiiH  rt'.M.  lIoplopai^i'iiH,  (ifll IJtl 

KI'.'H.  giiiiflicrl,  cm V2U 

(iiiiiiMr.'jj.  Evopiiu.M, oiii i',Mr> 

Kl'.'lt.  \  IiUUh  ( ValoncicniiOH) 124<1 

( iciiiiH  r>25.  Nt'cunii'iiiH,  (ilnirtl l'J47 

Siibgeiiim  XcoinifiiiH 12S1 

10.10.  Joitlaii I,  Gilliort ■. rj.ll 

lOltl.  iiovcmrnNclatiiH  ((iill) 12.VJ 

10.'I2.  cynnoptonis  ((.'iivier  ifc  ValciiclcniifH) l'J54 

1033.  grisciiH  (T.iiiiiii'iis) I2').'i 

1034.  Jdcu  (IMoch  &.  SiliiuidiT) I'^.T 

1035.  npodiiH  ( \Vall)a ) V>r>» 

1030.  argonti vont  ris  ( ToterH) 1200 

1037.  liitjaiioidt'M  ( Por-y) 1201 

1038.  Ixiccaiiulla  (Ciivior  \-.  Valt'ii<!i«iiimn) 1201 

1030.  vivaiiiLs  (Ciivicr  &.  Viiloiuifiuics) 1202 

1040.  ay  a  ( Biocli) 1 204 

1041.  aiialis  (On virr  it  Vnlonclciiiu's) 1265 

1042.  Colorado  (Jordan  &  ( Jilborl ) 1207 

1043.  bnichy plorns  (Copo) 1268 

1044.  KiittatiiH  (SU'iiidaclmor) 1209 

lOJ T).  8y iinjiriH  ( Liiiiiiuiifl) 1270 

1040.  anibigiiiiH  (I'ooy) 1271 

1047.  inabogoiii  ((Juvior  <fe  VahMicipiiiu-H) 1272 

SiibjjoiiiiH  Kaixoro,  Jordan  \-.  IVslcr 1273 

1048.  aratus  (( Ji'iutlior) 1273 

Ht'nim520.  Kabiriiliia,  .Ionian  &  Fuslcr 1274 

1010.  int-nnis  ( Petors) 1274 

(ieuus  527.  Ocy iiruH,  (iill 1275 

1050.  clirysiinis  (Hlocli) 1275 

G011U8528.  Ulioniboplites  (Cill) 1270 

1051.  aiirorubeiiH  (('iivicr  &  ValunciiMincs) 1277 

Genim  529.  ApHiluH,  Cu vier  ifc  Valencieniu's . .  1278 

Siibgenns  TropidinuH,  Gill 1278 

1052.  dentatiLs,  Gulcheiiot 1278 

Gcnns  530.  Aprion,  Cuvier  it  Valencicunes 127!) 

Snbgonus  Platyinius,  Gill 1280 

1053.  niacroplitlialniiiH  ( MUller  &  Troscbel) 1280 

GeniiH  531.  EtuIiH,  Cuvier  &.  Valcnciounes » 1281 

1054.  ociilatu!)  (Cuvior  &  Valoneionnes) 1282 

1055.  aqiiilouaria  (Goodo  &,  IJuan) 1283 

Genus  532.  Vorilus,  Toey 1283 

1056.  sordidua,  Pooy 1284 

(V) 


VI 


CONTKN'I'M. 


CLASS  !II.    I'ISOKS    (N.iitliiiiid. 

(Minilt    nil.    AcAM  Ili'I'll'illl      ('(ilillliiK'll. 

t'liniihi  <'.\  1,1  \ .  I.iiliiiiiiilii     (.'oiidiiiicil.  I*ai{<<' 

(icllilN  TilKi.    Xi'liocyH,  •lonliill  A    lliilliiiitn I'JHS 

IQ.'iT,  .Ii'mhIii',  J  III  (lull  \  Moll  mil  II I'JHA 

<i(  iKiM  :,M.   XfiiiNtiiiH,  Jiiriliiii  .V  (i illicit I'.'Hll 

liriH.  ('MJiloriiit'iisiM  (Sti'iiiiliii'liuur) rjHi) 

(iiliiiH  :i:i5.    Ntiili  hlli.NH,  dill IL'HT 

um.  auuHHl/.li,  Stt'iniliii'lini'i' 1  ^HT 

inoo.   Miiili,  <iill I'JHT 

(i  ell  lis  Mtl.    NcinllilrlUM,  SwiiitlHOIl I'-'MM 

1(1(11.  iniirniiit'tiiiiH  ((iiiiitlior) r.'Htl 

/•'((  III  ill/  <L.   1 1  If  III  iiliiliv I'.'Hli 

( ii'iiiiN  rilli.  Ilii'iiiiiliin,  Ciivlor I'JtM 

lOfl'J.  HcxI'iiMiiitiiiii,  (Jill  I'JIM 

IOii:i.  alliiiiii.  ( 'ii\  icr  \',  N'MlciK^iciiiicH - I2U.'> 

I  (Kit.  iiiiici'o.Htiiiiiiiiii,  (il'iiilliiM' r.'Dd 

|(l(l,>.  Iiiiiiiii'ii'iisr,  ('ii\ii'i'\.  N'lili'iit'iiaiiii'M r.M)7 

1(1(10.  iiiirrii  ( I )t>Hiiiii  I'ltMt) I 'Jt)7 

10(17.  Hcmlilci  I,  ( i ill 1  L'Ult 

1(108.  riirliiiimriiiiii,  I'ocy 1 IKIO 

lOiilt.  Hli'iiiiliuiliiK'i'i  (.liii'iliiii  it  Cilbcrt)  liiiil 

I07II.  iiii'liiiiiii'iiiii  ( liiiiiiii'iiM) i;ii)2 

1071.  Hcliinis  (Sliaw) i:il);t 

io7'j.  |ii iiii  ( i,iH!t'iu'Mic) i;i() t 

107:1.  llavdliiK  aiiiiii  (iH'.siiiiiri'Hl) liliiO 

(itMiim  WM.   llr:icliyjj;(ii,vH,  Stuililrr 111(17 

107(.  tliry  Hiir;;y  rtii.s  (( i  iiiitlmr) i:i07 

(ifiiiiM  ,">:»».   liiidiystiiliia,  ScihMit IDOH 

107.J.  riiiiiitiir  (.Ionian  \  Swain) I3()H 

1070.  HiiniliiK^atiini  (Cii\  it'i-  iV:.  A'alciicieiiiicH) IKIu 

1077.   stri:itllin  ( IjliniriiH) lit  10 

(icnii.s  rilU.   liytiinil(iii,.loi'<liv:i  .V  Swiilii III!  I 

107H.  IliiviKUl  tat  Mill  ((iill) 1311! 

1070.  iiiiiilcscciiH,  Jiirilan  \  Stark.s IIUU 

(i<'iiiis,"i41.  (>itliii.stntliii.t  (iill i;ii:i 

KWO.  mar iilicaiiila,  (iill 13i;j 

Ut'iniH  512.  AiiiHiitrciiiiis,  (iill 1311 

Siiiinniu.s  I'ariiroiindon,  JJli-iskcr 1310 

1081.  iiacititi  (( liinthn) 1310 

1082.  cii'siiis  (.Imilini  \  (iillKJlt) 1310 

1083.  (lovii  ((iiintlu)i) 1317 

Siili;iflllis  .VliiMiitloilllls 131H 

1084.  Hiiriiiamon.si.s  (liliich) 1318 

1085.  intiriiiiitiiH  ((iill) 131!t 

1080.  Iiicolcir  (Ca.stcliiail) I3IH 

1087.  Hcaimlari.s  ('I'mrliiKli) 13'_'0 

1088.  (laviilsonii  (SttiuaaclintT) 1321 

1080.  Hiiloiiiatim  ( I'ticy ) 1321 

1090.  taiiiatiiH,  (iill 1322 

lOitl.  vir^iiii<'iiH(LiniiiiMis) 1322 

10!)2.  ,>ir.Tiil.i  (Cm  icr  \-  A'lilcncicniit'.s) 1323 

Goiiii.-*  1343.  ('uiiiidiin,  Ciivirr  iV.  VaU'iiciciiucH 1324 

1003.  iioliilis  (LiiiiiaMiH) 1324 

l(i94.  rtcrrifiT,  Jordan  it  (iilliiTt 1324 

(lOniiH  t)\\.  IJrachydeiiterus,  (Iill i32r) 

1095.  DitidiiH^Steindaclinfi) 1320 

1090.  <!(irvinn'rornii8  (.Stf^indacliuor) 1320 

1097.  leuciscus  (CJiiiitlit-r) 1327 


COXTKNTM. 


VII 


..   ViM 

..  VM 
..  ViM 
..  128U 

..  rj87 

..  1S87 

..  1287 

,.  12HH 

..  I'JHU 

..  rj8u 

..  1201 
..  I2UI 
..  1205 

..  I2m» 

..  1207 
..  1207 
..  1200 
..  i:ioo 
,..  vm 

..   1302 

,..  i;to;i 
..  i;io4 

,..  VMH) 

...  i:h»7 
...  i;io7 
...  i:jo8 

...  1308 

...  KIIO 

...  1310 

...  1311 

1312 

..  1312 

1313 

1813 

13U 

1310 

131(1 

1310 

1317 

131H 

131W 

1310 

1310 

...  1320 

...  1321 

..  1321 

..  1322 

..  1322 

..  1323 

...  1324 

..  1324 

..  1324 

..  132r. 

..  1320 

..  1320 

..  1327 


CLASS  MI.   IMSCKS    (Nmtlim.'.l 

OIIDI  II   Itll.    At  AMIIol'IKItl      <  olililllli'il. 

I'aiiiilii  t'L.  Iliimiiliilif    ('oiiliiiiiftl.  I'a|{f. 

ItlOK.  ii\il|jiiiH  iSlfitiiliii  lilM  1) I:i28 

(it'llii.s  ril.'i,   I'liiiiailiiNiM,  l.^HrlH'ili' i:i20 

SiiliKKiiiiH  i:iifii<'Ui,.ltiriliiii  A   l'',\<'i'tiiiiiiri i;i3l 

lisoo.  |>uiiaiiii'iiH|rt  (Sti  liiiliii'liiii'i) i:i:i| 

Siil>Ki'iiiiH  I'riHtlpoiMit,  ('ii\  Icr l:i3l 

1700.  Iiayiiiiii.-*.  .Iiiriliiii  >v  Kvt'finiiiiii Kllll 

17(11.  |it()<lii<'tii'«  (I'lH'.v) 1332 

t'lC  iniK'nirantliiiN  (I  liiiillicr) i:i:i2 

l7o:i.  unilrri  (Suiivmk*-) |:i;i2 

Sill>K"»><'*  UlioiK'lHruN,  .liii'iluii  tV  KviM'iiiaiiii \;\'SA 

I70».  <'i(UM'o  (('ii\  iir  A   N'ltlttiii'ioiiui'H) i;i:;;j 

170.">.  Iiiaiiliki  (Sr«  iiiilaclimr) i;j;iH 

I7IKI.  laiiiimiiH  (I'lie.v)   i;ia.l 

(it'll im  'i4t!.  (lrtliii|iri.siN,  (iininl i;t;i4 

SiiliKDUiiH  (trllitiiul.silM. ..  i;i;i(i 

17'i7.  I'tirlM'ti,  .Itinlaii  \-  StnrkH i;i;iO 

1708.  iKtIill.ifii,  Jiiiiliiii  A  Hi' liaiilMiiii  — i;i:i(i 

ITirti.  fliiilfniis  ((■jiiitliiT) i;i;i7 

1710.  i'lirvHii|itt'i'ii.s  (l.iniui'iiH) 1  i;irt 

1711.  i»tnv i, Sciiildtr 13;i<j 

1712.  tMiillNii'!iiii-t  (.IfiiyiiH) |;i;(0 

Siil>t{*'iiii>*  I'^vaiiri.sIlM,  .Ionian  \  Kvt'iinann i;mo 

l"i:i.  ii'tliii|iri.tliH.  .Idi'iIiiii  A  l'"f.sli'iv 1340 

(it'iiii.s  .")47.   LsMfitlla,  .Icii'tliiii  A  Fi'.Hlfi' 1340 

1714.  Iii't)vi|iiiiiii.s  (SifiiiiiiiiliiiiT)   1341 

Gt'iiiiH  MS.  Mii;ii>li|iiiliiliiH,  (iill 1341 

1715.  iiitdiiatiis.  (till 1341 

Gt'iiiiH  .'ilO.  (it'iiyatrt'iiniH,  (iiil 1342 

17H>.  liiltMiM  (UJDfli) 1342 

Faiiiilii  CI, I.  Siiaridir 1343 

UuiiiiH  5.')0.  (dry  lit  IT,  •Iiii'daii  A  lOvfriiiaiiii 1344 

1717,  cniidiiiiH  ( ISfiili) 134,'i 

( It'll iiH  r>ril.  Stt'iiiiloiiiiis,  (iill ll^f, 

171H.  cliiyntipM  (I.iiiiiii'iiH) 13(0 

1710.  aciileatiis  (CiivitT  A-  Valt'iicifiiiii'.'*) 1340 

(it'll II.-*  .'■>r>2.  (;Mlaiiiiis,  Swaiii.sDii , ,, 

.Siil)}it;iiiiM  (Jalaiiiiis  I349 

1720.  I'alaiini.s  (Ciivii'i- A  Vali'iii'it;iiiu!.s) 1340 

1721.  inDiitloiiH,  Jtirtlan  A  (iillitirl 1350 

1722.  (luniiatiila,  (iiiit'ht'iitit 13r)l 

1723.  l)a,|iiiiatlt>  (Hltnii  A,  Stliiuitlci) 13,')2 

Siili;;uiiiiH  (iraniiiiali'iiM,  I'tM-y 1353 

1724.  lirai'liysDiiiiiH  (LtM'kiiiK(tiii)  13r)3 

1725.  It'iifo.stuus,  Joi'tlaii  &  (iilht'rt 1353 

1720.  iiiat'i'0|).s,  Ttioy I354 

1727.  tauriiiim  (.It^ny iis) 1354 

1728.  i»()iiiia  (Ciivit'f  &.  Vuleiit  ieiiiii  11) 1354 

1720.  artililVoiis,  CtHMlti  A  Ittiaii 1355 

1730.  liiediiiH  ( l*t)uy) 1350 

Gt'iiiis  553.  J'agrii.s,  Ciivit-r 1356 

1731.  pajfi'iis  (Liiiiia'118) 1350 

Guinis  554.  LagtitlDii,  HDllirook 1357 

1732.  r1i()inlioi(li^H(Liniia>u.s) 1358 

(lOnii.s  555.  .<Vrclii)sai'j.;iis,  (Iill 1358 

Siiligeuiis  Sak'iiia,  Jt>rilaii  A  Kveriiiaiiii 1359 

1733.  uuimaculat  U.S  (lUocli ) 1350 


J 


VIII 


CONTENTS. 


iili 


(JLASS  III.   I'lSCES-Contiimcd. 

Okdkk  Itii,  AcANTiioi'TEKi— Continued. 

Familii  (!f,l.  .s'y;ff.-i(^D--Continued.  Pago. 

17:i4.  |)<>ui-talcHii  (.Stt'MHliirliner) 1300 

17;J5.  tridiMiH  (Poey) 13C0 

SiiliKeniiH  ArcliDHar^iiH 1301 

1730.  probiitoc.eidiiihiH  (Wiillianm) 13fil 

1737    arioH  (<Jiivlor  Isi  Viilonciciine.s) 13<i| 

UeniiH  r>5n.  DiplodiiH,  itnflneHiino 1362 

1738.  holbrookiiiHoaii) 13(12 

1739.  argentciiH  (Ciivier  &.  Valcncirnnos) 1303 

1740.  Har^fiiH  (Iiin::a>il8) 1303 

Familfi  (UAI.  Mwnidm 1304 

UeiiiiH557.  Spicarn,   Hii'incHqiio 1304 

1741.  niartinicn  (Cuvi(;r  i^-   ValeiicicniieH) 1.304 

(lonim  5r>8.  KninicliclitliyH,  UicliardHon 1305 

SiibgeuiiH  Inerinia,  Pooy 1365 

1742.  vittatiiH  (Pooy) 1365 

Family  CLIII.  Oerr.dfH 1.300 

Ocnim  55U.  Kiicinostonius,  Baird  &  (iirard 1307 

1743.  dowi,  (Gill; 1307 

1744.  pscudogiila,  I'oey 1308 

1745.  harenguhis,  GoimIo  it  Bean 1368 

1740.  caliior.iioKsis  (Gill) 1369 

1747.  fiiila  (('iivier  &  Valonciernes) 1370 

Genus  .lOO.  Ulii'nia,  Jordan  &  Kvennann 1371 

1748.  lofroyi  (Goode)  ...  1371 

'^enim.'ifll.  Xystivnia,  Jordon  v'-  Evermann 1372 

1749.  cinereuin  ( yValbauni) 1 372 

Gcnu8562.  Gcrres,  Ciivicr 1373 

Subgenus  Mobarra,  Poey 1 3 i'4 

17-50.  rhombons,  Cuvior  &.  Valenciennoa 1 374 

Siibgnnu.^i  Diapt^nis,  Ran'/an  i 1375 

1751.  piircohis,  Jordan  .fe  (^tilbort 1375 

1752.  periivianiiH,  Cnvier  &  Valenciennes 1370 

1753.  olistiiostonius,  Goode  &.  Hean 1376 

Subgenus  ( lerres 1377 

1754.  breviiiianus,  Giinther 1,377 

1755.  linoatiiH  (Humboldt) 1377 

1756.  brasilianu.s,  Cuviei' &  Valanciennos t378 

1757.  enibryx,  Jordan  &  Starks 1379 

17.58.  pluniiei'i,  Cuvler  &  Valenciennes .■ 1379 

n.V.t.  niexicanns,  Stcindacbner 1380 

Familii  VLIV.  Ki/iihosidce 1380 

Genus  563.  Girella,  Gray 1381 

1700.  nigricans  (Ay res) 1382 

Genus  504.  Doydixodon,  Valenciennes 1382 

1761.  freininvillei,  Valenciennes 1382 

Genus  565.  Herniosil.a,  Jenkins  &.  Evermann 1383 

1762.  azurea,  Jenkin.'i  &  Everin.ann 1383 

Genus  560.  Kvpliosus,  Lac6iiedo 1384 

1703.  anaiojj.is  ((Jill) 1385 

1764.  incisor  (Cnvier  &  Valenciennes) 1386 

1765.  elegans  ;Peters) 1387 

1766.  sectatrix  (Liunauis 1387 

1767.  lute.scens  (Jordan  &  Gilbert) 1388 

Genus  567.  Sectntor,  Jordan  &  Fesler 1389 

1768.  ocyurus  (Jordan  &  Gilbert) 1389 

Genus  568.  Medialunii,  Jordan  <fc  Fesler 1390 

1769.  calilbrniensis  (Steiudacnner) 1391 


CONTENTS. 


IX 


CLASS  III.  riSCKS— Continued. 


Ohdkk 
Fain 


HI5.  AcANTiiorTEKi -Continued. 
(7.1/  <■'//  V.  Scidiiidif 


509.  Seripli 


Pnuf. 
..  1:1111; 
..   13&7 


(K'nitsr)72.  CjnoHfion,  (iill H"" 

Siil'srnuH  Cyn<:H(ti(i« I-IO:! 

1774.  luoHim  (Lact'ix'dt) '^O.'t 

177'i.  H([iiaiiiii)inniH  ((iiintl.Di) 140t 

177(i.  othonopttrus,  .Ior<li;n  \-,  (iill)ort 1404 

1777.  ()blii|Uiitii8  (VaUncifiiius) 14(i.'> 

1778.  .ianiai<t'n«i.s  (Vaillant  &.  IJocouit) MOti 

r.79.  notlius  (Ilolbrook) - 140r. 

1780.  rugalis  (I'.locli  it  Sclincidw) 1407 

1781.  tlialassinus  (HoUirook) 1407 

17K2.  ptii'ulat US  (< i iint lier) 1408 

17811.  nebtilortus  (Cuvior  it  Valencitnncs) 140'.» 

1784.  paivipiiitiis,  Ayn-s 1410 

nar).  xanthulim,  Jordan  &.  Gilbert 1410 

1780.  allMiH  (Giintlior) 1411 

1787.  niardonaldi,  Gilbert 1411 

1788.  stol/.nianni  (Stcindacliuor) 1411! 

8nb}jenn»  Atractcsciim,  Gill Hill 

1789.  nobilis  (Ayrcs) 1413 

1790.  i)lH)xoc<'plialuH,  Jordan  it  Gilbert , 1413 

1791.  leiarcluis  (Cuvier  it  Valenciennes) 1414 

1792.  virescena  (Cuvier  it  Valcncieniii's) 1415 

1793.  niicrolepidotus  (Cuvier  it  Valoni-ienneH) 1415 

Genus  573.  Sa<'enichthyH,  Berg 1416 

1794.  ancylodon  (Blot'li  &  Sclineiiler) 1416 

Genus  .574.  Nebris,  Cuvier  it  Valenciennes 141C 

1795.  niierops,  Cuvier  &  Valontienne.s 14 17 

1796.  zestus,  Jordan  it  Starks 1417 

Genus  575.  I'lajiioscion,  Gill 1418 

1797.  siiuauio.sissimns  ( ireckol) 141H 

1798.  lieterolepis  (Bleeker) 1419 

1799.  .siirinaniensis  ( Hleeker) 1419 

Genus  576.  Lariraus,  Cuvier  it  Valenciennes 14'JO 

Subgenus  Aniblyscion,  Gill 1421 

1800.  argentouB  (Gill) 1421 

Subgenus  Larinuis 1421 

1801.  eftulgens,  Oill)ert 1421 

1802.  acclivis,  Jordan  it  Bri.stol 1422 

1803.  breviceps,  Cuvier  &.  Valvnciennes 1423 

1804.  pacilictLS,  Jordan  &•  BoUnian 1424 

1805.  fasciatus,  Holbrook 1424 

Genus  .577.  Odontoscion,  Gill 1425 

1806.  dentex  (Cuvier  it  Valenciennes) 1425 

1807.  xantbops.  Gilbert 1426 

Genus  578.  Corvula,  Jordan  &  Kigenniann 1427 

1808.  ntacrops  (Stcindacliner) 1427 

1809.  sialis,  Jordan  it  Kigenniann 1428 

1810.  subie(iualiE  (Poey) 1429 

1811 .  sanctu'-luciie,  Jordan 1429 

1812.  batabana  (Toey) 1430 


ir 


ii 


CONTKNTS. 


CLASS  III.  rrSCKS— (;onfinm>d. 

OUDKit  III!.  .\(  A.NTiioiTKHi    fJonlinnod. 

Faiii'dji  VLV.  .s'cu^'Hic/**- ('i)'itljiiu'(l.  PaRo. 

(Jt'uiis  .I"".!.  KlaltiircliiiM,  Jonlaii  A   Kvcrniaiin 14:tl 

IHi:).  aicliidimu  (Jonliiii  &  Gilbert) 14;tl 

(iciiu.s  .WO.   r.aiiiliolla,  Cill 1432 

Siib{;i'""--*  I?air<lii'll(i 14311 

1814.  <'liryHura  ( Lii<'<''i>t"'ilo) 143li 

Mill.  iMisiCcra  (.Ionian  it  Oilbort) 1434 

181(i.  i<istia  (Jdiilaii  \-  Gilbert) 1435 

1H17.  roiicliiiH  ((Mivicr  \'  ValoncicniicH) 1430 

Siib;r(>iins  N(M't(ir,  Jordan  i^  Evcrnianii 1430 

1815.  aiinala,  Gill 143(i 

181!).  ahita,  Jordan  &  Gilbert 1437 

1820.  elir.v.solenca(Giintli.er) 1438 

Genus  .Wl.  Slillitor  (Ciivier)  Okon 143!) 

Snb^eniiH  ZeHti.s,  Gilbert 1440 

1821.  oseitanH  (Jordan  A  Cill)ert) 1440 

1822.  Iiirthi  (SteindaclniBr).. 1441 

Sub^eiinH  /<>slidliini,  Gilbert 1442 

1823.  iIlceebro.su.s,  Gilbert 1442 

Snb<.-enu(t  Stellifer 1443 

1824.  stellifer  (Illocli) 1443 

182.'>.  'an<eolatus(IIolbrook) 1443 

1820.  e  ieyniba  (Jordan  \,  Gilbert) 1444 

1827.  niicroiis  (Steindachiier) I44r) 

Sub;;enii8  Stellicarens,  Gilbert 144ri 

1828.  /.eslocarus,  Gilbert 144.^ 

Gonimri82.  Opliioscion,  Gill 144(1 

Subgenus  Ophiuseion 1447 

1829.  adu.itus  (.Vpissiz) 1447 

1830.  typicus,  (iill 144.s 

1831.  strabo,  Gilbert 144n 

1832.  siniulns,  Gilbert 144!* 

1833.  iniieops  (Jordan  \  Gilbert) 1451 

1834.  scierns  (Jordan  \  (iilbert) 145'.' 

SubijonnsSignnirus,  Gilbert 145J 

1835.  vcnnienlaris  (Giinther) 145'J 

Genus  583.  Scianops,  Gill t 14511 

1836.  ocellatus  (Linna-us) 145;i 

Genus  584.  Scia'Hii  (Artedi)  Linnu'UH 14.")4 

Subf^on  us  Callaiis,  Jordan 14.').'i 

1837.  deliciosa  (T.scbudi) 146ri 

Subffeuus  Clieilotrema,  TscLudi 145ti 

1838.  saturna  ((lirard) 145t! 

Genus  585.  Koneador,  Jordan  &,  Gilbert 1457 

183!).  Htearnsi  (Steindaclinor) 14;"." 

Genus  580.  Leiostonuis,  LacejiO'do 1458 

1840.  xantburiis,  Lac6pede 14.'iS 

(ienu8587.  Pacliypops,  Gill 14ri'.i 

1841.  I'ureneus  ( Lacepede) 1451) 

Genus  588 .  Genyorienius,  Gill 14tiii 

1842.  liueatus(Ayres) 14(;o 

Gonu8  589.  Mieropojion  ('uvier  &  Valenelenncs 14tll 

1843.  undulatus  (Liiinieus) 1401 

1844.  furniori  (Desniareat) 14i;2 

1845.  megalops,  Gilbert 14(13 

1846.  ectenes,  Jordan  .t  Gilbert 140:; 

1847.  altipinnia,  Giinther 14(i4 


^1 


CONTENTS. 


XI 


CLASS  in.  nSCKS-Contimicd. 

OiiOEii  r>H.  AcANTiioi'TKKi  -('(intiimeil. 

Family  CLV.  Scitfiiidn—CiwWmwi].  Pago. 

(icuiiH  SBO.  Uinbriiia,  Cii vi(M- 1405 

184H.  broiisHoiietii,  Cuvier  &  Vnleiui<'iino8 1406 

1849.  coroidiH,  Cii  vltr  \  VulencicuncH 1460 

1850.  roiiciidor,  Jordan  \.  Gilhort 1467 

1851.  xaiiti,  (Jill 1407 

1852.  .sinalon',  Scoticld 1408 

IS.'i.'i    galapaKonini,  Steindacliiicr 1408 

18.'>4.  dorsal i.s,  (fill 1460 

(iciiuH  501.  ^Icnlicirrluis,  Gill 140:1 

185.').  hIiuh.s,  Jordan  \  Eiyuiiniann 1472 

18.')().  nasiis  (Oiintlipr) 1473 

1857.  ])ananienHi.>4  (Steindacliiicr) 1473 

18.58.  inartinict'nMi8(Cuvioi'  it  Valencionncs) 1473 

1850.  aniiricamis  (Linna  us) 1474 

1800.  .saxatilis  (IJlocli  &.  S<Iincidor) 1475 

1801.  iindiilatiiH  (( iirard) 1476 

Si;'ts;«Miiis  rnibrula,  Jordan  &,  Kigcninann 1470 

1802.  elon;;atus  ((Jiint her) 1470 

1803.  littoralis  ( Uolbrook) 1477 

Genus  502.  I'aralonchurus,  Bo'"o\irt 1477 

Subijouus  Polyelenius,  I?org 1478 

18C4.  dunierili  ( Boeourt ) 1478 

Subgenus  Zono.ieion,  Jordan  \- Kverniann 1479 

1805.  ratlibuni  (Jordan  \-  BoUnian) 1470 

Subgenus  Zae.lenuis,  Gilbert 1480 

1800.  goodei,  Gilbert 1480 

Subgenus  I'araloncliuru.s 1481 

1807.  iietersi,  Hoeourt 1481 

Genua  593.  Loneliiurus,  liloch 1481 

1808.  lanceolatuM  ( lUocli) 1481 

Genus  594.  Pogonias,  Lacepede 1482 

1860.  eroniis  (Linna'us) 1482 

1870.  ctKirbina  (Lncepede) 1483 

Genua  595.  Aplodinotns,  Ilalines<|Uo 1483 

1871.  grunniens,  Kafint^sque 1 484 

Genua  506.  Eques,  Bloch .■ ' 1484 

Subgenus  Pareques,  Gill 1486 

1872.  viola.  Gilbert 1480 

1873.  acuniinatnrf  ( rJoch  &  Solineider) 1487 

1873a.  acuminatuM  unibrosus,  Jordan  &  Eigenniann 1487 

1874.  punctutus,  Bloul"  \- Schneider 1488 

1875.  pnlchor,  Stoindaclincr 1489 

Subgenus  E(iue8 1489 

1870.  lanceolatus  (Linnaous) 1489 

Group  Cirrliitoidei 1490 

Familn  VLVI.  Cirrhitidce , 1400 

Genus  597.  Cirrliites,  Lacf^pMo 1491 

1877.  rivulatus,  Valenciennes 1491 

1878.  botauni.s,  Gill 1492 

SrnonnKU  Hou'oxoti 1493 

Famihj  VL V II.  Fmbiotocidfe 1493 

Genus  598.  IIj  sterocarpus,  Gibbons 1405 

1879.  tr.i.ski,  Gibbons 1496 

Genus  ,TO9.  Abeoun,  (iirard 1496 

1880.  'uiuima  (Gibbons) 1497 

1881.  aurora,  Jordan  &  Gilbert 1497 


XII 


CONTKNT8. 


Ill  ::.' 


'  -'lil 


CLASS  III.  ITSCKS-ConHiiued. 

OltUKR  ]UJ.   AcA.NTiroi'lKHl— Coiltimiud. 

Family  ('IjV  1 1.  lUnhintocidw-  ('iiiitiniiod,  I'ngf. 

Oi'iiim  <i(Ki.  CyinatdKaNter,  Uiliboiis 141W 

188L'.  iiftKit'giilus,  (Jibbons    H!I8 

(ioiiiiHCOl.  liiiiiliyiHtinH,  (iill 1409 

1883.  froimtiiH,  (iill 1400 

fnMiiis  Oit'J.  Ziilt'iiibliiH,  Jorilnn  &  Evurnianu 1400 

1884.  rosiuoim  (.loidiiii  \  (Jilbtirt) I.''i00 

(;t-iiUH60X  llypociitiditlijH,  Gill l.'idO 

1885.  aniiliH  ( AlexaiuUr  Agassi/) 1500 

( JeniiH  604.  Hy |K!riiroNO)ioii,  (iibboiis 1501 

1880.  arfj;i!iitoiiH,  ( ! iblioim 1501 

1887.  agassizii,  ilill \W1 

riPiiiLs  00.5.  Ilolconotus,  Agassiz l.'>02 

1888.  rliodotoriis,  Agassiz 1502 

(jcii IIS  000.  Am jihisl iciis,  Agassi/ 1503 

1880.  argeutouH,  Agassiz 1503 

(ieiiiis  007.  Eiiibiotoca,  Agussiz 1504 

1800.  Jacksoui,  Agassiz 1504 

(Jeiiiis  008.  Ta'iiintoca,  Alexander  .Agassiz 1505 

1801.  lateralis  (Agassiz) ]!J05 

( iemis  600.  I'lianerodon,  (Hrard 1500 

1802.  iumitiiH,  (iiranl 1500 

1803.  artipes  (Jordan  &  (lilliort) 1507 

Goniis  010.  liliaeocliilus,  Agassi/. 1507 

1804.  toxdtes,  Agassiz 1507 

Genus  on.  llypsunis,  Alexander  Aga-ssiz 1508 

1805.  «aryi  (.Vgassiz) 1508 

Genus  012.  Danialiehtbys,  Girard 1500 

1800.  argyrosomiis  (Girard) 1500 

SunOHDEIl  CHUOMIDE.S 1511 

Family  VLVIII.  CichUihv 1512 

Genus  013.  I'etenia,  G iintlior 1513 

1807.  rtjilendida,  Giintlier 1513 

Genus  614.  .Kqiiidens,  Eigonniaiin  it  IJray 1513 

1808.  eu'riileopiinctatus  (Kner  it  Steindaeber) 1514 

Genus  015.  Cicblasonia,  Swainson 1514 

Subgenus  Cielilasonia 1515 

1800.  rectangularo  (Sleiiidiuiliner) 1515 

1000.  bartoni  (Bean) 1515 

1001.  godnianiii  (Giintbor) 1516 

1002.  siebiddii  (Kner  &  Steindacbner) 1516 

1003.  interniediiiin  (Giinthor) 1517 

1004.  angiilifernin  (Giinthor) 1517 

1005.  fenestratuni  ((Jiintber) 1518 

1006.  inontiizunia  (lleckel) 1518 

1907.  niacracautbuin  (Giintlier) 1518 

1008.  jtarnia  (Giintlier) 1510 

1909.  niargaritiferuiii  (Giinlhor) 1519 

1910.  spiluruni  (Giintlier) 1520 

1011.  louginianus  (Giinther) 1.520 

1912.  bit'asciatuni  (Steindacbner) : 1521 

1913.  helleri  (Stoindacbner) 1521 

1914.  balteatuni  (Gill  vt  Bransford) 1521 

1915.  rostratum  (GilKt  Uran.sford) 1522 

1916.  melanopogou  (Steintlacbner) 1523 

1917.  nielanuruni  (Giinthor) 1523 

1918.  uebulii'erum  (Guutber) 1524 


m 


CONTKNTS. 


Mil 


Tagf. 
.  14!>H 
.  14118 
.  1409 
.  1409 
.  1409 

.  moo 

..  IMlO 
..  1500 
..  1501 
..  1501 
..  1502 
..  1502 
..  1502 
..  1503 
..  15o:( 
..  1504 
..  1504 
..  1505 
..  1505 
...  1500 
...  1500 
...  1507 
...  1507 
...  1507 
...  150H 
...  1508 
...  1509 
...  1500 
...  1511 
...  1512 
...  1513 
...  1513 
....  1513 
....  1514 
....  1514 
....  1515 
....  1515 
....  1515 
....  1516 
....  151G 
....  1517 
....  1517 

1518 

....  1518 
....  1518 
....  1519 

1519 

1520 

1520 

1521 

1521 

1521 

1522 

1523 

1523 

1524 


CLASS  111.  IMSC'KS— Continual. 

OiiDKii  I'.n.  AcAvnioi'TKUi-Ooiiliiiiicd. 

Fiimilji  VLVIII.  f'4V/(Ji(?(»'    CoiitiiuHxl.  I'lip-. 

1 019.  lent IgiiHisiim  (SltiiidHchiiei) 1524 

1920.  (Icpiiii  (Hcckol) 1524 

SuliKi^mm  A fcIkmi'ii triiH,  < ■  ill 1 52,"> 

1021.  iiigrol'iiKtiat iini  ((i iin(ln'r) 1525 

1022.  inultlspiiioMimi  ((iiintlicr) 1525 

1923.  cisntmrcliiiH  ((iill  &  Uiaimroiil) 1520 

CainuA  610.   Ilcrcs,  llwkcl 1520 

1924.  fricdriclislliali,  Ueckel 152H 

1925.  salviiii, « iiiiitlior 1528 

1920.  iilliniH,  Giiiitlicr 1529 

1927.  iiiaciilipiuuis,  Steinilacliiior 1520 

1028.  tiiniacnlatus,  (iiintliur 1529 

1920.  labiiit  118,  Cm ihiflior 1  '130 

1930.  lol)ocliiliiH,  Oiiiitlier 1530 

1931.  crythiaMis,  Oiiiitlior 1531 

1032.  liaHilaris,  (Jill  Jt  JJransfoid 1532 

1033.  nicarauj^iienaiH,  Giiiitliur 1532 

1934.  iiiaiiajtiu-nHia,  Giintlior 1533 

1935.  aiireuH,  (i  iinther 1533 

1930.  citriiiclluH,  GiiiitluT 1534 

1937.  iiiotftj;ueiiHi»,  (Jiinthcr 1534 

1938.  obloiigus,  Giinther 1535 

1039.  (Ii)vii,  (Mintlusr 1535 

1940.  gil>l>ice])8,  Slciiulacliiier 1530 

1941.  inicroplitlialinus,  Giintber 1530 

1942.  iiiHiphtlialimis,  Giinther 1537 

1943.  troscheli,  Steindaclincr 1637 

1044.  c.vaiiogiittatus  (IJaird  &-  Giranl) 1537 

1945.  ]»avonaceiiH,  Gamiau 1538 

1846.  altifroiis,  Kner  it  Stcinilacliuer 1538 

1947.  bcani,  Jordan 1538 

1948.  tclracanthus  (('iivier  k  Vahnu-ionnt's) 1539 

Gcnu.s017.  Tli(!rai>H,  Giinther 1540 

1049.  irre};iilari»,  Giinther 1540 

Gonim  C18.  Neutroidus,  Giinther 1.541 

1950.  neniatopns,  («iintlicr 1541 

1951.  nicarauj^iienHis,  Gill  &  Bransford 1512 

Genus  610.  Satanoperca,  Giinther  1542 

1952.  crassilabrirt  (Steiudachner) 1542 

Family  OLIX.  PomaccntridiB , 1543 

Genus  620.  Azurina,  Jordan  &  McGregoi- l.'<44 

1953.  hirundo,  Jordan  &.  McGregor 1544 

Genus  02 1 .  Chroniis,  Cuvier 1 545 

Subgenus  Furcaria,  Pooy 1546 

1954.  atrilobatus,  Gill 1546 

1955.  eyaneus  ( Poey) 1547 

19i)6.  niultilineatiis  (Guichenot) 1547 

Subgenus  .\yreHia,  Cooper 1548 

1957.  puuctipinnis  (Cooper) 1548 

Subgenus  Ileliases,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes 1548 

1958.  insolatus  (Cuv'.er  &,  Valenciennes) 1548 

1950.  enclirysurus,  Jordan  &  (filbert 1548 

Genus  622.  lilupomaeentrns,  llleeker 1549 

Siibgenns  ICnpoiuacentrus 1551 

1960.  leiicorus  (Gilbert) 1551 

1961.  adu8tU9  (Troschel) 1551 


XIV 


roNTKNTS. 


\l: 


u 


'i  ■ 


CLASS  III.  PISCKS— Conliiiiiid. 

Okkku  I!I:.  Acamikh'IKUI— ConliiMi»Ml. 

Family  CLIX.  ViimiifintiUiiv—VAWxiUwicA.  Vn\i\\ 

lOli'-'.  fiianiM  ((Jiivit'f  iV  VaU^iirit'iilicH) ir>r>2 

lllO;i.  (li«'iii'iiu«,  Jordan  A  Iliittcr 1552 

lliOI.  ri'ctifiiiiiiini  ((Jill) 155:t 

liiOS.  aiiJiliM  (I'ltey) 1554 

100(1.  ot onlloniH  ( I'dcy ) 1 555 

lOrtT.  Uuic(»stl(tiiH  (Miillor  &.  TroHcluU) 1555 

UMIS,  (liivi viMiUir  ( 'I'roHcliul) 1 557 

19011.  /lavllutus  ((Jill) 1557 

11170.  part  it  ii,H  ( I'of.v) 15.18 

11)71.  planirroim  (Cuvicr  &,  Vali'ticifiincH) 1569 

(IciitiH  (i'JIt.  Ntixilariii.s,  (tillit^rl 1559 

1972.  conn.lor  (( i ill) 1559 

(ioiiiiH  0J4.  Al)U(l«l'(liif,  Korskal 1500 

Sllhjjuiiils  (ilyjiliisoiliin,  Lacriit'do 1501 

1073.  saxnt  ilis  ( Liiiiin'Us) 1501 

SiibgoiiiiM  KuH(!lii.sttiilu.s,  Gill 1502 

1974.  (l.clivilrons  (Cill) 1502 

1975.  analoKUs  ((iill) 1503 

1970.  taiinis  (MiilltT  \  Tro.schcl) 150:J 

1977.  rmllH  (I'cmy) 1503 

Oeiiiisfi25.  Hyiwypops,  Oill 1.504 

1'.I7H.  nilticiiiuliis  ((iiianl) 1504 

Gcim.s  020.  M i('ro.><i)iit hudoii,  ( 1  iiutlior 1 505 

1979.  bainlii  ((iill) 1 500 

1980.  chrysunis  (Cuvier  it  Valoiicienues) 1507 

1981.  nivcatiiH  (Tooy) 1507 

1982.  dor.salis  (Gill) 1508 

SlinOKDKIl  I'll AUY.NdOUNATII I 1571 

Fatii ilij  OLA'.  La'oridiv 1571 

( iuiuLs  027.  ('('iitroliibniH,  G iinthur 1575 

1983.  oxoletiLs  ( Linnau.s) 1570 

Gfiuis  028.  Tautogolaliriis,  (iiintlior 1576 

1984.  adspcrsus  ( Walliiuiiii) 1577 

Gonus  029.  Tiiutojift,  Mitcliill 1577 

1985.  onitis  (Liiiiin'us) 1578 

Geiiii.s  030.  La<'hni>lainiuH,  Cuvicr  &.  Valoiiciennea 1579 

1986.  inaxiniiLs  ( Walbamii) 1579 

Genus  031.  llarpi",  Laci'pede 1581 

1987.  diplotania,  Gill 1582 

1088.  nifa  (Liuiia'us) 1583 

1989.  ocliint'bori  (VaU^nciennes) 1583 

1990.  pulcliellii  (I'ooy) 1584 

GonuH  0,32.  Deccwlon,  Giiutbor 1584 

1991.  puollari8(Poey) 1584 

GeuuM  033.  I'iuiclonictopon,  Gill 1585 

1992.  pulcliiT  (Ayros) I."i85 

1993.  darwinii  (Jouyns) 1580 

Genus  034.  Clepticus,  Cuvior 1580 

1994.  parra' (niocli  &  Sclint'idor) 1580 

Genus  035.  Iridio,  Jordan  it  Kvernianu 1587 

1995.  radiatuH  (Linna'us) 1590 

1990.  nicbolsi  (Jordan  &  Gilbert) 1591 

1997.  scllifer  (Gilbert) 1592 

1998.  seuiicinctus  ( Ayres) 1592 

1999.  j^aruoti  (Cuvior  <fc  Valeucionnes) 1593 

2000.  oyauocepltulus  (Uloch) 1594 


CONTKNTS. 


XV 


.   J  552 

.  1552 

.  15511 

.   1554 

..    1555 

. .    1555 

..   1557 

. .   15ri7 

..   1558 

..   1559 

..   1550 

..   1559 

,..  15(10 

...  1501 

...  15t!l 

...  1502 

...  1502 

...  1503 

...  1503 

...  1503 

...  1504 

...   1504 

...  1505 

....   1500 

...   1507 

....  1507 

....   1508 

....  1571 
1571 
1575 
1570 
1576 
1577 
1577 
1578 
1579 
.  1579 
.  1581 
.   1582 
.  1583 
.  1583 
.  1584 
.  1584 
.  1584 
.  1585 
.   1585 
.   1580 
.   1580 
..  1580 
..  1587 
..  1590 
..  1591 
..  1592 
..  1592 
..  1593 
..  15S4 


CLASS  III.  nSCES-Coiiliimfd. 

OlIliKU  nil.  ACANTIKil'TKHI      (  iilltilllHll. 

FaiiiUy  i'LS.  I.ahriiliv—Vontiwm'A.  VtijH'. 

20(11.  iiiiifiiliiiiiina  (MiilKir  iV  Tiomliel) 1504 

2002.  liivitlittu.H  (Hlocli) 1595 

2003.  iliHpiliiH  (<liliitliPr) 1597 

2004.  kirsciiii,  .Ionian  &,  Kverinnim 1608 

200,"i.  jMipyi  (SIcindai'liiKT) 1509 

2000.  cnudalin  ( I'ooy) 1500 

2007.  piot iiH  ( r<M'y ) 1599 

(JeniiHOim.  OxyjiiliH.  «iill 1001 

2008.  taiit'oriiiiiis  ((iiinther)  1001 

OuiiiiH  037.  KiMiiierkiu,  Jordan  \  Kverinann ..  1001 

2000.  vonnstii  (Jonkhm  A  Kvfrnuiun) 1002 

0»nnH  038.  Julidio,  Jordan  it  K  verniann 1002 

2010.  adust im  ((JillMMt) 1002 

201 1.  noto8i>iliiH  ( t i iin tlu'i) 1603 

(H-niis  0;i9.   I'HtndoJ  mUh,  HK"  ker 1C04 

2012.  tnoiimtiiH,  (iillM>rt 1004 

2013.  niclanot if,  i  1  ilbi<rt 1005 

0«nn«  040.  Cliloritli  t  liyH,  Swainwoii 1005 

2014.  linaHanim  (<iill) 1007 

2015.  Hocoiroiiiisis  ((Jilbert) 1007 

2010.  ni t iduH  ((1  iintln(r) 1008 

2017.  nit idissdiMiis  (< Joodo) 1 008 

2018.  Mtcimlarlinori  (Jordan) 1009 

2010.  bil'aHciatus  (Hlodi) 1609 

2020.  {{•■"""""♦^i*""'  (t'ilbert) 1010 

2021.  virena  (Gilbort) 1010 

GenuH  041.  Dorutonotns,  ( Juntluir 1011 

2022.  niogalt'iiis,  Giint lier 1011 

t ii'nns  042.  Xy rnla,  Jordan 1612 

2023.  jessiio  (Jordan) 1012 

Geuus  043.  Novacnlichthys,  IJlcokor 1013 

2024.  roHipes  (Jordan  &  (iilbert) 1014 

2025.  ventralix  (Bean) 1015 

2026.  inlirniu8(Hean) 1010 

2027.  nuirtiuiceuBis  (Cuvier  &  Valencieunes) 1010 

Genus  044,  Xyricht UyH,  Cuvier 1017 

2028.  niundiceps,  Gill 1018 

2029.  psittacus  (Liumi'us) 1018 

2030.  niodcstus,  Pooy 1619 

Genu8  045.  luiistius,  Gill 1619 

2031 .  luuudicorpus,  Gill 1020 

Family  (JLXI.  Searidcv 1020 

Geuu!4  040.  CryptutonuiH,  Cope 1021 

2032.  dontien8(Poey) 1023 

2033.  retractus  (Poey) 1623 

2034.  u8tH8  ((Juvier  &  Valeucienueg) 1624 

2035.  auropunctatus  (Cnvier  it  Valencieuuea) 1624 

2036.  boryllinus,  Jordan  &  Swain 1025 

2037.  roseuB,  Cope 1626 

GenuH647.  Calotonius,  Gilbert...  1626 

2038.  xenodon,  Gilbert 1026 

Genus  048.  Sparisonia,  Swainson 1627 

Subgenus  Sparisonia 1630 

2030.  xyatrodon,  Jordan  &  Swain 1630 

2040.  atoniariuin  (Poey) 1031 

2011.  radians  (Cuvier  Si.  Valenciennes) 1031 

3030 II 


XVI 


CO^TKNTS. 


i! 


!■     |l 


i  '* 

1;!- 

Is' ' 

III 


(•LASS  III.  I'lSC'KH-Oontiniiod. 

OKDKK   Kli.    AiANinnl'TEKI   -( 'oiltlmifMl. 

Fainilii  <'IjXI.  .S'c(i;-i(/(i'--('ontiiiu««l.  I'aRf. 

'JU42.  Iioploiiiyittnx  (Copu) l(i:il> 

2U4;i.  iii|)li(>lili>H,  Jordan  &,  Bolliiinn lfl:):i 

2044.  aunit'rcimtmii  ((.'iiviur&  Valoiicinunus) 1034 

204.').  oxybravliiiiiii  (Pooy) 1031 

2010.  abiltlKaftidi  (lllocli) \m:> 

2047.  tllslinotiiiii  (I'o<\v) WM 

204H.  «liry»opt<Tiiin  ( Hloch  &.  Schneider) 10;iO 

2019.  Idiilo,  Jordan  &  Swain 1037 

20,')0.  virido  ( Honnaterr*)) 1038 

SubgcniiH  KimrariiH,  Jordan  &-  Kvi^nnnnn 103U 

2051.  Mtri«atuni  (diintluM) 1030 

20r.2.  fl»vt>H<»'nH  (HIocli  it  Schneider) 1030 

2053.  rnl)ri|>inne(Uuvior  &  ValencionnuH) 1040 

2054.  hrachiahMl'oey) 1641 

2055.  niaHuhnloH]>iloH  (lileekcr) 1041 

2050.  liondosum  (Cnvier) 1042 

Gonns  010.  Scarna,  ForHkiil 1042 

Sul>(.!unnH  ScariiM 1045 

2057.  punutulatnt)  (Cuvior  it  VaUtiiuiunnuH) 1045 

2058.  bolhnani,  Jordan  it  E vernmiin 1040 

2050.  ta-niopternH,  DeHniaruxt 1640 

2000.  ararauga  ((iiinther) 1047 

2001.  t riH|>in4>si!i<,  Cu vior  &  Valenciennes 1048 

2062.  ru/.aniihi',  Uean 1648 

2(l<>3.  votiila  ( Uhioli  it  Schneider) 1040 

2004.  gnat  hodns,  Pooy 1050 

Subgenu8  Callioilon  (Uronow)  Schneider 1 050 

2005.  croiccnHiH  ( IMoch) 1650 

2000.  evernianni,  Jordan.'. 1051 

2067.  llavoinarginatuH,  Cnvier  it  Valenciennes 1652 

2068.  acntUB,  I'oey 16,52 

2009.  caTulens  (Bloch) 1052 

2070.  enUdeniaticus,  Jordan  &.  Kutter 1654 

Genus  0.50.  I'sentlosearuH,  Uleoker 1656 

Subgenus  Prteudoscarns 1055 

2071.  cd'leHtinns  (Cuvier  it  Valenciennes) 1055 

2072.  simplex,  Poey 1056 

2073.  pleianuH  (Pooy) 10.56 

Subgenus  Loro,  J ordan  it  Everniann 1 057 

2074.  guacamaia  (Cuvier) 1657 

2075.  perrico  (Jordan  it  Gilbert) 1658 

Grou I >  Zeoidea 1 059 

Family  CLXII.  Xeidm 1059 

Genus  651.  Zeuopsis,  Gill 1660 

2076.  oeellatuH  (Storer) 1660 

Genus  052.  Zonion,  Jordan  &,  Evennann 1601 

2077.  hololepis  (Goode  &  Bean) 1661 

Genus  653.  Oreosonia.  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes 1062 

2078.  atlanticum,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes 1662 

Group  Caproidea 1663 

Family  CLXII  I.  Caproidce * 1663 

Genus  654.  Antigonia,  Lowe 1064 

2079.  capros,  Lowe 1665 

SUBOKDER  SyUAMll'INNES 1065 

Family  GIjXI V.  EjMiypiilre 1666 

Genuu  6i>5.  Chmtudipterus,  Lacei>edo 1607 


CONTENTS. 


XVII 


.  ifl:i;i 

.  1034 
.   1031 

.  i«3ri 

.  1035 
,.  1030 
..  1037 
..  1038 
..  1630 
..  1030 
..  1030 
..  1040 
..  1041 
..  KUl 
..  1042 
..  1042 
...  1045 
...  1045 
...  1040 
. ..  1040 
...  1047 
...  1048 
...  1048 
...  1040 
...  1050 
, ...  1050 
....  1050 
....  1051 
....  1052 
....  ia'.2 
....  1052 
....  1054 
....  1056 
....  1C»55 

1055 

1050 

1050 

1057 

1057 

1058 

1050 

1050 

1000 

1000 

..  1601 
..  1601 
..  1002 
..  1602 
..  1063 
...  1663 
...  1664 
...  1665 
...  1665 
...  1666 
...  1607 


CLASS  in.   IMSCKS— (Jontlii I. 

OlllPKK   int.    .Vi  ANllUil'IIICI     Colli  iniicil. 

Fniiiilu  CLXIV.   i:i>liii>i'iilf    (.'oiiliiiiHil. 


Pnjte. 

..    lOOH 


2080.  Iiilwr  ( ItroiiHsoni'l ) 

20H1 .  /.oiiiit  iiH  (( i Irani ) 1008 

< it'll ii«  oriO.  I'miipNi'ltiiM,  st««iii(liU'linMr nmo 

IMIH'.'.    piilliiliit'lisis,  StrillilaclllHM' 1000 

hum  ill)  CI.  .V  1.   '  'lid'ti'iloiiliihv lOOII 

(IclillH  057.    ^^<lKImtllO(l^•^^,  Hill 1071 

2(IH;1.  acilU-al  iin  ( I'lU'V ) 1071 

(SiiiiimOSH.    Korcipincr,  Junliin  \  M((in'j{i<r 1071 

2084.  Ilii\  iHHiiiiux,  .Iiinlaii  \  Mrtlrnnor 1071 

( ieinift  (I'd).  (Jliiiltnloii  ( Aiti'(li)   Mi;liaim Hi72 

Siili<;riiiiH  Clia'liMloillopH,  ItlofkiT 1073 

2086.  iiiKiir()«t lis  ((Jill) 1073 

2080.  (Mt^Uai  1I.S,  lUocli 1074 

20H7.   liilliHliiliM,  (iiilltluT 1074 

2088.  smU'iitariiiM,  I*ot\v 1075 

20H9.  aya,  .Ionian 1075 

2000.  ata'liiatii.>*(l'o(«j; 1670 

2001.  MtriatiLs,  MiiiiaiiM 1077 

Siiliui'iiiiM  ('ha'toiloii 1677 

2002.  capi.'^tnituM,  Liiiiia'iiH 1077 

2093.  liiicfi,  Smith 1078 

(;oiiu.s  000.  Poiiiaraiithiis,  Lai'«'-pt'(l«) 1070 

SuliKitniiH  PoiiiacaiithiiH 1070 

2004.  an  iiat  iih  ( Liiiiiaiis) 1070 

200'..  parii  ( r.locli) 1080 

Siili«<'iiiiH  Poniai'antlioileH,  (Jill 1081 

2000.  /.oiiipcctim  (dill) 1081 

(icniis  001.   Holat'RiitliiiH,  LacC^pt^do 1082 

2007.  passer,  ValBiiciciiiifH 1082 

2008.  rlarioiifiisiH,  (lilbfrt 1083 

2000.   I  ricolor  ( Hlo(!li ) 1  (W4 

U(M>iiH  002.  .\iigt!lit'litliy«,  Jordan  it  Kvoniianii 1081 

2 100.  ciliaris  ( Liniiau.s) 1084 

2101.  i.'^abiilita,  Jordan  \  UutttT 1085 

2102.  iodociLs,  Jordan  \  Uiittor 1080 

Familij  ( 'LX Vl.  /andiiiir I(i87 

(ionuM  003.  /ancliiH,  Ciivier  &  Valcnciennos 10H7 

2103.  cornutiiH  ( Liinia'U.s) 1087 

raiiinii  CLXVII.   TeiithitHiUv 1088 

Genus  (iOl.  'IViitliis,  LinnaMis 1680 

2104.  trio.stc;;us  (LiniiiruH) 1000 

2105.  caTuIciLS  (IMoch  it  Schneider) 1001 

2100.  liepatiiH,  Linnii-us 1001 

2107.  crostonis,  Jordan  it  Starks 1602 

2108.  Itaiiianiis  ((Jastlonau) 1693 

2100.  aliala  (Lesson) 1003 

Genus  065.  Xesurus,  Joi'dan  it  Evcnnaiin 1004 

2110.  pnnctatus  (Gill) .*.....  1004 

2111.  clarlonis,  Gilbert  &  Starks 1605 

2112.  latictavius  ( Valenciennes) 1605 

()KI)Ell  I'C.    Pl.KCTOONATIlI 1696 

SimOKDEK  Sfl.EKODKKMI 1697 

Famili/  CLXVII  I.  Triaeantliidw I(i97 

Genus  660.  llollardia,  Poey 1097 

2113.  holhinii,  Poey 1008 

Family  VLXIX.  Baliittidix I(i08 


XVIII 


CONTENTH. 


Ik 


CLAMS  in.  I'I(;KS— Contlniuul. 

OlIliKK   lilt.    .VrANIMulTKKI      (Ulllliiniltll. 

Ftimihi  CI.X  I X.   /((i{t'/t^'i/(f-'('<Miliiiui«l.  rngo. 

(ii'iiiiH()*l7.  llaliMtrH  (.\i'tcill)  Liiinii'iiM lilUU 

Sllll){tMIIIH  ('ll|lliH(MIM,  ltlltllM<NI|lll<., ITIHI 

•Jin.  |m(I.v1i|iIm,  Stfliuliioliiiir 17(MI 

'Jliri.  iiniirriiKioiii,  Joriliin  &.  StarkH 1700 

'.'I  in.  I'liriiUiM-iiMlH,  ( iini'llii 1701 

2117.  l'oni|mtiiH,  (linnlln 1702 

SllllKtMIIIM  HaliHtt'H 1703 

•JllH.  viitiilii,  MiimiMm 17o;i 

(innm  0(18.  I'lirliyiiiitJiiiH,  Snalimoii 170:i 

•Jl 111.  ciipist rut iiH  (.Sim w) 1704 

(ii'inirt  (UIU.  Clint  liiilcriniH,  Swuiimuii l7ori 

aU'O.  Hobiico,  I'.M«.v 1 70ft 

•-'I'.'l.  Hiitlliiiiifii  ( M ItclillI) 1700 

•-'121!.  iiiiuiiliitiiH  (lUoch)  1700 

2rj:i.  williiKhlM'il  (I,uv  \  Itt'Diictt) 1707 

(ion IIS  070.   Xiiiitliit'htiiyM,  Kuii|) I'OH 

'.'l'J4.  rliinfim  (Liniiii'iiH)  1701) 

212r).  niuiilo  (Jonliiii  \  tlilliert) 1710 

(ioiiiiH  071.  MttliclMli.vH,  SwiiiiiHoii 1711 

2rJ0.  iiiiTiiH  (I'ocy) 1711 

2127.   lliH|llllOMIIH,  (iillKM't 1711 

Fain  ill)  f'/y.V.Y.  Mmtacaiitliitlw 1712 

(iciiim  072.  t'liiitliiTiiH'H,  SwaiiiNoii 17 Ki 

212H.  |iullii.i  (JtHii/.iiiii) 17i:i 

21 '-'O.  rarolii',  .Ionian  &,  McOrc^tor 17111 

(iuniiH07:i.  Miiiiiu^aiithiiH,  (y'livicr 1714 

2130.  rilliilim  (Mitcliill) 1714 

2131.  liiH|ii(liii4  (LiiiiiiiMiM) 1715 

2132.  H|)iloiiol IIH,  ('a>\w 1710 

2133.  i>|t|iiiHiliiN,  I'ocy 1710 

(ioiiim  074.  I'mMiiltiiiiiiiiiicaiitliiiH,  lUi'ckrr 1717 

2134.  aiiiidiioxys  (( 'opo) 1717 

(iviiim  07.').   .Vliiti'ra,  ('iivi«>r 1717 

SiiligeiiiiH  (^'ratacantliiiH,  (iill 1718 

2135.  HclKiplli  ( Walbaiiiii) 1718 

2130.  |)uii('tata,  Aga.sHiz 1718 

Siilt^fiiiiM  O.Hliuckia,  Jorilau  &,  KvtTiiiauii 1710 

2137.  s<ri|ita  (Oxbeck) 17iO 

.Sul)p!iiiiH  \  Iiitera 1720 

2 1 3H.  iiiiiiHMcnis  (()sb(!«k) 1 720 

SUIK (llDKIt  ( )aTII.\((ll)KKMI 1 7'JO 

Familii  CLXXI.  iUtraeiidm 1721 

( ioiiim  070.  Lactopliry H,  .Swaiimoii 1721 

Siib<reiiiiH  UliiiicMoniiiH,  SwaiuHoii 17*22 

2139.  1  liqueter  ( Liiiuauis) 17'J2 

Siib;;()iiUH  CbaiiiiiiiM,  Jurdau  &  Evcriiiaim 17'23 

2140.  bicaiidaiiH  (Liniui'us) 1723 

Subgenus  Lactopbrya , 1 723 

2141.  trigonus  (Liniia'us) 1723 

Subgenus  Acantliostracion,  Uleoker 1724 

2142.  ti'icoriiiH  (Liiiiiieua) 17'24 

SunORDEK  ( I  YMNODONTES 1720 

Familji  VLXXII.  Tetiaodontida- 1720 

(lUuus  677.  Lagocephalus,  S wainsoii 1727 

2143.  bevifjatii.s  (Liimurus) 1728 

2144.  pacLycephaliM  (Uauzaiii) 1728 


HI 


ill! 


CONI'KNTS. 


MX 


..  I  (tug 

..  17(XI 

..  nwt 

. .  1700 
. .  17IM 
. .   1702 

. .  i7o:i 
..  i7oa 
..  noa 

..  1704 
..    1705 

..  i7or) 

..  1700 
..  170« 
..  1707 
...  1708 
...  1700 
...  1710 
...  1711 
...  1711 
...  1711 
...  1712 
...  17ia 
...  17i;« 

...  i7ia 

...  1714 
...  1714 
...  1715 
...  171(1 
...  1710 
.  .  1717 
....  1717 
....  1717 
....  1718 
....  1718 
....  1718 
....  171!) 
....  1711) 
...  1720 
...  IT'JO 
...  17'.'0 
...  1721 
...  1721 
...  1722 
....  1722 
....  I72;» 
....  ]72:i 
....  1723 
....  1723 
....  1724 
.  1724 
.  1726 
..  1726 
..  1727 
..  1728 
..  1728 


Cr.AKH  Ml.  I'lSCKS-Contlniud. 

OlIDKIt   lilt.    Al'ANIIIolTKHI     Colli Iminl. 

Familii  <7,.V.V//.   Tftniiiiloiitiilif    CiMilliiiinl.  Vngv. 

(iciiiiH  niH.  MphiToiilcN,  l,m  riH'tlo I7'.1f 

Siilici'iiiiM  Split'ioJiluM 1731 

214ri.  iiii;:iiMt  li'i>|)M  (.Iniy UN) 173 1 

2140.  liiliatiiH  (Sli'iiMlncliiHtr) 1731 

2117.  n|ifimlt  rl  (lUiM'h) 1732 

■-'UH.  iiiii<iiliitiiK(l«liMli  \  Sclinciilcr) 1733 

.'Uli.  niitrinoratiirt  (Uiin/.iiiii) 1733 

Siiliu«'ini»<'li«'lll<'lill'.NH.  MiHI«r 1734 

21.'iO.  litsliiiliiii'iiM  (l.iniiii'iiN)    1731 

2l.'il.  iiiiiiiiliitiiM  (■(t'liyiiM) t73r> 

21BI((.  pollliiM  ((ilrnril) 1730 

2iri2.  loriiiiiitiiH  (<ii)ntli<M-) 173(1 

2I.')3.  I'mllil  (.Slclndiirlmoi) 1737 

21(44.  lri(li<Mt>phiiliiH  (Cope) 1737 

2ir>r..  pmhyuaHtcr  (Miillrr  *.  Ti-ohcIicI) 173S 

(it'll IIS  (170.  ()v(iiili-H,   r.ui't''|i('il(> I73H 

2150.  or<>tlii/.oii  (.lorilnn  \  (lillioit) 1730 

2ir.7.  m-toMiiH  ( Hum  Smith) 1730 

(  llMIIIH  (WO.  (  'ololllCHIIH,  <  i  ill 1740 

21.''iH.  pHlttiicilH  (MUh-Ii  a  S«Iiiich1i>i) 1740 

Fiimilii  CLXXIll.  i'ntithiiiaitiiidiit 1740 

(IciiiiH  (Wl.  CnntliiuiiMtor,  SwainHoii 1741 

2^0.  piiiK'tatiaHiiiiiiH  ((iiiiillior) 1741 

21(10.  nmtratUH  (IM(wli) 1741 

FiiMil!)  (U.XXI  y.   IHtHhmliiUf 1742 

(i«"iiiiMfl82.  TricliiMUoiliiii,  Itlmkcr .  17-l'i 

2101.  piliiHim  (Milcliill) 1743 

(ieiiim  0S3.  1  (IimIoii,  Liiiiia'iiH 1744 

2102.  liystrix,  LliiiiaiiH 1745 

2163.  liolacaiitliiiH,  Liiinu'iiH 1740 

2104.  iiiariilirur,  Kaiip 1747 

Omiu.s  084.  Cliiloiiiyctorim,  liiliroii 1747 

Siiligfiiim  Cy<'n<'htliy8,  Kaiip 17J8 

2165.  Bcliii'ptI  (Wallmiini) Vi-^r, 

2100.  HpinoHiiH,  Liiiiiu'u.s 1740 

2107.  aiitillariiiii.Jordun  &  Itiitter 1740 

2108.  niitciiiintim  (Ciivior) 1750 

SiiligtMiUH  (JliiloDiycttTim 1750 

2100.  atiii;:rt  ( LiimaMis) 1750 

2170.  califdi'iiioimiH,  Eigoniiiaiiii 1751 

(ioiiiiaOHn.  LyoHplui'ra,  Evorniaiiii  \-  KimkIuH 1751 

2171.  gliiboRa,  Kvurinaiin  tt  Kundall 1751 

Vamilji  CLXXV.  MolitUn 1752 

(iciiiisflSO.  Mola,  Ciivier 1753 

2172.  iiiola(LiiiiiiriiH) 1753 

( ieiiuH  087.  Kan/.aiiiu,  Nardo 1755 

2173.  triim;ata(Uotziii8) , 1755 

SUIIOKDEK  LOKICATI 1750 

Faviily  CLXX VI.  Scnrjufnidce 1 758 

(f 0IHI8  088.  Sebnst«'s,  Ciivier .       1700 

2174.  innriiiiis  (LiiiiiauiH) 1700 

GoniiH  080.  Sebastolobua,  Gill 1701 

2175.  alascaniis,  Beau 1701 

2170.  aUivelis,  (5ilbiTfc 1763 

GeiiiiH690.  SobaHtodea,  Gill 1705 

Subgenus  Emmelaa,  Jordan  &.  E vemiauu 1777 


XX 


CONTKNIS. 


HI' 


f   • 


<'I.AS.S  III     PlHCKS-r'ttnflmnil. 

OliDl'll    Itlt.  Al'ANTMiil'IKIil      ('linlilllli-ll. 

>'(it/i(7j/ '7, A'.V  r/.  Sciivjiiiiiiilif    (,'oiitlnnnil,  Pn(j''. 

'.'177.  i{Ihiiiiim  ;llll>;t<ii(lorf) 1777 

HiiliKi'tiuH  ScliiiKlinli'H 177H 


il7H. 


iliiiii,(illli.rt I77M 


2I7II.   V. I'''i  I'Iki'IKiii*""  >^    l''.lt(<'i)iiiiilili 1771) 


Sill 


JlHO.    |)iiliriH|il||iM  (  V\II' 
lUI'IIIM  SrIlllMlllHIIIIIIIH, 


(illl 


17Hlt 

I7HI 

'.MHI.  Iliivliluft  (AvniK) rni 

'JIH'.'.  H<>rriiiii:lilt'>t,  KI^Hiitiiiiiiii  iV   l''i({i<uiiiuiiii I7M'J 

•JIH.I.  iiH-litiiii|M  (( i h i»i(l) |7H'J 

Siiliuniiim  ri'lriiu^<|iiMa,  Ki^ciiiniiiiii  iV  lliii<Hiin.   I7HII 

•JIHI.  rllliiliix  Crili-Hliiii) l7H;t 

'JIH:..  iiiyHtiiiiiM,  .liiriliiii  .V  Cillii-rl 17H4 

Siilij{i>iiiiM  Aculiiiiifiitiini,  Ki^riiiiiiiiiii  A   llt't'Hoii l7Hr> 

■JIHII.  i'iiIiiiiii'Ijik  (.loriliiii  .V  (illlifrt) 17Hr. 

2IH7.  nil'iiH,  l'.l;:)<iiiiiiiiin  A    Klgt'iiiiiiuin ITHit 

'JIHH.  iiiiu'iloiiiilill  (l''l);i'iiiiiiiiiii  iV  Mt't^HOii) 17Hfl 

•JiH'.t.  lir<vl8iiliilH(n<(iui) 17H7 

•Jimi.  ovftllH  (A.vriM) 17H8 

'.Mill.  itiutMiiiiiiiiiii,  ('raiiHT 17H0 

1!10'J.  liopkliiMl,  Ciiiiiicr 17H1I 

•JlOll.  uliitiiH  (Cillicrl) 170(1 

21U4.  |>nnl(,'ir  (.Innlim  A  (iillmrl) 17ir2 

SiiliK<>iiiiH  Iiosiciila,  •Idi'iliiii  tV  Kvoniiitiiii I7li:t 

'JIlK'i.  piiiiilgcr  (dill) 170:i 

L'lUn.  iiiiiiiiituM  (.lonliiii  .V  (iillM<rt) 17114 

Silli;;oiMiH  /iilopyr,  ilnrdiiii  A-    ICvci'iiiiiiiii 170.'i 


'J107.  atoiiliuiiiiH,  <1(ii'il:in  A   l''.V(ti 


iiiniin. 


17115 


'JI98.  at mriibfiiH  ( i illx^it 17110 

•JlliO.  iilioviroiiH  (.lonliiii  \  OillMft) 171)7 

Siil)|;t'iiih<  K<)H«lia«ti'x,  •Iiinlan  it  Kvcriiiuiiii 170H 

'.".'(HI.  Hii  X  iiolii  (( i  11  l)crt ) . . . 1 79H 


!JOI. 
!'.>l)i;. 


iiiiori,  .1  ordaii 171>l) 


si'iuiciiu'tiiH,  (iilliitrt. 


IHOO 


•J'J03.  illjiloinoii  (( Jilhtit) 1801 

'.'201.  aurora  (nillHTl) IHd'J 


'J'.Miri.  nii'laiioKlDiiiiiM,  Kiguiiiiiaiiii  it  Eii;ouinaiin 18011 

'SMfi.  i 111  roil l;r('i'  (( i  illicrt ) 1 8(i;i 

Suli;;i)Mlls  SiiliastomilB,  (iill 180,"i 


2'.'07.  riihcrriiiiiiH,  Cranicr 


18(1*1 


2'J()8.  coiiMtcllatim  (.Ionian  \-.  (Jilliert.) IHHO 

'J'JdO.  iiiiilirotiiiH  (.lordaii  \  (iilbcrt) 1807 

'J'-'IO.  losaooiin  (< llrard) 1808 

2211.  ayroHfl,  liilliort  \-  Cranifr 18(i8 

2212.  iliodoclilorin  (.lordan  iV  (Jillioit) 1801) 

22111.  cos,  Kigoiiri)aiin  it  lOiKi'iiinatin 1810 

1811 


2214.  gilli,  Kl;;i-iiiiiaiiii  it  I''i{;<>iiiiiaiiii 

2215.  rhlorostictim  (Jordan  it  ({illM-rt) 1811 

2210.  niitt  stri»  (G illtort) 1812 

Siiltycniis  IIlxjiaiiiBcuH,  Craiimr 18111 

2217.  siiicnHiH  (Cilbirt) 181;! 

2218.  /a«'(!ntriiH(( Iilbcrt) 1814 

221!).  ol(ni]L;atus  (  Ajtoh) 181.''. 

1810 


2220.  IcvJH  (Ki<;('niiiann  it  Ki-^cniiianii) 

2221.  rubrivinctiis  (Jordan  it  (iillu-rl) 1817 

iSnb^(<iiii.s  AncloH)>ina,  Ki<;(;nnianii  it  Bt'i-son 1817 

2222.  audculututi  (tiiniid) 1817 


I'l". 


CONIKNTH. 


X.M 


.  1777 

.  177« 

.  I77H 

.  1770 

.  17»t 

.  I7HI 

.  PHI 

,.  17M'2 

..  ITH'i 

,.  17h;i 
..  i7h:i 

.  .    17HI 

..  i7Hr. 
..  i7Hr. 

. .    17H0 

..  i7Hn 

..  17H7 

..  17H8 

..  178U 

..  17H11 

..  170(1 

..  nm 
. .  I7ii:t 

...  17011 
...  17114 
...  179.1 
...  17116 
..  171tB 
...  171t7 
...  170H 
...  170H 
...  1700 
...  IHOO 
...  1801 
...  IHd'JI 
...    18011 

...  ]8ii:i 

...  iHor. 

...  i8(iri 

...  imiti 

. ..  1807 

. ...  1808 

...  18(18 

....  1800 

. ...  1810 

....  1811 

....  1811 

....  181J 

....  18i:i 
....  I8i;i 

....  1814 

...  I8ir. 

....  181(! 
....  1817 
....  1817 
....   1817 


CLASS  III.  IMSCKS -f'niitlmiixl. 

IMlliKK    Jill.   A<  A.MIIiil'IKItl      (illllllllll'll 

/'iiifii/;/ (7. .V.V  r/.  Senriiintutin     CniililKMHl,  I'liUO. 

'.".".''.>>i.  ilullli  (Kiui'lllilillin  .V   llci'Moli) IHIH 

Sllltltl'MIIH  l'tl'l'll|MMlllM,    Klui'lllllllllll  tV    IIOt'HOII I81U 

■.'■i-.':i.  niNriKlllucr  (.liiiiluii  .V  Olllxtrl) 1810 

'J'J'Jt.  cudriMiiM  (Klt'liiirilHiiii)  18'iU 

•txa.  vcxIIIiiiIm  (.loriliiii  A  (illlN<rt) IM31 

r.'-.'O.  iiii)li|{i'r(.ri>r<liiii  .V  lilllM'rt) I8'J-J 

Ti'l'i.  gllliorll,  < 'iHiih  r |M2:i 

■r.'-.'H.  i-iiriiatiiit  (.lurilidi  \  (iillM<r() I8'J4 

Vi'M.  rlir.VMiiiii<'lHM  (.loriliiii  .V  (iillMirt) \Wift 

22:10.  iikIiiiIiiniih  ( A  v rcM) I H'Jfl 

Slll*|{i>llllM  St'llilHt  iriilii  VM.  I  i III M'il 

'.'2:il.  Hi'rrloi<|iM  (.loriliiii  .V.  Cillitrt) 18.'7 

22:1.'.  nluriM  liH'fUH  (.Vynm) 1887 

(ivniiN  (llll.  S«liiii«lo|iiH,  ( i III I8:t5 

22:1:1.  xyi'lH,  .lorilaii  A  (Slllifrt H':.'> 

(ii'iMm  (i02.  litOK'iiloiiiiH.  (i(MNltt  A  Htmii I8:ill 

22:14.  (liK'tyloptt^riiM  (l>i'  Ilk  Koi'liK) 18:i7 

22:15.  iiiikiicrfiiHiH,  (ItMMlK  Si.  Ili'iin I8:i7 

(ionim  (lti:t.  Scuriiiiiiit  (Arlcili)  LIiiiiii'iim ISIIO 

22:10.  aKiiMHi/.il,  (iiMi(l<<  Ik.  Kviin 1840 

22:t7.  crlMtiilulu,  (iwnlr  A  llfuii 1841 

22:i8.  liriiMJIUtiiHls,  Ciivior  A   ValtiiuiuiiiiPM 1842 

22:10.  lilMtrici,  JcnynH 184;i 

2240.  iHiiiiiimii,  ( 'riiiixr 1845 

2241.  KiiHtttii,  (ilriinl 1847 

2242.  pliiralorl,  Itlitcli 1818 

224:1.  iiiyMlcH,  .ronliiii  A  Sturku 18411 

2244.  (|;riiii(ll('i)riiiM,  (Olivier  A   VitlPiifiPiiiu-ii 1850 

2245.  riiHHdiii, •Ionian  A'  Itulliiiiiii 18,'il 

2240.  Hoiioni',  iloiikiim  A'  Kvt'riiianii 1852 

2247.  IiktihIh, 'JiivItT  A  N'aleiirii'iiiifx 185:i 

OeiniM  (i04.   I'diit iiiiiH,  INioy 1854 

2248.  iiiaci'dli'plH,  (ioiHid  A  Boaii 1855 

2240.  raHtor,  I'(K\y 1850 

2250.  polldx.  I'uoy 1857 

2251.  rathliuni,  Odoild  A  Itoaii 1 1857 

2252.  ldiiKU|iiuiM,  <  idddd  A  lli'uii 1858 

225;i.  Mieria  ((jIIImtI) 18.10 

GoiMis  005.  SittarclivH,  •IdhiiHoii 1800 

2254.  iMirinatim,  Goddd I860 

Family  VLXXVII.  Anoplopoinutiihf 1801 

(it'iidH  000.  An(>]ildiioina,  Ay  res 1861 

22.15.  (Idil.ria  ( PullaH) 1862 

(i«iiUH(m7.  KiilfpJK.  Gill 1862 

2256.  zdiiil'cr  ( l,d<kinj;toii, 1863 

Fainiln  <^LXX VII I.  llfxaijntinuihlw 180.') 

Genus  608.   Pled logiainnms,  Gill .   1864 

2257.  inonopteryginH  ( I'nilus) 1804 

Gunu.s  000.  JIuxagraninioH  (Steller)  TilesidH 1860 

2258.  dueuKruninius  (Tallus) 1867 

2250.  O('ton:ranmid.s  (Tallns) 1860 

2200.  stellerl,  TileHiiiR 1871 

2261.  mipoicilioHUS  ( Pallas) 1872 

2262.  lagoeeplmliis  ( Pallas) 1873 

Gt!UdH7(K).  Opliiiiildn.  (iiraril 1875 

2263.  uluugutus,  Giranl 1875 


m 


XXII 


CONTKNT8. 


•I'lif 


CLASS  III.  TISCKS-ConUr.iioil. 

ORDBII   lt:t.    AcANTIIOI'TKKlConUnilcll. 

lamili/  (JIjXXYUL  //exaj/cammu/rt'— Continued.  PaR«- 

OoiiiiB  701.  /nniolepiH,  (Jiniril 1876 

2204.  Intipinnin,  Oiiaril 1870 

2265.  l'ienat.118,  Kifrenniniin 1877 

(Ic-niiH  7(12    ( )x>  IcliidH,  ( ii!l 1878 

226(1.  i)ict  118.  (J ill 1878 

Familii  OLXXIX.  CottUhv 187» 

«Ji'n(iH70X  .lordiinia,  StarliH 1884 

2267.  /.onotm,  .Stalks 1884 

(ioniis  704.  I'aricctllniiB,  Ki;:cniiianii  &.  Kijrcnniann l(*8b 

22(>8.  lu)])liti(^iiH,  ICi^viDiiaiin  \'  Ellgcuniann 1880 

(iiMir.s  705.  A  (;i<l(!a,  .Ionian  &.  Kverniniin 1886 

22(il».  { !<(il>nnii  (( i ilburt) 1887 

Gonus7(M!.  Scorpirniclilliys,  (iirard 1889 

2270.  niannoratuH  (AyrcH) 1889 

Opuiis707.  CbitunotiiH.  Lockinifton 1880 

2271.  iHigi'tensi.s  (.Steindufilimii) 1890 

(ioniLs  708.  Tnrandiclitliya,  Jordan  &  Evennann 1801 

2272.  cavifrons  ((Jilbert) 1891 

2273.  iilaniontosus  (Gilbert) 1892 

2274.  leniiiH  (Gilbert) 1893 

GeniiH  709.  Icolinua,  Jordan 1 894 

2275.  (imbriatus,  Gilbert 1804 

2270.  ociilatuH,  Gilbert 1805 

2277.  boiealifi,  Crilbert 1896 

2278.  «i nadriHcriatus  (Loi^kington) 1897 

2270.  stralio,  Starks 1897 

GenH8  710.   Astrolytos,  .Jordan  \-.  Starks. 1898 

2280.  notospilotHH  (Girard) 1899 

2281.  fenestralia  (Jordan  <;..  Gilbert) 1899 

Genus  71 1.  Arcliistos,  Jordan  &  Gilbert 1900 

2282.  pluniarius,  Jordan  &  Gilbert 1900 

Genus  712.  Artedius,  Girard 1902 

2283.  laterali-s  (Girard) 1902 

2284.  asperulus,  Starks 1903 

Genus  713.  Axyrias,  Starks 1903 

2285.  liarringt^jni,  Starks 1904 

Genus  714.  Artediellus,  Jordan 1905 

228C.  itncinatus  ( Reinliardt) 1905 

2287.  tttlanticus,  Jordan  &  Evermann    1900 

2288.  paciflcus,  Gilbert 1900 

Genus  715.  R.iscariuB,  Jordan  &.  Starks 1008 

•  2289.  ineaqyi,  Jordan  &  Starks 1908 

Genus  716.  Kastrinus,  Jordan  Si.  Evermann 1 909 

2200.  scutiger  (Bean) 1009 

Genus  717.  Icolus,  Kriiyer 1911 

2291.  bicornls  (Keinbardt) 1911 

2292.  spiniger,  Gilbert 1914 

2293.  euryops,  Bean 1915 

2294.  Ticinalis,  Gilbert 1916 

2295.  canaliculatus,  Gilbert 1917 

2290.  .australis,  Eigenniann  &.  Eigcomann 1918 

Genus  718.  Radulinus,  Gilbert 1019 

2297.  boleoides,  Gilbert 1019 

2298.  asprellus,  Gilbert 1020 

Genus  719.  Stelgi.strnm,  .Ionian  &  Gilbert 1921 

2280.  Btejuegori,  Jordan  &  Gilbert » 1921 


I? 


CONTKNT8. 


XXIII 


PaRe. 

''^^m 

...  1876 

^^B 

...  1870 

l^M 

...  1877 

H 

....  1878 

^H 

....  1878 

^^H 

....  1879 

'^H 

....  1884 

'^9B 

....  1884 

^^B 

....  1<'85 

'i^m 

....  1880 

i^H 

....  1880 

'JB 

....  1887 

'JH 

....  1889 

^^B 

....  1889 

:^B 

....  1889 

I^B 

....  1890 

'^B 

....  18U1 

H| 

.  ...  1891 

*^ 

1892 

^ 

1893 

■ti^ 

1894 

:.'| 

1894 

J 

1895 

1 

1896 

1897 

1 
it 

1897 

1898 

i 

1899 

i 

1899 

1900 

1900 

,'■ 

1902 

'i 

1902 

1903 

1903 

' 

1904 

■■; 

1905 

1905 

1906 

1900 

1008 

1908 

1909 

1909 

1911 

1911 

1914 

1915 

'9 

1016 

1017 

^ 

1918 

....  1919 

^ 

....  1919 

* 

...  1920 

1 

....  1921 

i 

....  1921 

i 

CLASS  III.  PISCKS-Continiiwl. 

OiiDKK  HU.  ArANTiioi'TKUi— Contlniiod. 

Vaviily  CLXXIX.  Cottida—CmxUnmil                                                            Page. 
«J«'niis7'J0.  Tiijilops,  noinlianlt 192;! 

2:i()0.  piiigiii,  Koinlinrdt 19'-3 

2;mi1  .  licaui,  Gilbert 1924 

2;t()2.  Hceiiticna,  Gilbert •  102."> 

Genus  721 .  Sternlas,  Jordan  &.  Evermniin 1920 

23o:i.  xeiiostlict  us  (Gilbert) 19"-7 

(ieiiiiH  722.  Piioni.xtiiis,  Ilean 1927 

2301.  inacelliiK  Ilean 1028 

Genus  723.  Klimiirn,  Gilbert ••-  1030 

2305.  lorflcata,  Gilbert 1030 

Genus  724.  Melietes,  Hean 1932 

2300.  i-apilio,  Ilean 1032 

Genus  725.  Ilemilepidotus,  Ciivier 1934 

2307.  Jordan!,  Bean 1934 

2308.  bemilepldotUH  (Tilosius) 1935 

Genu  '  726.  Calycilepidotns,  A yres 1930 

2300.  rtpinosus,  Ayres 1937 

(ienuH  727.  Enopbrys,  Swainson 1037 

Subgenus  Asjiieot tus,  Girard 1938 

2310.  bison  (Girard) 1938 

Subs'.'nus  En()i)brys 1938 

2311.  t'laviger  (Cuvier  &  Valenciennea) 1838 

Geiri8  728.  Ceratocottua,  Gill 1939 

2312.  Incasi,  Jordan  it  Gilbert 1940 

2313.  diceraus  (Pallas) 1040 

Genus  720.  Cottus  (Artedi)  Linnanis 1941 

Sub<^onua  Pcgodicti.s,  liaflnesquo 1944 

2314.  asper,  Ricbardson 1944 

2315.  K"l"«"s  (Girard) 1944 

2316.  evernianni,  Gilbert 1945 

2317.  rbotbeus,  Eosa  Smitb 1940 

2318.  sbasta,  Jordan  &.  Starks 1947 

2310.  punctulatus  (Gill) 1948 

2320.  BPniiseaber  (Cope) 1949 

2321.  ictalops  (Rafincsquo) 1050 

Subgenus  Tauridea,  Jordan  &.  Rico 1952 

2322.  ricei,  Nelson 1952 

Subgenus  Cottus 10r>3 

2323.  onycbus,  Eigenniann  &  Kigcnniann 1053 

2324.  pollioaris  (Jordan  &  Gilbert) 1053 

2325.  cognatus,  Ricbardson 1954 

2326.  perplexus,  Gilbert  &  Evcrmann 10,')5 

2327.  klauialbensis,  Gilbert 1955 

2328.  alcuticu.s,  Gilborf, 1057 

2329.  niiuutus,  Pallas 1958 

2330.  beldingii,  Eigenniann  &  Eigenniann 1958 

2331.  pbilonips,  Eigenmaiin  &  Eigcnniann 1059 

2332.  anna\  Jordan  &.  Starks 19C0 

2333.  spilotui  (Ctpo) 1961 

2334.  loiopoiims,  Gilbert  A;  Everniann 1962 

2335.  princeps,  Gilbert 1962 

Genus  730.  TTranidea,  Do  Kay 1963 

2336.  bendirci  ( Ilean) , 1964 

2337.  greenei,  Gilbert  it  Culver 1965 

2338.  niarginata,  Ilean 1965 

2339.  tenuis,  Everniann  &  Meek 1900 


XXIV 


CONTKNTS. 


CLASS  III.  PICKS-Coiitinuod. 

OitDK.n  lUi.  ArANTiioi'TKiii-  C(>ntiiniP<1. 

Famllji  (HjXXIX.  CotliiUr ~(Unit'mwi\.  Tagci. 

•J.'UO.  fniiikliiu  (A>,'iiHHi') 19<57 

ZiU.  kuiiilifiiii,  llii.v '.1107 

234L'.  giiu'ilis  MIcMkel) li»OH 

2.'I4:(.  fcniiKtaii  (< : irnid) lOtiU 

'2344.  lioy i,  I'utiimii lOflO 

(iriiiin7;il.  Myoxocephiiliis  (Sfolln)  TilcsiiiH 1970 

Snliycniis  Acnntliocottiis,  (lirmd 1071 

'Jiun.  biilmliM  (KupliiusiMi) 1071 

2340.  ii'iutis  (M  i  tvlilll) 1072 

2347.  s((»ri)ioi«lf8  (Fiibriciim) 1073 

2348.  HcorpiiiM  (Liiiiiii'iis) 1074 

2349.  {iniMilniHliciis  ((Jiivicr  \-  Valoiicii'iiiioH) 1974 

;:350.  <i(^to<lcciiiis]iiiiosu.s  (Milcliill) 1070 

Sul>ii;rr.iiH  ^[yoxoci'pliuliiH 1970 

2351.  ])(>lyii(Miiitluu'oi)1iiiIii8.  I'lilliis 1070 

23.')2.  .ia)k  (Cuvicr  &  Valeiicicnuoa) 1077 

2353    vcrnicosus  (Heaii) 1970 

23,54.  .ixillaria  (Gill) 1080 

2355.  HlcUtMi,  Tilosiiis 1981 

2350.  inediiius,  B.  A.  I'.can 1983 

2357.  iiivosiiM  (l[i'r/,('iisteiii) 1084 

2.158.  iiijjiT  ( IJeaii) 1985 

Gt>iniH732.  Alfgalocottii.s,  (lill 1087 

2350.  iilatycoiilialiis  (Pallas) 1087 

2300.  luliceiLS  (( ; ilbcit ) 1088 

(iciiiis  733.   Zr.sticcliis,  .ToiVlaii  &.  Kvi'rniaiiii 100(1 

2301.  iiroCiiiuloruin  (Cilbtrt) lOilO 

(icir.is  734.  l)n.syc()ttns,  I'.oaii 1091 

2302.  sctigtT,  ISeaii 1001 

Gflius735.  Cottmifnliis,  Collt^tt 1902 

2303.  iiiicroim,  GolUitt 1002 

2304.  llioiiKsoiiii  (Giinllicr) 1993 

Genus  730.  Malacocottiis,  P.can 1904 

2ri05.  /.oiiunis,  Bean 1904 

Genus  737.    Ai'iryrocotlim,  Iferzenstcin 1905 

2300.  /undcri,  Ilerxenslein 1095 

Giniis  738.   I'oioeol tiis,  Gill 1090 

2307.  sellaiis  (Gilbert) 1900 

2368.  quadiiitus,  15.  A.  Hean 1998 

2300.  polaiis  (Sabine) 1898 

2370.  (iiiadiililis,  Gill 1099 

2371.  tentaciilatiis  (Ivner) 2000 

Genus  750.  Gncocot ins 2000 

2372.  (lundricornis  ( LinnaMis) 2001 

2373.  liexac()rnis(Ki<'lianl.s()n) 2002 

Genus  740.  Trij^lopsis,  Girard 2005 

2374.  tlioinpKoni,  Girartl 2005 

(icnus  741.  <iyninoeanthus,  Swainson 2000 

2375.  pistilliger  ( I'alla.s) 200U 

2370.  tricuspi.^*  ( Ucinlianlt) 2008 

2377.  Kaleatus(l$oan)   2010 

Genus  742.  Lcioeottua,  Gti. '(l 2010 

2378.  birun.lo,  Girard 2011 

<!enus  743.  Leptocitttus,  (Jirard 2011 

2379.  arnmtus,  Girard 2012 

Genus  744.  Clinocottus,  Gill 2012 


i!i-Ji 


IIS 


CONTENTS. 


XXV 


CLASS  Til.  TISCES— Continued. 

OiUiKB  JU».  At  ANi'iKiiiTKiii  -Continiiwl. 
Famili/  (U^XXIX.   Cottido- -Coutimwd. 
'JHWI.  ininlix  ((Jiriinl) 


•iiK«>. 
•JOl'J 


(ieiiii!*  iini.  JNiiiitlsi'iis,  .Miniau  iv  ivvcriiiiiiiii _iiiu 

2'iM.  jiriliilovius,  .Ionian  \- (iillxTt 2010 

(ioims  751 .  Nail t  icht h ys,  ( i irartl 'JO'.'O 

2:tHi).  oculofa.'Jciutiis  (( iiranl) 2021 

(icinm  7r)2.  rica,  Jordan  \-.  E verniann 2021 

2:t!)0.  inannorata  (Mean) 2021 

.lenns  7.')3.  llt'initriittcruH,  Cu vicr 2022 

2301 .  anioiira nun  (( ! nii'lin ) 202;» 

2;ti)2.  cavifrons,  Lockinston 20211 

Conns  754.  Syncliirus,  Ht'an 202;i 

2:i0:t.  jiWU,  lioan 2024 

<icnu.s  7.'')5.  Asrfili<'litli_v8,  Jordan  vV  (iilbci't 2024 

2;{1I4.  rliodoruH,  Jordan  \-  (iilbcrf 2025 

Goiins  750.  I'HyrliroliitcH,  Giinthor 2025 

2:t05.  paradoxus,  (liinllier 2020 

Cenns  7.")7.  (iillicrtina,  Jordan  \  Starks 2(r27 

2:i»C.  sigtdnlfs,  Jordan  \  Starks 2028 

Fa milii  < 7> AA'.Y.   7i"(( itiplinvnttldw 2020 

'itMiiis  7.')8.  Kani])lio('oltus,  (iiintlicr 20:iO 

2:i97.  ricliardsoni,  (iiintlu'r 20:!0 

Famili/  CLXXXL  Aijonldw 20H1 

(jonns  759.  Pereis,  Scoimli 2033 

2;i9S.  Japonic  us  ( 5'allas) 2034 

Genus  700.  Aj;ononiaIus,  Guiclnnot 2030 

239'.t.  iirolioHcidalis  ( Valenciennes) 2037 

Genus  7(>l.  Hypsajjonns,  (Jill 203S 

2400.  <|uadricornis  (Cnvier  \-.  A'aleiudcnnes) 2038 

(renus  702.  Stellerina,  Cramer 2041 

2401.  xyosterna  (Jordan  it  ('iill)ert) 2042 

Goiius  '(03.  Occa,  Jordan  »t  E verniann 2043 

2402.  verrucosa  ( Lockinjjlon) 2043 

2403.  dodecaedron  (Tilesius) 2044 

Geuns  704.  IJracliyopsis,  Gill 2040 

2404.  rostral  us  (Tilesius) 2040 

2405.  He};;alicnsis  (Tilesius) 2048 

tJenus  705.   I'allasina,  Cramer 2048 

2406.  barliata  (Steindacliner) 2040 

2407.  aix,  Starks 2050 

GoiiUH  700.  Leptayonus,  ( iill 20.")2 

2408.  rtecagonuH  (Hlocli  \.  Sciineider) 20,V2 

Genus  767.  Podot lieeus,  Gill 2054 

2400.  accipitor,  Jordan  &,  Starka 2055 


W: 


::i'' 


i!i 


Sir' 


XXVI 


CONTENTS. 


CLASS  III.  PISCES— Continued. 

Urdeii  lilt.  AoANTiioPTEUi— ContinncMl. 

Familji  CLXXXI.  Aiioniil<e—VM\\i\n\wii,  Page. 

2410.  Iianilini,  Jonlun  it  Gilbert 2OS0 

2411.  Kilbertl(CoIlett) aa^S 

2412.  thoiniiHoni,  .Tonliin  &.  Oillmrt 2000 

21i:i.  iiiiiii'DseriniiH  (TiltHiiiH) 2001 

2414.  veternim,  .roriliiii  \-  Sfaiks 20ti:t 

(leiiimVOS.  Agoniis,  lllorh  \.  Selimider 20(14 

241.').  ciiJapliractus,  Liniiiius 2005 

OeiiiiH  709.  Sti^lgm,  Cranuir 2007 

241(t.  \iilsuH  (Jorilaii  &.  Gilberl) 2007 

(Siinim  770.  Avorrimcus,  Jordan  iV  Starku 2000 

2417.  oniiuelano,  Jordan  &  StarkH 2060 

2418.  stcrlehm,  Gilbert 2071 

Genus  771.  Sarritor,  Crniner 2072 

2410.  frenatuH  Gilbert 2073 

242(1.  leptorbyncu.s (Gilbert) 2075 

Genus  772.  X.vstes,  Jordan  &  Starks 2(170 

2421.  axinopliry.s,  Jordan  \  Starks 2076 

<ienns77;t.  Hatliyaj^onus,  (iilbeit 2077 

2422.  iiiKripinnis,  Gilbert 2078 

(!nnu8  774.  .\eno<'liiruH,  (Jilbert ..  2070 

242;j.  pontaeanlbus,  Gilbert 2080 

2424.  alaseanim,  Gilbert 2081 

2425.  latlfrons,  Gilbert.... 2082 

2420.  triaeantlius,  Gilbert 2084 

Genus  775.  Odontojtyxis,  Ii(>ekin;:t(in 2085 

2427.  trispinosiiH,  Lo(^kinjj;ton 208') 

Genus  770.  IJotliragonns,  G ill 2080 

2428.  swanii  (Steindaeliner) 2080 

Genus  777.  Aspidoi)lioroid(!s,  Laeepedc 2088 

SubffenuM  ITlcina,  Cramer 2089 

2429.  olriki,  Liitktn 2089 

2430.  guntlieri,  Uean 2090 

24;tl.  nionopterygiiis  ( I'Jocli) 2001 

24:t2.  bartoni,  Gilbert 2002 

Subgenus  A no]ilagonu8,  Gill 2093 

2433.  inerniis,  (iiiutlier , 2093 

Familji  CLXXXII.  Cyclopirridw 2094 

(Jenu8  778.  Cyeloptorus  (.Vrtedi)  LinnaMis 2090 

2434.  lunipus,  Liniiaus 2090 

Genus  779.  Kuniicrotrenius,  Gill 2007 

243.^>.  spinosiis  (^^ill(^r) 2098 

2436.  orbis  (Giintber) 2099 

Genus  780.  Letlirotrenius,  Gilbert 2100 

2437.  niutieus,  (;ilbert 2101 

2438.  vinolentus,  Jordan  &  Starks 2101 

Genus  781.  Cycloi)teroide8,  Garinan 2102 

2439.  gyrinops,  Garnian 2102 

Genus  782.  < 'jxloi)terielit hys,  Stcinilacliner 2103 

2440.  ventricosus  (I'allas) 2104 

Genus  783.  Li]>arops,  Garinau 2104 

2441.  stelleri  (I'allas) 2104 

Famili/  (' LXXXIII.  TAparUUdw 2105 

Genus  784.  Neoliparis,  Steindaeliner 210C 

2442.  atlanticHs,  Jordan  it  Everniann 2107 

2443.  ru tt eri,  (iilbcrt  &.  Snyder 2108 

2444.  callyodon  (i'allas) 2111 


CONTKNTS. 


XXVII 


.  2U5G 
.  2058 

.  '2ono 

.  '2001 

.  20o:» 

..  2004 

.  2005 

..  2007 

..  2007 

..  2ocn 

..  2009 
..  2071 
. .  2072 
..  2(173 
..  2075 
..  2070 
..  2076 
..  2077 
.  2078 
..  2079 
..  2080 
..  2081 
...  2082 
...  208 t 
...  2085 
...  2085 
...  2080 
. ..  2080 
...  2088 
...  2089 
...  2089 
...  2090 
...  2091 
2092 
.  2093 
,  2093 
.  2094 
.  2(190 
.  2090 
.  2097 
.  2098 
.  2099 
.  2100 
.  2101 
.  2101 
.  2102 
.  2102 
.  2lo:t 
.  2104 
.  2104 
.  2104 
.  2105 
.  210C 
.  2107 
.  2108 
..  2111 


CLASS  III.  IMSCKS— Coiitlnacil. 

()hi>i;k  lUJ.  .VrANiiioi-rKiM  -Coiitiiiiioil. 

Family  CLXX X III-  /.(><«» i(it(/(»'—C'ontiiiiu'«l.  l'a);i>. 

2445.  iiiiicosiis  ( .\ yr<n) 2111 

2440.  Horn',  Jiirdaii  \  Stiirku 2111 

2447.  jjrcfni,  .xinlaii  it  StjirkH 2112 

2448.  ti.>(.MUiat iiM,  Slaiks 2113 

<;niiii.s  785.   I,i|(ari!-     iitt-ili)  Scopoli 2114 

Sulifjcnii.s  I.ipari.-* 2110 

2449.  li|iiiiiH  (I<iliiia'U.s) 2110 

245(1.  cvfloiMiH,  (Jiintlicr ' 2118 

2451 .  liKTiisiH,  ( 1  illn  it 2110 

2452.  liinicatiiM,  KtiiiiliartU 2120 

2453.  «;,'aH8i/.ii,  I'litimiii 2121 

2454.  liiTSclii'liiiiis,  St'olicld 2123 

2455.  (lenii.vi,  ilordaii  A  Slarks 2124 

_450.  <;,vtloH(i}{ina,  (iilbtTt 2125 

Suhnoiiiis  Lydliparis,  Jonlaii  &  Kvcrniaiin 2120 

2457.  iiuIiliclliiH,  A.vrtH 2120 

Sul){{<'iiiiH  .Vctiiiochir,  Gill 2127 

245H.  major  ((1  ill) 2127 

GoinLs  780.  natli.vi>lia.sma,  Gilbert 2128 

2459.  ovJKcrmn,  G ilbfrt 2128 

GitiiiiH  787.  (JaroproctiLs,  Kriiycr 2129 

Siib{:oiiii«  Caroiiiilra,  Jorilaii  -t  Kvernuuiii 2131 

2400.  HiliiUN,  Gilbert 2131 

Subf;<^uu.s  Curopnx't  lis 2131 

2401.  coUotti,  tiilbirt 2131 

2402.  pbasiiiu,  Gilbt-rt 2132 

2403.  spoct riiiii,  Bean 2133 

2464.  reinlmr(li(Kriiyer) 2133 

2465.  ranuiii  (Gmxle  &.  Bean) 2134 

2406.  osti'ntuin,  ( Jilbert 2134 

2407.  {jolatinosiirt  (Tallas) 2134 

Subjjciiiis  Allocliir,  Jordan  &.  EvtTiiiann 2135 

24t')8.  , iielamirus,  <! ilbert 2135 

SiibjjoiiM.s  Alliints,  Jordan  &.  Evfrinann 2130 

2409.  oetcnoa,  Gilbert 2130 

Gei'u.H788.  GyriuiclithyH,  Gilbert 2137 

2470.  niinytremus,  Gilbe;t 2137 

Genus  789.  Amitra,  Goode 2138 

2471.  liparina,  Goodo 2138 

GenuH  790.  BaralipariH,  (J(dl<tt 2139 

Siib;;on IIS  I'aralijtari.s 2140 

2472.  lioloiiielas,  G ilbert 2140 

Siibgemis  Aiuitrielilhys,  Jordan  &.  T'verinaiin 2141 

2473.  eepbaliisf,  Gilbert 2141 

2474.  ro.saceus,  Gilbert 2142 

2475.  niento,  Gilbert 2142 

2476.  eopei,  Goode  &  Bean 2143 

2477.  dartylosiis,  Gilbert 2144 

Siil)geniis  Hilgendorlia,  Goode  &  Beau 2144 

2478.  ulochir,  Gilbert ..  2144 

Genus  791.  Ubinoliparis,  Gilbert 2145 

2479.  barbuliler,  Gilbert 2145 

ScnoRDEll  CUANIOMI 2146 

Family  OLXXXIT.  TriglUhc 2147 

Genus  792.  rrionotiis,  Laci'pi'de 2148 

iSub|j;euu8  Lrurutti'dua,  Joi'dau  >)i.Evenaaim 2152 


.11 


XXVIII 


CLASS  III.  PICKS— (rontlniud. 


CONTKNTM. 


OuiiKK  Hit.  AcANTiioi'i'Kiti— (!oii»inueil. 

Familii  OLXXXJ  V.  7Vij//»(/a'— (/'oiilliiuml. 
2480.  liiroHtiutim 


I'age. 

,.  'J151! 


24!»:i.  «»iilir.vaM,  Jonlaii  &.  Swiiiii 21(i4 

24114.  sti'iinisi,  i) ordaii  \  Swain 21  (if! 

2405.  Htri;;atiiH  (Ciivicr  \-.  Valeiiciciiiifs) 21  (i7 

249(i.  «nolaiis(Liimiiiis) 21(i8 

2497.  imiiclatiiM  (niocli) 2100 

24118.  lumiiii,  Oooile 2170 

241>9.  t ribiilus  (Cii vioi) 2171 

2500.  liorroiiH,  Uiclianlsoii 2172 

(itMiiis  70;t.  Hcllator,  •Ionian  \-.  Kvcnuann 217H 

2501.  niilitaris  ((lixxlo  \-  IJean) 21711 

2502.  «i;trel«a(('io(Hle  A  Beim) 2174 

(1UI1U.S  794.  Clielidonlclilliya,  Ivaiip 2175 

S.'iO.'l.  |)i(!ti|)iMni8  (Ivaup) 2175 

(ioiiUH  705.  'I'rigla  ( Arlodi)  LinnauiH 217(1 

2504.  cMicnliis,  l.innii'UH 2177 

Familij  VI. XXX  V.  I'eristediUUv 2177 

(ienns  790.  I'eristedion,  Lact'-jit^dc . .  2178 

2505.  niMiiat iini,  Goodn 2178 

2500.  loiigispathtini,  (ioodc  &.  I'ean 2178 

2!J07.  gracilo,  (Joode  \-  IJoan 2170 

2508.  platycoplinl""'.  <J<'<>dt'  a  I'.can 2180 

Gunus  797.  VitLsii^uluH,  .lordau  \'.  Evrrniunn 2181 

250:i.  iniborbis  (Poc.v) 2181 

Family  CLXXXVI.  <  'eitUaliwanthuht; 2182 

Geiiuij  708.  Coi)lialacantliU8,  Laci'-pMo 218;t 

2510.  volitaiiii  ,i.iiuuiL'iiH) 2181! 


4 


'  11; 


llili't 


r«g«. 

.  'J15'2 

.  '-ir.;i 
.  2ir>4 
.  2ir>r) 

.  2160 
.  215(1 
.  2157 
.  215H 
.  2151) 
.  2100 
.  21fi0 
.  2K11 
..  2Hil 

..  2i«;; 

..  2104 
..  2104 
. .   21fili 
.  .  21<)7 
..  2ir.8 
. .  2100 
..  2170 
..  2171 
..  2172 
..  217:t 
..  21711 
..   2174 
..  2175 
...  2175 
..   2170 
...   2177 
...  2177 
. .  2178 
...  2178 
...  2178 
...  21711 
...  2180 
...  2181 
...   2181 
...   218-J 
...  218;i 
...  218;i 


LIST   OF  NEW  NAMES. 


I'll*)  foUowiiij;  is  a liHtoC  tln'  i>»iin'iir,  snl>K«n»'nc,  H|to(ii)i<!,  mikI  HiibBpocilu; 

I  iiiinics  which  appuiir  iis  new  in  I'ait  II  of  thy  prosi-iit  work: 

l'iiK«'. 

j  I'DiniHliisiH  bayaniiM,  Jordiiii  \  Kv<>nimnii i;i31 

(Icins  miibrvx,  ilonlnii  A:  Starkx i;i71» 

.Nilirm  /e.stii.s,  Joriliin  \-  Sturks 1417 

l.iiiijniiHciriilyens,  (JilluTt 1421 

I,;iriiiiiiM  ai'diviiH,  Jorilaii  \-.  Hrislol 1422 

odmiloscion  xniitliopH,  (iill)urt 142fl 

NiTlor,  .rordiiii  &.  ICvurinnnii 14;t2 

/<•»!  i.s,  ( I ilbort 1 4:tl) 

/.(  st itiiuin,  Gilbert n;iO 

.sti'llirJirciiH,  (iillMM't 14Ult 

.si  tllifir  illocebroHiiH,  ( J  ilbort 1442 

Sti'lli Iff  /.('stocanis,  ( i ilhert 1445 

Siniminis,  (lilbort 1440 

( )iiliio.Mfi(in  Hiiiiulu.s,  Gilbert 1440 

I'm nilonthuriis  yooiloi,  G ilbert 1480 

.\/.iiriim,  Jonluii  &  McCircjior 1514 

A /uriiia  liinmdu,  Jurdaii  it  ^fcGnij;!)!- 1544 

liidio  Uirscliii,  Jordiiii  &,  Even""'ui 15118 

F(ircil>iger,  Jordan  &  AI«'Gro;;or 1071 

Kiirciiiijicr  tlaviaHimiiH,  Jurdaii  \-.  .McGrogor 1071 

.Vii;it'liclithyn  isiibclita,  Jordan  &,  Uiittur 1085 

( Jiiiit  licriius  carolu',  Jordan  it  M(;(  1  ri'gor 1 7i;j 

KmiiK'la.s,  Jorilan  &  Everniann 17G5 

Klines  viola,  Gilbert H8C 

Scliastodi^!*  alcutianus,  Jordan  it  Everniann 1795 

Sfbastodt's  atrorubens,  Gilbert 1700 

.StOiastode.s  niit7.iiknrii,  Cramor IStll 

Alcidoa,  Jordan  it  Evorniann 1880 

.Vrcbistes,  Jordan  &  G ilbort 1900 

A ri'b isles  pluniarius,  Jordan  &  G ilbert 1900 

Artedifllua  atlaiiticuH,  Jordan  &.  Everinann 1900 

UadnlinuH  bolooidep,  Gilboi  t 1919 

Stclgi.struni,  Jordan  it  Gilbert 1921 

Stulgistrum  atejn'.geri,  Jordan  &.  Kvermann 1921 

Sternias,  Jordan  it  Kvorniann 1926 

Ctu-ato('ottii8  lueasi,  Jordan  &  Gilbert 1940 

I 'ranidea  grcenei,  Gilbert  <t  Cnl  i-er 1 965 

Myoxocophalus  niednius,  1?.  A.  Ilean 1983 

I'orocottnH  quadratits,  15.  A.  Bean 1998 

( Ixycottus,  Jordan  &  Kvermann 2015 

Nautiscua,  Jordan  it  E vermaun 2019 

(XXIX) 


XXX 


LIST  OK  MBW   NAMK4. 


Vanv. 

Nautisoim  pribilovins,  Jonlnii  J^  (iilltort 2019 

Occa,  Jontuu  &  K veriiiaii  ii 204U 

PiMlotlieouM  Imtnlliii,  •lunluii  \.  ( ■  illxTt 2UM 

I'udothuciiH  tlioiupsoui,  Jorilan  &.  Oilbort 2000 

AvumiiicuH  8t)<rlet iim,  Gilbert 2071 

Noolipnrla  atliintiouD,  Jiinlnn  iV  Kvuriimiin 2107 

Neolijiarls  rut teri,  Oilbort  &.  Siiytlor 2108 

LiparU  I'.orsolicUiiim,  Scolb-bl 2123 

(iiirnitriliiH,  Jordan  A-  Everiiiaim 2UK 

MuruliuiiH,  Jordau  &.  Evurmauu 2148 


llil 


Ii 


■w 


^ 

P. 

■liini 


.  VOIU 

. .  '^04:1 

,.  2050 
. .  20»H) 
..  2071 
..  2107 
..  210B 
..  212U 
..  2UH 
..  2148 


The  Fishes 


or 


NORTH    AND    MIDDLE    AMERICA. 


BY   DAVIU  STARK   JORDAN   AND   BARTuN   WARRKN   EVliRMANN. 


PART    II 


Class  PISCES— Continued. 
Subclass  TELEOSTOMI— CoiitiiiutHl. 

Order  ACANTHOPTEIU—Contimied. 
Group  Tercoidea — Coutiuued. 

SrARIFOR3I  VERCOIDS 

(With  Hht'utliiu<;  maxilliiry  and  dovcloped  axillary  vcutral  soalon.) 

Family  CXLIX.  LUTIANID.E. 

(TlIK   SNAPI'KHS.) 

Body  oblonji;  or  more  or  less  elevated,  covered  with  nioderate-sizod 
adherent  acales,  which  are  more  or  less  strongly  ctenoid  or  almost  cycloid.  * 
Lateral  line  well  developed,  concurrent  with  the  back,  not  extending  ou 
the  caudal  lin.  Head  large,  the  crests  on  the  skull  usually  largely  devel- 
oped. No  suborbital  stay;  mouth  moderate  or  large,  usually  terminal, 
low  and  horizontal.  Premaxilluries  moderately  protractile,  their  spines 
not  extending  to  the  occiput;  maxillary  long,  without  supplemental  bone, 
for  most  of  its  length  slipping  under  the  edge  of  the  preorbital,  which  forms 
a  more  or  less  distinct  sheath,  its  form  essentially  as  in  the  Serraiiidw; 
teeth  various,  unequal  and  sharp,  never  incisor-like,  some  of  them  some- 
times molar;  vonier  and  palatines  usually  with  villiform  teeth,  these 


*  This  k  ;couiit  of  this  fiimily  and  the  other  allien  of  tlio  Sparidm  is  ba^ecl  on  a  prelimi- 
nary review  of  tlio  Sparidce  by  Jordan  &  Fosler,  iu  lleport  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  1889  to 
1891,  publislied  iu  1893,  421  to  544,  plates  28-02. 

3030 1  1241 


124li  IhiUctin  /7,  Unitai  Slati's  National  Museum, 


i 


NoiiuttiiiioH  iiioliir,  Hoiiiuthium  vury  miiiiiII,  HometiiiKM  waiitiiiK;  lowor  |ihar- 
yii};«HlH  Htqiiiriito;  ){illH  1,  a  Mlit  bcUiiid  th«  I'ourtli;  pHiMiiUiliriiiK^liiir  Itiigu; 
^ill  riik«>i'8  iiuMlttriito  or  lon^.  hIoimIoi';  ^ill  inoiiiliniiios  Nopuriitts  frvo  from 
tliu  iitthroiiM.  Pruo|)«<rcle  H«rrat«)  or  entire;  oporclcH  without  Hpirius;  HideH 
of  hi'tul  UNiiiilly  Hcaly.  DorNikl  liii  Hliiglo,  coiitiuiioiiH,  or  (l<>e]ily  notched, 
HomutiinoH  dlvidt'd  into  two  llnii,  thoHpincH  UHunlly  Htron({,  depruMHJIdu  in 
It  groove,  the  HpineH  hfteruciintlioiiH,  that  Ih,  alteriinting,  the  on(^  Htnui^fr 
on  tho  rl^^lit  Hide,  th«i  otlior  on  tho  left,  tliu  HpiiioB  W  to  12  In  niiniher. 
Anal  tin  Hiinilar  tomd't  dorttai  and  witli  throoHpiiit^H;  vontral  llnH  thoracic, 
till-  rayH  1,5,  witli  a  more  or  less  diHtinot  Hcaltdilcu  apiieiiila^e  at  Imiho; 
rautial  (in  UHually  morn  or  Iuhh  concave  1>eliind.  Air-hluddur  ]>n>Nent, 
UMualiy  Hinijdo.  IntoHtinal  canal  short.  Pyhiric  co'ca  lew.  Vertcbric 
UHually  10  i  M--2I.  No  distinct  tiibcrclcN  from  tiie  cranium  for  tlie 
articulation  of  thecpi)diaryngcal  boucH;  pularjj;ed  apophynca  for  tho  articu- 
lation of  iMiltitine  and  jtroorl))*::!  uouch;  anterior  i  vcrtebnc  witliout 
jtarapophyNeH.  Tlic  family  coniprises  about  20  f^enora  and  some  2.')()  spc- 
cica,  cliiutly  inhabitinjr  tlie  nhorcH  of  warm  regions.  All  of  them  arc 
valned  aa  food,  and  all  ari^  active,  oarnivorouH,  and  voracioua.  The 
^roup  is  closely  related  to  the  Serranidtv  on  tho  one  liand,  and  to  the 
Ilaviiilidtr  on  the  other.  {I'ereUUr,  part,  genera  MtHopriou,  FAdin,  etc., 
Giintlicr,  Cat.,  i;  JIoploptujriiKv,  Lutianiiuv,  Ifeiitieimv,  aud  Xeniclithi/inw, 
Jordan  A  Fealer,  /.  c,  '131-4Li).) 

IloCLDCAQRIN^K: 

(I.  Vomer  with  teeth. 

6.  Nostrils  reiiioto  from  ench  other,  the  anterior  tiiliulnr,  nenrtlieeiulof  the  Hiioiit ; 
voineriiiu  teoth  coiirHU,  iiiolnr;  t«uth  in  jiiWH  large,  tlie  lateral  teeth  molar, 
(hIoiU  »h  in  Lutiaiiiiiii'). 
c.  Vomer  with  about  3  coarse  molar  teeth;  (lorsal  Hpinett   10;  Hcalos  large ; 
Killrakers  few;  no  teeth  on  jiidatlneH  or  on  tongue;  lower  phar.vngeitl.s 
narrow,  witli  sninil,  eonival  teeth.  llniM.ui'Aiiui's,  .V.i3. 

bb.  Nostrils  near  together,  ]>larcd,juHt  bol'ore  eye,  tlie  anterior  not  tubular;  vomer- 
ine teeth  villil'orni,  tlie  patch  /,,  /^,  or  0-fiha|H;(l;  teeth  in  Jaws  uU  uuutOi 
no  ineisorM  or  molars. 
d.  Palatines  with  teeth;  teeth  in  jaws  strong,  more  or  less  uneiiiml. 

LCTIANIN/K: 

c.  Interorbital  area  not  llat  nor  se|iarato(l  from  the  occipital  region,  the 

nu-diau  and  lateral  (Tests  procurrent  on  it,  and  the  frontal  iiar 

rowed  forward;  dorsal  tin  coctiuiious,  the  sjtineK  not  separated  by 

a  notch  from  the  soft  rays. 

/.  Trefrontals  with  tlie  articular  facets  arising  from  diverging 

V-sliuped  ridgei'     basi-sphuunid  with  an  anterior  lobiform 

extension;  soft  dorsal,  and  anal  scaly;  dorsal  spines  lOorll 

(in  American  species);  tongue  with  teeth  (at  least  in  adult 

examples). 

g.  Fronto-occipital  crest  ceasinK  anteriorily  far  from  front  of 

frontal;  prefrontal  with  posterior  areas  ini])reBsed,  long, 

and  cril^riforiii;  no  pterygoid  teeth;  caudal  liu  lunate; 

gill  rakers  rather  few,  shortish. 

h.  Top  of  head  scaled;  parietal  irest  continent  anteriorly 

with  the  fronto-occipital  crest;  preopercle  with  a 

deep  notch,  into  which  a  projection  from  thointcro- 

pcrcle  tits,  this  character  most  marked  in  the  adult. 

EvorLiTKs.  524. 


13. 


Jordan  ami  livcrmann.— Irishes  of  North  Aimrua.     1213 


MM- 


hh.  Top  of  lii'iiil  iiikkoil :  iili  <>lilti|tii>  biillil  ol'  Nriilfs  nn  t-iti'li 

hIiIk  of  llll|l«;    |>lll'iu(lll  Cl'Cnl  lint  I'lllllllH'Ilt  Wllll  t  llll 

l'r<iiitii<H'('i|iiliil  urcMt,  I'll  her  I'ailliiu  uwiiy  iiiitv- 
I'Iki'I.v  or  niniiliit;  Intn  tint  iH'iilar  riiii;  )iri'<i|wri'li) 
witli  II  mIiiiIIow  iiutcli  III'  (iiiiar)(iiiiilloii  mily. 

Nk.iim  knih,  rrjr>. 

Froiiti)-<M'*'i|itliil  cri'Hl  oonliinioil  I'orwiii'il  aloiiu  top  ot'  licail 

to  iK'iii'ly  nppoHiti'  iiomIi'IIh^  pri'l'i'oiituU  wllli  llio  poH- 

ifi'ior  iii'iii  mIhii'I,  t'xiiiviitt'tl  iiliovo  anil  in  trmit. 

i,  (llll  rakrin  Nlmrt  anil  t'lnv.  altoiit  lit;  anal  (in  lout;  |*<><I 


low,  Mm  lavH  111,  10  or  11. 


Kaiiiiiciiia,  r>'jn. 


it.  (till  raki>rM  Ion};  anil  iiiiinoroiiM,  aliiiiit  'J.'i ;  anal  ratln-r 
lil^'li,  itH  ra\H  III,  l>:  pti'ry;;olil  tritli  pii'Mi'tit  (In 
tlio  ailiilt)  In  a  narrow  liiinil ;  rainlul  liii  vury  ili'i<|ily 


loi'ki'il. 


Orvrurs,  .'■i"27. 


//.  I'rul'roiitals  with  llio  artlnilar    I'arrtH  ilrvi'lupiMl    iVoiii   «lnipli' 

Inlii'i-rlrM  anil  not   V-Hliapi-il;    liiiMlHplii'iiiilil  not  iolii;;i'ruiiH; 

raniiirM  Minall ;  Nol't  rays  of  ilorsal  III  or  II. 

j.  rn'trontaU  with   tho  pontitrior  ari'im  I'rihril'orin ;   ptoryKoiiU 

with  a  liroail  patrli  ot  troth  (Inailiilt);  hyoiil  honi'S  anil 

ton;;uo  with  truth;  ranilii'H  vitv  Kiiiall  or  nlmoli'tr ;  ilorHal 

Npini-H  IL' (or  IM);  Hol't  iliii-Hal  anil  anal  sonii'what  Hrali'd; 

tup  of  lu'iid  Hculuil   to   but'oro  iiiidillr  ut'i'yi';   Killrakum 

nuini'roiiM.  Kiidmiioi-mtkh,  .''I'JH. 

jj.  I'n'frontaU  with  tho  jmntorior   ari'iis   Moliil   anil   Honti'what 

tniniil;  pti'r.v  K'li'l'^i  hyolil  lioin-,  anil  tonK>i'>  loothluHi';  dor- 

Hill  HpiueH  10;  soft  dorHal  iiud  uuitl  huuU-I'  hh. 

Ai'HiHH,  520. 

KTKl.tN.K: 

ei\  Intororhllal  ari-a  tiat,  8(>pimiti'd  hy  a  trniiHvorso  lini*  of  ilenmri'iitioii 

from  tho  orripltal,  hy  wliii'h  tint  inoillaii  aa  wi'll  uh  tint  lati>ral 

rri-HtH  aru  liuiitud;  fronlalH  wiilo  in  front;  ton^iio  and  pturyKuids 

toothluHH;  Hoft  rayH  of  dorHal  10  or  11. 

k.  Dursal  tin  cuntiiiiious;   frmitalH   not  ravernnuH;   Hii]iraorbital 

inar);iii  cronato;  prriotir  ri<Kiiiii  iniirh  hwoIIoii  oiitwanl  and 

with   tint   hours  tliin  and   ]iolishoil;    prttoi'dtal   niodi-ratu; 

frontals  luthiinl  with  fiiniielHliapt'il  forainina*;   Hoft  doraal 

and  uiial  hcuIoIi'hh  ;  laat  rayn  uf  dormil  and  anal  produced. 

Al'UION,  .I'M. 

kk.  Dorsal  nearly  or  i|ulto  dividod  into  two  tins  by  n  deep  uotrli; 
eyes  very  lar;;i' ;  ]»reorhital  vory  narrow. 
(.  FrontalH  not  I'avi^rnoiiH,  Hini]dy  normally  perl'orato;  sniira- 
orbital  niar^iuH  rronatit;  jiiTiotic  ri't;ioii  little  convex 
and  with  tlio  boni'H  thick,  iinpoliHhi'd;  prefroiitalH 
behind  with  funnel-Hhaped  foramina;  body  compara- 
tively elonpito ;  head  naked  above  and  on  snout;  soft 
doraal  and  anal  naked;  peritiineiini  and  lining  of  gill 
cavity  pale ;  caudal  deeply  forked ;  color  rrinison. 

Ktki.is,  .'■.111. 
I{.  Frontnl8  cavernouH  (like  those  of  Scifenoidx),  w  ith  loiijii- 
tndiual,  osHcoiiii  barn,  leaving  iiiterHpaces  in  front  of 
transverse  ridge  and  on  each  side  near  the  front; 
Biipraorbital  margins  smooth  ;  prefrontals  behind  with 
simxd't  foramina  for  olfactory  nerves;  body  ciiiii]nira- 
tively  short  and  deep;  head  scaly  above  and  on  jaws 
and  snout;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  at  base;  peri- 
toneum and  lining  of  gill  cavity  black ;  caudal  lunate. 
Deep-water  species,  blackisb-purple  iu  color. 

Veuilcs,  5:12. 


T^ 


1244 


lUdhtin  y".  Unilni  Stalis  XatiOnal  .VitsrnfH. 


Xknuiiiiivin  i; 

dd.    filial  I  IK'H  willllMII    (I'I'tll;     Vlltllrr  Willi   III  ill  II  tr  Ifclll   ill  It  \VhI||||M>||   plltt'lli 

Ii'kIIi  III  JiiWM  M-ry  Miiiiill.  i'i|iiiil.  lliMly  i'iiiii|in<i«i«<il,  nivxri'il  with 
Hiiiiill,  ililii,  I'Ifiiitiil,  Milvi^ry  Nc.iili'H :  tii|i  III'  lii'iitl.  I'lintltH,  ii|it'r<'li<H,  ;iiirl 
uf  |in'iM  iiiliil  mill   ri'o\ui  Hi'iil>  :    iiiiiiitli  miiiill.  iili||i|iii<,   wllli   hiiiiiII 

I'lMIIIMll    ll'I'lll    llljllWH.    pri'OI'llillll    ll.iriOU,   II  I  llllllllMlill    lUttl'll  III'    Hlllllll 

li'i'tll   nil   Vdliii'l';   IliW    ti'Klll  or   IKiIlK  nil    lli«   InllKIIK;  tflll  rilki'l'M  liiIlK 

iiiiil   MlitiiiliT;   ilornul   Unit  nciirly  Hi'|iiiritli',  tliti  iiiilcrior  of  NlfiKlxr 

Jtpihrit.  tllK  Miil't  l'il.\  M  HCill,\  .      Illli'Ntilllll  rillilll   nIiiu'I  (tlii<    |iy|iit'ii' rii'i'u 

nut   I'Miiiiini'ili.     Skull   »ltli  lli«  cii'mIn  loiiHiilriioiiH,  IIki   lt'iii|iui'ul 

riiiiiiiiiu  I'lU'wiii'il  III  jiiiii  llii' Mii|iniiir('i|iliiil. 

VI.  liiM'Miil    I'liyH   \  or   X  I   I,    12  til  11,   I  III-  N|iiiiiiiii«  purl  ol' lliit  lln  at 

Ii'iinI  hair  IniiutT  I  hull  miiI'I  pint :  iiiiiil  rii>  m  1 1 1,  ID  or  II. 

n.  IliirMiil  Hum  t'lilirniy  Hrpariili'il.  iiilt'i'viil  Id-Ivm'I'Ii  tlicni  f,  illiiiii' 

I'h'i'  III'  i>yi<;  MpliiiiiiH  iliii'Hiil  liiiir  Imiui'i'  lliiiii  Miil'l ;  iiiiHtrllH 

Hlliall.  climn  tiiurllli'l'.  XkMk'^M,  rili:!, 

;iii.   lliirHiil    tlim    roiilH'rlril     ill     Iimnii,     llir    NpinoiiH    purl    itliiiilt 
iliiiilii)'  li'imtli  iiI'miiII  part.  Xknihim-h.  .'1:14. 

trim.  Diirnal  ruyw  Xl-l,  \>i  nr  It),  IIikmiiII  pari  liiiiKiir  lliiiii  th«  HpiiioiiH 
part;  anal  rayM  ithoiit  III,  IH.  Xknh'IITIIYh,  ria.V 

HKNTlriN.y,: 
aa.  Voiiior  and  imliitinitM  liiotlilcHH;  om-  nr  bntli  Jawm  wit'  HtniiiK  •-'uiiiiit'H;  110  niiilurn; 
prropiTcIo  itllliri';  ilnrHiil  ('(iiitiiiiioilit. 
o.  Doi'Miil  HpiiifH  III;  Hrali'H  larKiv  I'll)  in  lali'ral  liiiii,  thoHi*  on  rli<M-kit  in  .'1  rowH; 
iiiuulh  luodoruto,  thojuwH  hiih«i(|iial;  ttnit  iiMiiitlly  with  IllaiiMMitM. 

Kkmuteki'.s,  ri3fl. 

523.  HOPLOPAGRUS,  (}ill. 

llopliijmijnit,  (ili.i.,  rroc.  .\c.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  IHO'J,  i;."i;i  (ijimtlirri). 

Auferiitr  noHtril  rtiuioto  from  tlio  othtT,  cIonu  to  tlin  pioinaxillary,  in  thu 
Olid  of  tilt)  liiirliul  or  tube;  voiiit>r  with  about  M  roarso  molar  tuittli;  teeth 
ofJawH  I'oarHO  ami  blunt,  tho  Literal  teeth  molar;  HealeH  laiye;  ^111  lakerH 
few;  doiHiil  H|)iiieH  coiitiiiiioiiH  with  the  Hoft  rayH  wbieh  are  sealy  at  the 
biiHu;  lower  ]tharyii<;ealH  nuTow,  with  Hiiiiill  conical  teeth;  HkiiU  and 
general  anatomy  eHHentially  uh  In  Lntianm  and  NvunuvnlH. 

Only  one  H])eeie«  of  thiH  remarkable  ;;eneri(r  type  iH  known.  With  a 
close  reHemblance  in  nearly  all  respects  to  Nvomirnin  aiwiUtn  and  other  typi- 
cal species,  it  differs  strikin^ily  from  all  other  lishos  of  this  type  in  thu 
Htrnetiire  of  thu  nostrils  aud  in  the  dentition.  {^onXov,  armor;  ndyfjui, 
porgy.) 

1028.  liOI'IiOlMOKUK  lil'XTIIKUl,  Gill. 

(I'AKOO.) 

Head  2J;  depth  2!,  to  2i;  eye  4^  (in  young);  smmt  2;^.  D.  X,  14;  A. 
HI,  {>.  Scales  (5-47-1(1.  Pectoral  Hi"  head,  reaching  to  first  anal  spine; 
anal  li ;  longest  soft  dorsal  ray  equals  longest  anal  ray.  JJody  oblong- 
ovate,  short,  deej),  and  compressed,  the  back  arched,  the  body  abruptly 
contracted  to  the  base  of  the  short  caudal  ])edunclo;  anterior  profile 
slightly  and  evenly  convex.  Snout  rather  long  ami  pointed ;  month  small, 
the  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  to  front  of  orbit,  its  length  2J|  to  3  in  head ; 
teeth  in  jaws  arranged  as  in  LutiaiiUH,  but  coarse  and  blunt,  the  lateral 
teeth  of  both  Jaws  rounded  and  molarlike,  more  blunt  in  large  examples; 
upper  Jaw  with  about  2  coarse,  rather  long  canines;  vomer  with  about  3 
to  5  coarse  molar  teeth;  palatines  and  tongue  toothless;  lower  jaw  rather 


Joputdn  t.  }(1  F.vrrwanu. — Fishrx  of  North  Amfrica.     1215 


wttuli,  incliii1««i1 ;  itiiti-rinr  noHtril  itt  tlio  Pxtr«>iiio  iVonl  of  tint  Hiioiit.  cIomo 
til  tli«t  |iroiiiti\illiu.v,  ill  tliu  «\trninlty  of  \\  Itiirhd-liku  tiil)»  which  Iiiuikh 
«l<>wii  iihovo  th<)  inuiith  itiiil  Ih  lutiirly  hh  litii^  iih  th<>  i<,vo;  |Hmh>rior  iiOHtril 
II  rathnr  Imi);  iiiul  ntirruw  iilili<|ii«i  Hlit,  iit'ur  tho  front  of  tho  ryi^;  <<y«NiiiiUI, 
iKMir  tho  iiii«lilh'  of  thi<  h'liut'i  of  tlii<  hiMiil;  iiilft'orlMtiil  N]ia«-o  nithiT  IikukI 
ikiid  coiivrs,  itH  witlth  4^  in  ht'itil;  pi't^trhitul  iinmti,  ItH  IfiiHt  wiiltli  \\\  to 
1^  ill  lioatl;  vttrtlcul  limb  of  |tr<M>|HTcl«*  iii)lii|iut,  Nhui'|ily  Nori'iil«>,  tlio  t«M>tii 
riilii(4i' liiiH  ii1m)V<\  roiiFHo  lit  tlir  iiii^;l«s  oiiiur^iniitioii  of  |)r«>o|i<>rclo  Hliiirp 
Hiitl  <lo<«|i,  iiioro  i-oiiN|iinioiiH  tliiiii  in  iiioHt  Hpfcit-H  of  l.iil'niiiii»,  th«t  kiioh  of 
int««ro|)orclt<  t'onspiriiniiH.  (liil  rui<(irM  fi«w  iiiid  Hhort,  aiioiit  7  il«'Vt>lo|M><l  on 
lowor  part  of  ii.iturior  inch,  lieHJiIoH  H««v«'rul  nKliiiinits;  op(>r<'h<  without 
HpinoiiH  pi'ojortioiiH;  Hciipiilur  Hcnlo  Hi<rriit<^  'I'tMiiporal  cri-Ht  of  hIxiiII  \ory 
HJiort,  foiil«>H<;iii){  with  tho  orliital  rim.  Hnih>H  rathor  Niiiall,  ro^iiiarly 
arraiif^uil,  tiiom^  aitovo  hittMiil  lin«t  in  si«ri«tH  wiiith  iiro  thron^jhoiit  parallel 
with  thu  liiteral  lino,  tlioso  ImiIow  in  hori/ontal  Hfiit^s;  temporal  n>;rion 
with  a  hand  of  oiio  or  two  H«>ri<-H  of  larj^o  Nialcs;  rhi*ul\H  witii  altoiit  7  ruwa 
of  Hcahm;  top  of  !iead  iiak«>d.  Dursal  NpiiioH  ratlicr  low  ami  Htroii^,  tlio 
tin  Honutwhat  dooply  t^mar^inato;  Hoft  dornal  ami  anal  lii^h,  nn^iilar, 
and  pointod  in  oiitlino,  tho  middln  rayH  <-l«)vat<Ml,  {\u^  laHt  ray  not  i  th« 
lioi^ht  of  tlio  niiddlo  omm,  which  aro  2  in  head ;  poctoral  lon^;  and  fnl- 
cat«;  caudal  Hliort,  fctdily  Innate,  tho  iippor  lolto  l'{  in  hi>ad;  anal  lii);h 
and  pointc«l,  t\w  middlo  rays  ruachiiiju;  luiso  of  caudal,  a  little  moro  than 
half  Ioii};th  of  head;  anal  HpincH  Htron^,  the  second  longer  ami  Htron^or 
than  tliird,  'J'i  in  head  ;  jtectoral  long,  .'<  in  liody  ;  ventral  1\,  Color  green- 
ish above,  belly  cojipery  pinU;  head  olive,  aides  with  H  cross-bandH  of 
warm  brown,  unei|nally  placed;  tiiiH  dusky  olive,  shaded  with  )iiiikish 
andltrown;  around  dusky  blotch  near  base  (»f  last  rays  of  solt  dorsal; 
tho  pectorals  ])ale,  a  dark  crescent  at  ]>asu;  ventrals  blaek-tip))ed;  top  of 
hea«l  with  some  small  tlark  spots.  Atliilt  nearly  plain  olivaceous,  coppery 
below.  Pacific  coast  of  tro|tical  Ameri<-a,  from  (iiiaymaH  to  ranama. 
This  rcmurkable  species  is  a  coniniou  food-tish  at  Ma/atlan,  whore  it  is 
known  as  the  "2'«»v/»."  Tho  specimens  examined  by  us  aro  from  Ma/atlan 
and  Guaymas.  (Nanu.d  for  Dr.  Albert  (tiiuthcr  "in  token  of  apprecia- 
tion.") 

IToplopagrut  ijvntheri,  OiM,,  Prnc.  Ac.  Nnt.  .Sci.  Pliila.  1H02,  2.^,  Cape  San  Lucas  (Coll. 
XaiitiiH);  .Steindaciinkh,  blilli.  IScitriiKO,  vi,  1,  1H7S;  Joiihan  \  Swain,  I'nx'.  It.  S. 

Nllt.  MllH.  18H4,  42iti    .loKKAN  it  Fk.sI.EII,  I.  r...  4:i2;    KVKUMANN  \:  .IKNKIN.S,  I'roc.  V.  S. 
Nat.  Mils.  1891, 145;  .Iouda.n,  Fishes  Siiiuloa,  in  Pror.  (jiil.  Ac.  Svi.,  Scr.'J,  v,  189'),  454. 


!l 


524.     EVOPLITES,  fJill. 

Evoplitet,  Gill,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliiln.  1802,  236  (pomacanthns—yimng  of  laxmira). 

This  genus  is  very  close  to  Lutuinim  and  (leHHorojir,  two  sections  and  gen- 
era not  represented  in  American  waters.  It  agrees  with  Liitiiinim  in  having 
tho  whole  to|»  of  the  head  from  the  eyes  backward  covered  with  scales. 
This  region  is  naked  in  Gctiijornfiv,  which,  like  Evoplitts,  has  the  preoperclo 
marked  by  a  dee])  ga-sh  or  incision  in  which  a  knob  Irom  tho  interopercle 
linds  place.  The  latter  (haracter  is  subject  to  considerable  variation  in 
Uinyoroye  and  may  not  be  of  generic  value.     lu  Evoplitea  tho  parietal  creat 


r 


1246         DuUcthi  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


i        !i: 


is  confluent  anterivrly  with  the  snpraocoipital  CTOflt,  a  character  not  seen 
in  any  specieaoC  yromwnis.  l.iiUanus  and  (ienyorogt^ havo  not  Ueon  exam- 
ined in  tliiH  n^Hpect.  Species  brij^litly  oo1oi(m1,  cliiefly  of  the  western 
I'aciiio;  one  within  our  liutita.     (fu',  well;  orrXirtfi,  armoH.) 

1«29.  KVOPLITKS  VlltllUS  (ValoiioieimoB). 

Head  2,1 ;  depth  'i;  eye  lar^e,  4  in  heao.  D.  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8.  Scales 
9-54-17.  Body  rather  elon>j;ato,  profile  to  nape  nearly  straight;  snort 
pointed,  3|  in  head;  Hnpraocci|>ital  crest  low;  preorbital  moderate,  (JS  in 
hciid;  month  moderate,  the  jaws  suhequal,  the  maxillary  reaching  front  of 
pn]»il,  2)1  in  head;  each  jaw  with  a  narrow  hand  of  villiform  teeth,  outside 
of  which  are  moderate  canines;  tongue  toothless;  vomer  with  a  A-shaped 
band  of  teeth  and  with  no  backward  prolongation  on  median  line,  (iill- 
rakers  short  and  slender,  10  develo])ed;  nostrils  small,  well  se]>arateil,  the 
posterior  oblong.  Treopercle  with  a  sharp,  deep  notch,  into  which  fits  a 
knob  from  the  interoperch^ ;  temporal  crest  not  continent  with  orbital  rim, 
but  nearly  or  (piite  confluent  with  supraoccipital  crest  in  front;  lower  liml> 
of  preopercle  coarsely  serrate ;  preop^rcle  strongly  serrate  abo  ve  the  notch. 
Scales  rather  small,  the  rowF  above  lateral  line  very  oblitjue,  nowhere 
parallel  with  the  lateral  line,  7  or  8  rows  on  cheeks,  anterior  largest,  one 
row  on  intero|»ercIe;  top  of  liead  scaled  as  far  forward  as  front  of  pnpil; 
10  rows  of  scales  between  ej'e  and  suprascapula ;  soff  dorsal  and  anal  scaly. 
Dorsal  spines  low  and  strong,  the  fourth  spine  longest,  3  in  head;  soft 
dorsal  rounded,  the  longest  ray  41  in  head;  anal  moderate,  its  free  edge 
straight,  the  second  spine  longest,  2i}  in  liead;  pectorals  long,  1,!  in  head. 
Color  golden-ltrown  with  5  sky-ldtie  longitudinal  striites,  each  broadly  and 
sharply  margined  with  dark  blue;  the  whole  band  as  broad  anteriorly  as 
the  interspaces,  growing  narrower  behind  the  dark-blue  border,  nearly  as 
wide  on  each  side  as  the  median  pale-blue  band;  a  faint  nndian  blue 
streak  from  occiput  to  front  of  dorsal,  then  a  band  of  3  blue  streaks, 
as  above  stated,  from  occiput  above  eye  to  ninth  dorsal  spine;  second  from 
upper  edge  of  eye  to  middle  of  soft  dcnsal ;  third  from  middle  of  eye  to  last 
ray  of  dorsal;  fourth  from  upper  jaw  along  lower  edge  of  eye  to  middle  of 
base  of  caudal  peduncle,  where  it  ends  abruptly;  fifth  from  end  of  maxil- 
lary to  above  last  ray  of  anal;  fins  all  pale,  the  dorsal  partly  edged  with 
black;  no  black  lateral  spot.  Rocky  islands  of  the  eastern  Pacific;  known 
from  the  (Jalapagos  (Valenciennes),  Tres  Marias  (Forrer),  and  the  Revilla- 
gigedos  Islands  (Gilbert);  here  described  from  a  specimen*  tcken  by 
Alfonse  Forrer  at  the  Tres  Marias,  (vindix,  green,  a  very  inappropriate 
name,  as  the  species  js  olive  with  blue  stripes.) 

Diacope  viridis,   Valk.xciennes,  Voy.age  do  l.i  Venus,  ;t03,  pi.  1,  fig.  2  (very  bad),  1845, 

Galapagos  Islands. 
Oen j/nroge  riiiiHn,  VjV.STViEn,  Cat.,  I,  180,  1H59. 
lAitjamisviridia,  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1888,  330;  Jordan  cfc  Fesi.er,  I.  c,  439. 

*  EvojtUten  laamim  (from  Swatow,  Cliiiia)  difl'er.s  from  KvnpUtcs  viridit  in  the  following 
resiKicts:  Bi)dy  dcfjifr  (di)i)tli  2j) :  s<;id('«  siiiullor  (8)  1 2-02-21; ;  tlio  Uuvk  iiiort'.  elevated  and 
tln'  j>rotil<>  steeper;  snout  .'!  in  head;  ])reor',»itul  0;  maxillary  2;!;  second  anal  spine  3]!; 
lower  lateral  bund  wanting;  a  vagina  dark  lateral  blotch  i>resent,  larger  than  eye;  bands 
Icsssliariily  defined  than  in  !■).  viridin,  the  pale-blue  median  streiik  in  eaeh  band  twice  as 
wide  as  the  dark  border,  the  whole  band  narrower,  its  width  one-third  to  oue-t'ourth  that 
of  the  goiden-browu  interspaces;  no  median  dorsal  streak. 


M 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1247 


525.  NEOM^NIS,  Giraid. 
(Skappkus.) 

Xeommnii,  Gihahd,  TT.  S.  Mpx.  Bound.  Survey,  Zool.,  FIhIics,  1ft,  1859  (nnarginahur^ 

yriseim), 
Ji'tiizero.  Jordan  &  Fesi.KR,  Ropt.  V.  S.  Fisli  Coimn.  188!)  (1803),  4:t8  (aratus). 

Body  ohloug,  compressed,  the  back  soinewhtit  elevated;  head  lon^, 
naked  above,  ex<!ept  for  a  broad  oblique  band  of  scab-s  at  the  nape;  nos- 
trils normally  close  to;j;etber,  neither  with  a  tube,  mouth  largo,  the  jaws 
with  bands  of  villiform  teeth,  besides  which  is  usually  an  outer  series  of 
lari;<-r  teeth  in  each  Jaw,  and  2  to  4  stronger  teeth  or  canines  in  front  of 
upper  Jaw;  vomer  with  villiform  teeth;  villiform  teeth  on  the  pahitines; 
usually  one  or  more  pat'^hcs  of  teeth  on  the  tongue  in  the  adult;  no  molar 
te,eth;  no  teeth  on  pterygoids;  preopercle  without  notch  or  with  a  shallow 
cmargination ;  posterior  limb  of  preopercle  finely  senate;  gill  rakers 
raiher  few,  shortish;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  at  base;  dorsal 
8]iines  10  (rarely  11),  coutiuuo'.is  with  the  soft  rays;  caudal  lunate  or 
forked ;  anal  rays,7  to  J).  Iriierorbital  area  not  flat  nor  separated  from  the 
occipital  region,  t^c  median  and  lateral  crests  procurrent  «)n  it,  and  the 
frontal  nar'-^wcd  forward;  fronto-occipital  crest  ceasing  anteriorly  lar 
from  front  of  front.il,  usually  behind  eye;  prefrontal  with  posterior  areas 
impressed,  long  and  cribriform;  parietal  crest  not  conlluent  with  orbital 
rim,  but  nearly  or  quite  Joined  anteriorly  to  fronto-occipital  crest  (in 
species  examined);  prefrontals  with  the  articular  facets  arising  from 
diverging  V-siiaped  ridges;  basisphenoid  with  an  anterior  lobiform 
extension.  Vertebrie  10  -f  14  =  24.  We  venture  to  separate  the  American 
I'PTgos  or  Snappers  from  the  Old  World  genus  Lutianiis  on  the  following 
characters,  distinctive  so  far  as  known:  Parietal  crest  usually  conlluent 
anteriorly  with  the  orbital  rim,  never  Joined  anteriorly  to  the  fronto- 
occipital  crest;  top  of  head  naked;  a  more  ox*  less  isolat«'d  band  of  scales 
extending  obli([uely  on  each  side  of  najie;  notch  on  preopercle  for  the 
reception  of  knob  of  interopercle  shallow  and  broad,  sometimes  oltsolcto, 
otherwise    essentially  as    in  Lutianua.*    Species  very  numerous,  chiolly 


*  The  true  relations  of  iV<'0)«avii»,  Lutianu/i,  Cenyoroge,  Kvoplitct,  iind  I'roamhliiii  are 
vot  to  i^e  (leteniiined.  It  seems  to  us  tliat  none  ofoiirspei'ioH  Is  congeneric  with  Liitiaiiun 
hitianiis,  tiie  tyiK>  of  Lutiunut,  while  Evtijditet  difl'ers  mntei  nlly  from  the  typt'  of  (Irtn/o- 
rojip,  A  full  stu<lv  of  the  skeletons  must,  however,  be  made  before  these  {rt-nera  can  be 
placed  on  a  sound  basis.    The  following  is  the  synonymy  of  the  Asiatic  j;roux)s; 

LUTIANUS,  Bloch. 

Lutianxm.  Blooh,  Tchthyologia,  iv,  107,  \lWi  (lutianun) ;  the  name  first  spelled  Lutiamts, 
but  later  changed,  on  the  ]ilates  and  elsewhere,  to  Lutjantm.  It  is  from  Ikan  lutjang, 
the  M:ilayan  name  of  Lutianua  Ivtiamit. 

Mesoprioii,  Cdviku  «fc  VALENCrKNNKS,  Hirit.  Nat.  Poiss.,  u,  441, 1828  (lutianut,  etc.). 

'  Ifypoplites,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1862, 230  {retro»j>inis). 

CENYOROGE,  Cantor. 

Diaeope,  CrviER  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  ii,  410, 1828  (srba)  -.  name  preoccupied 

in  Lepidoptera. 
Oenyoroge,  C'antok,  Malayan  Fishes,  12, 1850  {sehoe) ;  substitute  for  Diaeope. 

PROAMBLYS,  (Mil. 

Proamblyi,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  18()2,  236  {nigra^^maeolor). 
Maeolor,  Bleeseb,  Poiss.  Amboina,  Nederl.  Tidskr.  Diork.,  27*^,  1867  {maenlor). 


1248         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


iii  I: 


MM 


American  and  African;  active,  predatory  fiHlieH  highly  valued  as  food. 
(vEo?,  new;  Mwnia,  a  genus  remotely  related  and  not  resembling  the 
]>reH(tnt  one.) 

NEOMiKNIS  : 

I.  DofBal  apinoH  10  in  American  species;  rows  of  scales  a1)ovo  lateral  lino  5  to  10  in 
nimiltcr. 
A.  Voiuerine  patcli  of  teeth  clinmondHliaprc? ;  scales  large,  tliono  above  tlio  lateral 
line  fully  parallel  with  it;  dorsal  rays  X,  14;  t^anines  small;  gill  ruker^ 
about  7.    Color  dark  purplish-olive,  scales  with  silvery  spots. 

.TORDANI,  1030. 
AA.  Vomerine  patch  of  teeth  /fv-shaped,  or  A-shapcd,  not  diamond-shaixxl. 
a.  Soft  dorsal  normally  with  14  rays,  rarely  with  13. 

b.  Aual  tin  rounded,  its  middle  rays  less  than  half  length  of  head;  no 
bla(;k  lateral  spot. 
e.  Developed  gill  rakers   7  to  9,   usually  with  few  rndiments,  if 
any;  preorbital  deep;  caudal  lunate.    Shallow-water  spe- 
cies, olivaceous  in  color,  more  or  less  marked  by  cross-bands 
when  young,  often  with  a  blue  streak  ahmg  the  i)reorbital. 
d.  Vomerine  teeth  forming  a  A-  or /\-8hai)ed  patch,  the  back- 
ward prolongation  on  median  line  very  short  or  wunt- 
ing;  scales  above  lateral  line  in  oblique  series,  which 
are  not  throughout  parallel  with  it;   body  compara- 
tively elongate,  the  depth  3  to  UJin  length;  upper  and 
lower  canines  very  strong,  lower  coi.siderni  '"  stronger 
than  in  other  s])ecies ;  mouth  very  Ifr/T" ;  •- 't'.  »1  tins 
dusky;  size  very  large. 
e.  Maxillary  2^  in  head ;  preorbital  5J  in  head ;  maxillary 
reaching  nearly  or  quite  to  middle  of  eye,  24  to  2i! 
in  head;    base  of  pectoral   dusky;    head   2^    in 
length;  depth  3j.    D.  X,  14;  A.  Ill,    8;    scales 

6-48-13.  NOVKMKASCUTUS,  1631. 

ee.  Maxillary  2f  in  head;  preorbital  42  in  head;  maxil- 
lary reaching  past  middle  of  eye,  about  2^  in 
bead ;  usually  a  black  spot  or  shade  at  base  of 
pectoral;  head  2J;  depth  3;  D.X.14;  A.III,  8; 
scales  7-50-12.  cyanoptekus,  1632. 

dd.  Vomerine  teeth  forming  an  anchor-shaped  ^>atch,  with  a 
distinct  backward  prolongation  on  tlie  median  line; 
second  anal  spine  little,  if  any,  sliorter  than  third; 
upper  canines  strong,  lower  moderate  or  small. 
/.  Scales  above  lateral  line  arranged  in  series  which  are 
not  throughout  parallel  witli  lateral  lino,  bcin:.' 
oblique  and  irregular,  at  least  below  the  secontl 
dorsal. 
g.  Body  comparatively  elongate,  the  depth  2J  to  3 
in    length;    snout   rather   pointed  ^    mouth 
large,  maxillary  2^  in  head;   scales  7  in  an 
oblique  series  between    dorsal  and  lateral 
line;   pectoral  short,  not  J  length  of  head; 
sott  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  l)lackish,  tinged 
with  wine  color,  always  becoming  dusky  in 
spirits;    body  dark  greenish,  more  or  less 
reddish  below ;  blue  streak  on  preorbital  dis- 
appearing early ;  specimens  from  deeji  water 
with  nu)ro  or  less  red.    Hfead  2J;  deptb  2^. 
D.  X,  U;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  7-50-12. 

ORISEUS,  IbM. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmayin. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1249 


gij.  Umly  comparatively  deep,  «lt'pth  aliont  2}  in 

lunt;tli;   Hiioiit  luiiK  aiul  pointed;   iiiontli 

ratlier  Hiiiall,  maxillary  almiit  'A  in  Ii)'<m1; 

pectoralH  lonj;,  more  than  }  length  of  licad ; 

Hiift  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  orange  or  yd 

low,  licconiini;  |)ale  in  Hpirits. 

h.  Scales  moderate,  about  nine  in  an  oblique 

HerieB  from  tirHt  tlorsal  to  lateral  line, 

about  55  vortical   HerioH  above  lateral 

line  between  tiill  opening  and  base  of 

caudal;  lateral  line  with  more  tban  4r< 

pores ;  a  whitish  area  below  eye ;  blue 

streak  ahing  Huborbital  region  iisiially 

not  disappearing   with   a^e;    head   2^; 

d<4)th  2^    D.  X,  U;  A.  Ill,  H;  Hcalos 

8-r)0-16.  .loci',  lf.;i4. 

AA.  Scales  unusually  large,  .'i  or  0  in  an  obli(|uit 

series  from  first  dorsal  to  lateral  line, 

about  45  vertical  scries  above  lateral 

line  between  pill  opening  and  base  of 

caudal;  lateral  line  witli  less  than  40 

pores;  blue  streak  on  sul)orbital  region 

not  p*;rmanent ;  hea<l2i;  depth  2J.    1). 

X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  6-44-i;t. 

APonus,  lfl.'15. 
ff.  Scales  aHove  lateral  line  in  horizontal  series  which 
are  throughout  more  or  less  distinctly  parallel 
with  the  lateral  lino;  snout  long  and  pointed,  'A 
in  lie^d;  pectoral  fin  long,  \\  in  head;  «'olor 
brownish-red  with  faint  silvery  streaks  along 
rows  of  scales  on  sides,  a  pale-blue  stroak  along 
suborbital  and  preorbital :  tins  yeUi>w.  Head  2;! ; 
depth  2gi  D.  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8;  hcahs  5-45-12. 

AnOENTIVENTKlS,  163C. 

Developed  gill  rakers  more  numerons,  about  10,  with  several 
rudiments  before  them  (in  i\\  huccanella-,  not  examined  in 
N.  lutjauiii(les). 
t.  Caudal  deeply  forked;  month  small,  maxillary  renrhirg 
posterior  nostril;   preoperde  sl'ghtly  notched,  little 
serrate;  canines  strong;  tongue  with  teeth;  soft  dor- 
sal and  anal  rounded;    pectoral  pointed,  4J  in  total 
length.    Color  brownish-green,  with  6  brown  cross- 
bands  ;  a  broad  greenish  8trij)t»  from  i>porcle  to  base  of 
caudal.    D.   X,  14,  A.  Ill,  8.    (Hybrid,   probably  of 
chryninug-irjocv.)  LITJAJIOIUES,  16;J7. 

it.  Caudal  moderately  forked;  mouth  large,  maxillary  reach- 
ing anterior  edge  of  eye,  2if  in  head;  preoperclo  ser- 
rate, the  serrte  strong  on  angle;  canines  medium; 
vomerine  teeth  in  an  anchor-shaped  patch;  eyo 
large;  the  base  and  axil  of  pectoral  with  a  Jet-black 
blotch;  scales  moderate,  about  8  oblique  series  from 
the  lateral  line  to  the  tirst  dorsal  spine,  about  63  ver- 
tical rows  above  lateral  line ;  second  anal  spine  long, 
about  2§  in  head.  Color  crimson;  caudal  peduncle 
and  caudal  fin  largely  yellow ;  iris  orange-red ;  no  hit. 
eral  blotch.  Head  2J;  depth  2J ;  1).  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8; 
scales  8-63-13.  BUCCANBLLA,  1638. 


-$mm 


1250         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


% 


\\ 


il 


'if 


!i! 


M. 


hh.  Annl  tin  angnlatc<l,  itn  niRtlian  rnyn  prodiirrd,  tlut  loiigcHt  in  adult 
at  loBHt  half  lioad;  bmly  rather  roltiiat ;  upper  eanineH  rather 
loMK;  lower  Hinall.    Cuh)r  more  or  leHarnd.  tlio  yoiint;  with  a 
black  latoriil  blotch. 
j.  SvaloH  above  the  lateral  line  arranged  in  nericH  which  are  not 
throii^liont  parallel  wlt'.i   it'    Hide  with  a  black  blotch, 
which  UHiially  dlHappear.^  wit. i age;  a'lal  tin  l)right  reil. 
k.  Teeth  ou  vomer  in  an  nncli;)r-'ih";'.cii  patch,  with  a  median 
backward  prolongation;  lingual  teetli  well  develoj)ed; 
snout  rather  pointed     maxillary   reacliing    edge  of 
pupil,  2}  in  head;  caui'til  edged  witli  black. 

I.  IriH   gidden-j'ellow    in    lite.      ScaloH    rather    sniall, 

0-52-10,  about  50  porcH  In  tlie  lateral  line;  Ixtdy 
rather  rtb^nder,  tlie  depth  2}  in  length;  HCcond 
anal  apine  about  :<}  in  head;  gill  rakera  0  beh>w 
angle;  eye  large,  4 J  in  head  In  adult;  ]>reorbital 
5J  in  head.  Tfead  2|}  in  length ;  I).  X,  14 ;  A,  III,  0. 
Color  bright  rose-red,  with  gidden  ntreaks. 

VIVANUS,  1639. 

II.  Iris  rose-red.    Scales    rather   large,   8-46-14 ;    body 

robust,  the  depth  2i|  in  length ;  second  aral  spine 
aliout  4  in  head;  gill  rakers  about  K  below  angle; 
eye  moderate,  5^  toC  in  head  in  adult;  ])reorbital 
5.  Head2ii:  D.  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  9.  Color  rose-red, 
nearly  unitbrni;  size  largo.  AVA,  1640. 

kk.  Teeth  in  v<nuer  in  a  /  -sluiped  ])atch,  without  distinct 
prolongation  on  the  median  line;  lingual  teeth  very 
few  or  none;  snout  rather  pointed;  maxillary  reach- 
ing edge  of  eye,  2^  in  head;  scales  rather  small, 
about  50  pores  in  lateral  lino.  Color,  greenish  above, 
rosy  below;  a  small  butdistinct  lateral  blotch;  young 
with  obliquo  blue  streaks  above;  tins  mostly  brick- 
red,  especially  the  anal;  a  pearly  streak  below 
eye.  Head  2J;  depth  2J;  D.  X,  14;  A,  III,  8;  scales 
10-67-17.  ANAUS,  1641. 

ij.  Scales  above  the  lateral  line  arranged  in  series  which  are 
more  or  less  di.stinotly  parallel  throughout  with  the  lat- 
eral line ;  no  black  lateral  blotch ;  scales  rather  large,  5  or  6 
between  first  dorsal  spine  and  lateral  line;  lateral  line 
with  47  pores;  vomerine  teeth  in  a  A-shaped  patch;  lin- 
gual teeth  well  developed ;  maxillary  reaching  front  of 
pupil,  2J  in  head.  Color  rwl,  dusky  above;  a  blue  streak 
on  suborbital;  anal  and  ventral  tins  dusky.  Head  2}; 
depth  3;  D.  X,  14;  A.  I7J,  7;  scales  5-47-11. 

COLOR  ADO,  1642. 

aa.  Soft  dorsal  with  12  rays  (rarely  13) ;  body  oblong,  the  back  not  greatly 
elevated ;  uppi'r  canines  moderate,  lower  small  or  obsolete ;  scales 
above  lateral  line  in  very  obliquo  .series  ;  anal  tin  low,  its  outline 
rounded, 
m.  Mouth  moderate;  maxillary  2g  to2J  in  head. 

n.  Caudal  not  deeply  forked;  gill  rakers  rather  few  (8  or  9  be- 
sides rudiments), 
o.  Pectoral  short,  I5  in  head;  teeth  on  vomer  in  an  anchor- 
shaped  ])atch.  Color  olivaceous,  no  black  lateral 
blotch;  lower  .jaw  included.  Head  2J;  de|)th  3;  D. 
X,  12:  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  8-51- X.  (Hybrid,  giri«ciM -[- 
synagriaf)  Brachtpterus,  1643. 


m 


Jordan  and  Evcrniann, — Fishes  of  North  America:    1251 


MO.   I'uctoriil  loiiK,  niori'  tliitn  l\vo-tliir<lH  lt>ii;;tli  of  licnil; 

color  chiefly  ri-il ;  u  liirgo  bluck  latvriil  blotcli ;  lo\vi<r 

,jiiw  Hli^litly  ]iro.ie<'tiiiK. 

j>.  VoiiHiriiio  Icoth  in  an  anchor-Hlin])c<1  imtcli.  witli  ii 

d'"*'-' '  liui^liwaril  itrolongatiiinon  nitolian  line. 

Color  ri'<l;  buck  anil  hIiIuh  with  rowH  of  «lark 

hliiishgray  upots  follow  iiij;  t  lie  si-rien  of  HC.nlcs ; 

similar  HpotH  on  HidrH  of  huail;   tins  rcililiHli. 

Heml  'l\-  .li-pth'JJ;  I).  X,   12;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales 

7-j:1-15.  (a  riATis,  1044. 

pp.  Vonierini^  teeth  in  a  \- or  A-shancd  patch,  the 

prolongation  on  median  line  very  short,  or 

wanting.     Color  rosy  jLtreenisli  ahove,  sides  of 

head  and  body  with  nnnierons  longitudinal 

Htripes  of  jTolden  yellow;    soft  dorsal   and 

caiulal  rod;    lower  tins   yellow.     Head   2j!; 

depth  2i;  D.  X,  12;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  8-(l0-15. 

8YNAQK1S,  1045. 

wii.  Candal  deeply  forked;    the  gill  rakers  rather  numerous, 

about  10  on  lower  part  of  the  anterior  arch;  tt^ethon 

vomer  in  anauchor-Hliupedpateh;  b(Mly  rather  elonnato, 

compressed;  lower  .jaw  projectiuf;  or  not;  eyes  snuill; 

scales  snuill;  the  lateral  line  with  about  50  pores;  anal 

Hpine.^  graduated.   Color  reddish,  with  horizontal  yellow 

streaks;  no  black  lateral  bloti^h.    F   adli;    depth  3;  1). 

X,  13;  A.  Ill,  9;  scalen  9-53-15.    '.^.^ybrid,  «.i/«n(/ri#-(- 

chfytnnis  i')  amiikuts,  1040. 

mm.  !kIonth  largo;  maxillary  2 J  in  head ;  teeth  on  vonior  in  an  aiichor- 

ahaped  patch;  lower  Jaw  strongly  iirojecting;  body  rather 

elongate,  strongly  compressed:  eye  v<'ry  large,  red;  scales 

rather  snuill,  the  lateral  line  with  about  .'>0  pores;  caudal 

little  forked ;  second  and  third  anal  spines  sube(|ual.    Color 

dark  brown;  pale  Im>1ow,  flushed  with  red;  fins  mostly  red; 

a  large  block  lateral  blotch.    IIead2i;  depth  2j>;  D.X,  12; 

A.  Ill,  8;  scales  9-02-14.  mahoooni,  1647. 

l{A!7.ERO:* 

II.  Dorsal  spines  11 ;  scales  largo,  those  above  lateral  line  in  4  or  5  series,  fully  parallel 
with  lateral  line. 
</.  Soft  (lor-sal  and  anal  low ;  vomerine  teeth  in  a  ,\-shaped  patch ;  teeth  on  tongu(> ;  gill 
rakers  few.  Color  dark,  olive-reddish  below;  distinct  silvery  streaks  along 
rows  of  scab's;  ycumg  with  silvery  bars ;  lower  tins  dusky.  Head  .'I;  depth  ;tj; 
D.  XI,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  4J-45-12.  ABATUS,  1048. 

Subgenus  NEOM^NIS.  .  • 

1680.  NEOM.EXW  JORDAN!,  Gilbert. 

Head  2f  to  3  in  length ;  depth  2?  to  2J ;  eye  U  m  head.  D.  X,  14 ;  A.  ITT, 
!>:  sc.'iles  51  above  lateral  line,  43  to  47  oblique  series  runniiif;  downward 
iiml  backward.  Body  deep,  with  rogular  curves,  the  two  profiles  nearly 
eijual.  Snout  short,  with  ra^iidly  rising  upper  profile,  3^  to  31^  in  head. 
Ilyc  large,  much  greater  thf'ii  the  width  of  the  |)reorbital  at  the  middle  of 
its  length,  where  it  is  i  length  of  head.  Maxillary  reaching  slightly 
l»t'\  ofid  front  of  pupil,  its  length  ei^naling  that  of  snout  and  half  eye,  21 


S))anish  name  of   Xfovwxis  aratiin,  from  raiz,  root;    "place  of  roots,"  the  species 
living  among  the  roots  of  the  mangroves. 


1252         BiUletiu  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


111 


if!'! 


r   ; 


\y^. 


in  hoad.  Mtuidihiilnr  titotli  in  u  villifonii  bund  wliioli  in  of  ni(»dcriit*)  width 
anteriorly  and  tapt>rH  rapidly  on  sidos;  an  ontor  neri»'H  of  dmtantly  placed 
moderate  (;anin«!H;  teeth  in  preniaxlIlarii'H  similar  to  those  below,  the 
canine.s  HniuU,  a  pair  on  each  side  eularf^ed,  iMit  Hinall  for  this  goniiH ;  vomer- 
ine teoth  in  a  diamond-Hhaped  patch,  the  Hiden  Hnlioqnal,  concave;  ])ro- 
ocnlarniari;in  with  a  ratln-r  de«-p  eniar^inatimi  above  the  angle;  ab(»ve  the 
eniarginatlon  the  edye  is  very  minntely  and  (inely  Herrulatc,  at  the  anyle 
provided  with  afewHhnrt  slender  rather  illHtantHpines.  (;ill  rakers  stron}?, 
those  above  angle  all  short,  the  one  at  angle  abrnptly  lengthened,  about 
half  diameter  of  eye;  seven  developed  ou  horizontal  limb  of  arch.  Pos- 
terior nostril  elliptical.  Five  or  six  series  of  scales  on  cheeks,  the  band 
running  npward  to  level  of  upper  margin  of  orbit;  a  single  narrow  l>and 
of  scales  on  occiput,  separated  by  a  naked  s]iace  from  those  on  nape;  to]> 
of  head,  snout,  mandible,  preopercle,  nuixillary,  and  anterior  half  of  intcr- 
opercht  nuked;  scales  above  lateral  line  in  series  ]>arallel  with  the  lateral 
line;  scales  on  the  breast  not  much  redu'"Ml,  as  large  as  tlio^e  on  «)percle; 
basal  portions  of  dorsal  and  anal  densely  scaled,  the  scales  forming  a  sheath 
at  base;  basal  J  of  caudal  densely  scaled.  Dorsal  spines  heavy,  not  llox- 
ibh^,  the  longest  21II  in  head;  second  and  third  anal  spines  about  ecjual,  half 
the  length  of  snout  and  eye;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  low,  rounded,  the  longest 
ray  (measured  from  free  edge  of  sheath)  about  ^  head;  cautlal  lunate,  the 
nii<ldle  rays  J  the  outer,  1^  in  head;  pectorals  very  long,  nearly  reoching 
vortical  from  vent,  U  in  head;  vontrals  1*  in  head.  Color,  back  and  top 
of  head  deej)  olive;  lower  half  of  sides  and  below  dark  reddish-purple; 
many  «>f  the  scab's  on  sides  with  a  silvery  spot  near  the  margin,  producdng 
faint  lengthwise  stri])es;  tins  reddish-purple,  the  basal  portion  of  soft 
dorsal  and  caudal  tinged  with  olive;  iris  silvery,  with  inner  and  outer 
orange  circle;  no  blue  lines  on  the  Isead;  inner  lining  of  gill  membranes 
and  the  shoulder  girdle  largely  orange-red ;  pectoral  tins  orange-brown.  Of 
rare  occurrence  at  Panama,  but  occasionally  taken  in  considerable  num- 
bers. It  is  a  small  species,  reaching  a  length  of  about  17  inches.  A  strongly 
marked  species,  quite  unlike  any  other.     (Named  for  David  Starr  .lordan.) 

Neomtenis  jordani,  Gu-BEIIt,  Fisliea  of  I^annnia,  in  I'ror.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1807,  Panama. 
(Coll.  Gilbert.    Type,  No.  11988,  L.  S.  Jr.  Uuiv.  Mus.) 

1«8I.  \EOM.EXIS  XOVKMFASCIATUS  (Gill). 

*  (PABGO  PIUETO;  PAROO  MaUESO;    PAKOO  NfcORO.) 

Hoad  2| ;  depth  ;J ;  eye  5  ^  to  4*  in  head.  D.  X,  14 ;  A.  Ill,  8,  rarely  III,  7 ; 
maxillary  2*;  preorbital  5A;  scales  6-48-13.  Body  comparatively  elon- 
gate, the  back  little  elevated;  jjiofilo  very  gently  curved;  snout  long  and 
pointed,  J^  length  of  head;  eye  small,  less  than  breadth  of  the  wide  pre- 
orbital; maxillary  barely  reaching  to  opposite  front  of  orbit,  its  length 
2?  in  head;  each  jaw  with  a  very  narrow  band  of  villiforni  teeth,  outside 
of  which  is  a  single  series  of  larger  teeth,  those  in  sides  of  u])per  Jaw 
small,  2  in  front,  however,  developed  as  large  fangliko  canines,  larger 
than  usual  in  this  genus,  their  length  about  equal  to  the  diameter  of  the 
pupil ;  a  pair  of  smalhu-  canines  ih'ht  the  middle  of  the  upper  jaw,  between 
the  large  ones;  conical  teeth  of  lower  jaw  distant,  cauinelike,  U  to  8  in 


Jordan  and  pArnnanu. — Fisfus  of  IVort/i  .hiurita.      iL'.'i.'l 


iiiiiiiber  oil  nach  hhIo,  lar^or  thiiii  in  any  of  our  other  npet'lea  of  Xnnnonh, 
iiiiK'li  liirgtM'  than  tboHo  on  rti*l*is  of  iippor  .jaw;  teetli  on  toiin^ne  in  a  largu 
oval  ]iatili,  ill  front  of  whicli  uro  two  siiiallur  ]>atchus;  touth  on  voiiior 
roi'iiiiiiK  a  (>ru8<'*>iit-Hliaii('il  ))at«;li,  witiioiit  liai  kwanl  iirolon^ation  on  tliu 
riu'tlian  Iin«.  (Jill  ••.ikcrM  ftnv,  noi  very  lar;?e,  distant,  aliont  1  +  7.  Preop- 
cri'lt'  with  its  poHterior  margin  oNtentling  v<;ry  oliliejiicly  forward,  tht  •mglo 
Mmrefore  very  ohtnHoly  rounded;  a  broad  Hhallow  notch  above  the  angle, 
tlie  margin  above  tbe  notcii  convex,  its  edge  ininntely  serrulate;  a  few 
coarser  teeth  at  the  angle;  lower  liorder  mostly  smooth.  In  tbe  adnlt  tlio 
wbole  margin  of  the  iireoperelo  is  without  serrations;  siipraseapiilar  ser- 
rate. Posterior  nostril  nearly  roiinil;  a  single  narrow  hand  of  sealjs 
extending  downward  and  backward  from  oceipiit.  Dorsal  spines  rather 
long,  with  sharp  Jlexible  tips,  the  fourth  the  longest,  but  shorter  than  tin* 
snout,  :U  in  head;  anal  spines  abort  and  strong,  much  stronger  than  dorsal 
.s|iinos,  tiie  second  and  third  of  nearly  ei[nal  length,  the  second  somewhat 
strong"  <t,  not  much  longer  than  diameter  of  the  orbit,  Ijj  iu  head ;  soft  rays 
of  anal  low,  ^ij^in  head;  caudal  iin  emarginate,  1^  in  head:  pectorals  much 
longer  than  ventrals,  extending  slightly  bey<md  them,  their  length  IJ  in 
head.  Scales  moderate,  firm,  present  on  ch<'el:,  oporcle,  subopercle,  and  iu  a 
single  series  on  interojiercle;  scales  above  lateral  line  forming  very  obli(|ue 
series  running  upward  and  backward,  not  parallel  with  tbe  lateral  line; 
scales  on  breast  not  very  small,  smaller  than  those  on  operele;  basal  por- 
tions of  vertical  tins  scaly.  Coloration:  Hack  and  sides  very  <lark  olive- 
brown,  the  hack  with  a  slaty  tinge,  the  sides  often  with  some  faint  pur- 
plish; sides  paler  below;  the  lielly  and  lower  parts  of  head  white;  very 
old  specimens  largely  co])pery  red,  nearly  uniform,  <larker  above;  each 
scale  on  the  dorsal  region  with  the  basal  half  dark;  head  coloro«l  like  the 
i)o(ly;  maxillary  brownish,  no  bluish  streak  on  preorbital;  vertical  tins 
(lark  brownish;  the  Hpinous  dorsal  olive-brow  with  a  narrow  dark  streak 
at  base  and  tip ;  anal  with  the  margin  of  its  lirst  thret*  rays  white ;  pectorals 
olivaceous  brown;  ventrals  dark  brownish,  becoming  reddish  at  base; 
inside  of  mouth  reddish-yellow.  Young  with  the  margin  of  spinous  dorsal 
and  most  of  aual  black;  young  with  9  dark  erossbands;  varies  much 
with  age.  (Jeuerally  common;  known  from  Pacitic  coast  of  tropical 
America;  Cape  San  Lucas;  (Jnaymas;  Mazathm;  PuntaAreuas;  SaulMas; 
raiiama.  A  large  species,  valiu-d  as  food;  closely  allied  to  .V.  vijanoptcfifi; 
rearliiug  a  weight  of  20  pounds,  (novim,  nine;  J'asviatua,  banded,  a  char- 
acter seen  only  in  the  very  young.) 

Lutjanus  novemfatciafut,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1802,  251,  Cape  San  Lucas  (vpry 

J()UI1J5)  ;   •J<)l(l)AN&,  .SWAlN,  J.  (?.,443;   EVEIIMANN  &  JENKINS,  ProC.  U.  .S.  Nat.  Mus.  1801, 

146;  Jordan  &  Fesleii,  i.e.,  440. 
Mrtuprion  pacificus,  BocoUBT,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  Paris  1868,  223,  Tauesco,  Pacific  coast  of 

Guatemala. 
Liiijdiiiit  i)rieto,  JoBOAN  &  GiLiiERT,  Proc.  U.  .S.  Nat.  Mu«.  1881,  353,  Mazatlan.     (Type, 

No.  28 190.) 
I.iitjanus  paci/iCHS,  Vaillant  &  Bocoukt,  MisHiun  Suientitique  au  Mexiiiuo,  123,  pi.  lU.  tig. 

2. 1881. 
I.utianvi^novem/ascialuti,  Joudax,  Fishes  Sinaloa,  454. 

Nni'K.— 'I'lic  following  (lescriplion  i.s  (Voiii  an  adult  example.  30  inches  long,  the  .so-called 
I'aigij  luarouo  or  Maruou  snapper,  from  Mazatlan;  lload  3;  depth  3  (3i  iu  young).    D.  X, 


1254  linUctin  //,  United  Slates  National  Museuvi. 


U;  A.  Ill,  IH:  Hi'iiluH  0  (K)-'M\\\:  «\vti  Vt\  in  liciiil :  Hiioiil  2);  iiiiixiUiir.v  'i.l\  |MH'lural  1^; 
vniitriilS;  aniil:i;  t  liiril  iitiitl  H|iiiMu'>J  ;  ciuuliil  l^j ;  itrt'orliiliil  ;i|;  (4/^  in  Hiiiiillor  H|i<'('.iiiii^im  20 
inulios  Ion;;;  Ti  in  tlioHii  of  1  toot  lon^).  Iluily  V)>r,v  roliiiHt,  nut  niiicli  conipi'fHHuiI,  thii 
liiicli  ni>l  rtliaii).  Hi-ihI  vitv  liirtftt;  tlio  inonlli  very  1iii'k«,  rcarliin^niiildlool' t\vo.  CiininuH 
vt^ry  Hti'on^.  in  front  of  jaw  an<l  on  HiilcH  of  low«r;  voinorino  t)«itli  in  ii  V'<*liitii<'<l  patcli. 
not  |ii'oionui'<l  Ix'liind.  <iin  rakcrx  7,  vory  Hinall,  Ihr  ItinKtmt  Uibh  tlian  pupil.  I'oHlcrior 
iioHtril  olilon;;,  niui'li  loii|;t'.r  than  nnti-rior.  I'ruopcrt'lo  Hli;;lilly  notched;  Tor  H  rowH  of 
H<;alcii  on  <'liui<l(.  DorHitl  diit^ply  noti'liod,  ratlii'r  low  ;  Hoft  dorsal  low  |ind  ioiind<>d;  anul 
lowand  roinidfd  ;  ixMlornl  lou^' and  pointed  ;  candal  xliort,  Hcartxly  ro.ii  ,u'i<;  anal  apintot 
xliorl.  j;raduat(Ml,  Scnh'M  aliovi*  lal  t-ral  line  not  in  a  parallel  Huri«!H.  ^M  iroun  color  above, 
copperruil  lielow,  boconiin);  Halnion  I'olor  anteriorly;  IIiih  lilacklMli,  tinu;ed  with  maroon; 
)>nctoi'al  dull  yellow  olive,  lilat^kiNh  attip;  alilaekiHli  croHHH]iut{in  liaso  of  pectoral  ^rowinff 
faint  withatie.  InHideoftlio  mouth  Nulnion;  ventral <|nitudark,  thu  tips  black;  iriHaalmon 
color;  no  blue  mpotH  or  line  below  eyii.  Youug  with  ftpinoim  dorsal  cdKed  withblack;  itnal 
andeaudal  black;  vonlrals  black  ti|>p(Ml;  a  1ila(;k  crescent  oiuip]iur]>art  of  base  of  pectoral. 
VoiiiiK  1  '""f  '""JIi  black  with  )iro;;reHsively  lesa  red  and  narrow  )ireorbilnl;  eidor  largely 
blackiflh,  tinj^ed  with  copj)er  on  belly  and  lowerparts.  Tlioyoiin^i'ire  called  Pargo ne^ro ; 
the  half-grown,  rar{;o  jirieto;  the  adult,  Pargo  niarefio,  or^Maroon  sna]iper.  TIiIh  specien 
reaches  a  much  larf;er  sizu  than  any  otli(>r  member  of  the  conus  on  the  I'acitle  coast,  tho8u 
Hpflciniens  obtained  by  us  with  dynamite  among  the  N'unadoH  Islands  having  a  weight  of 
about  2.'>  poundH.  It  is  a  food-llsh  of  some  iuiportantuv  It  undergoes  very  considerable 
cbanues  with  age,  as  the  notes  above  bIiow.  The  young  are  dai'k  in  cohir,  thtv bodies 
banded,  and  the  amountof  red  very  slight.  The  adult  beconu's  uniformly  (tolorod  with 
much  red,  and  with  increasud  age  there  is  a  progrosHivo  lengtheniu.v  uf  the  Huout  ami 
widening  of  the  preorbitul. 


1632.  NEOJI.EXIN  CYAXOPTKBIJS*  (Cuvier  &  Valoncienuos). 

(CinER.\.) 


ii".'i, 

]ii,i 

{!']■■ 


m 


Head  2J ;  depth  3 ;  cjo  rather  Htnall,  5;^  in  head.  D.  X,  11 ;  A.  Ill,  S ;  scaU^s 
(6)  7-50-12;  .^)0  pores.  ISody  oloiijj;ate,  rather  rohiist,  the  back  little  ele- 
vated ;  profile  (roin  snout  to  nape  nearly  straight ;  HUout  lonji;,  thick,  rather 
nciito  in  profile,  3  iu  head;  iutert»rbital  Hpa<'e  flattish  or  g«!ntly  convex,  G^ 
in  head;  occipital  keel  low;  preorbital  bioad,  4ij  in  head;  month  very  large; 
maxillary  reaching  middle  of  eye,  2\  in  head.  Canine  teeth  larger  than  in 
any  other  species,  especially  those  iu  lower  Jaw ;  upper  Jaw  with  a  narrow 
band  of  villiform  teeth,  outside  of  which  is  a  series  of  strong  shiirp  teeth; 
4  canines  in  front,  2  of  them  very  long  and  strong,  their  lengths  ij  diam- 
eter of  eye;  lower  Jaw  with  5  or  G  very  strong  caninelike  teeth  on  each 
side,  the  largest  little  smaller  than  the  (canines  of  upper  Jaw ;  a  few 
villiform  teeth  iu  front  of  Jaw;  tongue  with  a  large  oblanceolate  patch  of 
teeth,  pointed  bebiiul,  its  length  about  twic*^  its  greatest  width;  vomer 

*  This  species  is  common  in  the  markets  of  Havana,  whtM-e  it  is  known  as  Cubera.  It 
grows  to  a  very  considerable  size,  and  specimens  of  less  than  .'>  itouuds  weight  are  vory 
rare  in  the  markets.  A  specimen  from  Oarthagenn,  United  Stat<>8  of  (y'olomliia,  is  in  the 
museum  at  Cambridge.  The  species  seems  to  have  an  inditl'ereut  reputation  as  a  food- 
tish,  being  often  unwholcsonu!.  It  has  always  a  ragged  ai>]>earance  in  the  market,  its 
scale.-*  being  less  flrndy  attached  than  those  ot'ot her  species.  This  sjiecies  is  yery  doselv 
related  to  jV.  (/riwMS,  but  so  fur  as  we  havi;  seen  the  two  may  alway.s  be  distingiushed  by 
the  ditt'erence  iu  form  of  the  vomerine  j)atch  of  teeth  and  by  the  development  of  tliV 
c«nine.s  of  the  lower  jaw.  These  are  larger  in  ^V.  ci/anoiiterug  than  in  auj'  other  American 
species.  This  species  is  almost  identical  with  .V.  novemj'ascintus  of  the  Pacific  coast,  the 
somewhat  largermouth  being  the  most  nuirked  point  of  difl'erence.  The  dusky  area  or 
spot  at  base  of  pectoral  is  more  distinct  in  the  Atlantic  form.  L.  dentatiut  of  Dunieriland 
M.cjianopterus  of  Cuvier  and  Valencienniis  are  identic^al  with  L.  cubera,  Poey.  This  is 
shown  by  the  examiuatiuu  of  tUo  urigiuul  types.  Al.panjwif  Cuvier  aud  Valeucieuues,  i- 
prubably  the  same. 


m 


iw\ 


Jordan  and  F.vcrwaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.      V1T\U 


witli  «  A-Hliapt'<l  patch  of  tt-oth,  iiHually  witliouf  liackwanl  i>ri^lont;ati»»ii 
nil  iiK'tliaii  line,  hut  H<»iii<'tiiii«H  with  u  short  iiuMliuii  ))roh>iipition  (yl\- 
Hha|i«Ml),  its  lon^th  always  1«'hs  than  thr  width  of  Iho  patch  in  front; 
pterv^oitl  anil  h.vuid  liuiicH  without  treth.  (iili  rakers  riithor  short  unil 
thick,  ahoiit  \  li'iij,'th  of  ilianictor  of  e.vc,  ahoiit  H  on  h»w«r  anh;  no  riidi- 
nicnts.  I'roopurcic  with  poHtcrior  margin  nearly  v«>rticul,  the  eniarKinu- 
tion  hroail  and  hIiiiHow;  )ircopcrcln  lliudy  surrato  above  the  t«'«th,  coarser 
just  aliove  the  angle;  low«r  limb  almost  entire.  ScalcH  rather  large, 
loosely  attacliod;  cheekB  witli  about  «  rows,  I  row  on  interopercle,  I  row 
on  Hnl*o|iercle,  and  about  7  on  o|iercle;  temporal  region  with  about  two 
rows  of  large  scales;  tiibcH  of  lateral  line  simple;  base  of  soft  dorual 
nixl  anal  scaly.  Dorsal  spines  rather  Htrong,  the  outline  of  the  fin  gently 
convex,  the  fourth  sjiine  longest,  \\\  in  head;  the  tenth  sjiiiie,  0  in  head; 
anal  spines  strimg,  the  second  spine  stronger,  slightly  shorter  than  third, 
which  is  .')  ill  head;  caudal  little  forked  ;  ]ie«'toi'uls  alioiit  l;-]  in  heud.  Color 
diisky-gray,  jiahir  below,  the  belly  sometimes  tinged  with  reddisli;  mein- 
branes  of  dorsal,  aiiul,  and  caudal  grayish-black,  the  aual  and  soft  dorsal 
esiiecially  blackish;  ventrals  bhickish  at  tip;  pectorals  plain  olivaceous, 
the  base  and  inner  margin  dusky;  head  dusky  above,  without  markings. 
Length  2  to  4  feet;  length  of  B])ecimeu  described  (from  Cuba)  17A  inches. 
West  ludies  to  Brazil,  rather  common;  a  large  coarse  iish  regarded  as 
iiiiwh<de8ome  by  tishormen.     (wjuii'fo?,  blue;  nrefjoi',  tiu.) 

^rl^tl>l>li<»l  c!ian<>j)ti'i-uii,  CyyiKii  \  Valknciexnks,  HiHt.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  ii,  472,  1828,  Brazil. 
;  Mrgiiiirion  pnnjtiii,  (JrviKU  iV  \'Ai-r.NeiKNNKa,  Hint.  Ts'iit.  I'nisH,  ii,  47:1, 1828,  Puerto  Rico. 
I, iitjaiius  euhern,  VOKW  \m\.  Lye.  Kiit.  llist.N.  Y.  1871,  75,  Cuba  ;  I'oEY,  Eniiiiieratio,  27, 

187,'i;  JoKDAN  &  SWAlN,  I.  (;.,442. 

I.iitjaiiits  (lenUitus,  A.  DiMliRii,  iu  Vaili.ant  iV  Bocoukt,  Miss.  Sci.  an  Mox.,  125,  1881, 

Brazil. 
I.utjaiiiiis  aj7W<lnn,  ToEY,  Syiioi>«is,  2!I4, 1808. 

Misiijirion  ei/nodoit,  VoEY,  Ittporlorio,  ii,  208, 1808;  not  (iIC'iviek  \  VAl.ENriENNES. 
l.iitjaii  iiH  fiiaiioptcnis,  Jokoan,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Xiit.  Mim.  1880, 5^4  (uxtiiiiiuutiuii  oC  l,v|te) ;  .loii 

1>A.N  &.  l-'ESLEll,  I.  C,  440. 


lGS;t.  M:0M.KMN  (JIMSKITS  (LinnmuH). 

(GUAV  SNAPPEB;    MA.NOHoVE  S.NAl'l'Ell;   CAIIELLEKOTE;   LAWYER.) 

Head  2f;  depth  2J  to  3^.  1).  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  (6)  7-50-12;  17 
pores.  IJody  comparatively  elougato,  the  back  not  strongly  compressed, 
little  elevated;  profile  almost  straight  from  snout  to  nape,  thence  gently 
convex.  Snout  rather  pointed,  ii  in  head.  Eye  rather  small,  4|  in  head. 
Iiitcrorbital  space  gently  convex,  6  in  head;  occipital  keel  little  promi- 
miit;  preorbital  rather  broad,  5.^  to  (U  in  head.  Mouth  large;  jaws  siib- 
ei|iial;  maxillary  reaching  front  of  pupil,  2'![  in  head;  upper  jaw  with  a 
niirrow  1  ud  of  villiform  teeth,  outsiile  of  which  is  a  single  eories  of 
tiilarged  teeth;  4  canines  in  front  of  npjier  jaw,  2  of  them  cpiite  large — ^ 
(liamoter  of  ej-e;  lower  jaw  with  a  very  narrow  hand  of  villiform  teeth  iu 
front  of  jaw  only ;  outside  of  these  a  single  row  of  teeth  larger  than  outer 
teeth  of  upper  jaw,  hecoming  caninelike  in  adult;  tongue  with  an  oval 
liiifeli  of  teeth,,  its  width  about  .J  its  length;  vomer  with  an  arrow-shaped 


•  -s-*        ' 


125({ 


liullctin  ./7,  U>iitcd  Stixtcs  National  Mu    nm. 


I  J: 


;'t'' 


i' 


;I  !  • 


\i\: 


piit«!h  of  tenth,  with  backward  itroloii^atioii  uii  tht<  median  Ynw,  itH  Itwi^th 
about  twic»  itH  width  in  front,     (till  raltorH  nithfr  Hhort  and  thick,  tiicir 
lun^rth  about  A  diameter  ul'  oye,  aliout  X  »\\  lower  arch,  with  no  rudimen- 
tary oneN  before  them.     Preuperclu  with  itH  jioHterior  mar^^in  nearly  verti- 
cal, with  a  ratlier  broad  and  deep  ennirv;iuation.     I'reoperclu  finely  Herrato 
almvo,  the  teeth  conrHur  at  the  alible.    HcalcH  companitivoly  lar^u,  the 
rowH  in  horizontal  Heriim  below  the  lateral  line,  thoNo  above  running  ]iar- 
Hllel  with  the  lateral  line  until  Itelow  the  Hoft  dorwal,  where  they  become 
Hli^htly  irregular  and  obli(|ue;  7  rowH  of  HcaleH  on  cheek;  an  embedded 
row  on  interopercle;  1   row  on  auliopurcle,  and  7  on  opende;  temporal 
region  with  about !{  rowH  of  \i\,\\!,a  HitaleH;  top  of  head,  Huout,  and.jawB 
naked;  liaHe  of  Noft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly;  tnbcH  of  lateral  line  branched. 
DorHal  HpincH  rather  strong,  the  outline  of  the  tin  ^fi'itly  convex,  the  fourth 
spine  lou^eHt,  2A  in  head,  the  tenth  Hpine  1  in  head;  margin  of  soft  dorHal 
rounded,  the  ninth  and  tenth  rays  lon^cHt,  H  length  of  tirut,  and  Vit,  last 
ray,  2^  in  head;  caudal  emarginate,  the  ujiper  lobe  longest,  H  length  of 
middle  rayH,  which  are  \%  iu  head;  anal  tin  high,  itHnnirginHlightly  angu- 
late,  the  middle  rayH  longest,  2  times  length  of  hint  ray,  2,>;  in  head,  tirst 
ray  reaching  almont  to  tip  of  hint  ray,  when  thi^  lin  is  depressed;  second 
anal  spine  as  long  or  slightly  longer  and  stronger  than  third,  3^  to  4  in 
head;  ventrals  IJ  in  head;  pectorals  nhortinh,  scarcely  rea«;hing  vent,  1^  in 
bead.    C'(tlor  in  life,  very  dark  green  above,  the  middle  i)art  of  each  scale 
brasny-black,  its  edge  broadly  pearly  whitiuh ;  below  lateral  line  the  duski- 
nesH  of  tli(«  middle  of  the  scale  passes  into  bransy,  and  below  into  bright 
coppery,  the  belly  and  lower  parts  of  head  being  more  or  less  distinctly 
bright  co])pery'red ;  the  lower  Jaw  grayish;  no  blue  stripe  below  ey(% 
except  in  the  very  young;  toj)  of  head  blackish-olive;  dorsal  blackish,  its 
nuirgin  darker  and  tinged  with  maroon-red;  soft  dorsal  dusky,  anteriorly 
slightly  edged  with  whitish;  caudal  violacconH  or  maroon  black;  anal 
wine-color,  edged  with  whitish;  jtectorals  pale  tlosh-color;  ventrals  whit- 
ish, faintly  marked  with  reddish.     Young  with  a  blackish  band  from  snout 
through  eye  to  najte,  very  distinct  in  life;  a  blue  streak  below  eye;  spi- 
nous dorsal  with  a  dark  maroon-«'olored  ban«l  along  edge.     Described  from 
a  H|»ecimen  from  Key  West,  11  inches  in  length.     Fishes  from  deep  water 
are  niucli  redder  than  those  taken  near  the  shore.     In  no  case  is  the  caudal 
yellowish  or  of  any  pale  shade.     West  Indies;  ranging  from  New  Jersey 
to  Brazil.    This  species  is  very  common  along  our  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
coasts  and  occasionally  strays  northward  as  far  as  Woods  Hole,  being  the 
northernmost  iu  its  range  of  any  member  of  the  genus  iu  the  Atlantic.     It 
is  everywhere  generally  known  as  gray  snapper.     In  Florida  and  the 
Bahamas,  where  the  coasts  are  lined  by  mangrove  bushes  among  which 
the  young  of  this  species  abound,  the  name  mangrove  snapper  comes  into 
use.     It  inhiioits  water  of  varying  dejtths,  large  specimens  being  often 
found  very  near  the  shore,  while  others  may  be  taken  in  waters  of  consid- 
erable depth  in  company  with  Xeomaii'm  nya.    These  latter  individuals  are 
ninch  redder  than  those  found  iu  shoal  water;  their  general  color  is  i)aler 
and  the  body  is  a  trille  less  elongate.     Such  correspond  to  the  form  named 
LutianuH  stearnai.     {(jriaeus,  gray.) 


l'i^•^ 


Jordan  and  Evcunann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      iur»7 


Tiirdiii  /linnii  hranehialibui  ear*Ht  (Mnngrovit Hn»i>|H>i),  Catebdv,  Illat.  ('uruUuu,  i>\.  0, 

I7t:i,  Bahama*. 
Ciiliallrrotf,  I'AiiiiA,  l)«H<  r.  Dit'.  I'Ut/.im,  Ili«t.  Nat.,  pi.  .'5,  lljr,  1,  17H7,  Havana. 
I.ithriit  ijiiKfU».  I.lNN.KCH,  S.vmI.  Nat.,  X,  '2M,  175H;  iiltiT  (.'ATKMiiy. 
<lianii   letraeanlhtit,    ItLocii,     luhtli.,   |il.    'J7U,    17U1,    Martinique;    on    a   ilriiwiiiK    l>y 

I'l.UMIKK. 

.\iithiaical>alUioti\  UwcH  &  SciiXKiDKii,  Synt.  Iditli.,  MIO,  IMOI.  Cuba;  uft»r  Pakua. 
Itiiiliiuiiiii  vinimt,  I.Ari:n.DK,  lliHt.  Xitt,  ToiMN.,  iv,  |)1.  4,  II;;.  :t,  18U3,  Martinique;  on  u 

ilrinviiiK  by  I'l.r.MipK. 
Mi'soitiioii  7ri>i(«,  Ci'viEK  \  Valbni'ie.vnkh,  HiHt.  Nat.  riiJHH.,  II,  460,  I8L'H,  San  Domingo; 

not  alter  l-IN.v.Kfs. 
l,i,botf»  iiiinrijinatui,  liAIltD  &  GlHAltD.  0th  Smith.  Itupt.,  332,  1H55,  Beesley  Point,  New 

Jersey. 
Luljauui  tti-anmi.  Uoode  &  IJkan,  rroc.  T.  8.  Nat.Mus.  1878,  170,  Pensacola,  Florida. 

(Typt',  N<i.  21337,  U.  8.  N.  M.    UoU.  Silas  Slcarim.) 
MffKpi-iiin  eahalliroti;  Poky,  KepiTtorio,  it,  l.'i7,  IHilH. 
l.utjanua  eaballfrulf,  I'okv,  Synop.siH,  203,   18(38;  I'liEY,  Euiiiueratlo,  20,  187B;  JouDAN  «fc 

(iii.iiEiiT,  Synopaia,  021,  1883. 
Lutjanuii ijiiteua,  Jukua.v  it  Swain,  I.e.,  430;  iIdiida.n  a  t'ESLtit,  i.  c,  441. 


1034.  .\KU.H.i:.MM  JOCr  (liliM'li  \  Scli.iui(lur). 

(l)()(t  .SrJAI'I'ER;  .fori''.) 

Iloiul  L'.i;  ilopth  21.  1).  X,  11;  A.  Ill,  S;  sciilos  (7)  «-5»;-ir),  15  po.-os. 
liody  coiiiparativoly  deep  iiinl  conii»ru8Heil,  tho  Imck  elcvatotl;  prolilc  steep 
iiihI  iiliiiOHt  Htriii^lit  t'roiii  Hiioiit  to  iiaito,  tlieiico  little  convex;  Hiioiit  rather 
Ioii^uikI  puiuted,  2i{  in  heatl;  eyo  moderate,  I ';  in  head;  interorbltal  Hpace 
iiiirrow,  g.  ntly  convex,  5,ii  in  head;  occipital  keel  moderate;  preorhital 
l)road, '1H>>  head;  month  rather  lar;re;  Jaws  Miibe(|iial;  maxillary  reaih- 
iiig  front  of  orbit,  2*  in  head;  nitper.jaw  with  a  narrow  baud  of  villiform 
teeth,  ont.side  of  which  is  a  aingle  Herien  of  larger  teeth;  l  canineo  in 
liont  of  upper  ,jaw,  2  of  them  very  large,  aliiiont  ei|naliug  in  length  the 
(liainoter  of  pupil;  lower  Jaw  with  a  narrow  villiform  band  iu  front  only, 
ji.id  a  series  of  larger  teeth  ontside,  the  largest  on  the  side  of  the  jaw 
almost  caninelike;  tongue  with  u  single  large  oval  patch  of  teeth,  its 
length  more  than  twice  its  width;  teeth  on  vomer  forming  u  broadly 
arrow-shaped  patch  with  a  backward  prolongation  on  median  Hue  twice 
the  length  of  wi«lth  of  anterior  part,  (till  rakers  rather  short  and  thick, 
the  longest  about  |  diameter  of  eye,  about  U  on  lower  part  of  arch,  witli 
no  ludimeuts  in  front  of  them.  Preoperde  with  its  posterior  margin 
slanting  oltli(inely  downward  and  forwiird,  the  emargmation  very  broad 
:nHl  shallow;  preoperele  linely  serrate  above,  the  teelh  coarser  at  the 
iiiigle,  which  is  not  salient.  Scales  moderate,  smaller  than  in  N.  yrisvuH 
(ir  .\.ajiu<lnii,  in  nearly  horizontal  series  below,  and  obliquely  upward  and 
liackward  above  the  lateral  line;  about  7  or  8  rows  of  scales  on  the  cheek; 
i  row  on  interopercle,  1  on  snbopercle,  and  7  on  opercle;  about  3  rows  of 
liirge  scales  on  the  temporal  region;  top  of  head,  snout,  and  Jaws  naked; 
tubes  of  lateral  line  branched;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly;  dorsal 
sitines  rather  strong,  the  outline  of  tlm  liu  evenly  curved,  the  fourth  and 
liftii  spines  longest,  2*  in  head;  the  tenth  spine  4  in  head;  margin  of  soft 
(l(irs;il  convex,  the  middle  rays  longest,  2^  in  head;  caudal  little  forked, 

3030 2 


1258  Bulletin  47*  United  Slates  National  Mustitm, 


\     ! 


I 


uppor  loho  tilt)  loii^ur,  l{  Inii^th  of  niiiMlo  ntyH,  \\  in  li»ail ;  niur){iii  of 
anal  well  roundtMl,  tlio  iiii<l(llo  rityH  about,  twice  Itui^tli  of  hint  rity;  tlio 
first  ray  roiirliiiiu  iiuurly  to  tip  of  lunt  ray  wiion  titu  llii  ih  «li-pr«iHHf«l ;  pec- 
turalH  rtlit^htly  fiilcato,  roiicliiii);  uliiioHt  to  front  of  ninti,  Ij^  in  luMid;  uiiul 
■piiioH  Htroii^,  tiioHuconil  rather  ioii^oHt  iiiiU  Htron^fOHt,  not  alwayx  reiidi- 
\\\\l  pant  tip  of  thinl,  :<ij  ill  lieittl.  Color  of  adult  in  lifo,  oliviifuoiiH  aliovo, 
paler  below,  much  lliiNhi>d,  ho  that  the  Ki-ni^rtil  htin  iH  ovurywhoro  eoppery- 
red;  Hides  of  body  with  iiuiiieroiiH  narrow  troHHbarH,  ra^lit^r  faint,  the  liKlit 
and  dark  of  about  equal  width,  or  the  jiule  narrower;  Hcab'H  of  upper 
partH  nw'Hially  bron/.ed;  head  coppery,  eHpecially  above;  a  broad  whitinh 
area  fnmi  eye  to  alible  of  iiioiitli,  bccoiiiiii;;  roHy  in  HjiiritH;  an  irre^^iilar 
line  of  nmall  round  or  oblonj^  npotn  below  eye,  fnuii  Huout  to  aiif^le  of 
opercle;  noft  linn  till  plain  li^ht  brick-red,  the  anal  Hiuiiewhat  orange,  the 
caudal  iiiort^  or  Idhh  yellowiHh  ;  HpimuiH  tlorsal  with  a  li^lit  orange  band  at 
banc  and  edfre,  the  middle  jiearly;  the  blue  Htripe  below  eye  pernintH 
longer  than  in  any  of  the  other  npecieH  which  poHHenH  it.  Young,  in  life, 
greeiiinh-olive,  the  head  and  breant  lluHhed  with  bright  coppery-red;  bane 
of  eacliHcale  bright  lU'aiige-ycllow,  tliiH  color  more  extensive  than  the  dark 
ground  color,  ho  that  the  general  hue  of  the  body,  enpccially  below  and 
]ioHteriorly,  in  a  rich  gohlen-vellow;  a  diiHky  Hpot  on  to])  of  head;  tempo- 
ral region  with  a  diiHky  nhiide;  an  undulating  blue  Htripe  below  eye  from 
Hiioiit  to  angltt  of  operob>;  a  Hiiniiar  fainter  Htreak  below  it;  pectoraln  ]iale 
red  or  light  orange;  ventraln  oraiigi^  other  tiuH  rich  giddeii  yellow,  the 
front  of  the  aiialand  theedgeof  theHpinoiisdoiHal  rich,  clc-ir,  bright  orange. 
Described  from  a  Hpeciiiien  12  iiichcH  in  length.  Wc  Mlien,  north  to 
Fl'irida  Keys,  Houth  to  liahia;  occaHiimally  north  to  <  itole,  ManH. 

ThiH  s])ocie8  is  about  e(|iially  abundant  with  N.apodttH  about  Florida  Keyis 
and  Cuba.    (From  Cuban  namo^'ocu.) 

Joeii\,  rxnRA,  Doscr.  Dif.  l'ii«/.im,  Hint.  Nat.,  i,  pi.  2,'),  flj;.  2,  1787,  Cuba. 
Anthiaijoeii,  IJi.cm'ii  \  .SrnNi:u)KU,  S.vhI.  Irlitli.,  :U0,  IHOl,  Cuba;  afUM-  I'arra. 
Metoprinn  litura,  (Juviek  Jk.  VAm.vciENNic.s,  Hint.  Nnt.  PoIhb.,  ii,  407,  182H,  Cayenne;  St. 

Thomas. 
Metopiionjiieu,  CuviEU  A-  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Xnt.  I'liiss.,  ii,  400,  1828. 
Lutjamm  jocu,  PoKV,  Synopsis,  202,  l8ii8;  .Ioudan  tit  .Swain,  I.  c,  437;  Jdhdan  A:  Kksi.ku, 

I.  e.,  443. 

1686.  NEON.K.MS  APOIM'S  (WnlbHiini). 

(SCHOOUIASTEH;    CAJ(.) 

Head  2A;  depth  2i.  I).  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8;  Hcalcs  (-,)  fi-l2  to  .l;-)-13,  :{»> 
pore.s  in  lateral  line.  Hody  ciiiiiparntively  deep,  moderately  comprcsHed, 
the  back  considerably  elevated;  profile  almost  straight  from  snout  to 
najie,  the  nuchal  region  rather  convex;  snout  unusually  long  and  pointed, 
its  outline  before  eye  a  little  depressed,  its  length  2'^  in  liead;  eye  moder- 
ate, H  i»  head;  interorbital  space  tluttish  or  gently  convex,  oA  in  head; 
mouth  largo,  maxillary  reaching  front  of  orbit,  2i{  in  head;  upper  jaw 
with  a  narrow  band  of  villiforiii  teeth,  outside  of  which  is  a  single  series 
of  larger  teeth;  4  canines  in  front  of  upper, jaw;  I  of  them  on  each 
Hide  very  large,  almost  as  long  as  pupil;  lower  Jaw  with  a  narrow  villi- 
form  baud  iu  front  only,  and  an  enlarged  .series  outside,  these  largest  on 


,  U 


I  I! 
.ti. 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — fishes  of  North  America,     1250 


■iiloof  J»w,  whoro  BOiiio  of  tliAiii  ur«t  Hoinowlint  ctiiiiii«)Uk<<;  toii^iin  with 
II  Hinuin  InrKo  ovul  pittoh  of  toftli,  Uh  leiiKtli  iiiiuo  tliiiii  twiro  Uh  wiiltli; 
ttM'th  oil  vomer  foriiiiit){  mi  urrow-Hliii|HMl  patrh  with  Iturkwunl  |»roloiiKii- 
tioii  oil  iiHHlinn  lliiu,  tliu  l«MiKtli  of  which  Ih  twice  thn  width  of  tU»  arrow- 
patvli  in  front.     <>iil-rui<erH  riUlit^r  dhort  anil  thirk,  the  loiiKeiit  about 
i   diiktiiuter  of  «.Y«S  ahoiit  U  on   htwor  part  of  anh.      rnuiporch^   with 
jtH  poHt«tri«>r  marKin  diiuctiMl  Noniewhat  olili<|iud,v  forward,  iiHUaliy  vory 
wt<:kiy  oniurKinato,   Hiitdy  «errato   abovu,   almont  viitire  at   the  an^In. 
S«utl«M  hir^e,  dixtidcdly  larger  than  in  N.  jocii ;  the  Heri«*n  heiow  the  hitrral 
lino  alinoHt  hori/.outal,    tlione  above   in   rowH   parallel  with   the   lateral 
Vuw,  theHe  becoming  more  or  Iohn   irreK<>l>^r   puHtoriorly  and  extending 
upward  and   backward   lielow  Hoft  dornftl;  about  7   rowH  of  hcuIch  on 
tlio  ciioekN,    1  row  on  interopt'rclc,   1  on  Hubo|ierele,  and  7  on  opcrcle; 
temporal  region  with  n  few  lar^e  sralnii  in  about  2  rows;  bane  of  Hoft 
diii'Mal  and  anal  Hcaly ;   tuiivH  of  lateral  line  rath  with  4  or  R  bninchoH. 
Doi'Mal  Hpineti  Htroii);,  the  outline  of  the  fin  not  Ki'<3<i>tly  toiivox,  thi<  fourth 
Hpiiie  lon){eHt,  2i{  in  head,  the  tenth  Hpine  I  in  head;  niar^iu  of  soft  duixal 
\\>>l\  rounded,  the  niiddlb  rayH  longtmt,  twice  leugth  of  hirtt,  2}  in  head; 
caudal  not  deeply  forked,  the  upper  lobe  longest,  1^  length  of  iiiiildle  rayH, 
whit'h  are  2  in  head;  margin  of  anal  well  rounded,  itH  middle  rays  twice 
lrn>;th  of  liiHt,  2f  in  head,  the  fitHt  ray  reaching  abinit  to  middle  of  lant 
when  the   tin  in  depreaned;  anal  HpineH  Htrong,  the  Hocoiid  longer  than 
third,  3j\  in  head;  vcntralM  2  in  he    I ;  pectoralH  reacliing  to  fnint  of  anal, 
li^  in  hea<l.     (.'olor  of  young  in  life,  greeiiiHh,   with  about  8  very  nar- 
row vertical  paler  bars  on  body;  acaleu  of  lower  part  of  sides  with  cen- 
tral orange  spotH,  forming  faint  Htreaks  along  the  rowH  of  Hcalea;  liolly 
pearly ;  head  greeniah ;  a  blackish  streak  from  Huoiit  through  eye  to  nape; 
a  narrow,  sharply  dedned  blue  stripe  liolow  eye  from  snout  to  angle  of 
oporcle;  no  lateral  spot;    spinous  dorsal  edged   with  orange;  ventrals, 
auid,  and  caudal  pale  orange-yellow;  pectorals  paler.     The  adult  exam- 
ples ditfer  from  the  young  in  the  vertical  bars  being  fainter  or  obstdete, 
and  in  the  absence,  usually,  of  the  blue  stripe  below  eye  and  the  dark 
stripe  on  temporal  region;  the  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  are  always 
yellow,  of  varying  intensity,  and  the  edge  of  thespinous  dorsal  is«n-ange, 
not  dusky;  the  whitish  area  below  the  eye,  very  constant  in  X.jocu,  is 
wanting  in  X  apodiig.     Length  of  specimen  described  from  Key  West,  9 
luclieH.     West   Indies;    north  to  Key  West,  south  to  Bahia.      Straying 
m nth  rarely  to  Woods  Hole.     (<r,  privative;  ttouS,  foot;  I'atesby  having 
Mc<.'1uctod  to  add  Electoral  tins  to  his  rough  drawing;  coxia  is  the  plural 
of  the  Cuban  name  caji,  formerly  spelled  eaxi.) 

.'I'erra  viarina  jiinnit  branchialihua  earenn  (Schoolmaster),  ('ateshv,  Ilist.  Caroliuu,  etc., 
tall.  41,  1743,  Bahamas;  flgiire  viiry  ]>oor,  the  i<ectornl  tins  oinitt«<l. 

Caxit,  l>AKitA,  Dfscr.  Dif.  Piezas,  Hist.  Nat.,  pi.  8,  lig.  2,  1787,  Havana. 

.'I'rrca  apoda  ("  Forstek,  Oatnl.  of  .\nim.,  M.S.,  21,"  1774;  printed  1844),  Wai.baum,  Artedi 
IMscimn,  .151,  1702;  baHed  on  the  .SchooIiiia.st«M-  of  Cateshy. 

,s>'rri(.v  cn.ri»,  lU-oon  i*t  ScBNKlDKR,  fchth.,  284,  1801,  Havana;  after  Pakra. 

lli'idaiiiis  utriatuii,  JJloch  &.  Schnkider,  .Syst.  Ichth.,  Sa,*),  pi.  65,  1801,  West  Indies;  luid 
jirintftd  albottriatus,  p.  2;i7;  culled  B.  fasdatug  on  plate. 

Lutjanui  aeutiroatris,  Desmarest,  I'reui.  Dec.  Ichth.,  12,  pi.  3,  1823,  Cuba. 


12()()         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


Meuojiiiun  ci/iwdun,  CrviKit  \  \'ai,knciennk.s,  llisl.  Nut.  I'diMs.,  ii.  405,  182H,  Martinique: 

San  Domingo. 
Mf^d/irion  Ulna.  CuviEii  &.  Vai,en("IKNNES,    Mint.   Niii.  ToImh.,  ii,   108,  IS'.'S,  Cuba;  San 

Domingo. 
Mciiijiiioii  jturi'scom.  CUVIER  &.  Vai.E.n<'1i;?.NI:.s,  IlisK  Nat.  I'ois.s..  ll,  472,  182H,  Martinique. 
Mesiiiirion  vaxin,  I'OKV,  Uciicrt  Ti;),  ii,  '.'Oil,  lH(i8. 
Luljannn  cn.ri*.  I'oioY,  SyiiopwiH,  2U.t,  IrtdK;  I'ohy,  ICiiuiiitiriilio,  '.'"i,  1875;  Joudan  \-  Swai.n, 

I.  C,  4;i5;  JOUUAN  \  J''li.SI,EU,  l.C.,ii\i. 


$f 


■1! 


ll ' 


1 


I  i 


■1ir::: 


UMUi.  M-:0.>l  KMS  AlUJKVriVI-lM'ltlS  (I'utds). 

(I'AUIIC)    .\.-\IAIfII.I.O.) 

Head  2:-; ;  doptli  2h  I).  X,  1 1 ;  A.  Ill,  S;  Hcalcs  5-15-11';  15  poi-es.  lUu\y 
foriiw'd  us  in  X.  apodua,  iiKxleiatoly  »oin[(rc88e«l,  tlio  hack  coiisidenibly cl«- 
vatrd;  )»roliUi  Hti'iiijfht  or  Hlij^htly  (•(uicavofiom  .snout  toiiapo;  tho  iiiiclial 
region  rather  convex;  snout  Ion;;  and  jtointcd,  iintirioily  soniowliat  de- 
pressed, its  length  H  in  head  ;  eye  moderate,  l:'s  in  head  ;  interorhital  (spa<*> 
very  gently  conxex,  its  width  (i.l  in  head;  month  larye,  maxillary  reacdi- 
inj;  a  little  ])a8t  front  of  orldt,  its  lentrtli  ',i  in  head;  iippi-r  jaw  witli  two 
stronj;;  canines  in  fiont,  rather  weaker  than  in  .V.  ((poilim;  lower  jaw  with 
the  t«M>th  in  the  onter  series  enlarj^ed,  some  of  the  lateral  teeth  larj^est, 
hnt  Hcarcel;, caniuelike;  teeth  on  tonj;ne  in  a  sinj^Ii!  larjie,  (ddonjj;  patcli ; 
teeth  on  vomer  forminj;-  an  arrow-shajied  patch,  willi  a  long  hacdcward 
prolongation  <>n  the  median  liin?.  (Jill  rakers  ratiiei'  few  and  short,  ahmit 
7  on  lower  part  of  anterior  arch,  these  not  itreceded  by  indiments.  I'lco 
p«!rcle  with  its  posterior  margin  extending  downward  and  forward,  \  t!i y 
weakly  emargin.  t<',  linely  .serrate  iibove,  ahnost  «'ntire  at  the  angle. 
Scales  large,  much  as  in  ,V.  upoihis,  tho  series  above  the  lateral  line  almost 
horizontal,  and  thronghoiit  parallel  with  tho  lateral  line;  scales  below 
lateral  line  anteriorly  in  series  running  somewhat  upward  and  backward  ; 
postiTioily  in  horizontal  series;  (5  rows  of  scales  on  the  cluudv ;  a  band  of 
about  15  series  of  rather  large  scales  on  tho  tohiporal  region;  oft  dorsal 
and  iinal  scaly;  tultes  of  lateral  line  each  with  I  or  5  branches.  Dorsal 
spines  strong,  tho  longest  I'f;  in  head;  margin  of  soft  dorsal  wll  roiimled. 
tho  middle  rays  I!  in  head;  caudal  not  deeply  forked,  the  njtper  lobe  I  ■ 
in  head;  anal  tin  rather  high,  somewhat  rounded,  tho  longest  rays  2,',  in 
head;  anal  spines  strong,  the  second  stronger  and  larger  than  third,  !? ■  in 
head;  vontrals  Ii  in  head;  pectorals  reaching  about  to  front  of  anal,  !] 
in  head.  Color  in  spirits,  bn.  wiilsh  above,  paler  below;  each  scale  of  sides 
somewhat  silvery  near  its  middle,  tiiese  forming  narrow  and  rather  dis 
tinct  dull  silvery  streaks  which  follow  tho  directicm  of  the  rows  of  scialcs: 
a  bluish  horizontal  streak  below  eye,  most  distinct  in  young  example-: 
(ins  palo;  l)ack  olivaceous,  .aiiterior  parts  washed  with  maroon-red,  briglii 
on  sides  of  head,  bocDining  more  orange  posteriorly ;  posterior  hall  Of  l»od\ 
bright  yellow;  some  i)ale  streaks  ou  scales;  pectorals  light  orange-red; 
other  tins  mostly  bright  yeUow;  a  row  of  round  bine  spots  below  eye; 
belly  silvery,  slightly  washed  with  red;  inside  of  mouth  white;  iris  white. 
'I'ho  above  description  is  from  a  s::eeiinen  from  Mazatlan  11  inches  in 
length,  l-ength  2  foet.  Tacilic  coast  of  tropical  .\nierica,  generally  com 
uion  ou  the  I'acilic  coast  of  Mexico  aud  (Jcniral  America.     It  bears  consid- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmajin. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1201 


onihlt'  roscmbliince  to  ,V.  apodim,  Jocii,  iiikI  firinrus,  Imt  is  (li.stiiict  fivini  all 
tlio.se.     (arijcntum ,  silver;  vcnier,  Itnllv.) 

Mi'.iopfiiiii  (iru'iitireiilrin,  I'ETKH.s,  lii'i'lin.  Mtiiiatslicr.,  704,  lH(ii».  Mazatlan. 

l.iilianiiK  tiriii'iitirfulri.i,  <Touu\S  >V   SwAl.v,  /.  <•.,  4114;   Kvkhmann  \  .Ienkins,  I'ror.  I".  S. 

Niit.  Mils.  1«!»1,  14<'>;  JouiiAN  \  Fk.xi.eii,  I.  <•.,  4U. 
lAiliiinuKaiijentiventriit,  Juuda.n,  Fishes  Siiialoii,  4.'>.'>. 

1«:17.  NKO.M.K.MS  I.IT.IA\OII)i:S  (I'oty). 

Tliis  specios  is  known  only  from  Tucy'.s  (Icsciiption.  Its  describer  hiis 
sii<i"c.stoil  till!  posisiliiiity  of  its  iKMnj-  u  liylnid  bt^tween  (hjinriiH  clnifHitnts 
and  XiOtniiHis  apitdnx.      Tlio  lollowinj^  is  l*o(^y's  original  description  : 

I'lii'  lisli,  it'iJiit  im(lonl)(('<U.v  Imloiifiiiij;'  to  tli('};('iiii.s  <>c)/iini.i  of  Trot'cssor  (iill,  oi  wliicli 
I  lie  Misiq>ni)ni-hriinurui  is  tli<!t.v|«',  conit's  nearer  to  it  thau  t')«iiy  ollinrKoiiUH,  l>y  tlic  Itilur- 
ciilioii  of  its  caiiilal  decipc.r  tiiaii  in  LtiljanuH  jont,  caxin,  eabalUroti',  »'tc.  'I'lio  pointed 
^iiiiiit  iind  tlii'liinj;'  canines  would  liriui;-  it  anions  these  last.  Kroni  itscoh>r.s  the  lisliei'nioii 
leil  loeonsider  it  a  hylirid  lietween  tlie..!/.  rlni/siniNi  and  llio  .V.  caxls.     Tliey  "(ten  t  litis 


ilisiiose  o 


f  a  new  tish,  as  in  tlie  case  of  tht^  Oci/tirun  ainhiij 


II  US 


and  <iiirovittalu,i.     I'.nt  a.s 


^iiili  liv'ii  i'lf'  '^'"0  ''•"■•'  '"""S  "•''''•  '""I  especially  so  anioiii;  t  licsc?  fieiiera,  it  is,  I  believe, 
lijilit  to  consider  the  ju'esent  six'cios  as  a  jjood  one.  The  total  leiifjth  'Jlto  niilliniuters,  or 
1 1. 1.'p  inches.  The  heifjht  of  the  hody,  ei|nal  to  the  length  of  the  head,  i.i  contained  .Ij 
limes  in  the  total  lentftli.  'I'lie  eye  is  lather  hif;h  up,  and  halfway  from  snout  to  tip  of 
ii|it  r(  le.  Till'  nostiils  are  on  tiio  niiildio  of  the.  siuiut,  rather  wideapart.  the  posterior ono 
iiIiIdiii:.  The  iiiouth  is  snialf,  tor  tint  tMids  of  the  nia\illai'i<^s  are  under  the  posttTior  nos- 
iiil.  The  preopendo  is  only  sli^jhtly  notched,  tinely  denticulated;  the  opercle  withouv  ii 
■-liinous  iioint.  The  ti'ctli  are  in  ono  row,  the  canines  rathi'r  long,  -'nid  hehind  them  there 
.'lie  ns|ii'rities:  tin;  palatine  arch  has  teeth  and  the  ton^ut^  is  roii<;h.  'I'he  lateral  line 
liiisalMiiil  .">">  scah^s,  (>  rows  ahove  and  15  helow  it;  tliere  are  .scali's  on  the  opercles  and 
tiiii|ilis,  I  lie  rest  of  t!u!  head  nak(Ml.  The  Hca]>iilar  hones  Khowoutsid(!.  There  ari'  very 
siiiiill  scales  on  the  intersiitial  hasci  of  the  soft  rays  of  the  vertical  lin.  I).  10,  14; 
A.  :i.  8.  Tli(<  [xisterior  honhws  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  are  rounded.  The  caudal  lohes  are 
cliiiiuatcd,  hut  less  so  than  in  tUi'  M.  cliriiniinix.  The  pectoral  is  pointed,  contained  4J 
liiiii  s  in  the  total  len;;th.  T'he  three  tirst  sjuny  rays  of  the  dorsal  j;'""l"iilly  increase  in 
leiinlh,  the  last,  or  tenth  one,  not  longer  than  tlm  preceding;  ones.  The  soft  rays  of  the 
iloisal  ;ind  anal  iii'c  all  l)ranched  and  llattened.  The  color  is  a  hrownish-jfreen,  the  alido- 
iiicii  |i;ilcr,  ti  hrown  hands  fall  vertically  from  back  over  the  sides:  a  broad  and  intcr- 
iii|ilril  stripi'  of  a  fi'reeni.sh  color  extends  from  the  upper  jiart  <d'  the  opercle  to  the  base  of 
ilii  iniidal,  resenihlin;;  Oeiniriin  chri/ioiru.i  and  aiiroritfniis.  I  have  seen  this  tish  hut 
iini'c.  iiiul  I  sent  the  spei:imen  to  the  United  States,  either  to  I'rofessor  Ajfassi/,  or  to  Mr. 
liicvnort.    It  hears  my  No.  16;i. 

Cuba;  ono  specimen  known.     {f.ufjani(s;  f/'(5o?,  likeness.) 

Dniiiiiixliitjaiwiili'ii,  ToKV,  .\nn.  Lye.  Nat    Ili.st.  N.  Y.,  I.\,  1871,  ;!!!>,  Cuba. 
Liiiiiiiiiiiilutjanoitli-s,  I'oi;v,  Enumeratio,  30,  1875;  Jokuan  &.  Swai.v,  I.  e.,  458;  .Iordan  & 
1  ii-i.i;ii,  /.  c,  445. 


n 


1«;{S.  >F(>M.1':MS  nrCCANKLIiA  (Cuvier\  Valenciennes). 
(Sk.SI   I)K   I,0  Al.ri);   OUEU.l.K   NOUJE;    HOUCANELLR ;    BLACK-FIN  SNAITEK.) 

lliadL'i;  depth  2.i.  1).  X,  14;  A  111,8;  scales  8-03-1;"),  50  pores.  I'.ody 
rutluT  .slender,  snhclliptical,  the  back  nioderatcly  elevated  ;  ])rolile  almost 
stniiiiiitiVom  .suont  to  nape,  tlieuceconvt^K;  siunit  rather  long  and  pointed, 
;>',  in  head;  eye  large, '3.V  in  head.  Interorbital  space  slightly  convex, 
."i;;  in  head,  the  occi]»ital  ridgo  low;  preorbital  rather  narrow,  7i  in  head; 
inuulii  rather  small,  the  jaws  subeciual ;  maxillary  reaching  almost  to  I'nmt 


1262  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


■X' 


(it 


of  pupil,  2]^  iu  head;  upper  jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth, 
outside  of  which  is  a  series  of  moderately  enlarged  teeth ;  4  rather  strong 
canines,  2  of  them  longer,  about  i  diameter  of  pupil ;  lower  jaw  with 
a  single  series  of  unequal  teeth  as  strtmg  as  upper;  inside  of  these  is 
a  narrowband  of  villiform  teeth  in  frort  of  jaw  only;  tongue  with  a 
single  long  oval  patch '»''  loeth,  its  length  more  than  twice  its  width; 
vomer  with  a  broadly  arrow-shajwd  patch  (»f  teeth  with  a  backward 
])ro1ongation  on  nsedian  line,  its  length  scarcely  greater  than  width 
of  patch  ill  frtint;  no  teeth  on  pterygoid  or  hyoid  bones.  Gill  rakers 
numerous,  about  12  developed  on  lower  part  of  areh,  besides  5  or  6  very 
small  or  riiuimentary  ones,  those  near  the  angle  larger,  their  length  2\ 
in  eye.  Preopercle  with  its  posterior  margin  oblique  and  nearly  straight, 
a  broad  and  rather  shallow  notch  above  its  angle,  its  edge  strongly  ser- 
rate, the  teeth  coarser  at  angle  and  on  lower  limb.  Scales  rather  small, 
the  rows  above  the  lateral  line  running  ujiward  and  backward,  the  rows 
below  nearly  horizontal;  about  6  rows  of  scales  on  the  cheeks,  1  or  2 
rows  on  interopercle,  1  row  on  siibopercle,  7  or  8  rows  on  opercle ;  bases 
of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly,  the  outline  of  the  tins  rather  strongly 
convex ;  temporal  region  with  a  band  of  large  scales,  behind  which  are 
small  scales;  top  of  head,  snout,  and  jaws  naked.  Dorsal  spines  mod- 
erately strong,  the  fifth  spine  2f  in  head,  the  tenth  spine  3^  in  head; 
margin  of  soft  dorsal  nearly  straight,  its  rays  almost  of  equal  length, 
3f  in  head ;  caudal  moderately  forked,  the  upper  lob«^  slightly  the  longer. 
If  length  of  middle  rays,  which  are  2i  in  head;  margin  of  anal  gently 
convex,  the  middle  rays  slightly  longer  than  last,  2^  in  head,  the  tip  ol' 
first  soft  ray  almost  reaching  tip  of  last  ray  when  the  fin  is  depressed ; 
anal  spines  strong,  the  second  longer  and  stronger  than  third  spine,  2f  in 
head;  ventrals  1*  in  head;  pectorals  reaching  opposite  first  soft  ray  of 
anal,  1^  in  head.  Color  in  life  <-rimsou,  silvery  below,  flushed  with  crimson ; 
axil  and  base  of  pecttirals  jet-black ;  eye  orange;  dorsal  crimson,  its  edge 
scarlet;  caudal  orange-yellow,  as  also  part  of  caudal  peduncle;  last  rays 
of  soft  dorsal,  most  of  anal  and  ventrals,  yellow;  pectorals,  base  of  anal, 
and  ventral  spines  pinkish.  In  spirits  the  bright  colors  fade,  leaving  th«; 
body  pale  reddish,  the  base  of  the  pectoral  within  and  without  jet-black. 
West  Indies ;  a  small  and  strongly  marked  species,  common  in  the  deeper 
waters  about  Havana,  and  known  in  the  markets  as  «C8t  or  seat  de  lo  alto, 
{bouoanelle,  a  name  used  in  Martinique.) 

Metoprion  bticcanella,  Cuvieb  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  ii,  455,  1828,  Marti- 
nique; (iOntiieii,  Cat.,  I,  198. 

Megoprion  candanotatiis,  PoEY,  Meinorias,  I,  pi.  3,  fig.  2,  440,  1851,  Cuba. 

Lutjaniis  buecanella,  I'OEV,  Synopsis,  295, 1808;  Jordan  «fc  Swain,  i.e., 445;  Jordan,  Prot. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1889,  618;  Jordan  &.  Feslbr,  I.  c,  445. 


I.  '1 


1039.  NKO.n.KXIS  VIVAMJ8  (Cuvier  &  Valoiicieimes). 
(Paboo  de  lo  Alto;  Silk  Snapper.) 

Head  2f;  depth  3.  D.  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  (7)  8-72-17,  50  pores. 
Body  rather  slender,  subelliptical,  the  back  not  greatly  elevated;  profile* 
very  slightly  convex  from  snout  to  nape,  thence  more  arched ;  snout  rathei' 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1263 


\,  Proc. 


i 


I 


jores. 
Irofilts 
lather 


long  and  pointtMl,  3  in  liead ;  eye  ratbor  liirge,  4  in  liead ;  interorbital  8i»ace 
slifjlitly  convex,  4if  in  lif»ad,  tho  occipitnl  keel  not  very  prominent;  proor- 
bitiil  rather  broad,  '•>}  in  head;  month  rather  sinall;  .jaws  snbeipial;  max- 
iliiiry  roachiiig  front  of  pnpil,  2i  in  head;  nppcr  Jaw  with  a  narrow  band 
of  villiform  teeth,  outHide  of  which  is  a  single  series  of  well-developed 
teetli;  I  moderate  canines  in  front  of  'aw,  the  2  longest  abcmt  A  diame- 
ter ol'juipil;  lowc^r  jaw  with  a  single  series  of  rather  large,  nne(inal 
teetli,  Inside  of  which  is  a  very  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth  in  front  of 
jaw  only;  tongne  with  an  oval  patch  of  tectli,  about  twice  as  long  as 
Itroad.  in  front  of  which  is  a  ronndisli  patch;  no  teeth  on  hyoid  bone; 
j)trcygoids  toothless;  vomer  with  a  broudly  arrow-sliaped  patch  of  tooth, 
with  a  backward  prolongation  on  median  lino  somewhat  longer  than  width 
(sl  the  ]»atch  in  front,  (iill  rakers  slender,  their  length  almost  ecpial  to 
,),  diameter  of  eye,  about  11  developed  below  the  angle,  in  front  of  these 
about  5  rudiments,  rreopercle  with  posterior  limb  slanting  slightly 
downward  and  forward,  with  a  b;oad  an<l  rather  shallow  emargination, 
its  margin  iinely  serrate  above;  coarser  teetli  at  the  angle  and  on  lower 
limb ;  jiosterior  nostril  oval.  S<ale8  very  small,  tiie  rows  running  obliquely 
upward  and  backward  above  the  lateral  line,  the  rows  being  almost  hori- 
zontal; 7  rows  of  scales  on  cheek,  2  rows  on  interoporclo,  \\  rows  on  sub- 
opercle,  and  about  8  on  opercle;  temporal  region  with  1  row  of  largo 
scales  behind  which  are  smaller  ones ;  top  of  head,  snout,  and  jaws  naked ; 
bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly.  Dorsal  spines  rather  strong,  the  outline 
of  lin  rather  strongly  convex  and  without  deep  emargination,  fourth  spine 
longest,  2;f  in  head;  the  tenth,  3i  in  head;  margin  of  soft  dorsal  straight- 
ish,  rounded  behind,  the  ninth  ray  longest,  H  length  of  lirst  and  two  times 
last  ray,  2Jl  in  head;  caudal  lunate,  the  upper  lobe  slightly  longer  than 
lower,  its  length  lA  times  middle  rfiys,  which  are  2  in  head;  margin  of 
anal  angulato,  the  middle  rays  longest,  2  times  length  of  last  ray.  If 
in  bead,  the  first  ray  reaching  almost  to  tip  of  last  ray,  when  tlio  hn  is 
depressed ;  ventrals  1  j  in  head ;  pectorals  not  (juite  reaching  front  of  anal, 
1!,  in  head;  second  anal  spine  slightly  bmger  than  third,  3i  in  head. 
Color  in  life,  bright  rose-color,  paler  below,  some  narrow,  undulating, 
light  golden  streaks  following  the  rows  of  scales  above  the  lateral  line; 
iris  always  bright  yellow  (an  important  color  mark);  mouth  reddish 
witliin;  traces  of  dark  lateral  spot  in  most  specimens;  dorsal  rosy,  its 
tiiiso  palo,  its  edge  yellow ;  caudal  rosy,  dusky  behind,  stmietinies  blood- 
ied at  tip;  pectorals  very  pale  yellow,  ventrals  and  anal  pale  rosy,  the 
iiitter  yellowish  behind.  The  bright  colors  all  fade  and  disappear  in 
spirits.  The  scales  of  the  upper  parts,  in  spirits,  are  niarkod  with  dark 
(lilts,  which  form  stre.iks  along  the  rows  of  scales.  Described  from  a  sjiec- 
imen  from  Cuba,  10  inches  in  length.  West  Indies.  A  handsome  species, 
riitber  connnon  in  the  markets  of  Havana,  where  it  is  known  as  the  ixinjo 
<le  lo  altu.  When  fresh  it  may  always  be  known  by  the  bright  yellow  color 
of  the  eye,  a  color  which  docs  not  entirely  fade  in  spirits.  (From  the 
1  rencli  nameri/vo/c/,  use«lat  Martiniiiue,  probably  allied  to  rivax,  "lively.") 

Mi'sojirio))  vivanus,  Covikk  A-,  Valenciennes,  Iliat.  N.it  Poiss.,  u,  -IM,  IS'.'S,  Martinique. 
Mixdinidit  profundus,  PoEY,  ileinorias,  ll,  15u,  1800,  Cuba;  Jounw  &  SWAlN,  i.e., 444. 


12G4 


Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  A/iisei<m. 


LuljaiiUi  forridiin,  (!ni'K,  'I'raiis.  Am.  IMiHoh.  S<ic.  180!),  -JOH,  St.  Kitts. 

Liiljaniia  iniri)iin'ii.i,  Tokv.  KniiiiH'rMtio,  2!),  1H7.')  (iiiiirio  liikrii  rroiii  Mfmijirion  pufjiureun, 

(Ji'ViKU  i\^  Valuni'minnks,  HJHt.  \)it.  I'oi.ss.,  ii,»7l,  IHIJS;  tlifimiiui7/(nv(»/<iai'vi(l<'iill.v 

11  Hlip  III'  (lie  |i(Mi  for  (iii(t). 
Mi:inprioHtiii(i,  (UviVAl  \  Vai.ENciennks,  IliHi.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  il,   t.l",  IHL'8;  ('.(iNlllEU.  Cut., 

I,  19H,  I «.■>!». 
I.iiljaniis  jifofvmliis.  Poky,  KniniM'riitio, 'J8,  IHT.'i. 
Lutjaniiti  I'iraniin,  .Iouuan,  I'riM^  I',  S.  Niil.  Mun.  Ihho.  (IJS;  Jokiia.n  \-  Fk.si.ku,  i.  ('.,445. 


■■■.V 


111 


/,     '' 


!!;■:' 


iff  ■ 

'lU; 


I«IO.  NKON.K.MS  AYA*  (ni'X'li). 

(IvKD  SNAri'Kll;    I'AUIll)  ('dLOUADO;    rAKOo  ( llIAIIIINANfiO ;    ACARA  AVA.) 

IIoiul  2;!;  depth  2».  1).  X,  II;  A.  Ill,  !»;  sciiles  (7)  S-60-15,  poreH  KJ. 
Hody  nitln'V  doej),  niodiT.atoly  coiu]H'csH(id,  tlio  back  well  elevated,  pro- 
lile  steej),  and  almost  Htraifijht  from  suimt  to  nape.  Snout  rather  pointed, 
2!  in  head;  eye  moderate,  5.}  in  liead  (larj^er  in  younf?).  Interorbital 
space  an<;ulate  or  strongly  convex,  5  in  head;  occipital  keel  strong;  i>r<'- 
orbital  rather  broad,  5  in  bead;  month  rather  largo,  maxillary  reaching 
front  of  orbit,  2i  in  head;  n]>per  jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of  villi  form 
teeth,  outside  of  which  is  a  row  of  larger  but  comparatively  small  teeth; 
•1  canines  in  front,  2  (sometimes  dujdicate)  of  them  larger,  their  length 
about  i  diameter  of  eye;  lower  Jaw  with  a  single  row  of  rather  suiall 
teeth,  usually  largest  on  side  of  .jaw,  Avhc^rt^  some  of  them  are  almost 
caninelike;  within  these  is  a  very  narrow  hand  of  villi  form  teeth  in  front 
of  jaw  only;  tcmgue  with  a  broad  oval  patch  of  teeth,  scarcely  twice  as 
broad  as  long;  in  front  of  this  patch  is  a  small  irregular  patch;  vomer 
with  a  broadly  arrow-shajied  patch,  with  a  rather  short  backward  pro- 
longation <m  median  line,  its  length  about  e«|naliug  width  of  patch  in 
front,  (iill  rakers  moderate,  their  length  about  A  diameter  of  eye,  H  on 
lower  arch,  rrcojiercle  with  its  ])osteri(U'  margin  about  vertical,  its 
emargination  deep,  its  <!dge  rather  linely  serrate  above,  coarser  at  the 
angle,  dentate  on  the  lower  border.  Si-ales  rather  lai'ge,  the  rows  hori- 
zontal below  Literal  line,  the  rows  above  running  backward  and  upward ;  (> 
rows  of  scales  on  cheek,  1  on  the  interopercle,  1  on  subojjercle,  and  7  on 
opercle ;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly ;  pores  of  lateral  line  branched ; 
temporal  region  with  a  broad  l)and  of  scales,  with  a  few  scattering  ones 
l)elow  it;  top  of  head,  snout,  and  jaws  naked.  Dorsal  spines  rather 
strong,  the  outline  of  the  tin  moderately  convex,  the  fourth  and  iifth 
spines  longest,  2;i{  in  liead;  the  tenth  spine  ;ibout  1  in  head;  margin  of 
soft  dorsal  nearly  straight,  the  tin  pointed  behind;  tlie  middle  rays  little 
longer  than  iirstray,  1.V  length  of  last,  3  in  head ;  caudal  Innate,  the  upper 
lobe  scarcely  longer  than  lower,  its  length  1|  times  length  of  middle  rays, 

*  The  type  of  Menoprion  campechanus  pxaniined  by  U8  at  Havana  is  a  stuffed  skin  of  a 
yoiiiiff  lisl),  apparently  bcloiiginjj  to  this  species.  Iii  this  siuiciineu  the  eye  is  larfjer  than 
It  should  lie  in  :i  red  snapper df  that  size,  it  beinfi,  as  Poey  has  correctly  stated,  4  in  bead. 
This  lartie  size  is,  however,  jirobably  due  to  the  shrinkage  of  the  orbit  in  drying.  I'oey 
also  counts  "6fi  scales  above  tb(^  lateral  line  and  .53  below,  "  a  larger  niiiiibor  than  others 
couut  in  this  species  This  ditference  is  doubtless  dependent  on  the  luethod  of  counting. 
Tlio  type  of  Lutjaiius  hlackfordi  is  of  course  the  iiresent  species,  and  the  tirst  good 
description  of  the  species  is  that  jmblished  by  (Joocle  &  Jiean  under  this  name.  "We  are 
forced,  however,  to  adhere  to  our  original  view,  tliat  the  name  campechanvi  certainly 
belongs  to  the  same  tisb,  and  tlie  still  older  name  ni/rt.  is  as  well  authenticated  as  the 
names  given  by  Blnch  are  likely  to  bo.  We  can  not  therefore  make  uao  of  the  uaiuo 
hlackfordi  as  tlie  specilic  name  of  the  red  snapper. 


A.  m^} 


Jordan  and  Eirrnuuni. — Fislws  of  North  Ainerica.      1205 

wliich  ill'*'  1;  in  h(!a<l;  iiiai^xin  nl'  tiiiiil  strongly  iuigiilato,  tlir  middle  rayn 
rciicliiiijt  iMiiiily  to  t)a8»(  of  caudal,  2A  l«^nytli  of  la-st  ray,  11  in  lioad;  tho 
lirst  lay  narlics  about  to  uiiddlti  of  last  ray  when  tlio  (in  is  doprcssud ; 
anal  spinos  Htrong,  tho  Horond  scarcely  as  lonj;  an  third,  1  in  head; 
\ciitrjils  11  ill  head;  ])cctoral.s  rcachiiij^  to  front  of  Jiiial  lin,  1!  in  iicad. 
Color  Ml  Iif<',  deep  rose-n'd,  paler  on  tliicMt;  IdiiiHli  stroakH  alon^:  rowH  of 
scales,  above  ixsconiing  fainter  and  diHai)i»carinjLj  with  aye;  lina  brick-red; 
dorsal  bordered  with  oranj^o,  with  a  narrow  blackish  edge;  caudal  nar- 
rowly cd;;cd  with  blackiHli ;  eye  red  ;  a  large  blackish  blotch  above  lateral 
line  and  below  front  rays  of  soft  dorsal  in  yonng  Hpecinions,  this  spot  dis- 
appearing with  ago;  axil  of  pectoral  dusky.  Length  2  to  2.1  feet.  De- 
scribed from  a  si»ocinien  from  oil'  Key  West,  It!  inches  in  length.  Long 
Island  to  l>razil,  on  rocky  banks  in  rath*  r  deep  water;  esjiecially  abund- 
ant in  tho  (iiilf  of  Mexico  otf  Cape  San  Hlas  and  about  Yucatan.  The 
most  valuable  food-fish  of  the  genus  in  tho  waters  of  the  United  States; 
taken  in  great  iiiiinbers  olf  r(!nsac(da  and  Key  West.  On  tho  American 
coast  it  is  known  everyAvheie  as  "  reil  snaj)per"  or  to  the  Spaniards  as 
jHiryo  ciilorailo.  In  Havana  it  hilars  the  name  panjo  ;iiia<liiii<iiigo,  "Me\- 
ican  Snai)i)er,"  because  it  is  brought  to  that  city  from  the  Mexican  coast. 
According  to  I'oey  it  is  comparativ«'Iy  rjire  in  Cub;in  wat<Ms,  although 
daily  seen  in  the  markets.  Specimons  from  Rio  .lanoiro  examined  by  us 
seem  to  l)e  identical  with  the  common  rod  Hnai)per.  Occasi(m;illy  straying 
north  to  Woods  Hole.     (From  the  Portuguese  name,  Acura  aya.) 

\nirit  (Ilia.  MAiK'fUtAVK,  HiHt.  Urasil.,  107,  108,  1048,  Brazil. 

I'„„liii,iii>:<i!iii,  J?l.O('lI,  Iclitli.,  i;U7,  IT'.m,  Brazil;  iiltcr  MAKCdUAVH. 

n„tli(i,ii(s  nihi'i;  liLOCir  \  Schnkujer,  Syst.  Iciitli.,  ICIH,   1801,  Brazil;  baflod    on  Mauc- 

(IIIAVK. 
yn'i:'>i>i'ii'ii  raiiipiehanug,  I'OKV,  AIcmoriiiH,  ll,  140,  1860,  Campenhe. 
f.utjinnis  black/iinU,  (looDic  &  J$EA\,  I'roc.  T'.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1878,  170,  Pensacola  (Type, 

Xo.  2i;i;!0.   Coll.  Silas  Stearns) ;  Joudan  tt  Gilukht,  Synopsis,  549. 
Lnljainmcamjurhiaiiiiii,  I'oKV,  Synopsis,  294,  1808;  Jordan  \-  (Iii.iiEUT,  Synopsis,  9'Jl. 
[.iiljitiiiinaiia,  (rixiDK,  15i-  '..  IJ.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  v,  55, 1870;  JouuAN  &  I'esleu,  i.  o.,447. 
LkIjiiuhk  liviinun,  .loUUAN  i<^-.  SwAiN,  I.  <;.,  453;  iiot  type. 


KUl.  >'K0.>I1;MS  ANALIS  (Cuvicr  &  Valenciennes). 

(MUTTONKISII;    rAlidO;    I'AKOO  (iKU)LLO.) 

Head  2^;  depth  2;i.  D.  X,  14;  A.  111,8;  scales  (7)  .0-67-17,  pores  51. 
Hody  rather  deep  and  compressed,  the  back  rather  strongly  elevated,  pro- 
lile  steep  and  nearly  straight  from  snout  to  nape;  snout  rather  long  and 
pointed,  2;'  in  head;  eye  rather  small,  5:  in  head  in  specimens  a  foot  in 
length;  interorbital  space  gently  convex,  5*  in  head;  occipital  keel  mod- 
erate; preorbital  very  broad,  its  least  width  4  in  head;  mouth  moderate; 
maxillary  scarcely  reaching  front  of  orbit,  2',  in  head;  iipjier  Jaw  with  a 
narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth,  outside  of  which  is  a  single  series  of  larger 
but  small  (eeth;  (!  rather  strong  canines  in  front,  4  of  them  larger,  about 
ei|naling  in  length  f.  diameter  of  pujiil;  lower  Jiiw  with  a  narrow  villi- 
form band  in  front  only  and  a  series  of  larger  teeth  outside ;  these  unequal, 
largest  on  side  of  jaw,  some  of  them  almost  caninelike;  tongue  with 
a  ttingle  very  small  patch  of  teeth  on  its  middle,  this  v.autiug  iu  young- 


l'?i 


1266         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


\\ 


in. 


■v! 


if 

,i 
-13;  . 


examples;  teeth  on  vomer  forming  a  broadly  A-shuped  patch,  without 
backward  prolongation  on  median  line.  Gill  rakera  moderate,  \  length 
of  diameter  of  oye,  about  8  on  lower  urch,  with  no  rudiments  before 
them.  Preoperole  with  its  posterior  margin  almost  straight,  slanting 
gently'  downward  and  forward,  tho  n«>tch  broad  and  very  shallow ;  edge 
of  proopert'Ie  rather  coarsely  Hurratu,  most  so  at  the  angle;  sculcs  small, 
th(!  rows  almost  horizontal  below  the  lateral  lino,  running  backward  and 
upward  above;  tubes  of  lateral  line  brant-hed;  about  7  rows  of  scales 
on  the  cheeks;  1  row  on  interopercln,  1  on  suboperclc,  and  about  i)  on  oper- 
cki;  temporal  region  with  about  K  rows  of  scales,  which  become  smaller 
posteriorly;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly.  Dorsal  spines  weak  and 
slender,  the  outline  of  the  iin  not  greatly  curved,  the  fourth  s])ine  longest, 
2jf  III  head,  the  tenth  spine  3^  in  head;  margin  of  soft  dorsal  angulate, 
the  ninth  ray  longest,  twice  last  and  1^  times  first  ray,  2  in  head;  caudal 
well  forked,  upper  lobe  the  longer,  1*  length  of  middle  rays,  whicli  are 
about  2,';  in  head;  anal  angular,  similar  to  soft  dorsal,  the  middle  rays 
more  elevated  than  in  any  other  species,  longest  2i  length  of  last,  2  in 
head;  tirst  ray  nearly  reaching  tip  of  last  when  the  iin  is  depressed;  the 
second  and  third  anal  spines  rather  strong,  of  equal  length,  3f  in  head; 
ventruls  1^  in  head;  pectorals  reaching  slightly  past  origin  of  ami!,  l-fu  in 
head.  Color  iu  life,  dark  olive-green  above ;  many  of  the  scales  with  pale- 
blue  spots,  these  forming  iriegular  obli(iue  streaks  upward  and  backward; 
similar  stripes  more  regular  and  numerous  on  caudal  ]>eduncle  and  above 
anal.  In  old  fishes  thest^  blue  spots  and  streaks  disappear;  belly  white, 
strongly  tinged  with  brick-red;  about  fi  narrow,  dusky,  vertical  bars,  a 
little  broader  than  the  interspaces  and  not  well  defined,  between  gill 
opening  and  anal;  head  brou/e-olive,  darker  above;  a  broad,  undulating, 
pearly  streak  from  snout  below  eye  to  upper  edge  of  gill  opening;  a  nar- 
row l»lue  streak  from  eye  to  nostrils ;  iris  fiery  red ;  pectorals,  caudal,  anal, 
and  ventrals  Itrick-rcd,  the  caudal  narrowly  margined  with  black  and  little 
bronzed  above ;  dorsal  reddish  along  f  he  rays  and  tii)s  of  membranes,  other- 
wise yellowish;  distinct  lateral  blotch  just  above  the  lateral  line  and 
below  tlie  first  soft  ray  on  dorsal,  about  as  large  as  pupil,  smaller  than 
in  other  species  similarly  marked,  and  seldom  disappearing  with  age;  axil 
and  bar  across  base  of  pectoral  above,  pale  or  dusky  olive.  In  spirits  the 
markings  become  fainter,  the  lateral  blotch  and  the  bluish  streaks  on  head 
usnally  persisting.  Described  from  a  specimen  from  Key  West,  11  inches 
in  length.  West  Indies ;  Pensacola  to  Brazil ;  rather  common  at  Key  West ; 
straying  north  to  Woods  Hole;  4he  most  important  food-fish  of  the  Havana 
markets,  being  always  abundant  and  its  flesh  always  healthful.  It  reaches 
a  large  size  and.  its  flesh  is  fairly  flavored,  although  not  very  delic  ,tp. 
(analia,  from  the  elevated  anal  fin.) 

Anthias  quartus  rondeleti  (Mutton-fish),  Catesbv,  Nat.  Hist.  Carolina,  1743,  Bahamas. 
Mesoprion  analia,  CuviKR  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  u,  452,  1828,  San  Domingo; 

POEY,  Meniorias,  u,  146,  pi.  13,  flg.  9,  1860. 
Mesoprion  tobra.*  CuviER  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  u,  453,  1828,  Martinique; 

(tCnther,  Cat.,  I,  209. 


'  The  names  analia  and  $obra  of  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes  seem  to  belonar  to  tMs  species 
without  question.  Mesoprion  igodon  is  idcntitit'd  by  Vuillant  witli  .V.  iinalh  on  coiiipaii- 
sou  of  typical  examples.    Metoprion  rotaecun  w.i*  described  as  a  distinct  species  from  a 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1207 


Menoitrion  Uodon,  Cdvibr  &.  Valen<^iennbh,  Hist.  Nat.  Poias.,  ix,  443, 1833,  San  Domingo ; 

(JOnthbh,  (."at.,  I,  200. 
Mesopnon  nmaeetu,  I'oKV,  Ann.  Ly(!.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  ix,  1870,  317,  Cuba. 
lAttjnnun  analit,  Poky,  Knunieratio,  20,  1875;  Joiidan,  Proo.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mua.  1884,  125; 

JoKDAN  &  Swain,  {.  c,  455;  Jordan  &.  Fb8I.ik,  I.  e.,  448. 
l.iitjnnuii  rogaci'ut,  Poey,  Eiiumeratiu,  30,  1875. 

UMH.  NKOMiEMS  COLOUADO  (Jordan  &  Qilbert). 

(PARdO  (NiLORADO.) 

Iload  2S;  depth  3.  D.  X,  U;  A.  Ill,  7;  S(!ale8  5-47-11;  tubes  in  lateral 
line  17.  l^ody  foiiipanitivel.v  (loe|t,  highest  at  front  of  flpinous  dorsal,  and 
with  an  angle  at  origin  of  soft  dorsal;  profile  of  hack  evenly  arched  to 
origin  of  dorsal  fin;  ventral  outline  rectilinear  to  origin  of  anal  fin,  th«' 
base  of  which  fin  is  very  obli(|ue  in  the  young,  h-ss  so  in  the  adult.  Snout 
rather  short,  less  acute  than  in  N.  iiovemfaacialiis,  less  than  j^  length  of  head ; 
maxillary  reaching  nearly  or  ijuite  to  vortical  from  front  pupil,  2|  in  head. 
Width  of  cheek  from  orliit  to  angle  of  preoporcle  less  than  snout.  Eye,  in 
adulf,  half  the  interorhital  width  and  V,  length  of  snout,  proportionately 
larger  in  the  young.  Vertical  margin  of  preopercle  with  minute,  even 
serrations  for  its  entire  length;  a  shallow  emargination  above  the  angle, 
which  is  provided  with  coarser,  but  still  inconspicuous,  serrations;  lower 
limb  of  ]»reoi)ercle  smooth  on  its  ant«-rior  half;  upper  Jaw  with  a  very 
narrow  band  of  villiforni  teeth  behind  the  conical  teeth,  which  are  not 
very  large;  a  single  pair,  or  more  usually  two  unequal  pairs,  of  canines  in 
front  of  upper  Jaw,  between  which  is  a  pair  of  small  ti^eth;  conical  teeth 
in  lower  Jaw  larger  than  those  of  ui)i)er,  close-set,  largest  in  the  middle  of 
the  Jaw,  becoming  smaller  in  front  and  behind,  about  8  on  each  side; 
vomerine  teeth  arranged  in  a  cn-scent-shaped  patch,  without  backward 
extension  on  the  median  line;  teeth  on  tongue  in  2  patches,  a  roundish 
1  anteriorly,  usually  formed  by  the  junction  of  3  smaller  ones,  and  an 
oblong  patch  on  the  median  line  behind  this.  Gill  rakers  distant,  few, 
the  longest  i  length  of  orbit,  their  number  about  1+7.  Dorsal  spines 
strong,  the  fourth  the  longest,  the  last  more  than  i  its  length,  the  fourth 
spine  2}  in  head,  as  long  as  the  snout  in  the  adult,  a  little  longer  in  young; 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  similar  to  each  other,  some  of  the  posterior  rays  of 
each  being  considerably  elevated,  the  fin  thus  being  pointed  instead  of 
rounded  i'  yUine;  in  the  young  these  rays  are  much  longer  than  the 
dorsal  spines  and  slightly  longer  than  the  caudal  peduncle ;  in  the  adult 
they  are  lower  but  still  longer  than  the  dorsal  spines ;  longest  rays  of  anal 
about  >t  head;  caudal  not  deeply  emarginate;  pectorals  long,  acute,  reach- 
ing to  or  beyond  vent,  1^  in  head;  ventrals  not  nearly  reaching  vent,  as 
long  us  snout  and  orbit ;  anal  spines  strong,  the  second  rather  longer  than 
third  and  a  little  stronger,  3^  in  head.  Scales  rather  small,  the  series 
t'onniiig  an  angle  at  the  lateral  line,  those  below  it  running  the  more 
ubli(|uely,  those  above  forming  nearly  horizontal  series  parallel  with 


large  specimen  27^  inches  in  length.  The  only  tangible  distinction  which  we  tind  in  the 
loiiK  (luscription  is  that  the  eye  i»  one-sixth  the  length  of  tho  head,  while  in  A'',  anali*  of 
the  8anie  size  the  eye  is  8}  in  the  head.  We  hesitate  to  admit  X.  ra»aeevs  as  distiiict  from 
y.  analix.  The  larger  eye  and  redder  coh)rati(m  perhaps  indicate  a  spec '.men  from  deeper 
wat<;r  than  usual.  Specimens  of  this  species  are  iu  the  museum  at  Camoridgu  from  Nas- 
sau, Kio  Janeiro,  and  Kio  Grande  do  Norte. 


ii^ 


i 


iiiiji 


''V! 


12G8  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


tho  liitm'ul  line;  hcuIos  on  (luHiks  in  ulumt  7  iowh,  1  row  nn  Huhopercle 
and  abcHit  7  on  optM'<-lts  HcalcH  on  Itrmist  very  hmijiM,  nimli  Hniuller  tlian 
thoHo  on  opt'Tclo;  soft,  rays  of  vcrtinil  liiiH  with  accompanying  soiies  of 
HuaieH.  Coloration  in  lifo:  Abovu  dark  olivaceous,  i^udi  scale  with  the 
hasiil  half  dark  (dive-brown;  sides  with  or  without  sonio  silvery  luster 
at  bases  of  scales,  forming,  when  pres(tnt,  faint  longitudinal  streaks;  lu^ad 
and  lower  parts  of  body  liri<4ht  nd,  <^s)iecially  bright  on  lower  parts  of 
bead,  the  color  extending'  up  on  the  sides  for  a  varying;  distance;  upper 
Jaw  and  nuixillary  reddish;  upper  pints  of  bead  dark  olivaceous;  soab-s 
on  si<le8  of  bead  without  dark  spots;  a  unicb-inttMrupted  li^bt  blue  line 
from  nnddle  of  (treorbital  alon<;  suborbital,  rarely  extendin<;  behind  the 
orbit,  mncb  less  distinct  than  in  .V.  urijciitivvnUiH,  and  disajtpearin^  in 
alcohol;  cheeks  sometinus  with  bluish  spr)ts  or  lines;  insid(»  of  mouth 
red;  vertical  tins  very  dark,  with  nu)re  or  b-ss  reddish;  spinous  dorsal 
with  a  broad  median  stn'iik  of  very  light  slaty  blue;  pectorals  and  ven- 
trals  reddish,  the  latter  with  dusky.  Leii;;th  2\  feet.  (lUayinasto  Panama; 
a  connnon  food  tisb;  here  described  from  the  oiiginal  ty|ie  from  Mii/atlan. 
(.S])anish,  coh>ra<lo,  red  (c(dored),  in  allusion  to  the  common  name,  I'arijo 

Liiljnmis  ciituittilo,  J<MW\y  \  (ill.DJl'T,  IVoc.  T'.  S.  \(il.  Miifl.  18S1,  XIS,  n.'l,  35.1,  Ma/atlan 
(Types,  N»s.  2X'M(\  'JKiO.".,  'JKJ(il,  anil  ^8:183,  V.  S.  N.  M.  Coll.  Kr.  (iillifil);  -Ioiidan  A-. 
ilM.iiKUT.  r.ull.U.s.  Fish  ("((iiiiii.  1882, 107. 110:  ■loKu.v.N"  \  Swain, i.e., 4.''>7;  Kvhu.man.n 
\-  Jf.nkins,  I'iw.  r.S.  Nat.  M'is.  18!»1, 147;  .IciiDAN  .fc  Kkslek.  «.  c,  4l!l. 

l.iitiaitun  euliiiadii,  .Joiidan,  l''islics  Siiial(ia,4."«(i. 

i«i:i.  m:o.m.kxis  ituvt  iiyptkius  (Oopo). 

Mead  2'\\  dei)th  '^.  D.  X,  12;  A.  III.  8;  scales  8-51-X.  47  pores.  Form 
of  .V.  (jriHeits.  Maxillary  2.1  in  bead,  reaching  to  past  front  of  eye. 
Canines  very  small,  <leveloped  in  upi)er  .jaw  only;  tongu<»  with  an 
oval  patch  of  teeth;  vomer  with  a  A-sliaped  jtatcli  of  te(!th,  there  being  a 
short  backward  project'on  on  the  median  line;  eye  rather  small,  l^  in 
head.  (Jill  rakers  few,  .'.vranged  as  in  X.  i/riHens.  Scales  above  lateral 
line  iirrangGd  in  very  .;lii|Uo  series;  2  bands  of  small  scales  on  temporal 
region.  Anal  tin  lo>v,  its  longest  rays  2'^  in  luad;  second  anal  spine  about 
as  long  as  third,  ;{[|  in  bead;  caudal  little  forked,  its  longest  rays  H  in 
bead;  pectoral  fin  short,  1,^  iu  bead.  Color  in  spirits,  olivaceous,  with 
silvery  luster  below;  rows  of  obscure  dusky  s)»ots  along  the  scales  on 
sides  and  yclbtwish  oblique  streaks  above  the  lateral  line;  (ins  rather 
dark,  the  caudal  not  pale;  no  black  lateial  spot.  The  above  account  is 
taken  from  Trofessor  Cope's  original  tyi)e  in  the  imiseiim  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Academy  of  Sciences.  The  species  is  allied  to  N.  {iriacHs,  although 
apparently  distiu'-'.,  irom  that  species  and  from  all  others  known  to  us.  In 
its  technical  characters  it  approaches  nu)8t  closely'  to  X.  synagris,  near 
which  species  it  is  convenient  to  place  it  in  our  analytical  key.  If  we 
su])po8c  the  type  of  X,  aiiihifiuHs  te  be  a  hybrid,  HiimKjris+vhrnHiiruH,  we  may 
suspect  ^V.  brack  lip  tern  ft  to  represent  a  hybrid  of  (/riseitH  and  HyiHujrix.  The 
evidence  in  the  latter  case  is  leas  striking  than  in  the  former.  Ibihama 
Islands;  <mly  the  typ«>  known,     (/i/jdr^r?,  short;  Ttrepoy,  im.) 

LutjauMx  braclnjptenm.  (Joi-K,  'I'raii.s.  Am.  I'liil.  Soc  1871,  470,  New  Providence;  >TuitUAN& 
Swain,  f.c,  447,  (Icscriptioii  I'min  t.vi>«';  .Ioudan  \  1''k,-<lku,  i.  c,  44'.t. 


Jordan  and  livirmann. — Fishes,  of  North  America, 


Vim 


mil.  >'K()M>;MH  lirTTATIN  (StciiKlaolmtT). 
(Fi,ami;ni  <i.) 
|lca(ll."|;.l«M'tli-"i-     l>.  X,  lL'(riiioly  \I,  11);A.III,H;  HCiilcH  (t))  T-oM-ir., 
i\\\  i)on''t.     IJo.ly  iililoiijir,  ruiiipniHstHl,  tin*  loitik  iMtlier  more  ulcvatoil  than 
in  .V.  siiiiinirix.  111"  aiitt^rior  proliUi  iioaily  ntrai^^ht  I'loin  Himiit  to  iiliuvf  <■>•»•, 
tluMirr  rather  istroiiKly  cons  ex;  Hiioiit  poiiitnl.  latlior  loiij;,  '.i^  in  head; 
<'V<'  lar^o,  n   in  hoad;  intcroihital  siiucr  jjeiitly  <M»!i\ex,  its  width  .'»'•  in 
httail  •  in'cipitnl  k«t'l  rathor  itrorniin-nt;  priMnhilal  narrow,  its  l«MiHt  width 
7  ill  head;  niaxiliaiy  oxtciidinj;  to  soint  wliat  boyoiid  front  oforhit,  l',',,  in 
licad.     'I't'eth  an  in  X.  Mi/tKinriK,  th»  cauint'S  in  npjmr  jaw  small,  thoHt-  of 
lowrr  jaw  incoiiH|»ir'ioHH;  tongue  with  i  Hinj^hs  lar^r  ohlon^;  patch  oC  tooth  ; 
vomer  with  an  /N-sliaped  patch  of  ttcth,  the  jtrolosj^ation  on  the  iniidian 
lino  rather  short,     (Jill  rakers  rather  loii;^,  ahout  !•  on  lower  part  of  arch, 
with  a  few  rudiniontH  in  front  of  them.    I'osteriorlinilt  of  preojKMcleextouil- 
in^downward  and  forward,  the  omar^iiiation  broad  and  rather  Nhallow  ; 
teeth  at  ani;le  of  |»rcopeiel(!  rather  coarse,  those  above  bmar^jination  much 
finer.     Scales  rather  lar;;o,  those   below  lateral  line  in  series  which  are 
almost  horizontal,  those  above  in  series  which  are  very  oldiqiio  and  for  the 
most  jiart  regular  and  ntsarly  Htrai;;;lit;  cheek  with  (>  rows  of  seah's,  inter- 
oiiercle  with  1;  temporal  rej^ion  with  a  series  of  larj^o  scales,  before  and 
IxHiind  which  is  u  broad  band  of  small  ones;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal 
scaly.     Dorsal  spines  rather  slendtir  ami  weak,  the  outline  of  the  iln  gently 
roiive.x,  till'  longest  spine  1':^   in  head;  soft  dorsal  short  and  moderately 
high,  its   margin   augulatcd,  the  eighth   ray  about  ;\   longer   than    last 
ray,  and   '2},   in   head;   caudal    lunate,  the  upper  lobe  1.^   in  head;   anal 
moderate,  rounded  iii  outline,  its  longest  ray  2i   in  head;  tirst  soft  ray 
reaching  tip  of  last  ray  when  the  tin  is  depres.sed;   second  anal  spine 
strougt^r  than  the  third  and  of  about  equal  length,  W,  in  head;  ventrals 
1[5  in  head;  pectorals  long,   nearly  reaching  front  of  anal,   Ij,   in  head, 
('(dor  in  spirits  brown  above,   the  sides  bright  silvery;  a  large  round, 
black,  latoral  blotch,  as  larg(i  as  eye,  on  lateral  line  below  front  of  soft 
dorsal;  each  scale  aliove  lateral  line  with  a  faint  darker  grayish  median 
spot,  those  forming  obUciue  streaks;  sides  of  head  often  with  siuiilar  spots; 
two  or  throe  similar  stri'aks  often  present  beh)w  lateral  lino,  these  straight 
and  horizontal ;  each  series  of  scales  below  lateral  line  with  a  narrow  yel- 
low stripe;  snout  and  preorbital  with  dark  vermicnlations;  fins  all  jialo. 
In  life,  light  olivaceous   above,  tho  markings  bronze-olive;    sides   pale 
crimson,  tho  marks  more  yellow;  belly  golden-yellow;   scarlet  on   iris, 
yellow  about  eye;  tirst  dors.il  reddish,  second  with  reddish-brown  mark- 
ings; caudal  deep  rich  red;  lower  tins  golden;  pectoral  nearly  colorless; 
sides  of  head  pink  with  golden  stripes.     Described  fronj  a  8])ecimeu  from 
Mazatlan  10.J  inches  in  length.     West  coast  of  Mexico  from  CJuayMas  to 
Panama.     It  is  a  common  food-lish  atGuaymas,  Mazatlan,  and  Panama;  a 
small  species  rarely  more  than  a  foot  in  length,  representing  Xcomn  iiin 
njinayriii  in  the  Pacilic.     {(juttatitx,  spotted.) 

Mi'Diipiiiiii  (/ntttttun,  STElNDAfUNEIl,  Iclitli.  Xotizeii,  IX,  19,  pi.  8,  ISOD,  Mazatlan. 
Lu/j(iin(g(ntftatus,Jo\ti)A.:i  Jt  UiLiiii:u'r,  I'roi;.  U..S.  Nat.  Mum.  1881,354;  Jokua.v  \  (in.BKUT, 
Bull.  IT.  S.  Ki.sh  Coiuni.  1882, 107, 110;  Joudan  vt  Swain,  I.  c,  447 ;  Kvkk.maxn  \  Jknkins, 

I'loc.  IT.  S.  \ilt.  Mils.  IH'.tl,  U7,  JoitUAN,  I.  C,  181,  1881);  JuUUAN  vt  FESLEU,   I.  C,  U\i. 

iiiiianusfjuttatus,  Jouuan,  Fishes  Sinaloa,  456. 


~n 

i 

w 


1270         JJitllctin  /7,  United  Stales  National  Afnseum. 


UWt.  NKOM.DIVIN  NYMAtmiNd.liiiiiKuii). 

(Lank  Snai'I'ih;  Kiajaiiia;  Ukd ta'u  Snai'pku.) 

Iload  2?;  tloptli  2.<.  I).  X,  12;  A.  Ill,  K;  HtaleH  (7)  H-(JO-ir>,  6<)  poroH. 
HtMly  oltloiifj;,  <'«>iiiprcH8e(l,  tint  hutk  inotlcratcly  »l»vut«Ml,  prolilu  uliiiimt 
HtiuiKlit  rroiuHiioiit  toiiii]te;  Hiioiit  rntliurpoiiiti'tl,;!  in  lit^ail ;  «\V)>  iiiDiloratr, 
5  ill  hoad;  iiitororbital  Hpuco^tMitly  «-oiivo\,r>'j  iulieati;  o«i«'ipital  kiM<llitil« 
prominoiit;  prtMirbitul  rattier  Itroutl,  \^  iii  liuad;  maxillary  r«*ai;liiii|;  Irtiiit 
ot'orliit,  2}  ill  lii^ad;  iipp«'r  Jaw  with  a  narrow  baiiil  of  villiforni  i«M«th, 
oiitHiiht  of  wliirli  Ih  aHinfflo  hiu-Ii^h  ot'tMilar^tMl  t«<utli ;  I  raMutr  Ninall  caninuH 
ill  .rout,  2  of  tliein  lar^or;  lower  Jaw  with  villiforni  haiitl  in  Iron t  only, 
tbo  Hin^lo  row  «»f  lar^ror  toutli  iirarly  Hi|iial  in  hI/.a,  moiio  of  thoiii  caiiineH; 
toiiK>iK  with  a  Hin^h^  oval  piiti^h,  itH  loiif^th  iiioih  than  twiro  itn  width; 
voniflr  with  a  A  or  /^-HllaIMMl  jtatfli  of  tcotli,  withont  hackward  prolonga- 
tion on  niodiaii  line,  or  with  only  a  very  Hli^^ht  oii«<.  (iill  rakeiH  ratlutr 
lon^,  their  Ini^tli  Hli^htly  more  than  ^  diainetrr  of  eye,  about  5  I  !),  and 
no  nidinientH  before  them.  I'reoprrcle  with  its  jioHterior  margin  Hlant- 
int;  downward  and  forward,  theeinarginution  broad  and  moderately  diep; 
])reopercle  rather  linoly  serrate  above,  with  eoarser  teeth  at  the  an<;lo. 
S*-aleH  rather  Hiiiall,  the  rowH  almost  horizontal  below  the  lateral  line, 
above  somewhat  undulate,  rnnning  upward  aud  backward;  tubes  of 
lateral  line  Biin|)le;  (i  rowH  of  Hcales  on  the  cheek,  I  row  on  the  i!iteri>per- 
ele,  1  on  the  suboperele,  antl  (i  on  the  opercle;  temporal  region  with  a 
broad  band  of  scales,  arranged  in  several  series;  base  of  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  scaly;  dorsal  spines  rather  weak  and  slender,  the  outline  of  the  tin 
gently  convex,  the  fourth  spine  longest,  2}  in  head,  the  tenth  spine  'Xi  in 
head;  soft  dorsal  short,  its  margin  soniewhat  angnlated,  the  eighth  ray 
longest,  twice  the  length  of  last  ray  and  1^  lirst,  2if  in  head;  candal  mod- 
erately forked,  the  upper  lobe  the  longer,  li  length  of  middle  rays,  which 
are  2  in  head;  unal  rather  hi>rh,  rounded  in  outline,  its  middle  rays 
longest,  Iji  length  of  last  ray,  ;f  in  head,  ^irst  ray  reaching  middle  of 
last  ray  when  the  tin  is  depressed;  second  unal  spine  stronger  than  third 
and  of  equal  length,  3^  in  head;  ventrals  1^  in  head;  pectorals  reaching 
front  of  anal,  1^  in  head.  Color  in  life,  rose-colored,  silvery  tinged  below, 
slightly  oliv.iceons  but  not  dark  above;  a  large,  round,  maroon  blotch, 
larger  than  eye,  Jnst  above  lateral  line  and  below  front  of  soft  dorsal, 
always  present;  series  of  stripes  of  deep  golden-yellow  along  sides;  3  on 
bead,  the  upper  from  snout  through  eye;  about  10  on  body,  the  lower 
nearlj'  straight  and  horizontal,  the  upper  undulating  and  irregular,  extend- 
ing upward  and  backward;  belly  white,  its  sides  largely  yellowish ;  lips 
red;  maxillary  partly  yellow;  tongue  yellowish;  iris  tiery  red;  caudal 
deep  blood-red;  spinous  dorsal  nearly  transparent,  with  a  marginal  and 
basal  band  of  golden;  soft  dorsal  light  red,  edged  with  golden;  ventrals 
and  anal  golden;  pectorals  pinkish.  Young  quite  green  above.  Simi- 
larly striped  Cuban  specimens  are  generally  duller,  with  the  yellow  stripes 
decidedly  coppery.  In  spirits  the  bright  colors  fa<le,  only  the  lateral 
blotch  aud  the  streaks  on  the  head  being  persistent.  West  Indies; 
Florida  Keys  to  Colon  and  Brazil;  very  common  almost  everywhere  from 


m 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmann. — Fishis  of  North  America,      1271 

'riimpii  t«»  Hrazll.  It  ruaclun  Imt  iimiiiuII  hIzo,  ntrnly  excwMlIng  n  foot,  ami 
it  iiiliiil>itM  chiiHly  Hhtillow  \vut««rH.  In  lliivunii  it  Ih  oii«t  of  \\w  iiiimt 
('i)iiiiiioii  food-flHhoM,  ill  iiIiiiikIuiioo  not  (*x«mmmI««1  l>y  any  otlior  H|M'ci«^H.  ItH 
Mtroii«ly  iiiiirk««l  coloriitioii  it'iulrrH  Kh  ro'OKiiitioii  I'lisy.  (tivi'tty/j/^,  an 
1)1(1  iiaiiioof  hrHtt'jnicnlvx,  \xn\\w\vn  wliioh  tliiH  oiut  wan  tliim^lit  torrHniiiblo.) 

Sali^  piirinirxtci-nn  varifiiata  (Luiir  Sni»i(|ii'r),  ('atkmiiy,  Mint    Nut.  (-'iiniliiirt,  |tl.  17,  I7i;i, 

Buhaman. 
Simriix  nfiiiii'.iri*,  l.iNN.r.r'^,  Syiil.  Niit.,  x,  *J«0,  17r.H;  iifli<r  ('ati;hiiv. 
SliuniHViriiiii'iiliirU.Ul.Kin  .V  SriiNKiititu,  S>mI.  Irlitli.,  21U,  IHdl,  Martinique;  on  mlruw- 

lM({l>y  ri.rMiDH. 
l.iitjaniiitiuhrirti,  Kkhmakkht,  rmm.  Uio.  hlilli.,  17,  pi.  1!,  IHJII,  Cuba. 
l/.j»n/-n()«  uiiinnttitiiK,   ('rviKK  .t   Vai.kmiknnkh,    IIimI.  Nut.  I'dJHH.,   II,  44U,   l«'.!H,  San 

DominKo;  Martinique;  (II  NiiiKii,  Cut.,  I,  201!. 
LuljanoH  iiiiinufii/iiii.  I'oKV,  .Syiii>|iMlM,  'J04,  IHIIH. 
I.iiljtinii.iii!iiia<iriii,  I'oKV,  KniiiinTulld,  27,  iHT.'i;  .Ioiidan  .S.  <iii.liitUT,  .S.vii<M>«''*.  '••■-^;  •^"" 

iiAN  &  Swain,  I.e.,  UH.  .IdUiiAN,  rror.  r.  .S.  Nut.  Miih.  IMHII,  (148;  .Ioruan,  I.e.,  IHKO, 

310;  .IrtBUAN  &  FK.SM'.B,  I.e.,  4r>0. 


ItUn.    MION.KMIN   AMIIKJiriH*  (I'ooy). 

Iloiiil  2,',,;  (lopth  3.  D.  X,  13;  A.  Ill,  i);  Hcahw  (U)  t»-r.3-15,  r.()  i»oroii. 
Ididy  ohioiig,  t'oinpn^HHOtl,  foriiutd  iiiiicli  aH  in  .S'.Hiftiiiiiriii,  hut  iiiont  Hli^iiiiur, 
llio  aiitttrior  ]iroliIo  iirarly  HtraiKlit  from  tip  of  Hiioiit  to  iiupo,  thuiico  con- 
vox;  Nuoiit  ratlior  ion^;  an<l  |)ointo(l,  3  in  h<ta«l;  oyo  Hiiiall,  !){  ii>  In-atl; 
intororltital  Hpaco  nurrow,  carinato,  its  widtli  r>\  in  li<-a<l ;  oiMipitai  ktx-l 
rather  pronitnunt;  preorhital  inodt'rato,  its  least  width  tl  in  head;  mouth 
moderate,  Hli}j;htly  ohliqiio,  the  lower  jaw  a  little  projectiiij;,  the  maxillary 
(^xtendiufr  to  opposite  front  of  pupil,  itH  length  2!|^  in  head.  'I'eeth  cHHen- 
Mally  as  in  .V.  Hi/uagrh;  caniiieM  of  upper  Jaw  small;  enlar^^ed  teeth  of 
lower  ,jaw  scarcely  caninolike;  tongue  with  a  single,  lar^e,  ohlong  {)atch 
of  teeth;  vomer  with  an  ^-shaped  patch  of  teeth,  the  prolonKution  on  the 
median  line  nmdorate;  no  pteryj^oid  teeth.  (Jill  rakers  lonj^er  than  in 
most  Hpecie.s  of  XeomaniB,  about  15  developed  on  lower  part  of  anterior 
aieh.  Preopercle  nearly  vertical,  itH  emar^iiiation  very  slight,  its  serrfe 
distinct.  Scales  rather  small,  those  below  lateral  line  in  hori/ontal  series, 
those  above  lateral  line  in  regular  and  very  oblique  series,  which  are  not 
])ara11el  with  the  lateral  line;  ehcek  with  5  rows  of  s«'ale8;  temporal 
region  scaled  from  the  eye  backward,  posteriorly  with  a  band  of  rather 
large  scales  followed  by  smaller  ones;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly; 
dorsal  tin  little  emarginate,  the  spines  rather  slender  and  low,  the  longest 
L'A  in  head;  longest  ray  of  soft  dorsal  2^  in  head;  caudal  rather  deejdy 
forked,  the  longest  rays  li  in  head,  the  median  rays  3ji ;  anal  spines  slender, 
regularly  graduated,  the  second  spine  i},  in  head ;  soft  anal  rounded,  rather 
low,  the  longest  rays  '2f,  in  head;  pectorals  long  and  falcate,  l,*;  in  head; 
veiitrals  1^.     In  spirits,  nearly  uniform  brownish  above,  paler  below,  with 

'I'liis  Hpccics  is  very  well  (liHtiiifiulHlind  J'roin  Nenincenit  »)/nagrU  and  from  Oei/iinii 
chri  .vi/rH.v,  luit  it  |ireHonta  snoli  n  .siiigiilur  Itleiuling  of  tlio  characters  of  the  two  as  to  lend 
iiKicli  ])r(>lml>ilit.v  to  Pooy'-s  conjecliiro  that  it  is  a  hybrid  ot  S'eommtiis  tynagris  with 
Oci/iirii.s  chn/nurun.  Two  Hprciincns  are  known,  tlie  one  sent  by  Toey  to  the  V.  S.  National 
M  iiHeiini  mid  described  in  the  jiaper  of  Jordan  A  Swain :  the  other  sent  by  Poey  to  the 
niiiscuin  at  Cambridge,  is  very  similar,  with  well-forked  eiiudal  and  numerous  gill"  rakors. 
Tlie  lower  jaw  is,  liowerer,  scarcely  jirojecting,  and  the  pectoral  short,  1?  in  head. 


it 


I'JTli  nuUdin  //,  irnited  States  Nutiomil  Musiiim. 


piilo  HtroiiKH  allium  tli«  ruwH  oi'HiulrH.     In  life,  iicronliiiK  to  I'ory'H  li^iiro, 
it  linil  laiirli  tlut  coliii'iitiiiii  ut'  Stitmnn\H  /ti/)M/f/)'('i,      Dchi  rilu'il  iVoiii  ii  Hprri 
iii«>ii  t'rom  lluviiiia  10  iiiclum  in  lcii>(tli.     ('ul>ti;  ;!:  KiiuriiiuMiH  Iviiuwn.     («(» 
hiijuHM,  nn«'«>i-taiii.) 

ireiMi>rii>naiiihi<nniii.  I'oKV,  Miiniirinii,  II,  I.Vj,  jil  I'.',  II^.  I,  |il.  H,  tiK.  M,  iMilii,  Cuba  (  r>|M>,  Nn 

i;it);iti,  r.  s.  N.  M.I ;  I'oK.v,  s\  ii<i|tF.iH, 'Jit:.. 

LutjUHllH  ainfiiiinill.    I'oKV,  Kuuiiiiliitiu,  :iU,  1873;   JoIIIiAN  A  SWAIN,  (.  |!.,4&U|   •IdUUAN  A 
FttMUKH,  (.  f.,  triu. 


m 


:^15.^ 


I«147.  >'KOMKMS  MAIHMiOM  (Cuxirr.V  Valniciriini.N). 

((KlANl'ti;    MAimoANV  SNAI'I-|:|(.) 

Hiu.l  2\\  il.pth  -J*.  I>.  \,  ili;  A.  III.K;  HnvluM  ((J)  !ML»-1I,  r.o  pun-M. 
Hotiv  ratlxT  (>loii;{iil«',  Nti'i>n;riy  rompri'SHctl,  tlii<  hark  wt-II  oltt\atr<l,  pro- 
lilu  alinoHt  Htrai^ht  or  Hli^hti.v  coiicavii  I'lom  t ip  of  Niioiit  to  napt',  tiiutict' 
iiKMlcratoly  I'oiivtx  ;  Miioiit  ratluT  sliMidtu'  uiul  pointed,  ;t  in  licatl,  eyr 
lai't^o,  :ti  in  lioail;  intorurltital  aroa  llattisli,  witli  a  incilian  kt>t>l,  ti  in  lu'ad  ; 
piToi'liita!  ratlii-r  liioatl,  its  joant  widtlid'  in  licail ;  iiioiiMi  lar;^^,  niaxillaiy 
it'acliin^  front  of  pnpii,  L'A  in  liiad  ;  low  i-r  Jaw  MlroiiM|  y  |iroJf(tiii>; ;  nppor 
Jaw  with  a  narrow  iiaiid  of  villifunn  tictli,  oiitHiilo  of  wliirli  '\h  a  Nin;>]i' 
HtM'it'H  of  cnl.'ir^t'd  liMt  <'oni|iarati\«>ly  Hniall  tt'rtli;  t  ni'idnati^  ranint's  in 
front  of  , jaw,  li  of  tln'iii  lar;;(tr,  alioiit  2  in  dianiitrr  of  ]>u|)ii;  lo\v«-i 
Jaw  witli  a  Hin;;!^  HoriuH  of  ratlirr  Hiiiall  ttM'tli,  none  of  thoni  at  all  raniiir 
lik(t;  tonjriiu  with  an  olilanctMtlalc  patrli  of  ti'«;tli,  tapering;  ht'iiind,  its 
Iciijfth  iintro  than  twict^  its  widtli;  vointu-  with  a  Itroadly  arrow  shaped 
patch  id'  troth,  with  harUward  |irol(in;;ation  on  nirdian  liM*>,  its  lun^th 
al>out  u<|nalinj;  widtli  of  jiatch  in  front;  pt(>r,v};oi«l  ami  hytdd  hones 
without  tocth.  (iill  rakcis  iiunii'r(iii,s,  ahout  U)  dcvt'loptil  on  lowtT  purl 
of  arch,  hiHidcH  I  or  5  nidinu-iitary  onus,  tho.sci  near  anj;lo  lar;i«st, 
Ihoir  h'lif^th    aInioHt  .}  diaiindrr  of  i>yc.      I'rcitpcrcic    witli    its    posterior 


luur^in  almost  vortical,  nroatlly  and  ratln^r  deeply  emarf^inale,  very 
weakly  or  scarcely  serrate  aho\e.  the  anj;Ie  project  injf  hack  ward  and 
armed  with  several  rather  coarse  teeth,  the  lower  limh  Hinooth.  Scales 
rather  small,  those  lielow  lateral  lino  somewhat  lar<rur,  the  rows  above  the 
lateral  line  rnniiin;;  ohliijiiely  upward  and  backward,  those;  helow  in 
almost  si rai;;ht  horizontal  series;  chet^ks  with  t!  rows  of  .scales,  I  row  on 
iateroperele,  1  on  snliopercle,  and  Ton  o|ici'cle;  temporal  rc<{ion  with  a 
hauil  of  small  scales,  heforc  .intl  Ixhind  which  is  a  mries  of  larj^er  ones; 
top  of  head,  snont,  and  Jaws  naked;  liases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  s(raly. 
Dorsal  spines  rather  weak  and  slender,  the  outline  of  the  tin  rather 
stronj^ly  conv«>x,  the  fourth  si»iii(<  lonj^est,  2}  in  head;  the  tenth  spine  I  in 
head;  margin  of  soft  dorsal  very  j^ently  convex,  (he  first  and  last  rays 
Hli;;htly  shorter  than  rest  of  tin,  median  rays  'A\  in  head;  caudal  not 
deeply  forked,  the  upper  lohe  little  lonj^er  than  lower,  its  length  I'i  in 
middle  rays,  which  are  2i!|  in  head,  margin  of  anitl  little  rounded,  th*> 
mid<Ile  rays  IH  length  of  last  ray,  :>  in  head,  tln^  first  ray  reaching  almost 
to  tip  of  last  ray  when  the  tin  is  <leprosscd;  anal  spines  small,  the  second  as 
longasthird  and  stronger,  H  inhead;  ventrals2!,  inhoad;  iioctoralsscareely 
reaching  front  of  anal,  1^   in   head.     Color  in  life,  deep  brown,  silvery 


I 


, 


^ 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — lushes  of  North  America.      1273 

linlitw,  cviTywIii'io  Mhinlod  with  rnd,  cs|iot'iiill,v  on  lunul;  oy«  Hcarlil;  n 
lai-t;o  ItlttcUiHli  lilotrh  on  H|ll«^  t'hioll.v  iil)ov«  liitrnil  lino  and  IioIonv  lliHt 
riiVH  (if  Holt  (lormil ;  nnixllliiry  yollow  on  «ov«rt'»l  piiitM;  narrow  hroii/o 
hlroakH  following  Iho  rowH  of  hiiiIoh,  tlioHo  NtrnikN  «liHtinct  cliirlly  iiliovo 
tin*  liitonillims  ilorHiil  lin  palo,  <Mi^«Ml  with  hlood-rt-d;  nnidul  (lfl«^p  n-d; 
anal,  vontralH,  and  (toctoralH  nrarlut;  thi<  liri^lit  rolorH  failo  itnddiHa|>|i««ur 
in  MpiritH,  IraviiiK  tlio  hack  dark  ^ray,  thf  lower  jtartH  Hilvory,  nioro  or 
li'Hs  lln^hed  with  riul,  DuHcrihtMl  from  a  Cnlian  H|H>cinu>n  10  in('h*-H  \i\\\^. 
Wt'.Mt  Indiun;  a  Hniall  HpiM-ifM,  rath«;r  ooninion  in  tho  nnirkotH  of  Havana, 
w  \w\y\  it  in  known  as  iijaiiro,  in  alluHion  to  tho  lari^o  oyr.  It  d«)UH  not  n'acli 
ular){cNi/<t.    (miihotioni,  thti  Kn^liHli  mahogany,  from  tho  iirown  coloration.) 

Memilirii'u  iniihiKjnni,  CrviBit  \  Vai.RNi.'IENNKh,  IIIhI.  NhI.  I>oiiii«.,ii,447,  IH2H,  Martinique; 

(K'NTin;!!,  Ciit.i.'JOO 
MfMniiriiiii  licarili,  (.'nviKK  \  Vaiknciennkh,  IIIhI.  Nut.  I'oIhh.,  ii,4.*7,  1828,  Martinique. 
Mmniirion  ujatieo,  I'okv,  MtnuM  iiiH,  n,  ir)(>,  1>I.  13,  Hi?.  10, 1800,  Cuba. 
l.uljai\u*ii)aui'o.  TkICV,  Kiitiiinriitl(>, 'JH,  l87r>. 
/,i(/jii;iiu  maA('i/(*Ht,  JouuA.N  \  Swain,  t.c„4Rl ;  .kiiikan  A  l''KMr,iCB,  J.  c,46l. 

Subgenus  RAIZERO,  Joiiliin  A    KoHlitr. 


litis.  .NKOM.KMS  AKATI'S  ((iiintlior). 

(I'AHIIO   I)K.    KAI/.KKO.) 

Head  3;  depth  .1U  I).  XI,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  scah'H  4i-Jf)-12.  llody  oblong- 
illiptical,  Miendercrand  h'8H(oniproH,st«l  than  in  othor  Kprciesfd' .VroHKfH/s, 
tho  hack  hroad  and  littlo  dovatod;  protilc  a  littlo  dcpr«)HHu<l  above  tho 
MiioMt,  then  convex  above  the  eycH,  thonco  nearly  atraifrht  to  front  of 
ddrsal;  isnont  not  very  loii^,  It  in  head;  month  modcriitc,  somewhat  ob- 
li(|nc,  the  Jaws  Hiibei|nal;  nnixiUary  extending  to  beyond  front  of  eye,  itH 
length  -I  in  head.  Teeth  moderate;  caninos  of  npjter  Jaw  not  very  larjje; 
the  enlarged  teeth  of  lower  Jaw  scarcely  oaninelike;  teeth  ou  tongne  in 
•A  Jarne  patch,  ileveloped  in  adnlt  examples,  but  not  evident  in  the  young; 
teeth  on  vomer  in  a  V-shaped  jtatch,  without  backward  prolongation  on  tho 
iiieiliai>  line;  palatine  teeth  in  a  broad  ))atch;  no  teeth  on  pterygoidn. 
Kye  large,  ,5  in  head;  interorbital  area  broad  and  convex,  its  width  4  in 
licail;  lu'uorbital  moderate,  its  least  breadth  (i  in  head.  Nostrils  small, 
well  scsparated,  oblong,  tho  anterior  but  litth'  the  larger.  I'reoperclo 
witli  its  posterior  limb  slanting  downwards  an<l  forwards,  with  a  mod- 
erate emargination,  sharply  and  finely  serrate  above,  the  teeth  at  tho 
angle  cour.scr  and  directed  8«>nu«what  forwards,  (iill  rakers  few  and 
rather  small,  aliout  7  on  lower  part  of  anterior  arch,  not  preceded  hj'  rudi- 
ments. Scales  large,  arranged  very  regularly  in  horizontal  series  parallel 
witli  the  lateral  line,  both  above  and  below ;  cheeks  with  (»  rows  of  scales; 
nape  with  a  band  of  about  3  series  of  moderate  scales;  soft  dorsal  and 
jaiial  well  scaled;  tubes  of  lateral  line  well  branched.  Dorsal  spines  mod- 
leratts  tint  longest  2:{  in  head;  soft  dorsal  rather  l(»vv  and  short;  caudal 
jrather  deejjly  lunate,  the  upper  lobe  1,^,  in  head;  aiuil  low,  its  longest  rays 
|2.-i  ill  head;  anal  spines  graduated,  the  second  spine  shorter  and  stouter 
3030 3 


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1274         Dtilletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


,11 


tban  third,  about  5^  iu  head;  ])ectorHl  long  and  falcate,  ll,  in  head;  tou- 
trals  1§.  Color,  in  spirits,  dark  brown;  somewhat  paler  below;  center  of 
each  scale  yollowish-silvery,  these  forming  conspicuous  continuous  silvery 
streaks  along  the  back  and  bides,  most  distinct  near  the  middle  of  the 
body;  fins  grayish,  rather  pale;  membrane  of  soft  dorsal  dusky;  ventrals 
dusky  at  tips;  young  with  pale  crosabands  formed  by  enlargement  of  tlm 
silvery  spots  in  certain  regions  In  life,  dark  grben,  the  dark  atripes  on 
sides  dark  brown,  the  interspaces  yellowish-white;  belly  coppery-red 
some  bluish  on  cheeks;  pectoral  maroon  red ;  ventrals  salmon-red,  the  lii„ 
ray  white;  anal  creamy-red;  caudal  dark  red,  blackish  towards  tip; «' 
dusky;  throat  silvery.  Described  from  a  specimen  from  Ma/atlaii  .(> 
inches  in  length.  Length  2  feet.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America,  gen- 
erally common ;  a  handsome  fish  looking  quite  unlike  the  others.  There 
is,  however,  no  difference  of  importance  in  the  structure  of  the  skull. 
The  squamatiou  is  very  similar  to  that  of  Orthostocchus.  {araius,  plowed, 
for  its  striped  coloration.) 

Metoprion  aratut,  GDntheb,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  1864,  145,  Pananria;  Chiapas. 
Lutjanui  aratiit,  Joiidan  &  Oildert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1881,  355;  Joudan  &  Swain, 

I.  c,  460;  Jordan  <fe  Feslek,  I.  o.,  451;  Jordan,  Fishes  of  Sinaloa,  in  Proc.  Cal.  Ac. 

Sci.  1895,  457. 

526.  RABIRUBIA,  Jordan  &  Fesler. 

Rabirubia,  Jordan  &.  Fesler,  Ropt.  T^.  S.  Fish  Conim.  1889  (1893),  438  (in&rmu). 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Ocijurus,  having,  as  in  the  latter  gonuH, 
the  long  fron  to-occipital  crest  continued  forward  along  the  top  of  the  head 
to  the  nostrils.  Parietal  crest  extending  to  above  eye,  coalescing  with 
i/he  orbital  rim.  The  body  is  rather  elongate,  the  anal  fin  long  and  low, 
and  the  gill  rakers  are  few  and  short.  One  species  known.  {Rabirubia, 
Spanish  name  of  Oomriia  chryatirus. ) 

164».  RABIRUBIA  INERHI8  (Peters). 

Plead  3  in  length ;  depth  3i ;  lateral  line  with  50  tubes;  scales  53.  D.  X, 
13;  A.  111,11.  Body  slender  and  fusiform,  not  strongly  compressed,  the 
back  not  elevated ;  snout  very  pointed ;  mouth  unusually  small,  the  maxil- 
lary 2i  in  head,  reaching  to  front  of  pupil;  eye  very  large,  about  4  in 
head.  Band  of  vomerine  teeth  slightly  produced  backward  on  the  median 
lino;  teeth  on  tongue  well  developed ;  canine  teeth  unusually  small  and 
slender,  2  in  upper  jaw  and  3  or  4  on  each  side  of  lower.  Nostrils  well 
separated,  subequal,  the  posterior  oblong,  the  anterior  round.  Preorbital 
J  depth  of  eye;  preopercle  not  serrate,  scarcely  notched  behind;  temporal 
region  with  a  band  of  large  scales,  on  each  side  of  which  are  small  scales; 
scales  above  lateral  line  arranged  in  very  oblique  series,  which  are  not 
parallel  with  the  lateral  line.  Pectoral  fins  very  short,  reaching  little  past 
tips  of  ventrals,  1|  in  bead;  dorsal  spines  very  slender;  second  anal  spine  , 
longer  than  third,  very  small,  7  in  head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  low,  8cal,\ ; 
caudal  fin  rather  deeply  forked,  the  middle  rays  not  half  the  length  of  the 
outer,  which  are  1^  in  head.  Color  in  spirits,  dusky  brown  above,  pale 
below,  with  distinct  dark  stripes,  those  below  parallel  with  the  lateral 


i'i. 


'■Ii 

liiillii 


Jordan  and  Evertnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1275 


line,  those  above  very  oblique;  these  stripes  extend  alon;:;  the  edges  of 
tho  rows  of  scales,  the  middle  of  each  scale  being  whitish  or  silvery,  its 
haflc  dusky,  a  brown  blotch  about  base  of  pectoral.  Mazatlan  to  Panama ; 
riiily  2  specimens  known;  1  is  in  the  museum  at  Berlin  from  Mazatlan, 
from  which  specimen  the  above  description  was  taken;  the  other  wns 
tiiken  by  the  Albatross  at  Panama.  It  is  quite  unlike  any  other  American 
Hpocies.    (inermis,  unarmed.) 

M,'n>prxon  inermit,  Pbtbrs,  Berliner  Moiiatsber.  1869,  705,  Mazatlan. 

Lutjanu8  inermit,  Jordan,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila.  1883, 285 ;  Jordan  &.  Swain,  I. «.,  450; 

Jordan  &  Bollman,  I'roc.  IT.  LS.  Nat.  Mus.  1889, 181 ;  Jordan  &  Feslbr,  I.  c,  451. 
liulinibia  inermit,  Jordan,  Fiahes  Sinaloa,  457,  pi.  30. 


527.  OCYURUS,  Gill. 

(RABIRUniAS.) 

Ocyttnit,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1862, 236  (ehrymrut). 

This  genus  is  allied  to  Neomcents,  from  which  it  differs  notably  in  the 
structure  of  the  skull,  especially  in  the  forward  extension  of  the  fronto- 
occipital  crest  to  the  ethmoidal  projection;  the  prefrontals  with  posterior 
iireas  short  and  excavated  above  and  in  front.  The  single  species  shows 
numerous  minor  peculiarities,  as* the  peculiar  form  of  the  body,  the  large, 
w(>ll-forked  caudal  fin,  the  small  head,  as  well  as  an  increased  number  of 
crill  r.ikers,  and  the  presence  (in  the  adult)  of  pterygoid  teeth.  {oohVs, 
swift;  ovpd,  tail. ) 

1650.  OVYIIKUS  (^HRTSURIIS  (Bloch). 
(Yellow-tail  ;  Kabiuubia.) 

Head  3;  depth  3.  D.  X,  13;  A.  Ill,  9;  scales  7-65-15,  51  pores.  Body 
elliptical,  comparatively  elongate,  the  back  little  elevated,  the  profile 
Rtraight  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  to  the  uape,  thence  rather  strongly 
arched;  caudal  peduncle  long  and  slender;  snout  pointed,  of  moderate 
Jeiifrtli,  3  in  head;  eye  small,  5  in  head;  interorbital  space  very  convex, 
with  a  sharp  median  keel,  4  in  head;  preorbital  narrow,  its  least  width 
(iii  in  head.  Mouth  small,  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  projecting;  maxillary 
reaching  very  slightly  beyond  front  of  orbit,  2^  in  head;  upper  jaw  with 
a  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth,  outside  of  which  is  a  single  series  of 
larger  teeth,  5  or  6  of  those  in  front  being  somewhat  caninelike,  but  small; 
lower  jaw  with  a  single  series  of  moderately  strong  teeth,  none  of  them 
lar<ro  enough  to  be  called  canines ;  t(mgue  with  a  large,  oval  patch  of  teeth, 
in  front  of  which  is  a  smaller  but  similar  patch ;  teeth  on  vomer  forming  a 
broadly  arrow-shaped p.atch,  with  a  backward  prolongation  on  tho  median 
line,  which  is  nearly  twice  the  width  of  the  patch;  a  narrow  band  of 
pterygoid  teeth  behind  the  patch  on  the  vomer,  this  not  evident  in  young 
exiimples.  Gill  rakers  rather  long  and  slender,  the  longest  about  i  diam- 
eter of  eye,  about  8+21,  none  of  them  rudimentiiry.  Preopercle  with  its 
posterior  1:  argin  almost  vertical,  with  a  slight,  but  distinct  emargination 
above  the   .ugle ;  serrations  of  preopercle  very  feeble,  the  teeth  at  the 


(I 


1L'7(}  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


m 


V  ''y.'-\' 


'\h 


im 


an^le  scarcely  luilur^red;  noHtrils  well  sepimitcd,  tlie  posterior  slitlike; 
Hcales  Hiuiill,  those  above  lateral  line  arranged  in  very  obli<iiie  series,  thoHc 
below  in  rows  nearly  liori/ontal;  cheeks  with  5  or  0  rows  of  scales,  about 
two  rows  ou  iuttTopcrcle;  temporal  region  with  2  or  3  scries  of  large 
scales  before  and  behind  which  are  many  small  scales;  to]>  of  head, 
Hnout,  and  jawH  naked;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly.  Dorsal  spincH 
rather  long  and  slender,  the  fin  not  deeply  emarginute,  fifth  spine  longest, 
2^  in  hea<l;  tctith  spine  3|;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  similar,  their  margins 
nearly  straight,  the  last  rays  slightly  shortened,  median  rays  about  3  in 
head;  caudal  fin  long,  very  deeply  forked,  the  upper  lobe  longest,  li 
times  as  long  as  middle  rays,  which  arc  2\  in  head;  pectorals  long  and 
slender,  reaching  vent,  H  in  head;  ventrals  If  in  head;  anal  spines  rather 
weak,  the  third  jt  longer  than  second,  4  in  head.  Color  in  life  olivaceous 
above,  rather  pale,  and  somewhat  violet  tinged ;  a  number  of  large,  irregu- 
lar deep  yellow  blotches  <tn  sides  of  back;  a  deep  yellow  stripe  from  tip 
of  snout  straight  through  eye  to  caudal  peduncle,  there  broadening  and 
including  all  of  tail  above  lateral  line  and  behind  dorsal  fin ;  above  this  u 
pearly-ptirplish  area ;  below  it  a  flesh-colored  or  rosy  area  or  band,  2  scales 
broad,  then  a  succession  of  about  16  narrow  streaks  alternating  flesh- 
color  and  yellow,  growing  fainter  progressively  below;  the  yellow  on 
the  edges  of  the  scales,  the  reddish  on  their  middles;  iris  liory  red;  lov^er 
parts  of  head  flesh  color  with  some  yellow  spots ;  maxillary  mostly  yellow ; 
caudal  deep  yellow,  its  edges  reddish;  dorsal  chiefly  yellow;  anal  faintly 
yellow ;  ventrals  and  pectorals  translucent.  In  spirits,  all  the  marking's 
fade,  leaving  the  fins  yellowish,  the  upper  parts  grayish,  the  lower  rosy- 
silvery.  Length  2  feet.  West  Indies,  and  from  southern  Florida  to  Brazil ; 
very  abundant  at  Key  West  where  it  is  known  as  "yellow-tail."  In  Cuba, 
next  to  N.  analia  and  N.  synagrw,  the  commonest  of  the  snappers.  One  of 
the  handsomest  of  the  snappers ;  here  described  from  a  Key  West  specimeu. 
(Xpvdo?,  gold;  oiipd,  tail.) 

A  cava  pita  mba,  Marcouave,  Hist.  Brasil.,  15.'),  1648,  Brazil. 

Rahiruhia,  J'akka,  Doscr.  Dif.  PiezaH,  Hist.  Nat.,  pi.  20,  fig.  1, 1787,  Cuba. 

Sparus  ehrysxinig,  IJloch,  Ichth.,  pi.  262,  1790,  Brazil;  after  Mahcuravk. 

Anthia*  rabinihia,  Bloch  &  Sciineiuek,  Syst.  Iclitli.,  309, 1801,  Cuba;  after  Parra. 

Sjyarun  semiluna,  Lacki'KUE,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  iv,  141,  1803,  Martinique;  on  a  copy  jif  a 

drawing  by  Pli'mier. 
MesoprionaurovittntWi,  AoAssiz,  Spix,  Pise,  lirasil.,  i)l.  66.  1829,  Brazil. 
Ocyurii»  rijgertmoei,  Cope,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soo.  1871,  468,  tig.  4,  St.  Kitts. 
Me.ioiirion  ehryturut,  CuvuoR  &.  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat. Poiss.,  n,  459, 1828;  GOnthkh. 

Cat.,  1, 186. 
Ocytirus  chryttinis,  PoEV,  Synopsis,  295,  1868;  .Ioroan  &.  Swain,  I.e.,  461;  Jordan,  l.i-.. 

319;  Jordan  &.  Fesleh,  I.e.,  452. 
Oeyurua  aurovittatus,  Poey,  Synopsis,  295, 186S. 

Luljanu*  chrysiinit,  Vau.lant,  Miss.  Siti.  an  Mexi<xue,  133,  pi.  5, 1875. 
Lutjanus  melanunu,  Jordan  >.V:  Gilbert,  Sj'nopsis,  548,  1883;  not  type. 


}'■ 


528.  RHOMBOPLITES,  (Jill. 
Rhomboplitet,  GiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1862,  237  {aurorubenn) . 

This  genus  differs  from  Neotnanis  chiefly  in  the  character  of  the  cranium. 
Prefrontals  with  the  articular  facets  developed  from  simple  tubercles  aud 
not  V-shaped,  the  posterior  areas  cribriform;  basi-sphenoid  not  lobiger- 


)  ,nl3!!" 


Jordan  and  F.vennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1277 

oub;  pteiyigoid  with  a  broiwl  patch  of  teeth  (in  adult);  liyoid  Iwiies  and 
tongue  with  teeth;  canines  very  uniall  or  obsolete;  dorsal  spines  12,  the 
soft  rays  10  or  11;  gill  rakers  slender  and  numerous. 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Neomwiiis,  but  the  cranial  peculiarities  and 
extension  of  the  villiform  teoth  over  the  pterygoid  and  hyoid  bones  well 
warrant  generic  seitaration.  The  form  of  the  vomerine  patch  of  teeth  is 
also  somewhat  peculiar.  But  one  sjtecies  is  known,  (fjo/itlio?,  rhomb; 
oTtXirtf?,  armed;  from  the  form  of  the  vomerine  patch  of  teeth.) 


plJNTIlK.H, 
llDAN.  (.'■  . 


kraninin. 
Icles  uud 
llobij'er- 


1U61.  itilUMBOPIilTKS  AVROIirBKNN  (Cuvittr  &  ValencieuueH). 

(CAOON  UK   I-O   Al.TO.) 

Head  3,', ;  depth  3,',.  D.  XII,  11 ;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  (7)  10-72-19,  50  pores. 
Body  elongate,  irregularly  elliptical,  the  back  not  greatly  elevated,  high- 
est at  the  nape;  profile  regularly  and  strongly  convex  from  above  eye  to 
spinous  dorsal ;  snout  rather  short  and  blnnti8h,3.*  in  head,  its  upper  pro- 
tile  straight  and  steep;  eye  very  largo,  34  in  htsad;  interorbital  space  very 
convex,  3^  in  head;  |)reorl)ital  narrow,  its  least  wi<lth  7k  in  head;  mouth 
small,  oblique,  the  lower  Jaw  somewhat  projecting;  maxillary  scaleless, 
reaching  fnmt  of  orbit,  2^  in  head.  Upper  jaw  with  a  broad  band  of  villi- 
form teeth,  outside  of  which  is  a  row  of  enlarged  but  comparatively  small 
tt'otb ;  no  canines ;  lower  jaw  with  one  series  somewhat  stronger  than  outer 
teeth  of  upper  jaw;  inside  of  these  is  a  rather  broad  villiform  band  of 
te«th  in  front  of  jaw  only;  tongue  with  a  very  broad  irregularly  ovate 
patch  of  teeth,  its  wi<lth  almost  as  great  as  width  of  tongue,  1^  in  its 
length ;  in  front  of  this  patch  is  a  large  roundish  patch  of  teeth ;  an  oblong 
patch  of  teeth  on  the  hyoid  bone;  vomer  with  a  rhomboid  (^-shaped) 
patch  of  teeth,  forming  almost  a  right  angle  in  front,  with  a  broadly 
wedge-shaped  backward  prolongation  on  the  median  line,  its  length  about 
twice  its  width;  palatine  band  of  teeth  very  wide;  pterygoids  with  a 
large  patch  of  teeth,  these  teeth  undeveloped  and  covered  by  skin  in  young 
examples.  Gill  rakers  numerous,  the  longest  about  +  diameter  of  eye, 
about  G-l-21.  Preopercle  with  posterior  margin  almost  str-ight  and 
verti(Ml,  slightly  emarginate,  weakly  serrate  above,  the  teeth  coarser  at 
the  angle  and  <m  lower  border.  Posterior  nostril  larger,  nearly  round. 
Scales  very  small,  the  rows  above  the  lateral  line  running  upward  an«l 
hackwanl,  the  rows  belo\\  rather  wavy,  almost  horizontal ;  temporal  region 
covered  with  small  partially  embedded  scales,  in  4  or  5  rows;  cheeks  with 
7  rows  of  H'ales;  4  rows  on  interopercle,  3  rows  on  subopercle,  and  7  on 
opercle ;  sm  it,  preorbital  and  jaws  naked ;  top  of  head  scaly  to  near  mid- 
dle of  eye ;  S"  ft  dorsal  and  anal  with  but  few  scales  at  base.  Dorsal  spines 
long  and  sleii  er,  the  fourth  spine  longest,  2^  in  head,  the  length  of  the 
^<piues  thence  gradually  decreasing  to  twelfth  spine,  which  is  3^  in  head; 
margin  ofsoft  dorsal  truncate,  itsraysofsubequaHength,  4in  head,  last  ray 
slightly  sliorter ;  caudal  deeply  forked,  the  upper  lobe  longer  than  lower, 
its  length  1 J  times  middle  rays,  which  are  2  in  head ;  upper  lobe  of  caudal 
scarcely  shorter  than  head;  anal  similar  to  soft  dorsal,  its  rays  3  in  head  ; 
second  anal  spine  shorter  than  third,  4  in  head;  ventrals  li  in  head;  pec- 
torals somewhat  falcate,  reaching  opposite  vent,  1^  iu  head.     Color  in  life, 


•    r-.tr 


ir  i ' ,  ;■ 


Mr; 
.  hi 


1278  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

verniiliou;  paler  below;  faint  brown  lines  rnunin^  oblique!}'  forward  and 
downward  from  dorsal  along  the  rows  of  scales;  Hides  with  narrow  sinuous 
streaks  of  golden  yellow, some  of  them  longitudinal, others  oblique;  dor- 
sal rosy,  its  margin  chiefly  orange;  anal  pule  ut  base,  rosy  at  extremity; 
pectoralH  yellowish,  ventrals  rosy,  eaiulal  vermilion;  iris  vermilion-red; 
inside  of  mouth  duHky.  The  bright  colors  grow  faint  or  disappear  in 
spirits.  Length  about  a  foot;  hero  described  from  a  specimen  from 
Havana.  West  Indies,  north  to  Charleston,  south  to  Kio  Janeiro;  not 
uncommon  in  deep  waters  us  far  north  as  Charleston  and  Pennacola. 
Specimens  from  the  coast  of  Carolina  are  somewhat  deeper  than  those  from 
Cuba,  and  with  the  yellow  streaks  more  pronounced,  becoming  dark  brown 
in  spirits.  One  of  the.se,  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  has  13  dorsal 
spines.  It  is  not,  however,  otherwise  essentially  different,  (aureus, 
golden;  rubens,  reddish.) 

Centroprittia  auron^ens,  Cuvier  Sc  Yalencibnnbh,  Ilist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  in,  45,  1829,  Brazil, 

Martinique,  San  Domingo. 
Metoprion  eUgam,  Poky,  Memorias,  ii,  153,  1860,  Cuba. 
Aprion  ariommus,  JoRDkU  &.  Gilbbrt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat,  Mua.  1883,  142,  Pensacola;  young 

with  pterygoid  teeth  undeveloped. 
Metoprion  aurorubens,  GOnther,  Cat.,  i,  207. 
RhombopliUt  aurorubens,  Gill,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1862,  236;  Jordan  &.  Feblbb, 

i.e.,  454. 
Rhomboplitea  elegant,  Poey,  Kepertorio,  n,  158,  1868. 
Lutjanus  aurorubent,  Vaillant  &  Bocourt,  Mius. Sci. an  Mexique,  117, 1877;  Jordan  & 

OiLUBRT,  Syuopsia,  549. 


J^'^-i 


i:<\: 

:;;":; 


iSvj'' 


mi 


529.  APSILUS,  Cuvier  &.  Valenciennes. 
(Arnillos.) 

Apnlut,  CcviEK  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  vi,  548,  1830  (futcu»,  oii  East  Indiaii 

apeuies) . 
2'ropidmius  (Gill,  MS.)  Poey,  Synopsis,  296,  1868  (aniillo  =  dentatus). 

This  very  distinct  genus  has  essentially  the  cranial  structure  of  Ithom- 
boplites,  with  the  scaleless  fins,  peculiar  squamation,  and  dentiticm  of 
Aprion.  The  prefrontals  have  the  posterior  areas  solid  and  somewhat 
tumid ;  there  are  no  teeth  on  the  pterygoids,  tongue,  or  hyoid  bones.  The 
dorsal  fin  is  short  and  scaleless.  (a,  privative;  ^/AoS,  bare  or  bald;  the 
meaning  not  evident.  Our  species  representing  the  subgenus  Tropidiniii>i, 
dillcrs  from  Jpailua  fuscus  chiefly  in  the  deeper  body  and  larger  head.) 

Subgenus  TROPIDINIUS,  Gill.* 

1652.  APSILUS  DKNTATUS,  Guichenot. 

(Arnillo.) 

Head  3;  depth  25.  U.  X,  10;  A.  Ill,  8,  Scales  7-60-16,  60  pores.  Body 
rather  deep,  oblong,  elliptical,  compressed,  the  back  Homewhat  elevated ; 
profile  from  snout  to  nape  little  convex,  the  nape  strongly  keeled  and 
considerably  convex ;  snout  rather  short  and  blunt,  3^  in  head ;  eye  large, 


'  rpdirit  keel;  Ivi.ov,  nape. 


:t  5^ 


'■■•:;■  I 


Jordan  and  F.vermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1270 


3^:  in  head*  interorbital  space  convex,  31^  in  head,  its  median  lino  boconi- 
iiiu  on  tiio  occiimt  a  Hharp  k«el ;  proorbitul  very  narrow,  7J  in  bead ;  month 
small ;  maxillary  broad,  almost  loachinj?  pupil,  '1\  in  h«>ad ;  upper  Jaw  with 
a  narrow  band  of  villitbrm  teeth,  ontside  of  which  is  a  series  of  larger, 
which  arc  scarcely  largo  enough  to  be  called  cauinoH;  lower  jaw  with  a 
HJnglc  scries  of  small  teeth,  about  (J  (»f  those  in  front  larger,  scarcely 
caninelike,  similar  to  the  larger  teeth  of  upper  Jaw;  inside  of  this  series 
is  a  comparatively  wide  band  of  villiform  teeth  in  front  of  Jaw  only; 
tongue  witliout  teeth ;  vomer  with  a  A-shap^d  patch  of  teeth,  without  back- 
ward prolongation  on  nu'dian  line.  Gill  rakers  inimerous,  the  longest 
;  diameter  of  eye,  about  17  on  lower  half  of  arch.  Preopercle  with  its 
posterior  margin  nearly  vertical,  very  slightly  emarginate,  scarcely  ser- 
iate (sxccpt  at  angle,  where  the  teeth  are  quite  small.  Scales  rather  small, 
virv  regularly  arranged,  the  rows  running  parallel  with  the  lateral  lino  both 
above  and  l)elow ;  7  rows  on  check,  the  scales  of  upper  row  little  enlarged ; 
2  I'ows  on  interoperele,  \{  on  subopercle,  6  on  opercle;  temporal  region 
with  four  rows  of  moderate  scales;  top  of  head,  snout,  and  Jaws  naked; 
bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaleless.  1  )orsal  (in  not  strongly  emarginate, 
the  spines  rather  slender,  the  outline  of  the  fin  rather  strongly  convex, 
i'ourth  spine  longest,  2!  in  head,  tenth  spine  3i  in  head ;  margin  of  soft 
dorsal  gently  rounded,  the  middle  rays  little  longer  than  lirst  rays,  2f  in 
lieiid;  last  ray  not  shorter  than  middle  rays;  caudal  deeply  forked,  the 
upper  lobe  slightly  longer  than  lower,  2^  length  of  middle  rays,,  which 
are  2^^  in  head;  upper  lebe  about  as  long  as  head;  margin  of  anal  nearly 
straight,  the  rays  about  of  equal  length,  except  the  last,  which  is  some- 
what produced,  2^  in  head;  lirst  ray  reaching  about  to  base  of  last  ray, 
when  the  fin  is  depressed ;  anal  spines  rather  weak,  the  third  rather  longest, 
H  in  head;  ventrals  IJl  in  head;  pectorals  somewhat  falcate,  reaching  lirst 
soft  ray  of  anal,  about  as  long  as  head.  Color  in  life,  dusky  violet,  pal*'  • 
below ;  mouth  within  and  tins  all  similar  in  hue,  the  anal  and  ventrals  with 
lilackish  tips;  soft  dorsai  with  some  olive  shades,  the  edge  grayish.  In 
Hitirits,  nearly  uniform  duaky  gray,  ])aler  below.  Length  1  foot.  West 
Indies.  This  beautiful  little  fish  is  rather  common  in  the  markets  of 
Havana,  from  which  locality  came  the  specimen  here  described,  {dentatiis, 
toothed,  the  name  not  characteristic.) 

Apsilii.i  dentatti»,GviCHENOT,  iu  lininoii  de  la  Sagra,  Hiat.  Cuba,  Poiss.,  29,  pi.  1,   fig.  2, 

1845,  Havana ;  Joruan  &.  Feslek,  I.  c,  455. 
Mesoprion  arnillo,FoEY,  Mnnioria-<,  ii,  154,  1860,  Cuba. 
Mcsiiprion  dmtaUig,  GOntiiek,  Cat.,  i,  188,  1859. 
Triipidinius  amillo,  I'OEY,  Synopsis,  296,  1868. 
LiiljunugarnUlnt,  Coi'E,  Trans.  Aiu,  I'hilos.  Soc.  1869,  470. 
Titipiilitdu*  dentatuti,JoiWAN  &  Swain,  I.  c,  406. 

530.  APRION,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes. 


.{prion,  CuviER  &  VALKNriENNKS,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vi,  54;t,  1830  {vircicens). 
.'  ClKvtopterus,  Temminck  &.  Schleokl,  Fauna  Japonica,  I'oiss.,  78, 1850  {dubius). 
I'riiHpomoidea,  Bi.EEKEU,  Natuurk.  Tijdachr.  Nedcrl.  Ind.,  in,  1852, 674  (typtts). 
I'latiiinittt,  (iii.i.,  Proc.  ,\c.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1863,  237  (vorax  —  viacrophthalmus). 
I  SparoptU,  Knru,  Fiaube  Mus.  Godeflroy,  303, 1868  (elongatus). 


1280  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Hody  obloii)^  or  rather  elongate,  coniprosHod ;  nnileH  largo;  month  rather 
small,  the  caiiiiitts  inconHpinioiis;  no  te«;th  on  tongue;  dorsal  tin  rather 
Hhort,  the  soft  ])art  not  Hcaly,  i\\v  iln  not  notched;  skull  eHseiitially  as  in 
J'Jielis,  the  intororl)ital  area  flat,  8Mi)arated  by  a  tranverst^  line  of  demarca- 
tion from  the  occipital,  liy  which  the  median  as  well  as  the  lateral  croHts 
arc  limited;  frontalH  wide  in  front,  and  not  cavernouH;  supraorbital  mar- 
gin cronato;  periotic  region  much  swollen  outward  and  with  the  hones 
tliiu  and  ptdished;  proorbital  moderate;  frontals  behind  with  t'uuncl- 
shaped  foramina.  Aprion  has  csHentially  the  form  of  Xeomwniti,  with  the 
skull  of  Ktelia.  Tlie  American  species  is  the  type  of  the  sul>genus 
I'latifinin8,  which  agrees  with  Aprion  vireaeena  in  th«t  form  of  the  skull, 
ditl'cring  chiefly  in  the  specific  characters  of  deeper  body,  weaker  teeth, 
au«l  narrower  preorbital.     (a,  without;  npiooi',  saw.) 


rath 

U  ill 

1  ,'„  i 

fiiiiit 

strip 

riioiit 

lariy 

olive, 

Mcaih 

hi'igli 

groii 

from 

(XpOtt/ 


!t!:«;l:J 


Subgenus  PLATYINIUS,*  Gill. 
10r>:i.  APItlUN  MACltOI'llTIIALIIirS  (Miilli^r  &Tioachel). 

(VOHAZ.) 

Head  3;  depth  3.  D.  X,  11;  A.  Ill,  8,  scales  7-60-15,  52  pores.  Body 
ohlong-elliptical,  moderately  compressed ;  the  back  not  greatly  elevated ; 
profile  convex  anteriorly,  almost  straight  above  eye;  the  nape  again  con- 
vex, its  keel  low  and  placed  well  back;  snout  rather  blunt,  3|  in  head; 
eye  large,  3S^  in  head;  interorbital  space  broad  and  flat,  4  in  head;  pre- 
orbital narrow,  7^  in  head;  month  small,  oblique;  lower  jaw  slightly 
projecting;  maxillary  about  reaching  middle  of  eye,  2^  in  head.  Upper 
jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth,  outside  of  which  is  a  row  of 
larger  teeth,  the  canines  in  front  little  diflerentiated;  lower  jaw  with  a 
single  series  of  rather  large  teeth,  scarcely  large  enough  to  be  called 
canines;  inside  of  this  series  is  a  comparatively  wide  band  of  villiform 
teeth  in  front  of  jaw  only;  a  few  larger  teeth  among  the  villiform  teeth; 
tongue  without  teeth;  vomer  with  a  rather  narrow  A-shaped  patch  of 
teeth,  without  backward  prolongation  on  median  line.  Gill  rakers 
numerous,  the  longest  about  *  diameter  of  eye,  about  5  + 15.  I'reopercle 
with  posterior  margin  almost  straight  and  A'crtical,  without  emai'gination, 
very  finelj"^  serrate  above,  the  teeth  coarser  on  angle  and  lower  limb. 
Scales  rather  small,  regularly  arranged,  the  rows  running  parallel  with 
the  lateral  line  both  above  and  below  it;  7  rows  of  scales  on  the  cheek, 
the  scales  of  upper  row  not  greatly  enlarged,  two  rows  on  interopercle 
and  8  on  opercle;  temporal  region  with  about  4  rows  of  large  scales;  top 
of  head,  snout,  and  jaws  naked;  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaleless. 
Dorsal  little  emarginate,  the  spines  rather  slender,  the  outline  of  the  fin 
moderately  convex,  third  spine  longest,  2j|  in  head,  tenth  spine  3  in  head; 
margin  of  soft  dorsal  nearly  straight,  the  first  soft  ray  3  in  head,  last  ray 
exserted,  2  in  head;  caudal  well  forked,  the  upper  lobe  slightly  longer 
than  lower,  2f  length  of  middle  rays,  which  are  3  in  head ;  margin  of  anal 
similar  to  spinous  dorsal,  the  last  ray  filamentous,  2^  in  head ;  anal  spines 


i 


*  ■nXatvi:,  Hat;  'iviov,  iiiipe. 


L,|.,lil:i^ 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1281 

riitluT  Blonder,  the  thinl  sliyhtly  lonjjer  tliiiii  seooiul,  3|  in  head;  ventrals 
U  in  head;  pectorals  long  and  pointed,  reuchinjj  to  first  Hoft  ray  of  anal, 
1  ,'„  in  head.  Color  in  life,  rosy  red  with  silvery  luster,  (|uito  silvery  below ; 
fiiiiit  pearly  markings  on  sciiles  of  upper  parts,  these  forming  a  decided 
Htripe  along  hasc  of  dorsal;  head  all  rosy,  darker  above;  iris  silvery; 
month  white  within;  sides  with  pearly  spots,  faint  and  dil!"uHo,  irregu- 
larly scatteretl,  each  about  as  large  as  a  scale;  base  of  dorsal  yellowish- 
olive,  its  edge  scarlet,  the  fin  otherwise  rosy;  caudal  rosy,  becoming 
st-ai'let  behind  ;  pectorals,  ventrals,  and  aiuil  slightly  rosy.  In  siiirits  the 
iiright  «ol(trB  all  fade,  leaving  irregular  pearly  markings  on  a  silvery 
irround.  West  Indies,  generally  common;  the  s]»ecimeus  here  described 
from  Havana,  where  it  is  rather  common  in  the  markets.  (/mxH/jd?,  large; 
t'up'jirXfio^,  eye.) 

■  CentroprinH*  maeroi>hthalmus,  MI'Li.En  &  Tuoschkl  iu  Scuombukiik,  Uiitt.  Barbadus, 

COG,  1848,  Barbados  ;  young. 
Mvtoiirian  vorax,  PoEV,  Memoriae,  ii,  151,  1800,  Cuba. 
ridti/iniui  vorax,  CJill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  Pliilii.  18fi:i,  237. 
lUasliima  macroplithalmun,  (''-!'k,  Trans.  Am.  PliiloH.  Soc.  1800,468. 
Aj'rivH  macrophthalmug,    okda.v  \  Swain,  I.  c,  407;  Jordan  &  Fehlkk,  I.  c,  458. 

531.  ETELIS,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes. 

Kielia,  CuviBR  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Kat.  PoIhs.,  ii.  127,  1828  (carhunctilut,  a  Japanese 

Hi)Kcics). 
I'Aaitoma,  Swainson.  Nut.  llist.  Fiahoa,  11, 168,  202, 1839  (ocnlatxit). 
Itifiii'ranthinn,  Lowe,  Fislies  ol'  Madeira,  14, 1843  (oeitlatus). 
Mitcrops,  DiMtRiL,  IchtU.  Analytiqiio, 279, 1850  {ociilaUu). 

l')ody  elongate,  covered  with  large  scales;  eye  very  large;  preorbital 
vt^ry  narrow;  mouth  moderate,  the  lower  jaw  projecting;  canines  iu  upper 
jiiw  only ;  no  teeth  on  tongue  or  pterygoids;  gill  rakers  long  and  slender. 
Dorsal  tin  deeply  notched,  rather  short,  its  spines  10  in  number,  its  soft 
rii,\H  not  scaly;  caudal  very  deeply  forked;  head  naked  above,  skull  with 
the  interorbital  area  flat,  separated  from  the  occipital  area  by  a  transverse 
lino,  limiting  the  median  and  lateral  crests,  also;  frontals  wide  in  front, 
not  liivernous,  Riinply  normally  perforate;  supraorbital  margins  crenate ; 
jitriotic  region  little  convex  and  with  the  bones  thick,  nnpolished;  pre- 
frontals behind,  with  funnel-shaped  foramina.  The  relationships  of  this 
ficiius  have  been  repeatedly  misunderstood,  but,  as  Gill  has  shown,  it 
lii'longs  in  the  Lutianidw  and  has  no  special  aliinity  with  Jnthias,  J'erca, 
or  Serrantia  t  The  synonymy  and  relations  of  this  interesting  genus  have 
been  well  discussed  by  Dr.  Gill  in  the  paper  above  cited.  In  spite  of 
the  (liUereuce  iu  the  form  of  its  dorsal,  the  relations  of  Etelia  with  Aprion 


*  According  to  Poey  the  CentroprifHs  maerophthalmus  of  Miiller  &  Troschel  was  baaed 
on  the  young  of  tliis  species;  if  ho,  the  latter  ntinie  lias  the  rigi.t  of  priority.  This  species 
ii;;iccs  ch)Hely  with  the  descriptions  oi  Aprion  filamento»v.»  (Cuvier  &.  Valenciennes)  from 
the  islands  east  of  Africa,  but  it  would  be  premature  to  unite  2  species  from  such 
widely  separated  localities  without  an  actual  comparison  of  specimens.  Dr.  Klunzinger 
rcu'iinls  the  2  species  as  identical.  According  to  his  account,  however,  A.  filamentoivs 
is  a  slenderer  fish,  the  depth  4^  in  the  total  length  (3J  iu  A.  macrophthalmut) ,  and  the  scales 
arc  7  55-14,  the  caudal  more  deeply  forked,  (he  lobes  3  times  the  middle  rays  (2J  times  in 
ours). 

t  Scu  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Kat.  Sci.  Phila.  1802,  447,  for  a  discussion  of  the  affinities  ot  Eteli*. 


'I 


m 


I 


1282         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


are  very  clone.  The  Hkiilla  in  the  two  iiro  ulnioHt  identical,  us  has  already 
hoeii  noticed  by  Toey  and  Oill.  (/' reA<$,  etelh,  a  name  uaed  hy  Arintotlo 
fur  Hoiue  Anh  not  now  recognized.) 


a.  M0-cillary  euiily ;  ilttpth  3|  in  Iiiiij[tli. 
aa.  Maxilliiry  itaWttd;  (l<t)ith  2^  in  lonf;tli. 


OCUI.ATI  rt,  Wti. 

Atjuii.ioi.AiuH,  lenri. 


•r: 


i'l:V|i'l 


II 


Hii 


10&4.  KTKIilN  OCUIiATIIH  (Ciiviu-  \  ViilitiiiieiiiiUH). 

(Caciucho.) 

Head  3^t;  depth  3^.  D.  X,  11 ;  A.  II!,  8 ;  scales  5-53-12,  50  pores.  Body 
elongate,  scmewhatfusiibrni,  niodt^ratelyconipresHod;  the  back  moderately 
elevated;  caudal  peduncle  long  and  v«>ry  sleudt^r;  profilt-  convex  on  snout, 
then<-e  straightinh  to  occiput;  the  nape  low,  not  keel«>d;  snout  short, 
rather  poiiite<l,  3^  in  head;  eye  very  large,  3  in  head;  preorhitul  very 
narrow,  its  h^ast  width  14  in  h*>ad.  Mouth  moderate,  oblique,  the  lower 
Jaw  projecting;  maxillary  reaching  middle  of  eye,  2v^„  in  head,  its  surface 
scaly;  iuterorbital  space  slightly  concave,  4  in  head,  the  supraorbital 
ridges  prominent.  Upper  jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth. 
«>utside  of  which  is  a  row  of  moderate  teeth,  the  two  canines  (sometimes 
duplicated)  in  front  very  sharp  and  projecting  forward  and  downward, 
their  length  about  3  in  diameter  of  pupil;  Iowim' jaw  with  villiform  tooth 
in  front  of  jaw  only,  the  larger  teeth  of  the  outer  row  Hmaller  and  more 
numerous  than  in  the  upper  jaw;  canines  of  lower  jaw  not  diU'ereutinted ; 
tongue  without  te«'th;  vomer  with  a  narrow  A-shaped  patch  of  teeth, 
bluntish  in  front  and  without  backward  prolongation  on  median  line;  no 
teeth  on  hyoid  or  pterygoid  bones.  Gill  rakers  long  and  slender,  thi^ir 
length  about  t  diamt^ter  of  eye,  about  12  +  15.  Posterior  margin  of  pre- 
opercle  almost  straight  and  vertical,  scarcely  emarginate,  very  iinely  ser- 
iate; the  teeth  a  little  coarser  at  the  angle.  Scales  rather  large,  the  rows 
all  running  parallel  with  the  lat<>ral  line;  maxillary  with  about  12  scales; 
region  behind  eye  well  scaled ;  7  rows  of  scales  on  cheek ;  4  rows  on  inter- 
opercle,  2  on  suboperde,  and  8  on  opercle;  temporal  region  with  about  4 
rows  of  large  scales ;  top  of  head  and  snout  naked ;  lower  jaw  with  a  few 
embedd(!d  scales ;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaleless.  Spinous  and  soft 
dorsals  connected;  dorsal  spines  rather  high  and  strong,  the  tirst  bpiue 
short,  f  length  of  second  or  longest  spine,  which  is  2  in  head,  the  spines 
thence  becoming  almost  regularly  and  gradually  shorter  to  last  spine, 
which  ia  little  longer  than  first  spine;  margin  of  soft  dorsal  straight,  the 
rays  3  in  head,  the  last  ray  slightly  ehmgate,  its  length  2\  in  head;  aniil 
similar  to  soft  dorsal,  its  last  ray  considerably  produced,  its  first  soft  rays 
when  depressed  reaching  little  beyond  base  of  last  ray ;  anal  spines 
slender  and  regularly  graduated,  the  third  3 J  in  head ;  caudal  very  deeply 
forked,  the  upper  lobe  the  longer,  its  length  4  times  length  of  niiddh^ 
rays,  which  are  3^  in  head ;  upper  lobe  almost  filamentous,  longer  than 
head;  ventrals  If  in  head;  ])ectoraIs  falciform,  reaching  almost  to  anal, 
U  in  head.  Color  in  life,  brilliant  rose-red ;  baaes  of  the  scales  deeper ; 
sides  and  belly  abruptly  paler,  rosy;  mouth  reddish  within;  lining  of 
gill  cavity  reddish;  fins  all  rosy;  spinous  dorsal  and  caudal  bright  red. 


'MM 


Jordan  and  fivermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1283 


the  oth«r  (inn  jtaler.  In  spiritn  thcHO  coIofh  fade,  tlic  AhIi  liecomliin  rosy 
white  LeiiKth  -'  to  3  fett.  \V«mt  IikUoh  to  Mudoira,  not  yot  known  from 
Florida ;'  in  ratlier  deep  .vater ;  generally  conimou  ou  rocky  Itottonis.  The 
Hpociin«)n»  bore  described  from  Havana.  Ouo  of  the  moat  bcantifiil  of 
lislies.  A  very  Hiniilar  spccieH,  K.  earhitnoHhiH  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes, 
,Hcnl8  in  the  East  Indies  and  north  to  Japan.  As  noticed  by  I'eniuiinck 
A  Scblc{j:el  and  by  Steindachner,  tho  pnbiiHhi'tl  descriptions  sh«»w  no 
cliiirac^tcristie  by  which  A'.  ooulatHs  can  be  separated  fioni  E.  mrhun- 
culuM.  It  is,  however,  not  sa.'e  to  nnite  the  two  nntil  actual  comparison 
of  examples  can  be  made.     (o«m/oM««,  "eyed,"  referring  to  the  large  eye.) 

f  Kteli*  caibuneulw,  Cuvikb  *,  Vai.knciennks,  Hlpt.  Nat.  PuiHS.,  u.  127,  1828,  Seychelles 

Archipelago. 
Serranui.  oculatUK,  Ci'ViKK  &.  Vai.KN(;iennk8,  UiKt.Nat.  Poibh..  U,  2(16, 1828,  Martinique. 
Ueiperanthias  oculatim,  l.oWK.  B'iHhos  MiKloira,  l4,  1843. 

CfiUroptUtu  oeulatuM,  MUli.kr  &■  Tuohciiei.  in  S<:no.Miirn(iK,  Hist,  liiirliadon,  66(1,  1H48. 
Maerops  oculatun,  l>rMi;nn„  Iclitli.  Analytiqiir,  270,  185(1. 
Anthias  oculattis,  OC.ntiikh,  Cii«.,  1,02,18.50. 
Ktdiii  ceulatHS,  (llLl.,  Troc.  Ac  Nat.  8<'i.  Thila.  1862,  447;  .Imudan  &  SWAiN,  I.  e..  469; 

.loBD.i.N  &  Feslbk,  I.  e.,  457. 


1(156.  KTKIilN  AQIIILONARiS  (Gooa«  iV  IW.iii). 

A  second  American  species  of  this  genus  has  been  indicated  in  the  fol- 
lowing words: 

A  8p«Hanien  (Cat.  No.  37346,  U.  S.  N.  M.)  obtained  by  the  Fhh  Hatvk  has 
been  misplaced  and  can  not  now  be  fully  described. 

A  note  indicates  that  the  length  of  its  head  was  eciual  to  the  height  of 
its  body,  which  is  contained  2,<^  times  in  the  total  length  (without  caudal), 
'file  diameter  of  the  orbit  is  contained  3,\  times  in  the  head.  The  maxil- 
lary bone  was  naked,  rather  than  scaled  as  in  EteUs  oculatus;  and  the 
scales  numbered  53  in  the  lateral  line,  7  above  and  14  below.  The  radial 
formula  was  I).  X,  11;  A.  Ill,  8.  A  small  specimen,  po.ssibly  of  the  same 
species,  was  obtained  by  the  Hlake,  off  Dominica,  at  Station  CVI,  in  524 
fathoms;  but  since  this  is  less  than  2  inches  long,  and  the  subject  of  the 
above  note  was  9,  it  is  impossible  to  confirm  the  identification  in  the 
absence  of  the  larger  specimen.  (Goode  &  liean.)  The  larger  number  of 
scales  above  the  lateral  line  would  indicate  that  this  species  is  allied  to 
Eleli8  rather  than  to  Jnthias,  with  which  it  has  not  much  in  common. 
{iKluilonariH,  of  the  north  wind;  northern.) 

Anthias  a'^uilonaris,  (looDE  &  Bean,  Oceanic  Ichthyology,  2-18, 1896,  Gulf  of  Mexico,  Lat. 
28°  36'  N.,  Long.  85°  33'  30"  W. 

53a.  VERILUS,  Poey. 

Verilus,  PoEY,  Meniorian,  11,  125,  1860  {sordidun). 

Hody  oblong,  compressed,  the  caudal  peduncle  short  and  thick :  head 
large,  the  skull  largely  cavernous  and  spongy  in  substance;  eye  very 
large;  preorbital  very  narrow;  mouth  large,  the  chin  projecting;  cauines 
moderate;  tongue  and  pterygoids  toothless;  preopercle  with  a  nearly 
entire  membranous  edge.    Scales  large.    Dorsal  deeply  divided;  the  spines 


'I"— 

1 

1 
i 

1284         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


9,  the  soft  rayH  Hcaly  at  bano;  oaiidul  Hliort,  forknd.  ('olor  (limky  pnr- 
pliHh  without,  iiiflinliraiinH  Wlark  within.  Intoiorliital  Hpaoe  Hat,  f(iriiifl«l 
as  in  KiiiiH.  l-'rontaln  ravernitiiH,  witli  longitudinal  nsHttiiH  hiirH,  loavin^ 
interHpat^oH  in  front  of  trunHverso  ridgo  and  on  eacli  Nido  mnir  thn  front; 
upruorhital  mar^inHaniootli ;  iirofrontaJH  litihiiul  with  HiinplD  foramina  for 
(dfactory  uorvrs.  Th»  genuH  io  tochnic-ally  cIoho  to  Ettilin,  althou|(h  thn 
(tinj^lo  known  HpnoioH  in  vury  ditl'erent  from  KlvHi*  ornlatuit.  Thecavi^rnouH 
character  of  the  skull  \h  the  most  Htrikin^  feature  of  the  gsnuH  f'erilu$. 
One  Hpecies,  in  very  deep  water.  ("  Veril,  a  SpaniHh  word,  meaning  '  haut 
de  fond  conptS  a  pic,'  apparently  an  alliiHiou  t(»  tlio  form  of  the  teeth. 
'Ne  vouH  mette/  pau  en  ])eine  sur  I'origine  dn  nom,  lea  meilleufH,  ne  Hont 
pan  lespluH  etymolo^iiiuuH,  par  cela  mOmequ'ils  ont  nuu  siguiticution  rare- 
nient  exclusive. '" — I'oey.) 


ill: 


>t  i 


■I  \r 


hi  ''I'' 


10641.  VKRIM'N  NOBIMUrN,  Poey. 

(Khcolar  CUINO.) 

Head  2;?;  depth  3.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  4-43-9,  41  pores.  Hody 
oblong,  compressed,  rather  robust;  caudal  peduncle  short  and  thick;  head 
large;  profile  almost  straight  from  snout  to  origin  of  spinous  dorsal,  and 
not  at  all  steep;  snout  very  short  and  blunt,  4  in  head;  eye  very  largo,  2^ 
in  head;  interorbital  space  flat,  its  width  4';^  in  head;  occipital  ^^eel  very 
low ;  preorhitul  very  narrow,  7  in  eye,  nearly  20  in  h(;ad;  uiaxilltTy  reach- 
ing middle  of  eye,  2  in  hem'  mouth  large,  oblique,  the  lowrr  Jaw  pro- 
jecting; upper  jaw  with  a  nu.iur  broad  Itand  of  villiform  teeth,  the  ontor 
row  scarcely  enlarged;  2  moderate  canines  in  front  of  jaw,  curved 
inward;  lower  jaw  with  a  single  series  of  teeth  on  sides,  this  series 
giving  place  to  a  very  narrow  villiform  band  in  front,  with  2  (some- 
times du|)licated)  small  canines  directed  nearly  horii^ontally  backward; 
vomer  witli  a  narrowly  V-shaped  jtatch  of  teeth,  without  backward  pro- 
longation (m  median  line;  tongue  and  pterygoids  without  teeth.  Gill 
rakers  numerous,  their  length  almost  half  diameter  of  eye,  17  on  the 
lower  part  of  the  arch,  all  developed.  Preopercle  with  posterior  margin 
weak  and  flexible,  almost  entire,  becoming  somewhat  serrate  at  the  angle 
and  on  lower  limb;  no  distinct  enuirgiuation,  but  the  angle  salient,  mem- 
branaceous. Scales  large,  the  rows  horizontal  below  the  lateral  lino; 
those  above  rather  irregular,  the  series  running  upward  an<l  backwiird ; 
head  scaly  everywhere,  the  scales  generally  smaller  than  on  bo<ly ;  operclc 
with  3  rows  of  scales,  very  large,  1  row  on  subopercle;  cheeks  with  many 
rows  of  scales,  those  in  the  middle  very  small;  1  or  2  rows  on  inter- 
opercle;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  somewhat  scaly.  Pseudobranchiir 
large.  Hranchiostegals  7.  Spinous  and  soft  dorsals  entirely  separate; 
first  spine  41  in  second,  which  is  2^  in  head,  the  spines  thence  becoming 
gradually  shorter  to  ninth  spine,  which  about  e(|uals  length  of  first  spine; 
last  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  not  ]>roduced ;  margin  of  soft  dorsal  slightly 
concave,  the  anterior  rays  longest,  2^  in  head ;  anal  similar  to  soft  dorsal, 
its  margin  rather  more  concave,  first  soft  rays  extending  beyond  tips  of 
last  rays,  when  the  fln  is  depressed;  anal  spines  moderate,  the  third 
alightly  longer  than  second,  2|  in  head;  caudal  flu  short,  hroad,  modei- 


fordan  and  F.vcnnanu. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1285 


iitoly  f(»rk«Ml,  tlio  upper  1o)m<  lonff«r,  Itn  Imntli  Mciin'oly  twice  that  of 
iiiitltllu  riiyH,  whittli  ur*>  2i  in  head;  pot-toriilH  lon^,  loiM-hiii^  tu  origin  nf 
iiiial,  \\  inbtuul;  vontrals  IK  in  hoiul.  (;«»Ior  duHky  jtray,  nliKlitly  piilor 
nulow;  tlpH  of  HpinouH  dorsal  and  viMitralH  ,jot  lilack,  tlio  tinn  «>tli«T\viH() 
('i>loru«l  aH  tilt)  body ;  poHt«>rior  od^o  of  candul  diiHky ;  lining  of  gill  cavity, 
|ii>ritoiHMini,  an<l  poHterior  part  of  nioiitli  Jet  iduok.  West  IndiuH,  very 
rarciv  taken  in  deep  water  otV  tli*>  coaHt  of  (^iba.  It  ban  never  been  Heen 
olsewlitTe.  Tlio  Hpcoinien  altove  di'H<-ril)ed  waHolttuined  iu  Havana,  {mr- 
ilidiiH,  Hordid,  from  the  dull  rolor,  in  contrast  with  the  lirif{htneHH  of  A'/ft/is 
orulatiiH.) 

Vfiiliii  nordiduii,  T'OBV,  Moinorian,  n,  125,  pi.  12,  (Ig.  (1,  IHAU,  Cuba,  PoRY,  Kopcrtoi io,  n, 
157,  IK(l7i  Poky,  iSynopsIs,  201,  1808;  I'oKV,  Kniiinunitio,  ;i2,  187.'i;  JoiiiiA.N  &  Kehi.bk, 
I.  «.,  458. 

533.  XENOCYS,  Jordan  &  hoilnmn. 

Xenoeyn,  Jordan  &  Hollman,  Vrw.  V.  8.  Nat.  Mus.  1880,  IflO  {jemiiiv). 

TliiH  geiiuH  is  closely  related  to  XenhiiuH,  from  which  it  diff(>r8  chiefly  In 
liavin^  the  dorsal  Huh  entirely  Heparatod,  the  apinouH  part  of  \)  s|)ine8, 
itH  haN)>  contaiiiinK  that  of  Hoft  dorsal  \\  times;  nostrils  smaller  and  (doser 
fi»f;othcr  tlian  in  XeniHtiua ;  teeth  Huiuller;  the  fins  more  densely  scaled 
and  the  occipital  crest  lower,  The  single  species  inhabits  rocky  shores  in 
rhe  tiistern  Pacific  and  is  a  fish  of  remarkably  graceful  form.  (?fVo?, 
strange;  loxv'i,  swift.) 

1««7.  XKNOCYS  JKSSI.K,  Jordan  &  llollman. 

Head3J;  depth  3)}.  I).  X-I,  13  or  14;  A.  Ill,  10  or  11;  scales  8-51-15. 
Mody  narrowly  but  rejjularly  elli|>tical,  compressed;  back  little  elevated; 
iiiDiith  rather  large,  somewhat  oblique;  lower  jaw  somewhat  projecting; 
inaxilliiry  rather  broad,  reaching  nearly  to  middle  of  puj)!!,  2^  in  head; 
eye  large,  its  diameter  greatest  obliquely  downworfl  and  backward,  equal 
lo  snout,  3^  in  head ;  longitudinal  diameter  shorter  than  snout,  3>  in  head ; 
j)reorbital  rather  narrow,  its  narrowest  place  2J  iu  eye,  its  edge  entire, 
slicathing  the  edge  of  the  maxillary  for  its  whole  length.  Teeth  very 
small,  bands  wider  than  in  Xenxstliis  caliJ'uniicnHiB,  those  on  vomer  in  a 
A-sbaped  patch,  but  very  small.  Nostrils  minute,  close  together,  the 
.'interior  round,  the  posterior  oblong.  Serra^  of  preojiercle  at  angle  blunt, 
rather  flat,  none  below,  tliose  on  ascending  limb  smaller  and  sharper, 
(iill  rakers  long  and  slender,  about  23  below  angle.  Opercle  without 
s|)iiies.  Cheeks  and  top  of  head  with  small  scales;  lower  Jaw  and  snout 
witli  rudimentary  scales;  maxillary  naked;  scales  small,  firm,  ctenoid. 
horsal  fins  entirely  separate,  the  interval  between  them  about  ^  diameter 
(if  e)-e;  dorsal  spines  rather  high,  slender,  and  pungent;  thi^  first  short, 
tlio  tliird  and  fourth  of  equal  length,  2  in  head,  reaching  when  depressed 
t(i  the  tip  of  eighth;  the  second  t  in  third;  soft  dorsal  longer  than  anal, 
its  liase  about  f,  of  an  eye's  diameter  shorter  than  that  of  spinous  dorsal; 
HiM'ond  anal  spine  noticeably  shorter  than  third,  which  is  almost  4  iu  head; 


I  I 


.il. 


1280         Dulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


IttiiKANt  Hol't  my  I'V  in  linnil ;  not't  dorMiil,  iiiiitl  nixl  Imiha  of  vAiitraU  oloHrly 
covonul  with  Hinikll  mcuIoh;  niiMlitl  <l«««|>ly  I'orktMl,  Um  pi«iliiiicl«  Hlnmhtr,  itN 
iiplH^r  lolio  1 1  inlirutl;  pixtorulH  loii^;,  itointotl,  \\  in  liimtl;  vontriilHroarh 
int{  Nli^litly  nioro  tlian  i|  diHtanre  to  vent,  Vi  in  Imnil ;  axillury  xniln  ol 
vtuitrnlH  woll  dovulopuil.  (!olor  ^ruyiHh-ltlnnli  aIkiva,  Hilvory  ImWow,  witli 
altunt  7  ilistinrt  l»la<!l<,  (ttrai^lit,  parnllul  HtripMH  on  l»acl<  ami  nttlus,  whicli 
oxtenil  airoHH  opuri'l««ii  aiul  «-hnol<H,  MioHe  al>ov«)  lat«M'iil  lin«)  in<liHtin<'t  in 
o|<l  Npfcinienn;  tlio  nppor  ntripoH  abont  aH  wiilu  ah  tim  int«rHpactm,  tin 
lo\v««r  narrownr;  lop  of  In-ail  with  iliHtinrt  Htript^H;  llnH  duHky,  except  tint 
vttntralH.  hon^th  about  a  loot.  (ialapaj^oH  iHlaiKU;  locally  common; 
a  rtMiuirkaltly  Ki'ucol'iil  ami  ut-tive  llHh.  (Named  i'ur  Mm.  .letwio  Knight 
.lordttn.) 

Xfnocyn  jfKiiw,  Jorpan  Si  Doi.i.man,  I'ror,  U.  H.  Nnt.  Miih.  HHO,  ISO,  Charlei  Island, 
OalapaKoa  Archipelago  (Typx,  No.  41I(U),  U.S.  N.  M.  Cull.  \lhatro»i)\  .loHDAN,  rroc. 
Cal.  Ac.  Scl.  1806,  220,  pi.  24. 

534.  XENISTIUS,  .Ionian  &  Ollbort. 

Xenittiut,  .Ioroan  U  (Iiuiert,  HynopitiH,  020,  18H:i  {eaU/nrninmii). 

ThiH  gonuH  in  closely  related  to  XenichthifH,  but  it  is  remarkably  din 
tin^ninhed  by  the  relative  dt^velopment  of  the  vertical  tinN,  the  Hot't  dorniil 
and  anal  i)eing  aimilar  to  each  «>thcr  and  Hhorter  than  the  apinonH  dorsal. 
One  HpecieH  known.     ($cVoS,  ntrange;  idriov,  Hail,  doraal  tin.) 


1668.  XEIVINTHIN  CALIFORNIKNNI§  (8t<>inilnchner). 

Head  3  to  .Sj^;  depth  S  to  3*.  1).  XI-l,  12;  A.  Ill,  10;  Hcales,  7-.''.2-13. 
Body  oblong-elliptical,  the  back  a  little  elevated;  head  comprenHed; 
mouth  moderate,  terminal,  very  obli<|u«>,  the  lower  Jaw  Htnmgly  protrud- 
ing; maxillary  narrow,  reaching  front  of  pupil,  2^  in  head;  eye  large,  3| 
to  3^  in  head,  the  eye  nmaller  and  the  boncH  of  tht*  head  tinner  than  in 
XenichthifH  lanti;  t<'eth  Hmall,  sharp,  in  vory  narrow  baiKls,  thoHc  on  vonur 
iu  a  A-sbaped  patch,  but  ho  small  aH  to  be  scarcely  appreciable;  pr«-opoi- 
cle  with  flnc  sharp  8erra>;  nostrilH  small,  rtuind.  Gill  rakers  long  ami 
slender,  11  +  15  to  20;  scales  small,  tirm;  dorsal  tins  almost  separate;  spines 
Hlender  but  pungent;  third  and  fourth  dorsal  spines  longest,  1}  in  head, 
the  others  gradually  shortened ;  soft  tlorHal  and  anal  similar  to  each  other, 
short,  shorter  than  spinous  dorsal,  the  anterior  rays  much  higher  than  in 
the  species  of  Xe.niohthys;  first  soft  ray  of  anal  3  in  head;  Hoft  dorsal  and 
anal  scaly;  pectoral  tins  rather  long,  l^  iu  head,  not  reaching  vent;  color 
bluish  above,  silvery  below;  continuous  dark  orange  brown  stripes  on 
upper  part  of  body,  3  above  lateral  line,  3  or  4  below;  upper  fins  dusky, 
lower  mostly  pale.  Length  abont  a  foot,  Pacitic  coast  of  America  from 
San  Diego  B«>uth ward  to  La  Paz  and  Guaymus ;  rather  common  southward ; 
a  pretty  and  interesting  tlsh. 

Xeniehthys  eali/omientis,  Steinuaciinkh,  Ichtli.  Hcitrilge,  in,  3,  1875,  San  Diego;  Jim- 

UAN  &.  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  547. 
Xenittiui  califomienn»,  Jouuan  &-  Fbslbu,  Review  Sparoid  Fishes,  460,  1893, 


Jordan  and  livcrmann, — Inshis  of  North  America.      1287 

-   *•  ■  -  ■  - 

535.  XKNICHTHYS,  dill. 

\fnieMh\it,  <>ll,r„  Profl.  An.  Niit.  S«l.  IMillu.  IHrt.!,  Hi!  {mnti). 

Holly  <-l<>ii^iito,  Hit liriiHirorni,  roiiiprHMNtMi :  lioiitl  (mmiIc,  littlo  rdiiiprrHHiMl ; 
nvoH  liirx«'.  iiiitnrior;  pn'i»rltital  iiiirrow,  «)Mli|ii<s  pi'tMiprrclM  Horrtite; 
iiioiitli  Htiiiill,  vi'i-y  ohlli|ii««;  ohiii  iiiiirli  proJiMtiiiK.  a  |ic>i-o  mi  t-iirh  nitlo  of 
ihi!  HViiipliyHiH;  t«»tli  v«try  Hriiall,  riHsiirv«^<l,  in  narrow  IiuiiiIh  in  earlijiiw; 
vonior  with  \\  rhonilittitl  patfli  of  v<>i-.v  ininntc  t.«M^tli;  piilatim-H  and  ton>;no 
nt'iirly  or  ipiito  tootliloHs;  Inani'liioMto^alH  7.  >Scal«>N  Hnntll,  Hrni,  rtunoid. 
jiorHiii  linM  nearly  Huparat«s  tlio  Hpiiirn,  10  in  niinilttM-,  Hhtntlt-r  hnt  rigiti, 
i-«tuoiv«Ml  in  n  gronv«<;  una!  with  ii  ^radiiatod  Hitintm;  HoCt  ilorNal  and  anal 
loh^;,  low,  oa<-h  with  altont  IH  Hoft  rayn,  Iomki'T  than  tho  N|iinonH  dorHal; 
caudal  ttniarKinato;  axillary  Hcalu  pruHunt.  Two  HpoclcH.  lOantorn  I'aoiUc, 
(««>«;,  Htran^o;  *^^i'?,  fish.) 

a.  IVctoritl  fin  faloato,  nhout  a«  Ioiik  im  lionil  ami  ronc.liiiiK  to  front  ol'  nnnl  fln;  color 

iinirlv  pliiiii  Htlvcry.  A(iasni/,ii,  16r>0. 

iia.  I'ucioral  lliiNliori,  liin  li«a<l,  uud  not  rua«^hinK  nearly  tuyout;  color  nilviTy  with 

fiiint  lonKitiidinnl  MtmnkN.  .XANTI,  1600. 

IttoO.     XKMCHTIIVM  A<aSSIZII,  .StoinilanlinKr. 

Hoad  :i;  depth  W.  I).  XI-I,  17  or  IH;  A.  Ill,  17;  Hcalos  r.«5.  Poctoral  fin 
falcate,  ahoiit  an  long  as  tho  huad,  and  roarliiiif;  to  front  of  anal  lin;oy() 
very  lar^e,  2;t  in  head;  snout  hroad  and  tiat;  nioiith  obliqn*!,  tho  maxil- 
lary '1\  in  head;  teeth  <|nite  Hniall,  those  on  vomer  Hcarcidy  ilevoloped; 
none  on  palatines  or  tongue;  lower  Jaw  niueh  projecting;  preo]>erclo  very 
liiicly  Hcrrnlatc.  (Jill  rakers  slender  and  rather  lonjj,  X4-17;  nostrils 
NMiall,  oblong,  the  longest  jj  pupil;  body  conii>reHsed,  the  back  somewhat 
elevated;  longest  dorsal  spine  not  \  length  of  head;  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  low,  covered  with  small  scales;  caudal  forked;  anal  spines  short, 
graduated,  the  second  stouter;  first  soft  ray  of  anal  less  than  )^  head. 
Color  Mteel-blue  above,  silvery  below.  Galapagos  Islands;  not  common; 
the  above  dcscriptiim  from  one  of  the  original  types.  (Named  for  Louis 
Agassi/,.) 

Xenichtliy$  agaitizii,  Strindachnbu,   Iclitii.  Heitrii);^,   ni,  0,  1875,  Galapagos  Islands; 
JOIIDAN  &.  Feslbh,  I.e.,  401. 


16«0.  XKMniTIIVS  XAMI,  dill. 

llcadlJ;  depth  3.  D.  XI-I,  18;  A.  Ill,  17;  scales  10-.f>4-ll.  Form  ellipti- 
cal, the  body  comparatively  deep,  conipreHHed,  the  back  somewhat  ele- 
vated; jirolilenearly  straight  from  snout  to  base  of  dorsal;  headsubconic, 
llattish  above,  not  strongly  eorapressed;  the  temporal  region  promini^nt; 
liD.st -temporal,  interorbital,  and  suborbital  regions  somewhat  cavernous, 
yielding  to  the  touch;  nuchal  regi«)n  slightly  carinate;  mouth  terminal, 
very  ol)li(|ue,  the  lower  Jaw  strongly  itrojecting,  its  tip  entering  the  upper 
profile  of  head;  preorbital  rather  narrow,  its  least  width  less  than  J 
the  diameter  of  the  ]>upil.  Teeth  small  and  feeble,  in  narrow  bands  in 
both  jaws,  a  few  on  vomer,  none  on  palatines  or  tongue.     Nostrils  similar, 


'i 

' 

1 

! 

■ 

j 

1! 

1288  liulldin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


m 


■rv 


near  together,  oMoug,  iiioro  than  twice  as  long  us  broad  (nearly  round  in 
A'.  voli/ornienHiH).  Proorbital  region,  nttper  .jaw,  and  tip  of  lower  jiiw 
Tiaked;  rest  of  head  scaly.  Edge  of  preorbital  entire.  Eye  extremely 
largo,  i  longer  than  snout,  which  is  somewhat  longer  than  the  widtii 
of  the  Ihit  interorbital  space;  diameter  of  head  IJ  in  length  of  head.  Pre- 
operi'le  pro<luced  and  mombranaceoiis  at  its  angle,  its  vertical  limb  witii 
weak,  sharp  teeth.  Gill  rakers  moderate,  about  A  diameter  of  pupil, 
6-f- 14.  Scales  nH)dorate,  thin,  somewhat  ctenoid,  those  of  the  bn^ast  like 
the  others;  scales  on  breast  and  back  somewhat  reduced.  Dorsal  spin l- 
higb,  llexible,  the  third  liigiiest,  as  long  as  snout  and  eye,  or  Ij^  in  head, 
5i^  in  length  of  body;  tenth  dorsal  spine  very  low;  eleventh  and  twolltli 
a  little  higher;  soft  dorsal  loi  g  aiul  low,  its  highest  rays  less  than  diame- 
ter of  orbit,  its  base  f  length  of  head,  slightly  longer  than  base  of  soft 
dorsal,  equal  to  base  of  anal;  anal  spines  small,  graduated,  the  third  jj 
height  of  the  soft  rays;  caudal  moderately  and  equally  forked,  the  mid- 
dle rays  J  length  of  outer ;  length  of  the  fin  more  than  lengtl:  of  snout  and 
eye;  pectoral  short,  not  reaching  nearly  to  vent,  a  littlelongcr  than  snout 
a.id  eye,  or  IJ  in  head;  ventrals  not  nearly  reaching  vent,  IJ  in  head, 
their  accessory  scale  well  developed;  vertical  fins  with  well-developed 
sheaths  of  Kcales;  anal  entirely  scaly;  soft  dorsal,  pectorals,  and  ventrala 
moftly  covered  with  scales;  caudal  i)artly  scaled.  Coloration  in  life: 
Back  bluish-grav;  below  silvery;  upper  part  of  sides  with  7  or  8  longitu- 
dinal, narrow,  yellowieh-browu  streaks,  some  of  which  are  continued  very 
faintly  on  the  head;  snout  blacki.^'i  ibove,  yellowish  on  sides;  mouth 
light  yellow  within,  with  tip  of  tongue  and  membrane  of  lower  jaw  black- 
ish anteriorly ;  eye  with  a  dusky  yellowish  streak  surrounding  the  iris; 
spinous  dorsal  yellowish  below,  dusky  toward  the  margin:  other  vertical 
fins  yellowish,  with  some  scattered  bla(;k  points  and  with  narrow  black 
margins;  pectorals  yellowish,  the  membrane  with  series  of  dark  points 
between  the  rays;  ventrals  white,  with  a  dusky  yellow  blotch  on  the 
outer  ^  of  outer  rays.  Young  with  two  dark  longitu<linal  stripes  and  a 
faint  dusky  spot  at  base  of  caudal.  Here  described  from  the  types  cf 
A'cnichthys  xvHops,  10  inches  long,  from  Panama.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical 
Ameri«'a;  from  Capo  San  Lucis  to  Panama;  common  southward.  (Named 
for  .lohn  Xantus  de  Vasey,  who  iiia«le  a  remarkably  valuable  collection  ol 
fishes  at  Cape  San  Lncas. ) 

XenichthifS  xanti,  Gii.l,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  .S<'i.  Pliila.  18611.  Ki',  Cape  San  Lucas;  youiifi;  Jon 

DAN  A-  FESI.fiR,  I.  c,  •^61. 
Xeni-hthjiH  xeiiopfi,  JoKD.VN  \  Gilheiit,  Hull.  U.  S.  Fish  Com.  18H1,  325,  Panama;  adiiU. 

(Types,  No».  29173  and  29.'>i:i.     C.tll.  Gilbert.) 


slillll 


«Al 


536.  NEMIPTERUS,  Swaiuson. 


Nemipterus,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hist.  Fialies,  otc,  n,  223,  183!t  {Jilamnitosuii). 
Hi/nagrin,  GOnther,  Cat.  Fitdi.  Hrit.  Mas.,  I,  373,  IS.IO  {furcomit) ;  not  S\jn(ii;ri.%  lileoker. 
Dentfx,  Hleeker,  Systeiiia  Porcariun  Kevisuni,  278,  1875  (Jilamrnloivii)  -.  not  ol'  tJuviEn, 
whoso  tyi)e  is  Dnitex  denttx. 

This  genus  contains  sonn^  20  species,  very  closely  allied  to  the  European 
gonns  Dentex,  from  which  they  are  distinguished  by  the  larger  scales. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1289 


lulull. 


Rker. 

lUVIEH, 


hpeaii 

Icilk'H. 


snialler  month,  and  fewer  dorsal  spines,  all  characters  of  minor  iniporto,nce. 
All  are  Asiatic,  except  the  one  very  imperfectly  described  species  said  to 
have  been  taken  in  our  waters.     (j'V/'«>  thread;  Ttrepov,  fiu.) 

IGftl.  NKMII'TEItUS  SIAt'UONKMlS  (aiinthur). 

Head  t ;  depth  '.i'i  (with  caudal).  D.  X,  9;  A.  Ill,  7.  First  dorsal  spine, 
ii,t|ier  lolte  of  caudal,  and  iirst  ray  of  ventral,  produced  in  long  (ilameuts. 
('(»l(tr  red  (Cuvior  &  Valenciennes).  This  species  is  known  only  i'roni  the 
oii"inal  type,  a  young  specimen  said  to  have  been  sent  by  Diepering  from 
Surinam,  but  which  may  be  really  from  the  East  Indies.  AVwiJjj^erns 
iiKicroncinug  agrees  very  closely  with  Xcmipteriis  uematophoruH,  Giintlier, 
from  Sumatra.  According  to  IJleolver  the  chief  diHereuccs  are  these,  that 
in  mavronemus  but  1  dorsal  spine  is  filamentous,  in  nematophoriin  2;  in 
inacroucmns  the  lins  are  more  pointed.  All  these  are  doubtful  characters, 
and  it  may  well  be  that  NernqyterKS  viacroneinim  came  from  Suuuitra  rather 
than  from  Surinam.  Collections  from  the  Dutcli  East  Indian  and  West 
[iidiau  colonies  have  been  repeatedly  mixed  in  European  museums. 
{lutHfjo?,  long;  vOfdt,  thread.} 

Iii'iiiix  Jllamcntostts,  Cuviek  a-  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Toiss.,  vi,  254,  jd.  155,  1830, 

Surinam;  not  CatUhanigjilainenldiiiiii,  HuiiyivW,  ,i1ho  .a  Xctnijilfnix. 
SniKi'ji-iK  iiiticiimriints,  (ii'NTHEH,  Cat.,  I,  .'(80,  1859,  Surinam;  iil'lor  CuviliU. 
.S'einiiitcrus  macronemus,  Jokuan  &  1'"esi.eu,  I.  c,  ."iOS. 

Family  CL.     II^EMIILID^E. 
(TllK   CJUUNTKUS.) 

Mody  oblong,  or  more  or  less  elevated,  covered  with  moderate  slxed, 
adherent  .sciles,  which  are  more  or  less  strongly  .tonoid  or  almost  cychdil; 
lateral  lino  well  developed,  concurrent  with  the  back,  usually  not  extending 
on  the  caudal  fin  ;  head  large,  the  crests  on  the  skull  usually  largely  d((\ el- 
oped; no  su''orbital  stay;  mouth  large  or  small,  usually  terminal,  low, 
and  horizontal ;  ]»remaxillai'ies  protractile,  their  spines  not  greatly  pro- 
(liicf^d  backward;  maxillary  without  supplemental  bone,  f<n  most  of  its 
length  slipping  under  the  edge  of  the  lueorbital,  which  forms  a  more  or 
less  distinct  sheath;  preorbital  usually  broad,  no  barbels;  teeth  all 
pointed,  ncme  of  them  forming  marked  canines;  no  teidli  on  the  vomer, 
jialatines,  and  tongue;  lower  pharyngeals  separate,  with  pointed  teeth; 
ni lis  4,  a  large  slit  behind  thc!  fourth;  pseudobranehia'  largo;  gill  rakers 
iiiotlerate;  gill  membranes  separate,  free  from  the  isthmus;  preoperele 
serrate  or  entire;  oi)ercle  without  spines;  sides  of  head  usually  scaly; 
dorsal  (in  single,  continuous  or  deeply  notched,  sometimes  divided  into 
•_'  fins,  the  spines  usually  strong,  depressible  in  a  groove;  the  spines  heter- 
acantlions,  that  is,  alternating,  the  one  stronger  (m  the  right  side,  tjie 
other  on  the  left,  the  spines  usually  10  to  12  in  number;  ana'  tin  similar 
lo  tiie  soft  dorsal,  and  with  3  spines;  ventral  tins  thoracic,  the  rays  I, 
"i.  with  a  more  or  L'ss  distinct  sealelike  ai)pendage  at  base;  caudal  tin 
nsiiiilly  more  or  less  concave  behind  ;  air  bladder  present,  usually  simjile; 
sidiiiaclieieeal;  pyloric ca'ca few ;  vertebra- usually  10-f  11:^21.  I{ranch- 
lostegals  usually  6  or  7.  Cranium  with  its  mueiferous  system  moderately 
(levolo]»ed  or  rudimentary.  Intestinal  canal  short.  Carnivorous  fishes  of 
3030 -1 


1200  Ihilh'tin  //.  United  States  National  Museum. 


■'<<.' 


:5'i!' 


!■< 


Mjf  warm  seas,  most  of  theui  valued  as  footl.  Generii  about  15;  species 
nearly  /"/).  The  group  is  very  ckv»e  to  the  Lutianidw  on  the  one  hand  and 
to  tlio  Spaiidii  1)11  the  other,  white  son'e  of  its  members  show  affinities  with 
some  Scianido'  and  Herranida:     {I'riatijmmalida;  (iiiuther,  Cat.,  l,  272-337.) 

a.  OhJii  with  a  oentrfll  Kr«ov«  behind  the  syiuphj'sis  of  the  lower  jaw. 

0.  MoutJi  more  or  Icfs  wiile,  the  jaws  Moarlet  posteriorly  in  life  j  soft  parts  of  verti 
cal  liiis  (Iciiselv  scaly  tothoiv  luarKin.H. 
c.  Scales ahove  lateral  lino  arrauj^ed  in  very  oblique  si^ries,  not  parallel  with 
the  latrral  line, 
rf.  Jaws  Buheiiual,  or  the  lower  Includetli  month  little  obliqno;  gill  rakers 
comparatively  few  anil  short. 
e.  Dorsal    spines  12,    rarely   11;  scales  large  i   gill  rakers  few  ami 
small   (10  to  14  on  lower  ])nrt  of  anterioi'  arch);  I'rontal  foni 
men  u  single  or  divided  slit  at  the  base  of  the  high  suprii 
occipital  crest  in  front. 
/.  IStouth  modcrato  or  large,  its  cleft  more  than  \  length  of  head 
hack  more  or  less  clevuted;  .Hccoud  anni  spine  strong,  nota 
Itly  longer  than  third.  ILk.mulon,  537. 

//.  Mouth  small,  its  idoft  less  than  J  Icngtli  of  head;  body  rather 
elongate;  second  anal  sjjiue  small;  back  and  sides  with 
longit\idinal  yellow  stripes;  teeth  weak:  gill  rakei - 
rather  few  and  hiimII;  snout  vei'y  siioil,  'JJ  in  head 
I'rontal  Inramina  sep.'U'ate  and  placed  sonu;  distance  in 
front  of  the  very  low  supraoccipital  crest;  preinaxillar\ 
spine  very  short,  41  in  head.  1?ha('1iv(ii:.ny8,  5;I'^ 

ce.  Dorsal  spines  13;  anal  flu  tow;  i)reorbital  low;  gill  raUer.s  inmod 
erate  or  ratlier  large  numbers,  12  to  18  on  lower  part  of  arcli 
lower  Jaw  not  i>roJecllngi  mouth  little  obli(|ue;  body  coin 
parativcly  elongate,  the  depth  2%  to  H.J  in  length ;  body  with 
longitudinal  yellowish  strijies;  scales  rather  small;  frontiil 
foramina  long  livided  slits  in  front  of  supraoccipital  crest 
size  snuiU.  IJATiivsroM.A,  5;i!i 

lid.  Lower  Jaw  projecting  beyond  upper;  snout  very  short ;  gill  raker- 
comparatively  long  and  slender,  about22  on  lower  part  of  anteridi 
arch  ;  frontal  foiamiiui  2  short  slits  close  fogetlior  Just  in  front  nl 
the  high  supraoccipital  crest;  dorsal  spines  12  or  13. 

LyTHRULON,  5)1' 

cc.  Scales  above  lateral  line  arranged  in  longitudinal  series,  which  are  through 
out  parallel  with  the  lateral  line;  dorsal  siiines  13  or  U;  front. il 
foramina  narrowly  oval,  wholly  separate,  some  distance  in  front  o(  tin 
low  supraoccipital  crest;  i)remaxillary  sjniie  short,  3^  in  head;  low  ' 
Jaw  projecting.  OuTHOSTCEciir.s,  ,"i4i. 

lib.  Mouth  moro  or  less  narrow,  not  scarlet  within;  soft  tins  naked  or  with  scalci 
on  thciir  basal  parts. 
;/.  Anal  lin  short,  its  rays  III,  TtoIII,  10;  dorsal  tin  more  or  less  emargiiiiiir 
its  spines  rather  robust. 
h.  Uody  ovate,  the  back  elevated;   depth  grt;aler  than  length  cd'  iIh' 
head;  outer  teeth  of  upper  Jaw  enlarged;  lips  thick;  secon<l  aii;il 
si)ine  strong;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  at  ha?-.;. 

ANIHdIKE.MfS,  T)!.'. 

hh.  Body  oblong,  the  depth  usually  less  than  h^iigtli  if  head;  lijis  ini 

very  thick  ;  scales  large,  those  above  lateral  line  in  series  mostly 

parallel  with  hiteral  line. 

i.  Preopercle  very  sharjily  serrate,  the  serra'  at  angle  much  in 

larged,  those  below  angle  turned  forward;  oiiti"  teeth  in 

both  jaws  considerably  enlarged;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  .iiul 

anal  more  or  less  scaly;  second  anal  sjiine  enlarged. 

CON'JDON.  Jl! 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1291 


species 
md  and 
ies  with 
72-337.) 

H  of  verti 

riiUel  will) 

(fill  raker > 

s  few  mill 
olital  linii 

th  of  lieail 
rong,  ii«>ti> 
MULON,  r);i7 
body  ral  111! 
I  Bulea  witli 

Hill   raUt'i 
ijl  in  iK'iiil 

(liHtaiH'c  in 
ireinaxilliir: 

V(1KNY8,  5;l^ 

[U('i-.-<iuiiii>il 
part  of  anil 
3;  body  t'oii' 
i;  body  with 
nail;  frontal 
I'ipital  I  lost 

vsroMA,  5;(',i 
^111  ralu'i- 

•t  of  anterii" 
t  in  front  nl 

lilUULON,  5411 

jaii'tiiroiifili 
U;   front. il 
front  of  till' 
bead;  1"^'  ' 

1-(K('I11S.  all. 

witli  sciili " 

lemarpiuaii' 

I'Ugth  of  111. 
second  aii;il 

llHEMfS,  'ilJ 
■ad;  lil>s  H'l 
leries  most  I  v 

Mo  mucb  111 
Iti;-  teetli 

If  itors;il  111  'I 
:ed 

bN'JDON.  .'il 


ti.  Preoperclo   finely  serrate,  the  serrso  at  the  angle    scarcrely 

enlarged,  those  below  not  antrorsej  teeth  siibeqnal,  or  the 

outer  in  ui>i»er  jaw  somewhat  enlarjred;  gill  rakers  very 

short  and  weak. 

j.  Soft  i)art  of  dornal  and  anal  v,  ith  series  of  small  scales  on 

the  uieinbranes  behind  each  ray;  anal  spines  small  or 

moderate,  tlie  Hecond  little,  if  any,  lonjjer  or  stronfjer 

than  third  ;  anal  lower  than  the  soft  rays  ;  bodyoblong, 

not  elevated  ;  scales  above  lateral  line  parallel  with  the 

back;  dorsalsiilnes  12,  thoHoflraysl.'iorlO;  outerteetli 

ofii|iper,jaw  sli);lilly  ttnlarged.    BnACIIYDEl'TKIUS,  544. 

)j.  Soft  pai  Is  of  doi'sal  and  anal  sealeless,  excejit  a  low  sheath 

at  base;  anal  Hi)ineH  strong,  the  second  much  lousier 

and  stronger  than  third;  dorsal  spines  12  or  13,  the 

soft  rays  12  to  14.  1'o5IADA.si,«,  54;">. 

(/(;.   Anal  tin  long  and  low,  its  rays  III,  10  to  III,  i:{;  dorsal  tin  low,  usually 

not  deeply  eniarginalc;  anal  sjiines  small;  iireojjercle  finely  .serrate 

or  entire;  outerteetli  of  jaws  slightly  enlarged;  gill  rakers  moderate, 

rather  slender. 

*.  Dorsal  spines  12  or  l.t. 

/.  Hcali  M  of  lioily  witliout  series  of  small  accessoiy  scales  at  base; 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  naked  or  simiewliat  scaly;  moutli  small; 
temporal  crest,  which  lises  from  behind  the  eye,  very  low 
and  ii'.cons]ii(Ui)iis,  tlio  ni)i)er  edge  below  base  of  the  high 
siipruoecijiltnl  crest,  which  originates  over  the  pupil. 

OKTHOPIlI.^TIf,  540. 

U.  Si  ales  of  body  each  with  a  cluster  of  small  accessory  scales  at 

base;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  with  series  of  small  scales  on  the 

membranes.  LsAifl-l  i  \   547. 

A*.  Dorsal  ajiines  14;  scales  ^■cry  small;  soft  dorsal  and  anal   naked, 

skull  very  broad   and    iininded,  intirnrbllal  aiia  wider  thtin 

length  of  snout;  iireorbital  viry  narrow;  the  tcnij)oral  crest, 

which  rises  above  the  puiiil,  rather  high,  its  tojt  above  middle 

of  height  of  supraoccipital  crest,  whidi  originates  over  front  of 

l)upil.  Mil  rjiii.KriDorr.s,  548. 

(Id.  Chin  with  pores,  but  wit  lino  cent  ralgrooveat  the  symphysis;  preopenlo  finely  serniti' 

m.  Anterior  profile  concave  above  the  eye;  snout  gibbous;  outer  teeth  in  both 

jaws  enlarged  and  blunt  (appearance  iii  Animtnmvs)  \  gill  rakers  small 

and  slender,  anal  tin  ratlicr  long,  soft  dorsal  and  anal  sealeless. 

Genvathe.mi  s,  549. 
537.  HiEMULON,     Ciivier. 

(liONCOS    ol!    (ilMNTS  ) 

l>iahii»i,'<,  DlCMMAUEST,  Premiere  Decade  liililliiilogii|ue,  34,  1823  (imrrn 

l)iahatiiSA>f  Hofkma.nskiui,  a  genus  of  rodiiyi/ccn,  1810. 
Ihiiniihui.  (JrviEH,   Kegne  Animal,    Kd.  2,  II,  175,  1829  {eUi/aiis,  etc 

t'lajaus^nciunts). 
l,/(inii()»7(;,s'(Si-i'I)l)Kli  MS.)  IMtnam,  UuU,  Mus.Conip.  Zool..  I,  12,  1803  (name  only  ;  jhiva 

lini'Otinn,  (iiv.) :  niune  preociiupied  in  insects,  A  iiiinnostus.  I,iii.\v,  1800. 


Jltti  ilhiratuK) ;  lint 
ristiicteit  later  to 


All  the  Slice ies  of  llretKtilon  are  AnuTican.  All  tlie"s|)ecies  have  niort>  or  less  of  orange 
nil  the  inside  of  thti  m.iuth,  a  trait  of  coloration  not  found  in  I'otiiinlaiiiii.  'I'ho  amount  of 
riiliKss  is  greatest  in  those  species  having  the  I'lrgest  mouth.  The  young  fishes  in  this 
i;mup  ilill'er  ill  proportien  considerably  from  the  adults.  JJesides  the  changes  usual  in 
ntiiei-  lishes,  we  may  observe  that  in  ihviuiihm  the  youi  g  have  tlie  snout  pi'o|>ortion!vtely 
iiiiii'li  shorter,  so  that  t^e  maxillary,  although  also  nii.li  shorter  in  proportion,  extends 
tiirthcr  back  in  coiu)iarison  with  the  eye.  Nearly  all  the  species  liiive,  when  young,  two 
iir  iiiciii'  more  or  less  sharply  defined,  daik,  longitudinal  atrijies  along  I  he  sidi;.  one  or  more 
ailing  the  top  of  the  head,  and  a  darU  sjiot  at  the  base  of  caudal.  Tliese  mar  ings  jiersis 
liiiii;ii'  in  soiiie  species  than  in  others,  hut  traces  of  them  at  least  may  be  Icuind  in  til 
Miuii'.'  if  nearly  all  the  spe<:ies  of  Hivmidon  and  Fomailasi.t.  In  a  few  spech's  tlieso 
iiiiuUings  iiersist  during  life. 


1293         fiullcUn  47y  United  States  National  Museum. 


itiii 


Ho<ly  obhmg,  iiauully  inoru  or  Ions  nloviited;  mouth  wide,  i\w  iiiuxillary 
long  and  curved,  roiudiing  to  Itelow  tlio  oy»;,  its  tij)  oxtondiiig  to  the  posto 
rior  end  of  the  preorbital;  <;liin  with  a  central  groove  behind  the  Hyni- 
physiH;  h>wor  Jaw  inchuh'd;  gill  rakerH  niodcratu;  no  (ccth  on  vonirr  or 
palatines;  toeth  of  the  jaw  uouical,  the  outer  sorieH  stronger,  curved;  lips 
and  inside  of  nu>uth  pcmteriorly  commonly  briglit  red  or  scarlet  in  lift' ; 
preopercle  serrate,  with  no  recurved  hooks  below;  soft  parts  of  the  ver- 
tical fins  completely  covered  with  scales;  scales altont  lateral  line  in  series 
not  parallel  with  lateral  line;  a  marked  angle  formed  at  the  Junction  ol 
the  spinous  and  soft  parts  of  the  dorsiil;  dorsal  spines  12  or  11;  sei^und 
anal  spine  enlarged,  generally  largo  and  longer  tlian  the  third;  caudal 
forked.     ((r///<r,  blood;    ou/lo>',  the  singular  of  oi;/\(i-,  the  gums.) 

a.  ScalcH  below  lutrral  lint)  iiiitoriorly  not  CHpociully  eiiliU'Kt'il. 
b.  SciilrH  nl>ovi<  liitoral  lino  iintoriuiiy  not  iiiiit'li  nnlarK<'<l. 

e.  Maxillary  2\  to  2iJ  in  hoatl,  nolrcacliin);  conlcr  ol'oyo  (in  ailiill). 

(/.  J?ack  and  sidoH  witliout  ycdiow  or  bluo  Hliipcs;  «iach  Hcaiii  aluivo  witli 

anirdian  blacklHli  Hpot,  tlios()rorniin<;  undulaliu;;  liniM  (H|io(Hrari'l\ 

oliHolotu  in  adult,  obscure  ur  wnutin;;  in  youn^) ;  maxillary  '2^  to  'J. 

in  liead. 

c.  .ScalcH  in  a  vertical  row  froni  llrHt  doranl  spine  to  lateral  line,  7  m 

8  (!)  in  oldiipie  sirirM). 

/.   Moiitli  ratber  small,  maxillary  Hcan^ely  rcacbiii;;  to  front  m 

eye;  bark  elevated;  preorbital  very  dre|i,  its  least  breadlli 

gn^tter  than  leu^tli  of  eye  in  adult,  4,',  to  4|{  in  bead   in 

younji;  second  anal  spine  not  reat'bin;;  to  lip  ol'  last  rii\ 

snout  loni;  and  pointed,  -\  to  2j  in  bead. 

;/.  Sides  with  about  Gdark  vertical  bars;  sides  of  head  willi 

blackish  si)ot8  like  those  of  body;  dorsal  spints  noi 

(graduated;    second  anal   spine    when  de|>ressed  imi 

reacliin>;  ti))  of  hist  spiiio.     Head  II;  depth  2V;  scah  s 

75114;    1).  \II,  17;    A.  in,  1).         HKXIASCIATfM.  IOi;j 

(/;/.  Sides  without  dark  bars  ;  he;ul  unspotted  ;  dorsal  Hpiii'^ 

ttraduated;     st^eond    anal    sidne,    when    depressed 

reai^bing  beyond  tip  ol    last  .spine.     Head  '.\\  depMi 

•2",;   1).  XII,  Hi;  A.  111,7;  scales  7  (or  8)  40  to  48  Id. 

Al.iil'M,  ir.i.: 
ff.  Moiitb  rather  lar^e,  maxillary  reacbinji  front  of  jniiiil ;  bin  l^ 
little  elevatoW;  preorbital  rather  narrow  its  least  wiilili 
.■)  in  bead;  second  anal  spine  reacbiii;;-  lip  of  last  r;i\ 
snout  rather lon^iind  ])oinled,2',  in  head;  back  and  siijrs 
with  4  or.'')  black  lon;;iiudinal  streaks,  whi(;h  disappi  n 
only  in  very  old  examj)les.     Dejdb  2'|. 

mAl.'hostomi'.m,  1  fill  I 
ei\  Scales  in  a  vertical  row  from  tirst  dorsal  spiiut  to  the  hiteriil  lim 
■')  or  6. 
h.  Series  of  scales  from  scajuilar  scab*  extending;  liiickwaid  I" 
front  of  soft  dors.'d;    snout   rather  long  and   pninhil 
month  small;  the  maxillary  2^  to  ;j  inbeiul;  jiectoral  Im^ 
■■■"Ki  i  It^u^th  of  head;  black  spots  (m  sides  coah'scini:  in 
continuous  stri'ies.  honaiuknse,  Hh.' 

hh.  Series  of  soiiles  from  seai>ular  scale  not  extendinj;  fail  In  r 
backward  than  the  middle  of  s]>inous  dorial;  simiii 
sborter,  not  vc^y  acute;  mouth  larger,  the  maxill.ir\ 
about  2.5  in  bead;  ]>reTnaxillarv  jirocesses  about  ;i  in 
head  ;  dark  spots  on  scales  not  coaleseeut. 


< 


I 


■,:^"_:r^iari^iA 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1203 


7  <i 


lid  Willi 

IIC.<    ii"l 

is(mI    IHpI 

;    Hrilli  H 

•M.  Ifil'.! 

1  s;)iii'  ~ 

pll'rtSl'il 

t;  ili'|.ll, 

to  4f!   I''. 

'M,  lt')i..:. 

il;  l':i'K 

hI  Willi  Ii 

;ist    ia\ 

ml  ^idi  H 

isaiM"  ■" 

•M,   l«''l 

•nilliin 

wanl  1" 

(xiiiiti  <l 

(iriil  liii- 

•sciiii:  ill 

SE,  ll'l-' 

r  t'iirlli'r 

I;      miHllI 

i;ixilln'\ 

DUt    '■'    i'l 

t.  I)ei>tli  of  l>flil.y  (iboiit  2}  in  longtli;  poctornl  ihiH  hIioH, 

IcHH  tluui  ij  length  of  li«u<l ;  Hnib^H  alxtvii  liilttral  lino 

Hcnrculy  cnlitrgml.     Head  3;  depth  2J  ;  Hoalen  G  fiO- 

14;  1).  XII,  14;  A.  Ill,  7.  I'ikUUA,  1000. 

ti.  Depth  of  body  2}  in  longth;  poctornl  linn  lon^;,  nior» 

than  2  length  of  head;   McaloH  above  lateral   line 

Hoinewhat  eiilar^etl  (in  adult).     Head  :!J| ;  depth  2}; 

HCiiles  5-40-13;  1).  XI  or  XII  10  or  !.''>;  A.  Ill,  7. 

sriJDDKiii,  1007. 
(/(/.  IJank  and  sides  with  distinct  horizontal  yellow  RtrijH'M,  fudin);  but 
not  disappearing  in  s))irit.s;  nobliK^k  spots  anywhero;  vertical  tins 
usually  dusky  yellow  ;  Heales  ofsiiles  slightly  enlarged  ;  maxillary 
2.',  in  hniid,  reni'bin;;  front  of  pupil;  body  not  very  deep;  snout 
short,  not  \  lengl!i  of  head;  second  anal  spinn  when  deproHHe4l 
reaching  tip  of  last  ray,  its  length  abont  \  lieatl. 

OAKIIONAKIUM,  1008. 

C.C..  Maxillary  nearly  or  quite  J  length  of  head,  reaching  center  of  oyo  in 

ndnlt ;  no  black  spots  or  strip<'s  anywhere  in  the  adult  (oxce]>t  under 

angle  of  ])reopercl6). 

;.  Hack  and  sides  with  rows  of  round  silvery  s])ots,  one  on  eat^b  s(^ale, 

tlieso  forming  streaks  wbieh  follow  the  direction  of  the  rows  of 

H(MleM;  ground  (^olor  light  olive  brown  ;  anal  high;  a  black  blotch 

at   bast^  of  caudal;    tins  all   yellow;  body    lather  itlongate;  the 

snout  jiointed;  maxillary  about  2^  in  head;  second  anal  spine  2\ 

in  bead.     Head  3;  depth  2,1;  scales  7-50-14 ;  I).  XII,  10;  .\.  Ill,  8. 

STEIN'DACIlNKlil,  1009. 
')}.  I'.ack  and  sides  with  (Continuous  yellow  stri;ies,  w  liich  are  hori/ontal 
and  do  not  everywhere  follow  the  direction  of  the  rows  of  scales; 
gi'ound  <'olor  Idnish-gray;  back  with  a  weirdetlued  blackish  are;i 
from  tirst  dorsal  sjiine  to  base  of  cautlal.  this  color  covering  must 
of  soft  dorsal  and  middh^  of  caudal  lobes;  body  rather  elongate; 
snout  moderate;  second  an;il  s|>iiu«  2^  in  head.  Head  3;  depth  3; 
scales  7  r>0-17;   1).  XII,  10;   A.  111,8.  MEI.ANUUrM,  l!i71i. 

yf).  Hack  and  sides  of  head  and  body  with  continuous  blue  stripes,  hori- 
zontal, and  not  (ivery  where  following  the  rows  of  scales;  ground 
color  bright  yellow ;  tins  yellow,  ( he  caudal  dusky  at  base ;  snout 
moderate;  teetli  strong,  the  anterior  caninelikc!;  second  anal 
spine  2.J  in  head.  Head  23  ;  depth  2R;  scahts  7-53-14;  I).  XII,  10; 
A.  Ill,  8.  .sciriius,  1071. 

Iih.  Scales  above  lateral  lino  anteriorly  much  larger  than  th(>  other  scales;  sides  of 
head  with  bright  blue  stripes,  which  extend  for  a  short  distance  only  on 
body;  body  without  distinct  markings;  mouth  very  large,  its  clt^l't  more 
Mian  J  heiul  (in  adult);  iirenuixillary  jiroces.ses  2J  in  bead;  ;uilerior  ]>ro- 
tile  somewhat  concave,  the  snout  sharp,  jtrojccting;  anal  ratlit>r  high,  its 
second  si>ine  2J  in  IhmuI.  ri  imikim,  1672. 

Scales  below  lateral  line  anteriorly  mnch  «'nlarged;  head,  l)u<'k,  aiid  siiles  with  con- 
tinuous blight  yellow  strijiea,  those  below  following  tlie  direction  of  the  scales, 
and  therefore  extremely  undulating  for  the  most  part;  body  with  2  longi- 
tudinal black  lines,  tlu;  lower  running  from  snout  to  base  of  ciudal,  ending  in  a 
black  sjiot,  the  ui)pcr  commencing  in  front  of  nostrils  and  separ;iti(l  from  ))re- 
ccdiiig  by  a.  pale  band,  extending  backward  to  jiosterior  end  of  soft  dorsal; 
region  in  front  of  dorsal  with  bhu'k  median  line;  other  short  black  lines  on 
head,  black  spot  iit  angle  of  jireojierchi  purplish-silvery  in  spirits;  liiisysllow; 
Jiosterior  teeth  caiiiiieliki^;  body  rather  deep;  siiinit  short  mouth  not  large, 
the  maxillary  2^  in  head;  anal  high,  its  sei'ond  spine  2  in  Ik     1. 

KLAVlll.INKATUM,  1073. 


ill'  I 


1294         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

1068.  II1:MUL0N  SKXFASCIATIIN,  Ciill. 

(MO.IAHRA  Al.MK.IKRil. 


iil 


r  ■ 


•I  -i 


I  ii 

<:•■■ 


Head  3;  tlt^ith  2r.  D.  XII,  17;  A.  Ill,  9;  t.ciilos*'  6-51-14.  Form  ol 
U.  album.  Body  comparatively  deep,  the  hii(;k  rlevated  and  ct)mpreM8e(l , 
tlio  anterior  profile  stticp  and  nearly  straij^ht  from  tip  of  Huoiit  to  abovf 
eyoj  where  a  slight  angle  m  formed,  thenre  rising  more  steeply  and  form 
ing  a  somewhat  steep  curve  before  tlie  dorsal ;  snout  pointed,  of  moderate 
length,  22  in  head  (in  specimen  H  inches  in  length)  ;  proportionate!) 
longer  in  the  adult.  Mouth  not  very  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  front 
of  eye  in  young  (8  inches),  not  nearly  reaching  eye  in  adult,  its  length  2 
to  2'i  in  head;  lower  jaw  included.  Teeth  rather  slender,  the  antrorsc 
teeth  of  posterior  part  of  lower  jaw  iuconH]iicuou8.  Eye  small  (4^  in  heat! 
in  young  of  8  inches).  Int(a"orl»ital  space  convex,  about  4  in  head;  proor 
bital  deep,  its  least  depth  greater  than  length  of  eye  in  adult,  4^  in  head 
in  young  (8  inches);  i»reopercle  finely  and  rather  sharply  serrate.  Gill 
rakers  small,  about  8-|-12.  Scales  moderate,  those  above  lateral  line  not 
enlarged,  arranged  in  very  obli(|ue  series;  those  below  lateral  line  alMo 
not  enlarged,  their  series  more  nearly  horizontal ;  soft  fins  scaled,  as  usual. 
Dorsal  spines  rather  slender,  the  fourth  highest,  2  in  head;  longest  sott 
rays  3  in  head;  caudal  lobes  8nbe(|ual,  1^  in  head;  longest  anal  rays  higli, 
2^  in  head;  second  anal  spine  longer  and  a  little  stronger  than  third,  its 
tip  when  depressed  about  reaching  middle  of  last  anal  ray,  its  length  L'  ■ 
in  head;  free  margin  of  anal  soumwhat  concave,  the  tips  of  the  iirsi 
rays  when  depressed  reaching  tips  of  last  rays;  ventral  fins  l.V  in  head: 
pectorals  Ij.  Frontal  foramen  a  single  divided  slit  in  front  of  the  hi^li 
supraoccipital  crest  as  in  other  species  of  the  subgenus  Ilamulon.  Coldr 
pearly  grayish,  with  (5  or  7  sharply  detined  dusky  cross-bands  from  back 
to  lower  part  of  sides,  fading  below,  these  of  nearly  equal  width,  and, 
excei)t  the  sixth  and  seventh,  of  about  e<|ual  distinctness,  and  extend 
slightly  backward  below ;  they  are  rather  wider  than  eye  and  about  ecfiiiil 
to  tlie  paler  interspaces;  the  first  is  at  the  nape,  extending  to  base  of  pe. 
toral;  the  second  under  front  of  spinous  dorsal;  the  third  near  middl. 
of  8i)inous  dorsal;  the  fourth  under  last  sjtines;  the  fifth  and  sixth  undt  i 
soft  dorsal ;  the  seventh,  when  evident,  on  caudal  j)eduncle;  cheeks,  op<r- 
cles,  and  anterior  part  of  sides  with  distinct  roundish  spots  of  brownisli- 
blatk,  these  largest  and  best  defined  on  the  operde;  tins  nearly  plifin 
dusky  grayish.  Here  de^riibed  from  No.  30997,  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.,  fnim 
Colima,  8  inches  in  length.  J'acific  coast  of  tropical  America,  Guaynias 
to  Panama;  not  very  abundant,  but  widely  distributed.  This  sjjecies  i 
the  Pacific  coast  reiircsentative  of  If.  alltuiu,  from  which  it  differs  stril 
iiigly  in  its  coloration,     it  reaches  a  similar  very  large  size,  specimen 


*Iu  tliis  <i»!ii'i8  tlio  Hcides  aliove  tlu'  latiTal  liiiis  an;  ('ounted  vertically  from  tho  first  <lnr 
Hal  Bpiiif  totlit;  lateral  liiif>;  those  belowthe  lateral  line  t'roin  tlie  first  anal  spine  obliciinl) 
upward  and  forward  lo  the  lateral  line.  The  Hcales  in  ,1  louy;itudinal  series  are,  as  hen 
aiven,  the  nund>er  of  vertical  rows  alxtve  the  lateral  line  froni  heail  to  base  of  caiiil:il. 
Tins  number  is  i>raeti(tiill.v  the  same  In  all  species  of  the  <;tMUis,  tlie  wiriatious  above  nr 
belo«  .">(!  beinn  sliffht.  The  number  ol  ol«li<|ue  series  of  scales  or  of  jiores  in  the  lateral 
line  is  m  all  cases  about  10  lower,  or  uboul  4U. 


■  as 

%     drpresso 

Vrlld'iilH 
MIIII'DIIS  ( 

rill;;'!)  liii. 

f     low  and 

Colnr  in 

what  oli 

s|i(dH  at 

pi  it  ()('  si 

(d'  snout 
iiiorc  (list 
dusky;  Ik 
■ipids  Huia 
III'  hack  a 

rOMhU  ed. 


Jordan  and  pA'cnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1295 


1  liiidi  1 

-'fl 

s,  ov  r- 

wk 

wiuhIi- 

Wk 

^  plifiii 

■«» 

.,  from 

iayiii:i> 

5cies  1 

s  stri' 

ciiiieii 

irsl  cl>'i 

bliiliic  l\ 

■■> 

as  111  1' 

,  > 

cauil.tl. 

illlOVl    I'l 

-1. 

1  latcial 

)!'  over  2  feot  iii  length  having  been  obtained  at  Ma/atlan  by  Gilbert  and 
l,y  Jordan.     («<-jr,  six;  Jaaciatiia,  banded.) 

Ilivimdou  »ex/(t!<ciatti$,  Olix,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  IMiila.  1802,  2r.4,  Cape  San  Lucas  (Coll. 

XantuH). 
U.rinuliiii  maitiilotiiui.,  I'KTBUS,  Uorlincr  MoiiatMborichte,  Tdf),  IHfiO,  Mazatlan. 
ILniuilon  »y.r/axci((N(m,  JoitDAN  \-  SWAIN,  /.  c.  2«8,  lhH4;  .IokdaN  \  Fk.slkk,  I.  <■.,  400. 

1U»:|.  II.K.MIIIi<>\    AlilillM,  (Jitvit^i- A   Valfiii'it'iiiM'H. 
(M.VRdATK-FISII;  .lALI.AO;   MaHIIAKKT  (lltlNT.) 

lltad:?;  depth  I'it.  1>.  XII,  !(!;  A. 111,7;  scales  7  or  S- 16  to  48-16.  Body 
(Oiiiparatively  de»'i»,  the  back  more  elevated  and  more  sliarply  coiupreHHed 
iliiiii  in  any  other  of  our  sjtocies,  the  anterior  profile  steep  and  nearly 
strai''lit  from  tip  of  snont  to  above  eye,  wiiere  a  slight  angle  is  formed, 
I  lit'  jirotih!  tlience  rising  more  steeply  and  forming  a  somewhat  stoeji  (;urve 
liol'on'  the  dorsal.  In  most  specimens,  especially  tlie  larger  ones,  the  con- 
(•;i\  itv  above  the  eye  is  well  marked,  not,  however,  in  all.  Snout  long, 
|Hiiiited,  its  length  2^  to  2;:^  in  head  ;  ventral  outline  nearly  straight ;  caudal 
|ir(liiiiclo  rather  long.  Mouth  large,  the  maxillary  extending  to  front  of 
t'\(',  its  hngth2V  to  2;^  in  head,  lower  jaw  inchuled.  Tetfth  not  very  large, 
in  narrow  bands,  the  antrorse  teeth  of  the  posterifu-  part  of  lower  Jaw 
|(  s-^  (Icveloiied  than  in  some  other  species;  eyesmall,  5  to  7  in  head;  inter- 
oiliital  space  8tr<mgly  convex,  its  widtli  ii^  in  head;  preorltital  deep,  its 
li  list  liieadth  H  in  head;  prcopercle  tinely  but  sharply  serrate,  the  teeth 
cDaiHcr  above.  In  most  of  the  specimens  these  serrations  are  ilistiuct,  l)ut 
ill  (iiie,  not  otherwise  peculiar,  they  are  scarcely  distinguishable.  Gill 
nikcis  rather  small,  about  12  below  the  angle.  Scales  moderate,  those 
above  lateral  line  not  enlarged,  arranged  in  very  obli([ue  series;  tliose 
liciiiw  more  nearly  horizont.al;  soft  parts  of  dorsal  and  anal  covered  with 
tiiiii  Iraiislucent  scales.  Dorsal  spines  rather  slender,  the  fourth  highest 
iilioiit  1!'.  in  head  ;  htngest  soft  rays  .^)  in  head;  caudal  lobes  snbe(iual,  1,',  in 
IkmiI;  anal  moderate,  its  longest  rays  1  in  head;  second  anal  spine  stronger 
and  longer  than  third,  3^,  in  head,  reaching  past  base  of  the  last  ray  when 
(Icincssod ;  lirst  soft  rays  when  depressed  not  reaching  tips  of  last  rays; 
vt'iitrais  I'H  in  head;  jiectorals  1^.  Hones  of  head  usually  cavernous; 
iiinroiis  canal  around  jireopercleand  lower  jaw  very  large;  snpraoccipital 
ri.'i.'ic  liiuli,  extending  forward  to  middle  of  ]nipil;  temporal  crests  very 
low  and  thin,  not  extending  forward  ([iiite  to  end  of  snpraoccipital  crest. 
Color  in  life  of  adult  lislies  (li  to  2  feet  in  length)  pearly  white,  some- 
what olivaceous  above,  where  a  few  of  the  scales  have  very  faint  dark 
siK.ls  at  their  bases;  still  fainter  spots  visil)le  along  the  scales  of  lower 
]iartof  sides;  mouth  orange  within;  lips  and  a  faint  blotch  on  each  side 
of  >iiout  light  yellow;  a  dusky  shade  under  edge  of  prcopercle  (much 
iiioic  distinct  in  young);  fins  all  light  olive;  the  soft  dorsal  somewhat 
ilusky ;  head  without  stripes  or  sjjots.  Young  more  distinctly  sjiotted,  the 
spots  small,  round,  blackish,  each  with  a  pearly  edge;  one  under  each  scale 
(if  hack  and  sides  very  distinct  when  the  fish  is  alive,  or  after  its  scales  are 
removed,  but  disappearing  almost  entirely  with  death.     In  life  a  broad, 


•I'!;;!:'. 


mi 


1290  liulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum: 

(lunky,  liiterul  bund  ia  also  tlistinct,  but  all  tracoH  of  iliin  diaappoar  with 
death.  The  ('ubnn  apcciiuous  uro  inon^  dunky  in  color  and  b'SH  diHtiiicti,\ 
8p(»ttod;  tho  coloratiou  above  rather  brasHy  than  pearly.  West  Indies: 
Florida  KeyH  to  Rra/il;  reaclieHalen^thof  2  fecit  or  more,  and  is  an  impor- 
tant lood-liHh  at  Key  Woat,  Havana,  NaHHau,  Ht.  Thomas,  and  Jamaifii 
(albiiH,  white.) 

7V((!.    maiinii  jlhhnsa  (MiifKnto-fish),  Catksiiv,  fiat.  Ilisf.  Car.,  2,  pi.  2,  1742,  Bahamas. 
J'eri-ati'l'l>"i>a,  Wai.haum,  Artrtli  I'ihc,  ;iJ8,  1702;  iil'tor  CatksiiY;  nol  I'erea  iiibhiinii,  I. in 

N.K.t'H,  which  is  KiiiKiiiiiitia  ijiblioitus. 
i'alUiiilim  ijihltiisim,  IJi.ock  A.  .Si'iinkiiiku,  Syst.  Irlilli.,  312,  1801 ;  iil'tcr  C'ATRHnv. 
HuimiihiH  iilbiim,  Cuviek  X  Vai.eni-ik.vnkh,  Hist.  Nat.  Toiua.,  v,  241,  183(>,  St.  Thomas; 

Jordan  .V  Kesi.kh,  /.  c,  409,  18Ii;t. 
llii-mulon  iiiifrniilitlKilininii,  (Ji'NiiiKii,  C'nt.,  I,  3(iO,  IS,""!!!,  America. 
IJcemuionijibboiuin,  Joiiuam  it  .Swain,  I.  c,  2i>(),  1884. 

in04.  IIIIMUI.ON  MAntOSTOMIM,  Oiintlicr. 

({lUAY  (iUUNI';    SlItll'Kli  (iIU'NT.) 

Head  2! ;  depth  2'}.  D.  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  S;  Hcalos  7-51-13  (9  above  in  an 
ol)li(|iie  series).  Hody  oldonfjj,  moderately  comprttHsed,  the  anterior  prolilc 
almost  straight;  snout  rather  lonj;  .iiid  jtointed,  its  h'njj;th  liA  in  liead  ;  oyc 
lar<.{i>,  I5|  in  head;  niotitli  rather lar<;e,  tlunnaxiUary  reaching  Irontofpnpil 
21  in  head;  least  width  of  ]>roorbital  aliont  f*  in  head.  Teeth  moderate, 
the  outer  row  in  the  n|»per  .jaw  and  the  posterior  teeth  in  both  jaws  e<ii 
siderably  enlarj;ed.  Treopercle  moderately  serrate,  (iill  rakers  small. 
Si-ales  moderate,  tho.se  above  lateral  line  not  enlarj^ed;  those  below  verv 
sli<;htly  enlarged;  scales  above  arranged  in  very  obli((ue  series,  the  serii  s 
below  (d»liqne  anteriorly,  becoming  horizontal  posteriorly.  Dorsal  spinis 
strong,  the  longest  2 j  in  head;  soft  dorsal  rather  high;  caudal  lobes  snlt- 
e(inal,  lij  in  head;  anal  spines  strong,  the  second  longest  and  strongest,  L'i 
in  head,  itstij)  reaching,  when  depressed,  beyond  tip  of  last  ray;  soft  ana! 
very  high,  its  free  margin  concave,  its  longest  ray  2jJ  in  head,  reaehiiiif 
mnch  beyond  tip  of  last  ray;  pectorals  V-,  in  head;  ventrals  V^.  Color 
in  spirits,  pearly  gr.ay,  with  conspicuous  narrow  dark  streaks,  arrangi d 
essentially  as  in  the  young  of  all  tho  other  species  of  Ilamithm,  but  in 
this  species  persistent  through  life;  a  median  streak  from  tip  of  .snout  to 
dorsal,  1  from  snout  altovo  eye,  along  sides  of  back  to  last  ray  of  soft 
dorsal,  2  below  this  from  eye  above  to  last  ray  of  soft  dorsal,  tho  upjuT 
one  more  or  less  interrupted  behind;  a  fourth  streak  from  eye  nearly 
straight  to  base  of  caudal;  traces  below  this  of  a  lifth  streak;  a  short 
streak  fom  eye  to  gill  opening,  between  the  third  and  fourth  streaks;  tlii 
is  continued  on  the  body  in  a  series  of  irregular  marks  .and  dots;  alarj^c 
black  blotch  on  operdo  under  angle  of  preopcrcle;  tins  all  dusty  olive,  tin 
pectorals  palest;  ventrals  darkest.  *  Here  described  from  No.  2(i5r>,^),  l'.  s. 
N.  M.,  froui  Key  West.  West  Indies,  north  to  Florida  Keys  and  Clearwat(  r 
Harbor.     Not  very  common,     (//rrw/jos,  long;  (}r6jita,month.) 


*  Wo  liuvo  oxjiiiiinctl  HiiiciiiiciiH  of  thi.s  sppcics  from  (Uoiirwator  Harbor,  Key  AVt  .1 
Jnniaira,  aiul  St.  'I'lionias.  'I'hc  large  speiinu'ii  from  St.  Tiioiiiiis,  a  foot  in  loiigth,  is  \ur 
IV^ctly  iiiiicotor,  only  .scniio  <if  (hf  iipjicr  .scah's  liaviii;.;  (larkiT  ci^nlcri.  After  rarofiil  i  'n 
Ridorutioii  we  haveilecidt'il  that  //.  iiiacrostoininii.  Giiiither,  and  ll./nnivhtindum,  ViumU-  \ 
Moan,  muHt  he  identical,  altlioiijili  there  uro  one  or  two  8lit;lit  discrepaucies  in  Giintlii  i  - 
deauriptiuu. 


lordau  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     121)7 


llitmvlon  maeroiitoinn,  riilNTiiBit,  Cat.,  i,  30H,  IRSI),  Jamaica  (Coll.  Dr.  ritriiell);  Jordan 


.V  S\v 


AIN,  /. 


'28!t;  JoUliA.V  .V    Fk.hI.KK,  I.  <•.,  470. 


Il,r,ii>ilim  /n'i>i'>'ii»<l<i»>'  <i"<>iiK  \    Iti-.AN,  I'roc.  U."S.  Nal.  Miin.  IH7I),  ;i4(»,  Clearwater 
Harbor,  Florida   (T.vim',    No.  2;i0-'8,  U.S.N.M.     Coll.  l»r.  .1.  W.  Vi'lio) ;    .Iouda.n   &. 

SWAIN,  1.  C:  'JOT. 

Itliiiiiisis /ri'iiiflnindtix,  .Iorhan  Si  (in.iii''.UT,  Syiic>|mlH,  ,'i.'i:i. 

llUI.'t.  llllMli'LON    li<>\AUIK>'SK,  Ciivii<r  \  ViileiicioiiiinA. 

(lil.APK    (tllllNI';    lloNCu    I'UIETit.) 

IIiikIL'!;  dtptliL'S;  Hciilos  .f)-ll-l().  I). XII, Hi;  A. Ill, 8.  IWidy  ohionj,', 
((.iiipro.sHiMl,  tlu)  l>;u'k  coiiHidoriiljly  oUiviitoii ;  lii'jul  riiMu-r  lony;  the  snout 
itDiiittMl,  laMuu'  longer  aiwl  Hharpn*  Mian  in  ll.parrit,  ili«  antorior  prolilo 
stniiiilit.  or  a  vory  little  ('on<'avn  licforc  the  cyeK,  Snout  2ii  in  hea<l  (in 
voiMii;  of!)  iucLoH).  Mouth  ratlior  small,  HniaUor  than  in  II.  parra,  tho 
iiiMvilliiry  barely  reanhinj;  front  ol'  eye,  its  l«Mi;fth  I{  in  heiid.  Teeth  of 
iiioil(>iato  size,  the  outer  and  |)o,sterior  souiowhat  enlarjje*!.  Kye  niodenito, 
I  III  he:i(l;  interorhital  space  llattish,  its  width  Ij  in  head;  preorhital 
niDilcriite,  its  least  width 41  in  head;  jueoporch' moderately Hcrrate.  Uill 
Hikers  lew  and  small,  ahont  12  on  lower  i)art  of  arch.  Scales  larger  than 
ill  //,  jiiirro  or  any  other  of  the  species;  those  above  and  below  lateral 
line  iilioiit  ('(|iial  in  si/c;  tiioso  above  arran^^ed  in  scries  which  are  less 
olili<|iie  and  moni  iindul;itin<;  than  in  related  spoeieH,  the  s(u-ieH  from  the 
Hr;i|iiilar  Hcah^  followin<r  the  direction  of  the  latiMal  line  for  about  II) 
simIch,  then  timiin^  abruptly  iea(^hin};  Uie  base  of  the,  last  dorsal  spine, 
111'  soiimtinics  the  anteri«u'  part  of  soft  dorsal;  soft  tins  scaly,  as  usual. 
I»(iis;il  spines  of  niodc^rate  strenfjith,  the  fourth  2'!  in  head;  long«^8r  ray 
(if  suit  dorsal  I  in  head;  caudal  l:i  in  head;  anal  hij^h,  the  second  si)ine 
iiiid  the  lousiest  rays  extendinji^,  when  depressed,  well  beyond  tip  of  last 
ray:  lon;;est  soft  ray  2 'J  in  head;  second  spine  lonj^er  and  stronger  than 
third,  2jt  in  head;  pectorals  Ion jj;,  1^  in  head  ;  ventrals  l.^.  Color  in  spirits, 
|i('iiily  gray ;  center  of  each  scale  brownish-black,  these  coalescing  and 
fdniiing  very  sharply  delined  coutinuous  undulating  stripes;  about  Ifi  of 
tiiesc  between  fnmt  of  dorsal  and  front  of  anal;  the  si.xth  extending  from 
the  si'apular  scale  to  last  dorsal  spine;  base  of  (saudal  blackish;  tins 
dusky.  West  Indies,  south  to  Hucnos  Ayres;  not  very  common,  {hona- 
ni».s(!,  from  Buenos  Ay  res.) 

Ihrniiilon  IxmarifHse,  (.'UVIKB  &  Vai.knciennks,  Ili.st.   Nat.  PoiBs.,V,  254,  1830,  Buenos 

Ayres. 
11,1 1,1  iilon  eanua.Cvvw.R  &  Valenoiknnks.  Hist.  N.it.  Poiss.,  V,  233,  1830,    Martinique; 

i;i  NTiiKii,  Cat.,  I,  311,  1859;  roEV,  Keiiorfor'  i,  I,  301),  1HC7;  not  of  .Viia.ssi/,  1H2!>. 
Ihviniitiin  nolalniit,  I'oEV,  MuniuriiiH,  u,  171),  18u8,  Cuba;  I'oEY,  Synopsis,  317;  I'oEY,  Eiiu- 

iiioiiitlo,  46. 
Uifiiiiilim  rctrcciirrfiis,  I'oEV,  Uopcrtorio,  il,  230,401, 1.SC8,  Cuba. 
Ilifiinilon  i-imtiniiiim,  I'oey.  Kiiuineratio,  40, 187,"),  Cuba. 
Ihimitbiiijiarric, ,](nii}AS  \-.  Swain,  i.e.,  292, 1884. 

IftGO.  II.KMlliOX  IMKIIA  (Dosniarost). 

(SAII.OIt'S  ClIOICK;   RON(H)   MlA-NCO;    ItONt'O   PUIKTO;    liA.srAUl)   MaUOAUET.) 

lle.'id  ;i;  depth  '2'i;  eye  large,    1   iu  head.     D.  XII,  17;  A.  111,7;  scales 
."i-.>0-l  I.    liody  comparatively  deep,  the  back  compressed  and  arched ;  ante- 


1298         DuUetin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


m^' 


lilt  I- ; 


riur  protUu  riitlior  Mt<>op  uiul  oonvrx,  Hteop  and  nearly  Htrai^ht  from  ti)»  oi 
Hnoiit  t«»  oppoHiti>  front  of  uye;  liere  an  obtnHO  an^li^  ih  forineil,  anil  to  tin 
basu  of  (lorHal  there  \w  a  ratlior  oven  rnrvo.     In  other  HpocinieiiN  there  is 
little  or  no  proniinencr  before  eye.     Snout  roniptirutivt^ly  iii^h  an<l  obtUNr. 
its  length  in  MpeoinieuH  of  nuxlerate  Ni/e  .'(  in  head ;  Hnont. shorter  in  yonn.. 
HpeciinenH  than  in  the  adnlt,  the  niaxillary  in  tlie  young  cvtendin^  fartlxv 
back  althouj{h  proportioiuitely  Hhnrter;  niontii  rather  Hunill  for  the^enn>- 
the  maxillary  usnitlly  rxtendinj^  a  littlo  beyond  vertical  from  front  of  eyr 
in  youn^r  nearly  t(»  middle  of  eye,  itH  len<;th  '1']  in  hrad;  maxillary  in  aduli 
barely  reaehin^  front  of  eye;  jawH  Hul)e<|ual,  tin-  lowor  Hli|;htly  in<dude<l 
Teeth  rather  stronjr.  in  moderate  bandn,  the  outer  lar^e,  the  untrormf  teeth 
of  the  [xiHterior  part  of  lower  Jaw    well  developetl.     Interorbital  H|»a(  > 
convex,  itH  width  IH»  head;  preorbital  rather  deep,  itH  leaMt  breadth  Ti 
in  bead;  preoperele  liiiely,  but  Hharjdy  serrate,  the  teeth  near  the  an^^ii 
farther  a|)art  than  the  othern  but  nearcely  lari;er.     In  ro^^ard  to  the  Herrii 
tion  of  the  preoperele  we  tind  much  variation  amon<r  our  H])ecimenH,  some  oi 
those  from  Cuba,  lorrenpouding  more  or  lesn  perfectly  to  //.  nerralt(m,  Toev, 
have  the  preoperele  alwayH  Htrongly  nerrate,  while  othern,  (;ertainly  eoi 
responding  to  If,  aviiliim,  I'oey,  have  the  HorratiouH  very   in(;oUNpi(MiouM 
The  Key  Went  Hpecimens  are  in  thi8r«'spect  mostly  intermediate,  and  non> 
of  them  hIiow  any  other  distinctive  character  correlated  with  the  diller 
enees  in  the  preoperele.     (iill  r.-ikers  Hmall,  about  l.'>on  lower  partof  areli. 
Scales  rather  large,  those  above  lateral   line  not  especially  enlar;;ed,  in 
ranged  in  very  oblique  Hcries;  those  below  nmre  nearly  horizontal ;  soli 
tins  well  scaled;  serii^s  of  scales  from  scapular  scale  reaching'  fourth  to 
sixth  dorsal  spine.     Dorsal  S])ine8  stout,  the  fourth  highest,  2!   in  heiid; 
longest  soft  rays  3'f  in  head;  upper  caudal  lobe  rather  longer,  1^  in  head: 
longest  anal  rays  2^  in  hea<l,  reaching  when  dtipressed  beyond  the  tips  ol 
the  last  rays;  second  anal  s|)ine  stronger  and  longer  tiian  third,  2;;^   in 
head,  reaching  when  depressed  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  last  ray;  ventrals 
l;i  in  head;  pectorals  short,  1^.     Color  in  life,  dull  pearly-grayish;  belly 
plain  grayish,  each  scale  on  body  abov<(  with  a  conspicMious  spot  of  dull 
olive-brown,  these  forming  interrupted,  oblique,  and  wavy  streaks;  heuij 
not8])otted;  mouth  not  much  red,  usually  faintly  orange  near  the  angle 
in  young  specimens,  a  black  sj)ot  on  opercle  under  angle  of  preoper<'le; 
iris  gilt;  tins  all  dull,  blackish-gray,  the  ventrals  more  or  less  tipped  witli 
blackish.      Ytmngcr  specimens  have  dark  lateral  stripes  arianged  pre- 
cisely as  in  //.  macrontomi(m  and  //.  rimator,  and  also  u  d.irk  Itloteh  at  base 
of  caudal.     In  the  very  young  the  spots  on  the  scales  are  indistinct.    Cuban 
specimens  are  mostly  more  dusky  in  color,  the  vertical  tins  mostly  black, 
an<l  the  spots  on  the  scales  larger  and  almost  black.     In  some  these  spol^ 
coalesce  into  stripes,  but  more  usually  they  remain  distinct.     Other  Cubiiii 
specimens  (nlhidiim)  are  very  [)ale,  the  dark  spots  light  brown,  and  sj»eci- 
meiis  of  every  intermediate  shade  are  in  the  collection.     There  are  never 
any  shades  of  blue  or  yellow  on  body  or  tins.     Here  described  from  Key 
West  spocinu'us  lOi  inches  in  length.     West  Indies;  southern  Florida  tn 
Brazil;  very  common  at  Key  West  and  Havana.     (Named  for  Dim  Antonio 
Parra,  who  first  wrote,  in  1780,  on  the  natural  history  of  Cuba.) 


■:':':; -.pi.. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  .  Iniftira.      ILMH) 


IHahasii  parra,  Dkhmahkst,  rroni.  IKcHdii  Ichtli.,  :iO,  i>l.  2,  tlu.  2,  \«'S.\,  Havana. 

IlivmuUin  iaudiiiiaculn.  (.'rviKli,    Mvnun  Auiiiml,   Kil.  J,  ii,  17(1,    1820,  Brazil ;   Havana; 

oil    I'rihiiro,  Mahiiihavk,  iumI   DiaUate  de  I'arra,    Ukm.makkht;  ('uvikii  \   Xalknti. 

I  NNKs   IliHt,  Niif.  I'oImm.,  V,  TM.  Ih:iii;  <i('NTiii;u,  Cut.,  i,;ii;i;  I'OKY,  Ui'pcrtoiio,  I,  ;ilo, 

|Htl7;  .lollDAN  >V    ( ill.HKKT,  illlU.  U.  S.  FiMll  C'oMllll.   IHMl,  :i22   (I e<l(>HiTi|il ion  lit' iiriuinill 
I.V|M). 

Iliriinilun  ehromU,  IIuditshonkt,  M8.,  in  ("m  IKK  &  V  ai.kn<iennbs,  IliHt.  Nut.  I'liiM.,  v,  '-M2, 

IH.io,  Jamaica;  (il'NTllKH,  Cut.,  1,310. 
Ilifiiiiiloii  uriitinn,  I'nK.v,  M«iiiiorliiH,  II,  180,  IHtio,  Cuba:    Iokh.vn  .V  SwAi>f,  I.e., 'Mi. 
ll,rmiilon»eniltuiii,  I'nKY,  McnidriiiH,  ll,  IM.  I8tl0,  Cuba. 

Il.i'iiiiiliin  alhiiliiiii.  I'oKV,  Mi'i Ihh,  ii.  IHl,  IHflO,  Cubii. 

Ilii-miiloiieunna,  A<iahmi/„  Spix,  I'Ihc.  UriiHil.,  i:iii.  |il.  til»,  IH'JU;  nut  of  Ct'ViKU  &  Vai.RN* 

riKNNKS. 

l)i„hiisisi'lii-oiiii».  .loHiiAN  \  (ill.nnitr,  SynopHiH,  024. 
U.riiiiihii  y'(()rf(,.f<>KI)A.N  A    KESI.KU.  /..'.,  471. 

imi.  ii.K.MrMtN  Mn  iHiKKi,^  (;iii. 

(M(I.IAI<liA    I'HIKTA.) 

Hi'iul  lii;  (iopth  '2L  D.XI,  l(i  (woiiu'tinieH  XII,  15);  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  HJ- 
l:t-i;i;  »\vo  laif?*'.  •  i"  htrnd.  Hotly  Hliort  and  <lL>op,(le(>])er than  in  //.  purra, 
ihr  liiuk  compicsHed  and  arclied;  anterior  inolilo  very  wtcrp  and  nearly 
Htiiii^'lit  from  th»!i  tip  of  tbo  snont  to  the  napu,  thtu  (^soniy  (Convex;  snout 
lii^v  and  .Mhort  but  not  obtUHO,  itu  lt!n<>'th  in  Hpeciiiiriis  of  niodorato  si/o,  3 
ill  lifiid:  mouth  coniparativoly  Hinall,  the  inaxiliiiry  oKtciidinfr  in  adult 
li.inly  to  front  of  pujjil,  its  b'ligtb  2k  in  boad ;  lo\v«ir  j.iw  sligbtly  incliubMl. 
Tccili  moderiitc,  tbe  i»OHterior  t<'«'tb  of  lower  Jaw  larH:«st.  Intt^rorbital 
s|i;i(t^  convex,  its  widtb  Hji  in  bead;  preorbital  ratbt-r  deej),  its  least 
imiiiltb  .^>  in  bead;  proopercle  rather  stronj^ly  Herrato;  tbe  teetb  near  tbe 
,iii;,'lt'  larj;er  and  farther  ai»art  than  tbe  others.  (Jill  rakers  rather  small, 
iiliipiit  7  4-1-*  Scales  rather  larjje;  those  above  lateral  line  somewhat 
(iilariicd,  notably  larger  than  those  below,  and  arrangi'd  in  very  <>blii|Uo 
.series;  series  of  scales  from  seai)ular  scale  reaching  fifth  dorsal  spine; 
sdfl  lins  well  sc-iled.  Dorsal  spines  stout,  tbo  foiMth  highest,  2  in  bead; 
Idiiiicst  soft  rays  '^}^  in  head ;  njiper  caudal  lobe  Ii, ;  longest  anal  rays  2.}  in 
liciiil,  reaching,  when  depressed,  beyond  tbe  tip  of  tbe  last  rays,  th(>  free 
margin  of  the  lin  straight;  second  anal  spine  longer  and  stronger  than 
tliiid,  2|'i,  in  bead,  reaching,  when  depressed,  nearly  to  the  tip  of  tbe  last 
rii\  ;  ventrais  \h  in  bead;  pectorals  long,  1,',,  in  bead.  Cidoration  i>re- 
(i.scly  as  in  Ila-mulou  parra  and  undergoing  tbe  same  changes  with  age. 
Ailiilt,  in  spirits,  dull  pearly  grayish,  light  or  dark,  with  a  roundish  dusky 
l)l()l<li  at  base  of  each  scale  of  back  and  sides,  these  not  coalesccnt,  but 
loniiiiig  dark  interrui)ted  lines  in  the  direction  of  the  rows  of  scales; 
head  unspotted,  a  black  blotch  under  angle  of  jireopercle;  (ins  dusky 
jfiayisli,  tbe  pectorals  palest.  In  life,  adult  with  the  back  bright  yellow- 
olive  to  opposite  front  of  dorsal,  the  posterior  half  of  body  more  or  less 


I'lii.s  species  is  tlio  Pacific  reproseiitutivo  of  ncBmidon  parra.  It  reaches  .a  similar 
^i/.i>.  is  ei|ually  aliiindant.  and  passes  tliroii^li  a  ^<ilnilat'  raii<;e  of  variations  and  coloration, 
rill' iiiM.iority  of  the  sjieeiiiiens  known  from  Ma/.atlan  and  Panama  have  11  dorsal  spines 
;iiid  ( (Mies|)ond  to  Ilcoiiitloii  tDiilec.imale  of  Sleindaciliner.  Still  olliers  of  tbeni  have,  how- 
I'vcr,  IJ  dorsal  spines,  as  in  the  oi'i^inal  types  of  Jl.  .scudiii'ri  and  Il.hrevirottrutii.  We 
;ire  iiM.ilile  to  detect  any  other  differences  of  niiportance  anion;;  these  specimens,  and  refivr 
;ill  til  ll.geiitlderi,  regarding  itas  a  sjieries  with  the  uunilier  of  spines  iuditlerenily  11  or 
IJ.    No  other  species  of  H(einiilon  ever  has  fewer  si»iiies  thau  12. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


t 


1.0 


1.1 


■u  l&i   12.2 
£   U£   12.0 


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I 


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m 


1300         Bulletin  47,  Untied  States  National  Museiim, 

abruptly  Bteel-hino  black ;  vertical  fins  all  blackish ;  in  some  tbe  wliole 
body  is  greenish,  in  others  only  the  anterior  hiilf;  l<>wer  parts  all  Jiray; 
most  of  those  large  ones  show  no  traces  of  spots  on  scales;  some  show  a 
few  spots;  fins  silvery,  with  gold  above  and  below;  mouth  red  within. 
There  is  very  great  variation  among  individuals  as  in  Umnul-m  })arra, 
some  having  small,  sharply  defined  spots,  some  large  spots,  and  oihors  of 
the  same  size  none  at  all.  Length  I  foot  or  less.  Pacific  eoast  of  tropical 
America,  fJuaymas  to  Panama;  everywhere  comnum,  especially  abont 
rocks.  Hero  described  from  No.  2!)2S2,  U.S.N.M.,  from  Panama.  (Named 
t\}r  Sanirul  II.  Scndder,  the  wtill-known  entomologist,  who  made  a 
very  carefnl  study  of  these  fishes  while  a  student  under  Professor 
Agassiz.) 

Jftnitiiilon  sevihJeri,  GiLl-,  Proc.  Ac.  N.at.  Sci.  Phila.  1802,  2.'>3,  Cape  San  Lucas  ((;(>11 , 

XiUituH);  SiKiNDAciiNER,  Ichth.  Hoitr.,  ni,  18,  1875. 
Iffrnuilonbreviroxtnim,  GOntiiek,  FiH'ics  C^eiitr.  Amor.,  418,  1869,  Panama. 
Ihnnuliinvndenumlf,  Steindaohneu,  Ichtli.  JJoitr.,  ui,  11,  187"),  Acapulco;  Panaira. 
niahasisxiiiihlrrl.  .ToiiDAN  &  (^.iLnKHT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miih.  1882,  3fil,  C20. 
llwmvUtn  ficiidileii.  iIokdan  &.  Swain,  I.  e.,  2PC;  Johdan  *  Feslek,  I.  c,  472. 

ions.  II  KMUiiON  CAKnONAKIlN,  ]>noy. 

(RoNCO  (,'AKIIONEKO.) 

Head  3;  depth  2;^;  eye  large,  3J  in  head.  I).  XII,  Ifi;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales 
7-55-11.  Body  oblong;  the  back  not  greatly  elevated,  the  profile  nearly 
straight  or  slightly  <'onvex  from  tip  of  snout  to  above  eye,  thence  gibbous 
to  front  of  dorsal;  snout  short,  moderately  pointed,  its  length  '^l  in  head ; 
mouth  not  very  large;  the  gape  somewhat  curved;  the  maxillary  exten<l- 
ing  nearly  or  ((uite  to  front  of  pupil,  its  length  2|  in  head;  lower  Jaw 
rather  included.  Teeth  stiong,  much  as  in  II.  aciuriis,  but  a  little  shorter. 
Interorbital  space  ilattish,  4  in  head ;  preorbital  moderate,  its  least  breadth 
()  in  bead;  ])rcorbital  finely  but  rather  sharply  serrate;  gill  rakers  small, 
9-f  11.  Scales  nioderate,  those  below  lateral  line  anteriorly  moderately 
enlarged,  their  series  nearly  horizontal;  series  above  lateral  line  very 
obli()uo.  Dorsal  spines  slender  and  high,  tho  fourth  1^  in  head;  longest 
soft  rays  3i ;  upper  caudal  lob(!  a  little  longer  than  lower,  1;!  in  head ;  long- 
est anal  rays  21  in  head,  th&ir  tips  when  depressed  i;eaching  beyond  tip 
of  last  ray;  second  anal  spine  strong,  2  in  head,  its  tip  reaching  when 
depressed  about  to  tip  of  last  soft  ray;  ventrals  li  in  head;  pectorals  If. 
Color  in  life,  light  bluish-gray,  much  as  in  //.  jilumteri;  body  with  7  or  8 
deep  brassy-yellow  stripes  which  are  horizontal  above,  those  below  the 
lateral  line  a  little  curved,  following  the  rows  of  scales;  stripes  narrower 
than  interspaces  of  ground  color;  3  stripes  above  b'teral  line,  3  or  4  below, 
the  latter  paler;  little  black  under  angle  of  prcopercle;  caudal  blackish- 
yellowish  at  tip;  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  ventrals  yellowish- gray,  the  distal 
portion  blackish;  spinous  dorsal  bluish,  deep  yellow  at  base  and  edge:  a 
yellowish  stripe  ."xlong  middle  of  fin ;  pectoral  plain,  a  yellowish  bar  across 
its  base;  mouth  deep  red,  its  angle  dusky.  In  spirits,  grayish,  more  or 
less  shaded  with  dusky,  the  stripes  rather  faint  orange-brown.  A  few 
specimens  of  this  species  that  we  have  examined  have  the  ground  color 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1301 

iiiMch  palor,  till)  yellow  btiipes  lighter,  nnd  the  tinH  all  bri^lit  yellow  with- 
out (Insky  Hhiides.  They  probably  represent  a  Vc^riatioii  duo  to  the  char- 
iictcr  of  fjhe  itottoui,  and  iire  !ip]tiirently  analogous  to  the  t'orni  of  //.  svin- 
riin,  \vhich  has  been  called  //.  mulfilinetitum.  I.eiigtii  about  10  iacliea. 
Hero  described  from  Ilavana  Hpeciiuens,  !>  inchcH  in  lougtli.  WoHt  Intlius 
aud  the  Hennudas,  south  to  Hra/il;  v«)ry  common  at  Havana,  (varhoiia- 
riiiH,  coaly,  in  allusion  to  the  common  name.) 

Hcnnulon  carbonarinm,  I'oKV,  ^loiiiorias,  ii,  17C,  1«0(),  Cuba;  I'dkv,  SvitupsiH,  ItlH,  186«; 
JoKDAN  &  Swain,  I.  c,,  298;  Jurimn  &  Fehi.ku,  i.e., 471!. 


1060.  IIKMULON  STKIM»A<'il.«KltI  Monlan  &.  Gilbert). 

(RON('AI)OK    liAIAUo.) 

lloadS;  dt'i>th  2;;.  D.  XII,  l»i;  A.III,H;  scaloa  7-.">0-ll  Hody  obl(.ng. 
moderately  compressed,  the  back  stmiowhat  elevated;  the  j)rolile  from  tlic 
Hiiout  to  tho  l»ase  of  the  dorsal  rather  steep  and  straight,  or  siiglitly 
convex;  snout  pointed,  of  moderate  length,  a  little  more  than  ;\  lengtli 
of  head;  ventral  outline  little  curved ;  f;andal  peduncle  nearly  twice  as 
long  as  deep,  'f,  length  of  head;  head  rather  long  and  pointed;  mouMi 
largo,  little  oldique,  the  iiremaxillary  below  lower  border  of  eve;  the 
lower  Jaw  included;  the  maxillary  2  in  head,  reaching  to  op))osito  niid- 
cllo  of  ]»upil,  its  posterior  portion  extending  behind  the  prcorbital 
sheath.  Teeth  stroijg,  in  moderate  bands,  the  outer  series  cn'argcd, 
especially  m  the  upper  jaw  and  on  the  sides  of  Uie  lower  jaw.  Chin  with 
a  large  pit  and  2  i)ore8.  Eye  rather  large,  4  in  head,  shorter  than  snout, 
which  is  more  than  width  of  tho  tiattish  interorbital  space,  about  i 
wider  than  the  moderate  prcorbital;  prcoporcie  sharply  serrate,  its  up- 
right limb  nearly  straight.  Gill  rakers  short  and  weak,  about  15  on  lower 
part  of  arch.  Scales  moderate,  those  above  lateral  line  in  very  obli<]ue 
series,  becoming  horizontal  jn  the  caudal  ])oduncle,  those  below  it  in 
horizontal  series;  vertical  tins  well-scah'd,  the  scaly  sheaths  of  dorsal  and 
anal  well  develojied;  scales  on  breast  small.  Dorsal  iin  rather  higli,  tlie 
spines  strong,  the  fourth  or  longest  2^  in  head,  about  i  longer  than  tho 
soft  rays;  caudal  short,  moderately  forked,  the  upper  lobe  sliglitly 
tlie  longer,  ;■}  head;  second  anal  spine  strong,  2;  in  head;  much  longer 
tliiiii  the  third  spine,  which  is  shorter  tlum  tho  soft  rays;  soft  rays 
of  anal  high,  the  tirst  soft  ray  when  depressed  reaching  almost  to  tip  of 
last  ray  much  beyond  the  base  of  the  last  ray;  ventral  tins  i  length 
of  lu^ad,  not  reaching  tips  of  ]»octorals,  which  are  about  ?  longtii  of 
licad.  Color  in  life,  olivo  or  golden-brown,  gohleu  below,  the  edges 
of  the  scales  of  back  with  brilliant  bluish  luster;  ea'h  scale  on  baik 
and  sides  Avith  a  median  pearly-bluish  spot  (much  larger  than  the  spots 
in  Lythruloii  flavin nttatum),  these  forming  very  distinct  stre.'il.s,  having 
the  direction  of  the  rows  of  scales;  head  brownish,  unspotted;  a  largo, 
distinct,  round  blackish  blotch  on  end  of  caudal  peduncle  and  base  of 
caudal  fin,  more  distinct  than  in  other  species  known  to  us;  a  distinct 
Iduish-black  vertical  bar  on  lower  anteiior  i)art  of  opercle,  partly  concealed 
i>y  angle  of  preoi)ercle;  tins  all  bright  golden-yellow;  veutrals  and  anal 


f 


'm^ 


1302         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 

not  'lark;  peritoneum  dnaky.  Here  <lo8cril)ed  from  No.  29;W7,  IT.  S. 
N.  M.  Hoth  coasts  of  tropical  America;  (iiiaymas  to  Pan.tma;  St. 
Lucia  to  Kio  .laneiro;  especially  iibundani;  about  Mazatlan.  A  species 
of  Hmall  size,  ^touerally  common  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America 
and  <m  the  southeast  coast  of  Brazil,  and  a  specimen  before  us  was 
taken  by  the  Albafro.ia  at  St.  Lii<ia.  We  have  examined  numerous 
specimens  from  Mrazil  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zooloj>y  (from  Rio 
.'Mineiro,  Kio  Grande  do  Sul,  Para,  and  Maranbao)  and  others  from  Aeapulco. 
On  comparing  these  wit,!i  Pa<'ilic  coast  examples  we  lind  uo  difference. 
This  is  probably  not  the  original  of  the  poorly  figured  //.  mhranki  of 
Agassiz,  which  on  the  whole  seems  most  likely  to  have  been  a  faded 
example  of  II.  melauunim.  (Named  for  Dr.  Franz  Steindachner,  director 
of  the  museum  at  Vienna,  one  of  the  most  accurate  and  sagacious  of 
ichthyologists.) 

jJiabatis  tU'indachneii,  J ORDAti  &.  (tILHEri-,  Hull.  U.  S.  Fish  ('oiiim.  1881  (1882),  322,  Pnn- 
ama  and  Mazatlan  (Types  Kos. 20305  nnd  20387  (Panama),  iiiicl  28172,  etc.  (Mazat- 
lan).   Coll.  Gilbert.) 

ITannulon  eaudimaciila,  SiEiNDArHNKR,  Irlifh.  lUitriifie,  in,  l.l,  1875;  iio»  of  (;i'viku  \ 
Vai.kncikxnks. 

Iffemiilon  uteindachneri,  JoKDA.v  Ac  Swain,  I.  c.  290, 1884. 

lleeiiiuloi)  schraiiki,  KvruMANN  \-  Jk.nkins,  I'roc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mum.  1801.  1.53;  Johuan  a 
Feisleb,  I.  c,  473, 1893 ;  nut  of  AoAssiz. 


1»;0.  lI.EHULO  MKLANVUUH  (Liiimcim). 
(TENfOl'ANA.; 

Head  3;  depth  3.  D.  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  7-50-15.  Kye  moderate, 
5  in  head ;  interorl)ital  width  4 ;  preorbital  low,  its  least  breadth  7  in  head. 
Gill  rakers  small,  8  +  13.  Hody  comparatively  ehmgate,  the  back  not 
mnch  elevated,  the  profile  slightly  convex  from  tip  of  snout  to  front  of 
eye,  thence  more  convex  to  front  of  dorsal ;  snout  of  moderate  length, 
rather  ]>ointed,  2J  in  head;  mouth  rather  large,  the  gai)e  a  little  curved, 
the  maxillary  reaching  past  front  of  pupil,  its  length  2  in  head;  teeth 
moderate,  those  in  front  somewhat  enlarged;  antrorse  teeth  of  posterior 
part  of  Jaws  not  very  large.  Scales  moderate,  those  aliove  lateral  line  not 
enliirged,  their  arrangement  about  as  in  H.  nciuriis.  Dorsal  spines  rather 
slender,  tho  fourth  2^  in  head;  tipper  caudal  lobe  the  longer,  1^  in  head; 
longest  anal  rays  3  in  head,  their  tips,  when  depressed,  not  extending 
beyond  last  ray;  second  anal  spine  2^^  to  2^  in  head,  reaching,  when 
depressed,  rather  beyond  middle  of  last  ray;  ventrals  If  in  head;  pec- 
torals 1^,  not  reaching  past  ventrals.  Color  in  life,  pearly  gray ;  back  and 
sides  with  about  10  horizontal  stripes  of  golden  yellow,  narrower  than 
the  interspaces  of  the  ground  color;  snout  above  bluish-dusky;  a  dusky 
stripe  through  eye  from  tip  of  snout  to  behind  gill  opening;  a  well-detined 
black  area  on  back  and  caudal  tin,  bounded  below  by  an  almost  straight 
line  from  first  dorsal  s])ibe  to  tip  of  lower  caudal  lobe;  middle  part  of  both 
caudal  lobes  black,  the  edges  gray;  a  black  s])ot  un<ler  angle  of  preo- 
percle;  mouth  within  very  red;  pectorals,  ventrals,  and  anal  gray,  not 
yellow;  soft  dorsal  dusky  tihuig  the  base.    West  Indies;  rather  conimon 


liiLt 


Jordan  and  Evermaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1303 


;tt  Havana  and  Houthwanl.  It  reach<'S  a  length  of  about  a  foot.  Ilert) 
(leserihed  from  Havana  speciuiens.  Others  examined  from  St.  Thomas, 
Nassau,  and  Somhrero  Key.     (//<?'Aa?,  bhu-k;  oi'yjrt,  tail.) 

V,rea  marina  cauila  lAijra  (lUack  tail),  Catesiiv,  Hist.  Car.,  j)!.  7,  flj;.  2,  n4.!,  Bahamas. 
I',rca  melanura,  LiNN^;t'8,  SvHt.  Nail.,  x,  'Jit'J,  17r)8|  xii,  48(1,  17(i'.i,  Bahamas;  bahi'd  on 

CATK8HY. 

IlivmuUni  Dchrauki,  AoABsiz,  Spix,  IMsi-.  Hrasil.,  I'Jl,  pi.  (in,  <82i»,  Brazil. 
Ihi-mulon  domah;  I'oKY,  MeniDrias,  ll,  17ii,  lH(i(l,  Cuba. 

llii'iindim  tnHaniiriiui.  Cope,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Sor.  1H7I,  471 :  .Iohhan  \-   Swain,    .  c,  ;iOO, 
1884;  Jordan  \  Feslek,  I.  c.  473. 

1071.  ll.KMrLO.X  N(  Illtl  S  (SImw). 

(YkLI.OW   (iltUNT;    Uo.NCO   A-MAHU-I-G;    liOAK  (iUINT.) 

Head  2};  depth  2?.  D.  XII,  16;  A.  111,8;  scales 7-153-11.  Eye  moderate, 
I  in  heiid;  intcrorbital  space  convex,  3i;  in  head;  pieorbital  moderate,  its 
li-ast  breadth  ()3  inhcad;  preopcrcle  finely  serrate ;  gill  rakers  small,  about 
lli-j-lT.  Body  obloug;  the  back  not  .specially  elevated;  the  prolile  nearly 
straight  or  slightly  concave  from  tii>  of  snout  to  before  eye,  thence  a  little 
uilibous  tw  base  of  d.)rHal;  snout  moderately  acute,  2^  in  head.  Mouth 
1  irge,  the  gajjc  curved,  the  nuixillary  reaching  a  little  past  fnmt  of  pupil, 
ifs  length  2  in  head;  lower  .jaw  slightly  included;  teeth  strong;  upper 
j:iw  in  front  with  .about  3  strong  canines  on  each  side,  these  stronger 
ilian  any  of  the  other  teeth;  front  loeth  of  lower  jaw  rather  strong,  as 
also  the  antrorse  teeth  of  the  back  part  of  both  jaws.  Scales  moderat«*, 
liiose  al»ove  lateral  line  not  at  all  enlarged,  arranged  in  oblique  series, 
those  below  in  nearly  horizontal  ones.  l)or.sal  spines  rather  slender,  the 
loiirth  longest,  2;Hn  head;  longest  soft  rays  4;  Tipper  caudal  lobe  longer 
than  lower,  1^  in  head;  longest  anal  rays  2i-  in  head,  their  tips,  when 
(l«l)re88ed,  extending  beyond  the  tips  of  the.  last  rays;  second  anal  spine 
stronger  and  longer  than  third,  2^  in  head,  its  tip,  when  depressed,  rea(;h- 
iiiy,  I)a8t  the  middle  of  the  last  ray;  veutrals  Ij  in  head;  pectorals  1-'. 
Color  in  life,  deep  brassy  yellow,  scarcely  paler  below  or  darker  above; 
luad  and  body  with  about  12  conspicuous  slightly  wavy,  longitudinal 
stripes  of  skj'-blue,  deepest;  on  the  snout,  eac  i  with  a  very  nsirrow  edge 
ot  dusky  olive;  these  stripes  on  the  head  curving  upward  below  eye,  the 
first  strijie  below  eye  forking  near  the  posterior  margin  of  preoperde  and 
inclosing  an  oblong  area  of  the  ground  color;  iris  gilt,  a  dark  spot  under 
tli(5  angle  of  preoperclc;  spinous  dorsal  edged  and  shaded  with  yellowish, 
i\.  membrane  mostly  bluish;  soft  dorsal  yellowish;  caudal  yellowish, 
broadly  dnsky  at  base,  the  degree  of  this  duskiness  being  variable;  mouth 
(Itep  orange  within;  pectorals  pale  yellowish;  anal  and  veutrals  deei)er 
yellowish ;  the  young  have  more  yellow  on  fins  and  less  <m  body,  with 
traces  of  a  dark  caudal  spot.  The  coloration  becomes  fainter  in  spirits, 
the  blue  lines  becoming  gray.  Her*;  described  from  examples  from  Key 
West,  10  inches  in  length.  Specimens  from  Cuba  are  slightly  darker, 
lint  not  otherwise  diiFcrent.  Among  them  are  2  which  evidently  corre- 
spond to  IT.  multilineatum  of  Poey.  These,  in  life,  showed  the  following 
coloration:  Clear  bright  yellow,  with  l)ra8sy  tinge,  the  stripes  clear 
sky-blue,  without  darker  edge;  iris  yellow,  no  black  at  base  of  caudal; 


I  )  I 


V 


I  Si;;: 


I?  ■: 


t!       1 


f        I 


1 ,    1 


ll     ' 


'  -    i 


1304  Bu/Mi'n  ^7,  UnUed  States  National  Museum. 

month  dvei>  rod,  no  black  unilor  auj^^lt)  of  prco|)i;rclo;  iiiis  y(;llow;  jtec- 
torals  and  vuntrals  little  yellow.  Color  in  life  notalily  ditrureut  from 
that  of  //.  «oturH«,  but  the  diireronco  consiHts  rually  in  the  abueiice  of 
dusky  ishadiiig  and  disappuarH  entirely  in  HpiritH,  thesu  HpucimouH  being 
now  Hcarcoly  diotingiiiHliable  from  the  ordinary  //.  HciiiruH.  Went  IndioH; 
Florida  Keys  to  Brazil;  everywhere  coininon  in  the  West  IndicH;  a  hand- 
Honie  specioB,  reaching  a  length  of  IH  ii.ches.  (tieiuriis,  Hi|uirr«-1,  front  the 
grunting  noise  of  Viplevtrum  J'ormoaiim,  with  which  Hpccies  it  was  early 
confounded). 

Anthins /onudsuii,  Hi.orii,  lohthyol.,  ]il.  32;i,  1700,  Antilles;' net  I'erca  /orinom,  LlNN^KUs, 

with  which  it  is  iilcntilieil;  thr  hitlt-r  im  Oijilcetnun/urtiiohtiui. 
Spanm  uciuruK,  Shaw,  Gmutrul  '/moIo^v,  iv,  jil.  04,  18011,  Antilles;  basoU  on  tho  <le8cri|i 

tioiitiud  fl^uro  (if  liLi  It'll. 
llainulon  cleyans,  CrviKK,  Kt'-giiu  Animal,  Ed.  2,  II,  175,  1829;  iiii  deHCriptioii;  baHud  on 

tho  ligure  by  Blocu;  Cuvikk  &.  Vai.kncienne.><,  Hint.  Nut.  roiss,  v,  227, 1830;  GCn 

TIIKK,  Cat,,  I,  300. 
?IHabasix  obliipiahin,*  HKN.VE'rr,  Zoohitfical  Journal  London,  v,  1835,   !)(),  Jamaica.     Hliu^ 

stripes  on  body  Huid  to  be  obliqui',  tho  diacriiition  not  cori'i'8iioudiiiK  fully  to  tliis  or 

any  other  known  HjiovioH. 
f  Uivimtlon  nviiUn,  Casticlnau,  Auini.  Noni.  KaruH,  II,  185,'i,  Bahia;  doHcription  very  inipor 

foot. 
Uccmulon  luteum,  PoEY,  Moinorias,  ii,  174, 1800,  Cuba. 
lliviHulon  niultiUneatum,  1'oey,  Memoriae,  n,  178,  18(iO,  Cuba. 
Uwmuliin  hiann,  IIai.y,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.,  .\v,  1875, 208,  sjiocinicn  t'roni  .Vspinwull. 
Diabasiii  eleijuns,  Juudan  iV,  (iii.UKUT,  Syuoimis,  923. 

nauniiloH  xciitrus,  Jordan,  I'roc.  11.  S.  Nat.  Mns    1884, 120;  Jobdan  ii.  .SwAii;,  I.  c,  301. 
Ilixmulun  nciurui,  Juudan  ic  Fesleu,  I.  c,  474, 1893. 

1672.  il.K.Mi;LON  I'LI'MIKKI  (LmupMi). 

(Common  OuuNT;  KoncoKonco;  ItoNco  ArabA.) 

Head  2,ij;  depth  2^ ;  eye  small,  5  to  6  in  head.  1>.  XII,  l(i;  A.  Ill,  H; 
scales  5-50-17.  IJody  moderately  elongate,  the  back  elc.vate<l  and  some 
what  compressed ;  head  long,  thc!  snout  sharp  and  projecting,  its  length  L", 
in  head;  anterior  profile  more  or  less  S-shiiped,  nearly  straight  from  tip  of 
snout  to  before  eye,  there  concave,  and  thence  gibbcms  to  the  front  ol 
dorsal,  old  specimens  having  the  nape  more  gibbous  than  young  ones. 


*  The  Ciillowiim  is  Bennett's  dencription  ol'- 


"  IHahasin  nbliiivatuK. — Diabasis  jlavenceiis,  cnpito  vittis  cn-ruh'ia  duoderim,  corpoi(> 
linoiH  cuTuleis  obliqnis  nnnieroHi.<).  Dornal  {s;  iiei-toral  10;  ventral  },;  anal  j-', ;  caiidiil 
10.  On  ii  yeUowish,  somewhat  fuseouH,  grountl  (perhaps  altered  by  the  spirit,  in  wliicli 
the  specimen  has  been  immersed  lor  about  three  months) ;  the  markings  art*  pale  blue,  in 
numerous  vittie;  those  on  the  head  and  opercula,  which  are  somewhat  broader  and  men 
deejily  etdoured  than  those  of  the  body,  are  nearly  lon^^itudinal.  about  twelve  in  niiniber: 
tho.se "of  the,  body  are  obli(|ue,  directed  upward 'and  backward.  Tho  latter  are  forraeil 
bylines  pa.ssing  across  tho  middle  of  each  scale,  and  areconseiiuently  inimerous,  not  les-i 
than  sixteen  or  seventeoii  being  crosned  by  a  line  drawn  from  tho.junction  of  the  simioiis 
and  soft  portions  of  tho  dorsal  fin  to  tho  belly  in  front  of  the  anus.  On  the  tail,  behiml 
the  dorsal  and  anal  tins,  the  markings  become  longit  udinal,  in  about  nine  rows.  Tlu*  fins 
especially  their  seal  ,  soft  portions,  are  more  fuscous  than  the  body;  into  these  the  mark 
ings  do  iiot  extend.  The  lateral  line,  dellt'cted  opposite  to  the  extremity  of  the  d(ir.s;il 
(in,  is  yellow,  and  is  accompanied  below  by  a  blue  line;  a  similar  line,  but  more  distiml 
passes  along  its  upper  edge.  The  caudal  tin  is  forked ;  the  spines  of  the  dorsal  are  lilii 
nutntous.  The  front  and  extreme  teeth  in  each  Jaw,  especially  in  the  upi»er,  iire  lon;;t  r 
and  stronger  than  the  other.s,  .and  are  somewhat  hooked,  a  variance  from  the  gcuorii 
murk  'dents  on  velours'  indicated  by  M.  Cuvier," 


Mouth  V 

front  of 

strong,  i 

f.'tth  of 

i  in  lieac 

(innly  ser 

al)ov«)  lat 

very  oblii 

Donsa)  i 

ill  head; 

tlicir  tips, 

■ni;il  spint 

'It'lMosHed, 

loraJ.s  U. 

i'loii/e,  till 

(Ilia  color  1 

■Ulterior  re, 

ippjirently 

many  uarn 

liiirizonta], 

■■il.-^o  tJiese  Ii 

■iioiitli  deep 

liar  on  ojien 

ii.irrowyelJc 

"ithynllow 

•^•^•|t.'     pect( 

fii'ii  in  the 

ailiilt  in  coL 

«l">t.     The  c( 

'"•lies;  abun 

•Icscrilied  fro 

•'xcellonco  of 

on  tho  ( 'aroli 

tlic  amount  tj 

I'oniliinod.    ^ 

fli"'  most  aim 
'•'"gtb,  althou 
lary-f*  grunts 
Ciivier's  ffami 
i^i  "ho sent dr 

"'lal.i  coara  brasi 
/VivH  marina  cap 

'"'"■'"'  plumieri, 

'■"I'.v  of  a  drav 

^"■»i"lon/orino.n 

*'''il-,i,305,185i) 

'f'Ci'uiiun  arcuatu, 

South  Carolini 

3030 5 


:  X 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,      1305 


Mouth  verv  l:ii"K*'>  t^®  B'^P*'  curved;  maxillary  roachiiij?  to  a  little  iM^j'ond 
(ront  of  t.,,e,  its  length  IJinht-ad;  lower  Jaw  Hli}j;htly  included.  Teeth 
•strong,  in  rather  br(»ad  bands,  thoHc  of  the  outer  series  enlarged;  autrorse 
tofth  of  posterior  part  of  both  Jaws  strong.  Interorbital  space  convex, 
I  in  head;  prcorbital  rather  deep,  its  least  breadth  «iin  head;  preopercle 
tiimlv  serrate  Gill  rakers  small,  about  12-f  1">.  Scales  rather  largo,  those 
above  lateral  line  anteriorly  very  much  enlarged,  arranged  in  irregular  and 
very  oblique  series,  those  below  also  oltliipie. 

Dorsal  spines  stout,  the  fourth  longest,  2;(  i  i  head;  Icmgest  soft  rays  3J 
ill  head;  caudal  lobes  subequal,  2  in  head;  longest  anal  rays  2,1  in  head, 
their  tips,  when  depressed,  about  reaching  tijts  of  the  last  rays;  second 
uiial  spine  longer  and  stronger  than  third,  2.^  iu  head,  its  tip,  when 
i|(>]iressed,  at  least  reaching  middle  of  last  ray;  ventrals  \\  iu  head;  ])ec- 
iiirals  U.  Color  in  life  bluish-gray,  the  base  of  the  scales  above  bright 
liroiize,  tinged  Avith  olive;  bases  of  scales  below  lateral  line  also  bronze, 
this  color  forming  very  oblique  stripes,  running  upward  and  backward; 
.Ulterior  region  above  lateral  lino  with  3  or  4  sky-blue  stripes,  ill-doliued, 
:i|iparently  continuations  of  stripes  of  head;  head  golden-bronze,  with 
iiKiuy  narrow  stripes  of  deep  clear  blue,  as  if  ]>aiutcd  on,  these  nearly 
luuizontal,  except  before  eye,  where  a  few  curved  ones  cross  the  forehead; 
iilso  these  lines  curve  slightly  upward  below  eye.  I^ips  dusky;  inside  of 
iiKiiith  deep  orange,  bordered  anteriorly  on  the  jaws  by  yellow;  a  greenish 
liiir  on  opercle  partly  concealed  by  the  preopercle;  dorsal  grayish,  with  a 
ii;iin)w  yellow'edgc  on  spinous  portion  ;  caudal  plain  gray ;  anal  gray,  tinged 
with  yellow ;  ventrals  gr.ay,  with  a  clear  blue  luster  which  distippears  after 
(le.it?  pectorals  gray,  a  dusky  bar  at  base.  There  is  considerable  varia. 
tiiiu  in  the  depth  of  color  iu  this  species.  The  young  is  similar  to  the 
adult  in  color,  but  has  traces  of  two  lateral  bands  and  a  dusky  caudal 
spot.  The  color  in  spirits  differs  only  in  the  blue  becoming  dusky.  West 
Inilies;  abundant  from  Cape  llatteras  to  Rio  Janeiro  on  sandy  shores;  here 
described  from  Key  West  specimens.  This  species  is  the  "Crunt"  par 
excellence  of  our  South  Atlantic  coast.  It  is  not  rare  in  West  Florida  and 
on  till!  ( 'arolina  coast,  while  at  Key  West  it  is  the  most  abundant  food-tish, 
the  iummnt  taken  during  the  year  exceeding  that  of  all  other  shore  species 
citiiibined.  At  Havana  it  is  i)roportionally  much  less  common,  though  still 
the  most  abundant  of  its  genus.  It  does  not  usually  exceed  -o.  foot  in 
iciijrth,  although  individua'^  18  inches  long  are  sometimes  taken.  These 
liiruc  grunts  have  the  l)ack  and  nape  more  elevated,  and  correspond  to 
Cuvier's  Ihvmxihm  arcuatiim.  (Named  for  Father  Plumier,  an  early  natural- 
ist who  sent  drawings  of  the  (ishes  of  Martinique  to  the  museums  of  Europe.) 

ihial'i  c(iara  bratilieniiibuii,  MakcohAve,  Hist.  Hrasil.,  163, 1648,  Brazil. 

/V/('((  marina  capite  gtriato  {the  Grunt),  Catesbv,  Ilist.  Carolina,  pi.  6,  174;t,  Bahamas, 

I'tC. 

l.iibniK  plumieri,  LAC6Pf:DE,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  ni,  480,  pi.  2,  lig.  2,  1802,  Martinique;  on  a 

cciiiy  of  a  drawing  by  1'lumiek. 
no'midun  forinoguni,  Cuvier,  Rognc  Animal,  Kil.  2,  li,  175,  1829,  Martinique;  OCxtheu, 

Cat.,  1, 305, 1859;  not  Perca  fonnof>a  of  Linn.eus. 
H(emi(ii,n  arcuatum,  CuviEK  &  Valenciennes,  Uiat.  Nat.  Foiss.,  ix,  481, 1833,  Charleston, 

South  Carolina. 
3030 5 


ii 


•■    V 


1306         nuUcthi  ^7,  1  hit  ted  States  National  I\  fit  scum. 


ITeemulon  arara,  1'OBV,  MonioriaH,  li,  177,  1860,  Cuba. 

IlcBtniiliin  subarcuatum,  I'oky,  MciiioriiiH,  ii,  410, 1860,  Cuba;  ii  Hpnnimitii  with  Itluc  baiiiU 

on  nntcrior  lialf  uf  liciid  only. 
Jhabaniiplumitii,  JonnAN  &  (lii.iiEKT,  Troc.  1'.  S.  Nat.  Mum.  1882,  603;  Jordan  &  (Jii,- 

HKHT,  Syii(ri>MiH,  871. 
Ilcevmlnn  jdumirri,  .T()RI)AN  Sl  (ilMlKltr,   I'roc.   U.  S.  Nat.    Mum.   1884,   120;  Jiiiiuan    A 

Swain,  {,  c,  a03;  Joudan  &.  Frslick,  I.  c,  47.'>. 


'M: 


Mil 


107S.  llvKMI'LON   KLAVOIilNKATlIM  (DoHmaroHt). 

(French  (Irvnt;  Opkn-moutiied  ('iRitni  ;  Ko.nco  (Jondenaik).) 

Head  3;  depth  2}.  D.XII,  11;  A.  111,8;  scales  <{-r>0-ll.  p:ye  Inrge,  :il 
in  houd;  intororbital  width  :U  ;  proorbital  low,  its  least  width  7^  in  head. 
Prcopercle  rather  evenly  and  sharply  serrate;  j^ill  rakers  very  small,  about 
8-J-13.  Body  oblonj^-ovate,  comparatively  deep  and  comprijssed ;  hack 
somewhat  elevated;  anterior  profile  nearly  straight  from  the  tip  of  thf 
snout  to  the  nape,  thence  gently  <'onvex;  snout  rather  short,  acute,  its 
lenf;tli  3  in  head.  Mouth  not  very  large,  the  gape  curved ;  maxillary  reach- 
ing about  to  opposite  front  of  the  pupil,  its  length  2^  in  head.  Teeth  ot 
moderate  size,  the  outer  enlarged;  antrorse  teeth  in  the  posterior  ])art  of 
each  Jaw  considerably  enharged;  those  of  the  upiterjaw  caninelike,  larger 
than  any  of  the  other  teeth.  Scales  large;  those  of  the  anterior  and  mid- 
dle parts  of  the  body,  down  to  the  level  of  the  lower  part  of  ])ectorjil, 
much  enlarged,  having  nearly  double  the  depth  of  the  s<-ales  above  lateral 
line;  rows  above  lateral  line  running  very  obliquely  ujtward  and  back- 
ward; those  below  somewhat  wavy,  most  of  them  forming  a  curve  witli 
the  convexity  downward  and  backward.  Dorsal  spines  moderate,  tlie 
fourth  2  in  head ;  upper  caudal  lobe  \> ;  longest  anal  rays  2i  in  head,  their 
tips  extending,  when  depressed,  beyond  the  tip  of  the  last  ray ;  second  anal 
spiue  much  longer  and  stronger  than  third,  2  in  head,  its  tip,  when 
depressed,  reaching  nearly  to  tip  of  last  ray;  ventrals  1?  in  head;  pec- 
torals narrow  and  long  reaching  to  vent,  IJ.  Color  in  life,  light  bluish-gray 
as  ground  color.  A  bronze-yellow  spot  on  the  upper  ])art  of  each  scale 
these  forming  ccmtinuous  undulating  stripes  on  the  whole  body  and  head, 
wider  than  the  interspaces  of  the  ground  color;  on  caudal  pedtincle  they 
are  nearly  straight;  on  anterior  part  of  the  body  below  lateral  line  thty 
are  broader  and  very  oblique.  A  horizontal  stripe,  crossing  tbe  others, 
runs  along  the  side  of  back  from  occiput  to  last  rays  of  soft  dorsal,  of  the 
same  golden-yellow;  yellow  around  eye;  yellow  shades  and  streaks  (in 
cheeks,  not  strongly  marked  as  in  //.  »ciHr««  and  H.plumieri;  yellow  8tri]ic8 
on  top  of  head;  angle  of  mouth  black,  inside  brick-red;  a  large  black  blot(  h 
under  angle  of  preopercle;  fins  bright  golden-yellow,  the  pectoral  and 
spinous  dorsal  paler.  In  spirits  the  ground  color  becomes  grayish  and  tiic 
stripes  brownish  or  dusky.  Length  afoot.  West  Indies;  Florida  Keys 
and  Bermudas  to  Brazil;  rare  in  Florida,  common  in  the  West  Indies;  (nic 
of  the  most  strongly  marked  species.  Here  described  from  Havana  speci- 
mens,    (flavua,  yellow;  lineatns,  marked  with  lines.) 

Diabaiis  jtavolineatus,  Desmarest,  Prem.  Decade  Icbth.,  35,  pi.  2,  flg.  1, 1823,  Cuba. 
Hmmvhm  heterodon,  CuviEU,  Kt>gne  Animal,  Kd. 2,  n,  176,  1829,  Cuba;  based  on  Diabase 
rayee  of  Desmabest;  Ccviek  &.  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poias.,  v,  255, 1830. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1307 

llifiiiulon   xanthoptfron,  Cuviku    A    Valknoiennkh,    UlHt.    Nut.    ToiHs.,    v,    Mi,  IKIO, 

Martinique. 
riirmulcn  xaiithoptcmm,  OCNTiiKn,  Cat.,  i,  .112, 18:)0. 
Ilirmiiloii  jtafolinedlum,  Poky,  lU'pi-rtorio,   i,  309,   1807;  .loiiDAN  iV    Kb.mler,  I.  e.,  476; 

joKDAN  &  Swain,  l.e.,  305. 

538.  BRACHYGENYS.  Sciuldor. 
I!iach!/g'ii!i»  (SrUDPEK  MS.)  PoKY,  SviioiisIh  PiHcium  (.'iibiMmiimi,  :ilO,  1808  {fwniatum). 

'I'liis  ^eiins  (litVerH  from  Ihvmiilon  in  the  hiiiiiU  inontli  iintl  Hl«ii<Iei'  body, 
tlio  (rlet't  of  the  mouth  heiiiK  Ic'^^*  thtin  ^  hoail,  the  Hiioiit  vory  nhort,  tho 
frontal  foramina  sojtarate,  )»lac<Ml  Homo  diHtance  before  the  very  short 
siipraoccipital  crest.  Jaws  red  within.  One  Hpoci«'H  known,  (/ipa^t'?, 
.short;  yft'v?,  rhin.) 

1074.  liRAniYOKNYH  niRYSAROYItKlIK  (Ciinthor). 

Head  .'{!, ;  deptli  3!  to  3f ;  eye  very  hirge,  3.  I).  XII,  14;  A.  Ill,  9;  scalos 
7-52-13.  B(»dy  more  elongate  than  in  any  of  the  other  specicH,  except  //. 
aiirolintatiim,  moderately  compresBed,  the  back  little  elevat«Hl,  the  profile 
ronning  a  weak  bnt  nearly  regular  curve  fi.)m  in  front  of  eyes  to  dorsal; 
liofore  the  eyes  is  a  slight  angle  an<l  the  profile  of  the  snout  is  rather 
more  steep;  snout  very  short  and  obtuse,  its  length  3|  in  head;  mouth 
\ try  small  for  the  genus,  smaller  than  in  any  other  species,  its  gape  but 
little  curved;  maxillary  reaching  a  little  past  front  of  eye,  its  length  3^ 
ill  head;  teeth  weaker  than  in  any  other  of  our  species,  the  posterior 
tct'tli  scarcely  enlarged;  interorbitul  space  broad,  convex,  its  breadth  4 
in  head;  preorbital  very  low,  its  least  breadth  7i  in  head.  Prcoporcle 
evenly  and  rather  sharply  serrate.  (Jill  rakers  small,  H  -f- 15.  Scales  small, 
very  regularly  arranged,  those  above  lateral  line  in  very  obli(|ue  series, 
thoHu  below  in  horizontal  series.  Dorsal  s])iiies  slender  and  high,  the 
I'ouith  \'i  in  head;  upper  caudal  lobe  1;  posterior  of  anal  con<"ave,  longest 
r;i.vs  2  in  head,  their  tips  not  nearly  reaching,  when  depressed,  to  the  tips 
of  the  last  :ays;  second  anal  spine  short  and  weak,  2'i  in  head,  not  bmger 
tliau  third,  and  but  little  stronger,  its  tip,  when  depressed,  reaching  to 
li.me  of  the  median  soft  rays  and  not  to  the  tip  of  the  third  spine ;  ventrals 
1;  in  head;  pectorals  l^;  frontal  forami  11:1  separate,  some  distance  before 
tlie  very  low  siipraoccipital  crest.  Color  in  life,  bluish  a)»ove,  white  below, 
sides  with  5  stripes  of  clear  bronze-orange,  4  most  distinct,  all  of  e([ual 
width,  about  half  pupil ;  a  median  stripe  from  middle  of  interorbital  8pa<-e 
to  dorsal;  the  next  pair  from  tip  of  snout  above  to  last  rays  of  dorsab 
liicoiuiug  median  on  caudal  peduncle;  1  from  uoatrM  above  eye  to  below 
last  rays  of  soft  dorsal;  1  through  snout  and  eye,  straight  to  base  of 
(aiidal;  1  below  eye  to  lower  part  of  caudal;  a  very  faint  one  from  angle 
1)1'  mouth  and  along  lower  part  of  sitles;  axil  slightly  dusky ;  tins  all  light 
orange-yellow,  unmarked;  dorsal  and  anal  with  very  narrow  dusky  edge; 
no  trace  of  dark  caudal  spot;  mouth  pale  reddish  within  in  young,  light 
orange  in  adults.  In  spirits  the  body  and  head  are  bluish-silvery.  This 
little  lisli^  the  smallest  of  the  group,  is  abundant  both  at  Key  West  and 


r¥ 


f ' 


130iS  nuUclin  f/,  Ihiitcd  States  National  J\fuscintt. 

Havana.  None  of  the  HpeciuiutiH  Hf^en  oxceeda  H  iuchos  in  length.  It 
(litt'ors  from  tho  othurH  in  the  lesH  dovolopnioiit  of  tliu  cavornoiiH  structiire 
of  tho  sknll,  thu  foramina  on  th«  frontal  rugi(m  being  iuconHi)icuou8. 
(Xfivduf,  no\d;  lifjyvfjeoi,  Hilvur.) 

llamulon  ehrynarni/reinn,  (iCNTiiEU,  Cat.,  I,  1114,  18.TO,  Trinidad. 
Hivmulon  ttetiiatuin,  I'oKY,  MitnioriuH,  ii,  \W1,  IHUO,  Cuba;  youug. 
Jinichijueiii/i  tti'niata,  I'oKY,  Knninoriitio,  47,  IHlH. 
Ilannulon  fhrimaroyreum,  Jokdan  &  Vkhlku,  I.  c,  476. 

539.  BATHYSTOMA,  Hcudder. 
(Tom  Tatks.) 


1^' 

1    ! 

1' 

* 

^  <<■;: 


'I ; 


liathiintoma  (ScrDUEh  MS.)  Putnam,  Kull.  Mim.  L'omp.  Zool.,  i,  12,  1803  (Jenigttano,  etc.) -, 
no  dvtiiiitioii. 

This  genus  differH  fron)  Jfiviniilon  in  tho  prcBcnco  of  13  dorsal  spines; 
body  rather  elongate;  gill  rakers  rather  nunierona,  12  to  18  on  lower  part 
of  anterior  arch;  mouth  moderate;  scales  small;  frontal  foramina  long, 
divided  slits  in  front  of  the  Hupraoccipital  creNt.  Jaws  red  within. 
(/JaQvi,  low;  drojtia,  mouth.) 

a.  Mouth  liirgo,  tho  luuxilhtry  roaching  middle  of  oyo,  its  l<>n);th  about  )  bond;   gill 
raltei'H  rathtT  Hhorl  and  few;  Hcalos  inodorntc,  50  to  55  in  tlic  lateral  line;  neoond 
anal  Hpini*  si'arcely  larger  or  longer  tlian  third,  2J  or  more  in  liead. 
b.  ISody  oblong,  the  back  nioderatcly  elevated,  the  dopth  23  to  3  in  length. 

BIMATOH,  1675. 
bl).  It(Mty  Bubfusit'orm,  the  back  little  elevated,  the  depth  3J  to  3}  in  length. 

AUEOI.I.NBATU.M,  1676. 

aa.  Mouth  rather  aniall,  tho  maxillary  not  reaching  to  opponite  niiddlo  of  eye,  itH 
length  not  quite  J  head;  gill  raker.s  nnnicrods,  ratlier  long;  ncales  small, 
about  70  in  Literal  line;  sot^ond  anal  spine  notably  longer  and  larger  than  third; 
body  more  elongate  than  in  other  species,  depth  about  3j^  in  length. 

STRIATUM,  1677. 

1»75.  HATIIVfSTOMA  ltl.MAT(Ht  (Jordan  &  Swain). 
(Tom  Tate;  KKD-MOtvrU  (JUUNT;  C.ksau.) 

Head  2^;  depth  2?, ;  <'ye  rather  large,  4^  in  head;  interorbital  space  con- 
vex, 3J  in  head;  preorbital  low,  its  least  breadth  H  in  head.  Gill  rakers 
small,  about  11+16.  D.  XIII,  15;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  8-51-13.  Body  rather 
elongate  but  not  fusiform,  the  back  somewhat  elevated,  the  protile  straight 
or  slightly  convex  from  tip  of  snout  to  behind  eye,  when,'  it  becomes  grad- 
ually more  convex;  snout  short,  rather  pointed,  about  3  in  head.  Mouth 
large,  the  maxillary  reaching  middle  of  pupil,  its  length  2  in  head.  Teeth 
not  very  strong,  those  of  the  outer  series  a  little  enlarged,  the  antrorcs 
posterior  teeth  rather  large.  Scales  rather  small,  those  above  lateral  line 
regularly  arranged  in  oblique  scries,  the  series  below  nearly  horizontal. 
Dorsal  spines  slender  and  high,  the  fourth  2  to  2^  in  head;  upper  caudal 
lobe  1^  in  head;  longest  anal  rays  3  in  head,  their  tips  not  reaching  tips  of 


M  1 


Jordan  and  F.vtrmann. — Fishes  of  North  AtnerUa. 


1309 


liiHt  rayH  when  dopreHHod ;  necond  a.iul  spiiio  but  littlo  loii);i*r  than  tliird, 
L'fi,  in  heiid,  thn  two  iiion^  nearly  ofiiial  than  iihiiuI  in  tliJH  ^nntiH,  tlittir  tipH, 
\vliond<tpriiHH«Ml,  r*'ii('hin)(  niitldioof  liiNt  itiy ;  ventralK  Ijl  in  lioiul;  p(M!t<iriilN 
II,  thi'ir  tipH  nut  roacliin^  pant  tipH  of  vi>ntruls.  Frontiil  foraniinii  aH  in 
iiIIht  Npt^cioHof  thur<iib)r«MniH  HittliifHtoma,  lon^  divided  NlitH  in  front  of  Mic 
siipraorcipital  irt-st.  Color  in  life,  nilvory  \vhit<',  Bli;rhtly  blniHli  ubovo, 
witli  iridt'soont  nttlrctionH;  fd^oH  of  HcaluH  of  body  li^ht  ytdiow,  thcHO 
I'lirniin^'  continnonH  light  yollow  lines,  those  below  lateral  line  horizontal, 
tlioHe  iiliove  very  obli(ine;  beHides  thoHo,  a  narrow  eontinncniH  Htreak  of 
li;;lit  yellow  above  lateral  line,  from  head  to  end  of  Hoft  dorsal,  and  another 
tioni  eyo  to  middle  of  ca<idal;  head  silvery.yjdlowish  above;  innide  of 
iiiDiith  red;  no  b]a<-k  nnder  preojiercle;  traceN  of  black  blotch  at  baHu  of 
cainlal;  hnscidorleHS,  the  lower  slij^htly  yellowinh.  Yonnjjaro  li|rbtt>liva- 
ceoiiH,  yrayiHh-Hilvery  below;  a  dark  bron/e  band,  narrower  than  pnpil, 
<liu°kest  in  the  youn]L;er  Hpeciinen  from  snont  thron^h  eye  straight  to  ba8e 
of  caudal;  above  this,  2  or  ',i  dark  streaks,  the  middle  one  most  dis- 
tiiK^t.  from  eye  to  above  );ill  opening;  another,  begini.ing  on  top  of  sn«mt 
on  each  side,  ])assing  above  eye,  and  extending  ])arallel  with  the  thst-men- 
liontd  strijie  straight  to  last  ray  of  dorsal,  where  it  inoets  its  fellow  of  the 
o|i)iosite  side;  a  dark  streak  from  tip  of  gncMit  along  median  line  to  front 
of  dorsal;  a  large  rounded  black  blotch  at  base  of  caudal,  somewhat 
obscure  dusky  shading  below  soft  dorsal  and  at  base  of  pectoral;  tins  all 
idain.  upper  slightly  dusky;  anal  nearly  white;  pectoials,  caudal,  and 
\cntrals  light  yellow;  lining  of  operclo  plain  orange;  inside  of  month 
.scarlet.  In  the  largo  specimen  {ok  inches  l(»ng)  the  dark  stripes  are  fainter, 
]ialcr,  and  more  yellowish ;  several  fainter  bands  occur  between  the  broader 
ones,  and  faint  oblique  streaks  of  light  bron/e  follow  the  rows  of  scales, 
tiiose  above  lateral  line  oblique.  Inspirits  the  adult  is  plain  silvery.  West 
Indies;  Cape  Hatteras  to  Trinidad;  apparently  more  abundant  on  our 
South  Atlantic  coast  than  southward;  not  seen  at  Havana.  Abundant 
ul>i>iit  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  where  it  is  one  of  the  most  abundant 
lood-fishes.  About  Pensacola  and  Key  West  the  adult  are  less  numerous, 
but  at  the  latter  place  the  young  swarm  everywhere  about  the  wharves 
unci  shores,  (rimator,  inquirer,  in  allusion  to  the  inquisitive  habits  of  the 
young,  which  swarm  about  the  wharves,  nibbling  bait  intended  for  larger 
lishes.) 

Iliriiiiilon  rimator,  Jordan  &.  Swain,  T'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  ^fus.  1H84,  308,  Charleston;  Key 
West;  Pensacola;  Joboan  &  Fesler,  I.  c,  477. 

Ilii'DiiiUiu  cliryKopteron,  Cuvikr  ..t  VAi.ENriEXNES,  Hist. Nat.  I'olss.,  v, 240,  1830,  bronglit 
liy  MillHirt  from  New  York;  crroiiooualy  idoiitiliecl  with  Perca  chrytoptera,  LimwuH, 
wliich  i8  an  Orthopri»ti». 

Iliimulon  chrijaopterum,  GCnther,  Cat.,  I,  313, 1859. 

Ild'iniilnn  quadrilineatum,  IIOLBROOK,  Icbth.  S.  Car.,  195,  I860;  not  ofCuviER*  Valen- 
ciennes. 

Iliiiindon  f  caudimacula,  Poey,  Synopsis,  47, 1875;  not  of  Cuvieb  J«^  Valenciennes. 

Iliniiulo))  parnv,  I'oev,  Enunieratio,  47,  1875;  not  Z>ia6a«i«i)«rro,  Desmarest. 

Piahasig  anrolineatus,  Jordan  &  (Iu.iiebt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882,  276,307;  Jordan  \ 
('•iLiiERT,  Synopsis,  97H ;  not  llcemulon  auroUneattim,  Cuvieb  &.  Valenciennes. 

IHahanis  chrysopierus,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  553. 


1310         nullt'liu  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


IA7A.     ItATIIVMTONA  AHiiOIJMKATIM     (i'iivii<r\  Vnlemli  nu(M). 

(.IknIoiano.) 

Ilotullt;  (i(>pt1i  !<•' ;  «iyo  Inr^r,  ;t'{  in  IioimI;  intnrorliiliil  Hpitrt*  roiiv«>x,  itfi 
uiilth  (  ill  liuiul;  |)i-uorl>ittil  vttry  low,  itH  li-iiHt  liifiiiltli  about  7  in  lii-iul. 
(•ill  rukoTH  Niiiiill,  iihoiit  12  on  ]ow«)i'  pitrt  of  iircli.  I).  XIII,  15;  A.  Ill,  K; 
scaluH  S-r>l-i:{.  Hoily  <'oiiipr<-HN<'<l,  rnNit'onii,  tlio  liark  not  i'lt'vat<><l;  tlio 
prolil<«  foriiiin^  a  weak  Ixit  nearly  r(>);iilar  ciirvi'  froni  tli<^  lip  ol'  tli«t  Niiout 
to  the  Irunr  of  tho  ihtrHal;  Hiioiit  hIiui-I,  nioilfratoly  pointed,:!  in  lirad; 
nioiitli  lai-f^u,  curved,  tli*-  iiiaxillaiy  reat'hinj;  to  Kli^litly  lifyoiid  middle  of 
pupil,  itH  lenjftli  \\  in  head.  Teeth  iiot  vny  Htroii^,  ahout  aH  in  //.  rimator. 
Si'aleH  rather  Nniall,  arranged  about  aH  in  ti.  rimator.  Dorsal  npineH 
Hleiider,  rather  hi^li,  the  fourth  2^  in  liead;  uppi-r  caudal  lobe  \\  in 
head;  lungent  anal  rayn  2;^  in  head,  their  tips  not  reaihin^  nearly  to  tips 
of  lant  rayn;  Hccond  anal  Hpino  not  vt-ry  much  hmger  than  third,  about:! 
ill  head,  rea<'hiii)r,  when  tleprcHHctl,  little  paMt  the  Itane  of  the  hint  ray; 
ventralH  I*  in  head;  pectorala  Ij,  th«-ir  tipH  reaching  Hlightly  beyond 
tipH  of  ventralH.  Color  in  life,  dusky  gray,  with  7  or  M  yell«»w  lon- 
gitudinal streakH,  the  one  through  eye  wideHt;  mouth  very  re«l ;  no 
duaky  spot  under  the  angle  of  preopercle;  tiiiMgray;  dorsal  scarcely  yel- 
lowish. In  spirits  the  vertical  tins  and  snout  are  Homowhat  dusky;  the 
paired  tins  are  grayish,  the  golden  stripes  faint.  Length  6  to  8  inches. 
Here  descriiteil  from  Havana  specimens.  West  Indies;  Fhirida  Keys  to 
Hra/il;  very  abundant  at  Havana,  where  it  is  often  brought  into  the 
market.  It  is  smaller  in  sixe  than  any  other  of  this  or  related  genera 
except  lirachj/deni/i*  chrifmrgi/reiim.  It  has  l»et:i  taken  at  (iarden  Key,  Fla., 
but  was  not  observed  at  Key  W;)st.     (««/•«»«,  gold;  lineatuii,  atTi])ed,) 

lliemulon  auroUnmtum,  CrviEit  &  Vai.encib.nnks,  lliHt.  Nat.  I'oisH.,  v,  2:i7,  1830,  Brazil; 

San  Domingo;  .Iuudan  &.  I-'EShKR,  2.  r.,  478. 
lleemulon  jini<jnano,VoK\',  Mt<iii(niaH,n  ,  183,  180(i,  Cuba;  •luUDAN  &  GlLitEUT,  Syuopsis, 

02.'i. 
Hcemulon  aurolineatum,  (iilNTiiKU,  (Jut.,  i,  :tl8, 1859. 

1»77.  ltATIIYSTO.MA  STKIATI  M  (LiimwiiH). 

(White  (Jrunt.) 

Head  3} ;  depth  3i ;  eye  large,  'Ai,  in  head.  1).  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales 
7-70-18.  liody  elongate,  fusiform,  more  slender  than  in  any  other  uf  the 
species,  the  back  little  elevated,  not  much  compressed,  the  anterior  pro- 
lile  gently  convex,  not  steep.  Head  small,  the  snout  short  and  not  very 
acute,  its  length  3^  iu  head;  mouth  comparatively  small,  smaller  than  in 
li.  auroHnealum,  the  maxillary  extending  to  beyond  front  of  pupil,  its 


*  We  have  adopted  the  name  aurolineatum  for  this  species,  and  uot  for  B.  rimaUrr,  on 
the  Htreiigth  of  tho  following  iicciiunt  of  lliu  typical  specimen  of  liathyttoma  aurolinea- 
tum received  from  I>r.  II.  E.  Sauvftfie,  of  the  iiuiHeuin  at  Paris. 

Hcemtilon  aurulim:atum,  Brazil,  Delalaiide,  type.  Length  of  the  body,  0.220  in. ;  i.-'iglit 
of  body,  0.0.55  in  ;  length  of  the  head,  0.60  m'.  Height  of  the  body  contained  nearly  4 
timed  in  the  total  length,  and  '.i^  without  the  caudal. 

As  the  description  of  Ciivier  &.  ValeniMennes  agrees  in  other  respects  equally  well  with 
either  species,  the  above  inenHnrements  leave  no  doubt  of  the  identity  of  their  typo  wilii 
J{.Jenitfuaiio.  ntithi/ntnma  riinalur,  young  or  old,  is  never  sc  slender  aa  the  above  lueau- 
ureuienta  would  indicate. 


Jordan  mid  /urtmatni. — Fisfus  of  Xortfi  .Imtrita.      l.'Ul 


li'uutl)  'i\  '"  iH'iid.  Ttuttli  iiitlior  Hinall,  tito  oiiloi'  iiiid  poHtorior  u  littlt< 
.■iiliirK"*! ;  l<»w«<r  Jaw  Hli^liMy  iniliidrtl.  I'rrorltitiil  iiurrow,  iIh  \\n\M 
liiiMiltli  !*  iit  Ixail ;  iiit(<r<irliitiil  Hparo  Itioiul,  coiivrx,  itH  width  '1%  in  head; 
iii»Mi|M'irli-  iiio<lt'iattd,v  wirati'.  (Sill  lakt-iH  iiinrli  liin)(<!r  and  nioro  ihimht- 
iHiM  than  ill  /'•  auioliiieutnm  and  otht^r  H)M>«-it>H,  aiioiit  IH  on  lower  part  oi 
:ii>ti-rior  iirt'h,  th»  lonu^Nt  ^  li<uHt  dopth  of  pnorldtal.  ScidrH  notably 
>iii:ilUu'  than  in  any  othur  Hpu<-i<m  of  tho  ;;(uinH,  tlnmo  aliovo  lateral  lin<^  in 
mtv  ohli<|n()  HiM'iuH,  thoait  htdow  iiKntt  nt^irly  hori/.outal,  and  iiono  of 
tliini  Mpi'cially  rnlai'Kud;  Hot't  Hiih  Hcaly,  uh  nHual.  Dornal  HpinoH  m1«ui- 
,\fi\  ratJKtr  low,  tht<  fourth  o"  lon^t'Ht  2-[\,  in  hca<l;  Hoft  dorHul  loii)';  and 
|i)s\ ,  thi>  loiiKi'st  ray  3{  in  httad  ;  caudal  tiruply  forked,  tho  upper  lobe  1 1'„  in 
|i(-ad;  unal  rather  low  and  Hinall,  itH  lon^eHt  ray8i{|.in  head,  not  reaching;, 
wlion  deprcHHcd,  to  the  tip  of  the  luHt  rayn;  Hucoiid  iinal  Hpine  notably 
liiii^ni'  and  ntroii^er  than  third,  2-i  in  head,  reaching,  when  depreHHed,  a 
|iitlt>  paHt  bane  of  last  ray;  v- ntralH  I'i  in  head;  pectoraln  !)(.  Color  in 
spirits  pe:irly  ^ray,  with  eontinnooH  brown  stieakH  (^'olden  in  life\  1  on 
i!it'  median  line  above  from  tip  of  snout  to  dorual,  i  on  each  Hi<h)  of  top 
(if  head  aixive  eye,  3  of  these  extending;  on  the  body,  but  only  the  nueond 
I'lintiuMoiiH,  thiH  very  diHtinet  unit  reaching  last  ray  of  dorsal;  below 
tlicse,  2  extending  backward  from  eye,  the  npperinoHt  diHtiuet  anteriorly, 
riiiliiiK  l)ehind,  the  lowent  fading  anteriorly;  beh)w  this  traceB  of  another 
iliisky  stripe;  there  are  thuH  3  or  4  diHtinet  longitu<lii<al  streakH  on  body, 
wilii  '2  or  :{  tainter  ouen;  tins  pale,  probably  yellowish  in  life.  This  is 
iiiif  of  tho  smaller  speeieH,  probably  never  exceeding  u  foot  in  length.  It 
is  ailird  to  /f.  aiirolineatuiii  and  //.  rimator,  but  deviateH  from  the  ordinary 
lldllniHtoma  type  more  than  either  of  thoHO.  Here  descrilted  from  No.  [)H'M, 
r.  S.  N.  M.,  sent  by  I'oey  from  Cuba.  Went  Indies;  Uermudas  to  Ura/il; 
not  coinnion.     {BtriatiiH,  striped.) 

Cilii'iitiahraxilieniiibut,  Maucokavk,  tlJHt.  liraHil.,  155,1048,  Brazil. 

f.ifu  striata,  Linn^kus,  Synt.  Nut.,  Kd.  .\,  2X1,  175H,  North  America. 

Cnniimixlft  trivittalu*,  lii.ocH  &  SciiNBiDiCK,  HyMt.  Ichth.,  188, 1801,  Brazil;  on  the  ilt'Hcri|i- 

tioii  of  Maiu'okavk. 
Siirainii  eapeiina,  LuiiTENSTElN,  Abliuiull.  Herliii  Aku<l.  1821,  28t),  Brazil;  on  tho  doMcriii- 

linn  ot  Makciikavb. 
ll,ii,iiitoH  tiuadrilinealttm,  Cuvikr  &.  Vai.knciennks,  Hint.  Nat.  I'oiHs.,  v,  2;!8,  pi.  120, 

18110,  San  Domingo;  (JI'stheu,  Cut.,  i,  aiO;   I'oey,  Kepertorio,  i,  :ilO,  18«7i  ii,  1(11; 

.riiuiiAN  \-  Swain,  I.e.,  ;ill. 
IhriiniUiii  (iKin'/udineatiiin,  ToEV,  Mcinorias,  ii,  419,  1860,  Cuba. 
Ilifiiitiliin  eapeuna,  CuviElt,   lU'gne  Auiiuol,    K«l.  2,   u,    170,   1820;  no  ili-Hcription ;   afl<r 

Maui  (iiiave. 
llivmiiUim  eai>euntt,  (JoooE,  Hull.  V .  S.  Nat.  Miis.,  v,  ,53,  1870. 
/'irf/>a.v(,v  >rtvi<^<ft(*,  Jordan  iV  (iiLHEUT,  Syuopsia,  554;  i^rroueouHly  aHuril>e<l,  tti'tur  Hoi.- 

iiKDoK,  lo  tho  Carolina  t'aiinn. 
Ilniiuilun  atriatum,  FoBUAN  &.  Fkslkk,  I.  c,  479. 

540.  LYTHRULON,  Jordan  &  Swain. 

I.tilhrtilon,  iToudan  \  SwAiN,  I'roc.  1".  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884,287  (flav'ujuttatinn). 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Jlwmulott,  (littering  in  the  short  snout, 
hi;;l>  supraoccipital  crcHt,  obliiiue  mouth,  and  increased  number  of  gill 
rukurs.     The  form  of  the  body   is  peculiar,  the  dorsal  uud  aual  long  and 


I  f 

ii 


■'in? 


I'.!  .j- 


1312  lUiUctin  ay,  Lhiitcd  States  National  Museum. 


low,  1111(1  tli()  cinidiil  widely  forked.     Two  HpecieH  known.     (XvfJpoy,  K<>r«'; 
ovXoy,  ixnr.i.) 

a.  (iill  lakorH  iiIhm.}  U)-j-:"2-    32:  body  oblong,  tlit*  tltptli  M  in  Ittiit;)!). 

FLAVKirTTATIM,  167H. 

aa.  (lir.  rakdiH  8  I- 15  — 'j:i;  Ixxly  (ltM^]>,  tint  <l<<)itli  23  in  li^ngtli.  oi>ai.G8(;eN!4,  167'I. 

I«7N.   I.VTIIItn.O>   FLAVIulTTATI m  ((iill). 

(PKrXK-FoNPA.) 

Head  3i;  depth  a.  D.  XII,  l.'),  rarely  XIII,  15;  A.  Ill,  8;  snout  4  in 
head;  ini'xillary  reaching  a  little  past  front  of  ]»npil,  2^ ;  orbit  3;  inter- 
orhital  'U;  longest  dorsal  spine  2';  longest  dorsal  ray  3^;  second  anal 
spine  3;  pectorallj;  ventral  I?;  scalv^s  6-49-14.  Korni  elongate  oval,  com- 
pressed, the  curve  of  ventral  and  dorsal  outlines  about  e(]ual  and  unif  trni. 
Head  small  and  short,  with  short  pointed  SQout;  anterior  proHle  very  slightly 
concave  before  eye,  thence  sli<>'htly  convex  to  dorsal;  mouth  small  and 
oblique  with  the  lower  jaws  projecting ;  teeth  all  small,  the  outer  scarcely 
enlarged ;  preoperde  finely  and  shar])ly  serrate,  its  posterior  edge  shal- 
lowly  concave,  its  angle  broadly  rounded,  flill  rakers  slender  and  numer- 
ous, the  longest  nearly  equal  to  the  diameter  of  pupil,  about  l0-|-32. 
Scales  of  moderate  3i/e.  those  above  lateral  line  arranged  in  very  oblique 
series;  tip  of  snout,  chin,  and  maxillary  naked;  scales  on  top  of  beau  and 
cheeks  small  and  crowded;  soft  lius  with  scales.  Pectoral  l^i-  in  head, 
reaching  neiirly  to  vent;  ventrals  1|,  reaching  halfway  to  anal  rays;  sec- 
ond «>ual  spine  a  little  longer  and  stronger  than  third,  its  tip  when 
depressed  not  reaching  base  of  last  rays;  caudal  lin  forked,  its  upper  lobe 
the  longer.  Frontal  foramina  2  short  slits  close  together,  just  in  front 
oi"  the  high  supraorbital  crest.  Color  in  spirits,  dark  steel-gray;  a  small 
Aery  distinct  pale  spot  on  jacu  8i;ale  of  back  and  sides,  surrounded  by 
darker;  tliis  spot  in  spirits  light  yellowish;  in  life  of  a  pearly  blue;  head 
plain;  a  small  dusky  blotch  under  angle  of  preopercle;  fins  plain,  bright 
yellow  in  life.  Ycung  with  a  l.irge  black  blotch  at  base  of  caudal,  as  in 
liivmulun  stcindachnerl  and  Orthoatwchua  mactilicauda,  and  without  the 
dusky  horizontal  streaks  seen  in  most  of  the  other  species.  Length  1  foot. 
Here  described  from  a  specimen  9  inches  long  from  Guaymas,  Mexico.  Pa- 
cific coast  of  tropical  America,  Guaym.as  to  Panama;  generally  common 
along  the  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America,  {flavus,  yellow;  guUaius, 
spotted.) 

Hmmulon  Haviguttatiiii.GuAj,  Proo.  Ac.  Kat.  Sci.  riiila.  1862,  254,  Cape  San  Lucas  (Coll. 

XantuH). 
Ileemulou  i.iai-garitiffirum,  GUntheb,  Proc.  Zool.  So".  London  1864, 147,  Pananna. 
ncemulon  flaviijuttatum,  Steindachnkr,  Iclith.  Belt., in,  14,  1875;  Jordan  &, .Swain,  I.e., 

?14j  EvKKMANN  &:.  JENKINS,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. Mus.  1891  152 ;  Jordan  &  Fesler,  I.  c,  479. 

1«79.  LYTHUULOJf  OPALESiCENS,  Jordan  &  Starks. 

Head  3| ;  depth  2j.  D.  XII,  16 ;  A.  Ill,  9 ;  snout  3|  in  head ;  maxillary 
reaching  slightly  past  front  of  pupil,  2|  in  head;  orbit  2f ;  interorbital 
3f ;  longest  dorsal  spine  2;  longest  dorsal  ray  4;  second  anal  spine  2^; 
pectoral  1,^;;  ventrals  1|;  scales  7-54-13.  Body  deep,  compressed,  the 
back  well  elevated,  the  dorsal  outline  nearly  uniformly  curA'ed  from  tip 


OltllOKtO'chtlt,    ( 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Plishes  of  North  America.     1313 


of  snout  to  ciuidal  peduncio;  ventral  (lutline  curved  from  chin  to  breast. 
I  lioiico  straight  to  anul  spine,  and  slanting  obli<iuely  upward  to  caudal 
ixiluncle.  Snout  ainall  and  pointed;  mouth  small  and  oblique,  the  lower 
i;i\v  slightly  projecting;  teeth  all  Buiull,  the  outer  scarcely  enlarged;  pre- 
oix-rile  finely  serrate,  tho  posterior  limb  sonuswhat  concave,  th»?  angle 
tiKiiidlv  rounded.  (Jill  inkers  short  and  slender,  about  j  the  diameter  of 
1)111)11,  H+15;  scales  above  lateral  line  arranged  in  oblique  series;  tip  of 
■iiiont,  chin,  and  maxillary  naked;  scales  on  hoad  small  and  crowded;  soft 
lins  scaled.  Pectoral  reaching  to  vent;  ventrals  reaching  halfway  to 
Hicoud  anal  ray ;  second  anrJ  spine  a  little  longer  and  stronger  than  third; 
iniiitT  lobe  of  caudal  the  longer,  about  ecjual  to  head.  Color  as  in  Lythrii- 
lon  II arig  1(1  latum,  in  spirits,  dark  steel  gray;  a  snioU  very  distinct  pale 
-jiot  on  each  scale  of  back  and  sides,  surrounded  by  darker,  this  spot,  in 
spirits,  light  yellowish;  in  life  of  a  pearly  blue;  head  plain;  a  small 
liiisky  blotch  under  angle  of  preopercle ;  fins  plain  bright  yellow  in  life. 
^  niing  with  a  large  black  blotch  at  base  of  (;audal,  as  in  flmniilon  stein- 
ddihueri  and  (h'thostc "hits  viacHlieaiida,  and  without  the  dusky  hori/.on- 
t:il  streaks  seen  in  most  of  the  other  species.  This  species  ditlers  from 
/,.  ilungutiatum  in  having  fewer  gill  rakers,  the  depth  and  arch  of  the 
liiuk  greater.  Rather  common  in  the  estuary  at  Ma/atlan,  not  yet  noticed 
(•ls(  where;  all  the  specimens  of  Zi/Z/trH^on  from  other  localitiec:  examined 
!n  lis  being  referable  to  L.  flaviguttatum.  Described  from  a  specimen 
!t  inches  long  from  Ma/atlan.  The  si>ecies  is  probably  not  rare,  but  has 
been  confounded  with  the  preceding,  (opalesccna,  opal-like,  referring  to 
the  (tearly  spots.) 

I.jithnilon  opaleteeng,  Jordan  &  Stahks,  Fishes  of  Sinaloa,  in  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 
45!t    1)1.  40,  Mazatlan  (Type,  No.  29C3,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mu;i.    Coll.  Hopkins  Exped.to 

Sinaloa). 

541.  ORTHOSTCECHUS,  Gill.      . 


u 


n 


(STHIPKD  GKUNT.S.) 


(hthostoechut,  Gill,  F/oc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1862,  2rw  {mncttlieauda). 

Tiiis  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Hivmulon,  diflfering  most  obviously  in  the 
iirraiigement  of  the  large  scales,  which  are  throughout  in  series  parallel 
witli  the  lateral  line;  the  fins  are  long  and  low,  the  gill  rakers  rather 
luiiiierous,  the  chin  projecting;  the  skull  not  essentially  different  from  that 
oniivmulon.    One  species.     (o/aOoS,  straight;  (jro?;foS,  row.) 


lA 


1680.  0BTH0ST<ECHV8  MACULIOAUDA,  GiU. 

(RONCADOK  UAIADO.  > 

Head  3i ;  depth  2^ ;  eye  large,  31  in  head  in  adult.  D.  XIII  (rarely  XIV), 
15;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  5^-51-11.  Body  oblong-elliptical,  not  much  com- 
jireswod;  the  back  little  elevated.  Head  rather  large,  moderately  pointed 
iiiiteiiorly ;  the  profile  nearly  straight  from  the  snout  to  the  nape;  snout 
short,  low,  rather  pointed,  its  l.-ngth  Si  in  bead;  mouth  small,  a  little 
<ibli(iue,  the  maxillary  extending  to  front  of  pupil,  its  length  2^  in  head; 


>  n 


1314         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


W: 


lower  jaw  slightly  includtMl.  Teeth  Hniall,  the  outer  and  posterior  little 
enlarged.  Preorbital  narrow,  itH  least  Itreadth  7$  in  head;  interorbital 
HpacA  moderate,  convex,  3]^  in  head;  preoprrcle  niodt-rately  H^rrute.  GUI 
rakers  slightly  longer  and  more  nnnieroiis  than  in  most  species  of  Hwmnlon, 
about  1(1  on  lower  part  of  arch,  the  longest  about  i  depth  of  preorbital. 
Scales  large,  very  uniform  in  si/,»<  over  the  body,  arranged  above  as  well 
as  below  lateral  line,  in  longitudinal  series,  those  above  lateral  line  beiu;^ 
everywhere  ])arallel  with  the  lateral  line;  soft  tius  scaly,  as  usual.  Dor- 
sal spines  usually  13,  but  sometiuies  14,  ratht;r  slender  a n<l  low,  the  longest 
2,'„  in  head ;  soft  dorsal  low,  the  longest  rays  HA  in  hea<l ;  cauthil  moderate, 
the  upper  lobe  l'{  in  head;  anal  rather  low,  the  longest  rays  not  reaching, 
when  depressed,  to  middle  of  last  rays,  their  length  about  3  in  head;  sec- 
ond anal  spine  stronger  and  longer  than  third,,  2^  in  head,  its  tip  about 
reaching  base  of  last  ray;  vcntrals  IJ  in  head;  pectorals  IJ,.  Frontal 
foramina  narrowly  oval,  wholly  He])arate,  some  distance  in  front  of  the  low 
Hupraoccipital  crest.  Color  dai-k  brown ;  each  scale  of  back  and  sides  with 
a  light  pearly-gray  spot  on  its  luddle,  these  coalescing  into  continuouH 
light  stripes  which  are  sharply  lielined,  one  for  each  row  of  scales;  head 
plain ;  tins  plain  grayish ;  a  large  dusky  area  on  base  of  caudal.  Its  pe<Mi 
liar  squamation,  rendered  more  noticeable  by  the  corresponding  features 
of  coloration,  gives  it  an  appearance  quite  distinct  in  this  genus.  The 
snout  is  shorter  than  usual  and  the  number  of  dorsal  spines  is  increased. 
In  other  respects  it  departs  less  from  the  usual  type  than  does  Lythrulon 
Jlaviguttatum  or  even  Hathystoma  striatum.  The  cranium  is  of  the  usual 
Hamitlon  type.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America,  Guaymas  to  Pananiii ; 
rather  common ;  here  deseribed  from  No.  29256,  U.  S.  N.  M.,  8'  inches  lon<;. 
from  Panama.     Length  about  a  foot.     ( macula,  spot;  cm uda,  tail.) 

Orthottatchut  maculicauda,  UiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liilii.  1862,  255,  Cape  San  Lucas 

(Coll.  Xantus). 
llaimulon  mazatlanum,  Stkinrachner,  Iclitli.  Notizen,  vni,  12,  pi.  vi,  1869,  Mazatlan. 
Jlcetmilun  mariiiiemida,  Steindachnku,  Ichtli.  Beitriigt!,  iii,  14,  1875;  Jordan  &  Swain. 

I.e.,  315;  EvERMANN  &-  JENKINS,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mu8. 1891, 152;  Jordan  &  Fesi.kr, 

I.  c,  480. 
IHabasU  mamlicauda,  Jordan  &-  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miih.  1882,  :)02,  372,  62^^. 


^'--^ 

jiiil  all  o 

mM 

J  or ;{  bla( 

the  brigh 

::^lH 

l'ili)in(t;in 

"^1 

;iii(l  relati 

.^\w9H| 

.'it  tlio  cliii 

fl 

1'  m;a('().n()D( 

1^1 

1/.  .Sijili'H  a 

,jH| 

//.   Doi 

542.  ANISOTREMUS,  Gill. 

A'iUotremu*,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1861,  107  (i!tr(7mtcM«). 
Oeni/tremua,  GiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  1861,  2,56  {bilineatus). 
Paraeonodon,  Blebker,  Arcliiv  Neerl.  xi,  272,  1876  (padfici). 

Body  ovate,  short,  deep,  and  compressed;  mouth  rather  small,  with 
thick  lips,  the  maxillary  rather  short;  inside  of  mouth  not  red;  teeth  in 
jaws  only,  all  pointed,  those  of  the  outer  series  in  upper  jaw  enlarged; 
chin  with  a  median  groove,  besides  smaller  pores.  Dorsal  spines  strong; 
soft  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  at  base;  anal  spines  strong;  cauilal 
mostly  lunate.  Scales  large.  Lower  pharyngeals  broad,  with  coarse, 
blunt  teeth.  This  genus,  like  Hdtnulon,  to  which  it  is  closely  related, 
contains  numerous  species,  all  of  thcni  living  on  the  shores  of  tro])i('ul 
America.    All  the  species  undergo  cousi«lerable  change  in  form  with  age, 


i 

|:,: 

i! 

M 

Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1316 


;iiiil  all  of  them  are  valued  an  food' fishes.  The  young  are  marked  with 
'  or  3  blacliish  h^ugthwiHe  stripes.  Those  disappear  with  age,  qiiiclcest  in 
\\w  brightly  colored  species,  and  persint  for  a  long  time  in  species  like 
//i7JH('rt/'.'/»  and  inlerntptu$,  which  agree  in  coloration  with  Ilwrntilon  parra 
Mild  related  species.  (rtV/doS,  nneqnal;  Tfiffna,  aperture,  from  the  pores 
;tt  Mio  cilin). 

lAWACoNouoN.  Hlt>ek«r  (TTopi,  lU'ur ;  Conodon): 
(I    Srali'rt  itliiivo  lateral  liiH<  in  HorittH  parullul  with  tlitt  lateral  liuo. 

h.  Dorsal  rtpineM  rather  low,  the  longeat  not  more  than  ^  length  of  lieatl;  Heeond 

anal  spine  about  J  bead. 

c.  I'eetorals  much  shorter  than  head,  not  reaching  tipH  of  ventral^;  dorsal 

rays  XI,  l.'l,  the  spineH  coni|)aratively  Hlender,  the  longOHt  J  bead;  eye 

more  than  twice  as  wide  an  the  narrow  preorliital.  i'Aoikici,  1681. 

CO.  Pectorals  a  little  longer  than  bead,  about  reaching  anal  fin;  dorsal  rays 

XII,  16,  the  Hidnes  Hhort  and  stont,  the  longest  2^  in  bond;  eye3, about 

i  wider  than  the  broad  prcorbital.  Cyjisii's.  168*2. 

III).  Dorsal  spines  very  high,  the  longest  Ij!  in  head;  second  anal  spine  very  btng, 

about  1|  in  head;  pectorals  much  shorter  than  head;   interorbital  area 

much  less  than  width  ot°  orbit;  snout  obtuse,  not  much  longer  than  eye; 

cleft  of  moutli  small,  the  maxillary  extending  to  front  of  eye;  dorsal  and 

anal  spines  ex(;eedingly  strong,  the  third  dorsal  spine  the  longest;  snout 

naked,  the  remainder  of  the  bead  being  scaly ;  each   ray  of  the  soft  tins 

accompanied  by  a  series  of  minate  scales,  covering  the  caudal ;  <uiudal  tin 

slightly  emarginate.  Duvii,  1683. 

.WISOTHRMUS: 

(in.  Sillies  above  lateral  line  arranged  in  oblique  series  which  are  not  ]>arallel  with  it. 
(/.  Scales  comparatively  large,  less  than  nine  in  a  vertical  series  between  lirst 
dorsal  spine  and  the  lateral  line;  coloration  olivaceous,  the  adult  nearly 
plain,  the  young  with  2  or  more  dusky  lateral  stripes  which  disappear 
with  age ;  fins  blackish. 
e.  Scales  5  or  6-52-15  (lateral  lino  with  49  pores) ;  scales  above  lateral  line  on 
anterior  part  of  body  more  or  less  enlarged,  especially  in  the  atlult. 
/.  Scales  above  lateral  line  not  much  enlarged,  about  0  in  an  obli(|ue 
series  from  first  dorsal  spine  to  lateral  lino;  p-otile  of  head 
anteriorly  rounded.  subinamenbis,  1684. 

//.  Scales  above  lateral  line  very  much  enlarged,  especially  in  the  adult, 
about  7  rows  from  first  dorsal  spine  obliquely  backward  to  lateral 
line;  profile  steeper  and  less  curved.  interruptus,  16K5. 

ee.  Scales  7  or  8-46-15  (lateral  line  with  54  pores),  scales  above  lateral  line 
anteriorly  not  especially  enlarged.  hicolor,  1UH6. 

(Id.  Scales  rather  small,  more  than  9  in  a  vertical  series  between  the  first  dorsal 
spine  and  the  lateral  line. 
(/.  Body  not  striped  longitudinally  with  yellow  or  blue ;  ]ireorbital  narrow ; 
gill  rakers  a;+13. 
h.  Anterior  part  of  body  without  jet-black  vertical  bar;  axil  jet-black, 
the  spot  encroaching  on  base  of  pectoral ;  a  round  black  spot  on 
base  of  last  vays  of  dorsal  and  anal;  body  dark  gray,   with 
obscure    darker    streaks;   fins   pale,    edge    of   opercle    dusky; 
])ectoral  long,  l^'g  in  head,  reaching  front  of  anal. 

8CAPULAHIH,  1687. 

hh.  Anterior  part  of  body  with  a  black  vertical  bar. 

i.  Body  without  lengthwise  stripes;  dark  humeral  bar  jet-black, 
extending  from  between  the  fifth  and  seventh  dorsal  spines 
to  opposite  the  lower  edge  of  the  pectoral;  edge  of  oiier4-le 
and  base  of  pectoral  black ;  pectoral  long,    daviusomi,  1688. 


f-nf-"' 


i. ' 


rm 


1316         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


w 


U 


llllriiir 


u.  l<(Hly  with  2  lengtliwiHu  Imnilfl;   liiinierHi  bar  UrowiiiHh;   w 
dark  caudal  spot,  and  a  Hpot  on  back  of  caudal  pednnch. 

8PLBNIATU8,  16811 

gg.  Body  with  longitudinal Htripoa  of  blun  or  j'ellow  or  both;  young  witli  :i 

black  blotrli  »t  baHO  of  cantlal;  pnutrbitul  broad;  gill  rakcr.s  x-\-M'. 

j.  Anterior  part  of  l)ody  with  2  broad,  dark  cro8Hl>arB,  tho  one  froiu 

tli«  nape  <iblii|uely  forward  tlirougli  *tye,  tlici  other  from  front  <'! 

<lorsal  downward;  behind  theHti  a  aorics  of  horizontal  stripr^ 

alti^rnatoly  yellow  and  blue;  imctoral  longer  than  liea«l;  secouil 

anal  and  foiirtli  dorsal  npintts  nearly  fi|ual. 

k.  Blue  Htripes  on   Hide  about  0  in   number,  very  distinct,  n<>i 

nearly  na  wido  as  a  Hcale;  tiharply  edged  with  darker  blur, 

their  width  about  J  that  of  the  olive  interspaces ;  addition;!  I 

blue  HtripcH  in  the  interspaces  faint  and  few ;  vertical  bamlx 

of  lieod  and  shoulder  l>rown.  T^:NtATU8,  Kiim. 

il-JI;.  IHue  stripes  on  side  as  broad  as  a  scale,  each  more  than  ^  Un- 

width  of  the  golden-yellow  interspaces,  and  each  very 

faintly  edged  with  darker;  vertical  bands  on  head  aiid 

shoulder  Jet-black.  viroinicus,  16!i|. 

jj.  Anterior  part  of  body  without  dark  crossoars,  the  boily  sometinus 

plain  yellowish,  the  back  usaally  violet,  with  4  or  5  yellow 

lines ;  silvery  below ;  snout  short,  not  longer  than  width  of  evr : 

dorsal  fin  very  deeply  notched,  with  feeble  spines;  second  ami 

third  anal  spines  equal  in  length;  body  a  little  more  oblon;; 

than  in  tunnatnensis.  sbrrula,  Ki'.ij. 

Subgenus  PARACONODON,  Bleeker. 
1681.  ANISOTREMUS  PACIFIC!  (Giintber). 

Head  3^^;  depth  2i|  to  2f.  D.  XI,  13;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  7-47-13;  secon.l 
anal  spine  2  iu  head;  fifth  dorsal  spine  2;  pectoral  4^.  Scales  above  lat- 
eral line  in  serias  parallel  with  it.  Dorsal  spines  rather  low,  the  longcfst 
not  more  than  |  length  of  head;  second  anal  spine  about  i  head;  pectorals 
ninch  shorter  than  head,  not  reaching  to  tips  of  ventrals;  eye  more  th.iu 
twice  as  wide  as  the  narrow  preorbital.  Body  compressed,  considerably 
elevated,  the  greatest  height  below  the  fifth  dorsal  spine ;  profile  rounded 
from  base  of  first  dorsal  spine  to  the  nape,  concave  over  the  eye,  descend- 
ing abruptly  down  the  snout;  interorbital  area  twice  orbit ;  snout  thick 
and  obtuse;  teeth  in  a  villiform  band  in  both  jaws,  with  an  outer  series 
of  conical  teeth ;  prcopercle  serrate  strongly  on  angle ;  a  posterior  notch 
in  opercle  between  2  obtuse  and  feeble  points;  soft  dorsal  about  as  hi;:h 
as  spinous;  second  anal  spine  long  and  strong;  caudal  emarginate.  Color 
dusky-grayish,  with  four  irregular  crossbands,  which  grow  faint  with 
age;  scales  silvery  with  purple  reflections;  membrane  between  the  scales 
brown;  fins  blackish.  Pacific  roast  of  Central  America;  a  small,  plnin- 
colored  species,  rather  common  about  Panama.    (Named  for  Pacific  Ocean. ) 

Gonodon paeijiei,  G(;nther,  Pro<!.  Zool.  Soc.  London  1864, 147,  Chiapas. 
Pomadatig pacifici,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1881, 385. 
AnUotremu»  i>arifiei,  HoiiDK^  &  Feslbr,  {.  c,  484. 

1((S2.  ANI80TBEMUS  C.ESIUS  (Jordan  &.  Gilbert). 

Head  34;  depth  2^;  eye  3^;  snout  about  3;  maxillary  3^.  D.  XII,  Ifi; 
A.  Ill,  9;  scales  6-52-13.  Body  ovate,  compressed,  the  back  rather  stron;;l,v 
arched;  anterior  profile  rather  steep  and  straightish,  gibbous  between  eyes 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  Norfh  America.     1317 


1 11(1  iilH<»  b«'hin(l  them,  slightly  depreased  al»ov«  eyes  and  at  nape;  ven- 
triil  outline  considerably  arched;  candal  pedunclf  niodi^rate,  abont  \  aH 
lull"-  as  head,  and  Honiowhat   longer  than  dee]i.     Head  abort  and  deep, 
,1,  ri)er  than  long;  snout  very  short,  blnut,  and  thick;  month  very  smnll, 
il,(>  iiiaxilhiry  not  quite  reaching  to  front  of  eye.    Teoth  cardiforni,  in 
liiD.'itl  bands,  the  outer  series  enlarged,  but  smaller  than  in  J.  pacijici. 
I've  laifje,  Hhorter  than  snout,  abont  i  wider  than  the  broad  preorbital ; 
lii.s  thick;  chin  with  a  median  furrow  and  2  pores;  lower  jaw  included; 
;intciior  nostril  much  larger  than  posterior;    preopercle  rather  weakly 
Mirate,  its  upright  limb  somewhat  concave.     (»ill  rakers  abort  and  weak, 
al.diit  10  on  lower  limb  of  arch.     Scales  rather  large,  arranged   as  in 
iriiited  si»ecies,  those  above  the  lateral  line  forming  aeries  parallel  with 
ill,'  back,  but  placed  so  that  the  crosarows  are  very  oblique;  soft  parts 
,if  \crtical  tins  almost  entirely  covered  with  small  scales;  series  of  scales 
;ils()  on  membrane  of  i»ectorals  and  vcntials;  scaly  sheath  of  vertical 
tins  well  developed.     Dorsal  fin  low,  rather  deeply  eniiirgiuate,  its  spines 
VI  rv  strong,  the  second  spine  slightly  longer  than  the  eye  an<l  Jt  the  height 
1,1  ili(^  third,  which  is  l>ut  little  shorter  than  the  fourth  or  longest,  and 
iiliiiiit  ^  length  of  head;  soft  rays  more  than  jj  height  of  longest  S]>ine8; 
iniiilal   rather  large,  m  derately  forked,   the  upper  lobe  somewhat  the 
loimt  r,  about  i^  length  of  head;  anal  rather  low,  itsdistal  margin  perfectly 
strainht.  vertical;  second  anal  spine  very  robust,  A  length  of  head,  i  longer 
than  the  third  ajune,  which  is  much  lower  than  the  soft  rays;  ventral  fins 
li^  ill  head,  about  reaching  vent;  )>ectoral  fins  long,  aubfalcate,  a  little 
loiitii  r  than  head,  nearly  or  quite  reaching  anal.     Color  in  life,  grayish, 
silveiy  above,  with  yellowish  tinge;  lower  ]»art  of  sides  with  indistinct 
darker  streaks,  formed  by  clusters  of  dark  jtoints  on  the  margins  of  the 
scales;  a  faint  dark  bar,  nu)st  distinct  in  the  youngest  specimens,  extend- 
iufi  IVoin  the  region  in  front  of  the  dorsal  to,  or  a  little  below,  the  base  of 
pectorals.    In  young  specimens  this  bar  is  as  wide  as  the  eye,  growing 
iiarniwer  below,  but  in  the  adult  it  is  scarcely  wider  than  iihe  pupil;  no 
trace  of  the  black  crossbars  seen  in  A.  dovii  Jind  in  A.pacifici,  nor  of  the 
(lark  spots  seen  in  A,  surinameuHis,  nor  of  the  blue  stripes  of  ./.  taniatas; 
vertical  fins  and  pectorals  dusky-yellowish;  distal  half  of  ventrala  and 
base  of  anal  blackish;  upper  part  of  head  dusky,  especially  between  eyes; 
lining  of  opercle  pale,  with  yellow  patches  in  life;   peritoneum  white. 
I'acilic  coast  of  Mexico;    known  from  3  specimens  from  the  harbor  of 
Mazatlau  and  1  from  Acapulco.     The  type  9*  inches  long.     (of('«»«8,  silver 

g'iiJ'') 

I'limadaniis  eatiiiut,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1881, 383. 

•2«;u !.  and  2it632,  IT.  S.  N.  M.    Coll.  C.  H.  Gilbert.) 
.[iii:.i,lri'iini»ca!giu»,  JoROAN  &  Feslek,  J.  c,  484, 1893. 


(Type,  No8. 2H158, 


>.>P 


1688.  AXIS0TREMU8  DOVI!  (Gimther). 


Head  3;  depth  2.  D,  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  '.);  scales  8-48-15.  Second  anal 
spintil};  third  dorsal  spine  1*.  Body  rather  deep  and  compressed.  Dor- 
sal spines  very  high,  the  longest  1^  in  head ;  second  anal  spine  very  long. 


fr:.,.!' 


1318         Dullctin  ^j,  Ifni'trd  States  A^ationaf  Afusrutn. 

about  1}  in  head;  pectorals  much  uhortor  than  head;  interorbitnl  nre:i 
much  less  than  width  of  orbit;  snout  obtuso,  not  much  longer  than  c.ve; 
cleft  of  mouth  small,  the  maxillary  extending  to  front  of  ey«;  dornal  and 
anal  spines  exceedingly  strong,  the  third  dorsal  spine  the  longest;  snout 
naked,  the  remainder  of  the  head  being  scaly;  each  ray  of  the  soft  Hun 
accompanied  by  a  series  of  minute  scales,  covering  the  caudal;  caudal  Hn 
slightly  emarginate.  Color  grayish-silvery,  with  5  Jet-bluck  cross1)aiiils 
in  the  adult;  fins  blackish.  A  stvoiif^ly  marked  and  handsome  specicH. 
Lengtli  1  f<»ot.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America;  not  rare  at  Mazatlan 
and  Panama.     (Named  for  Capt.  .lobn  M.  Dow,  its  discoverer.) 

I'rUtipnma  dovii,  (JDntheb,  I'roc.  Zool.  Sor.  London  1804,  2:»,  Panama. 
PomadanH  dovii,  Johdan  &  (iIi.hekt,  Proc.  T.  S.  Nut.  Mu».  1881,  386. 
Ani$otrcinut  dovii,  Jordan  &  Fehlrh,  I.e.,  484,  1803. 


iV'  I 


\)i- 


Subgenus  ANISOTREMUS,  Gill. 
1684.  ANISUTKKMIIS  SIBINAMENMIS  (Mloch). 

(Pompon.) 

Head  3;  depth  2^;  eye  4  in  head;  snout  2J.  D.  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  H  or  !t; 
scales  6-(9  in  oblique  series )-52-14  or  15,  lateral  line  with  49  pores.  Second 
anal  spine  1| ;  fourth  dorsal  spino  2;  pectoral  as  long  as  head,  lindv 
oblong-elliptical,  the  back  elevated,  the  profile  strongly  convex  at  niipc, 
becoming  straighter  anteriorly ;  interorbital  area  a  little  more  than  eve; 
snout  rather  sharp;  mouth  short,  lips  very  thick,  the  maxillary  extondini; 
to  anterior  edge  of  eye;  outside  teeth  of  jaws  conical,  notably  loiifjer 
and  stronger  than  the  others;  preopercle  evenly  serrate  on  vertical  e(l<ri', 
weaker  at  angle;  dorsal  aud  anal  spines  strong,  second  anal  stronger  and 
a  little  longer  than  the  highest  dorsal  spine,  about  i  head ;  soft  dorsal 
lower,  about  i  head;  pectoral  falcate,  as  long  as  head;  caudal  forked, 
Scales  above  lateral  line  arranged  in  obli(|ue  series  which  are  not  par- 
allel with  it;  8<;ales  above  lateral  line  on  anterior  part  of  body  more  or 
less  enlarged,  especially  in  the  adult,  fewer  than  6  to  8  rows  in  a  vertical 
series  between  first  dorsal  spine  and  lateral  line.  Adult  gray,  with  a  daik 
spot  at  the  base  of  each  scale  on  anterior  part  of  back;  iins  all  dark,  no 
distinct  opercular  spot.  Young  with  2  black  horizontal  stripes,  one  of 
these  from  eye  to  a  point  just  before  the  base  of  caudal,  where  it  is  inter- 
rupted, a  round  black  spot  following  at  base  of  caudal ;  another  8tri|ii' 
above  this  aud  parallel  with  it;  scales  of  anterior  part  of  back  more  or 
less  distinctly  marked  with  black  spots,  one  on  each  scale,  these  spots  not 
conlluent.  Lengtli  2  to  3  feet.  Tropical  America,  from  Florida  to  Brazil, 
recently  taken  by  Evermann  &  Hean  in  Indian  River;  perhaps  also  ocnn- 
ring  on  the  Pacific  coast,  aa  specimens  from  the  Galapagos  are  very  similar 
to  those  from  Cuba,  aud  perhaps  referable  rather  to  aurinamcnsia  tlian  to 
interriiptus.  The  S})ecies  probably  passes  by  degrees  into  Anisotremut 
interruptus,  from  the  Galapagos  northward.  This  species  is  the  most 
widely  distributed  of  any  of  the  genus.     It  reaches  a  larger  size  thau  tLtt 


s- 


Jordan  and  F.vennann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1319 


otliiTH  and  Ih  Hiibjoot  to  conaidorable  variation  in  Ibrni.  *     (^mrinamenma, 
Inmi  Surinam.) 

r^iiijnnut  lurinnmenrii,  HLorii,  lohthyol.,  pl.CM,  170t,  Surinam. 

Ilninei-ntruii  !iihbo»ii.'i,  Lacki*i;|'K,  Hltit.  Nat.  PoIhm.,  iv,  1144,  IHO.'t,  Surinam;  Hft«r  Ul.<>rii. 

I'ritiiiititna  hiUni-atnm  Vvvi&H  &-  Valknciennks,  IliHt.  Nat.  I'oiMg.,  v,  271,  I8;io,  Mar- 
tinique. 

I',!stii>i>iiw  mclanopterum,  Cuvieb  <fc  Valenpiennks,  Hist.  Nat.  IViIhh.,  v,  27;i,  1H30,  Brazil. 

Il,,'„iiili>ii  ohtumnn,  I'oEY,  MciiioriaH,  li,  182,  18110,  Havana. 

Il,niuil'iii  Idhridum,  I'OEY,  .Moniorias,  li,  419,  1801,  Cuba. 

i;i.itiliiima  nirinnmi-niie,  (UrviKii  &  Valenciennes,  UiMt,  Nat.  PoIbm.,  v,  27:i,  18.10. 

I  iiigntreiiiufi  hilineatxi*,  .loKUAN,  Pro<\  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.  180(),  31». 

X.iitiitremusnufinnmenitiit,  .Foudan  &  Fk.si.eh,  I.e.,  484,  18i»:i;  Kvkkmann  ife  Hkan,  Report 
,111  tlin  Fixheries  of  Indian  Kivor,  Florida,  Sonato  Uor.  4G,  .'>4th  Coii^;.,  •l^\  hah.,  22, 18117. 

IttH'i.  AMS()TKK.MI  S  l.\TKitKIU>TI'S  (Uill). 

(MOJAKKON.) 

il(>;i(l  ;{;  depth  2j^.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  8  or!);  8CttleH5- (7or8  in  «)bli([ne 
scries)  -52-11.';  poro8  48.  Form  of  Amtntremus  mirinamctixis,  tli«  profile 
Tiitlier  steeper  and  less  «Mirved ;  scalea  above  lateral  line  conHitlerably  more 
oiiliiijjed ;  in  other  characters  entirely  similar  t<»  A.  nurinamenaifi.  Adult  in 
lilc.  trrayisli  anteriorly,  yellow  on  posterior  half;  the  back  tinged  with 
liiMssy  olive,  which  ^^rows  darker  behind,  the  posterior  parts  pretty  dis- 
tiiutly  yellow;  tin  spines  gray,  the  soft  fins  olive,  the  iins  growing  dnsky 
iit  tip;  scales  on  back  and  sides  each  with  a  distinct  black  spot;  iris 
yt'llow.  Young  specimens  with  2  black  horizontal  stripes,  one  of  these 
from  the  eye  to  a  point  just  before  base  of  candal,  where  it  is  interrupted, 
a  rouiid  black  *'pot  following  at  base  of  caudal;  another  stripe  above  this 
and  piinillel  with  it;  scales  of  anterior  parts  with  round  brown  spots,  not 
coiillucnt.  Length  2  to  3  feet.  Pacilic  coast  about  rocky  islands  from 
Majiilalena  Ray  to  Panama  and  the  Galapagos;  probably  varying  into  the 
preceding,  from  which  the  Galapagos  specimens  are  hardly  separable.  A 
coiiiinon  food  lish.  (tnterrin>tii8,  broken,  from  the  lateral  stripe  in  the 
.vouiig.) 

ileiiiitirmiis  interrupt iii,  Gii.i.,   Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.   1861,  250,  young,  Cape   San 

Lucas  (('oil. .1.  XantUM). 
I'risHiioma/urthi,  Steinuaciinek,  Ichtli.  Heitr.,  v,  4, 1870,  Panama  (Coll.  Ignatius  Fiirtli) ; 

.IdUDAN  &  Gilheht,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1881,  ;i8.5. 
Auisotrimut  turinamennis  interniptuti,  JonoAN  &.  Fesleth,  I. c, 484, 1893. 

168G.  ANISUTRKNUS  BirOLOR  (CaHtelnau). 

(Mabia-Puieta.) 

Head  3;  depth  2,i.  D.  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  8;  scah;s  7  or  8-40-15;  lateral  line 
with.")!  pores;  eye  2^^;  smrnt  4^;  preorbital  4;  pectoral  1.    Scales  above 


♦  .1  iiindtremns  interruptui,  Gu.L.  Pacific  cua.<!t  examples  usually  have  the  scales  abo\ o 
the  lateral  line  a  little  larger  than  usual  in  Atlantic  8pecimen.<<,  but  this  ditt'erence  seems 
to  III'  variulde.  We  have  compared  specimens  from  Havana,  liahia,  and  Rio  Janeiro 
with  iiitcrruptu.i  from  Mazatlan,  Magdalena  Bay,  Panama,  and  the  Galapagos.  Specimens 
I'riiin  tint  Uiilapagos  are  darker  in  color  and  with  the  snout  rather  sharper  than  others  seen. 
Tlid.sc  I'rom  Galapagos  and  from  Rio  Janeiro  have  the  scales  above  the  lateral  lim'  a  little 
less  i'ii!ar;;(Ml,  9  in  an  obliijiie  series,  downward  and  backward  from  first  dorsal  .spine  (7 
ill  I'auitiua  specimen,  8  in  specimen  from  Magdaloua  Bay). 


li 


Hi 
■ii 


I- 1    P' 


1320  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

latorul  lino  anteriorly  not  Hpeciully  enlarged;  all  apeciniuDH  flxiiniiii.d 
with  .3  or  4  blnok  lateral  Htripea,  one  from  eye  to  nuar  Itaso  of  cand.l, 
where  it  ceaseH  abruptly,  giving  plaue  to  u  round  caudal  npot  as  in  tlio 
joung  of  A.  aurinamenais,  also  a  Htvipe  from  scapular  Hcale  to  last  d()r>.i| 
ray  forming  12  npotH  on  back  of  caudal  peduncle  (tliiH  Htripe  wantini;  >ii 
.1.  aiirinnmenHiH) ;  above  this  1  or  2  other  stripes  ])anillel  with  it;  o|ii  1. 
cular  membrane  black.  Anterior  profile  conHiderably  ntoepcr  than  in  1. 
aurinameiiais.  In  all  other  resiiects,  in  specimeuH  of  the  same  u^u,  tlis 
species  seemH  to  agree  with  .7.  ai(rinamettain.  Coaut  of  Hra/il.  Speoinii  ns 
examined  l)y  us  from  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  Itahia, "  and  Ceara.  AIho  found 
in  Cuba  if  Aniaotremus  Irilineatiia  is  really  the  same  Hpecies.  (bieolor,  two- 
colored. ) 

FrUtipoma  bieolor,  Castelnau,  Aiiiin.  Noiiv.  ou  KnreH  Amor,  dii  Sud,8,  pi.  M,  ^g.  2,  l-'.n. 

Bahia. 
fPnutipoma  trilineatum,^  I'OEV,  MciiioriaM,  ii,  34;t,  1801,  Havana. 

PHHipoma  braKilien»e,  Stkinuachneu,  SilzmiKHli.  k.  Akuil.  \V\hh.  Wicii.  180:t,  1013,  Balna. 
Anitotremut  bieolor,  Jouuan,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1800,  .110;  Jordan  &.  Fesleh,  I.  c,  [x:,. 

1687.  AMSOTREMUS  NCAPULAKIS  (Trtcliudi). 


m 


'i  111 


Head  3;  depth  2jt;  eye  1;  snout  1.  D.  XI,  14;  A.  Ill,  13;  scales  it  m 
10-51-10;  preorbitttl  oiiual  pupil;  maxillary  3j^;  pectoral  I,',,;  gill  raia'is 
10 -f  13.  Hody  ovate,  the  ba<'k  elevated,  the  profile  I'rom  ti])  of  the  short, 
blunt  snout  to  last  dorsal  ray  evenly  rounded ;  lower  profile  straigliici, 
angulated  at  end  of  base  of  anal;  wouth  moderate;  teeth  in  broad  bands, 
the  outer  in  each  jaw  longer,  close  set,  slender,  and  sharp;  preopercle 
rather  finely,  but  not  sharply,  serrate.  Scales  rather  snuiU,  more  than  II 
in  a  vertical  series  between  first  <lorsal  spine  and  lateral  line.  Dorsal  lin 
divided  almost  to  base,  the  tenth  spine  no  longer  than  first;  secontl  :in;il 
spine  stronger  and  a  little  longer  than  third,  lower  than  soft  rays;  (iindai 
forked.  Anterior  part  of  body  without  jet-black  vertieal  bars;  axil  jet- 
bhu'k,  the  spot  encroaching  ou  base  of  pectoral;  a  round,  black  S])ot  on 
base  of  last  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal;  body  dark  gray,  with  obseuie,  daiker 


r. 


;,'i 


*  A  B|>eoinien  from  Baliin  sliows  the  following  clmrncterB:  Pectorals  oharp,  1,V  in  licad, 
not  (iiiite  to  anal ;  second  anal  npint^  very  Htrong,  '.2,V  in  licad.  equal  to  longest  dornal  spine. 
Eye  large,  3  in  bead;  snout  short,  rather  blunt ;  profile  Hteup.  Dorsal  XII,  10;  anal  III, 
8.  Scales  53.  Gray;  a  black  median  line  on  back;  5  e(|uidi»tant  black  Htripes  a.s  wide 
as  interspaces  on  side,  straight  and  horizontal,  the  tirst  ending  undei  ninth  dorsal  siiinc. 
the  second  under  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  the  third  rniining  from  upper  edge  of  gill  opi-ninN 
to  last  dorsal  ray,  with  2  black  spot.s  behind  it  on  back  of  tail,  the  fourth  on  ii.\is  dt 
body,  ceasing  on  caudal  peduncle,  wit'i  a  round  black  .spot  behind  it  at  base  of  cauiinl  as 
large  as  pnpil;  fifth  stripe  very  obscure,  with  a  trace  of  a  sixth  one;  a  black  bloirlmi 
base  of  anal,  not  on  the  tin:  a  large  black  bloti^h  nearly  as  large  as  pupil  on  0])*'i(  niai 
flap;  2  silvery  horizontal  striiies  on  the  dusky  shade  of  cheeks ;  tins  plain  grayisli.  iIh 
ventrals  black,  the  anal  dusKy,  axil  dusky.  Scales  above  lateral  line  in  series  iioi  \m 
allel  with  it;  U  or  7  scales  in  a  vertical  series  below  lateral  line. 

\ Anitotremiis  trilineatun  (Poey).  Head  .'(}  in  total  with  caudal;  depth  3J;  D.  XII,  li>: 
A.  Ill,  8.  Eye  in  second  third  of  head.  Preopercle  well  serrate;  maxillary  rcailiiiis 
front  of  pupil.  Teeth  in  villiform  bfinds,  the  outer  enlarged  above;  snout  sciililos 
Dorsal  uotcued,  the  membrane  of  spinous  part  long;  secimd  anal  spine  longer  than  tliini, 
not  robust.  Color  golden  gray,  with  somewhat  oblique  streaks  aloiife  the  rows  of  scales. 
2  tiark  bands  alon^  body;  1  'from  snout  through  eye  to  a  dark  spot  at  base  of  cnmlal: 
1  on  the  back  to  tip  of' snout,  not  joined  to  its  fellow;  a  narrower  dark  streak  aldiii; 
lateral  line,  vanishing  behind,  extending  forward  to  the  eye;  tins  pale  yellow;  .siilrsui 
head  with  silvery  reflections.  Length. 70  in.  Havana  (Poey) ;  not  seeu  by  ua.  I'roliably 
young  oi  Amiotreimts  bieolor,    {trilincatug,  three-lined.) 


Jordan  and  livermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1321 


Ht milks;  fins  pnlu;  c(Ijj;o  of  operclo  dusky.  Const  of  Peru;  not  rnro;  sahl 
til  Imvc  (inco  b«^on  tiikcn  lit  Mu/utliin.  Wr  liavc  o\iuninu<l  Novonil  Hpi>('i- 
iiiriiH  Ironi  C'lillao.  It  Iiiih  tlio  Cfntrnl  por«>  at  tlio  iliiu,  Ww  failiiru  to  ihul 
\vlii<  h  lutl  Kiier  toplucf  thuHporit^H  in  Diaijramma.  It  HCfiiiH  to  bo  i(l«>ntiriil 
Willi  I'uturH' ty|)o  of  /'.  iiotattim,  pri^HurvtMl  in  tliu  niiiHoiini  at  lleriin,  thoii^li 
it  ilisajjieoH  with  J't'ltirs'  doMcriplion,  tlio  dorsal  rays  boiny  XII,  l'>,  not 
\VIII-I,  IT),  as  stiitod  )»y  I'cturH.  This  HpocioH  is  ]>robably  tiio  on«  poorly 
ilisrribcd  by  Tstliiidi  under  tim  iiiinu*  of  I'liHliiioma  ticafiuliirr.  It  is  w«dl 
(listiiifiiiisln-d  by  tho  (■«»Iur  niiirk,  wliicli  Iiiih  siiKKt'slcd  tht"  names  ««'(i/>((/ai'iM, 
iiiiiiiiionpilu»,  and  nolalKH,     {Ncajnda,  sboiildor,  from  tlio  shimldei'  spot.) 

lUistii'iima  seapularc,  Tsciirin,  Fuiiiiii  I't-riiuiin,  12,  1844,  Huacho. 

l)i,t'ttiiiiiiii(i  mi'lanon/illum,  Knkh,  SIl7,iin;;Hl>.  k.  Akiiil.  WiH.si'iuliiit'l  1H07,  4,  weat  coaat 

of  South  America. 
ri-;tili.oiiin  iiofatinii,  I'ktkus,  IIcil.  MoimlsW.  iHflO,  7iiO,  "  angeblich  aun  Mazatlan." 
I'liiii'i'iaiiiii  mtuloitKn,  Jordan,  I'roc.  Ac  is'ut.  Sci.  I'liili;     H8:),  '2)Ui;  nut  of  Tsc-'iiudi. 
.[Hlii"ti<  inun  Kcapulnris,  .Toiidan  \  Fe^i.kh,  I.  c,  48,'),  1H0;1. 

1»8H.  AMStnUKMIS  IIAVIDSOMI  (Stciiiiliioliiior). 
(SAIUiO  Uaiaiio.) 

Head  :ii;  depth  21  to2:i.  I).  XII,  Ifi  or  1");  A.  Ill,  U;  seales  ll-<;2-'Jl. 
Kvf  I',  in  beiul;  snout,'};  ])reorbilal  TiA ;  maxillary  3:^ ;  H(M-oiid  anal  spine 
L'{  t(i  -  '• ;  fourth  dorsal  2|',i ;  pectoral  J  or  oi|ual  to  head  ;  <;ill  rakers  1)  +  13. 
iiody  olong&to-ovate,  the  back  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  strai^^htish  to 
napt',  tiience  rej^iilarly  c(;iivex;  lower  i»rofile  Htrai;;ht,  angulatcd  at  anal; 
iiKiiilli  small;  teeth  setiibrm,  arran;>:ed  in  broad  bands,  beconiin<;  shorter 
bc'liiiiil,  lon;;or  and  stroiijjer  in  front;  dorsal  fin  deeply  notched,  the  tenth 
spine  twice  us  long  as  tirst;  seeonil  anal  spine  much  stronger  and  almost 
twiiM^  as  long  as  third,  higher  than  soft  rays;  caudal  forked;  pectoral  as 
ioiij;  or  longer  than  head.  .Scales  rather  small,  mor(i  than  9  in  a  vortical 
series  between  the  first  dorsal  spine  and  the  lateral  line,  (jirayish-silvery, 
(lurk  abovcs  with  many  dark  points;  a  very  distinct  Jet-black  cross-band 
on  liack  and  sides,  this  extending  from  between  the  tiCtli  and  seventh  dorsal 
spines  to  op]iosite  the  lower  edge  of  the  pectoral ;  edge  of  oporcle  and  base 
of  pectoral  black;  fins  otherwi.se  dull  yellowish.  Coast  of  southern  Cali- 
fornia, not  rare  about  San  Diego  and  the  Kauta  Barbara  Islands.  It  has 
not  been  taken  elsewhere.  (Named,  for  I'rof.  (ieorge  Davidson,  of  San  Frau- 
ciseo,  tlie  well-known  astronomer.*) 

rrUtliiiiiiia  (lavidsonii,  Steindaciiner,  Icbtli.  Beitriips  in,  6, 1875,  San  Diego,  California; 

.loitDAN  &•.  Gii.iiKKT,  I'roc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mim.  1881,  :i85. 
I'liiiiiuliiiijiii  davidsoni,  Joudan  &.  Gilhekt,  Synopsis,  .ISl,  1883. 
.inisDtmiius  davidsoni,  JoiiDAN  &  Feslek,  I.  c.,48C,  180;t. 

1089.  ANIKOTBKMUK  Sl'LENIATUS  (Poey). 

Mead  I  in  total  with  caudal;  depth  2.|.  D.  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  10.  Maxil- 
liiry  not  reaching  front  of  eye;  2  pores  and  a  groove  at  the  chin;  pre- 
opeiclo  with  small  spines  well  separated;  no  scales  on  snout;  teeth  in 


'  •'  liriiiiniit  /,ii  Eliren  ineines  liocliverolirten  Frouiides,  Prof.  (Ieorge  Davidson,  Priisi- 
(li'iitrii  ilcr  Ciilifornia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  welcher  uin  die  niiturliistorisclio 
Ki'fiir.scliiiii};  Califuruieus  so  bctleutcnde  Vordicuato  sicL  erworbeu  hat."    (Steiudachner. 

4     a030 6 


1   • 
1  , 

I 


W' 


T 


m 


:i '  i 


'1    '   : 


1322         Dulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

villiform  bamlM.  Fourth  tloiHiil  Hpino  3  in  doptli  of  body;  Hoi'tdoixi) 
low;  caudal  forked.  Cu'rat,  Hiioiit  rosn-cidorud;  rent  of  IxMid,  iiapu,  umI 
back  goldon-yullow,  n«  aro  tbo  holly  and  buHo  of  anal';  ruHt  of  body  h'til 
<-oh)r,  with  2  brown  haixlH,  IliHt  midway  hotwcon  lateral  lino  and  Imk  K, 
the  other  from  oyo  to  tail,  ondini;  in  a  black  Hpot  an  lar^o  aH  (>yc  at  b.i^c 
of  caudal;  a  gilt  Htroak  alon^  lateral  line,  another  along  belly,  thn  twn 
marking  edge  of  caudal  peduncle;  a  broad  bla«;kiNh  vertical  band  f'i<  m 
th'Ht  ray  of  dorual  to  baHo  of  pectoral;  linn  bright  orange,  CHpeciully  rim 
dul  and  anal;  Hpinoua  dorual  and  ventral  with  meuibranoH  blackiHh;  a 
dark  spot  on  median  line  of  tail  Itehind  dornal.  Iritt  brown.  liCngtl,  I 
inohoH.  Havana  (I'oey) ;  not  seen  by  uh.  A  HpucicH  of  uncertain  relation- 
Hbip.     (aidciiialnn,  bearing  patcdies.) 

I'l-intijioma  »i)Unialiiin,  I'oBY,  Mt'inuriiiM,  ii,  IH7,  IHOu,  Havana. 

1«(IM>.  ANISOTItKNlK  T.K.MATUN,  dill, 
(CATAI.rNA.) 

Head  31;  depth  2,'„.  I).  XII,  UJ;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  10-.'>6-17 ;  eye  3<  in 
head;  Huout  2J ;  preorbital  i;  maxillary  3^;  Becoud  anul  Hpine  1};  fomtli 
dorsal  Hpine  U;  pectoral  l;  gill  rakeru  8-{-l(i.  Itody  ovate,  the  bnck 
miH-h  elevated,  the  anterior  pntlile  Kteep,  convex  on  snout,  straightisli 
over  eye,  nape  very  convex  to  base  of  third  dorsal  spine;  mouth  moder- 
ate; thomaxillary  extending  to  anterior  edge  of  eye;  jawssultequal;  tcitli 
arranged  in  bands,  the  outer  much  enlarged;  about  10  gill  rakers,  besiilis 
rudiments,  below  angle;  dorsal  tin  high,  slightly  eniarginate;  Hpines  hIih. 
tier,  the  highest  slightly  shorter  and  weaker  than  the  second  anal  spiiio, 
whieh  is  more  than  ^  head;  caudal  emargiiuite,  the  upper  lobe  tlu' 
longer.  Body  with  about  6  longitudinal  stripes  of  brilliant  blue  on  abri<;iit 
golden  ground,  those  on  side  very  distinct,  not  nearly  as  wide  as  a  scaio, 
sharply  edged  with  darker  blue,  their  width  al»out  ^  that  of  the  olivf 
interspaces;  additional  blue  stripes  in  the  interspaces  faint  and  few; 
and  oblitiue  brown  band  from  nap«)  through  <'ye,  broad  vertical  bands  at 
shoulder,  these  much  less  distinct  than  in  .1.  virtfiiiiciis;  fins  golden  vtl- 
low.  Young  with  a  black  blotch  at  base  of  caudal.  I'acilie  coast  of  trop- 
ical America,  Magdalena  May  to  Panama.  The  most  brilliantly  colored  of 
the  genus,  common  on  the  Pacitic  coast  of  Mexico  and  Panama,  where  it 
replaces  the  closely  allied  Aiiiaotremua  virginivus.  The  dillerences  between 
the  two  species,  though  slight,  seem  to  be  constant,  {ratvia,  a  riblion; 
twniatUH,  striped.) 

Aninotre  11111.1  taniatiit,  Gu,i.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Plilla.  1861,  107,  Panama  (Coll.  ("iiiitain 
Dow)  i  JUKDAN  &  Feslkh,  I.  c,  480. 

IGUl.  ANIKOTKKNUS  VIItniNIOlIS  (Linnieiis). 

(I'ORKKIHH  1   CaTAI.INKTA.) 

Head  3i;  depth  2^\-,.  D.  XII,  17;  A.  Ill,  10  or  11;  scales  11-56-17;  en 
4i;  8nout2|to3;  preorbital-t;  maxillary 3^;  second  anal  spine  2, *„  ;  tliinl 
dorsal  spine  2^',[;  pectoral  1;  gill  rakers  7  +  l'>'  Body  ovate,  the  back 
very  much  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  steep,  slightly  convex  along  snout 


ami  over 
fxteiiiiiii; 
nliiHit  (> 
eiii.iigina 

iltl  ll     Npjll 

fniiii  iiapf* 

N|i:i''0   l)ef( 

uriv,  will 

^'iKiind  CO 

^'it'idiiial  t 

liiHiiiictly 

s|ir>  iiiien  f 

I'liim  liiwci 

M)iin(iii.s  dot 

lar-c  round 

K|iiiMiim  doi 

to  l;in(  ray  ( 

Ida  to  lira/ 

onlv  one  ex( 

rioiida.     (? 

tin-  nortiiwn 


hi, 


Jordan  and  F.vermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1323 


mill  i)v«.'  <'y<^  ^^^y  iniich  nrched  at  iiiipn;  month  hiiiaII,  the  mnxillnry 
('sti>ii<liii>{toantorior  lumtril;  ,iawHHiili(M|iml ;  oiitor  row  of  teeth  oiihirKnd; 
iihdiit  I)  Kill  rukerH,  beHJdim  riiiliinuntH,  lielow  an^hs  durmil  liii  low, 
,Mii  ir^iiiHto,  HpinoH  Blender,  tht^  biKhoHt  iihoiit  <m|ii»1  in  lougtli  to  HutMind 
all  il  Npiiio,  which  Ih  Ivhh  than  \  hu»il ;  cimuIiiI  forktMl.  ObIii|tiu  bar 
tVoiii  iiai*o  throiigb  ttyo,  uiitl  vortit-ul  bar  downward  from  tlorHal,  Jot-ldai^k; 
HiiMi  I)  Itiiforo  anterior  bar  ilot'p  yt-llow;  interHpaco  between  barH  pearly 
M|iv,  with  yellow  HpotH,  tbr  npotH  conlliient  above  into  a  yellow  area; 
irioiiiKl  color  <»f  body  plain  pearly  gray,  with  about  7  deep-yellow  l<»n- 
iririiilliial  Htripes;  the  pearly  int««rHpa«-e  not  ed^ed  with  darker  and  not 
(liHtiiictly  Idne;  all  <ht'  tins  «l(M*p  yellow;  iriH  ^''t  gray.  A  very  yonnj? 
spiiitiien  Hhowed  the  following;  <-oloration  in  life;  jiale  anterior  region, 
riiiiii  lower  Jaw  and  temporal  region  to  npinouH  dorHal  bright  yellow; 
HiiiiioiiH  dorsal,  ventralH,  and  front  of  anal  deep  goldm;  other  Iuih  pale;  n 
lin'ut'  round  jet-blaek  Hpot  at  Imiho  of  caudal;  a  dark  band  from  front  of 
HiiiiioiiH  (lorHal  downward,  and  2  black  Htripen  along  sideH^one  from  nape 
til  lirti  ray  of  dorHal  and  one  from  the  eye  nearly  to  the  caudal  Hpot.  Flor- 
idii  III  Hra/.il;  the  commoneHt  of  the  genuH  in  the  Went  Indies,  and  the 
onlv  one  except  .1.  HurhinmcnHiit  which  extendn  its  range  to  tiie  coaHt  of 
I'liiiiilc'i.  (Name  from  Virginia,  but  the  HpeeieH  dcx^B  not  reach  thuH  far  to 
the  northward.) 

liiiiilii'iiptijiihn,  MnliCdiiAVK,  HiHt.  llriiMll.,  148,  1648,  Brazil. 

.|,ifi"  I'iiiiiiio,  MAitciiKAVK,  lliHi.  ItriiHil.,  152,  1048,  Brazil. 

.sy„i,»\  rii-ijiniciiii,  I.iNN.r.i'H,  S.VNt.  Nut.,  x,  281,  17.18,  South  America. 

Si,iiiinrittatu»,  UUMil,  lohtliyol.,  tat',  203,  11^.2,  1701,  Brazil;  ul'ter  Maucouavk's  Acara 

liiiiiiita. 
Verea  i'llxi,  Hl.o(;n,  i.  c,  tat".  ;i08,  tig.  2,  1701,  Brazil;  iil'tcr  Makcokavk'h  (luutucvpa  juba, 
tirdiiiiiiinlfsiiKturilii,  lli.ocn  &  SciiNKK)EB,  Sy«t.  Ichthyol.,  185, 1801;  uKit  .s'/'ort**  viltatut 

of  151.1  )(H. 

'  I'ri'ylii'oiiia  rathariiifi;  CUVIKU  Sc  Vai.knciennks,  IIIhI.  Nut.  I'oisn.,  V,20!»,  1830,  St.  Cath- 
arine Island,  Brazil. 

I'risUiiiiiiia  roilo,  Cl'VlKlt  .V  Valbnciknnkh,  IliHt.  Mitt.  PoIhh.,  v,  274,  1830,  Martinique, 
B.a/il,  Puerto  Rico,  and  San  Domingo. 

rritliii'iiiia  acara pinima,  (lA.sTKr.NAr,  Aniiu.  Nouv.oti  Rtir<>H,  8, 1850,  Brazil. 

I'l-istiiiciiia  virjiiniciim,  QOnthkk,  (Int.,  1,288. 

AnuiitniiniH  virginicun,  tiiLL,  I'roc,  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  IMiilii.  1801, 107;  JuKUAN,  I'roo.  U.  S.  Nat. 

.Mtis.  1800,  310;  .TOKDAN  &■  Frhlek,  l.c,  480. 

I'omuduiiys  eirginictia,  .Tohuan  it  Uujieut,  Pnx).  U.  S.  Nat.  Mim.  1881,  385. 
KtUi!.  A.MSUTUKNrs  SKKItltLA  (Ciivier  &  VuIi-nchumeH). 

(Tf:TE  IIK-UOCHE;    1*KTITK-SCIK.) 

DiirHal  XII,  13;  A.  Ill,  !).  Kody  a  little  more  oblimg  than  in  Anhotre- 
miiH  xiirinamcnsiii.  Snout  nhort,  not  longer  than  width  of  eye;  dorsal  lin 
very  deeply  notched,  with  feeldo  npines;  second  and  third  anal  Hpines 
iMlual  ill  length.  Anterior  part  of  body  without  t..  ik  crossbars,  the  body 
soinvtinies  plain  yellowish,  the  back  usually  violet,  with  1  or  5  yellowish 
lines;  silvery  below.*     Martinique  (Cuvier  &  Valenciennes);  not  seen  by 


*Exi't'])t  for  the  prosence  of  tlio  groove  at  thf  cliin,  an  ini]ili«iil  in  tlio  dt'Hcriptinn  of 
Olivier  k  Viilencionuos,  we  might  siippoHO  Aninotremun  gerrula  to  bo  iilvutioal  with 
Oenyalrcimis  hiteui. 


l.'J2l  fiulli'tin  ^7,  United  Slates  National  Afnseutn. 


m 


iiH.     (Hrrnilii,  11  littlii  Htiw,  a  tninNlctioii  of  tlio  I'riwioh  iiiiiiin  "  I'otito-Hido," 
iiN<><l  lit  Martiiii<|iio.) 

I'lUtiimmit  ttrriilii,  Ci'ViKU  A  VAI.RNriKNNKM,  IIInI.  \ul.  PoUn.,  v,  27a,  18.10,  Martlnlqu'!. 
Vrinliiiomn  iiinnlnm.  CrviKK  A  V  ai.k.nciknnkm,  Hint.  Nitt.  riiUH.,  v, 'J72,  Martinique. 
AniKotnmim  »*rnila,  Juhoan  it.  .'.''kmlku,  I.  e.,4H7. 

543.  CONODON,  (.*uviHr  A  ViilitiicioiiiioH. 
Viiiwilon,  (/'I'VIKU  it.  Valknciknnkh,  lIlNt.  Niil.  PkIm.,  v,  IIMI,  IH:iu  (antittaiiiiii     hi  hilit). 

TIiIh  ^oiiiih  Ih  cIoHe  to  I'omailniiiit,  from  wliirh  it  Ih  H«|iHrtitt!(l  lt,v  the 
onlur){o<l  oiitfi' tot'tli  and  by  tliu  puiMiliar  annatiiri'  of  tlio  prt'opnclu,  wliii  h 
Ih  vtTy  Hliai'ply  Mtrrato,  tlu*  Horrii'  at  tho  any;l«)  uiilar^fd,  tlioNi*  Itufoitt  ilio 
aiiK;lK  tiiriifld  forward.  Kody  olilini^;  Hoft  rays  of  doiMal  aud  anal  iiiiut; 
or  loNH  Hcaly  ;  Httcoiid  anal  Hpiiiu  lar^e.  Anioriran.  (ncoyuf,  vouo;  oAuii', 
louth.) 

(I.  Mink  iliHiliictly  elt*VH(««(l  iiihI  (•oiMt»r«<MB»'il,  fli«  ilc|iMi  M,',  in  Imily:  iIoi'miiI  JIiin  low, 
t'oillili  ii|Mii«  llio  iitiip'Ni.  I'j  in  Iii'imI:  Iiiiik'<''<I  •Ioi'niiI  rii,\  '2[  ill  lit'iMl ;  iiiili'i'  li'i'lh 
llllicll  (!llllirK)'<l.  Nullll.lH,  UWU 

Htt.  Itiick  not  fli'Viilril,  tlio  ili'iitli  ;ij!  ill  IhhIv  :  ilorHiil  llii  lii^lior  tliuii  in  luihiliii,  I'oiiitli 
N|>iiii<  (Im<  Ioii){i>hI,  'J,',  in  lii'iu! ;  li)iiK<'NliliiraaI  ni,v  >l  in  liciiii ;  oiitfr  ti-r|li  liti||. 
I'nllkl-K*^)!.  HKIdUKKII,  li;',i| 

lim.'t.  (0.>'(»U4»>  MOIIII.IN  (I.inniiiiM). 

Iloiid  ;<,',;  depth  ;{,',.  1).  .\I— I,  i:{;  A.  111,7;  HraI«H  r.-.-M-IM.  hark  iIIn. 
tini'tly  rlt'vatod  and  <-onipruHHud,  tlio  doptli  about  fqual  to  longtii  of  IhmiI; 
dorHal  liiiH  low,  fonrtli  and  loni^uHt  npinu  I'j  in  li»ad,  lon^oHt  durnal  rav  l'| 
in  lioad;  Hecond  anal  spino  vrry  hin^  and  Htronj;,  hi);lM>r  than  the  suit 
rayu,  more  than  A  lunjrth  of  h(>ad;  Hecond  dorsal  Hpino  abont  ^  It'ii^th  nf 
third;  puctorals  narrow,  about  roacdiin^  vent;  tooth  of  oiitor  KcricH  imi- 
largod,  Htoiit;  ])reorbital  at  itH  leant  width  nion-  than  .)  diainetor  of  t^yn. 
Air  Idaddor  with  2  whort  horns  in  front,  ("(dor  Hilvery,  darker  above, 
with  H  dark  bars,  which  cxtmd  on  nUh'M  below  level  of  pectoral;  Hiijcs 
with  light  yellowiKh  HtreakH  in  life;  dorsal  HpineH  h:' very.  Wrst  Indies; 
coast  of  Texas  to  lira/il;  on  sandy  shores.  Length  about  a  foot,  'i'his 
speries  is  not  rare  in  the  West  Indies,  and  is  more  coninion  on  the  I'liast 
of  Hra/.il.     (iiobiUn,  noble.) 

Peieaiiiihilit,  Linn.ki's,  Sysf.  Nat.,  Kil.  x,  101,  1758,  North  America. 
Scitrnapluiiiieii,  IIi,ocil,  Iclitliyol.,  vi,  60,  tal'.  300,  17U1,  Martinique. 
Srhmacoio,  ISi.ocii,  i.e.,  pi.  307,  tig.  2,  171tl,  Brazil;  alter  Curoroio,  Maiicoravk. 
<J/ieiliidi]>ttrus  cliriiMojiti-ivs,  Lackim.dk,  lliHt.  Nut.  I'oisH.,  ni,  .'i4'-',  |»l.:i;t,  tig.  1,  180'J. 
Vinodon  antillnnun,  CmiKU  iV  Vai.E.ncmknnew,  Hist.  Nat.  Poins.,  v,  lliO,  1«30,  Jainaica. 
J'rintipoma  foro,  CrviEit  iV  Valen<jiennkh,  IliHt.  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,  200,  1830. 
Conodiin  pluiHieri,  (JCnthek,  Cat.,  i,  304,  18.')9. 
Oonodoa  nobilis,  Jukdan  &.  Feslek,  I.  c,  488. 

1»»4.  ('ONOI)ON  si;  It  Kir  Kit,  Jortlaii  &  Uilliert. 

HeadSif  in  length  to  base  of  eandal;  depth  Hi.     I).  XI— 1, 12;  A.  111,7; 
scales  6-53-15.     Hody  comparatively  «'longate,  elliptical,  little  compressed, 
the  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  regularly  and  nearly  equally  curved,  tln'  | 
back  not  much  elevated  and  nut  specially  conipn'ssed.     Head  rather  short, 


foninn  (t>f<f  Evermann, — Fi$hcs  of  Niyrth  Amerua.     l.*ll-'5 

iioimI  not  very  miito  ftiiJarlorly.  tim  prolllo  nnirly  HtrulKlit  iVom  Hiioiit  to 
I,., HO  (if  ilorHiil;  Miumt  «hoit,  iilutiit  imihiiI  In  1«<iikIIi  h>  tlio  Iiiik<'  oyi>.  :H  in 
li.'Uil.  Iiitororliitiil  itroa  IhoimI  iiml  i|iiit<>  tint,  its  width  II  In  Ik'ikI.  Month 
iiMidiaato,  Iciniiniil,  ol»ln|nt<.  tim  lipM  nioiloiut^ly  di^olopcd ;  iniixillitiy 
.aiiihImik  to  op|Mmit«  Iront  of  !•>••,  2\  in  ht'iul;  piriniixiiiiirii's  in  front  on 
I,  V  ,1  III'  iiiidiiio  of  (tyt).  'IVoUi  in  inoderatn  ImndH,  thoMo  in  thoontrr  m^rinH 
)iil.iiu»'d,  t»Mt  much  h'HM  MO  tlian  in  ('ohikIdh  mthillH,  thi<  ti"«>lli  NJcndrrcr 
III  II,  in  ih«  lattor;  '2  trotli  in  front  of  luwor  Jaw  HonMnvliiit  cunintdikn. 
I'll  iiiliitiii  iiiirrow.  itH  loiisl.  widtli  nhnnt  i  dinniotrr  of  uv<*;  Jiiwh  «i|iiiil 
ill  iront;  pruoprrido  with  ItH  poHtt^rior  niar^tin  Homt'whiit  conntvis  unnod 
with  strong  t)'«*th,  whi<  h  mo  dlriMtiMJ  hii(^l<  ward  and  Nonnnvhiit  n]tward; 
niiL'li'  of  |iriMipt<r('|c  witli  a  Htron^  Hpiiio  diriMtfd  harl<ward,  ItH  l*'n){tti 
iiliiiiii  \  IcnKtli  <d'  ('yis  h>wur  linili  of  pri'o|i«M-rle  with  Htron^  HpintiiiH 
ticili  (an  in  th«  Hpccie^  of  l'leilr»f>omii),  dirrrttMl  forward  and  downward, 
IM-Kiiiiiii^'  gradually  Niiuillcr  anteriorly;  noHtriis  Hniall,  ronn<liNh,  tlio  atiN^- 
riiir  l;ir),'«!r,     <iill  rakiird  ratln-r  Hh'nd»«r,  of  niodnratt^  h^nyth.     ScalcH  ratli«<r 

j, ijiirly  arranf;<!d,  tlioMo  ahovu  hitrral  lino  forniin)(  NoricN  parallfd  witli 

it.  uliirh  aro  Honiuwhat  lirokon  op))OHlt«t  tin-  an^nlation  of  tli«>  lattMai 
line;  Hniall  sralus  on  Huft  parlH  of  dorHal  and  anal;  doFHal  lin  low,  divldttd 
:iliii.i^l  to  hasi',  I  ho  H])ini>H  ratltrr  strong;  lirHt  and  himoikI  Hpin<-s  Hiiort 
Mini  slitiidor,  i\ui  Hocond  littlo  nion-  tiian  ^  tlir  h<^i){lit  of  tlin  third;  tho 
loiirili  or  lon^oHt  2},  in  liead ;  Hoft  dorHal  low,  ItH  lon^<tHt  rayH  l<  in  hoad; 
r;iiiil;il  siihtrnnuatc,  tho  nppt^r  rayH  lon^i^Ht,  \'l  In  huad;  anal  ratluM-  low, 
tlitt  si'Kind  Hpino  2  in  lirad,  niiiuh  longer  and  Ntron^^or  than  tho  third,  w  liich 
is  iiltli- low«'r  tlian  th«  soft  rays;  poctoral  pointed,  1  ,'„  in  head;  ventniln 
1 ;.  (  Oior  diiHky  blnish  ahovo,  »ilv«^ry  holow  ;  sides  of  hack  with  ahont  7 
Hhitit  Mark  liarH,  oaeh  nnich  iiarrowor  tlian  the  intoi'Hpact'H,  thi^  hint  nnder 
liiHt  I'iiyH  of  dorHal,  all  tunninatlnj^  holow  at  tho  lower  edi;o  of  the  dark  huo 
III' till' hark;  linH  all  pale.  Length  S  IncheH.  I.owor  California;  known 
only  liiiin  tho  <»riginal  typen,  ;{  Hpeciinuiis  taken  hy  l»r.  .Streetn  at  Hoea 
Solcdiiil.  It  in  ehmo  to  Conodon  iiohiUa,  h\it  Hluudurer  and  Boniowhat  dif- 
I'oriMit  ill  armature,     {iierra,  saw;  J'cro,  1  hear.) 

Cimmtnii  idimileri,  Stuekts,  Hull.  I'.  S.  Niit.  Miih.,  vii,  M,  1H77,  Boca  Soledad,  west  coast 

Lower  California;  not  of  CrviKii  &  Valkni'irnnkh. 
f'(m"i'"u.srcW/«r,.Ii>Ki)AN  \  ilii.iiKUT,  I'lmi.U.S.  Nat.  Miih.  18H'J,;t51,  Boca  Soledad,  Lower 

California  (T.vik<,  17540,  I'.  S.  N.  M.     Coll.  Dr.  Streett*) ;  .Jokdan  \  Kksi.eu,  I.  ('.,488. 


544.  BRACHYDEUTERUS,  (iiil. 

(IJt'lflUTo.S.) 

lUaeliiidiuti'Tus,  On.i.,  Phms.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiiln.  18fl'2,  17  {aiirihiii,  an  African  H])ccieB). 
Iltrmiiliiisii,  Steinhacmnku,   Iclith    N(»(i/.cn,  viii,   !>,  1801)  (eurvincf/onniM,  ;i   ISriizilian 

S|M  TICI*). 

Moily  ohlon^r;  scales  large,  thoHo  above  in  8eri«>s  parallel  with  tho  Int- 
(i.al  I  lilt-;  month  nmall,  outer  teeth  in  jaws  some  what  enlarged  ;  inside  of 
jawH  not  rod.  Anal  spine.s  Hniall  or  moderate,  the  second  little,  if  any, 
lun;rei>  or  Htronger  than  third,  and  lower  thau  tho  soft  rays;  soft  dorHal 
and  anal  largely  covered  with  nmall  scales;  dorsal  spiiies  12;  soft  dorsal 
I'oiuiKiratively  loug,  of  15  or  IG  rays ;  otherwise  essentially  as  in  I'omadaais, 


'  X  !  -3  Ji! 
I 

ill' 


'    '< 


■:;! 


1320         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

the  finH  smaller  and  more  Hcaly.  (/3/3a;ft'5,  short;  Sevrepoi,  second;  tlm 
typical  8pe«'ie8  {auritua)  Avas  placed  by  Cuvier  &.  Volenciennes  in  tho 
Scurnoid  gniins  Larimun,  from  which  it  was  supposed  to  diflfisr  in  the  shorter 
second  t'orsal.    Tho  name  would  better  apply  to  the  short  second  anal  spiuo.) 

a.  TVct4>ral  fliiH  nbort,  much  nliortor  tliiui  hitail ;  luiiil  Hpiiica  very  Hiimll. 
b.  I'rcorbitnl  iiurntw,  not  an  l»i,>a<l  uh  cyo. 

c.  Second  aiinl  spino  Hhorter  than  tho  third;  body  rathor  clongato,  tho  nioiiih 
Hinall,  tho  niaxilhir<'  not<|iiito  reaching  tVontof  oyo.  A  lai'ifo  bla<;kiHli 
roundod  bh)tch  iioarly  ari  liirgo  aH  oye,  beliind  tho  HiipraHcapnhi,  attlic 
oiijjin  of  the  hit«i-al  lino.  nitidis,  lOiir). 

re.  S<'<'<ind  anal  Hpino  about  equal  to  third  in  lungth,  but  Htoiiter,  3  to  ;!^  in 
head,  relatively  larger  in  Hmaller  HpccinicnH;  aditl'ime  dark  blotch  mi 
scapular  region,  very  faint  ni  the  larger  Bpo(;inieiiH. 

C'OUVIN/KFOBMIS,  IfiiKJ. 

lib.  I'roorbital  broad,  wider  than  cyo,  3^,  to  4  in  head;    anal  H])ineg  not  griuluaicd; 

maxillary  not  roaidiing  the  eyc;  sidcK  with  indiHtinct  dark  atrcAkn  or  noiif; 

no  dark  scapular  blotch.  i.eitcihcus,  Ifi'j?. 

aa.  Pectoral  flns  long,  nearly  equal  to  head;  prcorbital  broad,  about  as  wide  as  fyt'. 

Uody  rather  robust,  the  back  elevated,  the  ])rotl]e  even.    Axillary  bIot(;li  lar;,')', 

black,  cncroachhig  upon  the  rays  of  the  pectoral  tin.  axii.laki.s,  Wm. 

lOOA.  BKACIIYDKUTKIUTS  MTIDUS  (Steindachner). 

Head  3J;  depth  3;  cyo  HJ;  suout  ll.  D.  XII,  15;  A.  Ill,  8;  fourth  dorsil 
Hpino  2;  second  anal  spine  nearly  4;  pectoral  i;*;  scales  6  or  7-;>2-l(). 
Body  niodorately  elongate,  compressed,  t'o  back  evenly  arched;  hcud 
pointed,  the  mouth  small,  maxillary  not  reaching  to  cyo;  preorbital  n;ir- 
row,  not  so  wide  as  eye;  posterior  edge  of  prcopercle  finely  and  evenly 
serrate;  gill  rakers  short  and  slender,  about  7+10.  Dorsal  not  dee])ly 
notched,  longest  ray  Ijr  in  longest  spine;  anal  spines  very  small,  the  hcc- 
ond  shorter  than  third;  pectoral  much  shorter  than  head,  not  reach  in  •!; 
much  past  tips  of  ventrals,  which  reach  halfway  to  base  of  first  anal 
ray ;  caudal  Innate.  Silvery,  darker  above,  with  dark  streaks  along  the 
rows  oJ'  stales,  especially  distinct  below  lateral  line;  a  large  round  blotcli 
at  begirning  of  lateral  line,  about  as  largo  as  eye;  fins  plain.  Lengtii  10 
inches.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America ;  known  from  Mazatlan,  Paiuuna, 
and  the  Gulf  of  California,     (tiitulus,  shining.) 

rristipoma  (ITcemuloptii)  nitidum,  Stkindacuneh,  Ichth.  Notizon,  vni,  5,  pi.  .1,   ISGO, 

Mazatlan,  Mexico. 
Pomadatis  nitidus,  Jorhan  &  Fkslkb,  I.  c,  494 ;  .Ioudan,  Fishes  of  Sinaloa,  402, 1K9.'). 

IGOG.  BKAt^ilYDhllTKItUS  CORVIN^^FORMIS  (Stoindaithner). 

Head  3  to  3^;  depth  3^;  eyo  3J  to  1  in  head;  snout  2};  to  3.  D.  XII,  15; 
A.  Ill,  7 ;  scales  6-51-10.  Upper  profile  regularly  archea  from  snout  to  tail, 
the  highest  point  at  origin  of  dorsal;  lower  profile  nearly  straight  to  base 
of  anal;  prcorbital  slightly  less  than  eye;  maxillary  not  reaching  eye,  'i\ 
to3i^  in  head ;  anterior  nostril  oval,  twice  the  size  of  posterior;  preopertle 
finely  toothed,  about  20  teeth  on  upjier  limb,  increasing  slightly  in  size 
toward  angle;  dorsal  notched  almost  to  base,  fourth  spine  longest,  2^  t()2| 
in  head;  longest  soft  ray  (second)  equal  to  or  slightly  less  than  longest 
spine;  pectoral  pointed,  1^  to   1;|   in  bead;  ventral  broad,  the  margiij 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1327 


Ticarlv  straight,  inner  ray  \\  in  second,  which  is  2  in  head;  first  my 
lniiiiched  once,  slightly  filamentous,  other  rays  hranchcd  miicli;  second 
iuid  tliird  anal  spines  aboat  etpial,  3  to  3J  in  head,  relatively  larger  in 
Hinallcr  Hpeciniens,  the  second  stouter;  first  Hoft  ray  2^  in  head;  margin 
..(■  anal  slightly  concaA'e,  the  ladt  ray  shorter  thnn  second  spin»;  upper 
l(iiii'  (if  ctiiulal  longer,  the  difi'urcnce  nr^ro  noticeabh^  in  the  smaller  spcci- 
irii'iis,  li^  to  1^  in  head,  middle  rays  1;{  in  upper;  pectoral  scaly  at  base 
iiiilv,  other  tins,  except  spinous  dorsal,  more  or  less  completely  scaled,  a 
iiai  row  Hheath  of  scales  on  sides  of  dorsal  and  anal,  siippIementoTy  Hcales 
nliulitly  developed  in  axil  of  vontnils;  least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  1^ 
to  1';  in  the  length  from  below  end  of  dorsal,  its  length  being  e<|ual  to 
inidillo  caudal  rays;  lateral  line  and  rows  of  scales  above  it  concentric 
Willi  b.tck,  scales  below  lateral  line  in  Iioii/outal  rows.  Color  in  alcohol: 
Diuk  olive  above,  lower  sides  more  or  less  silvery,  the  larger  specimens 
iiiiii'li  the  lighter;  a  dark  line  ahmg  each  row  of  scales  below  lateral  lino, 
tlicHO  rather  indistinct  in  larger  specimens;  scales  above  lateral  line  with 
(luiK  centers,  these  not  forming  distinct  lines;  a  diifuse  dark  blotch  on 
sciijiular  region,  very  faint  in  the  larger  spe<-imens;  pectorals  colorless, 
otln  (ins  ])unctate,  the  margins  very  dark.  There  is  considerable  varia- 
tion in  the  ground  color,  the  larger  specimens  being  distinctly  silvery, 
Honii- of  tlie  smaller  heavily  washed  with  olive  and  having  the  scapular 
lilot(  h  more  developed.  Our  specimens  differ  from  Steindachuer's  descrip- 
tion in  iiaving  a  rather  shorter  maxillary,  not  reaching  eye,  narrower  pre- 
oi'bital,  and  a  blotch  on  scapular  region.  They  are,  however,  probably 
not  specifically  distinct.  West  Indies  to  Bra/il;  here  described  from  5 
spciiinens  54  to  TA  inches  long,  collected  at  Kingston,  Jamaica,  by  Mr. 
Joseph  Seed  Roberts.     (C'omwa,  a  synonym  of  Sciwna;  forma,  form.) 


Wi 


}[(r>iviliin  cormnceforme,  Steindachnek,  Ichth.  Notizcii,  vil,  16, 1868,  Santos,  Brazil. 
i'ii»i«(/(i»i#<;oj't)uia/or»nt»,  Jordan  ic  Feslgb,  .Sparoitl  FIhIics,  495, 1893. 
lifadtjidcutenti  corvin<xformit,  Jokoan  St.  ItUTTEB,  Fishes  of  Juinaica  in  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sii.  Phila.  1897, 110. 


1097.  ItKACIIYDEUTEKUS  LEVCISCUS  <Giiutlier). 

(BUURITO.) 

Head  3;  depth  3  to  3^.  D.  XII,  14  to  16;  A.  Ill,  7  or  «;  scales  6-52-12; 
preorbital  3.J  to  4  in  head;  orbit  4;  snout  3;  maxillary  3';;  fourth  dorsal 
Hpint^  \l  in  head;  second  anal  spine  variable,  from  3  to  4;  pectoral  1^; 
upper  cau«^al  lobe  1^.  Hody  moderately  elongate,  deepest  at  shoulders; 
prolile  steep,  but  not  greatly  curved,,  sl'gbily  concave  above  eyes;  mouth 
small,  lower  jaw  slightly  included,  maxillary  not  reaching  front  of  eye; 
prcorbital  wider  than  eye,  iuterorbital  flattish,  21  orbit ;  preopercle  sharply 
serrated;  'dll-rakers  about  half  pui)il,  5-f  12.  Dorsal  <leeply  notched,  the 
hist  spine  about  twice  as  long  as  next  to  last;  fourth  sjdne  longest,  ^ 
longer  than  longest  ray;  second  anal  spine  stouter,  not  much,  if  any, 
sliorter  than  third,  its  tip,  when  depressed,  reaching  base  of  last  ray; 
pectoral  short,  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals,  but  not  to  vent;  upper 
lobe  of  caudal  the  longer.     Color  grayish-silvery;  a  liglit  lateral  baud, 


1. 


■'1 

^i. 

h 


1328         Dtillctin  //,  Uniied  States  National  Museum, 


!■     ..  \\ 


VS\ 


al.oiit  Olio  scale  in  width,  beginuiiig  at  posterior  margin  of  operclo  and 
extending  backward  in  a  direct  line,  meeting  the  lateral  line  under  pos- 
terior fourth  of  soft  dorsal,  tlienco  continuing  to  base  of  caudal  chiully 
below  lateral  line;  center  of  each  scale  in  the  band  with  a  faint  dark 
1)lotch,  these  forn^ng  a  rather  distinct  darker  line  througli  the  mid- 
dle of  the  light  one;  3  other  faint  dark  bauds  along  side,  1  above  and  2 
below  the  light  band;  opercle  with  a  yellowish  tinge,  a  dark  spot  at 
angle;  fins  all  light  yellowish,  soft  dorsal  mottled  with  blackish;  a 
faint  blotch  on  axil  of  pectoral.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America;  very 
common  at  Ma/atlau  and  Panama,  south  to  northern  Peru;  <|nite  variaMo 
in  depth  of  body,  wid^h  of  preorbital,  and  length  of  spines.  Hero  descri'x'd 
from  a  specimen  9  inches  in  length,  from  RioMulcge,  Lower  California. 
(leuciacue,  a  chub  or  shiner,  from  Aevho?,  Avhite.) 

J'riiitipowa  leuciicus,  G(3nther,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London  18C4, 147,  San  Jose  de  Nicaragua, 

Chiapas. 
Prittipoma  leuciseun,  var.  elonpatuii,  Steindachneii,  Neiie  iind  aelteno  l-'ischo  ana  deni  k.  k. 

Museum,  30,  52,  ]»1.9,  tig.'i,  1879, Tumbez,  west  coast  of  South  America;  an  clonjiati' 

Mpccimcn,  probably  of  the  same  species. 
Pomadasi/t  leiiciscus,  Jordan  &  Gii.iiebt,  rroc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1881,  ;)87. 
romadanis  sloiigatun,*  Jordan  &  Giluekt,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1882, 3.'>2;  specinunis  wiili 

slender  l>ody  iniil  narrow  preorbital ;  Eveumann  &  Jenkins,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1^91, 

150;  JOKDAX  it  Fesi.kb,  i.  c.,495. 
Poinadans  lettciscus,  Jordan  Jit  Fesi.er,  I.  c,  495;  Jordan,  Kishos  of  Sinaloa,  4G2, 189."). 

'.«9H.  niUi;IIYI>»:UTKRV8  AXILI  4RIS  (Steindmhiior). 

(BuRuo  Blanco.) 

HeadSf ;  depth  3|;  D.  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  9;  scales  6-50-10.  Body  rather 
robust,  compressed,  the  l»ack  moderately  arched ;  dorsal  fin  deeply  notched ; 
preopercle  with  small  serriu ;  suprasoapula  finely  serrate ;  preorbital  broad, 
about  as  wide  as  eye;  anal  spines  small  or  moderate,  the  second  little,  if 
any,  longer  or  stronger  than  third,  3A  to  4  in  head ;  anal  lower  than  the  Hott 
dorsal;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  largely  covered  with  small  scales;  pectoral 
fin  long,  nearly  equal  to  head.  Color  grayish-silvery,  with  light  and  dark 
stripes  along  rows  of  scales,  these  sometimes  obscure;  fins  unspotted; 
body  with  faint  dark  crossbauds;  back  and  sides  with  dark  striites 
formed  by  dark  spots  along  the  rows  of  scales ;  a  large  inky-black  axillary 
blotch,  encroaching  on  the  rays  of  the  pectoral  fin,  a  color  mark  by  which 
the  species  may  be  known  .at  once.  Length  nearly  a  foot.  Pacific  coast 
of  Mexico;  not  rare,  but  known  only  from  about  Mazatlan  and  Guaynias. 
{axillari8,  from  the  black  axillary  spot.) 

Pristipoma  axillare,  Steindachner,  Ichtli.  Notizcn,  vni,  7,  1869,  Mazatlan. 
Pomadatia  axillaris,  Evermann  &  Jenkins,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1891,  151;  Jordan  >v 
Fesleh,  {.  c,  494;  Jordan,  Fishes  of  Siui'ioa,  402, 1895, 

*  The  specimens  called  elomjatus  by  Jordan  &  Gilbert  differ  somewliat  from  tlio  elon<jiitus 
of  Steindachner.  Renewed  coinpanson  of  many  exainides  leads  us  to  the  conclusion  tli.at 
the  s])eciiuens  named  leueitcus  and  elongatue  are  simply  rather  extreute  forms  of  oui> 
Hitecies. 


M  I 


Jordan  and  Evermami. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1329 


545.  POMADASIS,   Lacoptde. 

(BCKROS.) 

I'lmiailaiit,  LArftpfcnK,  Hist.  Nitt.  roias.,  i\,  516,  ISOIt  (ariimleut). 
li t  ji I i»tii>omes,  CuviKH,  JJinno  Aiiiiiml,  Ed.  1,  27U,  1817  (haUa,  etc.). 
/ 'Mty/^of/ia,  Oki'n,  lHi»,  1817  (ha»ta). 

frUtijinwa,  Clvikii,  Kt'siio  Animal,  Kd.  2,  ii,  170,  1829  (hasta,  etc.). 
rinucitt,  .loBr)AN  &  EVERMANN,  Clicck-LiHt,  :tH7,  1800  (patian^.nniu). 
i;hniici$cu»,  JoUDAN  kt  EVEHMANN,  Clieck-LiHt,  ;t87,  18!t6  (c/'ocro). 

Txidv  oblong,  80inewhat  coinpresHed,  tbo  back  not  nmcb  olovated ;  montb 
nitlior  Hiiiiill,  toiniiiial,  low,  tbe  lipM  tbin;  maxillary  uHually  not  extouding 
to  (i])i)08ito  tbo  eyo,  its  tip  not  rcacbing  the  posterior  edge  of  tho  broad 
inforltitiil;  premaxillarios  x)r(>tractile;  teetb  on  jaws  only,  in  villlfonn 
liiiiids,  snbequal,  or  tbe  outer  Hcrioa  in  upper  jaw  more  or  less  enlarged; 
iKi  rud  on  tbo  jawa;  a  central  groove  boliind  tbo  sympbysis  of  tho  lower 
jaw;  cliecks  and  opercles  scaly;  preopercle  ratber  distinctly  serrate,  tbo 
sciiii'  below  not  turned  forward;  suprascapula  serrate;  scales  large,  tboso 
iihiivo  lateral  line  in  scries  parallel  witb  it;  no  small  scales  at  base  of 
tbe  otliers;  soft  domal  and  anal  fins  naked,  or  witb  a  very  few  scales 
at  liiiso;  dorsal  (in  emarginate,  tbe  spines  strong,  11  to  13  in  number,  tbe 
soft  rays  11  to  11 ;  anal  (in  of  7  or  8  soft  rays,  sbort,  witb  tbe  second  spine 
always  very  strong;  gill  rakers  feeble,  few  in  number;  caudal  lunate, 
loilitHl.  Tbis  genus  is  composed  of  small  sboro  fisbes,  some  of  its  repre- 
stiitiitives  being  found  in  most  tropical  seas.  Several  of  tbo  species  enter 
licsli  waters,  and  perbaps  belong  t(t  the  brackish- water  fauna.  Numerous 
spocies  are  found  on  tbo  west  coast  of  Africa  and  about  tbo  Capo  Yerde 
IsbiiidH,  but  so  far  as  known  none  enters  Kuroi»ean  waters,  (nchfia,  oper- 
culum; dadvi,  rough,  hence  more  correctly  written  Pomadasya.) 

KiiENciuis  CpeyKoi;,  or'puyKO(!,  snoring,  hence  l{(mehv»,  Uunco,  lioncador): 

a.  'I'eetli  in  both  Jaws  in  villUbrm  bands,  tli«»  outer  series  not  at  all  enlarged ;  preo- 
percle with  weak  scrratnres;  dorsal  spines  12. 
/(.  Third  dor.sal  s|>ine  produced,  much  longer  than  the  otliers,  about  half  length  of 
head  ;  second  anal  spino  somewhat  shorter ;  profile  convex ;  scales  nearly 
sniooth ;  ])ectoral  lin  very  long,  as  long  as  head.  Odor  silvery,  lower  tins 
white;  a  distinct  dark  blutcli  on  ojicrclo  and  a  fainter  one  on  sides  below 
spinous  dorsal.    IJody  rather  robust.  tanamensis,  lt)99. 

art.  Teeth  in  botli.jaws  in  villiforni  bandH,  those  in  the  outer  scries  in  the  upper  Jaw 
more  or  less  enlarged;  i>reopercle  sharply  serrate;  caudal  fin  lunate  or  trun- 
ciitc,  the  lobes  short. 

I'KI.STII'OMA  (Trpto-Tijs,  saw ;  nrnfia,  operculum): 
c.  Dorsal  spines  XII;  preorbital  broad. 

d.  Mouth  large,  maxillary  reaching  to  anterior  third  of  ey.?,  about  2§  in 
head. 
e.  Scales  rather  small,  8-.'>6-20.  Body  elongate-elliptical,  compressed, 
somewhat  elevated  at  napo;  anterior  profile  straight  from  nape 
to  end  of  snout;  snout  produced,  blunt,  rounded;  dorsal  spines 
low,  the  longest  2|  in  bead;  second  anal  spino  very  long,  I3  in 
head  :  pectoral  short,  not  reaching  vent.    Coloration  uniform. 

HAYANU8,  1700. 
ee.  Scales  still  smaller,  65  in  a  longitudinal  series;  body  elongate;  maxil- 
lary extending  a  littlo  beyond  front  of  eye;  anal  spines  strong, 
tbo  second  three-lburths  the  depth  of  body.    Color  nearly  plain ; 
silvery  below.  I'KODUCTUS,  1701. 


<■  p. 


I! 


i  t 
1  u 


.^1 


Ill 


1330         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1^  '' 


^•:i 


3 
•i 
J' 


dd.  Mouth  email,  tlio  maxillary  not  roaching  beyond  anterior  edge  of  orbit 
abont  3}  in  bead;  pectorals  long,  1)  in  head;  scaloH  large,  45  to  4h 
Body  ovate-clonKato,  coinprcsHed,  considerably  elevated  at  nape 
anterior  prolllu  struiglit  or  Hlightly  concave  from  nape  to  point  oi' 
Hnoiit;  Mioiit  sliarp  and  pointed. 
/.  Kye  4.J  in  head;  dornal  tin  very  deeply  notched,  tlie  spineH  loii^' 
an<l  Htron;;,  the  longeHt  alioiit  2  in  liead  ;  seeond  anal  spine  vei',\ 
long  and  strrtig,  altoiit  2  in  bead;  pectoral  long,  reacliing  a 
liltio  btyond  tlio  vent,  about  3J  In  body.    Coloration  dusky, 
witli  a  nietatlie.  liist«*r  above,  lightt^r  l>elow;  back  with  about  I 
dusky  transverse  bands  extending  to  level  of  pectoral. 

MAHIIACANTHUS,  1702. 

ff,  Kye  'A^  in  bead;  scc<uid  anal  spine  more  than  half  liead,  loUKn' 
tlian  fourth  do  sal  spine.  anukei,  17u:t. 

UiioNCisrrs  (diminutive  of  poyKot,  grunter) : 
ec.  Dorsal  spines  XIII;  preorbital  narrow. 

g.   Mody  moderately  elongate,  the  depth  2J  to  3  in  length. 

/(.  Snout  pointed,  3}  in  bead.  ISody  elongate,  compressed,  the  back 
elevated,  high  at  the  nape,  the  anterior  profile  rather  irregular 
varying  with  age;  a  more  or  loss  distinct  frontal  depression 
aoove  eye  in  old  specimens ;  mouth  snuill,  the  maxillary 
barely  extending  to  the  anterior  edge  of  orbit;  lower  jaw 
included;  scales  rather  large,  (i-54-16,  those  above  the  lateral 
line  parallel ;  dorsal  tin  moderately  notched ;  second  anal  spine 
very  strong  and  long,  reaching  past  tip;  of  all  the  rays;  pec- 
toral short.  Color  rather  plain,  about  3  or  4  ill-detlned  long! 
tudiual  dark  stripes  along  sides,  one  from  point  of  snout  In 
middle  of  base  of  caudal.  ciiocuo,  1701. 

/(/(.  Snout  longer,  moderately  pointed,  about  3  in  head;  iKMly  elongate, 
ovate,  compressed,  the  back  elevated,  depth  about  3  in  lengt  li : 
pectorals  rather  long,  1^  in  head;  anterior  |)roflle  steep  ami 
conv«<x  over  snout,  dejiressed  above  eye,  becoming  slightlv 
convex  at  nape ;  top  of  head  with  a  slight  depression ;  nioutli 
small,  the  maxillary  barely  reaching  to  the  anterior  ed^i' 
of  eye;  preorbital  very  narrow;  eye  very  large,  about  3  in 
head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  sl'ghtly  scaly  at  base;  dorsal  liii 
only  moderately  natched,  t!  e  soft  part  much  shorter  and 
lower  than  the  spinous  ]iortion ;  dorsal  spines  very  high  and 
stout,  fourth  1^  in  head;  second  anal  spine  very  long  and 
strong,  li!  in  bead;  pectoral  long;  caudal  slightly  lunate. 
Color  uniformly  silver-gray,  the  base  of  each  scale  slightly 
darker.  branicki,  170.>. 

gtj.  licsly  very  long  and  low,  compressed,  the  back  little  elevated,  the 
depth  about  3g  in  length;  pectorals  shortish,  1^  in  head.  Second 
anal  spine  very  long,  1^  in  head;  anterior  profile  irregular, 
striiightish  over  snout,  slightlj'  convex  above  eye,  occiput  con- 
cave, convex  at  nape;  mouth  moderate;  maxillary  reaching  to 
front  of  pupil;  teeth  at  angle  of  proopercle  almo.st  spin.y;  o.ve 
large ;  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  naked  or  slightly  scaly ;  dorsal 
fin  only  slightly  notched,  the  soft  part  about  half  as  long  as  8))in,v 
portion;  dorsal  spines  very  stnmg ;  second  anal  spine  very  Ion;:, 
reaching  heyoiul  tips  of  last  rays.  Color  of  body  metallic  grayisi'- 
golden,  with  indistinct  streaks  and  bands;  belly  lig'  ..er;  tins 
dusky.  KAMOSU8,  17o(i. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Ametica.     1331 


Subgenua  RHENCUS,  Jorilan  Sl  Evornianu. 
ltt»0.  POMADASIS  IM^'AMKXNIN*  (Stoiiiilachnor). 

II.'iul  2i  to  2J;  depth  2i|  to  2,^  D.  XII,  13.  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  7-48-12; 
ovf  l  in  lieiul;  preorbital  (1«^cp,  ahout  as  bronrt  as  eye;  iiiterorbital  41; 
iii.ixillury  3.  Uody  robust,  somewhat  coiiipiesHcd,  the  back  i^lovated,  the 
niiterior  profile  conv<'x ;  mouth  rather  Iar|;e,  oblique.  Teeth  '.^  upper  jaw 
ill  liioad  villiforui  bauds,  i\w  outer  teeth  uot  enlaijLred;  lower  jaw  project- 
iii^S  preoperclo  very  wealdy  serratt^;  Hupras<-apula  nearly  eutire.  Third 
(I.irHMl  spine  strong,  considerably  produced,  much  lonjrer  than  the  fourth, 
Miiil  more  than  twice  lenj^th  of  second,  about  ^  length  of  head;  second 
anal  spine  somewhiit  is'.orter,  but  strong,  much  larger  an<l  longer  than 
tliini,  not  reaching  tips  of  last  ray  when  de])re88od;  caudal  lunate.  Gill 
ijikciH  short  and  slender,  fi-|-12;  scales  nearly  smooth;  pectoral  tin  very 
loil^c,  falcate,  as  long  as  head.  Color  grayish  silvery;  young  with  (J  very 
liiint  cross  shades,  one  of  these  below  spinous  dorsal  appearing  as  a  round- 
\a\\  «liirk  spot;  lower  fins  white;  a  distinct  dark  blotch  on  opercle  and  a 
laiiitor  one  on  sides  below  spinous  dorsal.  Length  14  inches.  Pacific 
co.'ist  of  tropical  America;  a  woll-uuirked  spet^ies,  common  at  both  Panama 
an<)  Ma/atlan.     (Name  from  Panama). 

I'listiiiomapanainenti',  Steindachneh,  Irlitli.  lioitriigr,  ni,  8,  1875,  Panama. 
I'„madati»  jtanavwnsiH,  J(jhuan  &  FesLUR,  2.  c,  404. 

Subgenus  PRISTIPOMA,  Cuvior. 

1700.  POMADASIS  BAYAMIS,  Jonliui  <V-  Kvennaim,  now  ftpooicf). 

I[caa2i;  depth  3i;  scales  8-5(5-20 ;  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  eye  5  in  head; 
prtMirbitalti^;  snout  3^;  maxillary  2)};  pectoral  5  in  body ;  4th  dorsal  spine 
2'f ;  second  ans.1  spine  1|;  soft  dorsal  2^  in  s]nnous.  Itody  elongate-elli|>- 
tical,  coniprdssed,  somewhat  elevated  at  napti ;  auteriorprotile  straight  from 
iiiipe  to  end  of  snont;  snout  produced,  blnnt,  rounded;  preorbital  broad, 
not  (|uite  so  wide  as  eye;  preopercle  and  suprascapula  coarsely  serrated. 
Mouth  rather  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  to  anterior  third  of  eye;  teeth 
ill  upper  jaw  in  villiform  bands,  those  in  front  of  npper  jaw  more  or  less 
cu'iiirged,  acute;  dorsal  lin  deeply  notched;  dorsal  spines  low,  the  longest 
about  2J  in  head;  soft  dorsal  short,  its  base  contained  about  2^  times  in 
base  of  spinous  portion;  second  anal  spine  very  long  and  strong,  about  If 
in  head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  slightly  scaly  at  base;  pectoral  short,  not 
reaching  vent.  Coloration  uniform  olivaceous  above,  silvery  below ;  fins 
plain.  Pacific  coast  of  Panama,  probably  always  in  fresh  waters,  the 
known  specimens  all  taken  from  the  Uio  Bayano,  near  Panama.  Our  typo 
and  cotype,  30957,  U.  S.  N.  M.,  two  specimens  from  Rio  IJayano,  collected 
by  Captain  John  M.  Dow. 

t'linliiwma  humile,  Kneu  &  Steindachnkk,  Sitsgber.  Akatl.  Wiss.  Miineh.  1803,  222, 
Rio  Bayano,  near  Panama;  name  preoccupied  hy  I'riiiUpoma  /iumi{t«,  UowDlCH, 
rialicH  of  Madeira,  236,  1825. 

Pomatlatis  humilis,  Jordan  &  Fesler,  I.  c,  492. 


Tliis  Hpecies  is  erronoouslv  referred  by  .Ionian  &  Fealer  to  the  Hiib^enns  Pseudoprit- 
tiiioma,  Sativago  (Hull.  Soc.  i'liilom.,  iv,  220,  1880),  of  which  the  typo  is  Prittipoma  leu- 
ntniin.  Cuvier  «fe  Valenciennes,  from  the  Seychelles.  PsevdoprUtipoma  seems  to  bo  a 
v,iliil  <;emis,  closely  allied  to  Aumotrevnit,  with  which  it  agrees  in  form,  but  wi'jh  the 
teeth  iill  small  and  slender,  the  outer  not  at  all  enlarged. 


T 

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1332         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1701.  POMADAMIS  PRODVCTIIN  (Pory). 

Hnad  t  in  total  length  with  cuudal ;  depth  4^ ;  oyo  4.  D.  XIT,  12;  A.  Ill, 
" ,  BcaloH  65.  Budy  elongate,  nmxillary  extending  a  little  beyond  front  of 
eye;  anal  Hpincs  Htrong,  the  Hecond  J  depth  of  body.  Color  nearly  plain, 
silvery  below,  (i'oey.)  Cnba;  not  seen  by  ua;  apparently  closely  allied 
to  /'.  hayaiitiB.  From  /'.  ramoaus  it  differs,  if  the  descriptions  can  be  trnsted, 
in  having  but  12  dorsal  spines,     (prodiictna,  product^d,  from  the  long  snont. ) 

I'riilipoma  productum,  PoBY,  MoinuriaH,  ii,  180,  18<U),  Havana. 
PomadanH produeUi»,  Jukdan  &.  Fehlkr,  I.  o.,  403. 

I70ii.  I'OMADASIS  MACIlAi  A>TIIIIN  ((iiiiitlier). 

(BUKKO.) 

Head  2J;  depth  2J;  scales  0  or  7-48-14;  D.  XII,  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  eye  4i  in 
head;  preorbital  I'J ;  snout  2J ;  maxillary  3^;  pectoral  3^  in  body;  fourtli 
dorsal  spine  2  in  head;  second  anal  spine  2;  longest  dorsal  ray  1^^  in  loiio;. 
est  dorsal  spine.  Body  (»vate-<dongate,  comjtressed,  considerably  »devat(^«l 
at  nape;  anterior  profile  straight  or  slightly  ccmc-ave  from  nape  to  point  of 
snout;  snout  sharp  and  jtointed;  month  small,  the  maxillary  not  reaching 
to  anterior  edge  of  orbit,  about  'i^  in  head;  anteri<»r  nostril  with  a  llap 
which  extends  over  posterior  nostril;  gill  rakers  al»out  7-}-15;  scales  large; 
))roopercle  and  suprascapiila  coarsely  serrate;  dorsal  fin  very  deeply 
notched;  dorsal  spines  long  and  strong,  the  longest  about  2  in  head;  solt 
dorsal  short,  its  base  contained  .about  2/,!  tini(*s  in  base  of  spinous  portion ; 
s(;ci>nd  anal  s]dne  very  long  and  strong,  about  2  in  head;  soft  <lorsal  ami 
anal  each  with  a  single  row  of  a  few  scales  beliind  each  ray  near  the  l»asc; 
pectoral  long,  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  vent,  about  3Jt  in  body,  1!  in 
lu'ad.  Coloration  dusky,  with  a  metallic  luster  above,  silvery  below; 
about  4  broad  dusky  transverse  bands  extending  downward  to  level  of 
pectoral.  Length  1.^)  inches.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America;  very  com- 
mon; specimens  examined  by  us  from  Panama,  Ma/atlan,  ('hiapas,  and 
Puuta  Arenas.  It  makes  a  loud  snorelike  noise  when  caught,  very  much 
like  the  noise  of  the  "burro"  or  donkey,     (//(twpo?,  long;  awaKOrt-,  spine.) 

I'nutipoina  macracanthtim,  (UjNTHer,  Troc.  Zool.  So(\  Loud.  1864,  140,  Chiapas,  Mexico. 
J'omadasiv  inacracanthua,  Jordan  &,  Ficsl....,  {.  c,  493;  Jordan,  FiHhes  of  Sinalon,  401. 

1703.  I'ONADANIK  AXDRKl  (.Saiivnge). 

Head  3;  depth  3.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  45;  eye  equal  to  snont,  lU 
in  head;  maxillary  reaching  to  opposite  front  of  eye;  preopercle  with 
ol)li(|ue  margin.  Second  anal  spine  strong,  longer  than  fourth  dorsal 
spine,  more  than  k  length  of  head;  caudal  truncate.  Coloration  uni- 
form. Near  to  /'.  macracanlhiia,  but  diftering  in  having  the  eye  larger,  tlie 
snout  shorter,  in  the  length  of  the  maxillary  and  the  second  anal  spine, 
an('  in  the  absence  of  scales  between  the  rays  of  the  vertical  fins.  (Snu- 
va  ^e.)  Not  seen  by  us;  a  rather  doubtful  species.  Kio  Guayas,  Ecuador, 
near  Guayaquil.     (Named  for  its  discoverer,  M.  Andre.) 

Pristipoma  andrei,  SAUVACiH,  Hull.  Sci.  I'hilora.  Paris,  7tli  scr.,  ni,  1879,  204,  Rio  Guayas, 
Ecuador  (Coll.  Andre). 


Jordan  and  Evcrmanti. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1333 


Subgenus  RHONCISCUS,  Jordan  &  Evermonn. 
1704.  POMAHANIK  (lUM'RO  ((Jiiviir  \-  Vnlnncittiinun). 

Iloafl  3;  depth  2S  to  SJ ;  oj'c  3,J  to  5  in  lieiui.  I).  XIII,  11  or  12;  A.  III,« 
„i7;  Hcalo8  (J-54-U) ;  preorl»itaI  4  to  H;  snout  2i,  to  3ii ;  maxillary  3  to  1 ; 
iicctoral  1,';  to  lA;  fourth  dorHal  Hpino  1,1  to  1\\  Hocond  anal  H|)iuc  \\_  to  2; 
SDit  dorsal  2  in  HpinouH.  Ho<ly  elongate,  coniprosHcd,  tho  back  eluvated, 
liiirii  iit  tho  nape,  the  anterior  ]irotile  rather  irre<;iilar,  varying  with  age; 
;i  more  or  less  distinct  I'rontal  dt-prcBHion  above  eye  in  old  aitecimens; 
month  small,  the  maxillary  barely  extending  to  the  anterior  edge  of  orbit; 
lower  Jaw  included;  preopercle  coarsely  serrate,  the  teeth  wide  apart; 
tcctli  rtmall,  the  outer  scarcely  enlarged;  scales  rather  large,  those  above 
till' lateral  line  in  parallel  series;  dorsal  iiu  moderately  notched;  second 
umil  Npino  very  strong  and  long,  reaching  past  tips  of  all  the  rays;  pccto- 
I'iil  short,  caudal  slightly  lunate.  Color  rather  plain,  olivaceous,  silvery 
liclow,  about  3  or  4  ill-detincd  loi-<<;itudinal  dark  stripes  along  sides,  one 
I'rimi  point  of  snout  to  middle  of  base  of  caudal.  West  Indies,  Cuba  to 
bnizil;  generally  common  on  sandy  coasts.  The  specimens  examined  by 
lis  me  from  CMiba  (type  of  rrintipoma  ciiltrifirum  I'oey,  in  the  museum  at 
Ciimiiridge),  and  from  Sao  Mathcos,  lta)»apuaua,  and  Cannariveras,  in 
lira/il.     {trocro,  the  vernacular  name  at  Martinique.) 

ITiftiiiomacroero,  C'uvikk  &.  VALENf  ucnnes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oIhs.,  v,  264,  1830,  Martinique. 
/',i4i/m»i(j  cultri/enim,  I'oEV,  Mcmoiias,  n,  185,  18C(»,  Havana.    (Tyju!  in  M.  V.  Z.) 
I'oinmlaniit  approximann,  Bean  &.  Dresbl,   Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1884,  100,  Jamaica. 

llviif,  No.  30062.    Coll.  Piil>li(;  Muh.  InHt.  Jnniaica.) 
rnmuiiasin  crocro,  Jordan  &  Feslek,  I.  c,  493. 

1705.  POMADASIS  ltltA*""Kl  (Sloindiicliner). 

(HruKno.) 

Il.nd  3;  depth  3.  1).  XIII  or  XIV,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  7-49-12;  eye  3.^ 
in  Iliad;  preorbital  5^;  snout  3;  maxillary  3^  ;  pectoral  li;  fourth  dorsal 
spino  \l ;  second  anal  spine  1^ ;  soft  dorsal  2'i  in  spinous,  liody  elongate- 
(iviitc,  compressed,  the  back  elevated;  pectorals  rathei'  long,  1^  in  head; 
aiitoiior  profile  steep  and  conve.x  over  snout,  depre.ssed  above  eye,  becom- 
in;;  slightly  convex  at  nape;  snout  long,  moderately  pointed;  top  of  head 
with  !i  slight  depression ;  mouth  small,  the  maxillary  barely  reaching  to 
tilt)  anterior  edge  of  eye;  preorbital  very  narrow;  teeth  arranged  in  nar- 
row, thickly  set  bands,  those  in  front  a  little  broader;  preopercle  and 
scapula  strongly  serrate,  the  sern-.i  wide  apart  at  angle;  gill  rakers  short 
and  slender,  about  6-f  11;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  slightly  scaly  at  base;  dor- 
sal Iiu  only  moderately  notched,  the  soft  part  much  shorter  and  lower 
than  the  spinous  portion ;  dorsal  s]>iues  very  high  and  stout,  the  last  spine 
i  lonj,'er  than  the  next  to  the  last;  second  anal  spine  very  long  and  strong, 
reaching  past  the  longest  rays,  ^  longer  than  third  spine;  pectoral  long, 
not  reaching  past  von trals;  caudal  slightly  lunate.  Color  uniformly  sil- 
ver-gray, the  base  of  each  scale  slightly  darker.  Length  7  inches.  I'acific 
coast  of  tropical  America,  Ma/atlau  to  Peru;  generally  common  on  the 
sandy  coasts  of  tropical  America  on  the  PJioitic  side;  specimens  seen  by 


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1334         Fitilletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

iiH  from  Ma/utlan,  Panama,  Rio  Ziinatonco,  autl  ClhiapaH.     (A  porHoiml 
name. ) 

I'rinHpoma  hranicki,  Stkiniiaciinku,  DeiikHttlir.  knimtrl.  Aknd.  Winn.  Wiim,  mi,  2h,  1k7;i, 

Tumoez,  Peru. 
romada»it  branieki,  Johiian  &,  Vkbimh,  I.  e.,  4U;i;  Jokpan,  FIsIioh  of  8liiulim,40'J,  180.'). 

i;<M).  I'OMAIUNIS  UAMOSl'M  (Tiicy). 

Head  3  to  3};  depth  [^  to  3}.  I>.  XIII,  11  or  12;  A.  Ill,  fi  or  7;  houI.  s 
&-64-14;  oye  3^  in  hoiul;  preorbitul  5^  toK;  Hnout  3-;  niaxillnry  3;  pt'c 
toral  lit',  fourth  dorsal  spine  1;|  to 2;  sooond  anul  Hpino  l{  ;  soft  dorsal  2  in 
HpinouH.  liody  very  long  and  low,  comprossed,  the  hack  little  oluvateii; 
anterior  protilu  irregular,  straiglitish  over  snout,  sllglitly  «'onvo.\  aho\tt 
oye,  orciput  concavo,  convex  at  ua]>e;  mouth  moderate,  the  maxilliiiy 
reaching  to  front  of  pupil;  prooperclo  and  scapnla  very  coarsely  serrated, 
thoHO  at  angle  of  preopercle  almoHt  Hpiny;  eye  large;  base  of  soft  dorsnl 
and  anal  naketl  or  Hli'rhtly  scaly;  dorsal  fin  only  slightly  notched,  tlu^ 
soft  part  about  half  as  long  as  spiny  portion;  dorsal  spines  very  8troii<r; 
second  anal  s]uue  very  long,  reaching  beyond  tips  of  last  rays;  pectoiiil 
short;  caudal  truncate.  Color  metallic  grayish-golden,  silvery  1h>Io\v, 
with  indistinct  lengthwise  streaks  and  bands;  fins  duuky.*  Length  one 
foot.  West  Indies,  south  to  Hra/il ;  not  very  ccmimon.  (ramo«(( 8,  branched, 
the  soft  rays  of  the  ventrals  being  much  branched.) 

i'rittipoma  ramo»um,  PoBV,  MeiiiuriaH,  ii,  180,  1860,  Havana. 

I'ristipovia  boiieardl,  Stkinda<iinbii,  Ichtli.  Noti/en,  ix,  1,  1809,  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Poniadcuii  ramoius,  Jordan  &.  Ii'ehler,  I.  c,  404. 

546.  ORTHOPRISTIS,  Giruid. 

(l'l(il'I8HK8.) 

Orthoprinlis,  (iiBARD,  IT.  S.  Mpx.  Bduiiil.  Survey,  Zool.,  FialioH,  15,  185!»  (dvpUx      chryKi)),. 

term). 
PrUfocantharuH,  (lux,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liil.i.  1862,  2.')6  (cantharinut). 
EvaprittU,  Jouoan  &.  Evermann,  Cliuck-I.iHt,  ;t88,  180U  (lethoprittk). 

IJody  moderately  elongate,  conipruNsed,  the  back  arched;  head  com- 
pressed, the  snout  usually  long;  month  rather  small,  ]>laced  low;  teotli 
in  Jaws  in  villiform  bands,  the  outer  teeth  above  somewhat  enlargeil ;  eye 
moderate;  preopercle  with  its  vertical  limb  straight,  finely  serrate  or 
entire ;  gill  rakers  rather  long  and  slender ;  dorsal  H])ines  rather  slender,  IL' 
or  13  in  number,  the  fin  usually  not  much  notched ;  soft  dorsal  long  and  low, 
usually  with  15  or  16  rays,  the  membranes  usually  naked ;  anal  spines  sniiill ; 
caudal  lunate.  Scales  rather  small,  those  above  lateral  line  arranged  in 
series  not  parallel  with  it;  usually  no  smaller  accessory  scales  at  base  of 
the  larger  ones.  This  genus  contains  a  considerable  number  of  species 
differing  from  Pomadasis  in  the  long  anal  tin,  the  smaller  .scales,  and  in  tlio 
less  development  of  the  dorsal  spines.     Nearly  all  the  species  are  Anieri- 


*  Of  this  species  we  have  examined  a  specimen  6  inches  long  (418,  M.  C.  Z.)  from  II:iiti. 
A  number  of  specimens  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  nsree  with  this  mie. 
except  that  the  anal  spine  is  shorter,  2  in  head ;  they  are  10615,  M.C.  Z.,  Sao  Matheos.  tlii' 
largest  a  foot  in  length,  and  2421,  M.  C.  Z.,  from  llio  Una.  Prititipoma  hovcar(U.ii{m\- 
danliner  seems  to  us  identical  with  the  s])ccinicn  from  Haiti.  It  is  ]>robable  that  tiiis  is 
the  same  as  P.  ramotu*  Pocy,  but  the  description  of  I'oey  is  not  very  full. 


»?!■: 


11  1 1 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Apncrica.     1335 


(•nil.    (('p^''»'»  Btralglit;  npldri^,  iiHod  for  irpidrtf?,  a  buw,  in  refflrnnce  to 
I  ho  HtiiiiKlit,  ovonly  Berratod  piooporclo.) 

(Mtllliil'llIM'."': 

,1.  Soil  doFHal  niid  nnal  HflnleloMi  |irn<>peri'lo  niorit  nr  loan  Nerriito  linhiiul;  montli  ■mall; 

tt'inponil  croHt,  which  liriHCH  I'roiii  litthliiil  tho  oyo,  very  low  niiil  iii(!<inH|ii<',uuiiM, 

thtt  uppor  e<lK<^  Ixtlow  Iiuhu  uf  tlio  hi({li  niipraoccipital  croMt,  which  uri(^nut08ovvr 

tho  ]i)ipll. 

h.  ^i-nlcH  Hnmll,  in  80  to  05  Hcries;  color  pliiin,  depth  3  in  Iciigih;  poctnriils  1^  in 

lii'iul;  prcorbitul  nitliur  lirumi,  3J  in  head)  second  nnal  apinc  oit  lon^  hh  third, 

;ij  in  head.  kouiiemi,  17(>7. 

III).  ScnicH  larger,  in  55  to  6!i  olili<|Uo  Hvricg;  ]>reorliilal  broad,  Ichh  than  5  in  head; 

Hocond  anal  Hpino  alxiut  oa  Hlont  an  tliird,  more  than  :i  In  head,  not  aa  long 

ax  OrHt  ray ;  ncahm  Hniall ;  anterior  ]>rolllo  iiot  concavti, 

c.  Anal  III,  loorll;  Hnont  Hliort  and  aliarp,  more  than  3  in  head;  eye  largo, 

abont  4  in  head.    Form  and  ((cneral  appearance  of  O.  chrymijiteruii; 

IxMly  oblong,  coniprcHHed,   tlie   back  elevated,   thn  profile  Hteep  and 

nearly  Htraight,  convex   at  the  napo;   preoperdo  finely  and  Hharply 

Herrate;  teotli  Hniall,  outer  above  li  litthf  enlarged. 

d.  iTawa  nni'<|iial,  the  lower  included;  Hol't  doraal  with  15  raya;  ncalcH 

8-52-15;  pectoral  Hhort,  Ijj  in  head;  each  acalo  with  a  bron/,e  H|)ot. 

itKDDiNrn,  1708. 
dd.  JawHniibn<|unl;  Hoft  dornal  15  or  10 ;  acaloa  aniall,  0-58-18;  gill  rakora 
very  Hliort  and  aniall,  x|  12;  pectoral  falcate,  long,  c(iual  to 
head;  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  eye.  Outline  of  dorsal 
straight;  Hpinoa  low  and  slender;  anal  HpineH  graduated;  caudal 
moilerutoly  forked,  ujipor  lobe  the  longer,  (.'olor  pale  gray ;  pale 
chalky -bluiMli  atreaks  along  the  edges  of  tho  rows  of  soaleH;  a 
pale  streak  below  bane  of  doraal;  linH  rather  pale,  the  Hoft  dorsal 
mottled  with  darker.  CIIAU^euh,  1700. 

or.  Anal  III,  12  nr  13;  snout  long  and  sharp,  loss  than  3  in  head;  Jaws 
oqiial ;  maxillary  not  reaching  to  eye ;  preoporcle  very  slightly  serrate 
above,  the  some  blunt,  obsolete  below ;  gill  rakers  short  and  slender, 
«+12;  scales  small;  the  crown,  cheeks  and  pieces  of  the  gill  cover 
covered  with  small  scales ;  smmt  in  advance  of  the  nostrils ;  suborbitals 
and  lower  Jaw  naked ;  dorsal  and  anal  spines  inclosed  in  a  deep  scaly 
sheath.  Outline  of  dorsal  slightly  notchetl ;  anal  rather  high ;  pec- 
toral shortish ;  caudal  well  forked. 
e.  Second  anal  spine  shorter  than  third,  more  than  5  times  in  head. 

/.  Body  ovate-elliptical,  much  elevated  at  shoulders,  depth  less 
than  3  in  body ;  scales  comparatively  small,  10-60-10;  rays  of 
soft  dorsal  10.  Color  metallic  brownish-olive  above,  changiug 
to  yellowish  on  belly ;  indistinct  golden  streaks  along  rows 
of  scales;  yellowish  and  bluish  blotches  on  fin  membranes. 

CIIRYHOI'TEBUS,  1710. 

//.  IJody  elongate-elliptical,  slightlj'  elevated  at  shoulders;  depth 
3J  in  b(Mly;  scales  comparatively  large,  8-00-10;  dorsal  rays 
15,  Color  metallic  grnyish-blue  altove,  yellowish  below; 
faint  lighter  str'.'!'.!:s  following  the  rows  of  scales;  blotches 
on  the  fin  membranes.  poeyi,  1711. 

ce.  Secoml  anal  spine  about  as  long  as  third,  less  thai  5  times  in  head; 
mouth  small,  muxillaVy  4  in  head;  snout  short,  2J  in  head; 
spinous  dorsal  high,  2}  in  head.  Body  oblong,  the  back  elevated ; 
the  profile  convex  at  the  nape,  depressed  above  eye,  thence  per- 
fectly straight  to  the  tip  of  snout.  Color  brownish-gray  above, 
soiled  silvery  below ;  upper  parts  with  8  diffuse  cross  bands  as 
wide  as  the  interspaces,  extending  to  below  middle  of  sides ; 
membrane  of  opercle  daik,  some  dark  streaks  following  rows  of 
S(^ales;    dorsal  with  some  dull  orange   and  some   pale  round 

spots.  CANTH.ABINU8,  1712. 


u 


t  1 


m 


M 


1330  nuUctiu  /7,  UniUd  States  IWitional  Museum, 


J 


KM' 


EVArniHTIfl  («5,  Woll;   «,  without.,  »piffTrjt,  HRW): 

oa.  Soft  (lorHiil  un<l  iiiiiil  willi  i>  row  ol'  huiuII  M<'iiloit  mi  tlm  iiioinbruiiK  bolilnil  eitrh  riiy. 
Priwi|Hiri'l()  i'iitii'i<;  |iriiorliitiil  ItrontI,  \\  in  liciiil ;  inoiilli  i'iiIImt  liirKr, 
.'/.  liotl.v  riitli»r  eloiiKiit)',  in  form  iiiliTiiiciliuti'  Im<Iwi'«<ii  /«ri'ri/<iiMii>  ittiil  chulcmt 
bnok   rlinitliHl   iiiiil   romprcHHt'tl,    I'Mpcrially   iiiit)<riorl,v :    )irollli<   rf|{iiliiil 
r<)iinil<<il;  niuxilliiry  nol  r<>arliiii){  to  o|i|io.silo   front  of  )<yo;  k"I  riiki  i - 
nio<lfriiti*,  x|-t4;   Hnont    lon^.   nioiloriit«<l.v   Hliiirp:  .iiiwm   HiilitM|Miil;  h<'iiI<  , 
lar^to;  HoiiifBcricM  o>  HcuUiHon  HoftilorHiil  uixl  iinikl,  it  row  rloHe  lirlilml  cin  ii 
nty.      DorHiil  tin    riitlmr  ilcuply    nolcht'd;  H|iin<'M   low  anil  HJuniliT;    un.il 
H|)inuH  Knuliiiilutl ;  |i«H'toral    CaUiatr,    ratlirr  loii);:    cmimIiiI   ilri^ply   lorKiil 
Color  tiark  K''»y.  no)  Hil\t<r,v;  rrntitr  of  raili  Hcaltt  <lark,  IIicnx  HpolH  foiin 
iiiK  t'onliniioiiH  Hlntakr)  alotiK  tlio   rowHof  Hiali-H:  iIioho   ImOow  tho  lali'i  <I 
lino  ratlirr  It-ioi  ilitilinrt;  liim   rullivr  dark;  opcrriilur  nirnilinint' anil  a\il 
llllKky.  l.l'TIIUIMtlMllH,  171  : 

Subgenus  ORTHOPRISTIS,  (!<:,ir<l. 
1707.  OltTllontlSriM    KOUKKISI.  .Ionian  A  SlaikH. 

Hoiia:^;  ilnpth  ;{.  1).  XII  or  XIII,  If);  A.  Ill,  11;  sialiH  !t-8()  lo  Nr>-L'(); 
Hiioiit  2;';  iiiaxillaiy  \\\\  (»rl>it  -U ;  loii^cNt  duiHiiI  spiiio  2{;  hciuiuI  tiii;i| 
Hpiiiti  ;U  ;  purtoriil  \\\  v<;iitriilH  1^;  upper  ciiiitlal  lulto  1^.  Iluily  olilmi;, 
coiiipruHHtHl,  tlio  ])rolil«  ^ftitly  curv<;(l  to  ilorsiil.  Il«;.'i<l  iiioik>nito,  tliejiiWM 
Hubrqiiiil;  tueth  siiiull,  tlio  «iiitrr  a  lit  tin  (uilar^^nl ;  maxillary  uxtfiKJin^  in 
tlio  vurtit'ul  from  poNti-rior  noHtril;  ciiiii  witli  muiliaii  pit;  interorliital 
«-oiivex,  itH  width  about  uqiial  to  orbit;  vi^rtical  limb  of  itruoperdo  Nli^litlN 
convex,  fmtily  serratud ;  gill  rakors  Hhort,  about  S-f-M.  L'l';  preorbital 
inoilorato,  \\\  in  head,  3  in  itH  leant  width.  Snout,  maxillary,  and  lower 
jaw  naked;  scales  on  head  small  anil  crowded.  Dorsal  low,  the  lon^rsi 
ray  about  li  in  the  longctst  H]>ine;  second  anal  spine  not  longer  than  tliinl. 
but  slightly  stouter,  about  half  as  long  as  longest  ray;  pectorals  model 
ate,  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals,  but  not  to  vent ;  upper  lobo  of  caudal 
the  longer;  second  anal  spine  moderate,  about  as  long  as  third.  Color  in 
spirits,  dark  brown  above  with  bluish  retlections;  all  lins  dusky  except 
pectorals;  caiulal  edged  with  light;  membrane  of  opercle  dark ;  ])reoj)er- 
cle  with  some  dark  siiots.  Described  from  two  specimens,  each  about  a 
foot  long,  fnun  Albemarle  Islanil,  one  of  the  (iaiapagos.  (Named  for  Ih. 
Stephen  Alfred  Forbes,  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  in  recognition  of  Ins 
work  on  the  /Vmrf/r.) 

Orthopii»tiii/oihe»i,  iTohdan  &  SiARKS,  in  Cimikut,  I'r  m-,.  l".  S.  \at.  Muh.  18!)0  (18117),  ICl, 
Albemarle  Island,  Galapagos  Archipelago.  ('I'yii  >io.  47574,  V.  K.  N.  M.  C<>ll. 
AWatrost.) 

1708.  OltTIIOIMtl8TIN  KKDDlNta,  Jordan  \  ItidiardHon. 

Ilirad  .SJi ;  de])th  'A.  D.  XII,  15;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  8-52-15,  5!?  pores.  Kye 
ii  in  head;  nuixillary  3^ ;  preorbital  4i  :a  snout;  pectoral  l^  in  head; 
longest  dorsal  spine  21^;  longest  soft  ray  S'lj ;  second  anal  spine  4!i ;  ven- 
tral 1|;  upper  caudal  lobo  Ik;  base  of  soft  dorsal  in  spinous  IJ.  Iiiidy 
oblong,  the  back  not  much  elevated;  the  anterior  profile  straightisli, 
slightly  depressed  above  the  eye;  mouth  small,  low,  the  maxillary  reaeli- 
ing  to  opposite  the  nostril;  teeth  subeqiial,  in  broad  bands;  lower  Jaw 
included;  nostrils  both  oblong,  the  anterior  the  larger;  eye  rather  lar;;t'. 


alioiit  as 

it-*  poster 

>niall,abi> 

lliii'4(t  belo 

iiiiddle  of 

till'  iiieiliai 

Hee  fniui 

Nii|'(  rays  » 

than   Idwei 

Im  liiiid  ,'ixi 

VeiittalH, 

with  a  hrit; 

ridiLs  slrcalt 

anteriorly  ii 

inlrrriipted 

iIihiiIn:  unti 

<>Ui'  Hpccinie 

allied  to  the 

hut  has  tlie 

lioiioc  (if  Mill 

,1  ma  11  di'cpl 

has  been  ini 

tetideiit  of  tl 


i    ). 


Ionian  atid  Rvermann. — Fishes  of  Nortli  America.      1337 

iil.oiit  n«  wido  ftd  the  hroail  preorbltftl;  prooperola  very  finely  ■orrated  on 
its  iMmttsrior  innrKi'i  ""•>',  tli«  Horrfttloiin  very  woivk  ;  kIII  rnkorH  Hliort  and 
siniill  about  \-\  ncalea  inodorute,  tim  rown  iilxtvelittt^ral  lino  very  oblitiuo, 
ilioti!  Itolow  n«arl,v  liorizoiital,  the  sorioH  from  Mio  Hcupular  Hcale  loachinR 
iniiMlt'  <»''  H|iinouH  dorwal.  8pinoiiH  tlornal  moderate,  not  deeply  noti-'uod, 
ilir  iiu'diim  HpineH  iiijiirt'd  in  yontli  in  tiie  typo  Mpceimen;  soft  dormil  low, 
iit'i'  from  acaloM;  anal  HpineH  low,  the  Hi'cond  a  little  lon^^er  than  third; 
Niil'i  ravH  HcalelfHH;  tumdal  Innate,  the  lobuH  nii<-(|nal,  tlir  npper  longer 
tliiiii  lo\v«^t',  which  iH  more  obtnHi^;  vontralH  rather  lon^,  hiHortod  JnHt 
litliiiid  axil  uf  )tectural;  pectoral  rather  Hliort,  not  qnite  reaching  tips  of 
vciitralH.  Color  pearly  K''''y>  darker  above;  each  Bcalt*  of  back  and  HidoH 
with  a  liri^ht  bron/e  npot  behind  itH  center,  thoHc  forming  nearly  contin- 
iidiis  HtrcaUH  ahmg  the  rowH  of  Hcalt>H,  riinnin^  npward  ami  backward 
.iiiiciiorly  and  nearly  hori/oiitally  «in  nidcn,  where  tln-y  are  more  or  lesM 
iiit<  ri'»))tcd  or  tranHpoNcd;  head  plain  Ki'"'yi  dorsal  with  some  Ntrcakn and 
,1, Mills;  outer  linn  plain;  vuntralH  Homewhat  doHky.  (inlf  of  California; 
,,ni  HiHM'imen  K}  inches  lonj?  from  La  Paz.  TIiIh  spoeieH  in  very  eloHoly 
allicil  to  the  llra/ilian  specicH,  (h'thopriMth  ntlnr  (CiiviorA  Valenciennen), 
liiit  lias  the  body  a  little  more  Hlunder  and  the  head  lar^or.  (Named  in 
liDiior  (if  lion,  lienjamin  H.  Keddinv;,  lirnt  tish  commisHioner  of  California, 
;i  mail  deeply  intercHtetl  in  Hcieutitie  reHearcb,  to  whom  Mr.  KichardHon 
has  liieu  indebted  for  many  fav(»rH  in  his  former  capacity  of  snporin- 
teiideiit  of  the  Califortua  Kish  Hatching  Station  at  SisHon.) 

miliiii'iittit  rcdilingi,  Jordan  \  Uichaudson  in  Joiidan,  KIhUcs  of  Siimlon,  in  I'roc. 
Cal.  Ac.  Sul.  181)5,  500,  pl.4l,  La  Paz,  California.  (I'vpo,  Nu.34r>8,  I^.  S.  Jr.  Uuiv.  Mu8. 
Cull  llopking  oxitedillon  t«  Miizutlun.) 

1700.  <»BTil(MMtlSTIS  (ilAM'KI'S  ((iiuitlior). 


Head  :ii;  depth  L'j;.  D.  XII  or  XIII,  15  or  1(5;  A.  Ill,  10  or  11;  scales 
().5H-1><;  maxillury  3;\ ;  eye  l;i  in  hea<l;  preorbital  1.^ ;  peetorall^;  8nout:i,ij; 
Hpinoii.s  dorsal  2^ ;  Hoeoud  anal  npine  I ;  bHi^ost  anal  ray  2(1 ;  bane  soft  dorsal 
in  M|MiiouH  1  j.  Hody  oblong,  compressed,  the  profile  Hteep  and  Htraight,  con- 
vrN  at  iia|ie.  .laws  snbeipial ;  teeth  Hinall,  the  outer  above  a  litth^  enlarged ; 
])ieo|)(n'le  finely  and  sharply  serrate;  gill  rakers  very  Hhort  and  small, 
T-j-lL';  pectoral  falcate,  shorter  than  head  ;  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  to 
eye.  (tutlineof  dorsal  straight,  no  notch;  spines  low  and  slender;  soft 
tloisal  lowandeqnal;  anal  rather  higher  and  shorter,  the  spines  gradn- 
iilcd.  ed;io  of  fin  convex;  (-audal  moderately  forked,  the  npper  lobe 
longer,  ('(dor  paler  than  in  related  species;  pale  chalky  bluish  streaks 
idoii;;  tlie  edges  of  the  rows  of  scales;  a  pale  streak  below  base  of  dorsal; 
llns  rather  pale,  the  soft  dorsal  luottled  with  darker;  young  specimens 
with  tilt!  hody  crossed  by  broad  ditl'use  dusky  cross  bauds.  Length  18 
inches.  I'acitic  coast  of  tropical  America,  not  uncommon,  from  Cape  San 
Lncas  to  the  (ialapagos;  specimens  examined  by  ns  from  Mazatlan,  Pan- 
iiinn,  the (iulf  of  California,  and  Chatham,  Charles,  and  Alltermarle  islands, 
ill  tiie  (ialapagos.  (chalceua,  brassy.) 
3(loO 7 


ft 
1 


^ 


l.'J3S  Jiullcini  /7,  Unilc J  Stales  Xational  Muscutn. 


Vfintiitomn  fhaUniiii,  OI'ntiikk,  Prix'.  /iMtl,  S<kv  l.oml.  1h04,  Itn,  Panama. 

I'rintiiinina  kinri.  SiKINriAi'llNKU,  li  litli.  Nittl/vii,  VIII,  M,  IHtlU,  Maxatlan. 

(trthi>inillit  ,hillf*U»,    KVKIIMANN    .V   .IkNKINH,  I'iim-.  If.  M.  Nut.   MllM.  IHttI,   UU;  JlllillAN   A 

Fkmi.kii,  l.e.AWi;  .fuiiUAN,  FiHlioHiil'  Hluiilim,  \M,  IHOS, 

1710.  OUTIIOIMtlNTIM  niKVSOrTI'iKI  N  ( MiiniMin). 

(IMririMII;   HAILOUH  ( 'HOICK;    IICMtKIMII.) 


H- 


llriulltji;  tU)|)tli  :."{.     L>.  Ml  or  Mil,  III;  A.  Ill,  IL' or  i:<;  hiuI«>h  KMio  I  i; 
iiiiixilliiry  :ti| ;  oyo.'i  in  IimikI  ;  prcorltititl  :({ ;  |MTlorall|;  HiioiitL':;  iii^lir^i 
(loi'Hiil  H|iiiio  L'J ;  ,4«h-oimI  iiiiiiI  H|>iiii<  ft j ;  loii^oHt  tiniil  niy  \\\  \n\>M\  Holt  iIoimii 
in  spiiioiiH  I ).    Koily  oviitcttllipticiil,  Hoiiit^wliat  lOtivulnl  iit  nIioiiIiIith,  i  mi 
Hidoraltly  rotnproHHtMl.     Hiioiit  loii^  ami  NJiar]*,  jawH  «'<|iial,  cauli  witli  ;i 
narrow  l>aii<l  of  Nlmtlfr  ttM-tli,  llio  oiil«<r  aliovr  a  littli^  lar^rr;  niaxilliny 
not  icarliin^  to  oyo;  pr«Mi|H-rclo  very  Hli^litiy   H«trrat««  abovo,  tlin  h«>ii,) 
liliiiit,  oliHolrto  b»low;  ^ill  rakiM'H  Hlioit  anil  Hlt'iiiior,  7 -j-  l~-      I'**'  noun, 
clieokN,  aixl  |>iiu-(iH  of  tliof^ill  cover  covorod  with  Hinall  NcaluH;  Hnoni  in 
imIvuiico  of  the  noHtrllH,  Hiihor'oilalH,  and  lowor  Jaw  naked;  dorHiil  iinil 
anal  Hpiiies  indoHttd  in  a  dcop  Hcaly  Nh«;atli,  thn  h  d't  rays  iiaktMl.     Oiitliiii' 
of  dofNal    very   HJi^htly   notcJiud ;   anal  rutlior  hi^h,  Ncc.ond  anal  h|iiiii' 
Hhortor  than   third;    jicotoral   HhortiHh,  ruachin^  piiNt  tipH  of  vuntmlM; 
oaiidal  Widl  forked,  tho  uppor  lobe  the  longer.     Pyloric  cutu  (i.     Color  in 
life,  li);ht  blue  above,  HJindiii);  ^''^'ln'^'Iy  >"'**  Hilvery  bul(»w;  prflor1iit;il 
and  Hiioiit  of  a  clear  Hky-bliie;  a  daHh  of  blue  on  each  Hide  of  upper  lip: 
each  Hcalo  on  body  with  a  blue  center,  the  ed^e  with  a  bron/.e  Hpot,  IIhhi 
forming  on  back  and  Hides  very  diHtiuct  orange-brown  HtripcH  alon;;  tin 
rowH  of  BcalcN,  tlioHe  ab(»ve  the  lateral  line  extt-nding  oldiipiely  upw:iiil 
and  backward,  those  below  being  nearly  horizontal;  snout  with  bntn/r 
Hpots;  1  or  2  cross  lineH  connecting  front  of  orbits;  2  or  :<  oblique  lines  on 
)>reorbitul,  besidcH  nunierous  broi./.o  npotn  larger  than  thoHe  on  the  lioily; 
preorbital  also  with  dusky  singles,  one  of  which  extentis  on  upper  Ii|i; 
chocks  and  o]tercles  with  distinct   bnui/e  HpotH,  larger  than   those  on 
body;  iiiHide  of  mouth  pale;   inside  of  gill  cavity  tinged  with  golilm; 
dorsal  translucent,  with  about  'A  bron/e  longitudinal  shades,  composed  oi 
Hpots,  those  of  soft  dorsal  most  distinctly  spot-like;  edge  of  tin  dusky; 
caudal  jdain,  yellowiHh  at  base,  dusky  t(»ward  the  tip;  anal  whitish,  \[» 
edge  dusky,  its  base  sL^iied  with  bron/e;  pectorals  and  ventrals  yellow 
ish,  the  latter  darker  :'t  t.p.     Fresh  specimens  show  no  tra«u)  of  verticil 
bandn.     In  examples  )>ies<Tved  in  alcohol  the  yellowish  and  blue  nmrk- 
ings  gradually  disappear  and  dark   cross  shades   become  a])parent.    A 
specimen  5  years  in  alcohol  shows  the  following  coloration:  Silvor-gniy, 
with  faint  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales;  a  distinct  narrow  dusky  liaml 
from  front  of  spinous  dorsal  through  base  of  pectorals;  behind  this  7  orx 
cloudy,  obscure  bands,  alternately  broad  and  narrow;  a  horizontal  dusky 
shade  behind  eye;  spinous  dorsal  with  a  faint  medium  pale  shade;  soft 
dorsal  with  3  rows  of  faint  spots ;  other  tins  nearly  plain.     licngth  12  to  l"i 
inches.     South  Atlantic  and  (Jnlf  coasts  of  the  United  Htatcs;  a  conmum 
and  valued  food-fish,  abundant   along  the  sandy  shores  of  the  enstt^rii 


I 


IIc.'kI  .1) 

'•':  ill  lieiid ; 

seiMiiid  iiii;i 

l!oil,\    eloii^ 

slender  tliiii 

yniyisli   Mil 

lows  iiC  Hen 

lla\';iiia;    ik 

rliriiHiiiilcriiM, 

(Named  for 

I  III  versify  j; 

OrtliiipiUlX!,  /nil 
OrllKijiiislin  fiof 


Head  ;{! ;  d 
Mia \ ilia IV  I  ii 


dorsal 


sei 


N|llill>IIS  \\. 
'lie  |in>/ile  <•( 
•*fiai;,'li(,  to  tip 
'•'"'til,  the  out 
■"iiall;  preorb 
-liiilitly  seiTjit 
iiid  Mleiid(.|-,  , 
;ill  cover  cov( 
'i'"'rliital8  an 
''''•|»>*<'aly  she; 
f  ("Ttoral  shorti 
;    'li'''l.    Color  li 

"■'ll  ei^rlif,   ,|j„. 

'"'low  niid(|Jo„ 

■'ix'tt,  as  in  Orth 
'i'lio  ahove  desc 
^^^•C.Z.),fromt 


h  \ 


.  i;i:-i-.' 


Jordan  and  livet  nann.  -  Fisfus  of  North  America.     l.'i.lO 


I  iilti'il  StiitcH  froiii  l.oiii;  InIjiimI  to  tlio  nioiitli  of  tho  UioOniiHlo.     (xin'6oi, 

^nlil;  irrtfioy,  llii.) 

I  ,,,a>'liriii<>l>lf>i''  l.iNN.Kiii,  Synr.  Nnt.,  K<l.  xii,  4H.'i,  IVtlfl,  Charle«ton. 

I  iihrm  fHU'<iiiiiii-\ilahi».  Mm  Mii.i,,  'rniiiM.  I. It.  iiidI  I'IiII.  Suf,  N.  V.  \M\,  KMl,  New  York. 

/•,M/if/"mil /ifci"'""'.    L.'1'VIKIi   A     VAl.KNfllCNNM,    lllnt.   Nlit.    I'oIhk.,   V,  I'Hft,    IKIO,   New 

York;  .mmhhS- 
(),f/.../i/u/i«  i/u;»l<'Jt.  <lll»AlUi,  r.  •*.  Mi"s.  Iloiiiid.. Survey, /,<iol.,  MmIhh,  !.'>,  jil.  1»,  linx.  I  to  4, 

l-i.'i'.i,  Indianola  and  BraxoN  Sdntia|{u,  Texaa.     (t.'itll.  (Jliirk  mid  Wiiidtiiiiiiiiii.) 
/  ,  isfiiiiiiiiil  fiilvKhiiiniliitniii,  til  N'rill';il,  t'lit.,  I,  IIOI. 
ihilii'i'riili*  i!htii»o>>ti'nn,  J oHitSN  A  Tkhlku,  /.  i-.,  41«». 

1711.  OltTMOntlvri^i  l'0»:VI,  Sniddn. 

Il.ail  ;M;  "U'l'tli  :i\.  I».  Xll,  l');  a.  hi,  1L';  hphWh  H-«(»-ir.;  nmxlllaiy 
:;'  ill  littad;  «iy<^r»;  |>r<>(>rliitiil  .'<'/;  piutoral  I];  Hiiiiiit  L'i\ ;  N|iiii()UH  (IoihiiI  It; 
?,i>('nii(l  iiiiiti  N|iino  Ti:^ ;  loii;;«^Ht  iiiiiil  ray  •';  Ixisi-  Holt  iluiHiil  in  apiiuniH  i;. 
I'ldiis  i'liin;{uttf-i'llipti<'iil,  Hli<r|itly  «-loviit<-il  tit  HhniiMrrH,  nillii'i'  iiiorH 
slt'iidirtliiiii  ill  ff.  vhrijHoi>Urun:  HciiltHroiiipiinitivtOy  lar^r.  Color  inotiillif- 
>r|';i\isli  Itliin  al)ov(«,  y«llo>viH)i  Im^Iow  ;  t'uiiit  li^litt^r  HtrtMikn  rollowiiij;  tlin 
lows  of  HcalnH;  lilotrlioH  on  tin  iiutiiihiaiipH.  \V«Ht  IikIIoh;  not  rant  at 
IliivMiia;  not  H«'OM  fls«nvli«ro.  'V\w  HpocioH  is  vory  cIohc  to  OrtlioprinliH 
rhniKiiiiltriiH,  but  tlio  hotly  Ih  iiioru  Hlendnr  antl  tlitt  itcalcH  uro  ratlior  lar};ri-. 
(NaiiH'tl  f"'"  Pi'oft'HHor  Ft'lipti  I'ney,  lor  many  yoai-8  tho  nntiiraliHt  of  tho 
I  iiiviM.sity  of  Havana.) 

OrtAo/'i'iV^iN  ;"i'V/t  (Si'ODDKK  MS.)  Pokv,  Syii)i|miM,  'M'i,  18UH,  Havana. 
Orlhnjirintis  {lori/i,  JoHDAN  A    Kkhlkk,  J.  C.OtM). 

I7I>.'.  OKTIIOritlKTIS  t  AM'ilAltlM'N  (.liiiyim). 

Ilr.id:!';  doptliL';;.  1).  XII  or  Mil,  1".  oiKi;  .V.  Ill,  12;  H«alt'H!MM)-l«; 
iiiaxilliiry  I  in  IkimI;  fyo  l<{;  |trtM>riiitaI  I ;  pcrttnal  1;  kiiouI  l' |  ;  HpinoiiH 
liiiiHiil  2\',  Heconil  anal  Hpino  I;  lon;;rst  anal  ray  2-1;  hauo  Hoft  tloiHul  in 
HpiiHHKs  l|.  Itotly  o'ltlon);,  th«)  hark  oluvattMl,  It'HH  ho  than  in  It.  chaltriiH, 
tiii<  |iniliio  (lonvox  at  tint  napo,  ilfpit^sHftl  ahove  eye,  thonco  perlVctly 
stiai;;lit  tt>  tip  of  Hnoiit.  .lawH  i't|nal,oach  with  a  naritiw  band  of  Hl«ndi<i- 
ti't'tli,  tlir  oiitor  abovo  Hlightly  «;nIai';riMl ;  snttiit  lathi't'  Hht>rt,  sharp;  «>yo 
small;  |ir<>orbital  brtiatl;  maxillary  not  icarhin};  tot^yo;  |>rt>opcM'clo  veiy 
sli;;htly  sciratt*  abovo,  tho  sei'iii'  blunt,  ttbstdcte  below;  ^ill  lakt-rs  short 
aiiil  Hlciidi'r,  j-f-1-.  S(!ah(H  Hinall;  tho  crtiwii,  checks,  antl  pioctis  of  tho 
;;ill  cdvcr  fovtirtitl  with  small  scalos;  sntmt  in  atlviiino  t>f  tht)  nostriln; 
siiliorliitalH  antl  lowor  jaw  iiiikotl;  tlorsal  antl  anal  8i>ini;s  inrlosod  in  a 
ili'i'{)  scaly  Hhi>ath.  Ontlint-  of  tltuHal  slightly  notciiod;  anal  ratht-r  hi^h; 
pcrtdral  shortish;  faiidal  wtdl  forkotl ;  H<M-t>ntl  anal  H])ino  abt)nt  as  lon^  as 
third.  C(dor  brownish-;j;rayish  aliovo,  soih^l  silvery  btdow ;  iijiptT  piirls 
with  iMjjht  tlitl'iiHo  frt)8sbantls,  as  witlo  as  tho  inter  spat'os,  oxtentliuj;  tt> 
lielow  iiiiddlo  of  sitlos;  inomlirane  of  tipertde  dark,  some  dark  streaks  Ibl- 
lo\viii;j  rows  of  Hoalos;  dt)rsal  with  sonio  tliill  ttrango  antl  some  palo  ronntl 
siMitii,  as  in  (Jrthopriatis  chvuMptvruH.  Lon<;th,  a  foot,  (lalapajjos  Islantls. 
Tliu  above  descriptitm  from  two  examples,  eaeh  about  a  fot)t  lonj;  (41518, 
M.  C.  Z. ),  from  the  Galapagos  Islands,     The  scanty  de8.Tipti(»n  of  Ilaniulon 


I    ! 


mf 


■>•/ 

'',«'! 


1340         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


mode$tum,  said  to  bn  rare  on  the  vrholo  coast  of  Peru,  Beonis  to  belong  to 
this  species.  (From  Cantharna  (=  Spondylisoma),  a  genus  of  sparoid  fishes, 
which  this  species  remotely  resembles.) 

Priitipoma  cantharinum,  Jknynk,  Voyage  Beagle,  FiHlies,  49,  1842,  Galapagos  Islands. 

(Coll.  (Jliarhm  Darwin.) 

*  lliinnvlon  modestiim,  TsniUDi,  Fauna  reniaua,  11,  '.344,  Peru. 

Orlhopriatis  cantharinug,  Juudan  &  Feslek,  2.  c,  .'iOO. 


I'M: 


:.\"'t 


mi': 


::),:  ';:i 


:t  ■ :  '  ' 


Subgenus  EVAPRISTIS,  Jordan  &  Evomiann. 
i;i».  OUTIIUPKISTIS  liKTHOIMtlSTIS,  Jordan  &  FvhUt. 

Head  .Si;  depth  .3.  D.XII,  14;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  8-65-15 ;  uiaxillary  .3  in 
head;  eye  4$;  proorbital  3|;  ]>cctoraI  1  {^„ ;  snout  2.^;  spinous  dorsal  2 ' ; 
second  anal  spine  6^;  longest  anal  ray  3^;  base  soft  dorsal  in  spinous  1). 
Jtody  rather  elongate,  in  form  intermediate  between  Isaviella  hrevipinxm 
and  ().  chalceua;  back  elevated  and  couipnsssed,  especially  anteriorly, 
profile  legularly  rouudt-d;  mouth  larger  than  in  any  other  species  of 
Orthoprintin;  maxillarj'  shorter  than  snout;  jaws  subequal;  teeth  small, 
the  outer  above  longt-r,  slender  and  dose  set;  maxillary  not  reacliing  to 
opposite  front  of  eye;  gill  rakers  of  moderate  length,  a  little  shorter  tliaii 
pupil,  X-{-14;  snout  long,  moderately  sharp;  eye  moderate;  prcorbilal 
broad;  preopercle  strictly  entire;  series  of  scales  on  soft  dorsal  and  anal, 
a  row  close  behind  each  ray,  as  in  laaciella ;  scales  of  body  without  actcs- 
sory  ccales.  Dorsal  tin  rather  deeply  notched,  spines  low  and  slendi  r; 
solt  dorsal  low,  highest  toward  the  front;  anal  long  and  rather  low,  with 
straight  free  border;  anal  spines  graduated,  the  third  scarcely  half  hei^'ht 
of  first  ray;  pectoral  falcate,  rather  long;  caudal  deeply  forked.  Color 
<lark  gray,  not  silvery;  center  of  each  scale  dark,  these  spots  forming  con- 
tinuous streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales,  those  below  the  lateral  line  rather 
lessdistinct;  tins  rather  dark;  opercular  membrane  and  axil  dusky.  Gala- 
pagos An-hipeliigo;  known  only  from  th«!  (u-iginal  type  (2fi!)47,  M.  C.  Z.), 
15  inches  long,  from  the  Galapagos  Islands.  {AyOojiUrt,  to  forget;  npidn^, 
used  for  itpi6tti<;,  a  saw;  in  reference  to  the  entire  preopercle.) 

Orthopristis  lethopriMtit,  Joudan  &  Fksi.ek,  I'roc.  A(5.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila.  1889,  36,  Galapagos 
Islands ;  Jokuan  &.  Fk.'slek,  I.  c,  500. 

547.  ISACIELLA,  .Fordau  »fe  Feslei. 

Itaciella,  .Tohdan  it  Feslek,  Koview  of  tbe  Sparoid  FislicH  of  America  and  Europe,  4!I7, 
1893  [lirevipmnU). 

This  genus  is  close  to  Orthopristia,  from  which  it  differs  chielly  in  the 
presence  of  suuiU  accessory  scales  at  the  base  of  the  scales  of  the  body. 
The  form  is  somewhat  peculiar,  approaching  that  of  Microlepidotus ;  the 
fins  are  very  low  and  the  soft  dorsal  and  anal  are  scaly.  One  species 
known.  (Diminutive  of  laaeia,  a  related  genus  which  has  no  groove  at 
the  chin;  hacla  is  from  the  .Japanese  name  Isaki.) 


*Head3ii  in  total;  depth  4.  I).  XIII,  10;  A.  Ill,  13;  maxillary  not  quite  ieaeliin>r  (ve: 
second  ai<iil  spine  loiiy;or  and  thicker  tluin  third.  Hl.ackish  gray,  paler  below.  I'.uiin 
coast  of  Peru.    iScarce,    Length  11  inches.    (Ttchudi.) 


'foad  3i;  dept 
inhe;ul;  eye4f; 
second  anal  spine 

«o''yollipti(.aielo] 
prolilo  convex  fro 
teeth,  curved  inwj 
"'eye;  interorbit.1 
'I"'"*';  preopercle  si 
'^qual  to  maxillary 


Jordan  and  Evermanti. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1341 


1714.  INAriRLLA  BKRVIIMNNIS  (Steindarlmer). 

XUyxA'M  ;  <loi»tli3.  I).  XnijlB;  A.  Ill,  12 or  13;  Hcalos  10-«S-20 ;  maxillary 
;U  in  head:  eyo  4^;  preoj  bital  (>i ;  pectoral  1;  suoutS,*;  spinous  <lorHal 
21;  Hocond  anal  spine  5jt;  longest  anal  ray  3.J;  Itaso  of  soft  dorsal  in  base  of 
s|)iiionH  dorsal  1^.  Preopercle  weakly  serrate;  ])reorbital  very  narrow,  GJ^ 
ill  lioiul ;  mouth  small,  maxillary  longer  than  snout.  Body  rather  fusiform, 
soiiiowhat  compressed,  the  back  elevated,  anterior  profile  stoe]),  convex; 
mouth  with  narrow  oands  of  brush-lik<^  teeth,  the  outer  above  slender 
irloHo  set  and  a  little  enlarged;  maxillary  reaching  to  anterior  edge  of  eye; 
(rill  rakers  short  and  slender,  x  + 10;  snout  sliort,  blunt;  eye  large;  lower 
jaw  included.  Scales  small,  exter  ling  from  preorbital  to  fork  of  caudal, 
covering  bases  of  pectorals,  ventrals,  soft  dorsal,  and  anal;  base  of  each 
8cal(^  at;  b».se  of  trunk  and  posterior  part  of  head  cov»'red  with  minute 
acci'ssory  scales;  a  series  of  small  scales  on  the  niembrano  behind  each 
ray;  dorsal  and  a:'al  fins  in  a  low  seaiy  sheath;  dorsal  fin  slightly 
notched,  last  spine  H  in  first  soft  r^y  ;  spinous  dorsal  low,  spines  slender; 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  very  lov. ,  third  anal  spine  longest;  pectoral  sharp, 
falciite,  as  long  as  heo'l,  caudal  long,  deeply  forked.  Color  light  blnish- 
I'ray,  with  brownish-gray  stripes  following  the  rows  of  scales.  Pacific 
coiiHt  of  Mexico ;  rather  rare.  This  species  and  the  preceding  form  a  transi- 
tion I'rom  Microlepidotus  to  typical  Orthopristis.  (brecia,  short;  pinna,  fin, 
from  the  low  dorsal  and  anal.*) 

rrisiipomahreviin.inf,  STEiNnACiiNER,  Iclitli.  Notizpii,  vin,  10,  ]869,Mazatlan. 
OrtlK'iiHalis  brevipinnis,  JouDAN  &  Feslek,  I.  c,  500;  Jordan,  Fishes  of  Siiialoii,  4flH,  1895. 


548.  MICROLEPIDOTUS,  Gill. 

MicndeiddotuK,  (iu.i,,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiila.  1802,  256  (inornatus). 

Tills  genus  is  near  (hrthopristis,  differing  chiefly  in  the  elongate  form, 
very  snj.iU  scales,  increased  number  (14)  of  dor.sal  spines,  and  deeply 
notclied  fins,  the  '^.orsal  and  anal  being  scaleless.  The  skull  is  very  broad 
aud  rounded,  the  interorbital  width  greater  than  length  of  snout;  the 
temporal  crest  risis  above  the  pupil  and  is  high,  more  thi>n  half  the 
lieiglit  of  the  supraoccipital  crest,  which  rises  above  front  of  pupil.  One 
species  known,     (//f^poj,  small;  XeTtTScoro'^,  aaAed). 

1715.  MICUOIiElMDOTUS  lM)U\ATi;S,  Gill. 

(JOI'ATON.) 

I  lead  3i ;  depth  3}.  D.  XIV,  15 ;  A.  Ill,  12 ;  scales  0-80-20 ;  maxillary  3i 
in  head;  eyc4f;  preorbital  7^ ;  pectoral  1 1'„ ;  snout  3^;  spinous  dorsal  2^^; 
second  anal  spine  6;  longest  anal  ray  3J;  base  soft  dorsal  in  spinous  U. 
IJody  elliptical  elongate,  slightly  compressed,  the  back  moderately  elevated, 
lirolile  convex  from  nape  to  snout;  nu>uth  large,  with  numerous  bristly 
teetli,  curved  inward,  larger  in  front ;  maxillary  reaching  to  a.ueiior  edge 
of  eye;  interorbital  space  very  broad;  preorbital  very  narrow;  jr.ws  sube- 
i|ual ;  preopercle  sharply  serrate ;  gill  rakers  short,  H  -f  17 ;  snout  bluntish, 
equal  to  maxillary ;  eye  very  large.     Scales  very  small,  extending  from 


I    1   S' 


mm  i" 


■^ 


1342         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1- 

::::!r:;:f; 

nostril  to  fork  of  caiidul,  covering  base  of  pectoral  and  vontrals;  dorsiil 
and  anal  fins  included  in  a  deep,  scaly  shoatli  which  runs  out  to  the  ti|is 
of  last  r.-iys;  Hcales  on  dorsal  and  anal  rays  only  visible  by  the  aid  of  a 
lens;  scales  of  l)ody  withont  accessory  scales.  Dorsal  lin  deeply  notched, 
last  spine  1.)  in  first  ray;  spinous  dorsal  hi<rh,  sitines  slender;  -oft  dorsal 
very  low  and  lonj?;  anal  slij^htly  hij^her  than  soft  dorsal,  seciuid  spino 
longest;  pe«'toral  sharp,  falcate;  caudal  sharp.  Color  Iduish-yray,  with 
lij^hter  lon<>;itudinal  streaks  of  bright  bron/e;  nppur  lins  with  golden; 
caudal  partly  dusky;  preovbital  with  vertically  oblong  spots.  Length  IX 
int^hes.  Oulf  of  California,  rather  rare,  about  rocky  islands;  specimen^ 
examined  by  us  from  Cajie  San  Lucas,  (inaymas,  La  Pa/,,  and  Ma/atl.-m. 
(inoriiatiis,  not  adorned.) 

Microlepidoltit  iitornahit,  (Jir.i,,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1802,  2,'>(i,  Cape  San  Lucas 

((^ull.  Xaiitus) ;  JoKDAN,  FishoH  lit'  Sinulim,  4011,  18!).'i. 
Orthiipiiatiii  imtnialvg,  Kvekmann  &■  Jenkins,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1891,  148;  Jukdan  i 

Fkislek,  I.  c,  501. 

549.  GENYATREMUS,  Cill. 

Oenyatremvx,  Oiu.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  18C2,  256  (cavifrons). 

This  genus  rewembles  AniaotremuH  in  most  external  respects,  but  there  is 
no  central  jtore  or  groove  at  the  chin.  In  this  respect  it  ugn  with 
I'lectorhjiuehiiH,  I'araprislipoma,  and  Imcia,  groups  not  rei)restiitt'ii  vntliin 
our  limits;  the  species  without  this  groove  belonging  chiefly  to  the  old 
World.  One  species  known,  a  robust  fish  with  strong  spines  and  a  convex 
profile ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaleless.  (yeyvi,  chiu ;  a,  privative ;  r/jt'/iKt, 
aperture. ) 

1716.  OKWATRKMIIS  LIITKUS  (Blocli). 

Head  :}^ ;  depth  2i.  D.XIH.l^;  A.IILH;  scales  11-52-19.  Hodyovato, 
compressed,  the  back  much  elevated,  the  depth  a  little  less  than  half  body; 
anterior  profile  evenly  <'onvex  at  nape,  gradually  becoming  concave  to 
front  of  eye,  where  it  rapidly  descends  straightish  to  point  of  snout: 
iuterorbital  area  Hat,  about  equal  to  eye;  occijdtal  crest  arising  opposite 
middle  of  pupil,  its  base  rising  on  the  highly  arched  frontals  consideialily 
above  top  of  the  low  temporal  crest.  Head  small ;  snout  blunt  and  short; 
mouth  moderate,  the  maxillary  reaching  past  anterior  edge  of  orbit;  iiiite- 
rior  nostril  oblong,  much  larger  than  posterior;  preorbital  very  narrow, 
about  i  as  wide  as  eye;  eye  large,  8  in  head;  jireoperclo  strongly  seiriiU' 
on  angle,  the  serra)  gradually  becoming  weaker  on  both  limbs;  gil!  rakers 
weak,  about  7  below  angle,  besides  rudiments.  Donsal  lin  high,  the  liftb 
si)ine  longest,  the  last  spine  slightly  longer  than  the  preceding  one  .iml 
about  }  as  long  as  the  iirst  ray ;  anal  fin  lower  than  soft  dorsal,  the  second 
spine  longer  and  stronger  than  third;  ]»ectorals short;  caudal subtruncatr. 
Scales  small,  not  paralhd  with  lateral  line,  arranged  obliquidy  above  and 
horizontally  below,  largest  below  the  lateral  line;  vertical  lins  scaleliss; 
scapular  scale  very  evident,  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad;  latcrnl 
line  not  following  outline  of  back,  wavy  below  the  soft  dorsal.  Color  i;, 
spirits  uniform  gohlen,  with  numerous  longitudinal  stripes  of  a  brighln 


liody  ob 
cut  scales, 
coiicnrreni 
crests  on  t 
small,  ten: 
m.ixillary 
iMcnt.il  bou 
Itital,  whic] 
teetii  stronj 
teelli  of  jai 
|M)stcrior  u 
pliaryngeali 
luaiiehiie  la 
tlie  isthmus 
of  head  usu 
till)  sjjines  u 
tbar  is,  altei 
left,  the  spi 
soft  dorsal,  i 
more  or  less 
or  less  conca 
few;  vertehr 
shore  fishes  t 
'it'll  Sea,  ant 
tbeiii  much 
('•'It.  Fishes, 

"  'i'w'lli  ill  In 

terior  n 

''    Socoiid 

tin 

Hlit 

c.  Frt 


I,  , 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann.—  Fishes  of  North  America.     V^\'^ 

color  following  the  rows  of  acnles  bolow  tho  lateral  lino.     LeaHor  Antilles 
to  Itiiizil;  not  rare  on  sandy  coaats.    It  has  not   been   found  in  Cuba. 
^uacnx,  yellow.) 
1  iiti'iium  /u^'I«,    1'l.ocii,   Ichtliyologia,   pi.  247,    1793,   Martinique;    on   a  tlniwiiiK   liy 

I'l.U.MIlilt. 

linniiminlfitlieixituii,  HU)CII  \  ScilNKlDKU,  Syst.  Ii;lith.,  187,  1801;  n(\vr  Hi.ocH. 
li.airaiiima  cavi/rom,  CrviKU  &  Valenciennks,  Hint.  Xat.  I'oisH.,  v, 'J90,  jil.  l'j:i,  ls;to, 

Rio  Janeiro. 
'  I'r'atiliuma  ti'ffula,  (JfVlER  ifc  VALENCIENNES,  Hint.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  v,  'J72,  Martinique. 
'  irixtiiiomaauratuiii,  CiiViEii  &  Vai.enciennkh,  Hist.  Nat.  Toias.,  v,  272,  Martinique. 
uuiijatrimusluteut,  Jokuan  &  Fesi.er,  I.e.,  M\. 


J 


•  (* 

Sl'AUIN.l 

:          ■  .'4 

(1.  ■'.'(•): 

■'4 

Ik 

i  ;l 

Family  CLI.     SrAlilD.E. 

(TlIK   PolUilKS.) 

l'io<ly  oblong,  or  luoro,  or  less  elevated,  covered  witb  rather  larj^e,  adher- 
III t  scales,  which  are  never  truly  ctenoid.  Lateral  lino  well  developed, 
coiiciinent  with  the  back,  not  extending  on  caudal  lin.  Head  large,  the 
iicsts  oil  the  skull  usually  largely  developed.  No  suborbital  stay.  Mouth 
siuiill,  terminal,  low,  and  horizontal.  Proinaxillaries  little  protractile; 
luaxillary  short,  peculiar  in  form  and  in  articulation,  without  supple- 
iiuMital  bone,  for  nuist  of  its  length  slipping  under  the  edge  of  the  preor- 
liital,  which  forms  amcreor  less  distinct  sheath;  preorbital  usually  broad ; 
tcetii  strong,  those  in  front  of  jaws  conical,  incisior-liko  or  molar;  lateral 
tcctli  of  Jaws  always  blunt  and  molar;  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines; 
posti'iior  nostril  largest,  usually  ):iore  or  less  oblong  or  Hlit-liko;  lower 
liliaiyngeals  sejiarate;  gills  4,  a  large  slit  behind  the  fourth;  ]»8eudo- 
braiicliiio  large;  gill  rakers  moderate;  gill  membranes  separate,  free  from 
tlic  isthmus;  preoperclo  entire  or  serrulate ;  opercle  without  spines;  8i«le8 
of  la-ad  usually  scaly;  dorsal  lin  single,  continuous,  or  deeply  notched, 
tlio  s))ine8  usually  strong,  depressible  in  a  groove;  spines  heteracanthous, 
tliar  is,  alternating,  the  one  stronger  on  the  right  side,  the  other  ou  the 
left,  the  spines  10  to  13  in  number;  anal  fin  rather  short,  similar  to  the 
soft  dorsal,  and  with  3  spines;  ventral  tins  thoracic,  the  rays  1,  5,  with  a 
more  or  less  distinct  scale-like  appendage  at  base;  caudal  fin  usually  more 
or  less  concave  behind;  air  bladder  present,  usually  simitle;  pyloric  ececa 
few;  vertebra*  usually  10  4-1'1^=24;  intestinal  canal  short,  ("aruivorous 
slioio  lishes  of  the  trojdcal  seas,  especially  abundant  in  the  Mediterranean, 
Red  Sea,  and  West  Indies.  (Jenera  about  12,  species  about  90,  most  of 
them  much  valued  as  food.  {Sparidw,  Saryina,  and  I'aijrina,  Giinther, 
Cat.  Fishes,  I,  437-183.) 


til  in  front  of  jaws  conical  or  incisior-liko,  not  molar;  dorsal  fin  (■outinuous;  pos- 
terior nostril  oblong;  preoperclo  entire. 

Socoml  iuterhiomal  bone  enlarged,  bollowed  anteriorly,  or  pen-sbaped,  receiving 
tin  posterior  end  of  tbe  air  bladder  in  its  anterior  groove;  jtosterior  nostril 
slit-like;  cheeks  scaly. 
c.  Front  teeth  narrow,  compressed,  forming  lanceolate  incisors;  thetirst  spine 
bearing  interneural  with  an  antrorso  spine;  temporal  irest  obsolete; 


1 


i    t 


1344         Bulletin  47,  Untied  Slates  National  Museum. 


/< 


|rri:j:i|p!i:d5i 


lateral  cront  nowhere  <;oalo8cing  with  the  supraocclpital  crest;  inter- 
orbital  area  tlattitili,  witli  two  low  ridges;  a  small  foranion  in  eacli  ui' 
these  above  front  of  jiiipil;  intororliitnl  arxa  much  contracted  aiitcn 
orly;  a  Htron^ly  )>ro,jo4;tiiiK  prefrontal  process,  whit^li  makes  an  aciiin 
angle  witli  tlio  Hupraorbitul. 
d.  Frontal  bonoH  jtartly  porous  and  giliboii.4;  aiitrorsn  dorsal  spii><>  m 
tachcd  directly  to  the  intornoiiral;  (ti.inl  dorsal   tpino  very  Ion:, 
longer  than  head).  Otkynteii,  Wm. 

(Id.  Frontal  bones  not  gibbous  norporousj  autrorsn  dorsal  spine attiK^lml 
to  the  interneural  by  a  long  process  or  spur;  (third  dorsal  fplin' 
about  half  head).  Stenotomus,  5.1. 

eo.  Front  teeth  conical  or  canino-Iiko;  first  spino-bonring  internoural  witliout 
antrorsu  H|)ino;  temporal  crest  very  liiin  and  high,  joining  the  later . I 
crest  wliicli  forms  part  of  the  margin  of  orbit  above  middle  of  r  v  c. 
both  crests  coalescing  with  tlie  supruoecipital  in  the  cavernous  anterior 
part  of  the  intororbital  area;  interorbital  area  somewhat  contracicil 
anteriorly;  j)refrontal  process  very  strong,  making  an  obtuse  an;;lu 
Avitli  tlie  supraorbital,  tliis  process  forming  a  conspicuous  knob  aliuvc 
the  long  posterior  nostril.  Calamits,  .IVJ, 

hb.  Second  iutcrluemal  spine  normal,  not  "pen-shaped;"  cheeks  scaly. 

e.  Front  teetli  conic,  not  compressed;  no  incisors;  occipital  crest  coaloHccni 

with  the  tem]ioral  crests ;  no  antrorse  sjiine  on  first  interneural ;  dm  sal 

spines  usually  11  to  13. 

/.  Anterior  teeth  in  both  Jaws  strong,  decidedly  canine-like;  body  niMic 

or  less  deep  and  compressed.  Sparus,  ,^.".:i. 

er.  Front  teeth  incisor-like;  no  canines. 

y.  Incisors  broad ;  molars  in  2  to  4  series  in  eac^li  ,jaw. 

h.  First  spine-bearing  interneural  witli  an  antrorse  spine  in  IVmii. 
1.  Snpraoccipital  and  temporal  crests  nowlu^ro  coalescont,  i  In' 
interorbital  area  not  swollen;  fnmtal  bone  in  the  inter 
orbital  area  thin,  concave  in  transverse  section ;  tim. 
poral  <ire8t  low,  separated  from  snpraoccipital  crest  liy 
a  flattish  area  wbidi  extends  forward  on  each  side  (jI 
supraocci)>ital  crest  and  to  groove  of  i)remaxilliirv 
spines.     (Incisors  conspicuously  notched.) 

Laoodon,  Mi. 

ii.  Supraoccipital  and  temporal  crests  coalcscent  anlericirly, 

botli  disapjwariug    in   the  gibbous  interorbital  area; 

frontal   bone  between  eyes  transversely  convex  aint 

more  or  less  honeycombed;  temporal  crest  separated 

from  occipital  crest  by  an  excavated    area  boumled 

anteriorly  by  tlie  lateral  crest,  wliich  merges  into  tlie 

supraoccipital  above  the  eye.    (Incisors  entire  or  witli 

a  shallow  notch.)  AncniosARau.s,  .".55. 

Iih.  First  spine-bearing  interneural  witliout  .antrorse  spino  al)i)ve; 

skull  essentially  as  in  Archosanjus,  the  frontal  bone  iiKin' 

cavernous.  Diplodls,  55ij. 

550.  OTRYNTER,  .Jord.an  «fe  Everniaim. 
(Dkep-Watek  Porgirm.) 

Otrynfer,  Jordan  \-  Evermann,  Check-List,  388, 1396  (caprinvs). 

This  {^enns  is  allied  to  Calamus  and  Stenotomus,  diftoriug  from  the  former 
in  its  incisor-like  front  tcetb,  and  from  the  latter  in  the  strnctnre  of  the 
skull.    Temporal  crest  rudimentary,  i)6rsisting  in  a  swelling  of  the  basiil 


i 


^il: 


liortion  of 
ovei  th«  e 

ii;illlill    HP 

spiiio  befo 
wind  pr<K 

{nrnri'rt'fi 
.sjiiiu\) 

I  lead  3,',; 
till'  liiick  ai 
of  I  aiiilal; 
eye;  tempo 
tirm  (if  the 
ovci'  eye  wi 
about  2  in  ) 
ill  Iitad ;  HI) 
little  enlare 
iiiiilai'.s  in  t\ 
riiir  part  of 
eiil,ii,i,'e(l,  e> 
scaly  slioiitli 
litlli!  longer 
about  1^  in 
leiiutli  abou 
third  longer 
attached  <lir( 
Color  light  o 
bar.-i.     !  »eep 
iiiuneroii.s  ex; 
groupers  (I'Jp 
goat,  the  spe 
which  was  a 
Calamus  bajoi 

Sti'twldiHui  eapr 

(Typo,  No.  3i 

.1  Piyrviis  caprin 


Stenotomus,  Gn.i 

Tliis  genus 
bones,  the  Hat 
ing  it;  tempo 
aiitrorso  spine 
ing  spine  abou 
with  the  supi 
ridges,  a  small 
area  much  coal 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1346 


t.ortion  of  the  snpraoccipital.  Siijiraoccipital  crest  making  a  sharp  angle 
over  tb»  eye,  with  a  porous,  gibbous  portion  of  the  frontal  bones.  Inter- 
li'i'iiiiil  Hpino  having  tho  peculiar  structure  seen  in  Calamus.  AntrorHe 
Hiihic!  b»!foi'o  (lorHal  attached  <lireotly  to  the  fourth  internoural,  no  down- 
wiiril  process  being  evident.  One  species,  found  in  rather  deep  water. 
{nritvi'r)ff},ono  who  stirs  up  or  whips,  from  orpyj'oj,  tostir;  from  chelong 

''  1717.  OTKYNTKtt  CAlMtlNVH  (Boaii). 

Ii(>ii(l3,', ;  depth2.  D.XII,12;  A.  111,12;  sciileH5-r>0-ir).  Hody  subovato, 
till'  liiick  anteriorly  much  elevated,  the  depth  about  half  the  length  to  base 
of  I  iintliil ;  anterior  prolih-  steep  and  straightish,  convex  on  nape  and  above 
eve ;  teniponil  crest  rudimentary,  persisting  in  a  swelling  on  the  basal  por- 
tion ol'  the  snpraoccipital  bono ;  snpraoccipital  crest  making  a  sharp  angle 
over  oyc  with  a  porous,  gibbons  portion  of  the  frontal  bones;  snout  short, 
iihoiit  2  in  head;  eye  large,  a  little  less  than  width  of  preorbital,  about  3i 
ill  Iicail ;  anterior  teeth  of  jaws  small,  in  close-set  band,  the  outer  series  a 
littli-  enlarged,  compressed,  and  lanceolate,  much  as  in  Stenotonma  chrysops; 
iiiiiliirs  in  two  rows;  dorsal  spines  very  broad  and  fiat;  scales  on  theante- 
ijdi'  pint  of  body  mucli  enlarged;  anterior  row  of  scales  on  cheek  much 
t'nl;ii"-('(l  extending  to  level  of  pupil,  about  12  scales  in  the  first  series; 
sciilv  slieath  at  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  very  conspicuous;  pectoral  a 
litlli'  longer  than  head,  23  in  body;  caudal  fin  little  forked,  the  middle  ray 
about  1;  in  longest  my.  I'Mrst  and  second  dorsal  spines  very  short,  their 
Icii'th  iiboutH  in  eye;  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  n»oreor  less  filamentous,  the 
third  longer  than  head.  Frontal  bones  gibbons  and  porous ;  antrorse  spine 
attiii'litid  (liroct'y  to  the  internenral,  no  downward  projecting  part  «'vident. 
Color  light  olive;  silvery  below;  the  young  with  faint,  very  narrow  darker 
bars.  1  »eep  waters  off  the  west  coast  of  Florida;  as  yet  known  only  from 
nnnierons  examples  taken  from  the  stomachs  of  snappers  (Neomunh)  and 
gronpcrs  (l^pinephelim)  on  the  Florida  8nap]»er  banks,  {caprinim,  like  a 
goat,  the  species  having  been  sent  in  under  the  name  "goat-head  porgy," 
which  was  a  misunderstanding  of  the  name  "jolt-head  porgy,"  which  is 
Calamus  bajonado.) 

Stcnutinnut  cajirinus,  Bean,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882, 426,  Snapper  Banks  off  Pensacola 

(Typo,  No.  30795.    Coll.  Silas  Stearns) ;  Jordan  tc  Fesler,  I.  c,  507. 
Aniiiri't/s  crtj>ri?«t«,  JoKDAN  &.  GiLUSUT,  Synopsis,  929. 

551.  STENOTOMUS,  Gill. 

Stenotomvs,  Gn,L,  Canadian  Naturalist,  AugUBt,  18C5  (argyropi). 

i        This  <,'enu8  is  close  to  Calamus,  having  the  same  quill-like  interhicmal 
:|     bones,  the  flattened  incisors  and  antrorse  dorsal  spine  mai'uy  distinguish- 
in"  it;  temporal  crest  obsolete;  frontal  bones  not  gibbous  nor  porous; 
antrorse  spine  attached  to  the  fourth  internenral  by  a  downward-project- 
ing spine  about  thrice  as  long  as  the  spine ;  lateral  crest  nowhere  coalescing 
V     with  the  supraoccipital  crest;   iuterorbital  area  flattish,  with  two  low 
I     ridges,  a  small  foramen  in  each  of  these  above  front  of  pupil ;  iuterorbital 
I    area  much  contracted  anteriorly ;  a  strongly  projecting  prefrontal  process, 


1  * 


.(■  \' 


ii, 


'*i 


mi 


1340  nidldin  /7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


:% 


whicli  niakva  an  acute  au^^le  with  the  Hiipraorhital.     Ainuriciin  uhore  flHheM. 
(6TEvo<i,  narrow;  roiudi,  uuttiu);;  from  th«  narrow  inciHorH.) 

a.  Muily  oviito,  olliptifiil,  tiKMleptli  itl)<>iil  tlio  Hiiiiiit  from  the  Ih'Mt  dorHul  8|iiiio  to  ilii> 

t^lt'vunlli;  iiiitorior  prolilo  8t<M'|i;  |io<-.toriil  Hliortcr  (liiiii  lieail,  11}  in  body;  Hiii>iit 

Hlioit,2J  ill  lieiul.  ciiuvsoi'H,  \:\x. 

ail.  Koily  )-loii);iito,  ovatv,  tlio  d«|it!i  ilcunfiiMliij;  Itiu^liward  from  tliu  ItrHC  liurHal  h|ijiii': 

iiiiliTior  |ii-otlIo  iiotHteop;  ]iu<^toral  about  aH  Ion;;  um  lu-ad,  :i)  in  Itody;  sii.nii 

hiiiK,  liaU'  head.  ACULKATrH,  IVlli. 

17IN.  STKNOTOMUH  niKVSOPK  (Liiinaim). 

((.'oMMON  Sciri'i  PolidV;  Hriri'i'AUU.) 

Ileadill;  depth  2,'„.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales 8-50-10 ;  snontRhi.it, 
2.^  in  head;  eyu  small,  narrower  than  the  iireorbital,  I  to  Ij^  in  head;  fouitli 
dorsal  Kpine  2,  tliird  anal  spine  tlic  lon^^est,  '.i.  Kody  ovatc-olliptical,  tin; 
depth  about  the  Hamu  i'rom  the  lirst  dorsal  spine  to  the  eleventh:  anterior 
profile  st<>ep,  nape  convex,  a  strong  depression  ahove  and  in  trout  of  evf, 
straightish  over  snout;  pectoral  less  than  head,  about  3j  in  body,  extend- 
ing to  first  anal  spine;  a  scaly  sheath  very  conspicuous  atbaseofsolt 
dorsal  and  anal  tins;  temporal  crest  obsolete;  supraoccipital  crest  <'<iii- 
tinnous  with  the  frontal  bones;  ineisor  teeth  very  narrow,  almost  coiiicil 
ill  appearance;  nudars  in  2  rows  above;  gill  rakers  snuill,  about  G-f-Ki; 
top  of  head,  snout,  orbitals,  and  chin  naked;  scales  on  cheek  extending' 
from  upper  margin  of  eye,  tlie  anterior  row  <-ompoHed  of  from  15  to  L'li 
scales;  caudal  fin  forked,  the  middle  ray  about  2^  in  longest  ray.  Culoi 
brownish,  somewhat  silvery  below,  everywhere  with  bright  rellections,  Imt 
without  distinct  markings  in  the  adult;  soft  parts  of  vertical  fins  mottled 
with  dark  in  adult;  young  faintly  barred;  axil  dusky.  Length  about  :i 
foot.  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States  fnmi  Cape  Cod  to  South  C.iro- 
lina;  one  of  the  commonest  food-fishes  of  our  Atlantic  coast,  especinllj 
abundant  northward.     ( xf^vdui,  goUl;   to^,  eye.) 

SiKinm  chiysopn,  LiNN^KUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  xii, 471, 17C6,  Cliarleston. 

Spartis  anif/ropg,  Linn^kus,  Sy.st.  Nat.,  Ed.  xii,  471, 1760,  Charleston;  young. 

Sparxig xdtithurvg,   Lacki'i^dk,  lU.st.  Nat.  Pois».,  iv,  I'JO,  180U,  Charleston;  ixiiev  anjynips 

Labriisvernicolor,  MireniLi.,  Tran.s.  Lit.  &.  Pliil.  Soc,  i,  1815,464,  New  York. 

Sartjiit  avibansU,  Gii.NTiiER,  Cat.,  i,  44!>,  1859,  New  York. 

Stenotomtis  chi-i/svps,  .louDAN  &.  (J.'LiiEBT,  Syuopsiy,  556;  Jokdan  &.  Feslek,  I.  c,  507. 

1711».  STKNOTtmUJS  Atl'LK.VTUS  (Cuvier  &.  V^aleuciennes). 
(Southern  Poroy.) 

Head  3 ;  depth  21, .  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  11 ;  scales  8-51-15.  Body  elongate 
ovate,  the  depth  gradually  decicaaing  from  first  dorsal  spine  to  caudal 
peduncle;  anterior  profile  not  steep,  nape  slightly  convex,  a  slifj;lit 
depression  above  and  behind  eye,  convex  over  snout;  pectoral  about  as 
long  as  head,  3.!  in  body;  scaly  sheath  at  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal 
inconspicuous;  snout  long  and  pointed,  2  in  head;  eye  large,  less  tliuii 
width  of  preorbital,  about  3J  in  head;  interorbital  area  very  convex;  (1 
strong  c»»nical  teeth  in  front  of  upper  Jaw  and  8  in  lower;  mcdar  tietb 
coarser  and  larger  than  in  •!>>.  chryaopa ;  scales  on  cheek  reaching  to  to^)  of 


Jordan  and  FA'crnmnn. — Fishes  of  North  .hncr/ca.     I'M! 

('VI',  tlio  upper  rowH  I^hb  distiiwit  than  the  lower,  the  anterior  mw  of  about 
:'()  sciileH;  caudiil  liu  inoderutely  forked,  the  iniddh^  ray  about  L'|  in  lon^eHt 
lav.  I'irst  <b)rsiil  Hpine  an  lou);  as  ey«',  the  Hecond  about  hh  long  as  tliird, 
uliiili  i»4  about  2  iu  head;  temporal  erest  obscdete;  frontal  boues  not 
,.il)l>oiis  or  porous;  antrorso  spine  atta<-hed  to  the  fourtli  interneural  by  a 
,|ii\\  iiwiird  projectin;?  ajtur  about  twice  as  lon^j  as  the  Hpine.  ('ohu-  nearly 
|i|;iiM  dull  silvery,  with  ;;olden  longitudinal  streaks,  followinv;  the  rows  of 
>,;il(  h;  axil  tlusky;  ventrals  dark.  South  Atlanti«;  and  (jiilf  eoasts  <d"the 
I'liil'Ml  States,  from  (!upe  llatteras  toTexas,  common.  It  closely  resembles 
tln>  northern  scup,  whi(;h  it  more  <U' hss  n>|da<'es  siuithward.  The  spi-ci- 
iiHiis  here  described  from  ('harleston.     (acuhulim,  spined.) 

(■hr'i^iirhrysaciili-aliix,  (.'rviEii  Jt  Vai.kncikn.nes,  IliMt.  Niit.  I'iiImh.,  vi,  i;i7,  \h:m,  Charles- 


Uin 


Stfiii't'iiiiiit  (iciili'lltlin,  .loKKAN  \-  (ilMIEKT,  SyiliipHiM,  TmT  ;  .lollDAN  A'   KksI.KK,  I.  <\,  f> 


i07. 


552.  CALAMUS,  Swainson. 

(I'K/    I»R    I'LUMA.) 

Ciiliiiiiiin,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hist.  Fislics,  i>t<'.,  n,  1!'.'2,  18:i!»  u-alainus). 
ihiiiniiKitiHs,  I'oKY,  Ami.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  1872,  \H'>  (mieioiiK). 

jiiiily  oldonji,  compre.ssed,  the  back  elevated;  head  large,  the  proorbital 
i|ct'|i;  mouth  small,  the  teeth  stron<r,  those  in  front  conical  or  pointed,  those 
III)  lilies  molar;  preopercle  entire,  jtosterior  nostril  slit-like;  dorsal  tin 
ralliii'  low,  not  much  notched,  the  soft  rays  l(»w,  not  scaly;  caudal  well 
loiKcd;  aualsjdnes  snuill ;  jiectoral  rather  loufj;.  .Second  interhicn.al  bomi 
i-nlar^ed,  hollowed  anteriorly,  or  peu-sha]»ed,  receivinj^  the  posterior  cml 
(if  tlio  air  bladder  in  its  antericu-  groove;  first  spine-beariu}^  interneural 
witliout  an tror.se  spine;  tt^mponil  crest  very  thin  a  '  high,  Joiniu*;  the 
latt'ial  crest  which  forms  part  of  the  margin  of  orbit  above  middle  of  eye, 
l)(tth  crests  coalescing  with  the  supraoeciitital  in  the  cavernous  anterior 
part  of  the  interorbital  area;  interorbital  area  somewhat  contracted  ante- 
riorly; jtrefrontal  process  very  strong,  making  an  obtuse  angle  with  the 
supraorbital,  this  process  forming  a  conspicuous  knob  above  the  long 
posterior  nostril.  Shore  fishes,  remarkably  distinguished  by  the  structure 
oT  tlio  interluenuil.  This  genus  contains  numerous  species,  all  American, 
and  all  very  closely  related.  All  are  valued  as  food-fishes,  {ralamua,  a 
(|uill  or  reed,  from  the  (]uill-like  interha>mal.) 

CALAMI'S: 

((.  Siiili's  coiiiiiaratively  siiiiill,  8  or  O-.^l  to  .OS-IS  or  19;  *  about  0  vertical  rows  of  HcaU'.s 

on  baso  of  itreopcrclc,  with  al)oiit  12  Hcalcs  entering  into  tlie  formal  ion  of  1)10 

lower  margin;  specicH  of  large  hIzo,  with  the  preorbital  deep,  tlie  pectoral  fin 

loijjj,  and  tlie  outer  teeth  Mtrong. 

'/.   liody  very  deep,  the  back  elevated,  the  deiith  in  adult  half  the  length  to  base  of 

10-12 
caudal;  outer  teeth  about  ..,  .,  in  number,  the  outer  one  on  each  side  in  ouo 

or  both  Jaws  HOiuetimeH  enlarged,  caniue-like,  sometimes  directed  forwards, 
especially  in  the  adult. 

'Scales  above  the  lateral  line  are  I'ounted  from  the  base  of  the  lirat  dorsal  spine,  those 
below  the  lateral  Hue  from  the  base  of  the  tirsi  anal  apine. 


I    ■ 


I! 


f  i! 


i; 


t 


if 

r— " 

ai 

"1 

i 

1348         Pulletin  ,^7,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


W 


e.  Preorbital  with  retioulfttionn  of  the  blniiih  gronntl  color  aronnd  bronze apoi s  | 
canines  of  upper  Jaw  URiially  vertical,  but  Huniotinios,  eapt^cially  in  (iNI 
osaniplea,  diructcil  more  or  Ixbh  lioriziintally  forwunl;  litMly  dei'|H  r 
tliun  in  other  HpcicicH,  depth  1  ,"0  to  2^  in  lungth ;  unt«<rior  ]>roflle  not  vi  1  y 
Hteop,  Hlightly  curv(<d;  depth  of  preorhitnl  Iom  than  half  head;  rwi 
large,  dorsal  ftpiues  ntrong,  the  longOHt  2)  to  2\  in  head ;  ])ector^l^  a 
little  more  than  §  bmly,  Color  Hilvory,  the  huHe  and  center  of  each  m^lr 
Kold*>n,  the  edge  bhiiHli,  those  colors  forming  distinct  streaks;  ailtiii 
violet  Htri<ak  below  Hyo,  not  extending  on  eyeor opercle ;  proo  -oital dull 
violet,  this  color  forming  reticulatiouH  around  braHsy  spotH. 

CALAMUS,  IT.'il. 

ec.  I'reorbital  ntgion,  snout, cheek, and  opercles  brassy,  crossed  liy  hori/.onliil. 
wavy,  nonreticulatini;  lines  of  vi(dot  blue,  brightest  on  preorbital  ami 
snout;  a  sky-blue  blotch  behind  eye  over  the  o]iercle,  extending  a  slinrt 
distance  on  body ;  outer  oauinos  of  upper  Jaw  directed  horizontally  t'ur 
ward,  except  in  the  very  young,  these  teeth  longer  than  in  C.  ealam hh; 
anterior  ]iroflle  nearly  straight  and  very  steep  to  the  nape,  tin'ii 
strongly  convex.  Color  silvery,  each  hcoIo  with  a  violet  spot  alxni' 
and  orange  spots  below;  sides  with  dark  oroasbunds  in  life,  wliiih 
disappear  at  death.  pkobiubnb,  17L'!. 

bb.  liiMly  more  elongate,  the  depth  2}  to  2}  in  length. 

(/.  Upper  Jaw  with  a  strong  antrorse  canine  on  eacii  side,  as  in  O.  prorithnt; 
preorbital  with  blue,  wavy  Htri]ies;  preorliitul  deep;  dorsal  high;  yir 
toral  remdiing  front  of  anal;  cheeks  with  blue  tlcxnons  lin^s,  unnstu 
mosing  and  forming  rivulatious;  spinous  dorsal  edged  with  black. 

PENNATULA,  1 7J'.', 
4-0 

dd.  Kpperjaw  without  antrorse  canines,  the  anterior  teeth  strong,  jj  u.  ""i' 

on  each  side  of  upper  Jaw  more  or  loss  enlarged;  liody  rather  oltlom;. 

the  snont  long  and  iiointed,  the  anterior  protllo  forming  a  ni-;irly 

oven  curve  to  front  of  dorsal.    Color  dull  brassy  with  little  liluf:  a 

faint  blue  stripe  below  eye;  preorbital  dull  coppery,  usually  plain, 

Honietinu^s  faintly  vi^inod  with  bluish.    Young  as  in  other  spec ii's. 

with  dark  crossbands.  rajonadu,  ITJll. 

Grammateus  (xpafi^aTtvf,  a  (lulUpen  or  instrument  for  writing) : 

aa.  Scales  comparatively  large,  6  or  7-45  to  52-13  or  14;  about  5  vertical  rows  of  Hcalis 

on  base  of  prcopercle  with  about  0  scales  entering  into  the  formation  of  tiji' 

lower  margin ;  no  antrorse  canines. 

e.  Pectoral  fins  long,  about  3  in  IxMly. 

/.  Scales  of  mmlerate  size,  50  to  52  in  the  lateral  line.    Body  very  deep,  tin' 

bock  elevated,  depth  about  2j(  to  base  of  caudal;  longest  dorsal  .s|iiiii' 

about  half  heml. 

ft-8 
g.  Canines  short  and  strong,  about  ^--„;  preorbital  narrow,  its  lia.-it 

width  2}  to  2}  in  head ;  sni.'ut  short.  Body  much  compressed,  ilic 
back  considerably  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  steep  and  rcjju- 
larly  convex  from  base  of  first  dorsal  spine  to  point  of  simiit. 
Color  brassy  olive,  witli  darker  crossbands  and  few  violet  marks: 
preorbital  plain  brownish;  an  inky  axillary  spot. 

BUACHYSOMI'S,  1724. 

8-10 
gg.  Canines  inoilorate,  about  ^. .    ;  preorbital  broad,  its  least  width  alidiii 

2J  in  hea<1.  Body  moderately  compressed,  rather  elongate,  the 
back  only  mcnlerately  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  convex  tn 
eye,  thence  straight  to  point  of  snout.  Color  smutty  sihiTy, 
with  dork  crossbands;  blotches  on  fins;  no  black  axillary  .tiiot. 

LEVCOSTSUS,  1725, 


ir.   I'e 


Hejuiaj;  dej 
(!-' inches  long 
chicks  with  5  ( 
known  species 
i  length  of  bo 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1349 


//.  Scales  Urge,  about  40  (45  to 48)  In  latoral  line;  iMxIy  rather  elongate,  the 
depth  al>oiit  'ij  in  body ;  lonRoat  dormU  Hpino  alKiiit  2\  in  heail. 

A,  CuuinuH  amall,  about  .„;  eye  largo,  3  in  liea<l;  dorMal  Hpinos  XI ; 

preorbitnl  narrow,  about  04|ual  to  eye.    ]>orHal  outline  forming 

a  comparatively  regular  nnh,   tlio   bock  being  elevat^^d,  the 

anterior  profile  Hteep  and  nearly  Htraight.     Color  pliinilHMiun 

gray,   with  a  blue   Hpot   on   each  Hunlo,   preorbital  witli  bluo 

streaks;  a  blue  streak  bolow  eye;  a  bluo  point  in  the  axil. 

MA<'i«)i-.M,  17'.'e. 
g 
hh.  Canines  moderate,  .  ,  the  outer  on  each  Hide  sonietinitis  <<nlargod; 

eye  rather  small,  about  4^  in  liimd  in  adult;  preorbital  very 
deep;  dorHal  HpineH  XII.  Itody  rather  oblong,  the  Imi^k  not 
Htrongly  arched,  tlie  anterior  profile  rather  evenly  curved. 
Coh»r  dull  silvery,  faintly  banded;  preorbital  plain;  axil 
dusky.  TAUKi.Ni'H,  1727. 

re.  I'ectoral  fin  short,  about  ;t||  in  body. 

i.  DorHul  outline  forming  a  coinparatirely  regular  an^b,  the  anterior  profile 
from  the  unout  to  base  of  the  spinous  dorsal  evenly  convex  ;  the  l)ack 
elevated,  the  depth  in  the  adult  aliout  2^  in  length;  canineH  sul)ei|ual, 


8 
10 ' 


preorbital  not  very  deep;  pectoral  shortish.    Color  dull  silvery, 

with  pearly  spots  on  scales  of  back;  preorbital  bliilHli,  plain  or  with 

pearly  markings,  without  blue  stripes;  a  faint  pale  streak  below  eye; 

axil  with  a  small  inky  black  spot;  crossbars  on  body  usually  ]ier- 

sistent.  pknna,  1728. 

Dorsal  outline  not  forming  a  regular  arch,  the  anterior  prolilo  straight 

from  base  of  spinous  dorsal  to  nape,  where  a  rather  sharp  angle  is 

formed,  thence  straightish  above  eye,  the  snout  convex ;  liody  rather 

elongate,  the  depth  about  2^  in  length. 

8 
10* 


j.  Preorbital  deep,  nearly  twice  diameter  of  eye;    canine  teeth 


Body  oblong,  the  back  little  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  un- 
evenly curved,  very  convex  before  eye.  Color  olivaceous,  with 
dark  bars  or  spots,  the  centers  of  many  scales  pearly;  6  yellow- 
ish s|>ots  ahing  the  lateral  line;  preorbital  brownish,  usually 
with  dashes  of  golden  yellow;  membrane  of  opercle  orange; 
fins  mostly  barred  or  spotted.  ARfrriFitoNS,  1720. 

j).  Preorbital  not  deep,  pectoral  short,  IJ^  in  head;  dorsal  fins  low,  the 

g 
longest  spine  about  3  in  heiul;   canines      ,   nimlerate,  equal. 

o 

Body  little  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  rather  strongly  convex, 
the  curve  continuous  from  snout  to  middle  of  dorsal.  Color 
olivaceous,  with  darker  crossbands;  preorbital  plain;  a  dark 
axillary  spot ;  a  blue  subocular  band.  meuius,  1730. 

Subgenus  CALAMUS. 

J720.  CALAMI'S  CALAMUf?  (Cuvier  &,  Valenciennes). 

(SAUCER-ETE  PORGY;  PeZ  I)E  Pi.uma.) 

Hejul  ^\  depth  IVw  to  2^  (2|  in  total).  Eye  large,  3f  in  head  in  adults 
(12  inches  long).  D.  XII,  12  (XIII,  11) ;  A.  Ill,  10,  or  III,  11.  Scales  9-54-16, 
chicks  with  5  or  6  series  of  scales.  Body  elevated  more  than  in  any  other 
known  species  of  this  genus,  the  dopth  in  adult  heing  slighty  more  than 
i  length  of  body.     Anterior  profile  less  steep  than  in  C.  provident,  the 


m 


! 


1350         nuUclin  /7,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


V'W-i\^- 


ontlint^  of  Kiiniit  Itoiii^  Nlifrlitly  fiirvnd;  in  uiIiiUh  tlin  HiitcdorHiiI  region  is 
very  Hliarply  coiiipirHHcil  antl  Horii<nvluit  j^ililioiiH,  toriniii);  alxivu  nyn  an 
iingl*'  with  rent  of  prolilo.  (inMittmt  ilt-ptli  ot'pnMirltitiil  iiion^  than  A  hmd 
in  atlnlt.  Mouth  Hniall,  tho  maxillary  Hcarcoly  roarhin^  vortical  trniu 
front  of  oy«\ -ii  in  IioimI.  Ont»r  tooth  NtrunK.  altont  10  to  lli  in  nnnilxi, 
tho  oiitor  nn*<  on  oarh  hIiIh  in  oiio  or  lioth  JawHHoniotiniUH  oniar^i'il,  caniiir 
liUo,  hut  H(Mnotiin«H,  (tHpocially  in  old  oxaniploH,  dirrctoil  nn>r»  or  Ichh  hen- 
/.untally  forward,  (till  rakorH  Hnnill,  altont 'I -{-<••  HoiHal  Hpini;H  Htr()n;:<'i 
and  lower  than  in  ('. iiroriilenn,  thr  lon^rnHt  2^  in  head;  itoctoialH  ritachin;; 
Nli^htly  hoyond  vtsrtical  from  fioiit  of  unal,  rather  more  than  \  htngth  ui 
>M)dy;  ventralH  l.t  in  len^^th;  aual  Hpin*-H  rohuHt.  Color  in  life,  Hilvt'iy 
with  IduiHh  relloctioiiH;  tho  Iwiho  and  central  portionH  of  each  hcuIi' 
golden,  forming  diHtinct  lonj^itndinal  HtripoH,  tho  HtripoH  hotwocn  tin  si< 
])oarly  or  hluiHh ;  rowH  of  H(;aloH  on  cIiooUh  and  oporcloH  with  the  )ioail\ 
htripo  niodian,  the  ^roldcn  marginal;  a  doop  violet  Htroak  helow  orhit,  umi 
oxtcndinjr  forward  on  Hnont  nor  haokward  on  oi)orfl<>N;  proorhital  dn]) 
dull  violot  liUo  tho  Huout,  tho  }rroun<l  cohtr  forniiiif;  reti<-ulationH  aroiiml 
<'OMHpi(;nouH  round  ItraHHy  Hpotn  which  cover  half  tho  Hurface;  naked  )i:iit 
of  the  prco])erclo  HonietiincH  Hiniilarly  nnirked,  more  often  colored  like  the 
hody ;  edjje  of  opercle  j?ilt;  lower  Jaw  diiHky  vicdet;  axil  golden;  ItaHo  of 
pectoral  above  with  a  violet  bar;  tins  all  pale,  vaguely  hlotclied  witlnlnll 
oranjre;  ventr.ilH  more  or  Icsh  dusky  on  innor  rayH;  commiHsnro  of  lipH 
yellow;  iris  j^oldon.  Length  If)  inches.  West  IndioH,  north  to  Floiidii 
Keys;  generally  connnon  about  Key  West  and  Havana,  less  abundant tlian 
proriikns  or  bujonado.*    (calamuH,  a  rood,  the  equivalent  of  pe:  dc  pluma.) 

I'anilliin  calamnii,  CuviKii  \  Vai.knciennks,  Hist.  Nut.  IViins.,  vi,  'JOO,  pi.  l.W,  18TO,  Martini 

que;  San  Domingo. 
CalamuM  iifgaceiihalut,  Swai.n.hon,  Nnl.  Hint.  Fisli.,  ii,  2'J'J,  1H;ii»;  uI'Iim-  (Jivieu  Sc  Vai.kn 

eiKNNKS. 

I'a<jelliiH  orhitariut,  I'oKV,  MnnioriaH,  ii,  L'Ol,  1800,  Havana. 

Calamu*  maeropg,  Jouiian  *  (rii.iiKUT,  .SyiiopHis,  0'J7,  18H;(,  Garden  Key,  Florida. 
Vlirysophrys  cnlamiig,  (iC'NTMEH,  CJat.,  i,  487,  I85U;  Hevcral  H|MM'if.s  conroiiiKh'd. 
flparuH  orbitariut,  I'oEV,  SynopHis,  .'lOH,  18<I8. 

Cidamim  ralainim,  .Iokdan  &  (iiLiiEKT,  I'r<»\  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mum.  1884, 17,  .Iohdan  &  I-'eslkk, 
I.e.,  511. 

17>il.  <  ALANI  S  PKOItinKNS,  Jordan  \  (iilhert. 

(I.IITLE  IIEAK    I'OKdV;    I'KZ   UK   I'l.lMA.) 

Head  3^  to  ;{,}  in  length  (1^  in  total);  depth  2  to  2it  (2ii  to  .'{);  eye  iikmI 
crate,  i  in  head  in  adult  (11  inchcH  long),  3  in  head  in  young  «if  6  inches.  !>. 
XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  10.  Scales  !l-r)8-l(!.  Body  much  elevated,  more  so  than  in 
any  other  known  .species  except  in  C.  valtimii8.  In  adults  the  anterior  pmlili' 
rises  in  a  straigl-  Mne  very  stoeitly  to  the  nape,  thence  in  a  gentle  curve  tn 
front  of  dorsal.     In  the  young  the  profile  ri-ses  less  rapidly  and  is  convex; 


♦Among  tho  specimens  in  the  museum  at  ('amliridKe  are  some  of  the  types  of  ('aluiiiim 
orhitnriux.  In  some  of  these  none  of  the  eaiiines  is  turned  forward,  and  lione  of  the  spcci 
mens  ecdlected  hy  Dr.  Jordan  at  Key  West  and  Havana  mIkovn  this  cliaraelor.  In  oili-rs, 
however,  tiu!  outermost  of  tlio  7  or  8  <-anine8  in  the  up)»er.jaw  is  turned  directly  forwiinl, 
as  iu  C.proruli'iis.  Some  of  these  also  show  an  ap)>ro\imation  to  tlie  liead  noioratimi  ul 
C.  proriileiis.  The  dorsal  spines  and  the  de^tth  of  tho  proorhital  show  that  all  llicsi 
belong  to  V.  calamua. 


fordnn  and  Evfrwanu. — /'is/us  of  Xorth  Atntrica. 


i.mi 


„i-,.!it»'Ht  (l<'|tth  of  pn'orliital  Mli^^liMy  more  thiiti  \  length  «>r  lioiul  in  luliilt. 
Moiitli  not  lln>>:«^  Ww  iiiiixillury  Hnimtly  rtturhin^  vxrtinil  from  t'roiit  of 
i>r1)it,  \  luiiK^'i  "'  \wm\.  Aiit»i-ior  tt'i^th  of  mitttr  Ht>ii«N  nliKlitly  lon^itr  iiiitl 
iiiorr  iiiliiiHt  Mian  tlioHti  ut'  tlio  ninlirorni  hiiii<l;  in  llin  n|i|MM-  Jinv  on  *>a<-h 
siili'  1  ol'  tli*'s«>  ontfT  tt'otli  iMTonu^M  nincli  <>nlar){«Ml,  <'anin<--lik«>,  <lirt'ctt><l 
iililiM<>*''y  lorwanl  unil  tlownwani,  iiml  Htron^rlv  rnrv«(l,  lliu  u|>|i«i'  Hniiai-u 
niiii  avo;  tlHTo  are  iiHually  7  turtli  of  tin-  outer  Hrrics  iM'twci'n  timso  two 
I. mill)"':  »<>  »vi<l**>>t'  arci'HHory  Hi-rivH  of  molars,  (iill  laktTH  Hliort  aii<l 
liliiiit,  alioiit  I  -f(>.  SralfHou  top  of  li<>a<l  ondin^  iiltrnptly  ah<»vu*\yo;  Hiiont, 
iiiti  loriiital,  pr«M>rl>ita],  Huliorliital,  cliin,  and  (Ml^ti  of  prt<oper<-lo,  iiakud; 
a  itiiiiiKiiliir  ])ati'h  <»f  sralns  on  cImm'U,  arraii^iMJ  in  7  or  8  HcrioH.  iJorMal 
MiiiiHs  sioiidt-r  and  lii^l'.  tl>"'  l<»n;;«'Mt  \  licad;  pottoralH  rtMirliini;  vt'rtiral 
iiiiiii  iiriKin  of  anal  tin,  \  lunjjtli  «d'  body  ;  v«>nirals  r*  in  liMij^ili ;  upper  lolut 
(il  I  initial  as  lon^  as  head,  Hli^litly  lon^or  than  lower  lolie.  Color  in  life, 
siivi  ry,  with  liriKlit  relleitions  ahove,  luueh  nioie  lii'i|r|itly  ecdorud  than  in 
III  lit  r  spet'it's;  each  Hcaln  above  niitldh)  of  Hi«leH  with  a  Hpot.  tif  rit-h  violet- 
liliii'  1)11  its  hasal  jtortion,  these  ftiriniii};  diHtinct  Itui^itutliiuil  streakH  alonj; 
till  rt»ws  t)f  Hiales;  tin  lower  ]>art  of  body  these  blue  Hpots  am  replated  by 
iiiile  mange  spotH,  faint  in  the  yttuu);,  very  tlistinet  in  adnltH.  In  life 
till'  hiilos  have  dark  baiidn,  whieh  diHapjiear  after  death;  a  tlilVnsv,  111- 
ilfliiit'tl  liori/outal  vitdet-bliie  area  above  oporclo  extending  back  on  to  the 
Hhiiiiltler;  a  well-dolined  hori/.ontnl  deep-blue  stripe  below  eye;  another, 
siiiiicwliat  lesH  distinct,  above  ttrbit;  preorbital  region,  Huout,  cheeks,  and 
opiiriiH  brassy  or  bron/e,  erossed  with  hori/t>ntal,  wavy,  nt)nretieulating 
Inns  of  violet  blhe,  thene  (U)lorH  more  markeil  on  preorbital  and  Huout; 
tiit>  stii-nk  trossing  snout  above  ntrntrils  wider  and  rather  more  eonspieu- 
oiiHtliiin  the  others;  dorsal  uiarketl  with  orange  and  very  bright  vitdet, 
its  margin  always  orange,  more  or  less  bright  iu  life;  eantlal  bantled  with 
iliill  (iiMiige;  anal  distinetly  blue  shaded;  ventrals  not  dark,  with  mt>re  or 
IcsH  li^lit  yellow;  axil  slightly  dusky;  iris  dark,  with  gilt  ring.  West 
Iniiii'H,  north  to  Floriila  Keys;  the  most  brightly  etdored  of  the  genuH, 
very  aliuudant  about  the  Florida  Keys.  It  is  not  tpiite  ho  eommtm  either 
at  K*!y  West  or  at  Havana  as  dahimiiH  hajouado,  but  in  both  places  either 
M|M(ii'sfar  oiitnumberHall  the  remaining  species  combineil.  (/)ror«,  prow  ; 
denx,  tooth,  from  the  projecting  canines.) 

I'liluiiiiin  megaciiihiHu-'i,  ,}()\a>\ti  \  (In.iiKRr,  Syiio|tnis,  92<i,  I8«:i;  not  i>f  Swainson. 
('aliiiitii»i>innittiil(i,  .JtiUKAN  iV  (iii.iir.itr,  I'rof.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Miim.18H4,  ITi;  not  ol'Gru  HKNot. 
Calamnn  /DonV/cd*,  JomiAN  A  Gu.hekt,  l'rt)f.  V.  H.  Nat.  Muh.  1HH4, 15(1,  Key  West ;  iloK- 
DAN  \  Feslkk,  i.  (•.,511. 


I7'i'i.  CALAMrS   I>i;N>AT|TIiA,  (iiiittlienut. 

itoily  much  more  elongate  than  in  CalamitH  pioridrtia,  with  which  it 
setMiis  (ithtrwise  to  agree;  the  tiepth  2'f  in  length.  Upjter  Jaw  with  a 
Htroni;  aatrtirse  canine  on  each  side,  as  in  C.  proridem;  eye  small ;  preorbital 
tlei'ii;  checks  with  6  rows  of  8<'ale8;  dorsal  high,  pectoral  reaching  front 
of  anal;  preorbital  with  blue  wavy  stripes;  cheeks  with  bhie  tlexuons 
lines,  aiuistomosed  and  forming  rivnlations;  spinous  dorsal  edged  with 
black  (<iuichcnot).     West  Indies;  known  only  from  Guichenot's  descrip- 


'  I 


T 


■I 


m 


1.'152  nHllclin  /7,  f^niltd  States  h\itioHal  I\fuscHm, 


tloii,  which  h»N  1h>oii  vnrilhiil  for  iin  on  tlin  ori^innl  typn  hy  Mr.  Alexniiili  r 
Thomiiiot.     (ptiniatula,  iliiniiiiillvo  itt' peiina,  u  )|uill.) 

Valamui  pfuitalula,  Ouioiiknot,  HovlNion  iIkm  I'aKi'N,  110,  Martinique;  Jouhan  A  Fkh. 

I.KII,  l.f.,bl'i. 

I7*.>!i.  CAI.ANI'S   IIAJOMAIM)  (llloih  ,V  H<liiii<l<li'r). 

(JOLTIIKAI)    I'OKIIV;    lU.IONAIMI.) 

I[i;a<l  :t  ill  loii^th  (I  in  tottil);  <lc|itli  I'K  (.'<  in  lt>tnl);  cyn  liirK<s  l-'i  in 
youii^)  to  f)  (in  luliilU)  in  lni|{th  of  homl.  I>.  Ml,  12;  A.  Ill,  11).  SimIin 
7-r>l-17.  Hotly  1«)HH  «l«n'iit»il  iliiin  in  tlio  two  Hpocit'H  iirocoiUn^,  tho  Himiit 
ion^  and  pointod,  the  iintorioi'  protilo  rising  HJowly  in  an  uvon  roiiiHo  to 
front  of  ilorNal ;  in  thn  yoiiiif;  tin-  antttiior  prolilo  is  morn  liliintly  roiimli  d, 
tho  Hupraorltitiil  ro^ioii  nioro  ])i-oiiiinont,  and  the  jtrotllo  of  Hiioiit  HtiMtpn. 
(}roat«!Ht  dopth  of  prtiurbital  ratlii^r  nioro  thiin  oiu'-hulf  lun^tli  of  hcml  in 
adnltH  2  foot  lon^;,  2j  in  hoad  in  yonii^  <if  (i  iiKdiOH.  Mouth  inoditrnit', 
inaxiilary  not  reacliin^  vortical  from  orltit  oxi-opt  in  yoiin^,  noarly  liilf 
length  of  hoad  in  adnltH,  L'j  in  hoad  in  HpfciinoiiH  of  H  iin-hoH.  Anti  rioi 
tooth  of  oiitor  HorioH  niiudi  fiilar^td  and  Htroiif^tr  than  thti  cardiforni  liiiml, 
ov«*n  in  tho  yoiin^;  in  adnltH  tlit'Ho  hocoino  vory  Htron^ly  dovolopod,  :iiii| 
aro  tlion  noarly  an  loltiiHt  as  tho  iiioliirH;  tlioir  niinibor  Ht-tniH  to  bo  iku- 
iiially  2  or  !<  on  oarh  Hidu  in  tho  iippor  Jaw  and  '.i  (»r  i  on  oadi  Hido  in  ilic 
lower,  but  this  Ih  Hubjoct  to  iiiiioh  variation;  tho  upper, jaw  liaH  frot|iUMillv 
onoof  thoBo  nioro  enlarged  than  tho  oMiorH,  and  canino  like.  Tho  inoi:iis, 
aH  iiHiiul  in  tliiH  ^ouuh,  in  K  HoricH  in  tho  iippor  jaw  and  2  in  tho  lower; 
besidcM  theso  thoro  Ih  qnitu  constantly  toward  tho  front  <■"  the  Jaw  ;;ii 
interior  siippleinontal  HerioH  of  inolarH,  both  above  and  '  v.  DotHul 
HpinoH  slender,  tb<«  hi^rhoHt  2ij  in  hoad,  tho  Hoft  rayn  low;  pinoN  ni- 

buHt;  pectoralH  hni^, rruchiii^  paHt  orifrin  of  anal,  2!j  to  ',\  in  length;  Vfii- 
trals  nearly  reaching  vent,  1{J  in  head.  Color  in  life,  brasHy,  rather  ilnll, 
and  with  littlobliio  marking,  tho  middle  of  oach  Hcalo  Hhining,  but  Hcancly 
bluish ;  a  bine  strijio  below  eye,  nari-ower  nnd  duller  than  in  tho  precc<liii;r 
spocioB,  and  extending  well  forward  on  proorbital ;  a  second  duller  sticnk 
above  this,  tho  two  mooting  on  forehead;  proorbital  dull  copjtery,  riitch 
with  irregular  an<l  ohHcnrc  bine  linos,  these  sometimes  forming  obsiiin' 
voining,  and  always  growing  duller  with  ago;  lower  Jaw  dull  purjiliHJi; 
angle  of  mouth  purplish  and  orange  yellow;  axil  yellowish;  no  vinlit 
baud  on  base  of  pectoral;  tins  jilaiu,  tho  ventrals  sometimes  sli;;litly 
dusky,  tho  caudal  obscurely  barred.  A  young  spocinion  had  4  or  .'>  I'liint 
orange  blotches  along  back.  liongth  2  foot.  West  Indies,  north  to  Floi  i(l;i 
Keys;  most  abundant  of  the  genus,  and  reaching  a  larger  si/(^  than  any  cil 
the  others.  Tho  largest  seen  by  us  wore  22  inches  long.  It  is  the  dnllrsi 
in  color  of  tho  large  species,  (hajouudo,  the  Cuban  name,  equivalent  t" 
bayonet,  and  probably  alluding  to  the  intorha'mal.) 

llajonado,  Takra,  Uif.  IMozaH  Hist.  Nat.  Culm,  13,  him.  8, 1787,  Havana. 

Sparui  bajiinado,  ISlocii  it  Scuneidek,  Syat.  lolitli.,  284, 1801 ;  utter  I'ahra. 

Pagellut  caninvs,  PoEV,  MoinorinH,  ii,  19!),  1860,  Havana. 

Calamus pliimatula,  iivicnEiioT,  Hov.  Panels,  110,  Martinique;  Joiiuan,  rroc. U.  S.  Nai. 

Miis.  1880, 5;t7j  roexaininatioii  ot'typo. 
I'agellus  bajonado,  Poey,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1803, 177. 


m. 


Ionian  and  /y^'irniann. — /•'is/us  of  iVoflfi  .hnrnVa.      \'Mt''\ 


Kiiiimnriitti),  .'i.'i, 


,l„    I'oicv    Ann    I.v.".  Nut.  U\nt.  N.   V.,  x,  187*.',  ITfl,  |i1.  vl,  ll«.  I;  l'nr.v, 


|M7ft,  .liiHovN  .\  (iiiiiKin.  I'riM'.  I'  s.  Nui.  Miin.  triMt,'.'*);  .Ihhhan  >V. 

Subgenun  OKAMMATEUS,  I'oiy. 
i;-.>l.  rAI.AHIX  llltA«  IIYM»WI  S  (l.o.kinuliiii). 
(MoiAIIIIA  Oakaiiata.) 
||i'iiilM\;  (l«-plh  '21',  ».vo  inotloriilo,  alKtiit    II    in   liuad  in   luliill;  hi-uIoh 
i:;.     1).  Ml,  11;  A.  Ill,  U).     Umly  iiiiK'h  ctHiipii'H.stMl,  Nlini't  and  <l(Mtp, 
lull  K    cnn^itloinlily  olt'vatiMl,  tliti  aiitriiiir  |ii'ulil«t  Htocp  aixl  ri>u;nlarl.v 
Iroiii  l)aMiiiir  lii^^t  (loiHal  Hpiiio  ti)  iiuint  nl'  Hnnnl  ;  Hiioiit  Nliort,  I'/  to 
ht'iitl;  iiioiitli  Rniall,  maxillary  altoiit  •'■  in  In  ad.     ('anin<-r4  Nhort  uiid 


(i  ,".n 
il 


1  HUM'S 


in 


«itr(iii; 
I" 


alioiit 


noantriirHrianino.s;  pntnltit  a!  narrow,  itH  IiiinI  widthLM 


>piiii) 
ii.il>'  I 


ill  lii'ad;  ^iil  rakriH  very  Hniall,  tiWout  I  -{-*'>•  I't't'toral  nunow  and 
n-iiriiiii^  to  tli*t  voi'lirul  t'i'oni  tlio  origin  ol'tiist  iinal  ray,  altoiitl'l  in 
:  Hucond  nnd  third  anal  HpiiifH  iiltont  «M|iuii,  :t  in  lioad;  lil'tli  dorHitl 
2  in  hoad.  Snout,  intororhital,  prcorititalN,  Hitliorhitais,  and  cliin, 
i;  Ht'alt'8  on  <du'«li  in  alioiit  5  Hfri»!H.  Color  lirasny  o'ivc  with  durlu'r 
I  iiissliiinilH  iintl  law  vhdut  inaikN;  proorhital  plain  liro'vniHh,  an  inky 
iiviliai'V  Hpot;  viMitraJH  dusky.  Lon^th  la  imlifH.  (iiilf  of  California  and 
iii-iL;iilioriii.<  watitr.s;  loyally  altnndant  from  Ma;rdaifna  May  to  Ma/.atlan; 
a  iiMiil-lisli  of  Home  importance,  (///xr,!'!'?,  Hhort;  (hhiat,  hotly.) 
SfiiniH  liniehi)iniiiiiit,  LocKlNHTON,  I'riMi,  U.S.  Niit.  Mim,  IHHO, 'JHI,  Magdalcna  Boy,  Lower 
California. 


Cil.' 


.thlilt'hlltiiiinig,  KVKR.\IANN  A   .IKNKINM,  I' 


r.  S.  Nut.  Mum.  181)1,  l.'>a;  .Jokuan  ^v. 


I.BIl,  I. 


,  51'J 


t't'i't.  J'ALAMIH  I.HrcOSTKlIM,  .Tonliin  \  (iill.ort. 
( WniTi;  HUNK  roimv.) 
licaii;!];  doplh  '2\',  «\vo  rather  larij*^  IVl  in  head  in  adults;  Mcalcs  7  or 
s-.">l-ll.     1>.  .\1I,  1-;  A.  Ill,  10.     Hody  lornicd  much  as  in  ('(ihuniiHptiniti, 
nhort  iiml  deep,  witliHtrep  anterior  proliluantl  hij-h,  art'hed  hack,  the  i»ro- 
liln  MiMily  straijjht  from  snout  to  ahovo  oycs,  thence  convex.     I  lead  deeper 
tliaii  Idiij;,  tlio  ]trcorhital  rejfion  very  deep,  itH  least  depth  '2i   in  head, 
liiilf  i;iiiiti'r  than  interorhital  width.     A  Ktrong  blunt  prominence  heforo 
ov»^     .Miiuth  rather  large,  the  nuixillury  '2\  in  head.    Outer  teeth  in  hoth 
jaws   iiimicrately  enlarged,  eanino-Iike,   about  10  in    each  jaw,  none  of 
tliiiii  (lirectcd  I'orward;  gill  rakers  very  wlnirt  and  wide  apart,  about  ;{-|-H. 
Ilijjhc.st  dorsal  spine  '2\  in  head;  i»ectorul8  very  long,  reatdiingto  the  ver- 
tical ri'oui  liaHe  of  tliird  anal  Hpino,  L':|    in  length  of  body ;  ventralH  1:  in 
lit'iid.     .^calcH  large,  those  on  cheeks  in  ."»  rows.     Smutty  silvery ;  sides  with 
vii}{iioir(iHsbars;  dorsal  and  anal  lins  with  dark  blotches;  ventrals  dusky ; 
no  hhirk  axillary  spot.     South  Atlantic  coast  of  I'nited  States,  in  rather 
(let|i  water,  known  only  from  the  markets  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 
I,t'ii;;tli  ;il)()Ut  a  foot.     {Xeuxoi,  white;   odrtor,  bone,  from  the  uommou 
iiiiiiio.  the  application  of  which  is  unknown  to  us.) 

Cnhiiiiif  hiijoiiinbi,  JoHitAS  \-    (iu.iiEU'l',    Syuopsis,   020,    1883;   not  bajonadii,    Blocii   &. 
Si  IINKIUKll. 

I'alaiiiiiiiliiifniitciis,  JoKDAN  &,  (lu.iiKUT,  in  JouDAN,  Ciit.  Fislu'S  N.  A.,  91, 1885,  Charleston 
(I'lill.  (  liaili-S  C.  Lfslio);  JOBDAN  &  Fesi.eu,  /.  c.,513. 

;j();;o ?< 


JW 


^ 


1354  nuUethi  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


\i  ■■  ' 


1720.  CALAMI'S  MACR0P8,  Pooy. 

Heart  Si^h;  rtopth2i^;  eye  large,  .*bout  Sin  heart.  D.  XI,  12;  A.  Ill,  Id. 
Body  rather  elongate;  scales  large;  rtorsal  outline  forming  a  coniparu- 
tively  regular  arch,  the  back  being  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  steep  and 
nearly  straight.  Canines  uiuall,  about  10  to  12;  preorbital  narrow,  about 
equal  to  eye;  mouth  small,  the  maxillary  about  2^  in  heart.  Color  plum- 
beous gray,  with  a  blue  spot  on  each  scale;  preorbital  with  blue  8trrak.s; 
a  b»  no  streak  below  eye;  a  blue  point  in  the  axil;  fins  pale  (Poey).  Cuba; 
known  only  from  Pooy's  rtescription  and  figure.     ( ftanpoi,  large ;  &5^,  ey»!. ) 

Calamus  ma'-rops,  I'oby,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist,  N.  Y.  1872,  181,  fi^.  3,  Havana ;  Jordan  >v 
Fbblek,  I.  c,  S13. 

1727.  t\LA3Il'S  TAURINUS  (Joiiyns). 

Heart  3  to  3k;  rtcptli  2+:  eye  4*;  scales  6-46-14.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  lo. 
Bod}'  rather  elevated,  deeper  than  in  Calamus  arctifrons,  the  anterior  pru- 
file  rather  evenly  ciirved,  but  not  very  strongly  convex.  Head  narrowed 
above,  but  broad  through  the  supraorbital  region ;  profile  rising  from  naiio 
to  front  of  dorsal,  the  occipital  crest  as  high  as  eye;  preorbital  very  di!(]i, 
its  least  depth  =  maxillary,  2^  in  head.  Moi.+.h  large,  not  reaching  verti- 
cal from  front  of  orbit.  Outer  teeth  moderately  enlarged,  normally 
placed,  the  large  teeth  {\^.  Eye  moderate,  1^  in  interorbital,  2  in  pic- 
orbital.  Longest  dorsal  spine  2'i  ;  pectoral  very  long,  2^  in  body,  reachini; 
second  anal  spine,  which  is  4  in  heart.  Color  rtuU  silvery,  with  faint  dark 
crossbauds;  preorbital  plain ;  anal  dusky;  ventrals  pale ;  ertge  of  operdi^ 
dusky.  Galapagos  Islands  to  Peru.  We  have  examined  many  specimons 
in  the  museum  at  Cambrirtge,  from  Charles  Islanrt,  one  of  the  Galapaj^os. 
The  above  description  from  a  specimen  from  Payta,  Peru.  (From  iauruK, 
bull;  buUheadcrt.) 

Ohrysophrys  taurina,  Jenvns,  Zool.  Boagle,  Fishes,  56,  pi.  vn,  12,  1842,  Galapagos  Islands 
(Coll.  Cliarles  Darwin);  Valenciennes,  Voyajje  Vi?nHs,  v,  330,  1846. 

Chrytophrys  cyanoptera,  V  ai,enc;::nnes,  Voyage  Vouus,  v,  pi.  4,  fig.  2, 1846,  Charles  Island, 
Galapagos  Group. 

(Jalainui  taiirinus,  Jordan  &  Uollman,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1889, 181 ;  Jordan  &  Fesi  Kit, 
I.e.,  513. 

1728.  CALAMUS  PKN>'A  (Cavier  &  ^'alencienne8). 

(LiTTLE-MOCTH   POIOY ;   SHEEPSHEAD  PoKOV.) 

Head  3  to  3i;  depth  2/i  (2$  iu  tota]);  eye  rather  small,  3|  to  4^  in  head 
in  specimens  from  6  to  11  inches  long.  D.XII,12;  A. Ill,  10;  scales  6-4S-i;i 
Body  somewhat  higher  than  in  C.  bajonado.  Anterior  profile  evenly  con- 
vex to  front  of  dorsal,  rising  slowly  and  not  strongly  arched.  Preorliitiil 
low,  2'},  to  3  in  head,  about  ecjualing  interorbital  width.  Mouth  moderate, 
the  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  orbit,  2|  to  l.';i  iu 
head.  Outer  series  of  teeth  .'interiorly  in  both  Jaws  somewhat  enlarged, 
small  and  uniform  in  si/.o,  8  to  10  in  each  .jaw;  no  accessory  row  of  molars 
in  either  jaw.  Dorsal  low,  the  highest  dorsal  spine  about  2^  in  head; 
pectorals  about  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  anal,  3^  in  length ;  \  eu- 


-f 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1365 

tralH  \\  to  2  in  head.  Scales  lar^e,  in  about  5  vortical  series  ou  clieuks. 
C'ltlor  dull  silvery  with  pearly  markings,  without  blue  stripes;  a  faint 
ji;ilr  streak  below  eye;  axil  with  a  small  inky  black  spot;  ventrols  black- 
ish; dark  crossbars  on  body  usually  persistent.  A  small  specimen  i:i  the 
iiiuHium  at  Cambridge,  wliich  may  be  the  type  of  Poey's  Pafiellua  hiimHiH, 
In  lon^s  to  this  species.  This  example  is  0  inches  long,  the  eye  nearly  4  in 
III'  1(1,  tbe  depth  2^  in  length,  and  the  pectoral  as  long  as  head.  The  type 
(il  Calamus  nucropu  Ouichenot,  is  in  the  museum  at  Paris.  It  agrees  with 
( iihimiis  pcinia  in  all  respects  except  the  size  of  the  eye,  which  is  4*  in 
lii'iid.  Southern  Florida  to  Hrazil,  common ;  known  from  Charlotte  Harbor, 
K(  y  West,  Rio  Janeiro,  St.  Thomas,  Havana,  Camaru,  and  Kio  Grande  do 
Sill.     (jjeMMO,  a  <iuill  or  pen.) 

!'iiijellus  pctna,  Cdvier  &.  A'^at-knciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poi.ss.,  vi,  209, 1830,  Brazil. 

r,i  lelhis  microps,  GuuuENOT,  iu  IJanioii  do  hi  Sagra,  Hist.  Cuba,  188,  pi.  ;»,  fi^.  1,  1845, 

Havana. 
}'it>iiih(n  humilii,  POKY,  Sjtnopaia,  308, 1808,  Havana. 
l'(i:iAlnn  milneri,  Ogope  &  Hean,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miia.  1879,  134,  Charlotte  Harbor, 

Florida.     (Type,  No.  0134.    Coll.  C.  K.  Uakt  r.) 
(inniimati'ug  Innnills,  Poey,  Enunioratio,  .'iO,  1875. 
Si'iii-iig  milneri,  Jord.vn  &  Gn.nEHT,  Synopsis,  556. 
VaUniiut  peima,  Jordan  &.  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1884,  21 ;  Jorkan  &  Fesleh, 

l.Cbli. 


I 


!  \ 


I 

I 


1729.  CALAMI'S  AIMJTIFROXS,  Goodo  &  Bean. 


(Ghas.s  Pohoy;  .Siiad  Poroy.) 

I  lead  3i ;  d(>pth  2? ;  scales  (W8-13.  D.  XII,  12 ;  A.  Ill,  10.  Rody  oblong, 
till'  back  little  elevated,  not  nearly  so  much  as  in  C.  penna,  the  anterior 
piiilile  unevenly  curved,  very  convex  before  eye;  head  narrow  above; 
dorsal  outline  not  forming  a  regular  arch,  the  anterior  proiile  straight 
tVoni  base  of  spinous  dorsal  to  nape,  where  a  rather  sharp  angle  is  formed, 
tlitnce  straightish  above  eye,  the  snout  convex;  nearly  straight  along 
Imsi-  of  spinous  dorsal ;  scales  on  cheek  in  4  or  5  series ;  the  orbitals,  snout, 
chill,  and  edge  of  preopercle,  naked.  Preorbital  deep,  its  depth  2^  in  hoa<l, 
and  nearly  twice  diameter  of  eye,  which  is  4  to  5  in  head ;  pectoral  3*  in 
body,  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals;  longest  dorsal  spine  2^  in  head; 
third  anal  spine  the  hmgest,  5;  canine  teeth  8-10;  gill  rakera  small  and 
blunt,  about  4-j-  6.  Color  olivaceous  with  dark  bars  or  spots,  the  centers 
of  many  scales  pearly;  6  yellowish  spots  along  the  lateral  line;  pre- 
orbitnl  brownish,  usually  with  dashes  of  golden  yellow;  membrane  of 
opt'icle  orange;  tins  mostly  barred  or  spotted;  ventrals  pale,  faintly 
lianed.  (iulf  of  Mexico,  from  Pensacola  to  Key  West;  a  small  porgy 
(•omiiion  in  the  eelgrass  about  Key  West,  and  ranging  northward  at  least 
to  I'ensacola;  not  known  from  the  West  Indies,  {arctus,  contracted; 
frons,  forehead.) 

Calaiinis  aretifrons,  Goode  &  liKAN,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1882,  425,  Pensacola  (Type, 
No.  30163.  Coll.  Silas  Stearii.s) ;  Jordan  \-  Gii.heut,  Synopsis,  928;  Joruan  \ 
r.ii.uERT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1884,  23  ;  Jordan  &  Swain,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1884, 
232 ;  Jordan  &,  Fesler,  I.  <-.,  514. 


|i 


,y. 


•1 


mw  I 


1356         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


17:tO.  CAIiANlN  mi:  III  IS  (Tuty). 

Head  3,^ ;  <loptli  21;  scales  ?-46-?,  D.  XIT,  12;  A.  Ill,  10.  IJody  snl. 
eliptical,  rather  elongate,  dneix'st  at  front  of  dorsal,  tliti  anterior  profiln 
rather  strongly  «'onvex,  the  ••iir'fi  coutiniionH  from  snout  to  middle  of 
dorsal.  I'reorbital  not  deep,  its  depth  2^  in  b*'ad;  pectoral  short,  li  in 
head;  cniincs  2,  moderate,  equal.  Color  olivaceous,  with  darker  cross 
bands;  preorbltal  plain;  v«>ntrals  dark;  a  dark  axillary  spot;  a  bliM' 
subocnlar  band.  West  Indies,  here  descrilM-d  from  n  s])ecimeM  from  I  lavan.i 
(21838,  M.  Z.C),  l.')  inches  long.  The  sp«'cies  is  allied  to  C.jtcmxa,  differ- 
ing in  the  more  elongate  form,     (mediiis,  medium.) 

(Iromiiiatciit  mediut,  I'oky,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  ULst.  N.  V.  1872,  183,  pi.  7,  fig.  4,  Havana; 

I'OKY,  Kiumicratid,  56, 1875. 
CalamuM  mediut,  Joiiuan  iV  Fesi.eu,  i.  c,  514. 

553.  PAGRUS,  Cuvier. 

,  (EUROI'KAN   P()RGIK8.> 

Paijru*,  Cuvier,  Kt'giie  Animal,  Ed.  i,  272,  1H17  (anjenteuii      paijnm). 

llody  obiong,  compressed,  covered  with  large  scales.  Head  l.irge;  jtic- 
opercle  entire;  opercle  not  armed.  Moutii  nither  small,  termiual,  low,  tlm 
anterior  teeth  in  the  jaws  ciirdiform,  the  outer  series  of  teeth  genemily 
enlarged,  canine-like,  not  c«mipres8ed,  the  teeth  behind  the.  canines  sleiidi'i 
and  acute.  Hoth  jaws  with  2  or  3  series  of  rounded  molar  teeth,  avIikIi 
are  sometimes  irregularly  mixed  with  sleinler  teeth  ;  no  teeth  on  vomer  or 
palatines.  Posterior  nostril  oblong,  not  slit-like,  much  laig(!r  than  ante 
rior.  Dorsal  rather  low,  the  spines  about  12  in  ni'.mbcr,  depressiltie  in  a 
groove;  anal  spines  moderate,  the  second  not  greatly  developed ;  second 
interlnemal  spine  notpeu-sliajjed  ;  noantrorse  dorsal  spine;  8upraocei)tilal 
crest  coalescent  with  temporal  crests.  Caudal  fin  ibrked;  air  bladder 
simple;  gill  rakers  short;  branchiostegalsO;  intestinal  canal  short;  ]>yl(irii' 
ctecafew.  Carnivorous  fishes,  mostly  of  Kurope  and  Africa.  This  genus 
is  close  to  the  Eurojteau  genus  SparuH  {iSpuriis  aunita  L.^^Auriita  Kisso 
(JhriiHoblephna  Cnvier),  with  which  it  agrees  in  the  skeletal  characters, 
dirt'ering  chiefly  in  the  larger  scales,  slenderer  body,  and  narrower  bands 
of  teeth.  The  genera  are  probably  distinct,  butthe  characters  of  division 
have  not  yet  been  fully  indico  (;ed.  *    {ndypoi;,  porgy,  the  ancient  name,  i 

17:tl.  I>A()KI  S  PAGRDS  (LinnauH). 

(Red  I'nlUiY;    HESUfiO;  I'AlKiO  ClU.OKADO.) 

1).  XI,  12,  or  XII,  11  or  10;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  6  (9)  -53  to  56-13.     Hody 
oblong,  the  back  moderately  olovated,  the  profile  parabolic;  preorldtal 


*  Cuvier  recognized  2  genera:  I'agrun  with  the  molar  teeth  in  2  ^soric8,  and  Sjimux 
(Vhrytophnjis)  with  tlic  molars  in  ;i  or  more.  Tlii.s  (•liiira(!ter  hau  not  much  importaiici'. 
and  Steindachm'r  haw  projiosed  to  Hul)stJtute  for  it  tlie  following: 

Spa  run :  Tt'etii  lieliind  the  canines  with  the  apex  rounded,  granulated,  or  gloliosc; 
molars  in  2  or  more  series. 

Faijrug :  Teeth  beliiud  the  canines  acute,  subulate,  or  setaceous ;  molars  in  2  or  inini' 
series. 

Although  in  general  appearance  Sjmrug  aiirnta  and  I'a(jnis  pa(jm>t  ditl'er  consideriilil.v. 
and  also  considerably  from  other  aberrant  species,  as  Chi'i/8(>lilepliuiijiihlnce2>s  and  Ariiuri'iis 
ipinifei\  there  is  no  important  ditfereuce  ia  the  skull  or  skeleton,  and  all  may  perhupa  be 
referable  to  a  single  genus,  Uparus, 


dicji,  m 
Ixdiind  I 
I  rout  loi 
euidal  w 

:il>(>llt    I  j 

III  Ciinrtli 
<  (dor.itio 
led,  givii 
lliislicd  n 
s|iot  (if  dt 

the  nIiIch 

I  lie  Iii;irgi 

S(;it(en!(i, 

U.I  id;  a  I 

spot  on  u] 

with  olive 

Iranslnceii 

is!)  Idotch 

"li:it  dusk 

•  iiill'  coasti 

(Kii.)     Thi 

taken  on  tl 

says  tliat  it 

tiiia  and  IJ 

and  Kni'ope 

allusions  to 

Ji.'i^rii.s,  the 

'*■'/""'"*■  paiinii 

r.  S.  Nat. 

liilenr)s  Ai 

I'di/nif  vulijar 

Europe;  (J 

''^'jKii  11.1  an/ente 

l'ii;iins  anjenfi 

.V:it.  Mus. 


Tho  essenti 
"<-cij)iraI  and 
HW(dlen;  frou 
f^i'Ction;  tenij 
llattisli  area  \ 
and  t()i,a-oove( 
.'/"\  the  aufroi 
<>"<)  species,  tl 


u 


Jordan  and  Ih^crmanu. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1357 

iliiii,  iniicb  wider  tban  the  aniull  eye.  Molar  tot^tli  in  two  series;  teeth 
iK'liiiul  the  oanineH  slender;  Hoales  larjje.  Dorsal  spines  not  elonjiate,  the 
iKiiit  lonjiest,  about  2.J  in  head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  ])ointod  behind; 
c.iiidal  well  forked;  second  anal  spine  stronger  but  not  louder  than  third, 
;il>(iut  I  in  head;  peetoral  (in  elon<j;ate,  lon<rer  than  head,  reaching  about 
III  fourth  soft  ray  of  anal.  Aaiericiin  speeiniens  show  in  life  the  follcwing 
( iilor.itioii :  C'olor  }f(d»len-<)live,  the  middle  of  eaeh  seiile  largely  pinkish- 
ird  "iviiig  a  general  reddish  hue  to  the  fish;  sides  and  below  silvery, 
lliisjicd  with  rod;  many  scales  of  l>a<"k  and  sides  each  with  a  small  round 
<|i()t()fdeep  purplish-blue,  tho8<'  forming  distinct  longitudinal  streaks  on 
tlic  sides  below  lateral  line,  the  series  somewhat  irregular,  running  along 
llic  margins  of  the  scales;  alxtvo  the  lateral  lino  these  spots  are  somewhat 
HiiillertMl,  forming  very  irregular  oblique  series,  running  upward  andbaek- 
w.ird;  a  lew  of  these  spots  on  nape  and  upper  part  of  opercle;  a  dark 
HiMit  on  iip|ier  jtart  of  orbital  rim;  snout  tinged  with  purplish,  occi|>ut 
with  olive;  edge  of  operch'  dusky;  vertical  tins  largely  orange,  their  edges 
translucent;  sjiinous  dorsal  somewhat  dusky ;  ventrals  jtalo,  with  a  pink- 
isii  lilotch  at  base;  pectorals  yellowish,  especially  at  base,  the  axil  sonie- 
wii.it  dusky.  Length  2  feet.  Southern  Europe  and  South  Atlantic  and 
(Jult'  coasts  of  the  United  States,  .south  to  Uruguay,  in  rather  deeji  water. 
(I.ii.)  This  species,  common  in  southern  Europe,  has  been  several  times 
tiilicn  on  the  snapper  banks  off  I'ensac  la  and  at  Charleston.  Dr.  lierg 
says  tliat  it  is  also  common  in  various  localities  along  the  coasts  of  Argen- 
tina ami  Uruguay.  There  seems  to  be  no  ditVereuci'  between  \morican 
anil  JMiropean  specimens,  except  that  in  European  descriptions  we  find  no 
allusions  to  the  blue  spots  ('haracteristic  of  the  American  (ish.  {rrdyfjoc, 
l»a;;nis,  the  old  name,  which  has  become  par  yo  andporgi;  in  nunlern  tongues.) 

SiKiriDi  jiaijnig,  LiNN-^;r.s,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  x,  279,  1758,  Southern  Europe;  .Tokdan,  I'roc. 

r.S.  Nat.  Mils.  1882,278;  JoHUAN  .t  FB.SLiili,  /.  c,  516;  Ukuh,  Ann.  AIus.  Nat.  «le 

liutnos  Aires  180,'),  40. 
l-d.jni^  vulijans,  CrviKK  &.  Valenciennes,  Hisi.  Nat.  Poia.s.,  vi,  142,  1830,   Southern 

Europe;  (ifNTIIEK,  Cat.  Fishes,  I,  466. 
Siianis  anjenteus,  Blocu  &  Schneuieh,  Syst.  Ichlli.,  271, 1801. 
I'Kfirus  argenti'vg,  Crvu-:it,  Ucgne  Animal,  I'M.  i,  272,  1817;  Coodi:  \-  Uean,  Troo.  U.  S. 

N;it.  Mu8.  1879,  13;!. 

554.  LAGODON,  llolbrook. 

(CllOPA    Si'INA.) 


-,■(- 


I       '>'. 


Lnmiihm,  lIoLHUOOK,  Iclitli.  Soiitli  Carolina,  59,  1860  (rhomhoide») . 

Tho  essential  character  t)f  this  genus  is  in  the  form  of  tho  skull.  Supra- 
(ic(i])ital  and  temporal  crests  nt»where  coalescent,  the  interorbital  area  not 
swolluu ;  frontal  bone  in  tho  interorbital  area  thin,  concave  in  transverse 
section;  temporal  crest  low,  separated  from  supraoccipital  crest  by  a 
llattisli  area  which  extends  forward  on  each  side  of  supraoccipital  crest 
luid  to  groove  of  prenuixillary  spines.  Otherwise  essentially  as  in  Archosar- 
ijux,  tilt'  autrorso  dorsal  spine  present,  the  second  interluemal  lot  modified. 
One  s])ocie8.  the  incisors  deeply  notched.     {Airyco?,  hare:  uSojy,  tooth.) 


\ 


!   « 


1358         Bulletin  ^7,  Utiited  States  National  Museum. 


y 


vj 


■  4i 


I.';  n 


17!(2.  LAGOnON  RIIOHBOIDKN  (Liunmua). 
(PiNFisii;  Bream;  Sailou'h  Choiob;  Chopa  Spina.) 

IIoa(l3j^;  depth  2  to  28;  oye  4.  D.  XII,  11;  A.  Ill,  11;  Hcales  10-fir>  to 
70-17.  Hofly  elongiite,  elliptical;  head  fattened,  nin//le  pointed,  profilti 
not  very  Hteep;  eye  moderate,  H  to  1^  in  snout,  1  in  iiit.erorlutal;  nioutli 
moderate,  maxillary  not  rtMichinjr  front  of  orbit,  3^  in  head ;  iifisors  j,  all 
deeply  notched ;  molara  in  twoHeries  in  each  Jaw;  gill  rakers  6 -|- IB;  dorHii! 
spines  all  rather  high,  the  highest  about  2  in  head;  caudal  deeply  forked ; 
second  anal  spine  not  longer  than  third;  ventrals  short  and  broad,  pec - 
torals  moderate,  n])per  rays  reaching  ])ast  origin  of  anal.  Color,  in  lif<', 
olivaceous,  the  sides  bluiHh-silvcry ;  a  humeral  8]iot  and  traces  of  6  ver- 
tical bars;  gilt  stripes  much  lews  intense  than  in  .hchonariiusuuhnacHlatiis, 
much  broader  than  the  interspaces;  about  7  stri])es  below  the  lateral 
line,  those  above  it  more  or  less  continent;  dorsal  tin  pale  'bluish,  with  ;i 
Bubmedian  gilt  band  and  a  gilt  edging;  caudal  yellow,  faintly  barred ; 
anal  blnish,  with  a  medium  yellowish  band;  ventrals  mesially  yellowish; 
pectorals  plain.  Length  6  inches.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  of  the  United 
States,  Cape  Cod  to  Cuba;  excessively  common  all  along  the  eastern  coii.st 
of  the  United  States  south  of  New  York,  and  on  the  Culf  coast  as  far  went 
as  Pensacola ;  too  small  to  be  much  used  as  food,  {fjoju/io?,  rhomb ;  sTSu-, 
appearance.) 

tSpnrua  rhomboidfs,  LinN/KUS,  Syst.Nat.,  K«l.  xn,  470, 1766,  Charleston.   (Coll.  Dr.  Ganli n.) 
darjfiis  rhomhoides,  CiJViEU  &.  Vai.enciknnks,  Hint.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vi,  08,  pi.  143,  l«:;ii; 

GCnthkr,  Cat.  Fishes,  i,  447, 1859. 
IHplodiii  rhomtwidet,  Eiiienmann  &.  Uuohes,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1H87,  00;  JonnAs  ,v 

FE.si.Kn,  I.  c,  518. 

555.  ARCHOSARGUS,  Gill. 

(SlIEEPSIIEADS.) 

Arehosarijus,  GrLL,  Canadiau  Naturalist,  August,  1805  (probatocephalus). 
lialema,  Jordan  &.  Ever.mann,  Check-List,  390, 1896  (unimaculatut). 

I3ody  robust,  short  and  deep,  compressed,  covered  with  large  scales. 
Head  deep,  mouth  moderate,  the  jaws  with  broad  incisors  in  frout  and 
coarse  molars  on  the  sides;  incisors  entire  or  with  a  shallow  notch;  ])()s- 
terior  nostril  slit-like ;  opercles  entire.  Dorsal  and  anal  spines  strong,  t  Iio 
soft  parts  of  the  fin  short  and  rounded;  a  procumbent  spine  before  tlic 
dorsal;  caudal  forked.  Gill  rakers  small.  Supiaoccipital  and  temporal 
crests  coalescent  anteriorly,  both  disappearing  in  the  gibbous  iuteror- 
bital  area;  frontal  bone  between  eyes  transversely  convex  and  more  or 
less  honeycombed;  temporal  crest  separated  from  occipital  crest  by  ;iii 
excavated  area,  bounded  anteriorly  by  the  lateral  crest,  which  merges  into 
the  supraoccijtital  above  eye.  This  genus,  like  Layodon,  StcDotomiin,  ;in(l 
Otrynier,  which  show  the  same  cliaracter  of  the  itrocumbent  dorsal  siiinc, 
is  confined  to  American  waters.  There  are  two  color  types  in  the  genus, 
one  group  being  made  up  of  the  species  with  broad  black  crossbands,  the 
other  of  species  with  golden  streaks  and  inconspicuous  crossbauds,  re- 
sembling the  species  of  Lagodon.  (ap^oj,  chief;  ddpyo?,  Saryua,  an  oU 
name  of  UiploUua.) 


Sai.ema  (Sp 

«.  Occipit 

Htri 


b.  Do 


hh.  Doi 


^ 

Am  iiosAnou.'' 

i 

(III.  Occipita 

1 

(lorsi 

broa 

iiuicl 

.'* 

Htraij 

omar 

of  th 

wpino 

third. 

(/.  lucis 

dd.  luc: 


Head  3i;  d 

intcrorbital  m 

to  It;.     Hody  ] 

moderate,  ma: 

iTcst  rather  t 

each  side,  cuti 

'"■low-;  gill  ra 

dorsal  sjjino  h 

-'  to  '2\iu  head 

ventrals  mode 

'div.iceoiis,  sil 

altiTnatiiig  wi 

«yt'.     West  In< 

!il)ont  Key  Wef 

'•lit  not  seen  b' 

'"'"•V,  h;iviuir  1 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1359 


Sai.EMA  (Spftiilsh  name) : 

((.  Occipital  crest  rather  thin,  its  honeycomb  structure  not  exposed.     Species  witli 

streaka  of  steel-blue  iind  t;olduu,  thudnrk  cross  bunds  narrow,  disappearing  with 

nt;(),  about  one-third  tlie  interspaces;  a  black  huiiiural  spot. 

h.  Uorsal  spinos  13;  incisors}  on  each  side;  side  of  buck  witli  8  or  U  golden  streaks, 

\rlilch  are  narrower  than  tint  nietallic-bliie  iuf  i-rspaces. 

c.  Scales  0-4K-15;  ])ect()rnlfln  notiiuite  reaching  stscondunal  spino;  liodyruther 

deep  and  coniprcssMl.     TnciHors  }  on  encli  side,  entire,  or  with  a  shallow 

notch.     Fifth  dorsal  spine  highest,  2  tu  2,^  in  bend;  sctcond  anal  spine 

strong,  recurved,  2^  in  head.    Olivaceous,  silvery  below,  tlie  upi>or  |>urts 

with  golden  longitudinal  stripes  alternating  with  liluisb  inter.><paces; 

humeral  spot  larger  than  eye.  unimacui.ati's,  1733. 

ec.  Scales  7  or  8-48-15;   pectoral  tin  reaching  second  anal  spine;  body  rather 

less  deep,  the  snout  a  little  longer;  vcr.truis  shorter,  ,">  to  5:-;  in  hrud; 

otherwise  essentiully  as  in  tlio  ]>receding,  of  which  it  is  tlie  I'acitic 

coast  representative.  poithtai.esii,  1734. 

hh.  Dorsal  spines  12;  incisors  J  on  each  side.     I'rolile  with  a  slight  depression  above 

tlieeye;  second  anal  spine  miu'li  longer  than  the  third.    Color  grayish,  belly 

white;  8  golden  longitudinal  bauds;  a  black  shoulder  spot.     'I'UlUKN.s,  1735. 

All'  IIOSAIIOU.S: 
an.  Occipital  crest  broad,  its  honeycomb  structure  jilainly  lixpo.sed  at  its  upper  margin; 
dorsal  spines  12;  species  without  bluer  golden  markings,  but  with  about  seven 
broad  black  cross  bands  crossing  the  body;  no  distinct  shoulder  spot,  liody 
riiiich  compressed ;  dorsal  outline  strongly  arched ;  ventral  outline  almost 
straight.  I'rolile  straight  and  steep  anteriorly.  IncLsors  J,  entire  or  slightly 
cmarginate,  serrate  in  the  young;  molars  in  3  series  above,  in  2  below,  tho.so 
of  the  inner  series  larger,  those  behind  the  incisors  very  small.  Highest  dorsal 
spine  1^  in  head;  second  anal  spine  about  twice  in  head,  much  lougt.>r  than 
third. 
d.  Incisors  broad,  their  breadth  about  half  their  length.     Scales  8-48-15. 

PKOBATOCEI'IIALUS,  173C. 

M.  Incisors  narrower,  their  breadtli  2J  in  their  length.    Scales  7-44-14. 

AKIKS,  1737. 

Subgenus  SALEMA,  Jordan  &  Evermann. 

173:t.  AltCllOSAltUUS  IJNI.HAOULATUN  (Bloch). 

(SALEMA.) 

Ilciul  3i;  depth  2  to-2.i;  eye  liirgc,  3j  to  i  =prcorbital,  or  1^  (o  li  in 
iiitcrorbittil  width.  D.  XIII,  10;  A.  Ill,  10  or  11;  scales  8  or  'J-l.'i  to  50-11 
to  Itt.  Hody  rather  deep  and  compressed,  profile  rounded,  steep ;  mouth 
moderate,  niaxillary  not  reaching  front  of  orbit,  3  to  3^^  in  head ;  occipital 
crest  rather  thin,  its  honeycomb  structure  not  exposed.  Incisors  f  on 
ea(  h  side,  entire,  or  with  a  shallow  notch;  molars  3-rowed  above,  2-r()wrd 
liclow;  gill  rakers  small,  about  6-f8;  cheeks  with  ,5  rows  of  scales.  Fifth 
(loisiil  spine  highest,  2  to  2A  in  head;  second  anal  spine  strong,  recurved, 
2  to  l!(  in  head ;  i)ectorals  long,  reaching  to  tmal  spines,  about  2.V  in  body, 
vciitials  moderate,  4.1  to  \\  in  length  of  body,  not  nearly  reaching  vent. 
oiiviKM'ons,  silvery  below,  the  upper  parts  with  golden  longitudinal  stripes 
alttrnating  with  bluish  interspaces;  a  black  humeral  spot  larger  than 
eye.  West  Indies;  north  to  Key  West,  south  to  Rio  Janeiro,  very  common 
about  Key  West  and  Havana;  recorded  by  Gronow  from  South  Carolina, 
hut  not  seen  by  us  from  localities  north  of  the  Florida  Keys.  {\inmacH- 
latux,  hiiving  1  spot.) 


.^'ll'l 


1300  BuUctin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


tt. 


l''l ' 


i1" 

1* 

(i 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

Salewn,  MAnroiiAVK,  Hist,  riso.,  ITiM,  1048,  Brazil. 

llrram,  ItitowNK,  Jamaica,  440,  No.  1,  IT^O,  Jamaica. 

J'frra  uiiimaeulata,  Bloch,  Iclilliyolojjiii,  \t\.  308,  170J,  Brazil;  on  ii  lljinro  by  I'rimr' 

MAl'llICK. 

SpariiH  »(tlin,  LACi::i4:nE,  llint.  Nat.  PoIhs.,  iv,  1:)0,  lt<U3;  Imsoil  on  iinimaculatug of  Ui.ocii. 
Sarnim  hinnerimaatlatut,  (Juoy  A    (rAi.MAiiu,   VuyaKU  Frcyciuet,    Zool.,   I!lt7,  1825,   Rio 

Janeiro. 
Sargiig  jtai'iilinfatiis,  Ci'ViKU  \-  N'Ai.KNtMKNNKH,  Hint.  Nut.  I'oiHS.,vi,  00, 18^0,  Cuba.  (11  \ 

TiiEii,  Cut.  FishuH,  I,  440, 1850. 
(■jinu'ilus  liraiiiii,  (iKoNow,  ("at.  Kinlies,  Ed.  irrny,  50, 18.54,  South  Carolina. 
Sin-ijiin  carilxvK*,  I'oEV,  Mt'iiioriaH,  ir,  11)7,  IHOo,  Cuba. 

Oram  III  iKtf»  iinimuciilatiii,  IJi.oon  \.  Sciineidkii,  SyHt.  rditii.,  184, 1801 ;  al'lir  Bi.ocii. 
Sariiin  uniiniiciihitiit,  (Ji'viEU  ifc  Vai.e.nciknnks,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oIhh.,  vi,  OL',  lK:tO;  <}rNTiii.u 

Cat.  I'MhIkm,  I,  440,  18.50;  Kkie.v.MANN  &.  HniilEs,*  Vvov.  V.  .S.  Nat.  ilim.  1887.  09. 
IHjtloiliis  CiU-ili(fll»,  .lOUliAN  \  (ill.llEHT,  Synopsl.x,  y.'tO,  lH8;t. 
J)lj)liHhi.ijt<iroliHiiitiiii,  JiiiiDAN,  rrof.  l'.  S.  Nut.  Mu«.  1H80,  4i!. 
Airhosarijitu  uniiiiaciilatiis,  Jordan  \-  Ficsleu,  I.  c,  520. 

17»4.  AKCIIOK.llKaJS  rODKTAI.KSII  (St<  iiidaclinor). 

Head  :{.i;  depth  2ii.  D.  XIII,  10;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  7  or  8-18-15.  IVi  - 
torul  111!  reaching  .second  aual  spine;  hody  rather  less  dee]>,  tlie  snout  a 
little  longer;  ventrals  shorter,  5  to  5jf  in  head;  otherwise  e.ssentially  us 
in  Archosargus  itnimncithtlns,  of  which  it  is  the  I'acilic  coast  represenia- 
tivc.  ClalapagoH  Islands,  rather  scarce,  one  specimen  (d)tained  hy  tlio 
Alhalross  on  Chatham  Island.  The  dirt'erences  hotween  tho 2>UHrtah»ii  and 
iinimacitlatiia  are  very  slight,  and  might  he  ignored  wore  it  not  for  the 
remote  and  restricted  habitat  of  the  racific  form.  (To  TiOiiis  F.  de  I'oiir- 
tales,  a  friend  and  associate  of  Agassiz,  who  was  with  him  on  the  Ilas-sler 
expedition,  by  which  this  lish  was  discovered.) 

SardVipourtalesii,  Steindaciinek,  Fisclio  Afrikas,  :il»,  1881,  Galapagos  Islands. 
Archoxarrjvn  jinurtalinii,  Jordan  A:  Bollman,  Pioc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  JIiis.  188!t,  180;  Jouda.n  \ 
FliSLKK,  I.  I!.,  521,  1893. 


1735.  ARCIIOKAlUiUS  TRIHKNS  (I'ocy). 

Head  more  thau  4;  depth  2,'„  in  total  length  with  caudal;  eye  III  in 
head,  1  in  snout.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  9;  maxillary  extending  to  a  point 
between  the  pupil  and  the  anterior  border  of  the  eye.  Incisors  ij  on  each 
side.  Prolile  with  a  sliglit  depression  above  the  eye;  second  anal  sjiine 
much  longer  than  the  third.     Color  grayish,  belly  white;  8  golden  longi- 


*  The  .siiecimon.s  examined  by  P^igcninann  and  Hughes,  now  before  us,  differ  decidedly 
in  the  proportions,  the  color,  and  tlie  size  of  tlie  teeth;  but  while  tlie  difference.s  of  tliV 
extremes  are  very  marked,  the  intergradation  is  so  perfect  that  no  tangible  Hpecitie  (Ms- 
tinctiuus  can  be  inade  out.  We  liave  only  tlie  deeper  form  (jlavoUiieaius)  from  Key  \\'est, 
while  we  have  botli  extremes  from  Havana.  So  far  as  we  are  abh*  to  judjce  from  tlu' 
figures  and  the  descriptions,  the  uni inaculaHtg  of  Bloch  &.  Schueid('r,  Cuvier  &  X'alcii- 
cienues,  and  Jordan  &  (rill)ert.  tlu'  carihwiin  of  Pooy,  and  the  humeri- iiiaculahis  ()\uiy  \ 
Gaimard,  represent  the  more  slender  form,  while  the  jlavoUnfatut  Cuvier  <fc  ValencleuiiuM 
represents  the  deeper  form.    The  ditl'erences  of  the  extreme  forms  seem  to  be  these: 

The  deeper  form,  {.jiavuUneutus):  The  more  tlender  form  {unhiiacitlatus): 

Greatest  depth,  2  in  length. 
Ventral  outlint^  very  mm;h  rounded. 
Distance  from  insertion  of  tirst  dorsal 

spine,  oldiqucly  to  snout,  1^  in  depth. 
Teeth  about  ^  narrower  tlian  iu  the  more  i 

slender  form.  1 

Body  more  compressed.  I 


Greatest  deiith,  2i  in  length. 

Ventral  outline  almo.st  straight. 

DistuiK'c  from  insertion  of  tirst  dms.al 

spine,  obliiiuely  to  snout,  1  in  dc  ptli. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     l.'JCl 


fiiiliiiiin)aiuls;  ti  black  Hlioiildor  Hpot.  (Po«'y.)  Culm;  known  only  from 
llit>  (losci'iption  of  INx'y.  Uh  diHtinctivu  cliaruct<>rH  noud  vurifi<Mition,  it 
Xw'wi  |>osHih]y  an  abnoiuiii]  speciniun  of  ArrhuHuryuH  niiimaculalna.  (/rei, 
tliicc;  thiiH,  tootli.) 

Siifni"  Iridinn,  I'oEV,  Kiiiiiiincrntlo,  ,17,  187,'),  Cuba. 

.li;-l..lliirili'S  iriilPtHt.    KlllKN.MANN   iV    IIIICIHKS,     I'ror.    U.S.   Nlll,   ,MUH.    1«87,  70;  JoltllAN  & 

kkslkh.  J,c.,r)2i,  iHo;i. 

Subgenus  ARCHOSARGUS. 

178«.  AlUilOSAIUMS  IMUHtATOCKIMIAIJ  S  (Witlltituni). 

(SlIKKI'SnR.vn;  Saioio  Kaiado.) 

Held  3  to  3^ ;  depth  2  to  2.5 ;  oyo  jtlacod  liijjh,  I  in  \wa.(\,  l.\  in  interor- 
bitiil.  1}  in  Hnboibital.  D.  XII,  lOorlL';  A.  Ill,  10  or  11;  scales  8-48-15; 
iiioiilli  laifjfi,  nearly  liori/contal ;  niiixillary  ^ij  iti  head;  incisors  IJ,  ontiro 
or  slij.jlitly  «Muarj;inatt^,  Herratc  in  tlio  younjj,  hroad,  tboir  breadth  abont 
\  tiicir  length;  niolarH  in  3  strife  aliovo,  in  2  below;  those  of  the  inner 
serits  larger,  those  behind  the  inci.sors  very  small,  gill  rakers  about 
;{-fB.  Highest  dorsal  N))iue  1^  inliead;  dorsal  and  anal  spines  notably 
lietciacantlious.  Caudal  not  deeply  forived;  second  anal  s))ine  abont  2  in 
lieail.  much  longer  than  the  third;  vontrals  not  nearly  reaching  vent; 
licctiiials  reaehing  i>aHt  beginning  of  anal,  slightly  longer  than  head. 
(iicipital  crest  broad,  its  honeycomb  structure  ]>Iainly  exposed  at  its 
ii|i|itr  margin.  Color  grayish,  witli  abont  7  broad  black  cross  bands 
crossing  the  body,  these  most  tliatinct  in  young;  no  distinct  shoulder 
s|iiit ;  spines  silvery.  Atlantic  and  CJulf  coasts  of  the  United  States;  Cape 
Cod  to  Klorida  Keys  and  Texas;  one  of  the  most  common  and  most  valu- 
able of  the  food-tlshes  of  our  Atlantic  coast,  its  tlesh  being  especially 
excellent  in  llavor.     {npofiarov,  sheep;  xscpaA)},  head.) 

,S;,(()»s  (Slioepslieiul),  ScHui'K,  Sclirlt'ten  dor  lipscllsch.  Naturf.  Freunde,  vni,  152,  1788, 

New  York. 
Siniiiii:  prohatoceiihaliit,  Waliiai'M,  Arteili  Pise.,  2!l5,  1792,  New  York;  based  on  SruCiPK. 
Sinini.1  ovio'iihaliit,  I5lo('H  &  ScHNEHJEU,  Syst.  Iclitli.,  280,  1801,  New  York;  b.ised  on 

Sciliil'K. 

,S(i/;/)<,v  mug,  .MiTCMUj,,  Triiim.  Lit.  and  I'liil.  Soc.  N.  Y.,  i,  1814,  ;!!)2,  pi.  2,  tij;.  ,1,  New  York  ; 

('r\iEH  it  Valknciennes,  Hist.  Nut.  I'oiss.,  vi,  .'i;!,  18;i0;  (ii'NriiEU,  Cat.,  1,  447,  185!t. 
Arcliiitiiiriiuii  prolnitiH-eplmlvf,  i.  •  i.,  Cut.  Fish.  Fa.st  Coast  North  America,  27,  187U;  Jolt- 

|i\\  &  Fesi.ku,  i.  c,  ^        '.uitlt. 
Dii>h»hig  probatoci-plinlus,  .Iokuan  &  (In.itEHT,  I'roc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1882,  278;  Jokuan 

\  (iiLiiEKT,  Syuojisis,  558,  1883. 


17J17.  AK<:iIOSAR(a;s  AKIKS  (Cuvier  &  Yaleiicionnes). 

Head  3^ ;  depth  2^.  1).  XII,  11 ;  A.  Ill,  10 ;  si^ales  7-44-1 1.  Incisors  nar- 
rower than  in  A.  prubatoeephahts,  their  breadth  2A  in  their  length.  Gray- 
ish with  about  6  dark  crossbars.  Otherwise  as  in  A.  prohatocephalu8. 
Honduras  to  Brazil,  rather  rare;  known  from  Rio  Janeiro,  Maracaibo,  and 
l!eli/e;  only  the  original  type  seen  by  us.  It  would  appear  to  be  closely 
allied  to  .1.  probatocephalus,  distinguishable  only  by  the  slightly  narrower 
teeth  and  i)os8ibly  larger  scales.     It  is  probably  to  be  regarded  as  a  geu- 


■V 


'I, 


1302         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


);rnphiciil  variety  or  Hoiilhorn  ruproHoiitative  of  tho  oomtnon  BhcepBhoiul. 
{AricH,  tho  ram.) 

Sargu$  ariei,  CuviRR  tt  VAi.RmiKNNKH,  Ilint.  Nat.  PoIhu.,  vi,  TtH,  18;iO,  Rio  Janeiro;  Mata 

caibo;  (!('ntiieu,  Cat.  FinlieH,  i,  441);  (K'ntiibb,  KIhIich  <;<'iit.  AniiM'ica,  :iRO,  1804. 
Arrhomryut  pnihaloefphalm  uciVk,  Euiknmann  A  IIikiiibb,  Troc.  l'.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1887, ".t. 
Arehimnrijus  arii»,  JuuiiAN  A  Fkhlkk,  I.  c,  622,  181i;i. 


11 


' '  ■;! 


556.  DIPLODUS,  KulinuHquo. 

JHplndiiii,  KAFiNREx^rK,  IikIIco  il' IttiotoKiii  Sioiliumt,  54,  1810  {a>niu!arl$). 

Saiyu*,  CuviKK,  Ki'kih)  Aiiiiiial,  Kil.  1,  272,  1817  (i((rr/u«);  iiuino  proocciipicil  in  Inatu^tH. 

Body  oltlong  or  oviito,  iiioro  or  less  con)preH,so«l,  thr  Imck  eloviitcd; 
month  ratlior  Hiiiall,  terminal,  low.  Iiu-isoiH  broad,  triinnatts  entire;  n 
BerloH  of  smaller  teeth  bolilnd  them.  Molar  teeth  moHtly  in  2  or  .S  rows. 
No  teeth  on  vomer  or  palutinnH.  HcuIoh  moderate.  Dorsal  spines  nsnally 
12,  strong,  deprossible  in  a  groove;  anal  spines  rather  strong,  (candid  tin 
forked;  interhii>nnilH  nnnioditi(Ml;  first  sjiino-bearing  intornenral  Avithonl 
antrorse  spine  above;  sknll  essentially  as  in  Arvhomnjus,  tlie  frontal  boni' 
more  cavernous,  (lill  rakers  short  and  Hlend«<r.  liranehiostegals  tl. 
Intestinal  (^anal  short;  pyloric  e<i'ra  fo.v.  Coloration  nsnally  silvery,  with 
a  black  blotch  on  the  back  oi  th^  tail;  young  with  black  ('rossbars.  Cm- 
nivorons  species,  chielly  Enropean;  valnt^l  as  food.  The  genns  Diplodnn 
differs  from  ArchoHurauit  chiefly  in  tho  absence  of  a  procnmbent  dor.siil 
spine.  Tho  sknll  in  Diplodim  resembles  that  of  Arv.hosargHs,  bnt  the 
<-avernonH  or  honeycombed  strnctnre  of  tho  interorbital  area  is  still  nion' 
prominent.     (S/ttAoo;,  <lonble;  oSovi,  tooth,  from  the  two  forms  of  teotli. ) 

IIOUIUOOKII,    ITIIH. 


a.  ScaloH  lar^c,  about  .IB  in  lateral  lino 
an.  .Scales  smaller,  G2  to  65  in  lateral  line. 

h.  Kyo  larf;e,  3J  in  head,  I  in  snout. 

lib.  £yo  smaller,  4^  in  head,  1)  in  snout. 


AKOENTEUS,    17;i!». 
HARUU8,   17411. 


17SS.  Ul['liOIU;s  IIULBltOOKlI  (Bean). 


Head  3;};  depth  in  ad"'^  2)^;  eye  4i  in  head,  li  in  snont,  or  If  in  ])ic- 
orbital.  D.  XII,  14  or  !.'>;  A.  Ill,  18;  scales  7-50-11.  Body  regnlarly  elli|i- 
tical,  moderately  compressed ;  profile  regularly  rounded,  not  as  steep  ns  in 
THplodiia  ai'ficnteua;  month  large,  almost  horizontal;  maxillary  not  readi- 
ing  front  of  t\vo,  3^  in  head;  incisors  |,  inserted  obliquely;  molars  in 
3  series  above  aiMl  2  below ;  gill  rakers  i  diameter  of  pupil,  about  7+M; 
longest  dorsal  spine  2i  to  2:|  in  ho;id;  caudal  deeply  forked;  second  ana! 
spine  little  larger  than  third,  S.J  in  head;  ventrals  reaching  half  way  to 
anal  fin;  pectorals  not  reaching  to  first  anal  spine,  3^  in  body;  clieikH 
with  4  rows  of  scales;  steel-blue  above,  paler  below,  a  broad  black  border 
on  the  operculum;  a  black  8i)ot  on  the  upper  part  of  Itase  of  pectoral;  11 
broad  black  bar  extending  across  caudal  peduncle  abc  /e.  South  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  coasts  of  the  United  St.ites;  Cape  Hatteras  to  Cedor  Keys; 
rather  common  as  far  north  as  Beaufort,  where  tho  young  swarm  about 
the  wharves.  (Named  for  ,Fohu  Edwards  Holbrook,  the  distinguished 
author  of  the  Ichthyology  of  S<mth  Carolina.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1363 


Saf'ii(»hi)lbrnokii,  UKAN.Forcnt  ami  Strt'iun,  Jiiimi  HI,  1878,  Charleston;  Mean,  I'roc.  U.S. 

N'llt.  MUH.  1K78,  IIIH;  JoUDAM  *.  (tll.HKKT,  ^ro«^  U.S.  N'llt.  MllH.  IH7H,  ;i7«. 
IHnln.hll  hoUnookii,  .IdKDAN  it  (ill-IIKKT,  SyilopHlH,  BM;  KlOBN.MANN  &.  HlUIIKH,  VuH'..  r.  S. 

N,it.  Mim.  1HR7,  72;  .loitiiAN  .V  Kksi.KH,  I.e.,  TtM,  lHO:i. 
I)i..i'ilii.i  c(i ml i macula,  JoliDAN  A  (iir.liKRT,  SynopnlH,  551),  IHHII;  yoiiDK;  not  cauiliinaetda 

oC  I'dKY. 

I7»9.  IMIM.OIHIS  AKIIKNTKIIS  ((;iivler&  ViilenriuniiitH). 
(Sakoo.) 

lliiul  3i ;  «l«^]itli  11;  «yo  |{.\;  snout  :U.  1).  XII,  U;  A.  Ill,  IH;  Hcalea 
S-tiL'-lli.  ll«nly  much  <'(unproHm«<l ;  <l(>rHiil  uutlint'  notably  cloviitod;  protU» 
jiliiiiist  strnJKlit,  very  Ht»op;  iiioutli  uuxluruto,  aliiioHt  horizontal;  maxillary 
;;i  in  licad;  incisorH:!,  placed  as  in  /'.  holbrookii;  mohuH  inHor  t  H(«rii'Hai«)ve, 
•2  or  I!  below.  Longest  (l<»ri<al  upiuo  2A  in  hua«l ;  caudal  lon^,  forked; 
HtMiiiid  anal  apiuo  much  atoutor  and  ^  longer  than  tiiird,  2i{  in  head; 
vmlials  roachin);  half  way  to  second  an.-il  ray;  poctoraLs  roarhing  to  liiHt 
iiiiiil  .s|iine.  Stcol-blut)  above,  Hilvery  below  ;  a  blackiHh  border  on  th«)  oper- 
cnliiiii;  a  black  Hpot  on  the  upper  jtart  of  the  baHO  of  poctonilH;  liv<'  or 
six  very  narrow,  oblique  blackiHh  cros8l)arH;  black  bar  not  extending 
(Mitinly acroHH caudal  peduncle.  WcHt  Indies;  Florida  and  the  liernindaH 
soiilli  to  Argentina;  here  de.s('ribod  from  a  Hp(M;imen  from  New  Smyrna, 
I'loiiilii,  obtained  by  Mr.  William  1*.  Shannon,  the  only  record  for  the 
ruiti'd  States.  The  t.yi)e8  of  .Sajv/M«  «H/e»»^!M«  in  the  MuHeuni  at  Paris  are 
iilciidlied  aH  belonging  to  the  same  species  as  the  typos  of  Sartjng  c.audi- 
iiKiviiJa  which  are  in  the  National  Musenm.     {argcnteus,  silvery.) 

SiiriiiinaTijmteu/i,  (UjvierX  Vai-knciennes,  HiHt.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vi,  00, 1830,  Brazil;  (iOntuku, 

Cat.  rUhes,  1, 444 ;  <iONTiiEi»,  Shore  FislicH,  .^  7, 1880. 
Sariiiisraudiiaactila,  I'oEV,  Mciiiorias,  ii,  198,  1800,  Cuba;  Toet,  SyiiojiMis,  310,1868. 
I>ild",lits  artjenteug,  Kuienmann  &.  Huohes,  Vvw.  TJ.  S.  Nut.  ^lus.  1887,  73;  Jokdan  & 

I'lsLKK,  I.  c,  524,  1893;  JJERo,  Ann.  Mus.  Buenoa  Airoa  18tt.'i.  50. 


I  ', 


1740.  DIPLODUS  NAIMIIIS  (Linna  iih). 
(Sauoo.) 

Head  .--..bont  3^;  depth  about  2;  eye  4^  in  head,  H  in  snout,  l^n  inter- 
orbitid.  1).  XI  or  XII,  12  to  !;'>;  A.  Ill,  115  or  11;  scales  8-05-1(5;  pectoral 
L'i  in  body;  ventrals  4;  npper  caudal  lobe  '^;^•,  second  anal  spine  3.V  in 
head;  inCisors  rather  broad,  implanted  obliquely;  3  or  4  series  of  molars 
above,  2  or  3  below;  crown  of  head  convex,  a  protuberance  above  the 
aiitt'iior  angle  of  the  orbit;  preorbital  not  entirely  covering  maxillary; 
uill  rakers  short  and  thick,  about  6+  11;  pectoral  fin  extending  to  origin 
of  anal,  ventrals  nearly  to  vent.  Color  silvery  or  shining  golden,  with 
many  narrow  longitudinal  dusky  stripes  (8  or  9  .above  lateral  line,  15  or 
IG  liclow),  and  with  4  or  5  narrow  blackish  crossbands,  the  first  between 
tlio  origin  of  the  tlorsal  and  the  axil.  Coast  of  southern  Europe;  once 
recorded  from  the  Bermudas  (Goode);  known  to  us  only  from  descrip- 
tions in  the  American  fauna  on  the  record  of  Ur.  Ooode.  Here  described 
from  a  specimen  from  the  Canary  Islands.  (En.)  {ddfjyoi,  aaiujiia,  the 
anricnt  name  of  a  species  of  this  genus.) 


«■■>'  ■■. 


■. ".'  j: 
:0  f 


I       i 


\       I 


J 


1304  Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stntes  National  Museum , 


Sparui tanjun,  T.ivN/KI's,  SvHt,  Xiit  ,  FA.  x,a7S,  17RS,  Mediterranean. 

Sariiim  vni-ifiintii*,   I.ai'KCI.hb,  lliitt.   Niif.   I'ulMn.,  iv,  'Jn7.   IHo:i,  Mediterranean;    (ii>i..i 

Cut.  Kinli.  Itt-niiiiilii,  In  .\iii.  .lour.  Srioi iinil  ArlH  IH77,  'J!)3. 

.S'(i r(/iM  rdiici/ji,  (iKoKKiiov  St.  IIii.aikk,  Di'mit.  iln  i'Ktryplf,  I'ohm.,  pi.  xviii,   11^.  ii  I"I3 

Coaat  of  Egypt. 
Siir;iiiiiron(lii'tii,(Uv'\KU  A   Vai-K.N<ikNNKM,  MIhI.  NuI.  I'limm.,  vi,  H,  pi.  141.  Ih;I((,  Metlii   r 

ranean. 
Sariiiix  rihilii,  CrviKU  \   N'ai.cncih.n.mkm,  IIIhi.  Nut.  I'oInh..  vi.  IH.  |h:u).  Mediterranean. 
IHjituiliin  niiniim,  •Ihuda.v  A   I''khi.ki(,  /.  l^,  &L'.'i,  IMttll. 


I'aiiiilv  Cliir.     M.KNID.K. 


1  < 


(Till".  1'icai{i;ls.) 

Ilody  ohlonj?  or  «>l(>u);iit«\  covtM-rd  with  luodorato  (ir  niiiiiII  <'iliiito(l  hciiIcs; 
iiioiith  iiioduriitM  or  hiiiiiII,  e-xtrcinily  profrat^tilo,  tho  H|)iiii^H  iif  tlio  pr<*iii;i\ 
illaricH  oxtoiKliii^  backwanl  to  tlio  orcipiit;  ti-ittli  Hiiiall  or  wiintiii^,  all 
poiiit(Ml;  no  liiviHorHor  iiiolaiH;  doiHiil  <oiitinii<»iis  or  dividiMl,  tlio  Hpim-H 
very  Blunder;  preopurdo  eiitiro;  iiit.«Htino  Bliort,  witli  fow  pylori(!  vnvn, 
CarnivoroiiH  hIioiu  I'ihIiuh,  chiclly  of  ilio  Old  World,  In  tlio  form  of  tlio 
month  thoy  ]»r«nont  analo^ioH  to  tlio  (lerrhlir,  in  otlnir  n'H;ardH  tlii^y  rloMcjy 
rentMnldo  the  llinindiii'v.  (ionora  I  oro;  HpccioH  about  2."i.  ( l'rinfii>oiiiiili(l,i^ 
h,  in  i»art,  Olinthur,  ("at.  Fisht'S,  i,  I{8()-31K»J. 

M.*;nin.k: 
a.  JawH  'with  hiiiiiII  ti^otli:   dorsnl   tin  ni'itrly  coiiliniioun,  its  rays   .\'I,  11;  lioily  min 
prtm.Hfil ;  Hcuii'H  nKiiliiratc.  Si'irAiiA,  .i  .7 

Km.mkmcimiivin.k: 
(III.  flaws  toiitliloHM:  tiiirxitl  lin.s  '1,  tlio  H]lilll^'4  v)>ry  HloniltM',  12  to  14  in  niinilter.  mmum' 
III'  llitMii  I'reH;  lioily  t'lmifrittu;  lower  |iliiiryn);eiilH  with  rnnlit'oiiii  Ifitlh. 

Kmmki.k  iiTnvs  ,'pjn. 


! 

f 

) , 

557.  SPICARA,  Ualinea<|nn. 

Siiicara,  ]{akinesqce,  Ciirattcrl,  etc.,  .''•l,    810  {flexuoin     .marin). 
Smaris,  CuviKK,  Ui<{no  Aninml,  Kd.  i,  "JOU,  1H17  (■ininrit). 

Body  oblong,  coinpiesHed,  covered  with  moderate  or  small  ciliated  scaltH; 
month  Hniall,  extremely  ])rotrit(-tilf,  the  HpincH  of  the  inaxillaries  extendiiiu 
backward  to  the  occipnt;  vomer  withont  teeth.  Dorsal  continnonH  m 
nearly  so,  its  rays  .\I,  11,  the  spint's  very  slender;  i»rooi)orcle  entire;  iiiti.s- 
tine  short,  with  few  pyloric  cu'ca  ;  scales  (iO  to  70,  Shore  lishos  of  the  <  >l(l 
World;  one  of  them  ou  doubtful  authority  ascribed  to  the  West  Indies. 
This  genus  is  chielly  <-onlined  to  the  Mediterranean  aud  neighboriiii; 
waters.     (Spicara,  a  local  name  in  Sicily,  probably  from  spica,  a  spike.) 

1741.  SPICAUA  MAIIT1M(!A  (Ciivior  \-  Vnlenciennos). 

Clo.sely  allied  to  the  Knropean  sjiecies,  Spicara  amaris,  but  with  tin' 
body  ronnde<l,  compressed,  the  suborbital  narrower  and  more  notcli( d. 
Color  ai)parently  plain,  a  small  bhuik  spot  on  the  side.  1).  XII,  11 ;  A.  Ill, 
!).  ((Mivier  it  Valenciennes.)  West  Indies,  The  typo  of  this  species,  1 
inch«-s  long,  is  reputed  to  have  been  sent  to  Paris  by  I'lce,  from  Martinii|iu'. 


fonfnH  nmf  livermauu. — /•isfus  of  North  America,      l.'J(»5 

'iVrv  likoly  it  is  tli(M;«>iiiiiiuii  l''.iir<i|H>aii  piiari'l,  Spiitim  HmmiH  (L.),  itixl  it 
iiiiiv  li'ivi^  couw  Iruiii  tho  <>o;iNtH  of  I'l'iiiiri'.  I'.iTorH  of  loiiiiity  artM'oiiinion 
III  iiiii^i'iiiiiH,  and  t\w  "Cahitutt  dii  lint  "  liaH  nut  Immmi  )'\<'iiiiit  finiii  tliiMii. 
(Niiiiio  fioiii  Murtini(|ii«).) 

siiiiiiii  iiiiiilinii-iiH'\\\t,H  \  Vai.i'.niiennkh,  IIIhI.  Nat.  I'oInh.,  VI,  l:!»,  Im;io,  Martinique. 
,s/)i('i/(i  iiiiiriiiiica,  .loKiiAN  iV  l''KMi,i.ic,  /.  <i.,  W7,  inm. 

558.  EMMELICHTHYS,    l.'irlianlHoii. 

yj„„fUi-lilhii»,  liii'ilAHiiHnN,  VovfiK"*  Ki'«I>hm  iiml  'I'crror,  I''I'*Ii«'h,  -17,  iHjtl  tuitiilim). 

IlifillnirlilhilS,    TlMMINCK  \   SCHI.KdKI.,    I'ailllil  .la|M)nl<'ii,  I'liJMX.,  117,  IHI7  (»ililflliU). 
HtiX't    'I'll.  lil'K'IIK.No'l',  ill  liny,  lllHt.(Miill,  II,  2(IH,  1HI7  (funiifiiri-iiK). 
iy,jil,  .ii'liiiiiiliiii.  Ili.KKKKli,  ('null'.  It'lilli.  ('i'li'l)i'rt,  1818  {IrucngrammieuH). 
Iiifiiina.  I'dKY,  Mi'iiioriiiH,  II,  11)3,  IHIKi  (I'ilUilii), 

|IimI\  idoiiKiito,  not  iiiiich  <;(Mii|ir«rH.siil,  t-ovoriHl  with  iiiuileralt^  h<;ai«s; 
Inail  loM^;;  iiiouMi  iiioiieratr,  <)li]ii|tiit,  pritinuxiliarioH  e\c«NHiv<-ly  protrar- 
till);  tfttli  oiisoloto;  iiiaxillary  liroad,  Hcaly;  io\v«if  .jaw  pidjj^rtinf? ;  axil- 
lary scalt^  Itir^o,  prtMipori'lo  iMitiio  or  Honulatu;  optMclo  fiidiii^  in  a  p<»iiit. 
Iiiiis.il  film  Nuparati',  i\w  tirHt  with  hNumUm-  HpiiirH,  1  or  2  of  tliuiii  frtMi 
Iriiiii  iiii-nibninu;  Hoft  dniHal  short  ami  low,  nuked,  with  a  Hhoath  of  Hi;ah\H 
;it  liii^n;  both  linH  pointed  Ixhiiid;  anal  HpiiioH  oliHiMire;  <>aiidal  widely 
I'oikt'tl.  I'ylorie  eo'ea  few.  TImh  kuiiiih  contaiiiH  about  '>  HpeeieH,  bi'i;;ht 
(dliinil  IIhIich,  inhabiting  rather  deep  water  or  K(>>»K  iuHchoolH  in  tluM>pen 
siiiH.  Tlir  speeieM  aro  not  well  known,  and  eaidi  onu  of  tlieni  has  been 
inailf  (lie  ty|to  of  a  distinct  «enns  by  authors  not  ac(|iiaiiited  with  related 
toriiis.  We  aro  not  (|uite  certain  that  I'.mmelithtlnjH  is  prior  t<»  Erijthrh'h- 
ihyx,  imr  arc  wo  aiiro  that  but  one  geniiH  of  EmmelUhlhii'tmv  bIioiiUI  be 
i(>r(i);iii/i;d.  Our  species,  (tailed  hierm'ui  {iiHrwix,  nnarined),  a^-rces  with 
EmiiiilichlliiiM  in  having  a  rounded  preopercle,  that  of  /•>;///( »it7» //(//«  beiiijj 
iiiMily  a  right  an^le.  Erythrichthi/M  has  larger  scab-s  aud  a  very  broad, 
scaly  maxillary.  F.mmdUhth\jH  has  the  maxillary  moderate,  while  in 
Ininiiiii  it  is  lij^urodas  narrow,     {tr,  within;  //.'Acrg,  black  ;  /'^Or?,  fish.) 


Subgenus  INERMIA.  P<>«\v. 
i;4'i.  l-l.n.WKIiUIITIIVS  VITTATI  S  (1'im  \). 

(KOliA   I 

Iliad  I;  depth  I'J;  eye  i^  in  head;  suoiit  iJ.  It.  XI,  III-I,  10;  A.  Ill,  H; 
siaits  100.  N'ertebra'  lii-|-14.  Body  slender,  fusiform,  back  rounded,  the 
si'i'IIdii  of  the  body  foi'iniu<r  au  oval  of  which  the  small  diameter  is  jj  the 
laijif.  Maxillary  narrow,  not  wider  than  pupil,  exteiidinjj  beyond  front 
of  eye,  about  25  in  head;  Jaws  subei|ual;  premaxillary  iirocesscs  very 
Idiiu;;  ,jaw8  without  teeth;  pharyn<;eal  teeth  present;  ])reorbital  moderate, 
j  (lianieter  of  eye;  ]»ieopoichs  with  its  vertical  limb  entire,  the  angle 
with  llat,  thin  serra*,  the  outline  rounded,  the  bono  cavernous  anteriorly; 
lower  Jaw  uot  cavernous;  operde  Avith  a  ronj^h  ])oint;  nostrils  small, 
jiliicid  liigh;  lower  Jaw  without  pores;  lateral  line  with  asli>4;ht  keel  pos- 
teriorly.    Body  everywhere  with  small  scales  except   on  tip  of  snout; 


I,    ! 


i.mo 


Dulictin  ./7,  fbii fid  Stalls  /Vaiiomil  Muscupn. 


ilornal  Una  slonilnr;  jtoctoral  nliort,  \\  in  hviul;  viMitrnln  inndt^rnto,  v  iti, 
uxillary  HoiilitH;  v««rtlciil  Hiin  without  Ncali-H  oxc-upt  tlio  Hhutith  »t  liit-; 
oatiilnl  tl««|>ly  foi  kutt,  nearly  uh  lon^  mh  IhmuI,  tlio  an^lcH  pointtwl.  (  ..Im 
grooniHli,  hliiiHh-wliito  buluw;  Hiiout  ycllowiHh;  a  bniatl  bund  <*f  K"|'ii 
tin)(tMl  vvitli  yi'lldw  from  oyo  to  tail;  thnto  Niniibir  bandH  on  bark,  i||,. 
niudian  onu  nioHt  diHtinrt  and  niont  m^ular;  dornalH  palti  yullow;  rmxiii 
dnpky  violot,  tho  Itordttrn  piilo;  pi'ttoral  nmy;  vontralH  and  anal  wliiic. 
Cii'da  5;  ail'  idnddttr  vny  Hniall.  lion^tli  M  inchoH.  Havana  (I'im\,, 
\'ory  ruri),  bnt  oo-aHionally  viHitin^  tint  coant  of  Cuba  in  ^nuit  Hcbon,-,  m 
Dttroniber.     (I'ttlatim,  -itripcd.) 

Iin'imia  vittnta,  Poicr,  MinimriitM,  n,  lu:i,  1800,  Havana. 

tUitmeliehthfiil  viltittiiK,  Pdkv,  .Syilii|mU,  irJO,  IHOH. 

Erythrichthy$  viUatun,  I'oby,  Kniiiii<<rutio,  4U,  IH75 ;  Johdan  \  Keslku,  I.  c,  fiS,  18U:i. 


I''     I 


:;.:| 


I;:!! ' 


IM 


■  I 


i  I 
M 


Family  CIJII.  (IKKKID.K. 

(TlIK    Mu.lAltnAH.) 

Hudy  oblon;jor<(dcvat»'d,  <'Oinpn'HHo«l,  rovorcd  with  Inrjjo,  Hniooth  schIcm; 
lateral  lino  continuoiiH,  cont^urrt^nt  with  tliu  back;  month  modcinic, 
uxti'omely  protractilv,  duscondin^  whnn  protnidud,  tint  H])lnuH  of  tlitt  juts 
maxiUary  oxtuudinf;  to  above  (^yu,  (dosing; a  di'v])  ^^roovo  in  tlit;  tttp  of  li<  :i(i; 
maxillary  witbontMnpplemental  bono,  iiotHlippin;;  under  tho  vorynaridw 
proorbital,  it»  snrfaiie  Hilvory,  like  tho  rowt  of  the  head;  baHo  of  niaiulililc 
Hfaly,  a  slit  botwven  it  and  the  proorbital  to  permit  its  free  motion;  lioili 
,jawH  with  Hlondor,  villiform  teeth;  no  iucisors,  canineH,  nor  molars;  no 
teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines;  i)n'oi)enle  entire  or  serrate;  Hides  of  licud 
Hcaly;  noatrilH  double,  round;  ])Heud4d)ran<'hia'  <M)ncealed;  ^ill  rakers  >liiiii, 
broad;  gill  nunnbranes  Hoparate,  free  from  the  iHthmns;  dorsal  liu  Hini;li', 
continuous  or  deeply  ncttchod,  the  spinous  and  Hoft  portionu  about  niHMllv 
developed,  with  a  scaly  sheath  alon;^  th(«  base;  dorsal  S])ine8  usually  :i  oi 
10;  anal  UHually  with  3  s])ineH,  the  soft  portion  of  the  (in  similar  to  liic 
soft  dorsal  but  shorter;  ventral  tins  thoracic,  I,  5,  rather  close  to;ii  iIhi. 
slightly  behind  pectorals:  braut'liiostegals(5;  lower  pharyngeal  bones  (lose 
tog<'ther,  often  appearing  to  be  uniteil,  the  teeth  blunt;  air  blaihler  pres- 
ent; pyloric  co'ca  rudimentary  ;  vertebra- 10+11  21.  Oviitarons,  (icruT;! 
6  or  S;  species  about  10.  Carnivorous  tishes  of  moderate  or  small  size 
inhabiting  the  tropical  seas.  Tht\v  dilfer  considerably  in  form  and  in 
deve1o])ment  of  spines,  but  the  intergradatioiis  are  very  perfect,  so  tli.it 
bntfor  the  osteological  peculiarities  of  certain  species  all  might  be  placeii 
in  one  genus. *  The  larger  8))ccie8  are  used  as  food  and  are  of  excillcnt 
llavor.     {Uerrida;  (Jilnthor,  Cat.  Fishes,  iv,  252-2«j1,  18»>2.) 

a.  DurHiiI  tin  coutinuoiis,  deeply  iiotclieil. 

6.  Second  interliii'iiiat  spine  Hinf^nliuiy  developed,  jib  a  liollow  eylindor,  roiiiinirii. 
tively  sliort  mid  niiirli  expiinded.  tlie  postt>rior  end  of  tlie  air  bladder  cnlcr 
iiig  itH  cavity  J  j>reoperclc  iiiul  i)reorbital  entire;  anal  H])ineH  .■),  the  sicoml 
not  iniu'h  enlarKed.  PIccinohtomis,  j'l'.t. 


*For  descriiitioDH  and  ('oniplete  Hynonyniv  of  lite  HjieeieH  of  this  family  woe  iiiiprr  liv 
Evormauu  &  Meek  in  Prou.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci."  I'l'iila.  1880,  250-272. 


Jordan  and  F.vennann, — Fishes  of  North  Anuriax.     l.'Jfl? 

hh.  Ht'cniiil  intrrliii'innl  ■ptiin  iiorniall.v  iI<-vvI(i|h'iI,  not  linllow,  llii<  iilr  lilitililnr  iml 

KnlrrliiK  it. 

e.  Sto'onil  liiti'i'liii'tDitl  M|>lno  v«r.v  Mli<irl,  liliintiitli;  niul  M|)lnpM  3,  botli  Nniiilli 

|)rito|M'M'lii  iinti  |iiTi»rliltul  unllri'.  UL.f.MA,  Stio, 

I'd.  S4ti'<iiiil  iriliM-liii'iiiiil  H|iiii«  luiiK.  H|)«ur'H|iii|H>il ;  iiiiul  ii|i1iii>n  '.>  or  ll,  the  •ocniiil 

(■iiliirKUtl. 

(1.  i*r(M>|H'rrli' t'Utirtt;  HUfltuxl  iinitl  M|iiiHMniHli'ritt«.  X  viT.ttMA,  Mil. 

(/(/.  I'r<to|i(iri^Ui  Ntirratft^  acfloiiil  anal  Hpiiio  tniioli  unlaruttil.    (iRkkbh,  502. 

559    EUCINOSTOMUS,  Itiiinl  A  (iiraiil. 

(Mo.lAKItlTAH.) 

AiMMiix/nmi'f,  llAlitl)  \  (ilUAKl),  Niiitli  Hiiiith.  liotiorl  IN.'iB, '.!•)  (a/','/<'iif<>i>«). 

Iiitorliiciiiul  Itono  of  tlie  Httcoiul  uniil  Hpiiiu  gn^atly  iiioililltMl,  expanduil 
into  a  hollow  rylindur,  iuto  which  thn  poHtorior  fiid  of  tho  uir  hliuMor 
eiitiTs.  I'ruoport'li)  uiul  ]troorhitul  entiro;  body  coniitariitivoly  oloii^uto, 
Hiil>i>lli])tii'iil  ill  form;  uiial  NidiieH  3;  Ww  Hucond  anal  Hpin««  and  foiiitli 
(loiMil  Hpiiio  not  ^ruatly  oiilar^ft'd.  S])«*'i«;H  iiunu>rouH  in  warm  H<>aH,  r«i- 
iiiiirUabh)  for  tin-  Htiuotiiro  of  tho  hucoiuI  iiitorhii'iiial,  which  ia  fornird 
soiiixwiiat  an  in  CalamuH,  hut  lumh  nioro  inodititul  than  in  the  latter  Kunna. 
(m\  well;  Hii'tici),  toniovo;  droun,  month.) 

(I.  I'munxilliiry  Kroovo   wlioily  imkod,  linear  or  Hcniioval,  Monietiincs   conHtrictnil  at 
ItaHC,  liiit  never  hciiIihI;  anal  rayH  III,  7. 
h.  K,ve  very  lar^e,  Uh  ilianieler  niiieli  greater  tlian  len(;tli  of  huouI,  '_'|  in  length  of 
liead.    KxpoHed  portion  of  uiuxillary  Ninall,  triaiiKuluri  prumaxillary  xmovu 
linear.  iiowi,  I7t:i. 

hh.  Kye  inoderatu,  tmiially  more  than  3  in  head,  itH  dianietnr  ahout  equal  to  length 
of  Hnout.     KxpoHcil  portion  of  maxillary  triangular  in  front,  obloD);  litOiiiid. 
c.  Itmly  elongate,  the  bai^k  little  elevated;  greatest  depth  '.i^  to  11}  in  length. 
Anal  H)iineH  Hmall,  the  Hucond  4^  in  length  of  head.     I'HEriKxii^LA.  1744. 
ec.  llody  more  coniproHHcd,  deeper,  tho  hack  more  elevated;  groatOHt  depth 
2'i  ill  length. 
(/.  Snontliliiiit:  eye  large,  scarcely  .'1  in  head;  necond  anal  spine  large, 
2ij  to  ;ii  in  head  ;  premaxillary  groove  linear.     itARKNdiiLi'a,  174.'). 
(/({.  Snout  less  hlnnt;  eye  not  ho  large,  more  than  II  in  head;  second  anal 
spine  8liort«'r,  3|  to4.J  in  head;  the  premaxillary  groove  becom- 
ing broader  with  age,  linear  in  the  yoiiiig;  spinous  dorsal  black 
at  tip,  especially  in  the  young.  cAMFoHNnoNsis,  174(1. 

(1(1.  I'remaxillary  groove  scaled  in  front,  the  scales  leaving  a  naki'd  jdt  behind.  Kejith 
2f!  in  length;  head  3  to  3,^  ia  length  of  body.  Second  anal  spine  about  ll}  in 
head.  OULA,  1747. 

I74:t.  i:iIVIN0ST0NU8  DOWl  (Gill). 

Ileiid  ;V? ;  dei)th  U;  oyo  larj-e,  2'i  in  head;  snont  3i,  and  interorbital  3,"; 
in  head ;  scales  5-45-10.  Hody  rather  slender,  comiuosHed,  elliptical,  back 
little  elevated,  head  Hat,  with  a  slif^ht  d«'pres.siou  above  front  of  orbit. 
Maxillary  triangnhir  and  small,  the  width  at  the  iiosterior  end  being  J  tho 
leiij,'tli,  which  is  about  ^  diameter  of  eye,  also  A  length  of  second  dorsal 
spine.  Proorbitiil  and  ])reoperele  entire.  Second  and  third  dorsal  spines 
about  equal,  the  third,  perhaps,  slightly  longer,  \i  in  head,  all  weak  and 
lleNihle.  Second  anal  spine  relatively  strong,  third  weaker,  but  slightly 
lon;;er,  2^;  base  of  anal  1^  to  2|  in  length  of  head;  least  depth  of  caudal 


M^ 


1368         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


■   ■  1 
;  I'  ;  I 


poduncle  2|  in  head;  pectorals  about  J  length  of  hciul,  their  tips  reacliiiiK 
vent;  ventralsly  in  head,  reaching;  al ton t  '  ilistancc  to  vent.  Prcniaxillm y 
groove  narrow,  usucally  linear  and  naked,  and  not  e\tendin<^  (piite  to  tho 
vertical  of  center  of  pupil.  C«dor  silvery,  with  bluish  relicrtions,  daiki  r 
above  lateral  lino ;  tips  of  spinous  dorniil  black  ;  ventrals  dusky;  a  bljirl< 
BU]»raorbital  spot;  caudal  dusky;  body  covered  with  very  line  dark  puiic. 
tulatiouH.  Length  ;J  to  (J  inches.  The  specimens  here  describo'l  fKnn 
I'anania.  Tacifu;  coast  of  tropical  America^  (Jalapagos  Islands;  ranaiiia. 
Specimens  very  similar  have  been  taken  at  Key  West  and  Havana,  but 
these  nuiy  be  referable  to  EHci)iont(,mun  liarcngulits.  (Named  for  Capt. 
John  M.  Dow.) 

Diaptenigdowi,  Gii.i,,  I'roc.  Ac.  \at.  Sci.  IMiila.  1803,  162,  Panama.    ((■<41.  Dow.) 
Oerresdoivi,  Evehmann  &.  .Mkkk,  in  part,  I.  c,  25!>. 

1744.  El'OI.NOSKJ.'ttllS  rSKI'IMMJlLA,  1'o.y. 

Head3|to3.i;  depth  3j^;  ej'«i  3,i  in  head;  snout  3];  interorbital  width 
3*.  1).  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  .')-49-!t.  Hody  elongate,  elliptical,  nut 
much  compressed;  Itack  little  elevated;  profile  evenly  convex;  top  of  head 
little  convex;  mouth  rather  small,  end  of  maxillary  reaching  sliglnly 
J  ast  vertical  from  frontof  orbit ;  length  of  maxillary  '.i^  in  length  of  head, 
its  exjtosed  portion  nearly  triangular  and  about  \  length  of  head,  its 
greatest  width  .4  its  greatest  length;  preorliital  and  preopercle  entire; 
snout  not  mneh  pointed,.  c(mical;  cheeks  each  with  3  rowsof  sciiled;  7  nil! 
rak<-rs  below  the  angle.  Dorsal  spines  all  weak  and  (lexiblo;  second  and 
third  subequal,  H  in  length  of  head;  base  of  anal  2  in  length  of  head, 
spines  small,  the  secouJ  the  stronger,  its  length  1 1  in  length  of  head,  aliont 
equal  in  length  to  third  spine  or  slightly  shorter;  least  depth  of  candai 
peduncle  3  in  leugtli  of  head;  tips  of  pectoral  tins  reaching  vent,  tlieii 
length  about  3i  in  length  of  body ;  vctnils  l.V  in  head,  their  tips  reach  Jnij 
J  distance  to  vent;  premaxillary  groove  long,  linear  and  free  from  scales. 
(/olor  greenish  above,  with  bluish  reflections,  silvery  lielow;  snout  bia(  Iv- 
ish;  tips  of  spinous  dorsal  black  ;  pectorals  pale;  dusky  in  axil ;  ventrals 
and  anal  pale;  caudal  reddish.  Length  2:|  to  7  inches.  Here  descriliiMJ 
from  specimens  from  Havana.  West  Indies  to  Brazil,  not  rare;  IJermudas; 
Cuba;  St.  Lucia;  Bahia.     {tpf^vS7f?,  false;  giila.) 

EueiiiDStomns  puciidngiila,  Poky,  Kniiineratio,  .IS,  \t\.  1,  187"),  Havana. 

Gi-rre.i  jnni-si.,  GrNTiiEU,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hi.st.,  Ml,  1879,  150  and  389,  Bermudas. 

(•errespxetidognla,  Eveu.mann  &.  AfKEK,  I.  c,  260. 

1745.  EUl'IXOSTOMIS  IIAKKNGI MS,  Goodo  \  H.an. 

Head3Ho3i;  depth  3  to  31.  D.  IX,  TO;  A.  111,7;  V.  15;  V.  I,  .i;  C. 
-f  17+.  Scales  5-44-10;  diameter  of  eye  exceedinglengthof  snout,  3  times 
in  the  length  of  the  head,  and  equaling  width  of  interorbital  space;  the 
groove  for  the  processes  of  the  intermaxillaries  naked;  gill  rakers  small, 
about  4 -j- 7;  free  portion  of  tail  longer  than  high;  least  height  of  tail 
ei|ualing  length  of  sixth  d(U',sal  spine;  third  dorsal  spine  longest,  its 
length    .vice  in  height  o'body  and  e(|ualiug  length  of  lieail  without  i)ost 


orliital   pi 

(''{ualiii^ 

/iilly  1.1  til 

>luirter  thi 

tainoil  .'i-^  t 

llian  Jcngt 

jK'ctdral  re 

tral  half  a 

i  liu  hack  \\ 

of  I  he  sides 

lu'j;  tlio  upji 

tV   lieaii.) 

WcsfflM  Fid 
llti^  e  of  /III f 

F.Hi  illOitomUH 

(I'yiiK,  No 
(i<  ri-'S  hateniju 


Head  Wi^;  ( 

.siiDiil   3.i  in 

tical.  coinprei 

not  Mi'v  stee 

almo.st  to  ver 

po.sed  portioi 

2  in  its  lengtl 

entire;  prema 

[ijnicilix),  bee 

and  .sometime 

.ahvay.s  linear, 

•  iill  rakers  sm 

lii'xihlc,  the  lo 

iiii;  ahoiit  half 

tips  reaching  1 

tr.ils  and  caiit 

Color  in  life  h 

•lirsky ;  .spinom 

especially  in  tli 

zontal  li;ir.  thes 

soft  dorsal  pun 

.'In  the  paper  on 

(ii'rres  hareiuudiin, 
till'  syiiDiiyin'v  of  tl 
are  vcrvcjo.selv  rejj 
snout,  si.iiiewliat  l:i 
■^nmifX]:  .seeoiid  hi 
Mii,tiinii,',ixis  froii) 
!/"(".'!,  /isrndoifiila  ( 
varieties  of  one,  j?.' 

imo 9' 


Ionian  and  livcrinann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      l.'MJO 


'\ 


orbitMl  portion;  last  doi  sal  spiiio  equaling  length  of  second  anal,  about 
(■i|iiiilin;:l«i'J?th  ofsnont,  and  about  i  aa  lonj;  as  tins  third;  first  dorsal  ray 
I'ullv  li  times  as  long  as  Mrst  dorsal  spine;  second  anal  spine  stronger  and 
-.liditcr  than  third,  its  length  \\\  in  length  of  head ;  third  anal  spine  con- 
tiinod  \\\  times  in  length  of  head;  caudal  forked,  its  length  slightly  less 
tliaii  length  of  liea<l,  and  very  little  greater  than  length  of  pectoral;  the 
iio(  t.oral  reaching  to  the  perpendicular  through  <»rigin  of  soft  dorsal;  ven- 
tiiil  liair  as  long  as  head;  vent  under  the  second  ray  of  the  soft  dorsal. 
i  iio  hack  with  a  slight  tawny  hue,  interrnjited  as  it  blends  with  the  white 
(it  ilii'  sides  by  5  or  (!  indistinct  scollojjy  incursions  of  the  body  color,  giv- 
iii  ■  the  upper  part  of  the  side  of  the  lish  a  marbled  appearance.  (Go(»de 
iV  iiean.)  Atlantic  coast  of  tropical  America,  connnon ;  known  from 
western  Florida,  Key  West,  .Jamaica,  Santo  Domingo  and  liahia.  (dimin- 
utive oi harciKjits,  herring.) 

t:Hi-iiinttiimtis  harenguluK,  Goopk  it  Hean,  I'roc  l^.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1879,  i;i2,  West  Florida. 

(  I'vpt),  No.  ">U5,  r.  S.  N.  M.     ('oil.  Kaisur  \-  .Miirlili.) 
(,, , ;.«  haiengulus,*  Jorda.n  &  (Iu-iiekt,  Synopsis,  584. 

nU.  Kl'('I>OST()Mi;S  (  AI.II'OUMK.VSIS  (Uill). 

(M0.IAHUA  (.'A.NTII.K.NA.) 

ilt'Mi  :H;  depth  L'J^  to  2*;  eye  not  vi'ry  large,  its  diameter  S!  in  head; 
siidiil  "{.i  in  head.  Dorsal  IX,  10;  A.  111,7.  Scales  5-4,')-9.  Hody  ellip- 
tic,! i.  ('(tnipressed,  back  moderately  elevated;  anterior prolile  little  convex, 
not  \ '  ry  steep ;  snout  rather  pointed,  mouth  moderate,  maxillary  reaching 
iilmost  to  vortical  from  front  of  orbit,  its  length  1!  in  length  of  head;  ex- 
nosed  portion  of  maxillary  triangular  in  front,  oblong  behind,  its  width 
2  in  its  length,  which  is  IJ  in  length  of  head;  preorbital  and  preopercle 
entile;  premaxillary  groove  long,  linear  and  naked  in  young  specimens 
{iirncilh),  becoming  in  older  examples  (califoriiicnsis)  more  or  less  oval 
iuid  sometimes  forming  a  rounded  pit.  In  the  cranium  the  groove  is 
uivvuys  linear,  this  variaticm  being  due  to  changes  in  the  tlesh  and  skin. 
dill  rakers  small  and  weak,  7  below  the  angle.  Dorsal  spines  weak  and 
llesible,  the  longest  If  to  2i',,  iu  head;  ventr.al  fins  short,  their  tips  reach- 
iiijr  alxiiit  halfway  to  anal,  their  length  IH  in  head  ;  pectorals  slender,  their 
tips  reaching  beyond  vent;  length  of  pectorals  about  e(iual  to  he.ad;  ven- 
tiiils  and  caudal  mostly  covered  Avith  small  scales;  other  fins  naked. 
Color  in  life  silvery,  greenish  above;  snout  and  upper  part  of  caudal 
(liisi<y;  spinous  dorsal  punctate  at  base,  usually  abruptly  black  at  tip, 
('specially  in  the  young;  the  dark  areas  sejiarated  by  a  transjjarent  hori- 
/oiitiil  bar.  these  markings  wanting  in  some  specimens,  perhaps  females; 
soft  •loi'sal  punctate;  caudal  with  a  faint  dusky  margin;  ventrals  pale. 


'  III  till!  ])iiper  on  this  genua  by  Everni-inn  &  Mt  ek  (Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1886,  261), 
Ci'i-rex  hareiKjuliis,  as  represented  by  specimens  rroiii  Florida  and  Cuba,  was  referred  t(f 
till'  syiiiinyiiiy  of  the  west  coast  En'einogtomxiu  ifrneili.i  (califoniinisin).  The  two  species 
arc  vcrvilosely  rela.ed.  A  coinparisoii  of  spccinK'ns  shows  tliat  liarenguliis  has  a  blunter 
siiiiiit,  siiiiicwhat  larger  eye,  anil  larmier  anal  aiiiiies  than  eati/dniiingis.  Kyo  2.i  in  head; 
sniiut:i{;  sei'ond  anal  spine  2J  to  IIJ  in  head  in  harnunduii  from  Key  West  (UJ,  -ii.  i^  in 
c(di/iii-)iiciisia  from  dnymas).  it  is,  however,  not  always  possible  to  distinguish  haren 
giili'.i,  psi'iiiUxjida.  gr  i  ilis,  rali/ornientis  and  doui,  and  perhaps  all  may  prove  to  be 
varieties  of  oii«,  Ji.'  cali/ornien»ix. 

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1370  Dullcthi  /7,  United  States  Natiotiat  Museum. 

Length  3  to  K  inches.  Pncitic  coast  of  Mexico;  excessively  conimou  in 
shallow  bays,  and  enterinfj;  streams;  known  from  Gnaymus  and  Cape  Situ 
Lucas  to  Panama;  onco  taken  at  San  Diego. 

Diapterua  cali/orniensin,*  Glix,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  T'hila.  1862,  245,  Cape   San    Lucas. 

(Coll.  XautuM. ) 
Diaptervt  (jracilU,  (Jii-l,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1862,240,  Cape  San   Lucas.     (Ci.ll. 

XaiituH.) 
Oenrs  cmercn»,\  var.  nov.,  EiriRNMANN  \-  Eioknmann,  Amor.  Naturalist,  Fob.,  1891,  ir.s, 

San  Diego.    (Coll.  Ei<{t)iiiiianii.) 
aerrenijraeiliii,  Kvkumann  &.  Mekk,  I.  c,  201. 
(li'iret  rali/oniienids,  Kveumann  A-  Mekk,  I.  <•.,  2iYi. 
Eucinostomuii  cali/ornimnis,  ;  Joiidan,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  409. 

1747.  Ki;<'INOSTOJIi:S  (;ULA  (Cii\  i.;r  &  ValoncicniiOH). 

(SiLVEIt  .TiCNNV;   MO.IAnilA  DE  LEY;   PETITE  (il'EHLE.) 

IleadSi;  depth  2;;; ;  eye  I^inliPiul;  snout  .3A;  intororbital  widtli  .3.  D. 
IX,  10;  A.  in,  8;  scalos  5-4l.'-9.  Hody  elliptical,  (•onii)re88ed,  back  modi  r- 
atdy  clovatcd,  numth  small;  end  of  maxillary  reaching  slightly  p.ist 
vertical  Ironi  front  margin  of  orbit;  exi^osed  portion  of  maxillary  ncjiiiv 
(d)long,  its  width  about  2  in  its  length,  which  is  from  4  to  5  in  the  lcii:;tli 
of  the  head;  preorbital  and  i)rcopercle  entire.  Gill  rakers  small  and  u(Mk, 
7  below  the  angle;  premaxillary  groove  scaled  in  front,  tlie  posterioi'  |i;nt 
naked,  forming  a  wort  of  pit;  longest  dorsal  spine  U  in  head;  second  iiiuil 
8])iiie  shorter  and  stronger  than  third,  its  length  about  '^}^  in  head ;  vcntnils 
reaching  nearly  to  vent,  their  length  1*  in  length  of  head;  pectomls 
reaching  front  of  anal,  tlieir  length  about  3  in  length  of  body.  ,Se(  (HkI 
intcrliaMual  hollow  and  enlarged.  Color  silvery,  greeni.sh,  darker  aliovc; 
no  distinct  longitudinal  lines  except  in  very  young;  ujtper  margin  of 
spinous  dorsal  more  or  less  black;  dorsal  and  anal  lins  dusky,  other  linb 


*  The  following  i.s  the  .sniistanco  of  Dr.  Gill's  (Icscriptiou  of  E.  californiensis: 

Ilcadlil;  <lci)tli  2f,  in  yoiiiij;.  1).  I.X,  10;  A.  Ill,  8.  Scales  0-44-lU,  Caudal  pediiiuli. 
.slendei  and  attciiuutt'd  iit  middle.  Tlic  diameter  of  eye  2:-I  limes  (.0!))  in  lie.id ;  siioni  li',. 
Interorbilal  area  llaltened,  groovo  I'or  tlie  postt^rior  processes  of  premaxillarics  linind, 
scaleloss,  semioval,  and  reaching  verlical  of  ends  of  niaxillaries,  exjjosed  portions  of  mux 
illiirics  convex  above,  semicordate,  twice  as  long  as  liroad.  Lateral  line  sigmoidiilly 
curved.  .Second  and  third  dorsal  Bi>ines  nearly  e(iual,  SJ  in  hotly,  IJ  in  head,  nearly  Iwiir 
as  long  M8  last  spine.  Third  anal  spine  larger  than  se(Mind,  shorter  than  last  dors;il  unr. 
and  4  in  head.  Caudal  .',  louger  than  head,  eipiallng  pectorals,  and  twice  as  Inni:  ;is 
ventrala.    Color  silvery,  with  steel-hlue  reflections  above;  the  lins  immaculate.    (Cill.) 

t  A  speciniou  taken  at  San  Diegoiind  recorded  by  Dr.  Eigenninnn  as  "■  llerreH  cincirns,  var. 
nov.,"  seems  to  belong  to  Eiifi)w.st(iinii,i  fali/(>i)iieiii>iii.  Head  3;';  de)»th  2;; ;  scales  Oi.'i- 111; 
eye  equal  to  intororbital  space,  .5  in  head  ;  maxillary  .jtist  reaching  front  of  eye;  iireilors;il 
distance  2.V  in  length  :  caudal  tin  slightly  longer  than  head,  second  anal  spine  sliorl,  ;iliiiiit 
3.)  in  hc.'idl  ventral  (ins  1,\  iu  heiul.  Dark  jiunctulations  evervwhere,  excci>t  on  vniliiil 
surface;  no  dark  lateral  b'ars;  u|i|ier  ])orlion  of  H)>iiioiis  ilorsnl  tin  blackish;  all  the  liii.> 
tiiiely  punctate,  the  pectorals  least  so;  a  dark-blue  iixillary  B\utt.  Length  about  7  incliis. 
San  Du'go.     (Kigeiimanu.) 

;•'  EiiciiiiiKtiimiig  calij'iirnientit  is  generally  common  along  tlie  west  coast  of  Mexico, 
from  (iuaymas  lo  Panaiuii.  It  is  probably,  liowcver,  not  found  iu  the  AVest  Inilii  s.  In' 
clo.sely  related  Eiiciiionioniuii  harnii/iilut  being  a)tparently  a  ditlerent  si>ecie8.  The  >pi'i  i 
mens  called  califoruiensis  by  (iill.  having  the  premaxillaiy  groove  semioval  or  Usli;i]ii'il, 
seem  to  rojiresent  the  adult  of  this  sjtecies.  Those,  called ';/''''«'''*.  w'ith  the  premiixillnrv 
groove  linear,  are  the  young  or  half  grown.  Still  others,  especially  adults,  have  tlii' 
premaxillary  groove  round,  forming  a  pit,  and  every  intermediate  character  may  be  Iniiuil. 
At  first  wc  thought  it  possible  to  separate  crtii/or/uV/i.t/*  and  gracilis  aa  distinct  siniies. 
The  c;ireful  reexamination  of  some  200  specimens  loaves  us  wholly  unable  to  seiMialc 
them,  as  all  grades  of  variation  occur.  Apparently  the  ])renmxillary  groove  is  limur  in 
the  young,  growing  broailer  witli  age,  but  the  changes  very  irregular.  The  name  /.Cci/io- 
stomitii  cali/orniensinhas  priority  over  A',  gracilis".    (Jordan.) 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1371 

pulf.  Tho  form  of  this  specios  rf^somblos  that  of  Kitcinoatomua  mliforni- 
,n^l'<,  but  the  body  is  always  less  elongate  than  in  the  latter.  Tho  form  of 
its  proiii.'ixillary  groove,  din'ering  from  that  of  any  other  species,  attbrds 
(lie  Itest  character  for  distinction.  Carolina  to  Itra/.il,  tho  young  ranging 
iioitli  to  Woods  Hole;  excessively  common  everywhere  in  shallow  water 
aiul  on  sandy  shores,  as  is  its  congener  californiensia  in  the  Pacidc.  It 
ro.M  litis  a  length  of  4  or  5  inches,  and  is  used  only  for  bait.  The  only  spe- 
cii  .s  ranging  far  northward,  {gula,  throat;  from  the  common  name  Petile 
iiiu'ilc  iit  Martinitiuo.) 

(:,rir.i;iuln, CiiviKU \  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  vi, 4f4, 18no,  Martinique;  G Cnthek, 
('it.  Fialios,  I,  340,  1859,  and  iv,  2'>'>,  1802;  Eveiimann  \  Meek,  I.  c,  204. 

^•»ll/l"^^>»l".v  anjenlvus,  HaiuOiV  (!ikaiu>,  Ninth  Siiiitli.  Keport  1655,  345,  Bcesley  Point, 
New  Jersey.    (CdII.  liiiinl.) 

l-jiciiKifliimiiKijulula,  I'OKY,  Kniiint'i-atio,  54,  jil.  2,  1875,  Havana. 

l)i,(l'i'riis  homoniniiuti,  (JooDK  &•  Hean,  Proc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mils.  1879,  I!4(l.  Clearwater  Har- 
bor, Florida.    (Tyjw,  No.  23639.    Coll.  Dr.  Volio.) 

{/(crtv.'  a.-i/i'uteut  and  homonymut,  Joudan  &.  Gn.iiEUT,  SynopHi.s,  584. 


560.  UL/BMA,  .Jordan  A:,  Evermann. 


ri'iiihi.  .loiiDAN  it  EVEHMANN,  I'roc.  Ciil.  Ac.  Sci.  1805,  471  (le/rnyi). 

This  gi'iins  is  close  to  EuoinoHtomun,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  form  of 
the  soi'ond  interhamial,  which  is  short,  bluntish,  and  not' hollowed  out. 
Tho  single  known  species  is  slender  in  form,  with  weak  spines,  the  anal 
tin  liMviug  but  2.  (oi'doc;  entire;  ahia,  l)lood,  for  iiiterhiemal,  the 
iiiterhiiiiial  being  entire  and  not  eup-shaped  at  its  upi)er  end.) 

1748.  UL.KJIA  LKFIIOYI  (tioode). 

Ilcail  H^  to  3.V;  depth  .S? ;  eye  largo,  2 J  in  head;  snout  3^ ;  interorbital 
widtii  I!;  scales  5-47-9.  1).  IX,  10.  A.  II,  8.  IJody  elongate,  elliptical,  not 
very  strongly  compressed ;  back  little  elevated;  snout  conical,  not  much 
poiiitcil;  mouth  small,  end  of  maxillary  reaching  scarcely  beyond  vertical 
from  iiiiterior  margin  of  orbit,  its  length  3  in  length  of  head,  exposed  por- 
tion ni^iirly  tri.angular,  its  greatest  width  2  in  its  length,  which  is  .">  in 
ienutii  of  liead;  top  of  head  flattish;  ])remaxillary  groove  long,  linear  ,ind 
naked  ;  gill  r.akers  weak,  smii  I,  7  or  8  below  the  angle ;  dorsal  spines  all 
\v('ai<  and  flexible,  second  and  third  siibeijual,  \  in  length  of  head,  upper 
inaif,nii  of  the  lin  concave;  second  anal  sjiine  moderate,  its  length  4  in 
liead;  hast  dept.  of  caudal  peduncle  3:i  in  length  of  head.  Color  silvery, 
ilaiki  r  above,  ev(.  y  where  with  tine  dusky  punctiilations  and  traces  of 
(TOSS  liars;  top  of  f<<nnous  dorsal  black;  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  dusky; 
ventraLs  and  pectorals  paler,  but  with  dusky  puuctulations;  axil  dusky; 
a  dark  spot  on  supraorbital;  snout  dusky;  no  distinct  stripes  along  rows 
of  .siaii's.  Length  2  to  8  inches.  Well  distinguished  from  KucinoatomuH 
pmtdoijiila  and  other  related  spec-ies  by  the  presence  of  but  2  anal  sjiines, 
a  cliaiiuter  which  reappears  in  the  very  different  species,  Gerres  rhomheus. 
A  much  more  marked  character,  however,  is  found  in  the  small,  solid  in- 
terbainal,  which  is  wholly  unlike  that  of  Eiicinoatomut.  West  Indies,  on 
sandy  shores,  north  to  Cedar  Keys;  known  from  the  Uermudas,  Cuba,  Key 


■     ■■!    t! 


'       v 


1372         IhiUctin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


West,  and  Cedar  Keys.  ( Naiii«d  lor  " Maj.  Om.  J.  II.  T,efroy,  Y.  R.  S.,  ;;i)v- 
cnior  of  thu  MeriiiiuhiH,  a  jrtnitluiiiau  of  wfll-known  Bciriitifit;  attaiiiiii*  nU 
and  ruputation,  ^vb()  while  doiii^  .so  iiiiu-h  for  the  Hocial  aiul  political  wel- 
fare of  the  ialaiids  is  also  takiug  an  active  part  iu  the  development  of  tiir 
Natural  IliHtory."    (ioodo.) 

lHni>teru»  h'j'roifi,  (iooDS,  Aiiifi-.  Joiiv.  Sci.  niiil  Arts  1K74, 12;i,  Bermudas;  Eveumann  a 

Mkkk,  rnic.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  I'liila.  IHKti,  25i). 
Kitciiwutoiiiiiii  }iroiiucliii,   I'oKY,  Kiiiiincralio,  !>.'),  1870;  iiiul  Ann.  Lyo.  Nat.  Hist.  N.   V, 

lK7f>,  Havana. 
IjUCiiiDslomun  UJroiji,  ( looUK,  Hull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus..  v,  31»,  1870. 

561.  XYSTiEMA,  .Ionian  A  Evorniann. 


(Mo.lAI{R.\.S    lU.ANCA.S.) 

Xi/xtcema,  JdHDAN  A  Kvkumann,  rrw.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  18!t5,  471  {inni'mit}. 

This  genus  <lifrer8  from  (UrreH  in  having  the  preoperele  entire.  Tho 
body  is  compressed,  !>ut  not  greatly  elevated,  and  the  seeond  anal  uiid 
fourth  dorsal  spines  are  less  enlarg(id  than  in  (Irrres.  Tiie  second  iiiici- 
hiemal  is  long  and  s|iear-Hha]»ed,  not  hollow,  and  not  receiving  the  air 
bladder,  its  structnre  as  in  (In-res.  One  species,  widely  distributed. 
(?u(Jr til',  shaft  of  a  .spear;  ahux,  blood,  for  interhiemal.) 

1740.  XYST«.«A  t'INKUEUM  (AValbaum). 

(MO.IARHA  I)E  CASTA!   MO.IAUUA  ULANCA;  BnOAI)  SHAU.) 

HeadSi;  depth  2^  to  2i-! ;  eye  about  3,V  in  head;  snout  31;  interorliitiil 
width  31, ;  scales  6-45-10.  Body  eomjjressed,  elongate,  back  moderately 
elevated,  tiie  dorsal  profile  being  evenly  convex;  month  moderate,  tin 
maxillary  e.Ktending  but  slightly  beyond  the  vertical  at  anterior  ma rc;iii 
of  orbit,  its  exposed  portion  triangular  in  form  and  twice  as  long  as  w  idc. 
its  length  being  contained  live  times  in  that  of  the  head;  preorbital  and 
preoperele  entire;  premaxillary  groove  broad  and  free  from  scales;  uili 
rakers  weak,  7  below  the  angle;  distance  from  end  of  snout  to  dorsal  tin 
2\  in  hMigth  of  body;  second  dorsal  siune  longest,  about  li  in  head  and 
not  mucii  stronger  than  the  others;  all  the  dorsal  8i)ines  are  weak  and 
flexible ;  general  outline  of  the  u|»per  margin  of  the  sjdnous  dorsal  falcate; 
second  and  third  anal  spines  subeqnal,  second  2,1}  to  2'\  in  length  of  Iicud, 
the  pectorals  scarcely  reaching  anal,  their  length  being  ccmtained  3  times  in 
that  of  body;  ventrals  contained  \i  times  in  head,  and  scarcely  readiin},' 
the  vent.  (Joh)r  silvery,  with  bluish  rellections  above;  sides  with  TorS 
lu'oken,  bluish  vertical  bars,  about  e(iualing  i)npil  in  width,  most  <li.stiiiet 
in  life,  and  present  at  all  ages;  no  dark  stripes  along  scales;  dorsal  and 
caudal  fins  dusky;  other  fins  pale;  ventrals  with  a  few  dark  punctula- 
tions;  axil  daik;  eye  white;  spinous  dorsal  and  ventrals  golden  in  life. 
Length  12  to  15  inches.  Both  coasts  of  troi)ical  America,  and  the  West 
Indies,  north  to  S(mthern  Florida  and  Lower  California;  generally  com- 
mon in  waters  of  moderate  depth;  entering  rivers;  a  good  fish  of  con- 
siderable importance,  being  much  larger  in  size  than  species  of  Gems, 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1373 

Kuowu  from  Havana;  Jamaica;  Martiniqn*);  BahamaH;  Barbados;  Flor- 
iiln  K<ns;  Ma/.atlan;  Kio  PreHidio;  (iiiatemala;  I'uuuma;  Chiapas.  {c\w- 
,r'(w.  asliy  «iay.) 

r,ii(liiiifiiifreu$  pcltalut  (thoSliad),  (Jatehiiy,  Nat.  Hist.  Cnrolinas,  etc.,  1731,  Bahamas. 

]l,:fii!  ciiiei-fW,  W'ai.Iiaum,  Artwli  I'iHciuiii,  '22H,  1702,  Bahamas;  after  ('ATKSIiv. 

(,,,/■,*  (ijii-itiii,  (-'iviEU,  l{(«n(i  Animal,  Kd.2,  ii,  104,  1H29;  ba^eil  on  Catesby;  Ouvieu  vt 

\  Ai.ENiiKNNKs,  HiHt.  Nat.  I'oiHH.,  vi,  401,  18:i(). 
i,,n-'H  zilira,  Ml'i.i.KU  iV  'I'roschki.,  St;liomburgk,  Hist.  ISarlmdo.s,  tHW,  1«48,  Barbados; 

Ci  NTHKH,  Cat.  FiHhoH,  iv,  2.'i4,  1802. 
(i.n'HS'iiiaiiiiiiiiiniii,  CrNTilKU,  Cat.  IMhIics,  i,  ;i49, 18.'>!t,  Jamaica;  Guatemala.    ((JoU.  Dr. 

I'aniiUana  Mr.  Frank.) 


562.  GERRES,  Cnvior. 

(Mo.IAHKAS.) 

fV(  /I  (■',*  CrviEU,  Ri^gne  Anini.,  Ed.  2, 11, 104, 1829  {linentiix,  (>tc.). 

[)iiiptiriiii,  Uanzani,  Nov.  Coninutut.  ISonon.,  v,  1H41, 340  {auriitii.s). 

C'((/hi/.(WJ"»i.  Cantor,  Cat.  Malayan  Vin\wn,  55,  \Si>0  (li nedtim,  kIv.)-.  substitute  for  O'crrc*, 

civiKR,  regarded  by  Cantor  as  preoccupied  by  Gerrin,  Faukicils,  1794,  a  genus  of 

iii>i'Cts. 
M'htinit,  I'OEY, Enunieratio, 50, 1875  (rhombea). 

.'second  interhannal  loiij;  and  spear-sliiiped,  not  excavated  antVuotrcceiv- 
iii;;  tlio  end  of  the  air  bladder;  prt-opcrcle  serrate;  body  elevated  and 
iiKiiit  or  less  rhomboid  in  form,  tbe  third  or  fourth  dorsal  spine  and  the 
Hecoiiil  iiual  spine  more  or  less  elevated.  Species  numerous.  ((lerreH,  siu 
old  name  used  by  Pliny  for  some  fish,  ])crhaps  n  Spicara,  "Fuisse  Gerrea 
aut  iiiiitilos  Ma-iias.     Odor  impudicus  urcei  satebatur.") 

((.  riviirbital  entire  ;  no  distinct  dark  streaks  along  tiie  rows  of  scales. 
MuiiAiiHA  (Mojarra,  S])anisli  name,  from  iniitjcr,  Latin  tnttlier,  woman). 

h.  Anal  spines  2  only,  the  soft  rays  9;  second  dorsal  spine  about  Ii  in  head;  second 
anal  .spine  IJ;  premaxillary  groove  broad,  scalelcss;  body  deej). 

RHO.MIlEf8, 1750. 
DlAi'Tliisrs  {Sta,  divided,  nrepov,  fin) : 

/</>.  Anal  si)ines  3,  soft  rays  8. 

<■.  I'remaxillary  groove  broad,  triangular  or  oval,  and  free  from  scales. 

(/.  l5ody  ovate,  tbe  outline  somewhat  regularly  elliptical,  depth  24  in  length. 

Dorsal  spines  slender,  but  little  tlex  ible,  tlu^  second  scarcely  stronger 

than  the  third,  2  in  length  of  head.    Second  and  third  anal  spines 

Bubeciual,  2'i  in  length  of  head,  second  stronger  than  third. 

Al'RKOI.US,  1751. 


"fill' genus  <lerres\f{M  established  byCuvier  in  the  second  edition  of  the  Ui'gne  Animal, 
tlin  iiiMMc  being  based  on  7  species  as  enumerated  by  him,  iiiO)iiheiii,oyfna,ai>ri<m,p<>ii-ti, 
Ii  Ufa  Ins,  (iriiiirejts,  tnul  maineiitosus.  One  of  these  s]>eciesinu8t,  therefore,  be  chosen  as  the 
type  ciC  (iiirfi.  In  1842  lian/.ani  established  thi;  genus  Piiiiitfnig  on  aiiratuii,  a  species 
closfly  related  to  rlionilwn.s,  or  rather  to  the  allied  oi/v^/i(>.v<()»«n.  In  18.")0  tin?  name  Cat- 
Mho'iiiiin  was  ]iroposed  by  (Cantor  as  a  substitute  for  lierres.  regarded  as  preo<;cupied  l>y 
the  f!iili(>r  nanu!  frcivi'*,  .ipjjlied  by  Fabricius  to  a  genus  of  insects,  .'i'ln!  name  Catoch- 
ivniiiii  <;iii  only  lit*  us«!d  it  (lerres  is  regarded  as  ineligible.  15y  the  rules  followed  by  us, 
fiViTix  must  be  retained,  being  spelled  dilferentlv  from  Uerriii.  In  ditferent  ]>ublications 
of  I'wy.iihiiiiit'H  is  made  the  tyjie  of  (lerrfK,  altliough  it  is  not  one  of  (hivier's  original 
.spwii's.  BhMiker  substitutes  liiaptenis  for  (Icrren  and  <'ati)rh(fninii,  sitecifying  phtmifri 
as  its  type,  while  (Jill  and  I'oey  have  used  the  name  Diaptenta  for  tbe,  allies  of  nri/to,  to 
wliirli  tlic  name  Eueinoitto'muis  has  been  a])plied  in  1855  by  ISaird  and  (lirard.  Althou;  h 
;i/» III iV/i  can  not  be  made  the  type  of  Oi-rres,  it  .seems  to  us  that  (he  cognate  species 
liiii'alui:  lau  be  so  regarded.  If  this  view  is  adopted,  the  restrii'led  (lerrfs  of  the  jiresent 
work  uciiild  correspond  exactly  with  Hie  restricted  (In  res  of  I'oey  uud  Gill.  Tilia  fact 
Certainly , I ustilles  us  in  choosing  lineatus  as  tbe  tyjie  of  the  geuus. 


1374         Diillctin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


\  t' 


11  • 


;<;,.; 


(iKKKEB: 

ail.  I'ri 


c. 


?<• 


(id.  liody  rliomboidal,  Hhort  and  deep,  with  iingnlnr  ontlincH,  tbedi')>tli 

iiHiially  morn  t hnn  J  li^ngtli ;  H))iiiOH Ioiik  and  Hlender ;  Hvcond  doiHal 

Hpinn  2  <"'  niurit  len;{tii  of  head;  Hccund  nnal  Hpino  morn  tlian  } 

lon<;th  of  lioad.  I'EitrviANUS,  17-i'j, 

cc.  rroninxillarj'  groovii  liroad,  oval,  nnd  coverud  with  HcnleH  (theHo  houk*. 

tiiiicH  dt'cidiioiiH  in  ])iiorly  proHOrvfd  Hp<M'ini<;us).    Anal  rayH  III,  S; 

RtMMind  dorsal  Hpino  1^  in  head;  second  anal  Hpin«  1}  in  licad;  tciili 

rathor  lon^  und  Hlender.  olihtiiostumus,  17.'>3. 

'orl)ital  Herrnto;  a  distinct  dark  Htroak  along  each  row  of  HcnlfS  on  back  :irii| 
HJdcM;  body  rliomboidal,  with  unv;ulur  outlifies;  Hpiues  very  Htruug;  anal  imns 
III,  8  or  !l 

Scab's  niwlerato  or  largo,  34  to  .TO  in  lateral  line. 
/.  SpinoH  inoderatu,  the  secon<l  dorsal  Hpine  jj  to  J  length  of  head. 

(f.  Pectorals  short,  barely  reaching  viait ;  second  dorsal  spine  IJ  in  lic.jil ; 

caudal  shorter  than  bead;  lateral  stripes  few:  depth  about  i."  in 

length ;  ;!9  scales  in  lateral  line.  nitEviMANUs,  17."i|. 

(If).  I'octorals  long,  about  as  long  as  bead;  caudal  longer  than  head  ;  sidis 

witb  numerous  dark  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales ;  body  ib  .  p. 

the  back  elevated,  thedopth  2  to  2|  in  length;  dorsal  and  veutr^il^ 

more  or  less  dusky. 

h.  Pectorals  as  long  as  head,  not  reaching  front  of  anal,  .'t  to  li-,  In 

body;  scales  US;  longest  dorsal  8i)ine  Ij"  in  head. 

I.  Third  dorsal  spine  rather  longer  than  second;  10  ro\\  s  ni' 

,  scales  between  lateral  line  and  vent;  opercle  with  leu  it 

any  snuill  scales  at  base.  lineati's,  it:.'!. 

a.  Third  dorsal  spine  not  longer  than    second;   11   rows   oi 

scales    between    lateral    line   and  vent;    opercle  wiilj 

numerous  small  scales  at  base.  nKASiiJANU.s,  17".ti. 

hh.  Pectorals  very  long,  ,',  longer  than  head,  2J  to  23  in  body:  .sec- 

oud  dorsal  spine  longest,  1^  in  head;  scales 35. 

EMllRYX,  17i7. 

//.  Spines  very  high,  the  second  dorsal  spine  longer  than  bead;  second  ;iiial 

spine  aboutequal  to  length  of  head;  lateral  stripes  very  distinct,  alicnit 

12  in  number;  depth  of  body  2i  in  length;  pectorals  very  bmg,  '.'■;  in 

body;  scales  37.  PI.UMieki,  17ri8. 

.  Scales  small,  44  in  lateral  line.    Second  dorsal  spine  about  as  long  as  IhikI: 

depth  of  body  2J  in  length;  lateral  stripes  faint.  MEXICANI'S,  ITj'J, 


Subgenus  MOHARRA,  Pooy. 
1750.  (iKRRKS  RIIOMBEUS,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes. 

Head  3^^;  depth  If;;  eyt;  15^  in  bead;  snout  1;  interorbital  widtli"J; 
scales  5-38-10.  D,  IX,  10;  A.  II,  1).  Body  lunch  compressed,  rboniboidal 
inform,  the  back  much  elevated;  proiib^  evenly  convex  to  supraorbital, 
where  there  is  a  slight  depression ;  snout  somewhat  pointed ;  month  rather 
large;  end  of  maxillary  reaching  to  vertical  from  center  of  i»upil,  its 
length  3  in  he.id;  exposed  portion  of  maxillary  oblong,  its  width  about 
2!^^  in  its  length,  which  is  4^  in  head;  gill  rakers  stronger  than  in  (jiilo 
or  olisthontomnti,  18  below  angle;  premaxillary  groove  broad,  oval,  mid 
free  from  scales;  pectoral  fins  reaching  to  front  of  anal,  their  lengtli  !(  in 
length  of  body;  ventral  tins  reaching  beyond  vent,  their  length  1|  in 
length  of  body;  second  dorsal  s])ine  stronger,  but  shorter  than  tliiid 
and  fourth,  its  length  about  l^  in  length  of  body;  margin  of  fin  fakiite: 
suborbital  entire;   preopercle  entire;   caudal  peduncle  2f  in  length  of 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1376 


ImihI;  anal  spines  constantly  2  in  nimibor,  the  second  11  in  lonjjith  of 
hi.ul.  Color silvt'iy,  withbluisii  i-otlections,  darker  above;  margin  of  dor- 
.s;il  till  black;  fins  ratber  palo;  ventrals  and  anal  with  dusky  pnnctula- 
ti.ns;  snout  dusky;  no  distinct  dark  lines  alonj;  the  rows  of  scales. 
I  .■iii,'lh  H  to  10  inches.  West  Indies  and  Atlantic  coast  of  tropical  Amer- 
M  ,[ ;  generally  eoninion;  known  from  .lainaica,  San  Domingo,  Martinii|ue, 
I'licrto  Cabello,  Havana,  Aspinwall,  liio  Magdalena,  Kanta  Lncin  and 
i;  iliia.  Easily  known  by  the  presence  of  but  2  anal  spines,  (rliumhviis, 
rlKiiiibie.) 

(„/(i.t  rliombeus,  CuviKK  &  Valkniiennes,  llint.  Nat.  PoiHs.,  vi,  459,  18:10,  Martinique; 
San  Domingo;  OCntheb,  Cat.  FislicM,  i,  ^41,  ami  iv,  253 ;  Kveh.mann  &  Mkek,  /.  c,  2(i6, 


Subgenus  DIAPTERUS,*  Kanzuiii. 

1751.  (JEUBES  AUUEOLl'8,  Jorilau  &  Gilbert. 

Head  3;  depth  2i;  eye  3H»  head.  1).  IX,  10;  A.  111,8;  scalesIJS.  IJody 
oviito,  much  compressed,  the  back  elevated,  the  outlines  nearly  regular; 
outline  along  base  of  annl  very  oblique;  caudal  peduncle  very  short  and 
(luc]!,  tapering  regularly  to  base  of  tail;  snout  rather  pointed,  projecting, 
the  interorbital  area  strongly  depressed;  maxillary  long,  reaching  to  a 
point  midway  between  front  and  middle  of  pupil,  the  exjiosed  portion 
iiMirowly  oblong,  its  width  a)»ont  J  its  length;  teeth  sleiuler,  in  narrow 
liaiiils;  groove  on  top  of  head  for  prenuixillaiies  sealeless,  triangular, 
nuiiiiiig  a  point  opposite  middle  of  eye,  its  width  in  front  jj  its  length. 
Kyc  very  large,  its  diameter  greater  than  snout  or  than  interorbital 
width.  Preopcrcle  with  angle  produced,  the  margin  sharply  and  finely 
HniTiited.  (iill  rakers  very  short,  not  jc  diameter  of  pupil.  Scales  moder- 
ate, in  about  I  rows  on  the  cheek;  lateral  line  running  high,  but  little 
anhedmueh  above  axis  of  body,  even  on  caudal  peduncle.  Dorsal  spines 
slender,  but  little  llexible,  the  second  scarcely  stronger  than  the  others, 
alxiut  as  long  as  the  third,  |  as  long  as  head;  dorsal  tins  separate, 
uotihed  to  the  base,  the  upper  outline  of  spinous  portion  very  oblii|ue; 
camlal  deeply  forked;  anal  low,  the  second  spine  a  little  longer  and 
noticeably  stronger  than  the  third,  2?  in  head;  soft  rays  posteriorly  not 
risiiiu  above  their  basal  sheath  of  scales;  ventrals  reaching  well  past  vent, 
their  length  more  than  i  head;  pectorals  long,  as  long  as  head,  reaching 
Hliglitly  beyond  origin  of  anal.  Color  in  life,  light  olivaceous  above, 
silvery  below;  sides  with  distinct  tinge  of  pale  yellow;  fins  all  yellowish; 
vertical  lins  margined  with  black,  the  spinous  dorsal  with  a  ,jet-l)lack 
blotch  on  tip  of  membrane  of  anterior  spines;  membrane  of  each  8i)ine 
and  ray  of  the  dorsal  with  a  distinct  jet-black  si)ot  at  its  base;  ventrals 
yellow  on  terminal  portion  of  outer  rays  only,  the  very  tip  of  these  Avhite; 
tlj)  of  snout  dark;  opercular  membrane  yellowish  above;  lips  with  soiut* 

*  Diapterun  is  tlins  defined  by  Ranzani : 

'Caput  breve  Irons  basi  eoncnva,  rostrum  attonnatuni.  Deiitesinaxillnrcs  niinutissinii, 
.■it<nio  ctmfertissinii;  Mendirana  brancbiostoKia  sejitein  radiis  fulcita.  ( 'orpus  valde  com- 
|ircssiini  ut  elovatuni.    Secunda  pinna  dorsalis,  nee  analis  in  piunulas  divisa. 

lliijus  generis  una  tantum  species  adluic  nubi  iunotuit,  <iuaiu uppulavi  Diaptcrum  aura- 
turn,  ujusriue  imaginem  verbis  nunc  expriniere  conabor." 


■r 


I    I 


y-'.  V 

'  1^  ':■ 


137(»         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museuui. 


!■•     J 


I 


I- 


y«ll«w.     Piiiiiiinu;  only  tlio  origiiwil  ty|»«',  '\\  inclitm  loii^,  known.     («»/»•<  ,. 
\ut,  gilded.) 

(lerren  aureolxm,  .Tokdan  &.  riii.iiKHT,  IJull.  I,  I'.S.  KIhIi  (!oiiiiii.  18H1  (188:;),  II'JH,  Panama 
(Coll.  C.U.Uilliorl);  KvicHMANN  iV  MiiK,  ;.<•., 'J(l«. 

1752.  (JKitKKS  PKItrVIANUS,  (.'uvier  \'  Valuuciouucs. 

(McUAKItA   I)K   I.AS  Al.KTAH  AMAKIU.AS.) 

Head  H;  dopth  U/, .  1).  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  H;  «y«)  ;{  in  lioad,  8nout  Hlij{htly 
shitrtiir;  ]»ect()iiile(iuiilin;;h«Md;  vt'ntrals  1  j  ;  Hocoiid dorsal Hpinel/,, ;  sccoiid 
anal  spiiu^  XL  Uody  rlioinhoidal,  short  and  «leep,  witli  anynlar  oiitliins, 
the  do]tth  usually  alutnt  halt' lon^tli ;  ]>n'opcrclo  lincdy  serrate;  ed;;(;  of 
preorbital  entire;  s]iines  long  and  slender;  second  dorsal  spine,  ulwn 
depressotl,  reaching  to  tln^  base  of  the  third  or  fourth  dorsal  ray ;  posterior 
ontliue  of  spiuons  dorsal  deeply  concave;  ])ectoral  long  and  falcate,  rracli- 
ing  past  front  of  anal;  second  and  third  anal  spines  about  efpial  in  len;;ili, 
longer  than  the  soft  rays,  and  when  de}U'es8ed,  reaching  past  tip  of  l;iNt 
ray;  ventral  sjane  reaching  vent,  the  rays  reaching  midway  between  vi nt 
and  anal  spines,  rreniaxillary  groove  broad,  triangnlar  or  oval,  and  liie 
from  scales.  Colorsilvery,  witliout  dark  streaks  or  bars;  fins  pale;  caudal 
andanal  yellow.  Tacitic  coastoftroi»ical  America;  very  connnon  ;  known 
from  Ma/atlan,  Salina  Crnz,  Chiapas,  Panama,  I'ayta,  and  («uayai|iii|. 
Length  5  to  8  inches. 

<lene*  penivianus,  Cuviku  A  Valkntiknnes,    lliHt.   Nat..  I'niss.,  vi,   407,  ISIio,  Payta, 

Northern  Peru;  ICveuman.n  \  Mkek, /.  c,  JOfi. 
(lerren  bri-riruHtrit,"  Sauvagk,  Bull.  Soi-.  Pliiloni.  Paris,  in,  187it,  208.  Rio  Guayas,  Equadur 

(Coll.  Andre.) 

175;{.  OKRRKN  0LISTII08TUMUK,t  (iooilo  \  ]5ean. 
(luisn  I'oMi'ANo;  MiTTo.v  Fisn.) 

Heads;  depth  2.  I).  L\,  10;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales r>-:37-9.  l?ody rhomboid,  .short 
and  deep,  the  back  elevated,  the  anterioi'  profile  short  and  very  steej) ;  niontii 
rather  large;  teeth  slender,  Itrush-like;  ])rot)rbital  entire;  ]»reoperclo  and 
interopercle  serrate;;  groove  on  top  of  head,  for  reception  of  premaxilia- 
ries  broad,  rounded  behind,  with  a  median  linear  depression,  its  surtiKe 


*  Oerret  hrevirottrls  i.s  thus  doscribcd: 

"1).  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  8;  L.  Lit.  40;  J,,  trans.  {•,.  Hnutenr  dti  cnrp.s  rontcnno  doux  inis 
dans  la  longuoiUM'audalo  non  coniitrisc;  lonjiuiMirdflatctntniislbis  et  dcnii  dans  la  iiiinif 
dinii^nsion.  Lignc,  rostro-dcirsale  trt'.s-iiKdincc,  conirnu  dan.s  la  (li'ircs  jduiiiu'ri.  Mii^rim 
olttiiH,  i)ln8  court  que  I'o'il,  dont  lo  diaiuctrt^  est  (•oini)ri,s  troi.s  foi.s  dans  la  lonjjui'ur  dila 
tcto;  esjiace  intc.rorbitairo  nioins  larjjoiiutsl'o'il.  I'roi'cs.sus  dul'int('i'niaxillairedr'))i>ii]vii 
d'ccailles  ct  so  i)rol()nKcant  jircsciue  |iis(|ii'au  niveau  du  hord  postcriciir  dc  Iddl.  Diuxi- 
enioot  troisicnic  ('!])in('s  dorsalcs  ilc  nienui  liautcur,  aussi  liauti's(|uo  la  distance  (|ui.--(|i;iri' 
roxtrcmitc  du  niuseau  du  liord  du  iircditerculc,  ayant  la  nioitie  de  la  hauteur  du  cm  ps. 
Deuxienio  ct  troisienu-  eijiiu^s  anales  ]in'S(juodcnii''nu!  hauteur,  iilus  court  us  que  lascrdinli. 
<!I>ino  dnrsale.  Caudah^  ioi'tenient  e(  liancn'M-.  I'oi'toralcs  arrivant  presquo  a  I'iinali'. 
(Adoration  luiltbrnu'.  Voisincdu  ilenetirhoiiibeiiii,  cetteespecu  s'cn  distin;;uo  jtar  lo  pniiil 
rostro-dor.sal  enc.ont  plus  inidinc  et  par  la  position  do  r<eil,  entaniaut  cetto  lij^ue  rostiiili'. 
liio  (iiiayas  (Equatour):  Andre.''     (Sauvatre.) 

t  VeryCloiie  to  (lerrcs  oliitlioslom  im  is  the  sjiecies  described  from  liraxil  under  the  ii:ini(i 
of  DiapteniK  aiirntiin.  Kan/.ani's  tigun^  shows  a  louKPoi'itcd  snout.  lon;;cr  than  i-yf. 
back  elevated  ;  head  3J;  depth  2;  eye  in  head  Hi! ;  seciuid  dorsal  spine  1.', ;  second  anal  >|iirii' 
2.^.  shorter  than  third;  i»ectoral  reaching  second  anal  spine,  sligiitly  longer  than  \u-,n\: 
caudal  slightly  abortcr  thau  Lead;  scales  41.    D.  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  8. 


Jordan  aud  Ever  maun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1377 


.»» 


I  Mnii)I<toly  ('ovorcd  with  siiiiill  decidtioMs  HcaleH  which  extend  forward  to 
inst  IxOiiiid  nostrilH.  Ky*)  iiiodcriitt^  (iill  raktMH  Hiuall,  about  14  on  lowor 
pill  <>r  iii'li-  I><»r8iil  HpiurH  liij{h  und  Mtroiif?,  the  aet-ond  iiwirly  or  ((iiite 
•1,  liiiin  iiH  hoad  ;  Hi^cond  iiiiul  Hjiiiio  very  strong,  .}  or  more  length  of  lu-ad; 
il  i;il  Hiiiiii'  Hlightly  loiig«'r  thiin  Hecondund  very  slender;  rjiiidal  loboH  long 
1111(1  slrniler,  u  littio  longer  than  head;  ]»e(toral  long,  nearly  as  long  as 
li  r.id  rt'Utiiiug  front  of  anal.  Color  silvery  olivaceons;  scales  with  faint 
hil\  I'lv  strtiaks,  hut  no  dark  ones;  lins  mostly  pale  or  yellowish,  the  V(M1- 
tiMl^sonicwliatdnsky.  Length  12  inches.  West  Indies,  north  to  Bontheru 
I'ldiidM,  south  to  Brazil ;  rather  connnon;  much  resembling  fr<rrc0r/i(>m/<e((M, 
witli  which  it  has  been  confounded,  but  that  8)t«'cies  has  always  2  anal 
siiiiH's  aud  the  jtrcmaxillary  groove  entirely  naked.  {oXi6ho%,  slipperiness ; 
ori<//(t,  mouth,  from  the  protractile  Jaws.) 

(,,,,.<  (ilitthostoiiia,  (lOODK  it  Ueak,  Proc.  V.  .S.  Nat.  Mas.  1882,  423,  Indian  River, 
Florida  (Typn,  No.  2.')118.  Coll.  U.  K.  Kuril):  Kvkiimann  \  Mei;k,  I.  c,  207;  KvKU- 
MANN  'V  ISean,  rislics  of  Indinn  UivtT,  In  Scimtc  Doc.  40,  54lli  Coiijircss,  2<1  mchmIou, 

:■:;,  l.-i!)7. 

Subgenus  GERRES. 

1751.  <JKItia:s  ItltKVIMAM  S,  (iiintlirr. 

Il,.;ui;i|;  dei»th2Ji;  eye  :{;\  in  head.  D.  l.\,  10;  A.III,S.  Scales  fi-TO-ll. 
|',a,  k  iiiiich  lower  than  in  (I.  lincatus,  and  the  pectoral  lins  very  unudi 
slioiiir,  their  length  Ij  in  head;  caudal  3  in  body;  frontal  groove  broad 
imd  naked;  jueorbital  very  little  serrate,  almost  entire;  ]neopeicle  weakly 
scrrale;  second  dor.sal  spine  1;=  in  head;  second  anal  sjdne  lij;  teeth  small 
and  siiort.  (loloratiou  of  (}.  liiientitH,  the  <lark  streaks  fainter;  no  black 
on  liasc  of  i)ectnral,  or  on  lower  lins;  spinous  dorsal  dusky  above,  ((iiin- 
tlui.)  Tacitic  coast  of  Mexico;  only  the  original  type  from  Chiapas 
kiitiwu.     (bct'cjs,  short;  m a n ii s,  h;mi\.) 

(;,iic,s  Inn-imaniit,  GlN'IUEH,  I'l'ic.  Zool.  Soc.  Loudon  1804,  152,  Chiapas;  KvkRMA.nn  & 

Mkkk, /.(.'.,  270. 

1765.  OKRUKS  LINKATUS  (lliiniboldt). 

(MO.IABRA  rUINA.) 

Head  ;?|;  depth  2h  1^- 1"^.  10;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  5-31-10;  eye  '^  in  head; 
snout  :!|  ;  pectoral  f',,  longer  than  head;  ventrals  1^;  secoiul  dorsal  spine 
Ij;  Hocond  anal  spine  l.U  Preorbital  liuely  .serrated;  snout  scarcely  as 
long  as  the  eye;  groove  for  the  premaxillary  processes  very  broad,  scale- 
less,  (fxtending  backward  to  the  vertical  from  the  center  of  the  eye;  oper- 
cl(!  with  ;{  or  1  rows  of  large  scales,  few  or  no  small  scales  along  its  anterior 
t(lj,'c;  d(iis:il  tin  notched,  the  last  spine  being  not  much  longer  than  the 
eye;  dorsal  spines  strong,  the  second  as  long  as  the  head  without  snout, 
third  spine  usually  a  little  longer  than  the  second  of  the  dorsal  fin;  .second 
.ind  tliird  anal  spines  about  e<iual  in  length,  longer  than  the  soft  rays  and 
readiing  to  the  end  of  last  ray  when  depressed;  the  pectoral  extending  to 
tlio  vertical  from  the  first  anal  spine;  caudal  deeply  forked,  with  the  lobes 
('(inal  ill  length  to  each  other  and  to  the  pectoral.    A  blackish  streak  along 


: .  n 


II;  *i 


m . 


mm 


,,T! 

hi-  r 


1-; 
I,;  •■ 


I  ! 


1:1 


1378  liullelin  ^7,  United  Staits  National  Museum. 

ouch  HerioH  of  HcaloH;  tli<-  liiiidor  hmIo  of  tlio  axil,  and  HoniotiiiieM  the  int«. 
rior,  lihiokiHh;  viMitrals  iiioru  or  lesH  dimky.  l.tMi^tli  K  to  12  iiiclittN, 
{lineatiiii,  Htrvake*!. )  Wimt  ('osiHt  of  Mexico;  a  food-DHh  of  hoiuu  iiiijior. 
taiice;  K<^nerally  coiniiiuu;  known  from  Ma/atlan,  Acapulcu,  Han  WIm, 
inol  (JhiapuH. 

Sniarit  limahit,  IIi'MMOI.dt,  Olmttrv.  /on).,  ii,    luri,  )>!.  W,  IHU7-Ih:U,  Acapulco.      '  .11 

Aliix.  vdii  HiMiiliolilt.) 
(Ifirftdxillarii,  (iIntiiku,  I'ror.  /ool.  Stx;.  liOiiilon  IH(U,  lO'J,  Chiapas. 
(leireMtiinatin,  Evkumann  A  Mkkk,  I.  c,  '.'«H». 

ITMl.  UV.UHV.S  ItUASILIANI.S,  Ciivinr  \  VulciioiiuiuoH. 

(I'ATAO.) 

Head  ;{?;  depth  21;  cy(^  sniall,  :Vi  in  head;  HnoiitS^.  1),  IX,  10;  A.  111,7 
or  H;  Hcalcs  r>-;W-ll.  Hody  conipreHscd,  rhoiuhoidal,  hack  very  iniiiji 
elevated;  ])rotile  nearly  Ntrai^rht  from  H))inonH  dorsal  to  premaxilhuv 
f^roovo,  where  there  in  a  Hli;;lit  depresHion ;  Hnoiit  conieal,  hlntitiHh;  less 
acnte  than  in  <l.  lincatits;  month  rather  lar^o;  maxillary  reaching  sli<;lii|y 
beyond  the  vertical  from  anterior  mar<rin  of  pupil,  itH  length  2'  in 
length  of  hea<l;  exitosod  jmrtion  of  maxillary  oMon<r,  its  width  1"  in 
its  length,  its  length  U  in  length  of  head;  jtreorhital  and  preopiK  Ic 
serrate;  ^nemaxillary  groove  broad,  narrowed  posleriorl.v,  entirely  luf 
from  scalcH;  operdo  with  4  or  r>  rows  of  scales  beNides  nnnierous  smdiII 
ones  at  its  anterior  edge;  jjill  i  rs  short  and  weak,  11  below  the  aii^^lc; 
dorsal  spines  rather  strong  and  still',  second  and  third  snltecpial  in  Icimtli, 
the  second  inneh  the  stronger,  at  least  not  longer  than  third,  its  lengtii  1 
in  length  of  head;  npper  margin  of  dorsal  fin  falcate;  second  and  lliinl 
anal  spines  snbeiinal,  the  second  nuich  the  stronger,  its  length  Ij  in  lcii'.;tii 
of  head;  lea^t  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2'  iu  length  of  head;  ])ect(iriil 
as  long  as  head,  not  nearly  reaching  front  of  anal,  II  to  'Ak  in  body,  (dliir 
silvery  gray,  with  blnish  retlections,  darker  above,  a  dark  streak  iiloiii; 
each  row  of  scales,  most  cctnspicnons  on  npper  part  of  body;  tins  all  diiskv 
except  pectorals,  which  are  pale;  dorsal  and  anal  blackish  on  llnir 
margins;  a  dark  supraorbital  spot;  axil  dusky;  ventrals  more  or  less 
dusky.  Length  a  foot.  Cuba  to  Mahia,  generally  common  ;  here  desn  ilnil 
from  a  specimen  from  Havana.  The  species  is  extremely  close  lo  (1. 
liueatiis  and  is  doubtfully  distinct.  On  comparison  of  specimens  wc  note 
no  difference  except  those  mentioned  iu  the  analysis  of  species,  and  tlicse 
are  probably  not  constant. 

(leireii  hianilianuii,     CuviEU  &  VALENriEXNES,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oImh.,   vi,  4r.8,  1830,  Brazil; 
Porto  Rico;  Kveumann  \-  Mekk,  I.  <;.,  26s  ;  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  iHim, ;;.'!. 
(ierres patao,  Poey,  Moiiiorias,  ir,  U'JO,  1808,  Havana. 


\^\- 


*  A  specimen  from  IJrazil,  typical  of  (lerres  braiiilidniii.  sIiowa  llic  followinsr  cliarin  tiTs 
Eye  iJi  in  head;  senunil  dorsal  si>inc  iiboiit  1b  in  iiead.  Ventral  not  lilack,  Init  dusty 
Hliaded ;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  also  jxippcred  witli  dark  points ;  pe<',toral  a  littli  nKiro 
tlian  head,  not  (piite  to  vent,  :i  iu  body;  second  .inal  \\  in  liead.  eiiiials  'i  in  len^'ih  Imt 
shorter,  i'i,  in  body;  second  anal  spine  a  llttio  lon^ior  and  ventral  paler  than  iu  (Jubau 
speuimuus  (patao,) 


\  . 


Jordan  aud  F.vermavyi. — Fisfus  of  North  America.     1370 


1757.  (IKKK^IS  llMliltVX,  .Innlaii  .v  SUrU,  new  <^\m^m. 

II.. kI  :<;  (Ifpth'-'l.  I).  I\,  10;  A.  111,8;  HciiloNr>-:)5-l();  Niioiit:{j\  iuhi'iul; 
mil  llir.v  -  < ;  «\vo  I;  mMond  (Im-Hal  spiuo  I.\;  hoioihI  liiiiil  M|»in«  li|;  por- 
tdiii  !  l()i>K("'  tlinu  hoad ;  vnitnilH  U;  caiulul  lolxt  1/;.  ittxly  cuiiipn'HHrd 
ami  :.ii;;iilur,  tin-  ImcU  t)l«»vaf<'<l ;  prulilr  nli^^litly  romuvi-  ovrr  »\vo,  ttifiiro 
striiii^'ly  roiivox  to  tloiHiil;  Hiioiit  poiiilMil ;  moiitli  iiioilfiiili',  th<^  iniixilliiry 
ri<i(<  l>  ii){  slightly  ]>iiHt  uiittM'ior  iinirKin  of  pupil,  wiiltli  of  itH  t^xptmt'tl  poi- 
Ijiiii..'  in  itH  l«Mi);th;  Jaws  tilMiiit  ci|iitil;  \vv{\\  in  tlic  iipprr  Jiiw  iniiiiitu, 
vui'\  .IriuUtr,  iiikI  nioviililc;  tut'th  in  lowci- Juw  oliH«)Uttt>;  pn'orliital  an<l 
|iri'i>|.iTci(tHt'rnit«>;  ^iil  rtikcrHHliort,  iilioiit  l-\-\\\  pliiiryii);tnilH  witli  Hliort 
hliiiii.  jK^lthle-Uku  t<M-th  on  Mio  uii<lili««,  and  Hniall  Hharp  coniral  t«>vtli  on 
till-  (iiiItT  cd^i*.  CliiMdiH  with  \  or  5  rowH  of  Hcales;  siiont  from  aliont 
iiii(lill<'  ot  uyo,  |ir«forl)itai  titi^,  Huborliital,  maxillary,  and  lowiMJaw  Hcalr- 
|i..s;  liasal  Hlioath  uf  dornal  compoMod  of  1  row  of  Hcah-H;  latoral  linu  rnn- 
niiij:  liif^li.  DoiHal  H])in«t.s  lii^li,  tlio  Hccond,  which  is  much  tho  H(ron;.:»iMt 
iiikI  li>ni;<>Ht,  when  <lo])rt'SNu<l,  rt'achini;  to  thu  ItaHr  of  tho  last;  hin^rcHt 
(liirsiil  ray  abont  \  Hucond  Hpintt;  third  anal  Hpino  tint  longest  hut  not 
siMtiiMi^  aH  Hucond,  its  tip  ruachin;;  well  past  end  of  lant  ray,  whun  fin  ih 
(it'pit'MM'd ;  pet'toral  very  lon^  and  falcate,  rt'achin);  t(»  tho  vcitical  from 
the  lioiit  of  anal,  ,',  longer  than  bead,  L'^  in  hody;  vuntraU  r»a<'hin^  pant 
vent,  lull  not  to  anal;  caudal  deeply  forked.  Color  in  npirits,  Hilvery, 
ilai'Ki  I'  ahove;  Hides  with  about  11  longitudinal  dark  slreaks  following  the 
ii(w>  of  scales,  I  lollowing  the  lateral  lims,  those  above  parallel  to  it,  those 
lielow  niore  longitudinal;  tip  of  snout  black  above;  dorsal,  caudal,  and 
vi'iitials.  dusky;  other  fins  ctdorlcss;  axil  dusky.  liength  about  a  foot. 
('((list  111  .South  Carolimi,  in  rather  deep  water,  in  company  with  Calamiix 
kiictislniii,  Cinlropristis  philaditphicun,  Lur'nnitn  J'asviattm,  and  StilliJ'tr  lan- 
^fo/rt^'.•<.  lltne  described  fiom  a  specimen  (No.  Ull,  li.  S.  .Ir.  Univ.  Mus.) 
12  inches  long,  taken  at  Charleston,  by  Mr.  Charles  C.  Leslie,  (f'y,  in; 
lipr:,  the  ocean  depths.) 

17uH.  (IGltltllS  FLrMIKKI,  Ciivicr  A  VuloiiciciinuH. 

(MCIARRA.) 

Head  3;  depth  2,',;  eye  rather  large,  3  in  head;  snout  4  in  head;  scales 
VliT-ll.  1).  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  H.  Hody  compressed,  rhoiuboidal  in  form, 
buck  \cry  much  elevated.  Mouth  rather  large,  maxillary  extending 
sli;;htly  beyond  vertical  from  anterior  margin  of  impil,  its  length  2f!  in 
hriul;  exposed  portion  of  maxillary  oblong,  its  width  21  in  length,  which 
isljiii  length  of  head;  preorbital  and  preopercle  serrjite;  premaxillary 
uroovo  liroiid  and  entirely  free  from  scales;  gill  rakers  small,  weak,  i;^ 
ImIow  the  angle;  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  dorsal  fin  equal  to  the 
j,'rt'altHt  depth  of  (Ish ;  upper  margin  of  dorsal  tin  nuich  concave;  second 
(loisal  M])ine  very  strong  and  long,  its  length  eciualing  length  (»f  head; 
second  anal  spine  stronger  and  slightly  shorter  than  the  second  dorsal 
spine,  its  tip  reaching  to  the  vertical  from  base  of  caudal  rays;  third  spine 
shorter  and  much  weaker  than  second;  pectoral  fins  reaching  beyond 
the  t'ruut  of  aual,  their  length  2:i  in  length  of  body ;  ventral  tins  reaching 


1380  JJit/tt'tin  /7,  UniU'd  Stahs  Niitiomil  Museum. 


■M 

\\"i 


past  vent,  ulinoNt  to  front  of  aniil,  tlioir  lonutli  H^  in  lon^th  of  hoily. 
Color  liliiish-Nilvory  iiltovfl,  Hilvory  Inflow;  vnry  «liHtin(^t  «liii'k  lonKitiiiliii:i| 
lint'H  alou^  »arli  row  of  hc'iiIah;  ilorHiil,  caiiilal,  and  anal  linH  «lnHl>y; 
niarKia  of  tlornal  I'm  lilark;  a  dark  Hupraorliital  H|K>t;  poctoral  an<l  vontial 
linn  palo.  Lni^tli  10  inrtuiH.  Atlantic  roaHt  of  tropiral  Anntrica,  iiml 
WoHt  ludicH;  ratlirr  coinnion;  north  to  tiaHtorn  Florida;  known  from 
Havana;  i'ortoUioo;  >San  Domingo;  .lanniica;  M'lrtiniijnf;  Indian  Hivcr, 
Florida;  I'urnainlmco;  Italiia;  AHpinwall ;  and(iMatt>inala.  lluroditHrrilii'd 
from  a  Npn-inKMi  from  Havana.  (Namt'd  for  CharluH  I'liimiur,  >vho  oaijy 
mado  palntin^H  of  the  liHlnH  of  Martlniipiu.) 

Orrrt*  jilumifri,  CiviKii  iV  Vai.knciknnkm,  HIhI.  Nut.  rolMn.,  vi,  4S2,  IHSO,  Antlllei; 
Porto  Rico;  (ilNTiiKK,  i'nt.  I'IhIich,  I,  U40,  iinil  IV,  25U ;  JuUUAN  Si.  (ilLUBUr.  SviiuimiH, 
&8:ii  EVKU.MANN  ^^  MtKK,  (.  C,  27U. 

1750.  (JKItUKS  MKXH'AMJN,  .Sti^lmliichnor. 

Head  4;  depth  2^ ;  HeaIo8  (B-43  to  45'-12).  CloHely  allied  to  (I.  plu- 
micri,  the  body  lou^rr,  the  Bcalea  Hoialler,  the  wocond  anal  Hpino  Hhorter,  i 
Iciij^th  of  He(u)n«I  dorMuI  Hpine  and  1^  in  head;  Heeond  dorHal  Hpiue  nearly 
aH  Ion);  aH  head  (nineh  *  ntronger  than  third  Init  not  ninch  hi^ln-r,  .'t  in 
liody);  ]>e('toral  Hhort,  aH  lon^  aH  hea<l,  !ti{  in  hody,  not  reaching  anal  t  W 
Hcales*  ill  aHeries  from  fourth  dorital  Hpine  to  lateral  line,  (iHeries  hetwt  in 
fli'Ht  dor.'ial  H]iine  and  lateral  liiif);  preorhital  ami  ])reoperele  Beirntt'. 
Color  much  as  ill  <1.  pliimieri,  hut  paler.  Kio  'I'eapa,  Mexico.  1  B|KH-iiiiiMi 
known  (Stoindachner);  not  Heeii  ity  iih;  apparently  diHtin^iiiHhed  by  tin 
Hiiiall  HcaleH. 

(lerreH  mexicanuH,  Ktbindaciiner,  Uolier  oino  nunc  (Jerrett-Art,  una  Mi'xicu,  Vt'rli.  K.  K 
(ieo.  Wiuu,  .Kill,  1803,  aSU,  Kio  Teapa,  Mexico. 


Family  CLIV.  KVPHOSID^K. 

(TllK   Ht'DDKK   FiSIIKS.) 

HerbivoroiiH  fisheB,  with  incisor  teeth  only  in  the  front  of  the  jaws. 
ISody  oblong  or  elevated,  with  moderate  or  Hiiiall  HcaloH,  ctenoid  or  not. 
Mouth  moderate,  with  incisor-like  teeth  in  the  front  of  each  Jaw;  iin 
iiicdarH;  teeth  on  vomer  and  palatines  prcHcnt  or  abHeiit;  premaxill:ii'it..s 
moderately  protractile;  preorbital  rather  narrow,  Hheathing  the  maxillary. 
(iill  rakei'H  moderate;  psoudobrancliia>  well  develojied;  opercleH  enliic. 
Gills  4,  a  slit  bidiind  tholburth;  ^ill  iiieiiibraneH  separate,  free  frum  tin 
isthmus;  dorsal  fin  continuous  or  divided,  with  10  to  15  rather  stron<j;Hpnii'H, 
the  soft  dorsal  naked  or  scaly;  anal  with  3  spines;  ventrals  thoracic,  tin 
rays  I,  5,  an  accessory  scale  at  base;  caudal  lunate  or  forked;  pector.il  liii 
with  all  its  rays  branched.  Intestinal  canal  (doiigale,  with  few  or  many 
pyloric  cicca.  Air  bladder  usually  with  2  ])08terior  horns.  Vert«tbra'  in 
ordinary  or  slightly  increased  niiiuber,  24  to  28.  I'ost-tcmporal  of  nonniil 
percoid  form,  the  stout  forks  not  adnate  to  the  cranium.     Herbivomns 

*  Tlirao  charartern  in  iiareiithesi-H,  not  in  I  Ik;  oi'if^iual  iluticriiitiuii,  uru  (;ivoii  in  a  Irinr 
from  Dr.  Steindauliniir,  dute  August  It,  1K!>.'>. 


fofdrtti  tind  fivi'rwatiH.  -  Fixfns  of  Korlh  .  inu'n'nt.     1381 


!l 


^l„,it>  iImIu'h,  ffiMliiiK  liUKoIy  on  nn-on  or  «»Ilvo  iiltfn';  oliiolly  ol*  tlm  Madi- 
t,'i  iiiM'iiu  StMk  aiitl  tliii  I'lii-ili)'  ni'tMtii ;  luoHt  of  tlicm  viiluoil  im  I'mHl.  (i«ii- 
III  jii.  M|»«<irH  ultoiit  70.  (Sparidir,  num\,>\  i'aiilhiii-itia  and  I'iiiuliplfrina, 
,.Mhtlu»r,  Cat.  I'iHhoH,  i,  n:M3'J;  .lU7-l!tl>,  1M5!».) 

iMi'M.I.IN.K: 

,1    xilt  imi't  III' <U>i''<i)l  »>><l  <>»<d  III"*  iiukctl  or  jiartly  Hnilnl;  liriul  inoii- or  Iciim  nnkwl  j 
li'iitli  III  bniiiil  IiiiiiiIh,  III!  Irrcly  niiivitlilc,  inuiit  on  voiiioi' ;  it.vloiicriri'ii  very  iiiniiDr- 
ouit;  vcrti'lini'  In  houh'wIiuI  iiirri'iiMtMl  niniilM'r      I'licillt;  Ocean, 
h.  InrlHoi'M  all  trlcUNpiil. 

r.  IturHiil  HpiniH  It  or   l.'i;  nirlijiiw  willi  ii  HcrirK  of  llai,  iimviililr,  IriroMpiil 
Ini'lHofH,  lit'liinil  wlili'h  Is  II  liniml  lianil  of  HJinilar  Hiiiallrr  oiii'h:  ilorHiil 

L'UntinilOIIH.  ilH  Hpilll'H  low.  (illilsM.A,  !))i;i. 

i-i*.  DorHiil  HplncH  I'Jor  ri;  "In  IioIIi.juwm  HrriiH  of  Hal,  IrlcuHpiil  trrlli,  lirliliul 
wliicli  Ih  a  liiiiiil  of  Hliiiilai'  In'tli,  Ixnh  lUui'lnpiil  uml  nplarliiK  llio 
I'ornivr;"  Hofl  dorial  and  iinal  i<U<viitiiil.  UovuixouuN,  .'>04. 

Km  II"S1M.K: 

,(((    Scifl  parlM  of  vfrlii'iil  llim  cloNrly  Hcal.v :   tei>lli  iiioro  or  Iihh  IKcd,  iiHiiallv  prcHfiit 
till  voimr;  p,vloi'ir  ca'tii  iiuiiirroiiH. 
i/.    To])  of  liciiil  iiH  I  ir  liack  iih  pimtcrior  margin  of  (\m<m,  nakbd;  inciitor  tcitli  nar- 
rou,ri|uai,  niiin<l*')l;  HpiiioiiH  lioiMal  iiiiicli  liiiiKrr  tliitn  Hofi  iloi'ial;  Hoft 
anal  iuKlu'r  anil  HJiortiT  than  hoI'I  ilorHai.  IIkkmh.sii.i.a,  505. 

</(/.  Top  of  liuail  ax  wi'll  as  hIiIi'h  iitnl  JawH  cioHiily  Hialfil;  liroad  liatiilH  of  ttu'tli 
litdiind  the  liu'lsorH;  villiforin  Irtlli  on  vomer,  palatini'^  and  ton^jue;  dor- 
Hal  Hpiiii  s  low  :  liiclHor  ti'et  h  laiicrojati'. 
i:  Ini'lHor  tedli  Hirong,  with   liori/.onial,  batkward  pnijuctlng  rooti*;  Hoft 
dui'Haland  anal  not  ninrli  clrvati'd. 
/.  InciHor  tui'tli  well  develupi'd,  flaeli  with  u  I'onHpieuoim  Imri/.ontal  pruc- 
088  or  root;  eaiidal  tin  moderate,  alioiil  ns  loii^  as  the  head,  the 
outer  ra.VH  not  U  linu'H  an  \imti  as  the  middle  ra,vs  ,  .liiiicliou  of  ^lll 
inomlininea  forniin;;  an  an^le.  Kvi'iinst'H,  IiiUI. 

/.  Incisor  teeth  Hmall,  with  incoiiHpiciioiiH  roots;  caudal  niiicli  longer 
thnn  lioud,  the  loheH  falcule,  the  outer  fi  tiiiie8  len);th  of  niiddli) 
rays;  ^ill  iiivmliiaueH  not  funning  an  anj^le  at  junction. 

SK(  TATOH,  507. 
re.  InoiHor  tooth  very  narrow,  without  evident  root». 

I/.  Anul  tin  short,  :i;t  in  length  of  body,  itn  ray8  III,  10;  dorsal  HplnuH 
gradually  increasing  in  height  to  the  sixth,  then  decreasing 
backward;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  nut  falcate;  ]irco]ierclu  slightly 
serrate;  teeth  narrow  l)Ut  evidently  compressed. 

Medialuna,  008. 

563.  GIRELLA,  Gray. 

liinWi.  (IHAY,  IllustrationH  of  Indian  /oology,  about  1H40  (jiunctata). 

MiliiiiicltthjiK,  'I'KMMi.NrK  iV  St'iii.EUEi.,  Kaiiiia  Japonica,  I'ois&ous,  7,'i,  1H.JU  {jinnetatiin). 

('Kiiiiirind,  Ayres,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1800,  81  (niijricans). 

|{(»(lv  oblouj^-ovate,  compressed,  covered  with  rather  large  scales. 
Mdutli  small,  with  a  srries  of  tricuspid,  movable  incisors,  hehiud  which  is 
a  l)i'i)ad  hand  of  similar  smaller  ones;  no  molar  teeth;  uo  tt'cth  on  vomer 
Of  tonjjuc ;  lower  pharyuyetil  teeth  slender.  Cheeks  with  very  snuiU  scales ; 
opercle.s  and  top  of  head  chietly  naked.  Gill  rakers  slender.  Dorsal  (in 
rutlur  low,  with  abont  14  sjiines,  on  the  bases  of  which  the  scales  extend, 
roriiiiiij^  an  imperfect  sheath ;  no  groove  at  base  of  dorsal ;  no  procumbent 
dorsal  spine;  anal  spines  small,  graduated;  caiida?  lunate.  Air  bladder 
divided  into  2  posterior  horns.    Pyloric  cieca  numerous;  intestinal  canal 


!;. 


1383         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


niongate;  peritoneum  black.  Vertebrm  ll-j-16  or  17=27  or  28.  llcr- 
Itivorous.  Pacific  Ocean.  This  •renns  contains  several  species  fdiuid 
OK  the  east  coast  of  Aula  and  one  cbaracterisiic  of  the  rockj-  shortts  dC 
California.  They  are  luTbivoroiis  liKhes,  feeding  on  seaweeds.  (Fronitlic 
French  '"(lirelle,"  which  is  a  ilerivativo  of  Julia,  and  is  applied  to  sniallur 
Jiabroids.) 

17B0.  (aitKI.LA  NKiKK'ANS  (AyriH). 


> 


i 

lull 

(I.'  1 

tlif  mil 
rcniinv 

1 

I 

:  union  fl 
slands. 

1 

( 

■jiiilini  /i 
;  licjue,  P 

1 

l>„,r, 

i  union  J'f 

l.^ii 


:.i-'!l 
,5:  '^ 


k 


.'|| 


■  J"'  i 


■lb 


m 


(dUEEN-KISII.) 

TFcad  I;  depth  2|.  D.  XIV,  U;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  rM;  vertel.r,, 
11+1<'  =  27.  Hody  oval,  compressed,  with  very  deep  candal  poduurlc; 
snout  thick,  its  ]n'olile  evenly  roundctl;  mouth  small,  subiiifcrior,  ilir 
uiaxillary  reacliiuj;  nearly  to  front  of  orbit;  a  minute  imtch  of  i>alaiiiif 
teeth;  oacb  jaw  with  a  series  of  Hat,  tricuspid,  movable  incisors,  beliiml 
wbid;  is  a  broad  band  of  smaller  ones;  no  teeth  on  vonier  or  ton;;iic; 
cheekii  with  very  small  scales;  opercles  and  top  of  head  naked;  preopcn  1(. 
minutely  ticrrul.atc  at  its  anjfle;  preorbital  .as  broad  as  eye;  gill  rakcis 
numenms,  raihcr  long;  s«  ales  firm,  weekly  ctenoid,  those  on  thorax  iind 
front  of  i>ack  smaller;  dorsal  spines  lower  than  soft  rays,  with  an  im]iLr- 
fect  sheath  of  sciiled  at  their  base;  anal  spines  small,  graduated,  the  sdl't 
lays  higher  than  those  of  the  dorsal;  caudal  lunate;  pectorals  short  .iiid 
broad,  not  reachiu}";  vent;  ventrals  shor^  air  bladder  with  2  posterior 
h.  -r.s;  intcdtinal  canal  very  long;  pyloric  ca'ca  numerous;  peritouciiin 
black.  Color  duaky  green,  paler  below;  fins  dusky  greenish  ;  young  with 
a  large  yellowish  blotch  on  the  back  on  each  side  of  dorsal.  Length  alioiit 
a  foot  Coast  «)f  southern  California  from  Monterey  to  Cape  San  hiK  as; 
abundant  in  rocky  places,  the  youug  a  common  and  active  inhabitant  of 
roi'k  pools;  a  food-fish  of  fair  »iuality.     (nigricans,  blackish.) 

Catuarinn  iiinricanx,  A  vrkw,  rroc.  Oal.  Ac.  Sci.  1861,  8],  tig.  22,  California. 

(linila  dor»o»iariila,'(ji\.i.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Tliila.  1802,  244.  Cape  San  Lucas;  young. 

(Coll.  Xniitiis.) 
(lirella  nijr  ricans,  JoUDAN  &Gilijeut,  Syiiopsi.s,  560,  1883;  Jordan  tFESLEH,  2.  c.,.')31,  l^!l;i. 

564.  DOYDIXODON,  Valenciennes. 
DojiiUxadon,  \'Ai,ENf'iE\NK.-',  Voyajje  <lo  la  Venus,  v,  318,  185."i  ifreminvillci). 

Dorsal  spines  12  or  13.  "In  each  jiiw  a  series  of  flat  tricus])id  tectli, 
behind  wiiich  is  a  baud  of  similar  teeth,  less  developed  and  replacing  tiic 
former;"  soft  dorsal  and  anal  elevated,  otherwise  •m\  in  (UrtUa,  from  wliidi 
it  is  doubtfully  separated.  Si)ecie8  all  American;  uot  well  known.  (lU'-o, 
two;  (5i'cocij,  forked;  odovs,  tooth.) 

17(il.  DOYIUXODOX  FREIIWILLEI,  Valanciennes. 

D.  II!,  15;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  about  60.  Color  uniform  dark  green,  or 
banded  with  darker.  Form,  s(iuaiiiation,  and  dentition  as  in  Girella  imiri- 
cans  (Valenciennes).  Galapagos  Islands  and  coast  of  Peru;  known  i»  ns 
I'rom  the  figure  of  Vylauciennes,  which  closely  resembles  Girella  nigriLdim, 


II I  nil'  tillii,  ,Ikn 

Tlii-^  !;eiiiis 

rai<'  ;s;  in  ha 

^^  (III   the   toilgll 

lic.'iil  not  so  CO 

the  eye,  chill, 

ami  loriiis  of  I 

soft  (inrsiil,  ii 

One  .species,  t'l 

cajiit.il  city  of 

was    talieii,  tl 

j'oniiii^iin.) 


lieail  ;>;  depi 

I'xiily  (i\iite,  en 

liarely  reachiiii, 

si'i'ios  (if  olose- 

lii'liiiiil  llicm  s'l 

not  evident  in  t 

ctcr  (iC  tlie  eve, 

iicaily  covering 

Icriiir  iii.irgiii    o 

cliiii    .111(1    preoj 

opciilcs  \\itl,  ;, 

x.iii'd  ;  ,")  lowH  ( 

('!<•;  siihoporcle 

H.ii,  (•()\cre(l  nion 

"■'nvdcd  aiiterioi 

"11  (lie   eaiKJal. 

'"iif,'est,  1!  ill  hen 

timiDiis  with  the 

'Imsal.  lliiis  ](>;,vi 

I''ii1  il  ■iM'CMsible  i 

till'  liase  (,f  the 

''"■■•^iil;  aiiiil  with 

times  diameter  o 

H  ill  liead,  not  «| 

"'■p'li  »f  caudal 


:i , 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1383 


1,1,1  tlic  number  of  dorBal  siiiiics  is  fower.     (Named  for  Cbr<<tioii  Pinilin 
,1,.  irDiuiiivillo,  an  early  Froncli  naturalist  and  explorer. ) 

/)„)/.;  iw/on  /nmitivillei,  Vai.enciknnks,   VoynKo  A'oniiH,  v,  323,   \i\.  5,  1855,  Galapagos 

Islands. 
p„,r:iiinl(iii  fasciatiim,    Kskk  \    Stkinkachnkk,    Sit/.b.    Aknd.  Wicii,   i.iv,  358,  lig.  2, 

(.,  lique,  Peru. 
l),.,ri""iloii  J'iriiiiiivillei,  JoKDAN  A  Fksi.EU,  I.e.,  5:12,  1893. 

565.  HERMOSILLA,  .1  en  kins  A.  Evcrmann. 

//,  (//r  *'7/i',  'I  KNKINS  &.  KVEUMANN,  Proc.  V.  S.  ^fut.  Mils.  1888,  144  {Kziin-ii). 

'|'lii>  mentis  i."  allied  to  Kiiphomia,  (roin  which  it  dilVers  in  the  weaker  gill 
liiki  s;  in  having  tlu)  margin  of  the  pn-operclo  entire  ;  in  having  no  teeth 
oil  tlir  tongue;  in  tlie  H(|namation,  the  scales  on  the  body  ludng  larger ; 
litMii  not  so  completely  scaled  ;  top  of  head,  snout,  preorliilals,  spiico  below 
tlic  I  VI',  diin,  and  ]>reoj)crcles,  naked.  It  also  difl'er.s  in  the  relative  sizes 
mill  Iniiius  of  the  vertical  Tins;  tlu  suinons  dorsal  is  nnuih  longer  than  the 
soil  iliinsiil,  and  the  soft  anal  is  higher  and  .shorter  than  tin;  soft  dorsal. 
One  .siiccies,  from  the  I'at'ific  Coast  of  Mexico.  (liermosilla,  name  of  the 
(■,i])it;il  city  of  Sonora,  along  the  coast  of  which  State  the  typical  species 
wiis   tiiken,  the  name  derived  from  Siianish  hrrmoso,  Iicantifnl;   Jiatin, 

I7«2.   IIKKMOKILLA  AZI'llKA,  Jenkins  >V  Evennanii. 

liciil  :5;  depth  2;  ey<^  8^  in  head.  D.  XT,  11;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  ll-.55-t 7, 
liiiily  (ivate,  compressed,  head  slnnt,  snout  3  in  head,  blunt;  maxillary 
ii;in'ly  HMching  front  margin  of  eye,  3;^  in  head.  Kaeh  jaw  with  a  single 
snics  of  close-set,  e(|iial,  n.irrow,  rounded  incisors,  the  villifonn  teeth 
liiiiiiiil  them  small  or  obsolete,  not  evident  in  the  type;  teeth  on  vomer 
mit  evident  in  the  type;  gill  rakers  slender,  the  longest  about  the  diam- 
eter of  the  eye,  3 -f  12;  jneopercle  entire;  preorbital  Sj  dijimeter  of  eye, 
ueiiily  covering  the  maxillary.  Top  of  hciid  as  far  ))ack  as  the  pos- 
leiidi  iii;irgin  of  the  eyes,  snout,  ])reorbitals,  a  narrow  8pa<e  below  eye, 
(hill  Mud  preopercles,  naked;  top  of  head  c(»vereil  with  pores;  pre- 
open  le'^  with  a  network  of  gr  )ove8;  remaining  parts  of  Inad  and  liody 
Miiidi;  .">  rowH  of  scales  on  cheek  below  eye,  abont  (I  Vows  on  the  oper- 
(■!e;  siibopercle  with  1  row;  llns,  with  the  exception  of  the  spinous  dor- 
s;ii,  ro\  (led  more  or  less  with  line  scales;  scales  moderate,  ctenoid,  not 
(lowdcd  anteriorly;  luloi.il  line  complete,  tracealde  but  a  short  distance 
(Ml  lli(  ciindai.  Dorsal  tin  wi'Ji  11  spines,  the  seventh,  which  is  the 
Idiigest,  I!  ill  head;  the  alternate  ones  very  strong,  t\w  spinous  jjart  con- 
tinuous with  the  soft  ]»ortion,  the  last  sj)ine  not  much  lower  than  the  soft 
ildisal,  thus  leaving  but  a  slight  d(?])ression  between  the  two;  the  sj)inous 
]y.w\  (1  iHCMsible  into  a  groove;  base  of  spinous  ]),irt  about  1  longer  than 
tlie  li.'isc  of  the  soft  ])ortion ;  soft  anal  siiorter  and  higlnu"  than  soft 
(Ims;!!;  ;iiial  with  3  spines,  short  but  strong,  the  second  the  longest,  1:\ 
times  diameter  of  eye;  caudal  forked,  upi)er  fork  the  longer;  pectoral 
li  in  lieiid,  not  quite  cfiualing  the  ventrala  which  begin  behind  them. 
]»('Iitii  of  caudal   peduncle  7  in   body;    interorbital  space   2J   in   head; 


1-I: 


1384  /iii/liiin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


I  I   ; 


poritnnoriiri  lilark.  f^olor  dark  uteol-bliio,  p.-ilcr  below;  body  with  iii.om 
12  i;«.'irJy  v«irt,i<;il  lilacKJBli  crosH  baiuU  about  a.s  wide  as  tho  oye;  bdnw 
oye  silvery,  wifcli  a  dark  streak  from  juaxilhiry  to  UHglo  of  operelo;  (.|ii.i. 
•  iilar  blofcli  bJa<k  ,  i  bbiok  blotcb  in  the  axil;  lius  mostly  dark.  Iwd 
larger  N)iecini<ii.s  11  and  Ki  inches  lon<;  eulle»;ted  by  the  yl(fta<nM«  a(  Sim 
Hartholome  I5ay,  liOVVfT '  'alil'oi  nia,  ditter  notably  in  form,  and  may  itos  il,|y 
helongtoa  distinct  species.  HeadHJ  ;  (lei)thL'A.  1).  XI,  11;  A.  Ill,  10;  s( -ilcs 
\S-hh-\1\  snont  3  in  head;  eye  5;  interorbital  21;  maxillary  I5.< ;  loiimst 
(b)rsals)iine2.< ;  second  anal  spino  II^ ;  longest  dorsal  ray  :{;  longest  an;il  lay 
2i\ ;  pectoril  IJ;  ventral  1;!;  eainial  lobe  \\.  IJody  obloug-ovate,  lom. 
pressed;  inad  short;  nmxillary  barely  reaching  (Vont  of  eye;  oacli.jaw  wjili 
a^  single  sori»'s  of  ocpial  ronnded  incisors  with  small  viiliform  teeth  bcliiini 
them;  viiliform  teeth  on  vomer;  gill  rakers  as  long  as  the  diametii  of 
pniiil,  abc  W  +  IL'.  Toj)  of  head  as  far  back  as  |»o".terior  nnirgin  oft  yc, 
HiKMil,  maxi.iary,  lower  jaw,  ))reorl>ital,  snborbital  ring,  and  edge  of  |)n.. 
opercle,  naked;  cheeks  with  (!  series  of  sciiles,  '!  rows  on  the  opercle;  the 
(ins  covured  with  lin<^  scales;  dorsal  with  a  well-developed  shenili  df 
scales.  HpinoHH  dorsal  the  higher;  sec<»nil  and  third  aniil  spines  aliout 
e((nal,  tin'  first  rays  the  longest,  (in  sharply  angnlated  in  front;  venduls 
]dace(l  well  behind  ]ie<'torals,  their  tips  not  reaihing  the  vent;  ciinilni 
emarginato,  the  lobes  abont  e(|nal.  Color  in  spirits,  slaty  above  wiMi  \l 
or  i;{  dark  crossbars  which  fade  out  below  ptit^toral;  a  streak  across  mux. 
illary  and  preopercle  beknv  eye,  and  one  across  snont  throngli  eye;  liiliy 
silvery,  lius  all  dusky,  ventrals  tipped  with  black,  a  black  blotch  on  asil: 
edge  of  ojiorcle  black,  a  conspicin)ns  black  blotch  above  angle.  Kiidwh 
only  from  these  2  sjxHiimens  and  the  types,  2  spt-cimens  S  and  !1  inches  hniM 
respectively,  from  the  May  of  Gmiymas.    Length  afoot.    (rtCH/<!»s,  sky-hluf. 

Ilei-mogilla  azinra,  Jenkins  \  Kvkiimann,  I'roc.  I'.  S.  Na*-.  Mas.  1688,  144,  Giuiymas 
('ryi)P,  \().  :iC209.  Coll.  .I'tikiiirt  iV  Kvciniiiiin) ;  I'^vi'.ii.mann  I'i-  Jknkins,  rrtpc  U  s, 
Nat.  Mils.  1891,  ir)0,  pi.  1,  li;j.  :i ;  .Ioickan  .V  Fiosi.EU,  /.  c,  5;i3,  IS'.t.T. 


ni: 


566.  KYPHOSUS,  La.(  jMde. 


(Vauivas.) 

Ki/plinsrig,  Lack.pkdk,  lliat.  Nat.  Poi.ss.,  ni,  114,  ISirj  {hijiibliiDi     /uncus). 

I'initirptfrus,  LaikI'I'.dk,  Hist.  ^I'at.  Piiis.s.,  iv,  4'J'.l,  18():i  {IudsiiuI.      scrliitrix). 

Dorsuariut,  LAcr.i'ftnE,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,  482,  IHOIl  (itii/rcsccus    -fusetin). 

Xjltter,  Lacki'KDK,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,484.  1S()3  (/iisrus). 

Saleima,  liowDlcll,  KxcuihIiiii  Mailtira. 'JHH.  18'J5  (aiirutn). 

>  Opltthhtiuii,  Gn.i,.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.Sci.  Pliiln.  18r>2,  245  {Uthuid). 

l?ody  elongate-ovate,  regularly  elliptical,  moilerately  compressed:  licnl 
short,  with  blunt  snout;  eye  large;  mouth  snnill,  liorizontal;  mii\ill;in 
barely  reaching  front  of  eye;  each  Jaw  with  a  single  series  of  rather  iiin 
row  obtusely  lanceolate  incisors,  impiaute«l  with  ci)m])ressed  conH|ii(iinii- 
roots  posteriorly ;  behind  theseanarrow  baud  of  villifoiui  teeth;  tim  tirtli 
on  vomer,  palatines,  and  tongue.  IJranchiostegals  7;  gill  ra'<eis  loim 
Treopercle obsolctely  serrate ;  preorbital  narrow, covering  but  lif^'cni  tin 
maxillary.  Sijuamation  very  complete,  the  space  between  and  iIk m  ihi 
eyes  being  the  only  naked  part ;  scales  smallish,  thick,  ctenoid,  (iO  tn  '<'  m 


1 

/,/,      IV,. 1 

1 

ir 

•< 

1 4 

s( 

^k 

■B 

H( 

fonii 


an  am 


/  l\.vcnna)in ,  ~  I'lshi's  of  North  .Inn  lira.      1.3S5 


tin 


Litfiiil  1ii'<\  wliicli  is  CDiitiiiiimis;  Mimilar  sciihis  t'litiroly  covcrinjf  tlif 


sdii  inn 

|!!i    low,    W 


III' 


(Hof  tilt' vorliriil  liiiH,  iiiid  <'Xlt!iitlin;^  lip  on  tlio  |»iiir('(l  I'ms.  Doisul 
illi  jiboiit  11  Hitiuos.  wliicli  iir«  (loititvssiltlc  in  a  groove  of  hcjiIcs, 
ill  (OiitiniiiMiH,  but  th(^  last  Kpincs  low,  ho  tliat  a  <l»'|in;.s.si()n  occurs 
liciwccii  tin'  f '."<•  parts  of  tin;  lin.  (lui  bases  of  tlio  spinous  ami  soft  parts 
il„,ut  ciiiial;  soft  dorsal  Vii^bcr  low  in  front,  not  falcate,  pointed  behind; 
;ii,,il  >iiiiilar  to  soft  (b)rsal,  with  15  s))ineH;  caudal  fm  niodera(el\  forked; 
lie,  loiiil   liiiH  small,  ventrals   well    lieliind    IIkmii.     Intestinal  c.-inal  loni;. 


ilir    i';e( 


a   \crv  niiinerons.     \'erleln;e   !l  or   H>   j- 1.")    or    1(1      iT).     'i'l 


lis 


II  1,  I  oiitains  some  10  Hpe.cies,  chidly  conliiicd  to  the  l':icific  ()ccaii,  ami 
r  llieni  loiiml  in  (he  Mast  Indies,  ('n'l.'io;,  a  hiini|i,  the  woi'd  nioie 
ilv  writ l»ni  r)//>/i((s,  and  referriiii;  to  a  dcfornieil  s|ieciiiicn  with  a 
buck.) 

Ill  III  .mid  M'i.\  liillglinii  liiu  ,  ils  limui'.-^l  rnys  :i.^  in  I  in  In  Mil.  iiiid   :  iii  suit  \k\v\ 


llll'M     I 
I   III   1  CI 


iiiiiin 


I  111'  llii 


I.  \|,ll;   A.  Ill    I'J:  si'iilcH  siii:iII,iiImiiiI  85  In  liitcnil  linc.th 


ijiK'k    III    IT    Mt'llcs;    Icclll    lllllllll    III!    Ill    c  .M  ll     jliu,   IIMITIIW.    Illr    jliw    slliirt.       I'ojiir 
lili^lll   Unl.V.  lllC  «i'l<'H  Mtcc)  llllIC,  Willi    li;llir  IcMLilllwlMC    slrl|HS    nl    llllljllt    Illnll/O 

|ii'|illi  liimc  llliili  ).  Iciiulli  AWMiiiis.  I7i;:;. 

A  Hill  II II  tiinilci;ili'ly  ('lc\  alcil  In   liniil   itiiil   i  ,il  licr  .slmrl,  lis  ni\  m  I  !  1 ,  1 1,  ilw  lonjrcst 

IMV  1 ';  I"  -  ill  III''  llil^<c()^  I  lie  snll  |);iil  (il    tin    lin.     1 ».  \  I,  1 1  or  IJ.       I'cclli  :;.")  In  lU 

III  ciii'li  ,|inv. 

/.     Iritli  ladni  mill  inv  mid  ■•  iiImi  iili      iii;i\  ill.iiy  .slmrt    liMiely  rc;ii  liiiii;  ci.  i  ,  ;iIiiimI 

'.\\,  in  lii'iiil. 

I-.   ScmIcs  l.icpilc  ijitc,  ,11  H,'i  Jit:   iiii.'il  i;i\  >  1  1  I.  l:i       I 'iiloiiil  ion  lirJLllil  |il iiinlii  iiii.s. 

wittl  niMiiv  liiiylil  \cllo\\  .si  icaU.-' on  ;i  |iliiiiilioi)ii>  ijiroiinil.     .M  mil  li  ;iii<l 


It'ulli  not  liiKv  (Ic-criliiil. 


Sc;ilc.><  .siniillcr,  mIioiiI    I'J-liV  I'd;   iiinil  iimmIci  ali  .  iln   lon;;c.sl    ra 


l.M  iM'i;    l/t'l. 


\    J.'    Ill   lic;ill 


mill  \.  Ipii«<>  of  .soil  |im'l  of  llii ;  lioily  ilci  |i,  ihc  iliplli  '1  in  lcii;;tli; 
Hlioiil  liliinl-  .sriilrs  on  rliiik  ill  iDHilirs.  I  olmiil  loll  dull  p.ili'  i;r,i\. 
1  lie  diirls  .-^triMlv.-*  In  oailiT  t  liMii  in  />'.  k  mil  n;  in  a.     \.  III.  11. 

i;i  idA.N.s,  I7(i.',. 

.■■■.•.   Scales   nillicr  lai-;;r,  in  .'i.'i   |fl:   ilc|illi   '.'■,   in   lcnj;lli;    lirad   :■;,     ( ■nloraiinn 

dil.slyv  ;ii'ay,  w  illi  alioiit  '_'."i  ;;ra.v  slicaUs  Collnwin'i  llic  row.s  ol',-*!  alc>, 

those  ui'ar   iniddli'  ol    lioily  liroadcst  ;  a    ,sil\  cry  .s(  I'cak    aloii;i   |mcoi 

liilal       1).  \  I,  12:   A.  III.  11.  sl.i  I  \ii;i  V     ITiili. 

'./.     I'lilli  111  o.id  and  I'ouiidcd  :  nia\ill:iiv  ratlin  Imi;:.  icacliiiiL:  opiiosiir  |in|iil.  :;}■. 

in  lic:id  ;   ^<('alcs  Slliall.  1-   '!-  -I:   dcpllior  liiidv  L",  in  length:    Iliad  :; ; :    |icc 

IoimI  r:  in  head.     I).   M.ll:   .\.  111,11.     Color  il:iik   sled  liliic.  lIu-   |ialc 

sliipcs    olisinrc;    .siinicliliics    "  aiyiii;;    to   entirely   liriulit    lemon    yellou  . 

soiueliini  i  \\illi  llie  head  .\ellm\   or  willi  yell  /\v  lilolehes. 

].i  ri:.s   I.N.s.  I7<i7. 

i;(i;{.  KVi'iiosis  n.vi.otJis  (Oiii) 

(S.VI.K.MA.I 

111  illi  I  :  deiilh  L'j.  I ).  \  1 .  1  I  ;  .\ .  1 1 1 ,  ll'  or  i:i ;  eye  I  ',  in  head;  snoiil  :!; 
iiia\illai'\  '.i};\  pecloral  I  j,  ei|iial  lo  seiitrals;  lonoest-  i  ay  of  soft  diiis;ii  .'{',; 
loiincsl  dorsal  spino  L';',  :  nj)i>er  hibe  of  cindal  as  loiiii  as  head;  scales 
I'l-Tii  :.'";  ^ill  rakers  S-|-  l(i.  liody  eomiiressed,  (dliptical;  profile  in  soino 
spci  inieiis  evenly  curved  from  I  ip  nf  snout  to  dorsal,  in  otlicis  sliolitly 
|iriiiliirci|  before  eyes  and  concave  o\cr  snout.  Month  small,  hori/ontal; 
jaws  ci|iial ;  teeth  in  a  siiio|e  series,  from  L'L'  to  L'''"'  iii  each  Jaw;  maxillny 
I'xicinliiio-  to  the  vcrticMl  from  the  front  ofexc  Snout,  lower  jaw  ,  and 
|iiL'orliil,il   iiakcil,  head  clsow  lore   with  scales:   IJ  ti/   !.">  row  s  of  scales  on 

:i(t:!o — 10 


138C  nu/liiin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


:   i 

4 


operclo;  ncales  ou  body  much  crowdcMl  anteriorly;  all  the  fins, with  iln' 
exception  of  spinous  dorsal,  cntirt^ly  scaled.  Tip  of  pectoral  Hhai|)|y 
rounded;  front  of  anal  not  greatly  elevated,  its  longest  ray  3  in  banc  i,( 
fin,  which  is  about  e(|ual  to  head;  spinous  dorsal  hi<rhcr  than  soft  dorsal; 
upper  lobe  of  caudal  the  longer.  Oolor  in  life,  steel  blue,  brighter  tlian 
in  ele(jann;  with  bronze  streaks  along  the  edges  or  rows  of  scales,  niiKib 
brighter  than  in  ele(iann;  a  broader  gray  atrcalv  bordered  with  bron/e  at 
base  of  soft  dorsal;  a  large  brassy  spot  in  the  axil,  extending  iilomr 
shoulder  girdle,  a  deep  bronze  stripe  through  eye,  another  back  Ikpih 
angle  of  nuutth,  the  two  sei»ai"ated  by  steel  blue;  (ins  all  blue  black,  w  ith 
some  bronze,  especially  on  pectoral.  Hody  luon-  elongate  than  in  ehi/aux: 
the  form  more  cllii>tical;  the  mouth  less  blunt,  with  fewer  teeth;  tlio 
scales  HuuiUer  and  more  crowded  iinteriorly;  the  tins  lower,  especially  tin- 
anal.  Largest  specimen  18  inches  long.  I'acilic  coast  of  tropical  Anicric  a, 
(Julf  of  (Jalifornia  to  Panama.  Here  described  from  Mazatlan  specimens. 
A  beautiful  species  rather  common  about  Mazatlan,  both  in  the  ostiiaiy 
and  in  deep  water  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  islands.  Its  range  iiloiiir 
the  coast  is  not  definitely  distinguished  from  that  of  l\.elet/an»,  the  iwo 
having  been  recorded  as  identical  by  authors  wlio  had  seen  but  one. 
They  were  first  ])ro])erly  distinguished  by  Evermann  A  .lenkins,  who  ob- 
tained both  at  Guaymas.  The  marked  difference  in  color,  however,  dm, s 
not  appear  in  the  descriptions  of  Evermann  A  .lenkins,  which  were  drawn 
from  specimens  ])roserved  in  alcohol.  Si»ecimen8  examined  by  us  rmm 
Guaymas,  Cape  San  Lucas,  l^orto  Escondido,  and  Mazatlan.  {auahitinx, 
analogous, — to  Kyphonun  ncclatru,  but  its  relations  are  rather  witl: 
h'yphosus  iiivisor. ) 

J'imdepterii*  an<tl(<(niii,  (Jii.i.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Xat.  Sci.  Tliilii.  1S62,  245,  Cape-  San  Lucas.    iCull, 

XaiitiiH.) 
Kiijihiinxia  anahiijiig,  Kviat.MANN  it  .Iknkins,  rroc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1891,  l.U;  Jouda.n  >v  1'k> 

LKK,  I.  c,  5:!4,  1893;  Jt)UDA\.  Proc.  Cal.  .\c.  Sci.  ISHf),  4fi5 

17«4.  KYi'llOSl  S    I.VCISOU  (Cuviir  A  A'alcndcniios). 
(ClIOI'A  Amakii.i.a.) 
Head  :•>  in  total   with  caudal;  d(j)th  3.     D.  XI,  II;   A.   Ill,   13;   s.ale-, 
lO-H.");  pores  20;   anal  a  third  higher   than  soft  dorsal;   caudal  liuiati'i 
teeth  as  in  K.  aectatrix;  preoi)ercle  scarcely  serrate;  scales  of  bac;k  iiuicli 
smaller  than  those  of  sides,  as  are  also  those  of  head,  throat,  and  belly. 
Plumbcou.s,  with  yellow  lines  marking  edges  of  the  scales;  besides  the 
yellow  streak  across  cheek  to  axil,  another  below  eye  ending  on  opm  Ic; 
yellow  streak  before  nostrils  emphasized  by  black  edgings;    tins  liluc, 
(leeptn-  on  the  soft  ])art;  base  of  pectornl  with  yellow  scales.     Cuba  ( I'ocv) 
to  Hrazil  and  the  Canary  Islands;  not  seen  by  us;  a  large  species  reach 
ing  2.J  to  3  feet  in  length,  a  larger  size  than  is  attained  by  A',  src^i/n/. 
Kvidently  tlistinct  from   A';//>/<os««  sevtatrix,  with  which  it  is  confounihil 
by  Jordan  it  Fesler,  its  relations  bei:;g  with   A',  aualogiis.     (incisor,  aw 
that  cuts;  from  th(i  teeth.) 

.'Salniiia  anrata,  Bowmen,  ExcurHion  Madeira,  238,  1825,  Bona  Vista  Island;  de.sn  iiiimn 
and  figure  very  liad.    1).  X,17;  A.  111,14;  body  with  liglit  orange  stripes. 

I'iindeiitenin  iiicinor,  Clvikk  \-  Vai.knciex.nks,  lli.st.  Nat.  I'oisH.,  vu,  266,  lK;il,  Brazil 
(Coll.  Dclahiiide.)     (Chii'tniUin  incisor.  I'aijki.vson  MS.,  about  1765.) 

I'imdcittervs jlaviilinentiit,  Poev,  I'epertorio,  :!l'.t.  1806,  Havana.     (Coll.  I'oey.) 


k  ,1,: 


Jordan  and  Evcrniaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1387 


i;«5.  KVi'ilOKIS   i:i,K(iA\S(l'vt('iH). 

(ClIOI'A.) 

II,  all  3ff ;  depth  2.  1).  XI,  12;  A.  Ill,  11 ;  scales  ll-()3-17;  oyo  I  in  head; 
Hiiout  ;H;  maxillary  31  ;  pectoral  li{,  equals  ventral;  longest  ray  of  soft 
(joisiilL'i;  longest  dorsal  spine  2A ;  longest  anal  ray  2;  niijjer  lol)o  of  (;au<lal 
(.(mimIs  liead.  (Jill rakers (5 -{-15.  Uody ovate,  compressed;  |)rotileronnded, 
sli-iiilv  jiroduced  Ix^fore  eyes,  concave  over  snout  in  some  specimens, 
stiaigiit  in  others;  a  gentle  curve  from  eyes  to  (lorsal;  mouth  small,  hori- 
zontal, the  Jaws  equal;  teeth  in  a  single  series,  ahout  ;K5  in  each  ,ja\v; 
iii;i\illary  extending  to  the  vertical  from  anterior  »ulge  of  orltit;  suout, 
lowi  I  jaw,  and  i)reorhital  naked,  head  everywlicre  else  scaled;  operdcs 
wiili  >!  or  !•  rows  of  scales;  scales  on  hody  large,  somewhat  crowded  ante- 
liorjv  ;  all  the  iins,  except  spinous  dorsal,  with  scales  to  their  edges,  those 
on  (  iiuhil  (exceedingly  snuill.  Tip  of  jtectoral  sharply  rounde<l,  not  rcadi- 
iiic  1 1,  tii>sof  ventrals;  ventral  spine  half  as  long  as  soft  rays;  anal  spines 
slioit  and  stout,  graduated;  anal  elevatc^d  in  front  and  higher  than  soft 
(loisiil:  juiihlle  spines  of  dorsal  the  K.ngest,  ahout  equal  to  highest  rays 
of  soil  dorsal;  tipper  lohe  of  caudal  the  longer.  Vertebra'  !)-f-l*>  or 
ll)-j-ir».  Color  grayish  black,  with  paler  centers  to  the  scales;  about  IH 
streaks  below  lateral  line;  sides  with  large  faint  ditVuse  yellowish  white 
Hjiots;  a  little  bluish  and  yellowish  on  sides  of  head;  a  yellow  streak 
liclow  lower  part  of  eye;  no  steel  blue  or  bronze  in  life,  tlui  c(doration 
iiiiicli  duller  than  in  A',  anahyim.  Tacilic  Coast  of  tropical  America  fr  un 
(luiiMiias  to  Miizatlau.  Here  described  from  Mazatlan  specimens.  This 
HjiiM  ii's  is  rather  common  about  Mazatlan,  especially  in  the  sluggish  waters 
of  till'  Astillero.  It  reaches  a  length  of  about  1")  inches,  (eletjans,  ele- 
irant.  iMit  its  colors  are  less  bright  than  usual  in  this  genus,  and  the  body 
(k'Olit".'. ) 

Vimi'U'i'ivnis  clegans,  I'kters,  IJcrliiior  Monatalierifhte,  707,  1800,  Mazatlan. 
Kiii'li'u-^iis  ileiiaiin,  EvEitMANN  &  Jenkins,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  ^Mus.  lKi)l.  155;  .Iohdan  A--  Fes. 
i.i;i!,  I.  c,  5;i5,  189;};  JouuAN,  Proc   Cat.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  4()(>. 

17«(S.  KYPHOSrS  SEl'TATKIX  (Liniia  im). 

(RUDDEB-FISH;    HEKML'DA  Ciail;   Clllll;   CUOl'A   ISl.ANCA.) 

Head  1^ ;  depth  21,.  I).  XI,  12;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  10-55-18.  Veitebra- 
It-f-K).  Mody  ovate,  soniewliat  compressed;  longest  dorsal  spine  !  the 
lieiulit  of  i»ody,  rather  higher  than  soft  dorsal  and  nearly  e(iual  to  longest 
ray  ol  anal;  teeth  35  to  40  on  each  side;  horizontal  i>rocass  of  tlie  teeth 
not  niiich  longer  than  the  vertical ;  interorbital  s])ace  2,1  in  head;  tnj*  and 
sides  of  iiead  lincly  scaled;  interorbital  region  gibbous,  beh)w  whi(th  poiut 
tlio  snout  is  truiuiate;  preopercle  weakly  serrulate;  gill  rakers  long;  soft 
(loiH.il  and  anal  very  low ;  the  longest  ray  of  anal  2}  in  head,  longest  spii.o 
■J|;  median  dorsal  si)ines  highest;  second  anal  spine  highest;  caudal  well 
forked,  the  lower  lobe  longer.  Color  in  life  steel  gray,  very  slightly 
lilnish.  not  much  ]»aler  below;  the  edges  of  each  row  of  sc  rs  on  back 
;in(l  sides  slightly  brassy,  so  that  very  faint  yellow"  ii  stripis  alternate 
witli  Idiiish  ones  of  about  equal  width;  a  diffuse  ])aie  stripe  below  eye,  a 
ycllowisii  one  abov(^  and  below   this;  tins  all  dull  grayish;  ventrals  and 


.M'  • 


>  K 


.  1 


^-t|:: 


1388  liulhtin  ./7,  United  States  A\itioNal  flfiiseuni. 


anal  Hoiiicwliiit  IdiUikisli ;  (1(1^0  <»f  (iperclr  slij-litly  (l.irkor.  TToro  dcscrii  cii 
(nun  Key  Wi-st  H|)»!ciiiu'UH.  West  Indies,  ranging  IVoni  Capo  (.'od  to  ilic 
West  IndirH,  crossing  tln'  (x^oan  to  tin-  Canary  I  'and»;  accidiiitul  in  thr 
Mndit«nan<'an,  onco  taken  at  Palermo  by  I'rofeBst)  I'iotro  Doderlein.  \,,| 
rare  oO'  our  Atlantie  eoastH,  lieroining  ratlier  (mmi  "m  noiithward,  <•;  ptj 
eially  at  Key  West.  It  lias  lonj;  Iteen  noted,  for  its  habit  of  (oliow mo 
vchhoIh,  siipposably  Cor  tlio  waHte  I'ood  thrown  from  them,  lieiiee  eall.il 
Kndder-lisli.  A  lish  of  considerable  ;;anu'  i|ualitie:i.  lien^lh  IN  iiiclics. 
(feminine  of  Hatntor,  (tne,  who  follows.) 

I'ercii  iiiuiinii  .siclalrix  (Ihi'  IJiiildiT-tiMlK.  (Jatesmv,  NmI.  Ilisi.  Car.  17:!^,  Caroliiiu. 
I'eira  miltiiri.r,  LiNN.Ki's,  S.vst.  Nat.,  Kd.  x,  '2'X\,  I'M  (iiiispiini,  iiicinrrcily  topied   ikum 

C  \'i'i:sitv,  wlio  liillcil  it  siu-l  iti-i.r).  Carolina, 
Chiftiiilnn   ((///(///((fi  ('«  (linpii.M.siiiict),  (IMKI.IN,   Synl.   Niit.,   I.    120!),    I7S8.   iiiiiiic  ipii1\  .    .n  ,, 

s|Mriiiirn    I'nuii    I  lie   tropical    Atlantic.     (Coll.    riirkiiison,   in    \'(>ya^r   (Japl.    I'uul 

ilcscrilird  liy  (MviKU  \   V  ai.kn<ii;n.ni:h.  I.e..  vni,  •J(i;t.) 
I'iiii<i,i>t,rii.s  hotiiiiiii.   I,.\ci;im;i)i:,    Hist.  Nut.  I'oi.s.s,.  iv,  41!9,  IH(t3,  South  Carolina.     ii,,ii 

I'lO.SC.) 

riiil'li'iiln  nn  'ihloiii/ini.CVVW.M  \   V.\I,EN(IKNNI>,   Ili.st.   Nat.   I'oi.ss.,  VII,  2(J4.   IH.ll.  lix   ilih 

iiiiUiiown:  <li'])tli  :!  ill  lutal  l('ii;;>li:  14  liniKitinlinal  stnakH. 
riiiirli'jiti'nin  hiisii  ytu-.  nii'iila.  DoUKia.lil.V,    Nat.  Sicil.,  .\iiii.   11,  la.s(\  2,  lS8;t,  Palermo 
I'iiiicli'jitfiiig  hi,sci,Cvy\v.\t  .t  \'Ai,K.S'fiEN.NHs,  Hint.. Nat.  I'uis..  vii,258,  pi.  187,  1H;;1;  .Jih.i,  ,\ 

A  (;iI.lti:iM,  Syiiojjsi.s,  501,  1883. 
I'rira  tiicliihix,  LlNN.Kr.s,  Syst.  Nat..  I'^d.  \il.  48ri,  17t)t>. 
('iljihotmii  hiisi/iii,  .loiMiA.N,  Vi(ir.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mils.  1884.  128. 
Kniihosim  scctatrix.  Jduda.n  \:  Kksi.kh,  L  c,  .12,"),  18!K!. 


I7«7.  KYIMIOSl'S  I.IIKSCKNS  (.Jonlaii  >V  (iillicrt) 


ilead:{H;  dei.tliLM.  D.Xl.ll;  A.  Ill,  11  ;  scales  12-t!7-l'L'.  Hody  olilnim 
elli])tical,  robust;  the  dorsal  and  vcntial  outlines  moderately  and  iic,ul\ 
(■(|Mally  :ir(di(Ml;  head  bluntish;  thts  ]irolile  evenly  curved,  without  di  |iri> 
sion  ill  trout  of  the  eye;  tiie  preorltitiil  rei^ioii  less  j;il»boiis  Ibaii  in  h.^nhi 
Irir;  mouth  terminal,  thelower  Jaw  sliuiitly  the  shorter,  the  broad  ma.\ill.ii\ 
loachinij  to  o])posito  the  front  of  the  eye,  its  width  aliout  e(|ual  to  tlnii  oi 
tiie  ))reorl)ital ;  teeth  in  both  jaws  broad,  roundeil  or  siibtruiic;iii  ,  n, 
sin.ulo  rows,  the  hori/ontal  roots  louj;er  th;in  the  crown,  but  not  twice  ;l^ 
loiif^;  about  HI)  teeth  in  cacli  .jaw;  behind  the  lai<re  teeth  in  e.icli  Jaw  i>,i 
b.ind  of  rasp-like  asperities;  !;i!]  rakers  short,  about  (i-f  1(5;  lueopnclr 
with  its  anu'le  rounded  and  mcmbrainiceous.  thi'  \ertica]  limb  straight  .im! 
minutely  .serrulate;  cheeks  with  10  or  11  rows  of  scales,  iiicludiui;-  siiiiilln 
ones:  ))reorl)ital,  Jaws,  snout,  rim  of  eye,  and  rounded  part  of  pi-copi  rclf 
uakc<l,  th(i  head  otherwise  rlosely  scaly  ;  scales  on  body  rather  small  lim 
suiocithish.  those  on  ))rcast  smaller:  liiis.  as  usual,  with  the  soil  |i;iin 
covered  with  small  scales;  dorsal  spines  i;illicr  hinh  and  strong,  ihi 
middle  oiu'S  lii{;hest,  lii<;ber  than  the  soft  rays,  nearly  tvvic(!  the  heiulii  ni 
the  last  spine,  and  'J\  in  head,  H;i  in  jn;reatest  de])th  of  body;  soft  (hMsul 
rather  lii,i;h,  not  at  all  fab.ite,  the  first  rays  i  the  leu.nth  of  the  head  ;  nut 
liu  similar,  shorter  and  liiyhcr,  tlu'  spines  liriidiuited,  the  buij^csi  ^,l^^ 
more  tiiau  '.  lenj;tli  of  lieail ;  eaiiil.al  wide  luoilciatcly  forked,  tin  lnlii> 
eijual;  the  longer  as  lon,n'  or  a  little  lon.^er  tluiii   head,   the  de])tli(>i  ilu' 


lill.  I 

sll.lll 
lljM'I'l 

iMlMt'l 


Ionian  (Did  I'.virmatui. — /•'is/us  of  Xortli  .Inuriui.      l."»S!> 

,1,111  lip  l<>  lip.  iilxiiit  <;i|ii;il  to  •;'i'fiit(«st  tlcplli  iil'  lioily.  I'uctoriils 
.  siiulilly  l(iii;irr  lliiiii  vciili  ills,  iin  1 1  mi  j^  lis  I  rum  hi  mi  it  (u  cd;;!'  of  j>  ro- 
le. Neutrals  pliiccd  well  itt'liiiul  jxMtoiiils,  not  n-acliiiijj  \  iMit.  Color- 
I  in  s))iiits,  Mfiirlv  iiiiifonii  li^lit  ^rayisli,  \viMioiit  tlJHliiK^t.  iiiaiiviii<;s; 
I,  \idl()\v  in  lilV,  a(  (ordiiijf  to  liioiitoiiaiit  NIcIioIh;  very  I'uint  ilaiUor 


tl.fl'iKs  I II  tiei'iim,  A  nui>.\s  \  (ill.lilCKT.   Vruc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  ISSI,  L'JIt,  Braithwaite 
Bay,  Socorro  Island  (Cull.  Llriil.  Niclmls) ;  .louiiAN,  IJiill.  T.  S.  Fish  (Joiiiin.  IHHl,  ;i'_'.S. 

h'.^us  IlitiKi-eiltl,  .lllHllA.N,   ri'OC.  f.  S.  N.lt.  MllM.  1SS5.  :i8ll:  .Ilv|il)A.N  \    I'i'.SI.KIt.  I.  (-..'Mi. 


I'iiiii  h  I'll  I  ".v  liili'e 

B 
Kiirl' 


567.   SECTATOR,  Jordan  iV    Fcslor. 


s-rtiilnr,  .Imudan  \   I'Ksi.i:u,  Review  Siciroiil  l''islies,  W.U,  ISlKi  {neiinnis). 

'\'\\\>  irciiiis  is  very  clost-  to  KiiphusiiH,  from  whicili  it  diU't  rs  in  its  smaller 
iiirisor  leetli,  wiiicli  have  very  inconspiciioiis  roots,  and  by  the  (leejdy 
I'diked  (iiiHlai.  {scfliifin-,  one  tliat  Collows,  a  name  early  apjilied  to  tlie 
iiiddtM-lisli  IVoni  its  (Uistom  of  followinfjj  sliijis.) 

ITOS.  SKCTATOU  OCVI  lU'S  (J(inl;m  A    (Jillxsrl). 

Head  ;;';  depth  2! .  I  >.  XI.  l!!;  A.  Ill,  II;  scales  IL'-7S-1'()  ,  rows).  I'.ody 
(ilildim  rlliplical,  Miiicli  IcNS  ('omi>resse(l  and  (deva^ted  than  in  rtd.ited  spe- 
rie--:  ImiIIi  dorsal  .'iiid  ventral  oiillincs  iej;nlarly  and  nearly  e(|iially  cnived  ; 
iioiitil  leMioii  little  <{il)lioiis,  tlie  drpre.ssion  licdow  it  littlo  marked  .md 
ilii' ^iidut  searcrly  'diint;  iiiniith  small,  terminal,  the  lower  jaw  sli;;litly 
iiuliiilcd ;  maxillary  not  reacliiiij;-  front  of  eye;  incisor  teeth  very  small, 
M'oiit  !iO  ill  llic  upper  jaw  laiic(»olale,  oardi  with  a  very  small  horizontal 
jiroccss.  -liorter  than  the,  tooth;  In  hind  them  a  hand  of  scarcely  evident 
;ts|)eiitics;  patches  of  similar  asperities  on  \  omer  and  ])alatines;  eyi'  very 
l:ii;;( ,  marly  as  loii;:'  as  snout,  its  diameter  nearly  ',  intcrorhita!  width  and 
i  lti):;tli  of  head;  pieo)>er(le  produced  uiul  rounded  at  an<jle,  its  niarj;iu 


:n 


laiK) 


liulh'tin  77,  (  'nitai S/a/fs  jYalional  A/nstum. 


•:1 


'  '  ■  i' 


w«^ul<ly  Hi'rriiltitr ;  ^ill  inuiiibriiiioH  united  Htrai^lit  iiuroHH  hrtniHt,  true  troni 
tin-  istlimiiH.  tlitMr  lic-r  lionltM-  umlcr  jMiHt«rior  part  of  eye;  gill  rnl><'r,i 
siiiuU  iiixl  short;  ])suiMlo1)r:iii<'iiiii-  ))i'«'H*>iit;  lioad  iiioro  c()iii]ilct(dy  fl(  mIkI 
tliaii  ill  A',  mclolri.r;  tlio  iijiIum!  uniiH  Niniiltir,  hut  more  rustri<!to<i ;  NmlrN 
Htriiitrdaiid  rn^o^e,  i)iitHCiii'C(dy<-ttiii<>id,  much  smoother  tliaii  in  A',  m-rtnin.,-^ 
Ihosooii  inichlh'  of  sith-s  hir^cHt.  tlioscoii  hreast  not  iinicli  rt-dntod  in  nI/i.; 
Holt  dorsal  and  anal  coinitlotuly  covrrcd  willi  scalcH,  tho  laM'torals  ^mil 
<^aiidal  nearly  so;  dorsal  spinas  low,  the  longest  :<i  in  lM>ad,  th<^  hiiHo  of  i lie 
(in  nearly  (M|1iii1  to  thut  of  thosolt  dorsal  or  the  anal;  soft  dorsal  very 
low,  its  last  ray  lonj;est,  its  niiddlo  rays  not  ho  loiifj  as  Iho  eye;  ciMiil;il 
(ixtiPinely  lon;j,  deeply  forked,  tho  1o1>«h  faleate,  tlie  ii]))>er  rays  more  tlian 
4  times  the  leM<;th  of  the  niiddlo  rays  tiiid  equal  to  the  greatest  depth 
of  the  liody ;  aniil  loii^  and  low,  its  liase  greater  than  length  of  liead.  its 
las)  ray  longest,  its  middle  rays  shorter  tlian  eye;  anal  s]»iiies  Hiiiall,  j;i:iilii- 
ated;  ventrals  short,  well  hehind  ])eitoralN,  nearly  A  lenj;tli  of  head,  mil 
reaehiiig  halfway  to  front  of  anal;  jiectoials  Hhnrt,  a  little  more  tlmn 
\  head.  Color  in  life:  Baek  and  sides  above  light  olive-brown,  beeoininir 
yellowish-olive  b(dow ;  belly  and  lower  i>art  of  sides  wliite;  each  side 
of  baik  with  a  very  distiin-t  dark-blno  stripe,  eomiiienciug  a  little  in  fiont 
of  origin  of  dorsal  and  rnnning  to  ujiiior  lobe  of  caudal  fin,  gradii:illy 
increasing  in  width  backward  to  caudal  peduncle,  along  which  it  is  .sik). 
deiily  narrowed;  a  Hiiiall  blue  spot  on  median  line  between  the  orliits.  ;i 
broad  blue  stripe  from  snout  through  eye  to  8uprascai»ula;  a  second  (inni 
siumt  through  lower  margin  of  orbit  to  opercle,  where  it  is  abrM|itl\ 
expanded;  lores  golden,  abroad  golden  stripe  Itehind  angle  of  moufii.  ni>i 
reaehing  ])reopercular  margin  ;  abroad  dark-bine  stripe  from  above  li;is(\ 
of  i)ectoral8  straight  to  base  of  median  caudal  rays;  below  this  is  a  nm 
rower  golden  stripe;  lower  ]»art  of  sides  with  indistinct  longitudin.il 
brownish  streaks  along  the  luargius  of  the  series  of  scales;  vertical  lins 
golden  yellow,  caudal  narrowly  margined  with  black;  pectorals  bidwii 
within,  the  outer  side  silvery  witli  yidlow  tinge;  ventrals  yellow  <ui  iimci- 
margiuH,  silvery  on  the  outer;  roof  of  month  and  tongue  bright  wliitc 
Panama;  known  <»nly  from  the  original  types,     (f.'wi's,  swift;  uvpa.  \:\'\\.) 

I'iiiieli'jiteiiis  m'liiiniii,  Jouiian  i^-   (ill.liKlil,  Hull.  I'.  .S.  KIhIi  (Joiimii.  1881,  327,  :i28,   Buy  of 

Panama.     ('I'.vpc  No.  2!);!!(.'i,  I'.  .S.  N.  M.     Coll.  ('.  II.  (Jilbcrt.) 
Ji';iI)lwKuii  oriniriit,  .I(iui>.\N.  I'roc.  I'.S.  Nat.  Mas.  IHHf),  .'180;  .Iohdan  .V  Kksi.ku,  I.e..  rp:;ii. 


.     i 


568.  MEDIALUNA,  .Jordan  A  Fesler. 

(.Mi;i>i.\i,iiNAs.) 

MetUalinia.  .TonDAN  &  Fksi.kk,  Ifoviow  Spiiroid  Fislios,  oM,  1893  (fali/uniieiisi.t). 

IJody  ovate-tdliptieal,  covered  with  small,  firm,  ctenoid  scales,  which 
also  cover  the  membraiiep  of  tho  soft  i)arts  ()f  the  vorti<'al  lins;  jiKniih 
small,  terminal,  horizontal;  th(^  maxillary  narrow,  slipping  under  the 
edg(^  of  tlu!  rather  narrow  preorbital ;  sides,  to|»  of  head,  and  Jaws  closdv 
scaled;  i>i'i"operc1e  minutely  creuulate  at  angle;, jaws  with  broad  IpmikIs 
of  slender  teeth,  those  in  the  outer  scuics  incisor-like,  compressed,  iiiii 
row,  and  lanceolate  in  fnriir,  the  outer  surface  transversely  convex,  the 


'■>         1 ; 


Jordan  and  Evcrwann. — /"is/iis  of  North  .hnrr/Va.      I'tOl 


intHT  coiipavo;  iho  other  t«»otli  of  tli«>  jaws  Hiiiiiliir.  but  uruw  |)i(ii,'rfHM- 
i\<  Iv  Hiii;'llur  bjickwiiKl  towanl  tli»  iiiHitlu  of  t\ui  iiuxitli ;  incisoiH  without 
('iiii.s|iicnoiiH  I'ootH  buliiiid;  all  tho  touth  Noiiiuwhat  moviihlu,  an  in  (lireUn; 
111)  iiiolar  tooth;  voiiior,  puhitiiioH.  and  ton^juc  witli  patclios  of  iniimto 
viliitorin  toctli ;  K'H  I'uUors  hIoikIoi-,  riitlMT  lou^;  (Ioi-hhI  spines  low,  in  n 
•.Iii.'lit  uT'iDve,  uhoiit  10  in  ninnbnr.  gradually  increusin;;  in  height  to  tho 
sixili.  Mien  docroaHin};;  soft  part  of  tho  tin  oloii^atc,  nimh  luii^or  than  thu 
MiiiiHiiis  part,  not  falcate,  tho  lonj^est  ray  ;i  base  of  tho  Hoft-iayed  ])art  of 
liii,  llir  fin  pointed  behind;  anal  eoinparatively  Hhorl,  it.s  iiase  'A'l  in  body, 
its  iiivH  III.  l!>;  anal  apinoH  small,  );ra<lnated,  the  Hoft  rays  niinierouH; 
riiinlai  Innate;  scales  thinnish,  adherent,  with  smaller  ones  intermi\"d; 
iiylorii'  cnca  extremely  numerous;  air  bladder  small ;  bran<hioHtejfals  7, 
TliiH  ^cnuH  contains  a  single  species  which  belonys  to  the  Californian 
finma.  Its  nearest  relative  seems  to  be  the  Australian  j^eiiiis  AhipichthiiH, 
(iiiiitiicr,  which  has  a  did'orent  tin  formula  (I).  XI,  1.");  A.  Ill,  ir»),  and  tho 
niiilill)'  dorsal  spines  much  lonj^or,  about  \  of  head.  These  (ishes  siiow 
sdiiii'  analogies  to  the  Chtttodonlidn'  in  form  and  dentition  and  in  tho 
HCiiiinijr  of  the  lius.  The  osteology  is,  however,  nnnh  as  in  KmihosiiH  and 
dirrlht,  and  is  essentially  I'ercoid.  The  post-temjioral  is  short  and  thick, 
nut  aiH'liyloscMl  in  the  skull.  (Spanish  inediiilinui — half  moon,  the  vernacu- 
l;ir  iiaiiic  (d'  the  typical  sptM'ies  in  California.) 

i;<tl».  NKIUALUNA  <  AlilFOIt.MKNSiS  (St<in<lu<  Iiih  i). 

(MttDIAI.UNA;    IIAI.K  MuoN.) 


Head  3;i;  depth  2};  eye  small,  .■">  in  head,  H  in  snout.  D.  IX-T.  22;  A. 
Ill,  I'.i;  scales  9-.')S-12.  Hody  ovato-ellii»tical,  its  outlines  refjfiilar;  head 
liluntish,  rounded,  tho  profile  strongly  convex;  maxillary  narrow,  not 
rciicliin.u,  front  of  eye;  preorbital  narrow;  mouth  small,  terminal,  hori- 
/iint;d:  Jaws  with  broad  hands  of  slender  tiuith,  the  outer  compresse<I, 
iiiniiwly  lanceolate,  without  evident  roots  beiiind;  outer  teeth  similar, 
j;i()\viii;if  smaller  backward,  all  somewhat  movable;  vomer,  jialatincs,  iiiul 
tonuiie  with  patches  of  minute  teeth;  f-ill  rakers  HJendor,  rather  ioi\«r, 
iibout  0+17;  preoperclc  entire.  Dorsal  spines  low,  the  middle  spines 
liii,'iicst.  scarcely  longer  than  eye;  soft  dorsal  low,  not  idevated  in  fnmt, 
little  higher  than  spines  ;  anal  low  ;  ciiudal  lunate,  the  uppt-r  lob(!  slij^htly 
l(iiii;<M  ;  ))ectorals  short  and  n.irrow;  ventrals  rather  small;  scales  tliin- 
iiisli,  adln'rent,  with  smaller  ones  intermixed;  sides,  top  of  head,  and  jav/s 
(IomIv  scaled.  Color  blackish,  with  steely  luster;  jtalor,  anfl  often  mottled 
lii'low;  sides  with  faint  obli(|U(^  vertical  lines  of  si)ots;  tins  blackish. 
Coast  of  southern  California,  from  Point  Conception  southward  to  Ccrros 
Isiiuid.  I'his  handsonu3  fish  is  abunda.it  on  the  rocky  coasts  of  southern 
California.  It  reaches  a  length  of  about  a  foot,  and  is  a  food-fish  of  giuid 
(|Uiility. 

.sVi.i/Mv  ciili/iirnidiisi.s,  Stkindacunkk,   Iclitli.  Kcitr.,  ill,  10,  187"),  San  Diego;  .Ioudan  .v 

ilii.HKiir,  Synopsis,  .WJ,  1881!,  and  rlsowln're. 
l'ii:.insn,ii<t  cdli/ornien.w,  JoitOAN,  ("at.  Ki.sli.  X.  A.,  92,  1885. 
M'lliiihuitt  laU/oniieiisiii,  Jordan  \-  Kesf.eu,  l.r  .  f):)",  189:!. 


||::f 


i;]02  n  1(11(1  in  /7,  I  ',iH('(f  Sfatts  A\ilional  Museum . 


'I:!' 


M;l'  %i 


I'liiiiilv   CI.V.     scl.KMh.K. 

('I'lIK    ('l!<>.\Ki;|{H,  ) 

Muily  ('iiiii|)i'Mssi>(l,  iiioi't'  oi  less  iluiii^iili',  covitrotl  witli  ratliri'  tliili  siiili  '. 
wliirli  :mi>  iisiiallv  iiioir  or  Irss  rtcnoitl.  I.att'iiil  litir  rotitiniioiis,  iisii.illv 
IlloK'  (II  less  rolHiiricllt  witll  Mir  l);it'U,  i^xttMiillli;;  (ill  (-tlildill  Dll.  Ilciiil 
liroiniiii'iit,  cn\«M'f<l  vvilli  kcjiIos;  Ikiih's  til'  tlit-  nIvIiII  ciivci  ikhis,  tlif^  iiiin  il- 
nidiis  HV/(l«!iii  liiif|il\  (I»'V(I(i|i(m1,  (lie  Hiiilacc  (iC  tlic  skull,  wIhmi  Hu;  llfsii  is 
I'lMiKivcd,  very  iiii(u««ii.  Siilidrliital  Imuk^h  \vitli<iiit  a  luickuuKl  pKiicctiiii; 
"-^tiiv."  Chill  iisii.'illy  with  pores,  .Hdiiictiiiics  with  harhcls.  Moiitii  small 
(ir  lainc  I  III'  teeth  ill  (iiie  or  more  scries,  (he  outer  ot"  w  hidi  are  soiuetiiiic-; 
eiilar;;;((l :  iiiiiiiies  olteii  |ireH('iil.  No  iiieisoi  nor  molar  teeth  ;  no  leetli  dii 
voniei.  |>alatiiies,  iiteiyuoids.  imr  tonyiie  Maxillary  without  Hii|iplemeni;ii 
ImiHN  ^lippiiiu  iiinler  the  free  e(lj,'()  of  lh»)  pi oorbifal,  uhieli  is  iisimHv 
liroad.  rremaxillaries  protiactih',  lint  not.  v««ry  freely  iiio\ aide.  XostiiLs 
donlile.  l's«Midoiiraiiehia'  usually  hir;;c.  present  in  iiiosf  of  the  neiicr;!. 
dills  I,  a  slit  liidiind  fourth,  (iill  rakers  presunl.  ltranehost<M;als  7 
(■ill  meiiihranes  separate,  free  from  tlit^  istlmiiis.  Lower  |iliar\  n;;c,ils 
separat«  or  united,  often  enlarged,  ihc  teeth  coiiie.  or  molar.      I'reo) 


■rrate  or    not.      ()jierele    iisnally    eiidin;;'    in 


tiat 


poinl.- 


Dor.' 


lelcic 
1 1     III! 


deeply   ijotehed   or  divided    info  2   lins,  tli((  soft    dorsal   liein;;    the   ioiiu'i. 


the  spines  depressilde   into  a   nioKMir  !«)ss  perfect  ;;r(iove 


na 


I  till  u   III 


ir  li  Hpiiies,  never  more  tli.m  2.     N'enlr.il  tins  thoiaeie,   I,  ."•,   liel( 


xdiind  iietdoral 


rei'toral    fiiiH  normal,     ('audal  tin  iisii.illv  iiof  fori 


\ii- 

luM 


I'.ar  liones  or  otolitlis  \'eiy  liiry»\  I'yioi'ie  ca'ca  nsiially  rallier  few, 
lda(l(h'i'  usually  larj^e  and  (•oinpliciit('(l  i  w  iint  in;;'  in  .\frntiriirluis).  .\ 
of  the  species  make  a  peculiar  noise,  calhal  variously  croakin;;',  jii'iiiiiin:. 
driiimniny,  ;ind  snoriiii;;  tliis  sound  i.s  supposed  to  he  caused  liy  Ion  in- 
the  air  from  the  air  hl.idder  iiitoonoof  thu  lateral  horns.  .\ii  imporiiini 
faiiiil,\  of  I!()  ^jeiiera  .ind  IfiO  H]iccies,  found  on  saiid.N  shores  in  all  waini 
seas,  a  few  sp(!(Mc.s  heiiijj  eontined  to  fresh  waters.  None  occiii'n  in  i|.  i  |i 
water  and  none  anion;;  rocks.  Mjiiiy  of  them  r(!acli  a  l.'irno  size,  mil 
m^arly  all  are  valued  for  food.  All  arti  carnistiroiis  and  some  an;  of  inii  i 
est  as  ;fanie  lislufs. '      {Sc'ni  iiida  ,  (iiinther,  Cat.  l''islies,  ii,  I'll.")- !!18. ) 

We  lie;;in  our  sorios  of  Sriiniidii  with  the  ;j;onu8  ScriplinH,  which  is  in  i 
ha])s  most  ]niniitiv(!  of  the  (^xistin;;'  ^jenera,  and  we  close  it  with  /'.'(/"is 
which  stands  at  the  ojijiosite  extronn^  from  Siriiilnm,  In  jiassin^^  down  ihr 
scries  from  \rhris  and  (hloiitoHcioii,  the  most  (>ti)lilliiii]\ki'  of  the  Scinii'niii. 
to  Siiiiiin,  Mii^lii  irrhiis,  Ei/m's,  and  iho  other  extronic  forms,  we  liiid  im 
\  ory  sharp  lino  of  division.  The  middle  lim%  if  we  may  so  sptsik,  Mr- 
liotween  lUiirdic.Un  cln-ii.tnh  iicd  and  Oiiliiosi'ioii  xcirrii^.  two  species  ic,ill\ 
closely  allied  to  each  otlier. 


The  SchiniiKi   constitute  an  irrou;uhirly  ^jfradnatod  series,  the  chara 


Chi- 


cliauiiin;;-  hy  small   and   often    scjii'((dy    ]icrce)itilih^   uradatioiis    from   Ih 
forms  allied  to  ('jiiioHcifiu  on  the  one  hand   to  those  approacliin;;'  Kiiiii> 


(III 


the  other. 


'  A  I'cvifU  (if  llii'   Si-iifniilif  111'  AiUfrirM  .iiiil    l'".mii])i'  1i:im  liirii   |pidilislii(l  li\  .liinl.iii  A 
Ki^'fUiuaiiu.  JIi'iiiiil  r.  .S.  V'm\\  Cinniii.  lur  lH8(i  (IsSil),  :!4:i   lUi,  pis.  l-l. 


Nil!  Iiili^c 
;|i|ii|it<  (1  h\ 

i  ^;ii'iipi,  '  " 
iiii.il  iiiiiie. 
lili'iliilc  ill    I 
til  .i.ihiiiiiM,  a 
iniiii\  of  the 

'.I'll  Im«  jilaci 

lltii   r^illllom 

till'  liiwcr ,ia\ 
lie  liiiilil  h  lio 
lirilr^  ill  \  illi 
ill  tlii'iil\  .        I 

v|ii|>.  lait    I  III 

L;l;lii,lliol|S  (if 

iiiiii'li  more   n 

>|irill'-  ilxsoi'il 

\-.  \\  e  iiroi'C 

'  irrliii^.  t  he  fii 

on  till'  Miiiii t  ; 

lllr  ^llol||  allo\ 
mil  'iiiispieiio 
I'ppi  I  Jaw  has 
iiiiiiiili  lici  (imc.> 
^li iilirirrliiis,  1 1 
iiiiiii'  .iiid   more 

|iiil'i'S    nil    the   (. 

Iiiiiii  1'  1(1  ."•;  th( 
|s  ;iiii|  lr>s  acute ; 
i;ikiM>,  shorter, 
tlicr  liii'ward,  ai 
'I  iili's,  ,'is  ,'i  nih 
tJM'ii  iliicci  ion. 
:ilili'  ill  lla\  (tr,  :i 
tris  liii'litliined  ; 
Mi  soiiii'  Sriiiiiiil 
Miiin'4  specinieii: 
ivi'.iNci'  or  cx'cn  I 

'M.il.iniiv.K: 

I  \rMrl,|-|.  11  ,,!•  I,-, 
llliirt!  vcrlrlii 
li'iM  :    liiilly  III 

|iivii|ii.ri  !(•  \vi 
"!■  >lil.s:  nil  i 
i"iiL;;  iiiiiil  lii: 

II  l-^  I   Hol't  IMV  ; 

''     \ii^il  Mil  l()n;,',ol 

lins  iiKii'c  III' 

''■    I'l't'lli   snia 

i'aiiiiic,>. 


It 

It: 
■  Ii 


[o)dii)i  niiif  h.vt'niutHU.  -Fishes  of  j\'ort/i  .  Initn'at.      \',VX\ 


Niilliiii«<'i> 


il<l  Im«  iiioio  tiiiniitiiriil  or  iiinii'  iiH'OVrtiM'  tliiiii  Oir  hiiImIIv  iNJon 


;|i|i>|' 


l.  (I  lis  Cm  hi',  \N  liiTfliv  \\\v  Si'ii\  iiliiii  wiiliiiiit  hnrlH'lH  arc  <li\  iilcd  into 


;|(ill|M.  '  olvilKI, 


.liifniillx.  ■M\i\   >' »(l  «((.  M)li-|\    DM   (llO  ><tri'II^'lll  of  tll*<  srcolltl 


il    >|>lll 


Tliit*  i«  lui'iif  ill  f'lirriiui,   vit\    |f«(l»l«  in  Srhiun,  uimI   inter 


iiifi 


li  lie  ill  .loliiiiiin.  I  iiiiitlmi's  iiiraii;;<'iiMiit.  liy  \vhi«ili  f  lio  s|i<tii'M  irliTrfil 
:.,ln,iiiH,  iiro  (li\  iili  li  Imi|\v»'iii  t  i»iih<i  iiiul  Sri, run,  is  no  iM'tti-r,  us  vjtv 
i,,;ni\  iiT  till)  H|M-ri«>H  liiivo  this  spinr  iirilii«>r  hti'^<<  nor  sniii  1 1 ,  iiiiil  i-oiilil  its 
u'll  III'  |il:ii  r<l  in  till'  Olio  y;roii|i  :i-.  Ilir  ntinr,  Ulirlvrr  <li\  iiii's  this  yroiij) 
lit  1 1  I'-i  iiiloxi  ill  nil,  ^|ii'riis  \s  it  II  till'  iiiiuil  II  iil)lii|iif  :in(l  llir  J.'iwm  .siiliii|iijil, 
;|i,.  luw  IT  Jaw  witii  I  lie  ti'<>(  Il  ol'  I  lir  iiiiirr  I'liw  i  iila!'^;nl,  ami  .luliuins  w  il  li 
ill,  iiHiiil  II  liori/.ontal  ami  llir  low  if. jaw  i  tie  1 1  Mini.  Hut  ifctii  oflln-  low  it  Jaw 
ImJii.;  in  villiroi'iii  Itainls,  I'IiIh  ai  ian<;t'ni*'Mt  is  lii-ttiT  than  tin- nthi'i' oiil.v 
ill  i|ii'iir\ ,  I  ill'  cliaiartri's  rlioM-n  ari'ol'  inoii'  vahn'  aH  intliialin^r  iclal  ion- 
,|ii|i.  liiit  thi'V  <'an  not  1m>  a|»|>li«Ml  in  itrurlico,  as  tlioro  an-  iiitoiinnliatt' 
Hrmiilions  of  all  sorts.  Tho  tv|ii'  of  I'scinliiiiriiiiKi  (Siinmi  a<iiiilii)  is  in  fart 
iiiiH  II  inoi'i'  iicarl.v  I'i'latiMl  to  tlit^  ^v)it>  *>f  ■loliuiim  than  to  iiionI  of  tint 
,|Mi  n-- a'-'-oiiati'il  with  in  in  I'xiiiditnvidii,!. 

\>  w  1-  |ir(irc('(l  aloiiji  Ihi'  srrirs  ol'  Srin  iiiim  from  lariiiinn  towiiMl  Mtnli- 
lirrhii-'.  tin-  following'  rlianni's  ai'r  Molalili-:  In  tJn-  /.iirinnis  tvpn  llir  |>orrs 
1,11  till  xiioiit  art)  small  and  Irw ,  ami  tlirir  arc  no  ilistimt  slits  or  IoIk-n  on 
ill!  -iiiiiit  above  tin-  n|i|M'r  .jaw;  in  tlir  oIImt  tvjM'  tlio  port's  licronio  lar^i' 


.1 


llS|lM'U01 


IS,  t    to  II   ill   niini'icr,  ami   the   thirUint'd  HiionI    alioMllic 


1,1    jaw  has  two  slits  on  racli  side,  lionmlin:'  two  dermal    lolies.      The 
iiiiiller.  narrower,  more  hori/oiital   as  w  t^  iiiiieeed  towtiid 


liiiiulli  liei  (Hill's  s 


\l,itH'  irrlnix,  the  lower  jaw  slioiler.  and  the  hands  of  teeth  in  Imtli  Jaws 
iiiiiii' and  more  liroad,  those  in  the  lowt-r  more  deiidedly  vilJiform;  the 
piiK's  nil  the  chin  liei'imie  lar^ei'  and  more  numerous,  the  iiiiiiilier  risiii;; 
iiiiiii  1' lo  .". ;  the  lower  iih.irviiiicals  lieeiMiie  laii^er,  and  their  teeth  larger 
mill  li>-i  ai'Ule:  the  ineorliital  hecomes  wider  and  more  ;;il>lioiis,  the  '_;ill 
i;il\i'i-.  shorter,  fewer,  and  more  like  liilien  les;  the  anal  fin  is  jdaeed  far 
tlici  Imward,  and  the  s|>iiii'S  of  the  liiis  ;;eMerallN  are  less  slender;  the 
m;iIis,  as  a  rule,  heeoiiie  roiiir|ier  and  the  rows  of  scales  less  rej>nlar  in 
tlii'i:  iliiection.  The  llesh,  as  a  rule,  hcconn'S  (iriiMM-.  coarser,  less  aj;rec- 
ililf  in  llavor,  and  of  less  value  as  food;  lint  this,  like  some  other  charac- 
ti'is  iiii'MtioMcd  aliove,  is  siilijeet  to  inneh  variation.  It  may  he  noted  that 
11  siiiiH'  Scimiiilir  the  middle  rays  of  tiic  caudal  ;ire  more  produced  in 
\iiiin.;  specimens.  In  some,  ;ilso,  the  serrations  on  the  ineopercle  liecinne 
wcikii  iir  even  olisolele  with  aj;e.    {Siin  niila ,  (iiinther,  ('at.,  II,  L'Im  :il,S.  i 

'ii'ii.innN.K: 

I    \  ,1 1,  liiii-  1 1  111'  l.'i       1(1  (ir  1 1,  llic  .iliciiiiuiiiiil  )ii>i'tii>iiol'  till'  spinal  ml  mini  lui\  iiij;  always 

!Miir<^  vcrti'lii'ir   lliMii  till'   I  aiiilal   poll  inn,  t  he  iiniil   tin  liciii};  piisli-rior  in  ils  ins>-r 

liciii:  liiiily  IIIIIII'  cir  los  ildniiMli-.  llic  niiiiilli  lar^ic  llic  lower  jaw  iiiojiilin^,  llm 

ln'iMipcrrlc  Willi  a  cicnulali'.  iiiciiilininaci'inis  lioniir;  snout  uitlioiit  ilisiimi  poiiM 

I'V  >\\tA:   no   lial'lit'ls;   piiorliil.il  ii:nrou  ;    liill   rakiis  MJcnilir,  iiioilcralc.  or  imIIici 

liiic^;  iiiial  liu  with  I  or  'J  \  ir\   wcnk  >|iiiics,  tin-  sccoml  closely  connci  icil  u  il  li  Ui,- 

lii-il  soft  ra\  ;  scales  small,  smootliisli. 

I    A  Mill  liii  lonj;,  of  1.')  to  111  soft  rays,  its  liaiutli  more  I  lain  half  tliat  of  soli  dorsal :  ilorsiil 

lliis  moi'c  or  less  sciiaraliil ;  soil  ilorsal  ami  anal  liiis  closely  sialcil. 

''.    I'lclli   small,  sliarji.  siilii'i{ iial.  iiiiisciial    liitlow,  in   a    narrow    luinil   alio\c:    no 

caniiu's:  anal  anil  suit  ilorsal  willi  2iMo 'J'J  riivs  cacli.  llic  foriiicr  liiil    iilllc 


^, 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0     !f  i^  1^ 


I.I 


1.25 


1^12,2 


■  2.2 
^   i^    12.0 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporalion 


<v 


iV 


<^ 


4^ 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14SS0 

(716)  872-4503 


4^ 


;\ 


•'.;;..   i»< 


>./■■■..• 


V  it" 


kk^ 


6^ 


1394 


nnlldin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


;;ii 

m 


m 


\s--  \ : 


I' ' ' 
liii' ' 

ill 


shorter  than  the  latter;  dorial  fins  well  separated ;  Ixuly  compressed ;  stiili.s 

large,  ctenoid;  lat«ral  line  Htraight;  gill  rakerH  long  and  slender;  caudal 

fln  lunate.  Sekii'IIUs,  :m. 

Iih.  Tt^eth  larger,  very  unequal ;  tip  of  upper  Jaw  with  ouo  or  two  strong  caiiint's ; 

enlargeil  teetli  or  caninoH  on  sidt-sol' lower, jaw:  anal  fin  J  shorter  than  soii 

dorsal,  with  15  to  18  soft  riiyH;  dornal  tins  well  Hcparat'ul,  f  he  IntiTsimci' 

ahouteiiiial  to  eye;  soft  dorsal  of  24 ''ays ;  bodj*  ('oinprcssed ;  ai    Irs  latlnj' 

small,  cycloid.  Isoriwiiii's.  .')7(i. 

no.  Anal  (In  moderate,  or  short,  of  7  to  III  soft  rays,  its  length  less  tlian  }  thatof  hccoimI 

dorsal;  dorsal  tins  contiguoiis;  hitoral  line  arclicd  in  front. 

e.  Canine  teeth,  if  present,  not  Uince-slia|i<'d,  lii|)crii<g  from  base  to  tip. 

il.  Lower  jaw  without  canines  at  its  tip,  some  of  its  lateral  teeth  soiiictiiiie> 

enhirged  ;  tip  of  upper  .jaw  usually  with  canines. 

«'.  Alouth  very  oblique,  tlni  lowei  Jaw  little,  projecting,  the  angle  at  1);im 

of  niandilde  very  ])rominent;  body  cora]ires8ed,         Ht'ccoNK,  .'jTI. 

ft.  Moiitli  littlo  oblique,  the  lower  Jaw  projecting;  at  tip;  anj^lo  at  Ikisc 

of  mandible  little  prominent ;  body  subfusifonn.    CvxtisciON,  .■>7i; 

ve.  Canine  teeth  l.inc(!-sha]>ed,  widened  toward  the  tip,  then  abruptly  i)oiiite(l; 

(canines  of  front  of  preniaxillury  largest ;  al)out  2  canines  on  front  of  low  er 

jaw  on  each  side;  outer  teeth  of  upper  Jaw  enlarged,   somewhat  Iiuk  • - 

shaped ;  outer  teeth  of  lov.-er  jaw  conii)roa8ed ;  Jiir  bladder  with  2  liornliKi' 

processes;  gill  rakers  moderate,  slender;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  lin  scaly. 

SAC.ENICHTIIYS,  ;'i7:i. 

1 1.  N'ertebrie  9  to  12  -:- 13  to  20,  typicnlly  10  |- 14,  the  nunilter  in  the  abdominal  part  of  I  li.- 
body  being  always  less  than  in  the  caudal  part;  dorsal  tins  contiguous,  the  suit 
dorsal  being  long,  much  longer  than  th•^  anal. 
/.  Dorsal  spines  well  separated,  the  fir.stdor.sal  spine  attached  to  the  third  or  fourth  ini(  r 
neunil,  not  more  than  2  of  the  spino-be.'iring  intorneurals  being  placed  between  i  lir 
same  pair  of  vertebra' ;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  fin  n.sually  17  to  32  (37  to  40  in  LoncliiuruK. 
45  to  50  in  Sniivnoides) ;  occipital  crest  not  greatly  elevated. 

<j.  Lower  pharyngeals  separate. 
/(.  Lower  jaw  without  barbels. 

t.  Caudal  tin  moderately  scaly,  its  distal  portion  usually  more  or  less  nalicd, 
the  scales  not  uuuierous  enough  to  give  a  thickened  appearance  to  the  tin. 
j.  Teeth  well  developed,  permanent  in  both  jaws. 

*•.  Lower  pharyngeals  rather  narrow,  their  teeth  conic  and  mostly 

sharp,  none  of  them  molar;  outer  teeth  of  upper  Jaw  more  or 

leas  enlarged. 

l."  Gill  rakers  comi)aratively  long  and  slender;   mouth  more  or 

less  oblique;   anal  tin  usually  (but  not  always)  iiLseriid 

l)o«teriorly ;  preox'bltal  usually  narrow,  flat;  edgeof  siiijuI 

above  upper  Jaw  with  the  pores  and  slits  little  conspiciunis 

or  obsolete. 

»/i.  Skull  exces8i\ely  cavernous,   soft   <ind    spongy  to  I  In 

touch,  the  interorbital  space  very  broad ;  eye  vny 

small;  mouth  large,  oblique;  prcopercle  with  a  hriiad 

nismbranaceons  border,  which  is  striated  and  friii  licd : 

scales  small;  spinous  dors.il  short  and  weak;  Miial 

spines  wei  k ;  caudal  lin  pointed. 

n.  Pseudobranchiar  present;  teeth  subequal,  all  villi 

form,  in  narrow  bands;  soft  dorsal  long,  of  :;o 

to  35  rays;  anal  fln  rather  long;  soft  dorsal  and 

anal   sc.ily;    lower  Jaw  projecting;    vertclinc 

10  1  14;  ;rill  rakers  long  and  slender;  air  bladder 

with  two  horns.  Nebuis.  .'174. 


*This  character  like  many  others  passes  away  by  degrees,  leaving  no  sharp  division 
between  2  and  U. 


lit 


Jordan  and  Rvernmnn. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1395 


m»».  Skull    firm,    nut    cxceHHivoly  cavrruouH,   iuterorbital 
8]>i'c<UeHH  broad  :  preorbltal  not  turgid;  soft  dorsal 
of  iesH  timn  30  rayx. 
0.  Sciiles  of  the  luterul  linp  coimiderabiy  eiilargiMl, 
aimiiBt   entirely  concoale'.i  by  Hniallor  ont'H; 
anal  tin  tiniail,  inserted  well  forward  its  (irat 
Hpino  natmlly  as  near  ventrals  as  caudal ;  can 
dal  tin  ]uiinted,  its  iiediincle  long  and  slender; 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  m'aly  :  scab's  small ;  pro- 
oiiureic  witboiit  bony  scrni';  pseudobranebia' 
small,  often  obsolete  on  one  side.    (Fliiviatilo 
sj)ecies.)  I'l.AdlDSCloN,  .'>7,'i. 

00.  8eab!S  of  tin;  lateral  line  similar  to  the  ot liers,  not 
concealed  by  smaller  ones;  anal  tin  inserted 
more  or  less  posteriorly,  tirsl  spine  usually 
nearer  caudal  than  vcntrals :  caudal  pedunclu 
ratliersli  ^rt;  pseudobrancdiiic  well  developed. 
;».  Head  not  very  broad,  the  interorbital  8i)ace 
notnotably  sjiongy  nor  deeply  cavernous, 
f/.  I'reopercle    with    its    li.embranaceous 
edge   entire,   creniilattf  or   ciliate, 
with  no  bony  teeth  ;  teeth  in  lower 
.jaw  in  few  series. 
r.  Teeth  very  small,  equal,  nnisitrial 
or  very  nearly  so;  snout  very 
short;  cleft  of  mouth  oblique  or 
oven  vertical,   the  lower  jaw 
projecting.  LAunirs.  .")76. 

>T.  Teeth    larger,  moie    or   less    un- 
equal, those  of  the  lower  jaw 
in  one  or   two   series   or   in 
bands;  cleft  of  moutb  not  ver- 
tical. 
s.   I'pper  jaw  witli  some  of  the 
teeth    enlarged,  forming 
canines;  some  canines  in 
lower    .jaw ;    lower   jaw 
l)rojecting. 

OiJONTo.scioN,  577. 
St.  TJpi>er  jaw  with    a    narrow 
band   of  teeth,  those  of 
the   outtT  row  more  or 
les8(Uilarged;  no  distinct 
canines.       CoKVULA,  578. 
77.  rrcopercle  with  its  bony  margin  arm- 
ed with  sharp  teeth  or  serra'. 
t.   F'reoperclo   with    its    lowermost 
spiny  directed  abruptly  down- 
ward; softdors;.^  and  anal  tin 
moderat«!ly  scaly. 
H.  Lower  .jaw  with  a  few  slen- 
der canines;  sec  •ml  anal 
spine  very  small. 

ELATTARfllUS,  579. 

WH.  Lower  jaw  withoiitcanines; 
second  anal  s|)ine  mod- 
erate or  large. 

Bairuiella,  580. 


;  I 


■I'H- 

'« 

\% 

l.'»>0  nu/lrtin  /7,  rnift'd  Sfafrs  Xaiional  .^rusnoH. 


m 


Jill.    Ilriiil    vcrv    liroiul    iiliov  i'.  tin'     iiiliM'iirlm.il 

Hpiirt'    llaltisli,  I'Mi'MHiv fiv    I'livoii ^ 

tliK  st'plii  I'rtliiD'il  to  tliiii  |iiirl  itioii'< 
Niill  ildi'Hiil  mill  :iiial  liii  iisiimIIv  ilinsi  h 
Mi'^ily:  siriiliil  H|iilir  iiC  iliil'siil  ilMii.ilh 
tliirkriinl.  S  I'Kl.l.ll  Kli  Tp-I 

II.  ( I  ill  MiKr's  riiiii|iiinil  ivrly  Hlioi't  ami  IlilrU,  ll^4llllllv  iml  lim-ir 
than  ]ii»it<'i'ii>i'  iKt.iti'll;  anal  I'm  iiisritril  lail  lirr  t'urw  ;iii| 
siiiiiil  aliiiM'  liiwi'i' jaw  with  hir;;i-  |ioi'i'h.  anil  aIiIi  In 
nniri'  nr  Irss  ilirililirl  slitn  on  its  iil^i',  thrst'  somiiI  in.i  . 
iiltsolctr :  )in'iirl>lt:il  iniiri'  nr  Ii'hs  liroail :  iiiuuth  iiinii  <>r 
li'HH  iiil'i'iior. 
V.    l*ri'i)|u'i'(Mi'  witli  itH  liiiii\  niai';;in  ainifil  with  strnn:^  |Mr 


sisti'nl  s|iiii<'8 


I  hii 


lint   ilma|ii>i'ai'  \\  it 


ilal   tin   not   liiiiatt>.  tli<>  niiilillr  ra,\s  lonnrr  than  ih. 

lilWI  T.  Ol'UKlM  liN,  :.-.' 

rriolificln  with  its  liony  margin  srrratc-  in  the  vouiiu 
liccnniin;;  I'litirr  with  a;:<':  ranilal  tin  trnnrat;'  or  In 
natt'.  the  niitliili' ravs  not  loni;rst  :  slits  anil  iioirs  n 


iilipt'i'.jaws  wi'U  ili\rlii]M'il. 


MI.V.M)!'.' 


VI-I-.   I'l'i'iiprrrl.'  without  liony  srrratiin.s,  its  nii'mlniinaciiiii. 

t'lljif  rill  irr  or  riTiiate,  or  ('rin}:<'(l :  mIHh  and  jioi  i  .  (,i 

ii|i|M  r.jiiw    wril  (1('\  I'lopi'il.  Sri.V.N  \,  :.-:| 

kk.   laiurr  iiharviinials  vt'iy   liioail.  willi  coarst'  hliiiil   niolar  triil, 

ti'ctli  in  hot  li. jaws  siiliri|iial.  in  Inoail   hanils:   iiroopcMrh-  wilh  iis 

lioiiy  iiiai'uin   coarsi'ly  si'irair;  lowiT.jaw   inclnilril:  siioiil    wnn 

piircs  anil  slits  as  in  Srlnnii :  L;i|l  raUrrs  rat  liri' short  anil  shmiiM 

KuM'AlPoi:,  :,>,, 

//.    Teeth  viTV  sinall,  siil)i'i|iial,  those  in  the  lower  jaw   wanting;  or  ileiiiln 

oils:   lower    pharyngeals   rather   hi'oail,    with    jiavril   teeth,    iiiiiiith 

small,   interior;    snout    as   in   Siunini:    jireopirele  entire;   aii;il   lin 

lonu,  with  ahoiil    IJ  soft  rays;   uill  I'aKei-s  shortish,  rather  sh  inli  i 

1-KtiisfOMl  s,  ,",m; 
/(/(.   Lower, jaw  with  one  or  niore  harliels,  either  ;it  t  ho  symphysis  or  on  the  i;iii,i: 
snout   with  slits  anil  pores  as  in  Si-lanm  :  lower  jaw  inelniled;  preorlninl 
liro;nl;  lower  leeth  in  \  illil'orm  banils;  ,i;ill  rakers  more  or  less  short. 
(c.    I'seiiiliihraneliia'  well  ileveli>])e(l ;  pi'i'tonil  lin  not  '.'lon.i;att'. 

.r.    Lower  jaw  with  sleiiiler  harliels,  usually  several  in  niiinlier. 

.*/.    I'.aihels  mostly  in  atiil't   at  the  symphysis  of  lower  j.iw  ;  iiumiiIi 
very   small,    interior;   ;;ill   rakers  minute,    thiekisli;   iliii-.,il 
spines  X  or  X  I  ;  jireoiierile  sharply  Itiit  tinely  serrate:  |ui 
oihital    tiirjiiil    anil    eiivernons.   more   or   less  transluiiin 
1  ;niilal  tin  rhomliii'.     (I'Miniatile  species.)       I'.M'ilYl'or.s.  ,'i«T. 
jlil.    I!ai  liels  ehietly  lateral,  alonj;  the  I'aiiii  of  tlie  lower  jaw  .  iism;iI1\ 
noiio  at   the  symphysis;   lower  pharynueals  inirrow,   wiiii 
sharp  teeth. 
J.   I'l'eoperele   without    hony   serra';  dorsal  sjiines    \  I  \' :    :ill 


raixtrs  short,  'mt  rather  .sleiidei 


(iKNVONKMV'S 


l'reo)nr<le  with  its  bony  marjiin  armed  w  ith  stronji  I. 
dorsal  s]iines  X  or  \I  ;  ulll  ivikers  short,  tliirkish 


.MlCHOI'DlidN.  .'.-ii 


.rr.    Lower. jaw   with  .'i  sinjilt,  thiekisli  harhel  at  its  lip. 

II  .  Air  Ulailder  larne:  anal  spines  "J;  haek  more  or  less  ele\,ili 
preoperile  with  its  hony  maiiiin  ironate  or  serrate.  |ii 
torals    short,    shorter    than    ventrals.      (Kree   swimim 


species.) 


I'muKINA.  .".'.I". 


lioily  oliloiio 
simIis.      Ilodd 

e\f:   sliullt  bin 

small,  slijirp, 
hiaiii  lii;i'  )»rese 
Tins  Craoilc,  1 
iiimsiially  .siiia 
spines  L',  fi'clilc 
Clllliisrioil.       Siz 

is'.ui  1  ill  rliti  (ii 
«drin\voi»(l;  till 


'iiMil  3|;  (lep 

I>.  VII [-1,20;    .1 

'•I'liipi-esstMl;  pn 
narnnv,  tlio  low 
auteridily  jiboul 


ford  a 


'an  am/  /•'.virniann.  —/•'/s/irs  of  Xorlh  .  hiirri<(i.      V.VM 


an'.  AirhliuMrr  iioiu^:  niiiil  spinn  Miiiult',  \v«iil\  :  luick  u  it  clcvatt'd  ; 
IHi'opiMrh*  witli  its  iniMiiliraiiaccoiis  cduf  cirniilatc ;  per- 
ioral tiii.s  loim,  l<iii;:i'i' than  vi'iitrals.     (Itcitiiiiii  liHlit's.) 

MkN'I'Ii'iukmi's.  mm. 
ir.   l*Hi>ii<Ioliraii('liia' iili.-tiili'li';   lindy  Iciii;;  ami  low  :  caiitlal  |iiiiiitril  ;  lii'i'tmal 
till  I'lciimatC;    |il  rc>|i<'nlc  «'I1mi1iI    liniiy  sciraluiTH. 
Ii\   ^laliililili-  with  a  row  of  Hlciidcr  liaibcls  aloiiK  tin  iiiin'i<>(l;;r;   rliin  will' 


out  lar;;«i  liarlirls. 


r.Mi  \i.ii.\nnKi' 


hli',   Maiiilililo  without  liarli-   h  aloii^  I  he  iiiiicr  riliio.     Chin  willi  two  Nliorl 


harlicis;  Hiiti  (lorsa  I  with  :iO  to  Id  lavi. 


LiiN<nn  Ki 


All.plilNoriN.l'. 


|.(ix<  ci- |ihai\  n;;('als  vct\   lai  41'.  iiim|ilrl'ly  nnilro,  rovctrd  u  illi  1  naisc  Idiiiit  |>a\  I'd 
lic'l  li ;  lowiTJa  w  inrliidcd  ;    s  noil  I  w  il  li  >lits  and  |ioi(s,  as  in  .Snuiia  .  ;;ill  t  a  Kits 


idler  sliorl. 


(•'.    Lowt'i'  jaw  willi  iiiinii'i'oiiM  liarlirls  aloii;;  llio   inin  r  id:;r  of  Ihc 
rami  i   |ir(!o|n<iil(>  nearly  entile.     (Maiini'  .speeies.) 

riKMMAS,  .'ilU. 

(■(•'.    Lower. jaw  without  Imiliel.s;  |iieopirrlc  slij;htly  seriate.    (Kresli 

wat<U'  Hpeeies.)  AI'I.iiiiinmii  s.  .V,t."i 


\'.i/'  iin 


1 1,  iisal  si)ilies  close  lot;el  her,  the  lirsl  slli1l«^  iitlaehed  to  the  lir.st  inlerneiiral,  and 
I'loiii  Ti  111  12  of  tlie  spine. heariii;;  inlerni-iirals  \\edj;ed  in  hetween  tlie  hijih 
iM  lipjtal  ciest  and  the  neural  spine  of  tlio  sei  nnd  veitelirii  on  the  one  hand,  and 
lliat  of  the  third  \eiteliraoii  tlie  other;  oeeipilal  crest  iniicli  elevated.  Month 
.■iiiiall.  low,  included;  the  teeth  snliei|nal,  in  villiforni  hands:  air  liladder  sini 
pie;  iireojirnle  With  its  n-eniliraniiceoiis  idne  .serrulate;  ;;ill  rakers  siinrl  ;  sninit 
.iliove  preiinixillary  with  slil  and  porcM  essentially  as  in  Sriirmi:  anal  lin  small; 
soft  dor.sal  very  hiu;;.  of  ltd  to  "lO  rays;  \.  ''telira'  10 -j-  h'l    -  25.  Iv^i'K.s,  ."iitli. 


I  t 


569.  SERIPHUS,   A.vrPH. 

,vVn/.//".v,  AvitK.s,  rroc.  <"al.  Ac.  Sci.,  11,  IHIil.  m  [jmlitiis-). 

Iliiily  olilouo;,  coiiiprt-HHed,  covcrt'il  witli  liither  liirgi-,  (IccidiKnis,  rtomiui 
simIo.  Iload  <1(M'|>,  ('oiii|»re.s8<«l,  r;iiiiiat««l  behiixl,  deprcsHcd  alxixo  tlif 
i\c:  siiiiiit  blinitish,  lower  Jiiw  projoctiuo;  moiitli  Inrj^c,  (d»lii|iMi.  Tcetli 
siiimII,  sliiirp,  Hoparated,  in  narrow  liands.  (Jill  rakers  hm:x\  psciido- 
liiaiii  liiii-  iMoseiit;  proopenle  willi  its  lueiiihranaccous  (m1o«  dontiotilatcd. 
Tins  fragile,  the  soft  ]»artH  scaly;  dorsal  lius  m  dl  apart,  the  second 
luiiisnaliy  small,  shorter  than  the,  anal,  which  is  uiiiisiially  laiffe;  anal 
s|iiiies  J,  tV«dde;  caudal  tin  lunate.  N'ertehia'  II  +  ^'^  "■'^  '"  <>ti)l\tkiiH  and 
I'jiniisrioii.  Size  small.  One  Ki)ecie8  in  tiie  eastern  Pacilic.  ((>.'V"V'?.  fin 
is';i!rl  ill  the  (ireeian  Arcdiipelago;  a  small  winged  inseet;  also  a  kind  of 
winniwond;  the  allnsiuu  in  auy  case  not  evident.) 


I  i 

!    i< 


!i  ' 


ill 


177»>.  SKKIHIIIS  I'OMTI  S,  Ayies. 

((^rEKNKI.^^Il;    WlllTK   ( 'IK  l.\  KKK.) 

Head  31^;  depth  I ;  eye  large,  i.^  in  head;  snout  projecting,  31  in  head. 
I).  MIM,  20;  A.  ri,'-'lor  L'2;  scales  8-G.".-!l.  IJody  niodeately  elongate, 
I'liiniH'cs.sed ;  prolile  siigiitiy  depre.ssed  over  the  eyes;  mouth  large  anil 
iiaiiow,  the  lower  Jaw  more  or  less  ])rojecting  in  the  adult;  }»iemaxillary 
anteriorly  ahout  ou  the  level  of  the  lower  margin  of  the  ])iipil ;  maxillary 


1398  fiulldin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


!i';  ■  "'■ 


,1      !» 


2  in  head,  reaching  to  below  poaturior  iiiargiii  of  cyu;  lower  Jaw  wiili  a 
knoll  at  its  HymphysiH  which  lits  in  a  notch  in  the  npperjuw;  teutli  n\\ 
HUiall,  Huhequal,  those  of  the  lower  jaw  in  a  niugle  series,  except  at  tlio 
symphysis,  whore  there  p.re  two  or  three  HericM;  teeth  of  the  n])por  Jaw 
in  two  series,  the  inner  ones  nuich  recurved;  gill  rakers  long  and  slemlui. 
H  leiigtli  of  eye,  1  -\-\b]  lower  jtharyngeals  narrow,  linear,  fragile;  sciiles 
moderate,  weakly  ctenoid,  those  alxMit  the  head  cycloid;  lateral  line 
straight;  dorsal  spines  weak,  the  highest  2'>  to  'A  in  head;  soft  ddisal 
falcate,  the  anterior  rays  mnch  the  longer;  anal  similar,  its  base  at  liaHt 
as  long  as  that  of  the  soft  dorsal;  interspace  between  dorsals  2.^  in  Inad; 
veutrals  2  in  1  cad;  pecrtorals  Ij ;  candal  Innate.  Color  binish  above,  sidiH 
and  belly  bright  silvery,  finely  pnnctate;  vortical  tins  all  briglit  yellow; 
in  life,  base  of  pectorals  blackish.  Coast  of  sonthcrn  Californiji,  iKim 
Point  (,'once]>tion  to  Cerros  Islan<l;  common  on  sandy  shores,  about  San 
Diego  in  shallow  waters.  It  reaches  the  length  of  about  a  foot,  juid  is 
an  excellent  pan  iish.     {politi(8,  polished.) 

>Seripl>iis  politiis,   AVKES,  I'roc.  Cal.   Ac.  Kat.  Sci.,  H,  1861,  80,  no  locality  j  JfHtiiAx  a 
(Jii.iiKiiT,  I'roc.  r.S.  Nut.  MuH.  1880,  460;  .Torda.n  X   (iii.iiEKT,  Proc.  V.  8.  Nut.  Mns. 

1881,  48;  JOHUAN  &  GlI.BKKT,  SyilOJ)8i8,  582,  1883;  JdllDANifcElGENMANN,  I.  C,  'i',2.  ItHy'.!. 


I  !■« 


l-ii  I 


! 


■m 


N.i 


570.  ISOPISTHUS,  (Jill. 
Isojiittlivt,  (iii.i.,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Thila.  1862,  18  (jtarvipinnis). 

This  genus  is  intermediate  between  Seriplma  and  Ci/noscion.  It  has  the 
canine  teeth  of  the  latter,  with  the  long  anal  and  short  second  dorsal  of 
the  former.  The  second  dorsal  has  21  rays;  it  is  well  separated  from  tlio 
spinous  dorsal,  and  its  base  is  only  i  longer  than  that  of  the  anal.  Aiintlicr 
genus  {Arohoncion  (Jill)  is  intermediate  between  J (ioj)i8th us  and  Cynnmim, 
having  the  anal  shorter  and  the  dorsals  chtser  together  than  in  laopUlhrn, 
but  less  so  than  in  Cynoacion.  Canines  strong,  the  lateral  teeth  of  lower 
jaw  more  or  less  canine-like.  The  separsition  of  these  groups  as  geiicia  is 
perhaps  hardly  ju.stilied.  Species  few,  in  tropical  America.  {I'dos,  vi\\\i\\; 
oTtidOe  behind,  the  soft  dorsal  and  :inal  equal.) 

a.  Anal  rays  II,  10;  pcctoralH  rather  lung,  1^  iu  head;  axil  Itruwniah.        ke.mifkii.  ITVI 
aa.  Anal  rays  II,  16  or  17 ;  pectorals  shortish,  1 J  in  liead ;  axil  pale.    rAUVU'iXMs,  177i 

1771.  ISOPISTHUS  KKMIFKB,  Jordan  .ttJilbert. 

Head  3i  m  iu  total);  doj.th  41i  (4f);  eye  iL  D.  VIII-I,  20;  A.  11,  lH; 
scales  l.^)-7S-l(!,  about  55  pores.  IJody  elongate,  compressed,  the  back  ik;! 
elevated;  head  compressed;  snout  rather  short,  not  prominent;  aiitcrim 
jirofile  slowly  rising  from  snout  to  front  of  dorsal;  premaxillaries  extend- 
ing beyond  front  of  snout,  anteriorly  on  the  level  of  the  upper  part  of  tk' 
pupil;  niimth  large,  very  oblique,  the  m.axillary  extending  to  below  tb« 
middle  of  eye,  its  length  2^  iu  head.  Lower  jaw  strongly  projecting  at  tip; 
chin  without  pores.  Front  of  premaxillaries  with  a  long,  sharj),  curved 
canine  on  each  side  ( I  of  these  often  smaller  or  absent) ;  sides  of  upper  Jaw 
with  smaller  teeth,  wide-set,  mostly  in  1  row;  lower  jaw  with  ahout :.' 
series  of  small,  slender  teeth  in  front,  laterally  with  a  single  series  (ifsiiiiill 
teeth,  besides  3  to  (i  large  canines,  much  smaller  than  the  canines  of  tk 


Jordan  and  lircrwauu. — lushes  of  North  America.     139G 

upper  jaw.  I'roorbitttl  imrrow,  not  \vi«lor  ilian  the  pupil.  Kje  largo, 
sijnhily  sho' ter  than  Hiumt,  which  is  about  <Miual  to  intcrorbital  width. 
i'lioitcrclo  with  a  iiienibraiiaut'oiiH  flap  at  itH  aii^lo,  which  in  ntriatc  anil 
hli'lilly  fringed  at  its  edge.  Gill  lakerH  rather  Htrung  and  slender,  low  in 
iiiiiiilu'r;  iisi-ndobrancliiii-  well  dovelojied;  nostrils  Hmall,  the  posterior 
vci  t  ii'iilly  oblong.  Scales  small,  nearly  smooth,  deoulnoiis ;  dorsal  and  anal 
liiis  ildsely  covered  with  small  scales;  lateral  line  little  arched,  boconi- 
iiiM  sirniglil  behind  vent;  first  dorsal  snnill,  its  spines  slender,  the  highest 
ji  ill  length  <if  head,  first  spine  minute  or  olKso'ete,  the  second  not  much 
slioitiT  tliiui  third;  space  between  dorsal  fins  about  e(|ual  to  diameter  of 
(.ye  :;.  in  iioad;  soft  dorsal  moderate,  its  longest  ray  a  little  less  than  \ 
Iciiiilli  of  head;  caudal  shortish,  slightly  double-concave,  its  middle  rays 
hIkpiiI  \  length  of  bead;  base  of  anal  \  length  of  head,  its  spines  rudimen- 
t,ir\  :  vmtrals  A  length  of  head,  reaching  halfway  to  vent,  which  is  close 
ill  iiDiit  of  anal;  pectorals  reaching  c<uisiderably  beyond  tii)S  of  ventrals, 
till  ii  liiigtii  \\  to  1^  in  head,  t,';  to  1^  in  body.  I'les^h  comparatively  soft. 
Coloi  in  life:  Bluish-gray  above;  grayish-silvery  below;  top  of  snout  and 
tip  of  lower  jaw  blac^kish  :  inside  of  mouth  yellow,  with  black  on  lower 
lip  within;  linings  of  ojierdes  black,  bordered  with  pale  orange;  dorsals, 
ciiikImI.  anil  pectorals  with  fine  black  punctulations,  the  ground  color  in 
111!  I  \«"pt  the  spinous  dorsal  faintly  yellowish;  anal  white,  the  anterior 
),iirt  iind  the  tips  of  most  of  the  rays  yellowish,  punctate  with  black;  ven- 
triils  white,  inuuaculate;  a  dark  blotch  behind  orbit  and  another  on  upper 
liiys  (if  pectoral  within.  This  species  is  extremely  close  to  /.  parvipinnis, 
(lifftMinir  only  in  the  characters  above  mentioned.  Panama;  on  sandy 
sJKiri's  .ither  common,  (revms,  oar;  fero,  I  hear,  from  the  long  pec- 
torals,) 

Ixniiistliii.^  lemi/cr,   .Tnni)AN   &    (lUJtEKT,  Hidl.  V.  S.  Fieli.  Comni.  1881,   320,   Panama. 

(Tvpr,  No.  20160,  1'.  S.  N.  M.     Coll.  Gilbert.) 
An'h"si"ii  nmi/ei;  iIokoan  &  Eioenmann,  I.  c,  :153,  1880. 

1772.  IMU'ISTHl'S  PAKVIIMNMS  (Cnvicr  >t  ValencionneH). 

Ilciel  3 J :  depth  3*.  D.  VIII-I,  21 ;  A.  IT,  16  or  17;  scales  about  KX),  -.">2 
to  r>l  pores.  IJody  much  compressed;  pt-ctorals  shorti-sh,  the  upper  rays 
jonjji'st,  l.i  in  head;  upper  canines  very  long,  recurved;  three  canines  on 
tilt;  siiics  of  the  lower  jaw;  ba.se  of  soft  dorsal  1|  times  length  of  base  of 
aniil;  distance  between  dorsals  about  eijual  to  diameter  of  eye;  caudal  tin 
siilitniiu.ite;  color  ilark  plumbeous  above,  rest  of  body^  yellowish-white; 
no  axillary  spot;  an  indistinct  elongate  dark  blotch  from  behind  the  eye 
to  middle  of  opercle.  Coast  of  Brazil,  north  to  Cayenne.  Only  the  orig- 
inal type  of  this  sjn'cies  in  the  Museum  of  Paris  has  been  examined  by  us. 
This  seems  to  be.  identical  with  the  species  well  figured  by  Steindachner 
under  flie  name  Isophlhiin  affhiiH,  and  from  Steindachner's  description  and 
figure  our  account  has  been  chiefly  drawn.     (2)arvu8,  small ;  j/innrt,  fin.) 

Aneiilmiiii)  parvipinnix,  CuviER  &  Vai.enciknnks,  Hist.  Nat.  Poies.,  v,  84,  1830,  Cayenne ; 

(U'XTIlKU,  Cut.,  n,  312,  1860. 
hopistlins  (iilinii,  Steindaciinek,  Heuksch.  Mat.  Nat.  Kais.  \ca(\.  Wisa.  1879,  43,  pi.  2, 

tii;.  2,  Porto  Alcgre. 
hoiiiethm pannpiniiis,  JoRVAy.  Prof.  .\c.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  18>'3, 289;  reexaniinatiou  uf  type. 
.\rchosei<,n  iiarvijiinniH,  .Tohdan  \-  Eioenmann,  /. c,  3I>3,  1889. 


i:s 


1400  niiUdin  //,  United  States  Nixthnol  .l/usnnii. 


ill ;;  I 


571.  BUCCONE,  .Ionian  iV  Kveriiiiinn. 
Bueconf,  Jouhan  .V  Kvkkmann,  CliwkLiHi,  ;iU4,  l«l)(l  {iiniil,iii,riii.i). 

This  ;rcnuH  is  »'I<me  to  fhinoaoion,  <lilV«Miii;,'  IVitin  it  cliioliy  in  tiio  fDrni  nf 
tlio  mouth,  wiiicij  is  liir/;i',  ohlitpie,  thr  h)\v<'r  Jiiw  h'ss  proji'ctin;;  and  li  s.s 
producml  at  H.vuii)ii,V8i8;  it  is  also  very  <1<'«|*  at  haso,  tliti  articuhitimi  di 
thi-  tninxlihh'  inalxin^ii  niarkeil  an^h' with  tiie  v  «Mitral  ontlint^;  body  iiukIi 
nioifi  compniSHed  than  in  ('ifHDsiioii,  th«5  lutt^al  limi  nioro  stron^'ly  an!:,.  |, 
l'H«Mth)hranchia-  snuill,  HuniotinicH  olisoh-te  on  onti  sido.  Onu  Hiiccics. 
(liiHotie,  i\w  Sjiunish  name,  fnnii  hwn,  nionth;  Latin  biiooo,  hmrouiK,  wiii,. 
mouthed.) 

177:1.  ltl'4'('0\K  I'KDIMTOItIA  (Ionian  .v  Oillwrl). 

(UnCONK.) 

lleud3A;  duptli  I ;  cyii  7A  in  head;  snout  1;.  I).  I.\-I,l!t;  A.l,!>;  scih-s 
about  (15.  Month  hir>;e,  oxtrenudy  oldi(|Uc,  the  nnixillary  rt'iuhinn  mim 
siderahly  ltey<uid  eye,  its  leufjth  2',  in  head;  body  robust,  tleejter^  hea\  hi, 
and  witli  the  ba(d<  more  elevated  than  in  any  species  of  I'unoscion;  anti  rjoi 
protile  (hspressed  above  the  eye,  so  tlial  tiie  snout  jtrojeets;  snout  sliort, 
not  very  acute,  head  tiiicker  tiian  in  other  species,  the  intrrorbital  s\,Arv 
e<|ual  to  h'Ujjth  of  snout;  maxilhiry  very  broad,  its  tip  (i  in  head;  (  aniiics 
li,  short  and  stout;  lateral  teeth  of  lower  jaw  moderate;  gill  lakt^is 
.(■-j- 10,  rather  lonj;  and  slender,  the  lonjj;est  f  ey(^;  pseuilobr.'inehia  (iitcii 
obsolete  on  one  side;  dorsal  spines  hif;h,  the  longest  li,',,  in  head;  .suit  iloi 
sal  moderately  sealy,  the  distal  half  of  its  rays  larj;ely  naked;  miilillr 
rays  of  caudal  produced;  i>eetorals  li  in  head;  ventrals  a  trille  slimid, 
Color  ])ale,  bluish  above,  silvery  below;  axil  and  inside  of  opercje  a  little 
<lu8ky.  Coast  of  Panam.i.  The  types  .md  cotypes,  three  si)eciMieii8,  tin' 
largest  nearly  2  feet  in  length,  at  Cambridge.  Numerous  others  have  bci n 
since  taken  by  Dr.  (Jilbert.     {priviUitorin..  ]»redatory.) 

Cettiriis  jinvilaloihis,  Jokdan  \  (llMiKur.  in  .Iouhan  \-  Kkjen.mann.  Ktnicwof  the  Sciieni. 
,lie,  ;t63, 188!»,  Panama.     (TyiH-,  No.  lOHOl,  M.  C.  /..     ('oil.  A -iJis.siz.) 

572.  CYNOSCION,  Gill. 
(Wkak-Fisuks.) 

Centrfiiii,  (ilto.vow,  Cat.  Fisli.,  Kd.liray,  10,  IM4  {carnlineiiiiiii      )irhiil<isus) ;  iireo('<iiiiii  il  liy 
Ccstreiis.  Mct.'Lloi.I.A.M),  Journ.  Nut.  Hist.,  11,  IS.")!,  IHt'J.aii  Kawt  Indian  jjeniis  of  ;;olees 
I'rioiiohufin,  ISl.KKKini. 

i'linii^eicn,  GlU.,  I'loe.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  18fi2, 18  (rc<iiilis). 

AiLii'iiiUihranchiis.  Gii.i.,  Troc.  Ai;.  Nat.  Sei.  I'liila.  18ii'J,  18  iturriif      acoiipa). 

Atiadoseion.  Ciiu.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  1802.  18  {iriniileiin). 

Body  elongate,  little  compressed,  the  back  not  elevated.  Head  coiiie;il, 
rather  ])ointed;  mouth  very  large,  termii\al,  not  very  obli(|ne,  the  Imvei 
jaw  )»rojecting,  the  symphysis  produced,  the  angle  at  base  of  niaxilhiiy 
not  prominent.  Maxillary  very  broad.  Teeth  sharp,  not  closely  set.  in 
rather  narrow  bands;  tip  of  the  lower  jaw  without  canines;  npjn  1  jaw 
with  2  long  canines,  1  of  which  is  souK'tinies  obsolete;  canines  laiiciin;' 


;iL 


Jordan  and  livcrniann. — Fishes  of  Notth  .  Innriai.      1101 

froin  •)aHO  to  tip;  liitiiriil  teeth  of  lower  . jaw  liirn«»r  tliiiii  niitt-rior.  I're- 
iiiicn  !<•  with  iiH  mciiihraiiaoiMiUM  odj^o  Hvrnihitf,  tlio  lioiio  <'iitirc.  I.ow«m- 
|ili;ii\  lineal  IioiiuH  aupiU'iitM,  their  t«>eth  all  poiutril.  (iill  rukerH  strong;, 
r.iilier  lou>^.  Vertehru- al)o«t  1 1  +  10  (iiiHlou<l  of  l(>-f  11  as  in  Sri.inuida 
iiiiciiilly).  I'scmlohranohiji-  woll  (hvelopud;  <lorHiil  Hpiiics  Hleiiilrr,  th(' 
liiis  L'lojfly  foiitiK'iotiH;  aiiul  HpincH  1  or  li,  very  fe«'lilt>,  tin-  Hoft  niyH  7  h» 
I,!;  secuii*l  dofHal  long  and  hnv,  mure  than  twicr  lungtli  of  iiiial;  ventrals 
iiiscrlod  beh)W  p^ctoralH,  th»<  pu'oic  bono  ionj^  and  Htronj?;  randal  lin  snl»- 
tiiiiMiito  or  Inuutc.  Large  lislies  cliielly  of  the  waters  of  America,  clostly 
icliiitd  to  the  <)M  World  gtMiUH  (HoUihnx,  from  wliirh  tiiey  aro  diHtinguiHhod 
liv  tiin  iihHonce  of  canines  in  tlie  lower  jaw.  All  of  tlioni  rank  high  a8  food 
lislits;  the  Ih'sh  iH  rich,  bnt  in  soino  Hpecies  tender  and  easily  torn;  hcpco 
till' iiopiilar  nain«i  \Veak-fiHiie.s.  {kvijJI',  dog;  ox/oc,  Sciiviia;  the  nio«lern 
(iicfk  name  of  I'mbrina  cirrlioHa.) 


{;v.\(i-i  ION: 
II.  SialcM  not  vtii'v  sniall,  tlu;  lateral  lino  having  ^'t  to  75  poroH,  tlic  inuiilxTof  trausvorHu 
scrii's  riiiisiiiy;  fioiii  55  to  85,  Imuiih  not  much  in  exicsM  of  tlio  nimibiT  of  jiorcs; 
lieiiil  I'oiiiiiresHed,  not  truly  conical;  upper  jaw  willi  (liHtiiict  canines,  the  liaml  ot 
tcitli  in  tho  upin'riaw  rather  narrow,  tlie,  lower  teetli  sniall  and  in  lew  HcricH  in 
fiinil,  iarycr  inul  uniacrial  on  the  8iil«s. 
ii.  Soft  rays  of  tlie  dorHal  ami  anal  more  or  lohs  closely  Hcaleil ;  ({ill  rnkerH  com- 
])aratively  long  and  Hlender,  0  to  \2  on  the  lower  part  of  the  arch,  the  loUi^CMt 
iit  least  4  the  diameter  of  tlu!  eye. 
c.  Sol't  don  al  of  '20  to  2;i  rays. 

(/.  Catdal  fin  rhombic,  the  middle  rayh  considerably  produced. 

e.  Snout  Hliort,  bluntiHli,4^  in  head;  mouth  Hniall,  little  oblicpie,  tho 

canines  iiuite  small;  color  ])ale,  with  faint  darker  streaks:  axil 

pale, pseudobranchiie  aomutimes  wanting.     1).  IX-I,  'JO;  A.  1, 

8.  Acoii'A,  1774. 

ee.  Snout  long,   about  3}  in  head;  nuixillary  reaching  beyond  eye; 

pectoral  shortish,  Ijj  in  head;  color  uniformly  silvery;   axil 

brown.    D.  VIII-I,'21  or  2'J;  .\.II,  10.        .stiUA.MiiMNNis.  1775. 

dd.  Caudal  fin  deeply  lunate;  the  middle  rays  shorter  than  the  upper 

ones :  coloration  plain  ;  maxillary  reaching  beyond  eye.    I).  IX-I, 

23;  A.  II,  10.  OTIIONOI'TEBl  s,  1770. 

cc.  Soft  dorsal  of  20  to  '29  rays;  caudal  tin  subtruncato  or  double-truncate,  the 

middle  rays  but  slightly  produced. 

/,  Coloration  nearly  uniform  silvery. 

</.  Caudal  truncate;  body  slender,  the  dejith  more  than  4  in  length  ; 
8uout  short;  maxillary  not  reaching  beyond  eye.  D.  X-I,  27; 
A.  1, 11.  oni.K^iATU.s,  1777. 

(jg.  Caudal  wt^akly  double-concave ;  body  deep,  the  depth  3J  to  3J  in 
length. 
h.  Snout  long,  lij  in  head,  longer  than  eye.    .iamaipensis,  177'<. 
hh.  .Snout  short.  44  in  head,  shorter  than  eye.    1).  X-1,  '27  to  21), 
A.  II,  9  or  10.  NOTMIS,  177!). 

//.  Coloration  brownish  silvery  above,  with  many  dark  brown  spots, 
arranged  in  undulating  streaks;  bo<ly  more  or  less  compressed; 
eye  moderate,  5  to  7  in  head;  maxillary  I'xti nding  to  below  pos- 
terior margin  of  eye,  2i  in  head;  canines  large;  color  brownish 
silvery,  with  u'idescent  reflections,  and  marked  with  many  small, 
rather  irregular  dark-brown  spots,  some  of  which  form  undulat- 
ing lines  running  upward  and  backward ;  upper  tins  dusky,  lower 
yellowish. 
3030 11 


I     t^ 


Hii 


I    !-J 


'      l^ 


•       A- 


I! 

1 

t 

',  I 


*i.  1 


14()2  liullvtiH  /7.  /  V/ZAv/  .S'A/A.v  National  Museum. 


i.  Hiuiiit  not  <  cry  Mliitrp,  ulioiit  4|  (4  to  4.U  i>>  li<*<><l '  Kill  rnk»ri<  I'li^ 

anil  Hitjiili-r,  iiHiiiilly  •>     K*  lo   r<2  in   mimiiIxt;  nirniliriiiit  .  o|' 

Mot'l    iloi'HJil  iiMil  iiniil    niort"  or  Icmh  rloinly  Mcnly,  tim  nf.iWn 

rt'lllllly  llrciilllollH.  UKll.VI.IH,   I'Hii. 

a.  Snout  v(try  Hliiir|i.  Il'l  to  'Aji,  In  Irn^tli  of  hi'iiil :  ^111  riiiicrH  hIihi  t, , 

ratlirr  Hli<nili'r,  4  {  H  or  U  in  niiinlicr;  iiK^inliniiH'  ot'Hot't  iloisui 

iin<l  nnitl  with  vnry  (Vw  Hrnlcn,  tln'Hc  ri'iKlily  ilociiliinuH. 

TIIAI.AHMINIH,   17>|, 

bli.  Soft  rayH  of  tlio  ilomal  and  uiial  Hrali'k'HM;  iiill  rukiirH  roniparativi'lv  mIio,  i  .imi 
tliii'kiMli,  iiHiially  not  lon^'rr  lliun  ])ii|ill,  anil  but  0  to  H  on  lowor  liinl)  oiii,,. 
ari'li. 
j.  Coloraliiin  nol  unilorni,  KriiyiHli  iintl  Hilvory,  the  liark  willi  dUtinrt  il^uKir 
MpotH,  lini'M.   or  ri'tiiMilationM;  cainlal  tin  truncati',  or  HiiKlitly  douliii 
roncave. 
A'.  Soft  ilorHal   iininariilati^    liack   anil    hIiIi'h  covfritil   with  tlark  Ihovmi 
Ht°  MikH  and  rrtiriilation><  which  ohMciiro  ilic  )rroiiiiil  color,  '  .im 
dally  alio\c  the  lateral  line;  lateral  line  in  a  ]ial«  Htreak.  bonliinl 
alxive   nnil   hclow    hy    a    ilarkcr   onii;    lower    partH  ((ilver\     Hiim 
unHpotteil:  lioily  <1cep;  nnout  not  Hharp.  pectorals  l;'j  in  licail     I). 
X-I,  28;    A.  II,  9.  KKTIOUI.ATIS.  ITv.i 

kk.  Soft  (lornal  tin  with  conHpletioiiH  roiin<1  ItlackHpotH;  hack  anil  ^idcs 
covcroil  with  Hiniilar  HjiotH  Hnialler  than  the  ]>n|)il,  larj;er  \\\:\i\ 
thoHO  on  the  tinH;  Hiiont  acute,  much  lonK*«'  than  eye;  pecinnil 
2,1  in  heail.    I).  X-I,  2.)  to  27;   A.  II,  10.  NEIHII.nsirs,  17S;i 

jj.  Coloration  nearly  uniform,  liluixli  ^rny  ahovo,  silvery  helow;  no  di.Miinci 
HpotH,  on  body  or  fiuH. 
{.  ('audal  fin  Homewhat   I'lnate  in  the  adult,  the  middle  rayn  HlKirtcsi. 
althou;:h  more  or  Ichs  |)roiluced  in  theyonn^';  ])ectorMl  lin  >Ii<>m 
not  reachii.h'  tipn  of  vcntralH.     1).  X-I,  22  or  2:1;  A.  II,  10. 

I'AUVIIM.NMS    ITS! 

II.  Caudal   tin   alwnyH  doiihle-truncate   or  donhle-concave,  the  iniililli' 
rayn  Momewhat  produced. 
m.  I'octoral  fiuH  reaching  nearly  or  (|uite  to  tlie  tipH  of  vciiir.-iK 
their  lenifth  nu)rc  than  .J  lirad. 
n.  Second  ilorHal  of  20  or  21  rayg. 

y.  Scales  Huiall  (12-Hfi  a-),  the  number  of  jioros  in  iln' 
lateral  line  about  70;  head  rather  lon^',  inni- 
j>resHed  and  pointed:  body  slender;  eye  l;irj;i'; 
pectorals  1:;  in  head.     1).  IX-I,  20;  A.  II,  8. 

xANTiiri,r>.  17>:p. 

00.  Scales   moderate  (K-0(i-18),    the  pores   in  Ihe  liltiiil 

line  about  0:t;  hitad  larue,  bliiiitish;  body  kiIhihI: 

snout  short,  4  to  4J  in  head.     I).  X-I.  21;  A.  11,!). 

Ai.m>,  iTsii. 

nn.  Second  dorsal  of  24  rays;  scales  rallior  lar;;e,  in  K")  siiics, 

the   number   of  ]iores   about  55;    snout  sharp.   1^  in 

head;  ur.ixillary  2.nii  head ;  body  robust;  gill  nikim 

2|!);  caudal  double-truncate;    jtectorals  U  in  IhmiI: 

color  Kri'.V.  unmarked.  mAcdonai.ih,  IT.'^T 

mm.  Pectoral  fins  short,  reaching  little  past  middle  of  v(iiliiil>. 

their  length  nol  more  than  J  head;  body  eliuigatc:  Himiit 

sharp,  4  in  head.     I).  X-I,  21 ;  A.  II,  !).    tiTor.ZMA.VM   I78>. 

Atuactoscion  {aTpatcTo^,  spindle;  o-icioi',  Srio-na): 

ait.  Scales  comparatively  small;  the  number  of  pores  in  the  lateral  line  70  to  DO,  imil 

very  much  less  than  the  number  of  transverse  rows,  which  is  from  H.'i  to  l'i1; 

teeth  of  upper  Jaw  in  a  rather  broad  band,  1  to  4  of  them  usually  moie  or  less 

canine-like,  the  canines  generally  sinall,  and  sometimes  wholly  disajiiicariii^' 

with  age;  lateral  teeth  of  lower  Jaw  not  much  enlarged;  gill  rakers  nsiially 

small  and  short. 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1403 

u,  (,'ttudul  tin  liinalii  ur  Hiibtruncntei  ni'uIch  not  very  Hinall;  head  iiiori'  orlfim  tlia- 
tlnc^tly  I'onioul,  not  rluttuiK'il  »lM>vti|  Mot't  ilorMul  wltliUl  to  23  ray*. 
(/,  Soft  (lornnl  wliolly  HriilolcHH. 

r.  I'cctoriil  till  riithrr  l<>iiK<  morn  than  \  Iii'imI;  ItoHh  tinii:  Hiuh'^  of  hIiIuh 

of  hi'iul  not  Milvcry ;  hciiil  pointi'il;  miioiU  Ioii^',  Hhiiip,  :<;{  in  head; 

caiiiiiil  Innate;  color  pale,  yuiin;;  with  (lurk  (Tohh  ImiikIh;  uilimky 

Npotinaxil.     D.  X,  2lor2'.';  A.  II,  U.  Nniiii.is.  ITHU. 

tr.  Pectoral  liiis  Hhort,   not  more  than  4  hMi^th  of  lieiiil;   IIchIi  rather 

HoCi ;  Hides  of  htmd  hriuht  silvery;  head  very  iennlaiiy  conical, 

pointed,  taperint;.  scarcely  (m>iii pressed  ;  snont  very  acute;  11)  in 

held;  canines  i|iiito  Hniall,  usually  Ititl  1  present,  and  this  dis- 

appearintr  with  a;;u;  eyo  sninll,  7^  in  head;  body  sleiider,  hiiIiI'ii- 

silbrni,  inederately  eoin]iresHed.    Scales  small,  iill  cycloid,  those 

on  liead  eiiilicddetl  and  hrJKht  silvery;  pecloials  and  vent rals 

alioiit  equal    12  In   head;   caudal  lunate.    Color  Kiavish  aliove, 

with  liri);lit  rellectionn;   inside  of  nioulli  deep  orange  yellow; 

liniiiH  of  opercle  black;  axil  brownish.      I'IIii.xix^ei'IIAI.Us,  17110. 

1/7.  t4oft  dorsal  tin  with  its  lower  ]iortlon  covered  wit  h  small,  caducous  H<'ulen. 

ISody  com])reBMed;  head  compouud-coiUc;  canines  small,  both  iires- 

«nt;  poctonilH  2  in  head;  caudal  weakly  double  truncate.    L>.  IX,  I, 

21  to2:i;  A.  II,  10.  I.KIAmilUS,  1701. 

;7<.  Caudal  lln  rhombic  or  S-sbaped,  Ihi^  iiiiddlu  rays  produced,  the  upper  lobe 

usually  ])(diitcd ;  soft  dorsal  with  23  to  2H  riiys. 

».  Soft  dorsal  entirely  naked;  anal  with  u  few  scales;  body  long  and  low, 

spindlO'Sliapcd;  head  depressed  above;  mouth  larjj;e;  <:aniiies  present, 

short  and  thick;  eye  small,  caudal  S->^litiI>()d,  the  middle  rays  louj^est; 

pectorals  \\  in  head;  Hcnles  very  HUiall.    D.  X-I,  28;  A.  I,  8. 

viuk.s(;kn8,  1702. 
,v,<.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  llus  densely  scaly  tliroiif;liout;  teeth  all  small,  thu 
canines  moderate;  scales  very  siiiall;  pectoral   \\  in  head;   caudal 
S-sbuped;  color  K't't^iilsb,  silvery  below.    D.  Xl-I,2a:  A.  11,0. 

MlCUOLBriUOTUS,  1793. 

Subgenus  CYNOSCION. 
1774.  t'YXOS€IO\  AtOUl'A*  (Lacepec'e). 

(ACOUPA;   TOEKOE.) 

Head  ;V|;  depth  4;  eyo  5?;  snont  1^  J).  X-I,  20:  A.  I,  8;  scales  6t!. 
Mdiitli  iiioderatt',  not  very  ohliqne;  tb«'  ma.xiUaiy  reacbiug  little  beyond 
lyc,  its  lenjrtb  about  2jr  in  bead.  Snout  sboi't,  bluntisli ;  nioutb  smaller 
;iiul  IcHs  oblique  tban  in  most  of  tbe  spech'S,  tbe  canines  quite  small;  tbo 
hitural  tcotb  of  lower  Jaw  smaller  and  more  nearly  equal  tban  in  otbers; 
lower  jiiw  a  little  protruding;  nuixillary  extending  to  posterior  margin  of 
ivo,  2j  ill  bead;  gill  rakers  ;^-f- 10,  l«)ng  and  slender,  tbose  near  tbe  angle 
riithcr  long,  if  eye,  tbe  otbers  rapidly  sbortt'iied  ;  eye  large;  soft  dorsal 
iiud  aniil  scantily  scaled,  tb(!  distal  balf  largely  naked,  tbe  fins  ratber 
lii;;h,  tbe  longest  soft  rays  2^  in  bead;  caudal  pointed;  pe<-torals  IHn 
head,  not  reaching  tips  of  ventrals;  color  pale,  witb  faint  darker  streaks 
ailing  sides  of  back;  axil  pale;  opercle  dusky  witbin.     Atlantic  coast  of 


•  Till'  .•'t;itoiuent  is  made  by  Dr.  (liinther  that  this  species  lacks  psendobriinchiic,  and  on 
till!)  asHri'tioii  Dr.  Gill  has  proposed  for  it  the  generic  name  Aptcudob ranch u».  It  is 
inii'  in  thiH  as  in  other  species  of  Vi/noicion  that  the  nscudobranclii.e  become  smaller  witb 
am>.  Usiiiilly  they  become  (in  old  specimens)  obsolete  on  one  side  wbile  they  are  jier- 
I'ectly  »viili'iit  on  the  other  This  is  the  case  with  all  the  old  specimens  of  this  species 
wliicli  we  liave  examined,  and  it  is  true  also  in  several  others  of  the  larger  species.  The 
geuuii  Sptcudubranchut  is  strictly  synonymous  with  Cyno»cion. 


'    if    > 


;'i'     t 


I 


14(M  linllitin  /7,  I  'nilcii  States  Xntional  Afuscinn. 


n. 


,(,,s!;;: 


•MM 


Month  Aiiiorini,  l(rii/il  iiortli  to  Voiify:ii»lii;  i;«>iioriill.v  foinmon;  tho  nimtI. 
iiioiiH  Ik'i-i'  <l<'si't'il)U(l  ( li)S!l2  M.C,  Z.)  I'ruui  Cuchliiru.  i^Avouim,  n  Tortii- 
^uuNo  niiiiiu  ill  (iiiiuiui.) 

I'lieiliiiliitieniH  airmiitit,  La('i:im:i)K,  II IM.  Nat.  Poisii.,  ill.  540, 180'.',  Cayenne. 
I.uljainn  citufniimtiit,  I.A<  ii'iui:,  IIIhI.  Nut.  I'oIhm.,  iv,  IIM>  liiiil  L'4.'>,  IHO'J,  Cayenne. 
OiolUliiiM  rhnmbiiiiliilin,  (Ji'MKU,    l{i'){nit  Animal,  Kit.  'J,  II,  173,  iM'iti,  Cayenne;  ImNnl  „|, 

IjlltjdII  ill'  Vaili'lllli',  I.ACKl'i.KK. 
Otnlilhut  loi'ine,  (Jl'VlKU  A  Vai.K.ncik.VNKs,  HImI.  Nill.  I'oIm.,  V,  7'.*,  |>1.  1113,  1HH(»,  Cay.  line; 

HiiiiiK  t,vpr  iiH  Itiitjiiu  ill'  ('ii)ieiuii\  \,M\:\'V.\w.,  Surinam;  Brazil;  Lake  Marai..iibo; 

(M'ViKK  iV  Vai.rm  ii:.nm:h.  IIIhI.  NiiI.  I'oInn.,  ix,478,  IH:i:i. 
Olitlithiin  i-iti,inneiiti!<,  tiCNTiiKii,  Cut.,  Ii,:i01i,  IWld. 
VjinuKeiun  iir<iiii>ii,,]i)UU\N,  I'nic.  I'.H.  Nat.  .Mu«.  lHHtl,!j«8. 
<'e»<reH»  udjupa,  Juuuan  it.  Kiui<:.nmann,  I,  c,  303,  I88U. 

177fi.  rV>OSnO.>  S({IIA.1I1I>I>MS  (<iiinthor). 

Head  31;  d.-pth  I ;  oy«  about  ♦!;  snout  llj.  I>.  VIIl-I,  21  or  U2;  A.  11,10; 
Hcalort  10-70-23.  Mouth  inodmutc,  not  very  oiiliqiir;  Hiiout  loiif?;  iii;ixi|. 
Iiiry  reiicliin);  ii  little  l»«yon«l  i^yo,  its  loii;;th  iibout  2A  inhuad;  pccfipini 
sh(»rtiHh,  Iji  in  h«ad;  lower  Jaw  vciy  jtroiuineut;  lateral  line  liocoiniinr 
straight  o|)|)osit(*  i'roiit  ol'auai;  caudal  rhoinhiiyitH  iiiiddlu  rayHpnxliicnl, 
longer  than  the  outer  raya;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  sraly;  gill  nikeiN  long 
and  sleiidttr  aliout  .i' -f  11 ;  dorsal  s;)in*'H  weak,  the  longest  2A  in  hiad. 
Color,  unilbriu  silvt-ry ;  sides  minutely  punctulate;  axil  hrown;  viiiiiiiIh 
yellowish.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America;  knctwu  from  afew.s|i((i. 
mens  taken  at  J^a  Union  and  Panama;  those  here  described  iu  the  Miihiiiui 
at  Cambridge.     {s<iiiama,  scab';  pinna,  lin.) 

OtulithiiH  tiiiiauiipmniKy  OCntiiku,  FiBlics  Central  Anirrina,  ;iH7  and  429, 1800,  Panama 
CuiioHi-ionniiKiiiiipinn!-,  .T()IM»an  \-  (Ju.hkut,  Proc.  l'.  o.  Nat. Man.  1881,231!. 
Centreitii  mjuamtpinnia,  Jokuan  &.  Uioen.mann,  I.  c,  304, 1881). 

1770.  CVNO.St'ION  OTIIOXOFTEKIS,  Jordan  A,  Gilbert. 

Head  3,'„ ;  depth  I;  eve(>ii  in  head.  D.  IX-I,  23;  A.  II,  10;  scales  Cfi.fiO 
pn'os.  Hody  rather  elon<;ate,  the  b.nck  somewhai  (devated,  the  jnolile 
from  tip  of  snout  to  dorsal  nearly  straight;  caudal  peduncle  rather  loiij; 
and  slender,  its  depth  4  in  head.  Head  long  and  pointed,  compressed,  not 
regularly  conical;  mouth  large,  the  lower  jaw  projecting;  maxiiiury 
broad,  reaching  to  or  a  little  beyond  posterior  margin  of  orbit;  preiiiax- 
illarics  in  front  on  the  level  of  lower  part  of  pupil;  length  of  gape  L'^  in 
head.  Teeth  in  tipper  jaw  in  a  moderate  band  which  becomes  iiiirrowei 
laterally;  upper  jaw  with  2  small  canines,  their  length  scarcely  i  diaiii 
eter  of  pupil;  some  of  the  other  anterior  teeth  enlarged  and  larger  than 
the  latersil  teeth;  teeth  in  lower  jaw  in  a  narrow  band  iu  front,  in  ,i 
single  series  laterally,  the  lateral  teeth  much  larger  than  the  anterior. 
Eye  moderate,  broader  than  preorbital,  narrower  than  maxillary,  its 
diameter  a  little  greater  than  I  interorbital  space;  preopercle  with  its 
membranaceous  border  broad  and  covered  with  small  scales.  Gill  rakt-rs 
long  and  strong,  nearly  as  long  as  eye.  Scales  small,  all  with  contspicnoiis 
membranaceous  edges ;  all  the  tins  excepting  spinous  dorsal  com])letely  cov- 
ered with  small  scales,  thn  bases  of  the  tins  thickened  by  them ;  a  few  acales 


p;' 


Jordan  ami  I^vcrmaun, — lushes  of  North  Anwrica.      I 


4or» 


iruiit  of  HpiiiuiiH  ilorHtil ;  luturiil  linn  coiiNitlinihly  <<iirvu<l  itiit«tr!oi'Iy, 
In  ciiiiiiiiK  i*^'"'*^''^  "*  '*  I"*'"'  '"  *'■'•"*  ••'  '1'*'  vi'iit,  noiir  tlin  origin  of  tli»* 
^,,tt  (l.iiHiil;  dorsal  Hpintm  «'oiii|niriitiv«(ly  loii^;  and  Mfronur,  little  llrxihic, 
tlir  tiiinl  H|)iiifl  BiiKlitl.v  lonK*^!-  tliaii  tlio  Hocoml,  2'|  in  Inn^th  of  lu>nil;  tIrNt 
sniiic  iliort  anil  Hl«n(I»'r,  iiltont  \  length  of  Hccontl;  (lorHulu  n«it  t-onin'ctftl; 
SIM, .11. 1  ilcirsiil  ratlioi  liiul'.  >•»  lonjccHt  ravs  \\\  in  head;  caudal  tin  liirKt-, 
Iiim:ii<',  tliH  iHitt'r  rays  about  \  lon^ur  than  tho  niiddlo  rays,  wliicli  uro  L'j 
j„  1,1' III;  anal  larK*S  as  lon^  as  lii);li,  its  distal  margin  |M*rf«ift1y  straight, 
itM  liiiiU'st  rays  altont  \  lun(i(th  of  liead;  anal  Hpincs  small,  «>iiv<dopud  in 
tilt'  SI  :ily  Hi<in,  thosiM-ond  altont  i  lutij^ht  (d'  llrst  soft  ray;  anal  (in  trrnd- 
iiiitini!  *!oiisid«>ruldy  in  front  of  dorsal;  vt^ntrals  lon^,  not  rnarliin;;  <|nito 
l,,^ll^.,v  to  vent,  tlw'ir  It'n^tli  about  \  that  of  littad;  poctnrals  broad, 
riilln  I  l<»i};<  reachiiiff  a  littlo  boyoud  tips  of  vuntrals,  an<l  <-onlain«>d  I '{  in 
l,.i,,rtli  itf  head.  Slaty-blniHh  ubovo,  8llv«try  holow,  with  bright  ndh-c- 
tioiis:  body  and  ilns  («v*>ry\vhnrti  .  ith  dark  pnn<>tnlations;  tip  uf  chin 
(lai'lv :  liiiH  yidlowish,  tho  nppiu'  all  with  dark  od^ing;  ptM'torals  blackiHii 
on  till  |iiiHt<*rior  side,  tho  axil  nnd  thu  lar^o  axillary  snilo  tinsky ;  l<»wi>r 
jiiw  I'M^'lit  silvTy;  lining;  of  opurclu  dark;  puritononni  ]iale.  licngth  2 
l,.('t.  Ciill'of  California;  known  from  2  lar^e  Mpooimcns  taken  in  thulrulf 
of  (  Jilitornia.     (oUnvyi,  veil;  nrffjoi',  tin,  from  its  gealy  dorsal.) 

fiino$vl"ii  siiuatnipinnii,  Stkkets,  Hull.  U.  S.  Nnt.  Miih,,  vn,  40,  1877,  off  Sun  Ygnacio 
River,  Gulf  of  California;  not  Otiilithun  »iiiiiiiini<iitnit,  (il^NTHKit. 

CuU'ii'K'ii  "Ihoniiptvruiii,  .Iouuan  \  (iu.itBKT,  I'roc.  l',S.  Nat,  Miih,  18m1,  '.•7»,  Punta  San 
Felipe,  Mexico,     (Type,  No. '.'ICIH.'i.    Coll.  I,i.nt.  NIcIioIh.) 

C'ttmi't  "ihiiniiiitentu,  .roiiDA.N  i.V  Ekien.mann,  I.e.,  304,  ISHl), 

1777.  <'YNOS(i<)\  OKI.K^rATVS  (VuUnclunncH). 

Iload  ;il ;  depth  5^^;  eye  '>  in  head;  snout  about  5.  1).  X-I,  27;  \.  I,  11 ; 
scalt'^  •'"•  Caudal  truncate;  body  rather  slender;  maxillary  reaching 
iiostiTJiir  tiiird  of  eye;  pectoral  as  long  as  ventral;  coloration  uniform 
silvi'iy;  scales  of  tins  nndescribed.  (Sauvage.)  Martinique.  This  species 
is  unknown  to  ns.*  The  incroaseil  nnnibcr  of  dorsal  rays  leads  ns  to  place 
it  in  tlic  neighborhood  of  C  nothiis,  with  which  species  the  scanty  de- 
^(•^il)ti(ln  agrees  in  most  respects.  V  ttothim  has,  however,  not  been 
i)'(;orili'(l  ti'om  the  West  Indies.     {obUqiuitiiH,  rendere«l  oblit|ne.) 

otiiUihKx  iiidiiiuatHn  (A'Ai.KNCiKNNEs  MS.)  Sai'vaok,  Hull.  Soc.  I'liilom.  I'liris,  m,  Ih.'O, 

'JUU,  Martinique. 
Vistreiin  iMiqnatvi,  .lORDAN  &  EkiKNMANN,  /.  i'.,  ;105,  1889. 


■  TliP  IdllowinK  is  the  account  publislietl  by  Dr.  SnuvaRC : 

"I'll  iiliitithe  <'tii|ucttc  ilinLs  la  collection  dii  Mutscuni  (ttnlilhiig  ohlimiatiit  ilc  la  main  dtt 
Viilc'iHicMiics,  n'cst  |>a8  dccrit  diius  I'llistoirc  des  I'uisHonH,  Voisinc  dc  Votolitliiin  thalas- 
viMi't  lliillii'..  cctto  cH|)cco  enditl'ci'<;]mr  l<<  ni()ins|;i'an<l  noudirud'ccaillcsala  lij;nc  lalcialo 
it  I'liil  jiliio  urand ;  la  t'oruief^u  la caudalc  la  Hciiaredo  V OtoUthuanothiix  llollir,,  du.'4  nir'niun 
{Kinigi's.    \  nici  la  dia};no.so  dcs  dniiK  cxcni)>lair(;s  recucillis  a  la  Marliniiiiio  ])ar  .M.  Plcc: 

"II.  .\,2K^  A.  I,  U;  L,  lat.  60.  Hauteur  du  corps  coiitenuc  cin<|  t'ois  un  tier.'*.  lon;;ucur 
ili'la  ti'tr  ti'ois  loin  (tt  troi.H  quarts  diiiiH  la  loiiguciir  totalc  dii  c<ir)is  ;  niUHOiiu  un  |icu  plus 
Hvi  (|ur  Ic  iliaiiK^trc  dc  I'lcil,  i|iic  est,  conlcnuc  cinq  foio  dans  la  lon;;ucur  dc  la  tcic; 
inailioirc  iiilVriciirc  ]i1uh  lonituc  que  la  nupcricurc;  dcs  canines  assez  fortes  a  la  niaclioiro 
sii|iirii'iirr  Hi'iilenutnt  -,  niaxillairo  arrivant  aii  niveau  dii  tiers  jiostitrieur  do  I'leil ;  an;'Ui  tin 
|iri'ci]MTriile  arrondi  ct  un  jieu  rejote  en  arriere;  d{«ntp|iires  dii  iireniiercule  bicn  visildes, 
lilu.s  t'ortc-i  :i  I'ani^le.  Caudale  tronquce;  jicctorales  de  nienie  linifjnenr  (jue  les  vtuitralcH. 
Ligni'  latcnile  asse/,  int:urvce  vers  lo  milieu  do  sa  lonf;ueur.  Coloration  unifornii^  Lon- 
),'neur ilu  (Dips  0,200." 


I     I  .  : 


140G  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  A/nseum, 


177H.  I'YXOHCIOM  JANAICKNKIS  (Viiinmit  d^  nocoiirt). 

(MoNdOI.AU  DRrMMKR.) 

Head  ?.;  <loitth  3}  (43  with  caudal) ;  oye  lA  in  head.  D.  X-I,  20  or  L'T;  A 
!,!»;  M<!iil«H  (>;{ ;  nnoiit  I^!^  in  head.  lonji;er  Mian  eye;  niaxilhiry  to  below  niiddli. 
<if  pnjtil,2i  inhead;  lower  Jii w  projcctiug;  dupthof  head  over  hitid<>r  mar- 
gin ol"  eye,  \%  in  its  length.  A  single  largo  canine  iu  front  of  npp«'r  j;  w, 
\  or  .5  small  teelh  on  side  of  lower  Jaw,  other  ttieth  few  and  Binall; 
tongue  free  at  end  and  sides,  with  abroad  median  groove;  slit  of  |i(j>tr- 
rior  nostril  nearly  vertical.  Gill  rakers  S+T,  the  longest  .1  eyo.  <)])ii(.u- 
lar  (lap  extending  beyond  upper  base  of  pectoral;  preopercle  with  a 
menibriuoiis  margin.  Doritals  contiguous;  membrane  of  anal  N(al('(| 
almost  to  tin,  that  of  dorsal  about  halfway.  Scales  wtakly  ctenoid, 
those  on  top  of  head  irregular  in  ni/e.  Pectorals  about  equal  in  l(>ii<rt]| 
to  ventrals,  1.V  in  head;  caudal  doubly  concave,  middle  rays  K>:i;,'('sr. 
Curve  of  lateral  line  gradual,  becoming  straight  behind  the  fourth  (inrsal 
ray.  Color  in  alcohol,  very  dark  olive  above,  the  entire  sides  with  golden 
luster,  paler  below;  dorsals,  pectorals,  and  caudal  lightly  punctate, 
lower  tins  colorless.  This  species  i^  closely  related  to  Cynoseion  oblitiuatus, 
ditferiug  in  having  the  caudal  doubly  concave,  and  the  anal  with  luit  !i 
rays,  and  especially  in  its  much  more  robust  form.  Jamaica.  Hiit 
described  from  4  specimens  8  to  10  inches  long,  sent  us  by  Rev.  .loscjdi 
Seed  Roberts,  of  Kingston,  .Tamaica. 

OtiilUhut  jamaicentig*  Vaillant  i-  Hocoukt,  Miss.  Sci.  au  Muxiqiitt,  Poissons,  ITiti.  1874 

Jamaica.     (Tyim,  No.  A,  557,  AIii.'*.  Paris.    Coll.  F.  JJoconrt.) 
Ciiv ncion  jammeengiH,  JonuAN  &  Ui'TTKR,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1897, 114. 

177».  CYNOSnOX  XOTIirS  (llolbrook). 

(Bastahd  Weakfisii.) 

Head  3.J :  depth  3^;  eye  4;  snout  1.1.  D.  X-I,  27  to  29;  A.  II,  9  or  10; 
scales  G-58  to  62-7.  Caudal  weakly  double  concave;  body  rather  deep; 
eye  very  large,  equal  to  interorbital  width;  body  more  compressed  than 
in  other  species,  the  back  somewhat  elevated ;  snout  rather  short,  not  very 
acute,  mouth  smaller  than  in  related  species;  maxillary  2i  in  hc.<^d,  reach- 
ing to  Itelow  posterior  margin  of  pnpil ;  gill  rakers  long  and  slender,  l-f!l, 
th<^  longest  i<'ye;  lower  pharyngeals  very  slender ;  dorsal  fins  contigu- 
ous; membrane  of  soft  dorsal  scaled  to  its  tips;  scales  weakly  ottMioid; 
litteral  line  much  curved  anteriorly,  becoming  straight  under  srvcntli 
dorsal  spine.  Color  grayish  silvery,  thickly  punctulate  above  and  (ni 
sides  to  level  of  pectorals,  then  abruptly  silvery,  a  row  of  dark  ])oiut«i 


*Tlio  following  is  the  substance  of  the  originiil  account  of  Cynoseion  jamaieensin : 
Head  4;  depth  41.  D.  X-1,  25:  A.  11,9.  Scales  6-59-lH.  Body  inoderately  elcvald! 
lower.jaw  projecting;  snout  nearly  3  iu  htail;  maxillary  reaching  nearly  to  opposiin  iiiid 
(lie  of  i',ye;  eye  equal  to  inttaorliitiil  space,  41  in  head  ,  preopercle  rounJed ;  scales  iiMidcr 
ate;  latisral  line  rising  anteriorly  almost  to  upper  fourth  of  depth  of  body,  bi'iomiii;' 
medial'  uiider  fourth  s(»lt  ray  of  dorsal ;  soit  dorsal  scaly.  Vent  at  end  of  third  lillli  ol 
total  length.  Dorsal  spines"  feeble,  the  fourth  longest,  nearly  J  head;  anal  spiuen  very 
weak,  the  second  IJ  iu  eye:  ])ectoral  IJ  in  head,  reaching  tips  of  vtfiitrals.  Caudal 
shortish,  th>  middle  rays  longest.  No  pseudobranchia'  (in  type).  Color  plain  silvery  in 
spirits,  without  markings. 
Jamaica;  one  specimen  m.  240  in  length.     (Vnillant  &  Bocourt.) 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1407 


iii.irkiii};  the  lino  ot'diviHion;  Huout  and  tip  of  lov/or  Jaw  blackiHh;  inuutli 
u  liitf  witiiin;  lower  Una  white,  ni)[»(!r  dusky.  Hoiith  Atlantic  and  (Jiill" 
i(.;ist.s  of  I'nitctl  Statt's;  rather  rare  at  Charleston;  a  very  well  marked 
spccieH,  dilfrrinjj;  in  nnniorous  rospetits  from  the  others,  rifialia,  thalansi»ii>i, 
iirhiiloHus,  *ound  in  the  sanio  waters.  The  spociniens  hero  dcscril)ed  are 
froMi  Charleston.     {yoOo?,  bastard.) 

(iiilithiii  notliiis,  HountooK,  Iclitli   S.  Cgirolina,  i:U,  pi.  iu,  ii^.  '.,  tHfiO,  South  Carolina; 
(iC.NTiiKK,  (;at.,  n,  308,  mv). 

CuiinKi-vni.  HotltKg,   OOODB  &   1$KAN,   Proc.    H.   S.   Nat.   iM;iH.  187!t,   mi;  .loUIlAN  A  (ilLllKUT, 

SynopHift,  1)80,  1883. 
Cittiim  noinlit,  JOUDAN  &  KKIICN&.ANN,  I.e.,  MO,  1889. 

1780.  €YN0S('10.\  RK(JAIJS  (Itloch  \- .Schnniilor). 

((JOM.MON    WEAKKICH;   Syl'KTEAOUEj    "SEA  TUOUT.") 

ll(>ad  ;H;  depth  4^;  eye  about  H  in  snout,  5  to  7  in  hejMl;  snout  4  to  IJ. 
I).  \-I,  L'6  to  29;  A.  II,  U  to  13;  ecalea  «»-56-ll.  Maxillary  roaiihiug  to 
bi'vi'iid  pupil,  2,';  in  head;  teeth  stiarp,  in  narrow  bands;  canines  large. 
Pectorals  short,  scarcely  reaching  tips  of  ventrals,  a  litt'e  more  than  ^ 
k'ii;;tli  of  head;  lon<,,»t  dorsal  spine  as  long  as  maxillary,  uot  J  length 
oi'hn.Kl ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly,  the  scales  caducous.  Gill  rakers  long 
Mild  sbarp,  5  +  11  in  number.  Color  silvery,  darker  above  and  marked 
witli  many  small,  irn-gnlar  dark  blotches,  some  of  which  form  undulating 
liiii  s  niiming  downward  and  forward;  back  and  hea«l  with  bright  reflee- 
♦ioiis;  dorsal  and  caudal  fins  dusky;  ventrals,  anal,  and  lower  edjje  of 
liiiidiil  yellowish,  sometimes  speckled.  Atlantic  and  (Julf  coast  of  the 
rnitcd  States  from  Cape  Cod  southward  to  Mobile;  very  abundant  on 
siiudy  shores,  not  found  about  rocks.  It  is  highly  valued  iin  a  food-lish, 
tbt)  liesh  being  rich  an«l  d«dicate.  Its  flesh,  like  that  of  most  species 
of  tho  genuij,  is  very  tend^-r  and  easily  torn,  hence  the  common  name 
Woiikfish.  On  the  Carolina  coast  it  has  received  thv.  very  inappropriate 
iiaiiio  "Sea  Trout."  The  bluefish  (I'omatomuH)  is  especially  destructive 
to  individuals  of  this  species,  the  two  inhabiting  the  same  waters  and 
often  taken  togeuher.  {regalis,  royal ;  snggested  by  the  name  "  Kingtish," 
whiih  belongs,  however,  to  Menticirrhua.) 

Ji'hiniis  injalU,  Blooh  &  Sch.neidkk,  Syst.  Iclith.,  75,  1801,  New  York. 

liiici-iix  cdiiifs,  MiTCUli.L,  Iteport,  in  part,  i^'islios  New  York,  26, 1814,  New  York. 

Ldhnm  Hniii'teague,  MiTCHiLL,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil.  Sec.  New  York  1815,  390,  pi.  2,  fig.  1, 

New  York. 
Otidltliiit  reijalit,  Ci'viEK  &  Valenciennes,  Uiat.  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,  67, 1830. 
C'nim'ion  resale,  GiLi.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  S<:i.  Pliila.  1862, 18;  Jordan  &  (iiLBEKT,  Synopsis, 

.isl,  1883. 
Vi'ittnus  reijalis,  Jordan  &.  Kigenmann,  I.  c,  366,  pi.  1,  1889. 

17S1.  C¥.\OS(;iON  THALASKIXUS  (Holbrook). 

Tlio  form  called  OtoUihus  thalasHinua  l)y  Ilolbrook  has  not  l)een  rocog- 
iii/ed  by  later  eolleetors,  and  it  has  usually  been  considered  identi<'al 
with  C.  regalis.  A  specimen  taken  by  Mr.  Silas  Stearns  at  Pensaeola  seems 
to  iiiiswer  to  Holbrook's  description,  and  we  have  found  2  similar  spoi-i- 
meus  in  the  museum  at  Cambridge,  one    (No.  438,  M.  C.  Z.)  from  Pass 


1  \ 


I 

.    I 
i    i 

i    i 


I    ' 


I  _: 

i,  ; 
I  ; 


i  n 


1408  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


in 


I  !■!■  ; 


W  i 


il! 


,.(  .  li 


Christian,  Minsiasippi,  tlio  other  from  Ilatnptou  IloiulH,  Virginia,  'ilu) 
ouly  tlifterential  characters  wliich  wo  have  noted  ar«)  given  above  in  tlifi 
analysis  of  spo('i"8.  Cynoscion  thttlasHiuus  may,  porliapH,  he  found  to 
inhabit  a  different  depth  of  watev  than  that  which  tlie  common  Weal<lisli 
freciuents.  For  the  present  we  may  treat  the  2  as  distinct  spctics. 
Depth  4^;  head  'Ah;  D.  X-I,  21;  A.  II,  11;  scales  5().  Uody  comprcwsiMl, 
not  eHi)ocially  elevated,  of  about  the  same  depth  everywhere  between  llic 
veutrals  and  Ui«>  vent;  caudal  podun<"h\  rather  long  and  stout.  If.iid 
pointed,  Hiibconical;  prol'.le  straight,  scarcely  descending;  eye  rather 
large,  l;i  in  snout,  .')i^  in  head;  moiitli  larg;',  oblique,  premaxillary  ante- 
riorly on  a  level  with  the  upper  margin  of  the  pnpil;  maxillary  .x- 
tendiug  beyond  the  pupil;  lower  jaw  strongly  projecting,  its  tip  entciin;; 
the  iMofile.  Teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  in  2  series,  anteriorly  in  a  siii>,'l(> 
series,  those  in  front  small  and  subequal,  the  inner  ones  recurved,  tlione 
of  the  side  much  larger;  teeth  of  upper  jaw  in  2  series,  those  of  tlie 
onter  series  scarcely  decreasing  in  size  toward  the  angle,  those  of  the 
inner  series  becoming  lulnute  on  the  sides;  canines  moderate,  \  the  diam- 
eter of  the  eye.  Preopercle  witi  a  stri.ated  and  dentated  dermal  maii;iii; 
gill  rakers  slender;  those  near  the  angle  \  t\w  length  of  the  eye;  hiwer 
idiaryngoals  weak  and  long,  grooved  below;  teeth  at  the  angle  seveinl 
times  as  large  as  the  rest,  all  more  or  less  recurved,  the  anterior  (tnes 
specially  so;  teeth  of  the  upper  pharyngeals  unequal.  First  dorsal  spine 
inserted  above  the  end  of  the  lirst  fourth  of  the  ventrals,  tlie  sjiineH 
slender,  the  third  highest,  reaching  to  the  ninth  spine,  2\  in  head ;  second 
anal  spine  about  twice  as  large  as  the  first,  2if  in  length  of  eye;  anal  lays 
2,^  in  head;  pectorals  broken;  ventrals  slightly  less  than  2  in  head;  soft 
dorsal  a])parently  not  scaly,  but  so  mutilated  in  our  specimen  that  wo  can 
not  be  certain  of  this;  scales  very  weakly  ctenoid;  lateral  line  somewliat 
wavy  anteriorly,  becoming  straight  under  the,  fourth  or  fifth  dorsa!  ray. 
Color  brownish  above,  lighter  below;  nuddle  of  sides  with  many  dark 
dots;  a  dark  blotch  on  upper  corners  of  opereh'  and  cheek;  axil  and  inner 
margin  of  pectoral  black;  spinous  dorsal  black;  soft  dorsal  and  cnudal 
dusky ;  the  rest  of  the  fins  pale.  The  specimen  from  Pass  Christian  Inis  no 
scales  on  dorsal  or  anal  at  present,  but  the  marks  showing  their  former 
presence  on  the  basal  parts  of  the  fin  are  evident.  Gill  rakers  j-j-><,  tlie 
lor.gest  J  eye;  snout  3 J  in  head.  D.  X-I,  25;  A.  I,  10.  In  the  specimen 
from  Hampton  Roads  the  gill  rakers  are  .r-l-9;  snout  3+  in  head.  D.  X-I, 
25.  The  coloration  is  essentially  as  in  rvgalis,  but  in  all  these  specimens 
it  \A  more  silvery,  the  dark  markings  less  distinct.  Length  12  iuclies. 
{tludassinuH,  pertaining  to  fid\a66(x,  the  sea.) 

(Hulitlnu  thalaggintig,  Holbrook,  Tclith.  South  (J.irolina,  132,  pi.  18,  lig.  2,  1859,  Charles- 
ton, South  Carolina;  Gi'NTHEU,  (.'at.,  il,  .'(08. 
Oynoscion  thalansinii.i.  Johdan  &.  (liuiEUT,  Synoimin.  .'iSl. 
CcBtreuH  regalia  thalassinut,  JonrjAN  &  Kkienmann,  I.  c.  366. 


1782.  nXOSnON  RKTICIILATUS  (Giinther). 

(CORVINA. ) 

Head  3^;  depth  4|.     D.  X-I,  28;  A.  II,  !);  scales  9-60-15.     Body  (oni- 
paratively  deej)  and  compressed;  head  somewhat  conical,  the  snout  nut 


Jordan  and  livcrmanu. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1400 

vtrv  sliiirp,  "^I'i  in  lion*l;  maxillary  exteiidinji  to  below  posterior  margin  of 
imiiil.  -I  '"  lieatl;  ey«^  7  in  li«a«l;  gill  rakors  nhortish,  3+7;  ventralH  1^  in 
p,  inriilH;  Hoft  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  scal»>lo88;  pectorals  about  Iji  in 
len"tli  of  head;  highest  dorsal  spino  about  'i\  in  head;  caudal  double 
tiimdito.  Color  K''*y''»'*  silvery;  back  and  sides  covered  with  dark-brown 
Hiiraks  uiid  reticulations,  which  obscure  the  ground  color,  uspcoially  above 
the  Literal  line;  lateral  lino  in  a  ]iale  streak,  bordered  above  and  below 
liv  ;i  <larker  one;  lower  parts  silvery;  fins  unspotted;  caudal  yellowish 
oranui"  insitleof  mouth  deeji  orange  yellow.  Length  .^  feet.  Pacific  coast 
ol'liopical  America,  Maxatlan  to  Pan<auia;  a  conunon  food-lish  on  the  west 
roasi  (if  Mexico,     (reticulatits,  netted.) 

(Hitliilt'ii  riticiilaliis.  OrNTHEH,  I'roc.  Zool.  Soc.  London  1864, 149,  San  Josfi  de  Guatemala, 
Cluapas  ;  Gi'NTHEB,  Fislies  (.'fntral  Aniericii,  387,  388,  iiiid  430,  1809. 

r,/,i,*i'.u  irticiilatiim,  JonitAS  &.  (iJUIeut,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Mu8.  1881,232;  ,Tohdan  &- 
(lii.uKur,  Hull.  T.  S.  Kisli  Coinin.  1881,  319. 

(■extni'i  rcticulalut,  Johuan  &  Kioexjian.v,  I.e.,  3^8,  1889. 

1788.  «;YX0S«"I0\  .\EBI;LOSI;s  (Cuvior  .V  VulencionnoH). 
(Spotted  Weakfisu;  Spotted  "Ska  TRorT.") 


it;' 


! 

,    I 
I 


Head  "1 ;  depth  H;  eye  small,  0  to  7  in  head.  1).  X-I,  2.5  to  27;  A.  II, 
1(1;  scales  10-70  to  7r)-ll.  Body  rather  eloug.ate,  compre.ssed;  snout  long, 
aciitf.  '.Vi  in  head;  lower  pharyngeals  narrow,  each  with  7  or  8  series  of 
short  teeth,  the  inner  enlarged.  (Jill  rakers  short  and  thick,  not  longer 
than  iiiipil,  about  4+7  in  number;  maxillary  reaching  to  posterior  edge  of 
eve;  canines  strong;  maxillary,  preorbital,  and  lower  jaw  naked;  longest 
dorsal  spine  not  quite  |  the  length  of  the  head;  pectorals  short,  not 
reaching  tips  of  ventrals,  2^  in  head;  caudal  lunate;  soft  rays  of  dorsal 
anil  anal  scaleless.  Bright  silvery,  darker  above;  back  posteriorly  with 
nnnicrons  round  black  spots  as  large  as  the  pupil;  both  caudal  and  dorsal 
tins  marked  with  similar,  somewhat  smaller  spots,  much  as  in  a  trout; 
anal  tlusky.  South  Atlantic  and  (lulf  Coast  of  the  United  States,  New 
York  to  Texas;  a  most  excellent  food-fish,  everywhere  common  on  our 
Southern  coast;  rare  north  of  Virginia.  The  northenunost  locality  from 
which  wo  have  examined  specimens  is  IJeesley  Point,  New  Jersey.  (»  ebu- 
InsiiK,  clouded.) 

Ltihnit  Kqiieteagiie  var.  maculatus,  Mitcuii^l,   Trjins.  Lit.  and  riiil.  .Soc.  181.'>,  396,  New 

York ;  not  Lahrus  maculatiig,  15LOCII. 
Otohthui  nebiiloius,  CcviER  &.  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  v,  79,  1830,  locality 

iiiikiiowu. 
Otolith itt  caroUnentit,  Ccviek  &.  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  ix,  475,  1833,  South 

Carolina;  GCntker,  Cat.,  ii,  306,  1860. 
otolithtis  drumntondi,   Richardson,   Fanna  IJor.-Am.,   Fish.,  70,  1836,  New  Orleans; 

(JiUARL-,  IT.  S.  and  Mex.  Bound.  Survny,  Zool.,  12,  pi.  6, 1859;  GOnther,  Cat.,  ii,  307, 1800. 
Vestreus  carolineuiit,  Gronow,  Cat.  Fish.,  Ed.  Gray,  49,  1854. 
Cimoseion caroUnensig,  .Jordan  &•.  Gilbkrt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1878.  377. 
('limitcioit  maeulalum,  Jordan  &  Gilrebt,  Pro<'.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882,  285;  .Jordan  &. 

Gn.HKUT,  Synopsis,  581,  1883 ;  .Jordan  \-  Swain,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884,  233. 
Cestrent  nebnloami,  JORDAN  &.  Eiqenmann,  I.  c,  368,  1889. 


I  ! 


I 
I      i 


'  '■  i  . 


,«     ■' 


l'^  !^ 


1410         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


,,i,    .;! 


«    -'i  ,11 


17H4.  ('Y\ON(!ION   PARVIPI^TNIK,  Ayr«8. 

(CALIFOHNIA    "  I5U'KFI8I1.  ') 

Hoad  3A ;  depth  \\.  D.  X-I,  22  or  23;  A.  II,  10;  scales  13-75  (pons .  1 1, 
about  i)r>  in  ii  lon<ritudinaI  Horien;  eye  (i  in  bead ;  hi<;lie8t  <lorHaI  spiiio  l"  ; 
pectoral  2J;  veutrals  2.  Body  elongate,  Hhaped  much  as  in  the  weakiisli; 
niaxilliiry  extending  heyond  pupil,  2,1  in  head;  cii nine  large,  iiHually  Inn 
a  Hingle  on«t  preHent;  Hnout  rath<>r  nharp,  4  in  head;  gill  rakers  slioriisli 
4  +  7;  pharyngeals  narrow,  their  teeth  snwill,  rardiforni,  the  inner  mios 
somewhat  enlarged;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  and  aiuil  scaleless;  caudal  I'm 
somewhat  Innate  in  the  adult,  the  middle  rays  shortest,  although  more 
or  less  produced  in  the  young;  pectoral  fin  short,  not  reaching  ti|)>  oi' 
ventrals.  Color  clear  steel  bine  above,  without  stripes  or  spots;  sihcrv 
below;  a  narrow  dusky  shade  along  the  sides  below  the  lateral  line;  axil 
dusky ;  lower  lins  yellowish,  with  dnskyshading;  u]>per  tins  dark ;  sccuid 
dorsal  dark  edgfd.  Pacific  coast  of  North  America  from  Hanfa  Hailiara 
Islands  to  Guaymas  and  Ma/atlan;  <'o>nmon  along  the  coasts  of  sontliurn 
California  as  far  north  as  Han  Pedro.  It  is  an  excellent  food-fish,  not  infe- 
rior to  its  relative,  the  weakfish  of  the  Atlantic  coast.  As  in  the  cas(!  of 
the  latter  species,  the  llesh  of  Ci/nosoion  parvipinniH  is  soft,  and  tliu  lisii 
does  not  bear  transportatiini  well,     (parvus,  small;  pinna,  lin.) 

OynoMcion  parvipinnin,  Ayrks,  Proc.  (Jul.  Ac.  Sci.  1861,  150,  coast  of  Lower  California. 
i)tolithv$  maijdalenff*  Steindaciineu,  Iclitli.  Boit.,  ni,  34,  1875,  Magdalena  Bay,  Lower 

California. 
Gyno»eion  parviiyinne,  ^(^Ta^\^  A  (iiuimiT,  Pro(^  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1880,456;  Jordan  .v 

(iii.iiKRT,  Synopsis,  580,  lS8;t. 
Veatreun  parvipinnU,  Jordan  Jc  Kkienmann,  I.  c,  309,  1889. 


17Sr>.  TYXOSCIOX  XAMHIILIIS,  Jordan  &  Oilbert. 


(CORVINA  DE  LAS  ALETAS  AMARILLAS.) 

Head  3^t;  depth  4^.  D.  IX-1, 20;  A.  II,  8.  Scales  12-66  (pores)  -x,  86  rows 
of  scales.  Head  rather  long,  compressed  and  pointed;  maxillary  a  little 
less  than  \  head,  reaching  just  past  eye;  lateral  line  becoming  strni<rht 
opposite  the  vent;  body  rather  slender,  compressed;  (n'e  large,  6  in  Iicad; 
premaxillaries  in  front  entirely  below  eye;  canines  small,  2  usually  pres- 
ent; gill  rakers  short  and  thick,  not  longer  than  pupil,  6  to  8  on  lower 
limb  of  arch ;  longest  dorsal  spine  2;^  in  head ;  longest  soft  ray  2% ;  middle 
rays  of  caudal  considerably  produced,  1^  in  head;  anal  spine  rather  smull 
and  stout;  ventrals  little  more  than  2  in  head;  pectoral  fins  reacliini; 
nearly  or  quite  to  the  tips  of  ventrals,  their  length  If  in  head.  Scales 
smaller  than  in  related  species.  Color  bluish  above,  silvery  below ;  upper 
parts  and  especially  the  middle  of  the  sides  punctate  with  dark  points; 
upper  fins  dark,  their  margins  dusky,  lining  of  opercle  black;  inside  of 
mouth  bright  yellow  in  life.    Caudal  yellow.    Length  3  feet.     Pacific  coast 


*The  types  of  OtoUthxm  uiagdalence,  from  Magdalena  Bay,  are  preserved  in  tbe  museum 
at  Cambfidge. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1411 

lit   Mexico,  nut  nire  about  Mii/atlan;   a  i'ood-iiHh  of  soiiio  importiinco. 
( -(tt'Odi,  yellow;  uvXov,  Biiigiilar  of  ovAn,  the  gniiiH. ) 

Ciiioncion  xanthvliim,  Jordan  &  GH.nERT,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nut.  Muh.  1H81,  4C(),  Mazatlan 
iTyi"'.  N<»-28109.    Coll.iJllbort) ;  Jokkan  &  (Jii.iiKUT,  Hull.  IT.  S.  Fi8h  (Nuiiiii.  1882,  107. 
( VW ;•(•(».'(  Jrtn</»«JMm,JOKl>AN  A:  KloKNMANN,  /.  c,  369,  1889. 

17M0.  (YiVONCIOX  ALBUS  ((Wintliur). 

li.-ad  :H;  tlepth  I  to  4^.  D.  X-I,  L>1 ;  A.  II,  9;  scales  8-03  (por«s)-18,  «Jo 
Hoi'ioH  of  BcalcK.  Mead  large,  bliintiHh,  the  snout  Hhortur  tliiin  in  ('. 
Hioh-inaniii,  4  to  4^  in  lica«l;  eye  6|;  maxillary  nearly  \  Lead,  reach- 
in.'  woll  paHt  eye;  gill  rakers  :|  oye,  about  4-j-S.  Body  rather  robust; 
Ifttnal  Hue  becoming  straight  at  a  point  well  in  advance  of  vent;  dorsal 
Mitiiies  slender,  the  longest  2A  in  head;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  scale- 
Ichh;  caudal  d<mble  truncate,  the  middle  rays  longer  than  the  head  without 
8ni>ut;  pectorals  nearly  reaching  tips  of  ventrals,  more  than  i  length  of 
ho.iil;  second  anal  spii  e  evident.  Color  white,  somewhat  bluish  above, 
witliout  markings.  Pacitic  coast  of  tropical  America,  not  rare  at  Panama. 
lAki'  th«  others  of  the  genus,  it  is  a  food-fish  of  imi>ortauce.  This  species 
in  il(i«e  to  CynoBcion  xanlhulua,  but  the  scales  are  larger,     {albua,  white.) 

(Holilhiii  albua,  OUntheb,  Proc.  Z<k)1.  See.  Loiid.  1864, 140,  Chiapas;  Panama;  OCntheu, 
IMshua  (Central  America,  387  ond  423, 1869 ;  Stkinuachner,  Ncno u.  Selteno  Fischc k.  k. 
/ool.  Mns.  Wien,  36, 1879. 

(HolitliuH  eayennengi»,  Vaillant  &  Bocoubt,  Miss.  S<i.  :Mexi<]ue,  I'oisH.,  156,  1874; 
,s)ic,riiiien  from  La  Union  ;  not  cayinnentit,  I.A<'fii'fil)E. 

i'liiii'iiewH  album,  Jokdan  &  (Mlbeut,  Hull.  U.  S.  Finli.  Conini.  1881,  319. 

Cfstii'iis  albun,  Jobdan  &■  Eioenmann,  I.  c,  370,  1889. 


17K7.    <:YN0N<:I0N  MA<'D4»NALI>I,  (.illtert. 
(Totuava.) 

Head  3?;  depth  4;  eye  5J  in  head  (in  young),  12  (in  adult);  snout  4?. 
1).  IX-I,  24;  A.  II,  7;  scales  13-85  to  90-22,  50  to  55  pores.  Snout  sharp; 
lower  .jaw  protruding,  mouth  moderate,  somewhat  obli<]ue,  the  maxillary 
reacliiug  vertical  from  middle  of  orbit,  2f  to  2^  in  head.  No  enlarged 
caiiint'S  on  either  .jaw;  teeth  in  front  of  prcmaxillarics  mainly  in  2 
•listinct  rows,  uniting  laterally  to  form  a  narrow  band,  the  inner  row 
composed  of  smaller  teeth  directed  downward  and  backward,  the  outer 
series  of  stronger  conical  teeth,  a  few  scattering  toeth  b«'tween  the  2 
rows;  teeth  in  the  lower  jaw  in  a  narrow,  irregular  double  series.  Eye 
Hiiiiill.  Both  vertical  and  horizontal  limbs  of  preopercle  minutely  serru- 
late, entire  in  the  adult;  opercle  ending  in  a  flattened  process  showing 
2  sliort  spinous  points,  emarginato  behind  in  the  adult,  without  evident 
spinous  points;  gill  rakers  about  diameter  of  pupil,  strong,  toothed,  1  or 
2  aliovo  angle,  9  or  10  below.  Scales  very  strongly  ctenoid,  becoming 
greatly  reduced  on  nape,  about  25  to  40  transverse  series  between  occiput 
and  front  of  dorsal ;  a  narrow,  definite,  scaly  sheath  at  base  of  dorsal  and 
anal,  these  fins  otherwise  naked;  caudal  scaled  for  a  short  distance  on 
basai  portion;  scales  above  lateral  line  rapidly  increasing  in  size  back- 
wards, 13  in  a  transverse  series  between  lateral  line  and  frout  of  dorsal; 


I .  '-\ 


-vi 


■  I'-'-; 


':  ,'J  '• 


A 


Hi': 


1412         DuUetin  47,  United  Siatis  National  Museum. 


dornal  apiues  l<»w  uiid  weak,  iliu  rays  not  high,  the  htugest  3^  in  head ; 
Horond  nnul  npine  Hlendrr  hut  not  ll«-xi)>lo,  itH  Im^th  1^  in  Hof't  i'a\.; 
i-audal  donhle  truncate,  tlio  median  rayH  niuoh  produced,  equaling  IuiimH, 
of  head  hehind  snout  in  the  adult  aa  usual,  shorter,  gently  rounded; 
ventrals  15^  in  head;  pectoralH  in  the  young  short,  scarcely  reaching  ti|.s 
of  ventrals,  H  in  head,  in  the  adult  long  and  falcate,  reaching  nun  h 
heyond  ventrals.  Ccdor,  young:  Dusky  silvery,  with  coarse  hluck  hpocKh 
along  lower  part  of  head  aud  sides;  upper  half  of  sides  with  niiiny  iritM. 
ular  blackish  spots  or  hlotches,  showing  little  or  no  tendency  to  foini 
streaks;  dorsals  dusky,  the  basal  portion  with  snuUl  black  H])ota;  otln  r 
tins  blackish;  the  caudal  lighter  at  base;  mouth  white  within;  lining  oi' 
gill  cavity  black,  becoming  y«'llow  on  lining  of  branchiostegalmcuibraniH. 
In  adult,  bluish  above,  dusky  silvery  on  sides  and  below ;  no  evident  black 
spots  or  blotches  on  body  or  flus;  vertical  fina  blackish,  paired  fins  dusky. 
Gulf  of  California;  largest  of  its  genus;  a  huge  food-fish,  very  abundant 
along  the  entire  eastern  shore  of  the  gulf  and  congregating  in  gnat 
numbers  near  the  mouth  of  the  Colorado  River.  It  enters  the  river 
and  ia  found  feeding  in  shallow  water  near  the  shore,  where  it  is  easily 
approached  and  speared.  It  does  not  seem  to  be  known  at  La  Paz,  and 
was  not  seen  by  ua  on  the  western  aide  of  the  gulf.  Many  specimens  were 
taken  by  hand  lines  at  the  head  of  the  gulf,  the  largest  weighing  172 
pounds.  Largo  specimens  were  also  seen  at  Guaymas  and  at  the  moiitli 
of  the  Rio  del  Fuerte.  At  Guaymas  it  is  said  to  be  a  winter  visitant, 
unknown  during  the  summer  months.  (Gilbert.)  (Named  for  Hon.  Mar- 
shall McDonald,  then  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries.) 

Cynosdon  macdonaltH,  GiLUEKT,  Prod'  S.Nat.  Mas.  1890,64,  head  of  Gulf  of  California. 
(Coll.  Gilbert.) 

17S8.  TYNOSCION  STOLZMANJTI  (Stoindacliner). 

Head  3| ;  depth  ii..  D.  IX-I,  21;  A.  II,  9;  scales  10-73-10,-60  pores. 
Pectoral  tins  short,  reaching  little  past  middle  of  ventrals,  their  length  not 
more  than  ^  head;  body  elongate,  somewhat  compressed;  mouth  obli(|no; 
maxillary  2,';  in  head,  extending  to  posterior  margin  of  pupil ;  snout  rather 
sharp,  4  in  head;  canines  rather  small;  gill  rakers  shortish,  4 -f- 7 ;  body 
comparatively  slender  and  elongate;  scales  rather  large,  all  stronj^ly 
ctenoid;  dorsal  and  anal  scaleleas;  lateral  line  becoming  straight  just 
before  front  of  second  dorsal ;  longest  dorsal  spines  2^^  in  head ;  soft  dorsal 
slightly  falcate,  the  first  rays  about  2  in  head;  caudal  large  and  broad, 
double  truncate;  ventrals  IJ  in  head.  Color  steel  bluish  above,  lower 
parts  silvery;  no  distinct  markings.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  Ameriea; 
Panama  to  Peru,  not  rare  about  Panama.  (Named  for  its  discoverer, 
Stol/mann.) 

Otolithim  atolzmanni,  Steindachnku,  None  u.  Selteiie  FiBclie  k.  k.  Zool.  Mus.  Wieii  ISTO, 

35,  pi.  2,  fig.  1,  Tumbez,  Peru. 
Cynotcion  stolzmanni,  Joudan  &  (iii.nERT,  Hull.  V.  H.  Fish  Coiuin.  188J,  320. 
Oestreus  ttolzmanni,  Jordan  &.  Eiuenmann,  I.  c,  370,  1889. 


It  h:. 


Jordan  and  Evcrinann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1  MiJ 


SubgenuB  ATRACTOSCION,  (iill. 
|;hO.  CYNOM  U»>    NOHIIJM  (A.vnm). 

<  "WlMTK  HKA    UaHH"   (ir  CAI.irollNIA.) 

lU'ftd  :V!;  'leptli  l.  I>.  X-I,  l,'l  to  23;  A.  \l,  !•;  bciiIoh  12-88-14,  poroH  70 
til  s(i.  Huiul  pointixl,  Hiilironiral,  littlo  (MiiiipruHHod ;  prutilu  rathor  Htee|>; 
Hiioiit  Hliarp,  ratliur  long,  'XI  in  lioutl;  maxillary  ('xteiuliii);  beyond  pupil, 
anteriorly  on  a  lovel  with  tlu  lowrr  niarKin  of  tlio  pupil,  2^  in  bead; 
caiiiiii'S  Niiiiill,  becoiiiin^  obHoiotu  with  ajr»;  lateral  toetb  of  lower  Jaw  not 
iniicli  t!iilar<;od;  pliaryM<;eal8  lon^  and  Hloiider,  with  \  Heries  of  teeth,  the 
iniiir  HorieM  several  times  lar)i;er  than  the  rest;  ;rill  rakers  short,  2-f-V; 
sillies  very  small,  those  on  head  little  etnbedded  and  less  silvery  than  in 
icl:itril  Kpecies;  maxillary  with  a  few  embedded  scales;  scales  on  snout 
niiinin;;  to  its  tip;  caudal  lunate,  its  middle  rays  less  than  A  length  of 
I,, -III;  iHith  anal  spines  evident,  the  second  about  i  length  of  the  rays; 
iii'i'iiii'ill  tins  rather  long,  nu)re  than  \  head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scalelcss. 
(joliii-  l)luish,  little  silvery;  everywhere  punctulate;  young  with  W  or  4 
ilistini't  dusky  cross  bars;  axil  and  tins  dusky;  a  dusky  Vdotch  at  base  of 
|u-i'iiira1,  extending  on  whole  inner  face  of  the  fin;  scales  of  side  of  head 
not  silvery.  Coast  of  California,  north  to  San  Francisco,  occasionally 
straying  farther;  a  specimen  once  taken  near  Victoria  by  Mr.  Ashdown 
(irocii.  A  most  valuable  food-tiah,  reaching  a  weight  of  80  pounds  or 
more,  its  flesh  firm  and  rich.  The  banded  young  (californienHiH)  are  «iuite 
ililViTCht  in  appearance  and  are  taken  for  a  distinct  species  by  fishermen 
as  they  have  been  by  Steindachner.     {nobilia,  noble.) 

.hiliinii.i  nobilis,   AYRES,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Soi.  1860,  78,  San  Francisco.     (Coll.  AyroH.) 
Dliitiihun  talifomicn$i8,   Steindach.ver,   Ichtli.   Koitr.,    ui,   31,    ISTrt,    San   Diego,   Cali- 
fornia, and  Magdalena  Bay,  Lower  California  ;  v<>un£  with  diirk  baiidH. 
CiiiKini-ion  iwbiliii,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mub.  1880,  456. 
Atidctiinciim  nnbilh,  JORDAN  <Xr  Gn.iiERT,  SynopHis,  579  and  933,  1883. 
Cestrviit  )iobUis,  Jordan  &  Eioenmann,  I.  c,  370,  1889. 


It 


;  i 


17»«.   <:Y>0.SCI0N  PHOXOt'KPHALUS,  Jordan  &(iilbert. 

Head  3i ;  depth  4^  to  4? ;  eye  li  in  head.  D.  IX-1, 21 ;  A.  Ill,  10 ;  scales 
IT-llO-l"),  pores  about  80.  Body  not  very  elongate,  fusiform,  little  com- 
])rcssed,  the  greatest  thickness  nearly  :}  the  greatest  depth ;  back  s<-arcely 
elevated  nor  compressed,  the  profile  from  th'5  snout  to  the  front  of  the  dor- 
sal nearly  straight;  head  conical,  little  compressed,  pointed  in  profile,  taper- 
ing with  much  regularity  toward  the  tip  of  the  projecting  lower  jaw; 
lfiii},'th  of  mandible  more  than  A  that  of  head ;  mouth  large,  very  oblique, 
tiie  i)reniaxillary  in  front  on  the  level  of  the  upper  part  of  the  orbit,  the 
liroad  maxillary  extending  to  below  the  posterior  margin  of  the  eye,  2  in 
head.  Teeth  in  narrow,  cardiform  bands  in  each  jaw,  the  bands  composed 
of  ahout  2  series  in  front,  growing  narrow  laterally,  and  finally  forming 
a  8in<;le  series;  teeth  subeciual,  with  the  exception  of  about  2  pairs  in  the 
front  of  th<'  upper  jaw.  the  jiosterior  pair  being  developed  as  small 
cauines  directed  inward   and  backward;  canines  proportionately  larger 


,jj.: 

i:;i 


!    «1, 

!  M 


I. 


i:^ 


1414  Dullctiu  ./7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


k 


i. 


ill  tlio  Hiiialler  Hjtocimciia  than  in  the  lulult,  but  in  all  tbcy  am  Bniallta- 1  lutn 
iH  UKiial  in  Cj/iioacion.  I'lyo  latlior  Huiall,  a  little  Ichh  than  A  the  lcu};tli  of 
thtt  Hiioiit,  a  little  nioru  than  A  the  breadth  of  the  ovenly  convex  iiiU;r- 
o;-bital  space,  which  in  3ji  in  head.  Gill  rakers  3 -(- <>>  thickish,  and  v.'iy 
Hh<»rt,  8hi)rt«T  than  the  pupil;  itHuudobranohia*  quite  small.  ScultH  of 
lower  part  of  cheeks  cnlarg<'d,  embedded,  covered  with  a  silvery  skin; 
scales  above  eyes,  on  nape  and  on  border  of  proopercle  much  reduced  in 
si/e;  prcopen-le,  as  in  all  species  of  this  ^renus,  entire,  with  a  broad  niiin- 
branaceous border ;  scales  on  body  small  and  smooth;  lateral  lino  scare  ly 
iirched  in  front,  becoming  straight  opjxisito  front  of  anal.  Dorsal  lins 
entirely  separate,  the  spines  of  the  tirst  dorsal  slender;  second  Hiiinc 
shorter  than  third  or  fourth,  which  are  considerably  elevated,  1,  in 
'ength  of  head  in  young,  2\  iu  the  adult;  soft  dorsal  wholly  scaleli  ss; 
second  dorsal  of  moderate  height,  enveloped  in  lax,  scalclesg  skin,  wliidi 
is  thickened  at  the  base  of  the  Hn;  longest  rays  a  little  more  tlitin  .; 
length  of  head;  anal  rather  long  and  low,  its  longest  rays  about  e(|Uiil  to 
the  length  of  the  base,  and  a  little  more  than  ^  length  of  hea«l ;  anal  sjiiniH 
very  small  and  weak,  wholly  enveloped  in  the  skin  and  not  visible;  iina! 
tin  nearly  coterminous  with  the  dorsal,  its  rays  similarly  enveloped  in 
loose  skin ;  caudal  tin  moderate,  thickish  and  scaly  at  base,  lunate,  its  IoImh 
equal,  the  middle  rays  Irl  in  length  of  head;  ventrals  short,  about  .V  leiiHtli 
of  head,  reaching  about  ^  the  distance  to  the  vent;  pectorals  short,  nui 
reaching  tips  of  ventrals,  2  in  head;  distance  from  vent  to  base  of  caiKl.ii 
about^'  its  distance  fromsnout.  Colorinlife,darkabove  withstronglni^^lit 
rellections  of  purplish-brown ;  silvery  below,  the  lower  part  of  the  cmidjil 
peduncle  golden  yellow ;  middle  of  sides  noticeably  punctulate  with  brown 
dots;  inside  of  month  deej)  orange  yellow;  lining  of  opercle  black;  doisnl 
and  caudal  fins  dusky  whitish,  with  more  or  less  of  dark  edging;  lower 
rays  of  caudal  yellowish;  tins  otherwise  translucent,  unmarked;  axil  of 
pectoral  light  yellowish  above;  the  silvery  color  of  the  sides  of  the  licinl 
and  the  bright  rellections  on  its  iipper  surface  very  conspicuous,  more  ho 
than  in  any  other  species  of  the  genus.  Length  2  feet;  a  neat  and  wtll- 
marked  species.  I'acitic  coast  of  Central  America;  not  rare  at  Panama. 
{if)u^('}?,  tapering;  fir^ltaXt},  head.) 

Ci/noMcion  plwxveephahim,  Jokdan  «fc  GiLliBKT,  Bull.  U.  S.  FihIi  Couiiu.  1881,  318,  Panama. 

(TyiH),  Js'o.  2!»296,  lOJ  iuchen  lonf,'.   Coll.  C.  H.(Jilbeit.) 
Ve«treu«  phoxocephalug,  Jordan  &.  Kigenmann,  I.  c,  371,  1889. 

17»1.  «;¥N08(;iON  LKIALCIIVS  (Cuvier  &  Valoiicii-nnes). 

Head  3.J ;  depth  H.     D.  IX-I,  21  to  23;  A.  II,  10;  scales  13-90-i;{,  al I 

80  <li8tinct  pores.  Soft  dorsal  tin  with  its  lower  portion  covered  with  .sniaii 
caducous  scales.  Body  compressed;  head  conic,  more  compressed  tlian 
iu  C.  phoxocephahta :  eye  moderate,  5  to  6  iu  head;  maxillary  reii<liini; 
nearly  to  posterior  margin  of  orbit,  2^  iu  head;  lower  jaw  much  project- 
ing; upper  teeth  mostly  biserial;  canines  small,  both  of  them  present; 
lateral  teeth  of  lower  jaw  small;  gill  rakers  short  and  slender,  2-f7; 
scales  small,  chiefly  cycloid,  those  on  sides  of  head  bright  silvery;  lateral 
line  becoming  straight  above  front  of  anal ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaleiess; 


!!  1 


-<i:,,: 


Ionian  and  Evcrniann. — Fishis  of  North  Amirka.     14 IT* 

eiiiulil  liii  Hiilitriiiu'iito;  p<>ctorul  liim  iiioili  rate,  2  in  head;  rniidal  woakly 
iliiiililc  tniiiciito.  CoiiHt  uf  lira/il  aiitl  (iiiiiiiiii,  proltalily  not  rare.  More 
,1,'si  lilietl  iniiu  HiMU'inioiiH  IVoni  Rio  .Inuoiio,  Tortu  Alogiu,  Italiia,  and 
Sanies.     (Af/os,  Biuooth;"  <i/J^(>?,  unua.) 

(H„l,il''iil'iiir<-hiiii,  CuviKUiV  Vai.kniIKNNKs.  IliHt.  Nat.  l'oi«n.,  v,7H,  I8;i0,  Brazil;  Cayenne; 
1,1  MIIKII,  <'at.,  II,  :iU8,  IHtU);  JdltDAN,  I'riHI.  U.S.  Nitl.  MllH.  IMHt),  ,"140;  lltilK  on  t.V|i«ol' 
ClMEK  \-   VaI.B.NCHONNKH. 

(,.,(,.  I-.V  liidrehnii,  JoRUAN  \-  Kkikn.MANN,  /.  c,  :i71,  1H81>. 

17»'J.  CVN'OSMON  VIKENn':.>H«'iivioi  .V  VmIkui'Ikiuiuh). 

lii'iiil  :i.i ;  doptli  5  to  5i.  I).  -I,  28;  A.  II,  8;  H<aIeM  80  (porus),  125  to 
i;(0  I  iiisH  HoriuH.  Uody  lon^  uud  low,  Hpindlu-Hliapud,  tlio  head  blender, 
miMniiitate,  depressed  above,  tbruu-d  lunch  as  in  h'aclniventron  ittutidiim; 
iirotilf  from  snont  to  dorsal  weakly  concave  snont  lonj;,  rather  pointed, 
t  in  luiid  ;  nuintii  large,  little  oblique,  the  lower  Jaw  8tron;;ly  projecting 
the  III  iNiUary  2:{  in  head;  «anine  teeth  2,  nhort  and  thirk;  lateral  teeth 
inodi'i'it*',  I'lose-set;  eye  Hniall,  8A  in  head;  interorbital  8])ae«<  llattiHh,  4J 
ill  lieail :  gill  rakors  short  and  thit-kish,  8  below  angle  of  arch,  the  longent 
;  eyt>;  Hcab'S  on  head  very  small  and  silvery;  soft  dorsal  wholly  naked, 
;i  tew  scale.s  on  anal;  caudal  S-shaped,  the  middle  rays  longest;  pectoral 
rathir  long,  li  in  head.  Color  plain  greenish,  silvery  below;  gill  cavity 
dusk.\  within.  CoastsofCJuianaand  Brazil,  rather  scarce.  Here  described 
tVoiii  a  specimen  18  inclias  long  from  Victoria,  Hrazil.  (virvacciia,  growing 
j;ivcn. ) 

(ihlithiif  virrieenn,  Ci'V'KR  &  Vai.enciknnks,  Hist.  N'nt.  PoIbh.,  v,  72,  IH.'IO,  Surinam. 
(iiiillihii^  iiiicroiiii,  Stkin'iachnkii,  \»)ue  KiHcli-Artcii  k.  k.  Muueou  Wiuu,  Stuttpirt  iind 
Will  H.  luiii,  38,  pi.  8,  flg.  2, 1870,  Porto  Alegre,  Brazil. 


4.1 


17»».  CYXOSCION  NICItOliKPIDOTlIK  (Cuvior  \  Vulondmmes). 

Head;!:;;  depth  4J;  snont  4  in  head;  eye  large,  4J;  interorbital  space 
M  ill  lioad.  D.  XI-I,  2H;  A,  II,  J);  scales  70  (pores),  l.'w  to  160  in  a  longi- 
tuilinal  series.  Hody  moderately  elongate,  covered  with  very  small  scales ; 
fldl't  dorsal  and  anal  clo.sely  scaly  throughout;  maxillary  extending  be- 
youdoyc;  lower  jaw  projecting;  teeth  moderate;  <'anines  rather  strong; 
latiial  teeth  of  lower  jaw  not  «'aiiine-like;  gill  rakers  not  described,  prob- 
aliiy  as  in  rireaceiiH.  Dorsal  spine  sh-nder,  the  longe.st  2i  in  head;  i)e<'to- 
lal  sliiiiitly  longer  than  ventral,  which  is  slightly  more  than  I  head; 
caudal  lin  S-shaped ;  lateral  line  beccmiing  straight  above  anal.  Colora- 
tion plain  gn'cnish,  silvery  below.  Coast  of  Ura/il  and  Guiana,  not  com- 
mon.   (.Stciudaohner. )     (///;<^joc;,  small;  Af;r/5Gjro?,  scaled.) 

DMitliic^  iincrolfi)id(>ti(»,  CrviKU  it  VALENriKNNEs,  Hist.  Nut.  I'oi.sa.,  v,  79,  18:i0,  Suri- 
nam; (iixTHKii,  Cat.,  II,  311;  Steinuachnek,  Neue  uml  Scltouc  FiscLo  k.  k.  Zool. 
Mils.  Wieii,  39,  1879. 

Cfstreim  microlepidotut,  JOKDAN  &  ElOEN.MANN,  i.e.,  371. 

'  In  the  ilriod  akiu  of  the  type,  a  youug  uxainplo.  in  tlio  inustMim  at  Paris,  the  absuucu  of 
till' anal  .s|iiiit)  ("leiarcbus")  is  due  to  its  being  covered  by  vuruish. 


!     ,;l 


11 


14 Hi  liullitni  /7,  Ihiitcd  States  Naliomxl  Museum, 


m 


Wif-X 


IN 
|itl\ 

i;  L' 


573.  SAQENICHTHYS.   Hrrj?. 

.ineiilodnn  ((.'I'VIKH)  Okoii.  ImIh,  1181!,  IH17  {jnculideni     anriilodon) ;  uotAnci/lodun  II 

IHII,  a  ;{«iiuN  ot'iiiiiiiniiiilH, 
Siiji»nifhthyii,  ItKlui,  Ann,  Muh,  Niic,  Kuttntm  AiruH  IHUS,  r<2  (aH(V/I("'on). 

TliiH  gfliiiiH  iH  rloHi'  to  CiiHOMCHon,  tWtYvi'iuK  iiiainl,v  in  thu  tbriii  oi 
ouiiinoH,  whirh  arc  laii(;r-Hlia|M-il,  widom-d  toward  tlitt  tip,  thun  iilmi 
iiari'owrd ;  lateral  tuutli  lar^i-r  than  in  CifHOHvioii,  iSoiith  Aniuriiin 
H|»iM!ieN  known,  {aayifi'ii,  Hcino  or  n«»t;  ix'"'it  '"^I't  f''*»i»  tiio  .S|p;i 
naniu  IN-HuailiUo  il«;l  l{t  d,  the  nioHt  valuable  HhIi  nuttod  in  Uruguay,  > 

i;U4.  NA4JK.\inri'IIVK  ,\.>(:VL0IM».\  (lllock\  Svknt>ia«r). 

(I'KHCADII.LO   DKI.  ItBD.) 

HimdSi;  depth  1;  oyo  «i,J  in  iitad.  1).  IX-I,  27  or  28;  A.  II,  10;  >v»ln 
75  (pdi't's),  H5  rowH.  Body  oltlonjj;,  nuMlcratfly  <M)nipi'(>HHed,  thu  ^n  iitTal 
i'oiin  of  Hpf(;iuH  o{  CynoHcion]  mouth  oblique,  thtt  lower  jaw  proji  itin^r; 
maxillary  moderato,  2^  iu  head;  Huout  rather  pointed,  U  in  head;  jiicoi. 
Iiital  narrow;  lar^e  eanine  of  upper  jaw  very  lonjj,  lance-shapt'tl,  i.e., 
widened  toward  the  tip  and  then  abruptly  pointed;  about  2  oaMincH  in 
front  of  lower  jaw  on  each  Hide,  alno  lance-Hhaped,  but  much  siMiillci; 
outer  teeth  of  upper  jaw  enlarged  and  showing  something  of  the  .sinno 
form;  enlarged  lateral  t«>eth  of  lower  jaw  compressed;  gill  rakers  niod- 
erate,  slender,  3-f  H,  the  longest  a  eye;  caudal  tin  rhombic;  spinoii.s  (loiNal 
very  weak;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly;  pectoral  V,  in  head;  lateral  liiic 
becoming  straight  before  vent.  CJolor  bluish  above,  silvery  below,  sonic. 
times  with  dark  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales;  (caudal  lobe  diirkur, 
sometimes  black.  Length  15  inches.  Handy  coast  of  tropical  Anu'ricii, 
Itoth  Pacilic  and  Atlantic;  common  from  Guiana  s(Mithward  to  l'rii<>;ti,'iy 
and  Ai'gentine ;  also  common  about  Panama;  a  most  excellent  rooii-lisii. 
Here  described  from  a  specimen  from  Hio  Grande  do  Sul.  .Specimens  tVoiii 
I'aminia  agree  in  every  respect.  If  any  difference  exists  it  must  bo  soiijjlit 
in  companion  of  specimens  iu  good  condition.  {(lyHvXoi;,  hooked;  nSuh 
tooth. ) 

fjonchuruH  aneylodon.  Hloch  &  .Sciineideu,  SjHt.  lotitli.,  102,  pl.  ?.5,  1801.,  Surinam. 
Anei.ilmUin  jaeulidvuH.  CuviKit  &,  Valenciennes,  HiHt,  Nat.  I'oihh.,  v,  81,  IWlii,  Cayenne; 

OOntiiek,   Cat.  Fish.,  11,  .111,  I860;  Jordan  &.  (Iilbebt,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fmii  Co 1. 

1882,  111. 
Aneylodon  anciilodon.  JouiMN  iV:  Eioen.MANN,  {.  c,  :i73,  1880. 
Haijenivhthyt  aneylodon,  Ubro,  Ann.  Mus.  Buen.  Aires  1805,  .Vi. 

574.  NEBRIS,  Cuvier  tfe  Valenciennes. 

Xebriii,  CuviEU  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,  140, 1830  (//i(croj>«). 

Body  rather  elongate,  tapering  backward;  skull  excessively  cavcnious, 
soft  and  spongy  to  the  touch,  the  interorbital  space  very  broad;  iiioiitli 
large,  the  lower  jaw  projecting;  teeth  subequal,  in  narrow  bauds;  eye 
very  small;  preopercle  with  a  broad  membranaceous  border,  which  is  stri- 
ated and  fringed;  preorbital  narrow  and  Hat;  slits  and  pores  of  upper  jaw 


m 


.;:i.» 


„l 


/of (fan  and  I'.verniann. — /'isfics  of  !\\>rth  .Innriia,     1417 


littli' conHplrnoiiN;  vertobrn-  10-|-ll;  jjiH  I'liUorH  loii);  niul  Hleiuler,  Hnilon 
siii.i  i:  |)scti<loliriiiii'liiii«  prrHoiit.  Air  Miulder  witli  '2  horns.  Soft  iloraal 
iiiid  iiial  lonKund  Hcaly ,  HpiiwH  of  liiiH  woiik.  Lowrr  pliiiryii^^eiils  niirruw, 
M'liMiiitr.    Two  HpocieH;  Hiiiftnlur-lookiii^  I'ihIiks  ulliuU  to  Cynom'ton,  hut 


vvciiklv  urinud.     {Xehria,  iiii  old  iiuiiio  of  hoiiio  tiah.) 


II.  Sr.ilrH  lllmvr  littiTul  lino  80,  jiorcH  TiO. 
(III.  SciilvM  aliuvr  latcriil  liii«  I  In,  imhch  ns. 


MICKoi'H,  179S. 
ZKMir.-,  17U»1. 


1796.  M-IIIKIK  MintOPN,  Ciivicr  .\  Valrnririin.m. 

Ilciid  .'{;  depth  1^;  <>yo  iniiiiit<>,  {)\  in  hoad,  '2\  in  Nnoiit,  I  in  intt-rorhitul 
iiriM,  M  '"  wi<lthot'niaxinury,  which  is  v«ry  l»road.  1).  VIII-I,;!';  A.  II, 
III;  HralcH  18-85-18,  50  poros. 

Iloilv  ])lunip,  anteriorly  tafiorinf;  to  thu  Hlnidcr  rautlal  pudunclu;  profilo 
stniiulit,  ht'iid  hroad,  heavy,  extrenudy  spoiijuy  above;  month  very  large, 
(,lili(iuo ;  lower  Jaw  pr(»jertinjj,  preniaxillary  imleriorly  on  a  level  with  tho 
luidilli  of  the  eye;  maxillary  extondin);  to  hclowpoHterionnarKinof  urliit, 
:>\  ill  head;  teeth  all  minute,  tho.>>e  of  the  lower  Jaw  in  a  ai'igle  series, 
tli()st>  in  the  upper  Jaw  in  a  l>anil  which  wideuH  backward;  tongue  large 
anil  tliiiU  ;  head  entirely  scaly;  margin  of  the  preopcrcle  indistinct,  with 
II  very  wide  membranaceous  edge,  which  is  ntMirly  covered  with  scales ;  gill 
rakers  long  and  slender,  5-|-15;  scales  small,  cycloid;  lateral  line  little 
arclioil;  the  bases,  at  least  of  all  the  soft  tins,  densely  covered  with  small 
srftlcs;  dorsal  spines  feeble,  shorter  than  the  dorsal  raya;  caudal  lanceo- 
late; iioctorals  1!  in  head;  veiitra'.s  lii.  Color  silvery,  darker  above;  poc- 
toniN  dusky  <m  their  inner  margin.  Atlantic  coiist  of  northern  South 
Ameriia,  Guiana  and  Bra/.il,  on  sandy  shores.    ( fUHpo^,  snuiU ;  u)i(),  eye.) 

Sihrin  inii'roi>$,  CcviBK  \-  Vai.enciennkh,  Hist.  Nat.  PoIhh.,  v,  149,  pi.  112,  1830,  Surinam  ; 

(liMHKK,  Cllt.,II,  316,  1800;   STKINDACIINKK,  Irlltll.  Heitr.,  IV.   1(1,   1S7.');  JoUIMN  it  (III,- 
HEUl,  Hull.  U.  S.  Fish.  Coiuni.  1882,  111 ;  JoKDA.N  \  El((E.VMAN.\,  I.  c,  374. 

17UM.  NKBBIS  ZKSTUS,  Jurduu  &  Stark.s,  now  Hpuckm. 

Ileadll^;  depth  4 J.  D.  VI  to  VIII,  28  to  31;  A.  II,  12;  eye  10  in  head; 
snout  1;  maxillary  2,!,;  highest  dorsal  spine  H;  pi^otoral  at  least  l.l ;  ven- 
tral 2;  scales  20-110-20 ;  lateral  line  with  about  55  pores.  Body  scarcely 
('oni|in'Hscd,  the  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  about  e([ual  and  uniform. 
Iluad  largj;  anterior  profile  more  or  less  decurved  over  snout,  thence 
j;ciitly  ciirvod  to  dorsal;  snout  blunt,  the  nostrils  close  together  and  close 
to  eye;  mouth  large,  very  oblicjue,  the  Jaws  about  etiual;  maxillary  very 
liroad.  tniucate  behind,  reaching  to  posterior  margin  of  eye;  teeth  villi- 
t'orm  in  several  series  in  upper  jaw,  in  1  in  lower,  all  pointed  and  curved 
inward;  tongue  large  and  thick;  gill  rakers  sle  '3r,  the  longest  a  little 
ion^'cr  than  eye, 6 4-12  in  number;  a  short  slit  behind  last  gill  arch; 
pseudoliranchiie  very  small.  Head  entirely  scaled;  scales  on  head  larger 
tliau  on  body ;  margin  of  jjroopercle  indistinct,  with  a  wide  membranaceous 
viae;  scales  along  lateral  lino  running  to  end  of  caudal  rays,  nearly  twice 
ii8  larj^c  as  those  on  the  rest  of  body.  iSpines  of  dorsal  very  feeble  and 
covered  with  small  scales,  the  third  spine  highest,  slightly  highev  than 
3();{0 12 


i 


ins  llulhliti  fj,  nniti'ii  Slali's  NalionnI  Museum. 


1 1 


I 


m 


i 

■ol't  rayH;  (inal  ninl  rtorsnl  rliwoly  Hntind ;  niiitl  npinPN  Hrnrcely  «l  ^ijn 
jriilHlitililn.  I't'i'toralN  loii^,  1 1  in  IkmkI,  rniichiii)(  iiiiicli  iMtyoiid  v<'|i>i;i|n; 
voiitnilH  iimnrtiMl  Im>Io>v  bii  ;««  ut'  |MM'torulH,  11  in  lioiiil;  niutlal  doiiMr  trnn. 
«iitt>,  tlio  iiiiddlt^  ra\H  \\,\\\  liciul.  (Jolorutioii  piUo.  I.oii^tli  I  rout  y^x  w 
littlo  nioro.  Simtly  NlioniNiilxiiit  I'liniiiiiii,  .'iith<>r  rDinnioii.  Ihtro  (li*Hrii|)|.,| 
IVoiM  nitiiMMuiiH  H|H)riiii<MiH  liruii^lit  l>y  Dr.  <<illM>rt  from  rnuiiiiia.  \  i  ly 
t'hmr  to  \f\w\n  mhroim,  th«^  NrtiloN  a|i|mi'«Mitly  HiiiiilltT.  (I^foroe;,  H'tl't  Imili d 
rnlVrriii^  to  tin-  soft,  vory  H|Miii}ry  lioud.)  (TypuH,  No,  l\¥,\,  aiul  nthcrM, 
L.U.Jr.  Tniv.  MiiN.     (U)!!.  (iillMtrt.) 

575.  PLAQIOSCION.Oill. 

/7(i>/i'>f(('iiiii.  liii.l..  l'r<M'.  Ac.  Nat.  St'i.  I'liilit.  IHtll.H'J  (h  Ki<iiui'io  <l«-m-r>|iliiiii  only,  no  sjhm  Iih 

or  l,V|>*'  \n'\n)i  iliilii'iilnl.) 
DifiUilfftiK,  S'lKiNDAi'iiNKit,  ll<'itrii;:i<    /.iir   Ki-iiiitiilnii  dor  S<^iii-iioitl<-n  KrnHllioiiN  l'.  ix(t:i, 

(Kil\iitmoi>iiii>imuH);  iiiiiiio  |ii'i'ii('('ii|(ii'il  III  l(yiii<'ii<i|il«<ni. 
/7(i.(/i(i*c»«/i,.I(ilti>A.v  \    KiuKN.MANN,  Krvit'w  Siiiiiiidii',  IlgK,  IHHO  (/i(/i/n)»(»f<#*imi(,v) 

ThJH  KfMiiiH  coiiHiHt.H  of  troHli  water  Hciii>uiiidH,  iiiliabitiii);  tli«^  rivers  of 
tSoiitli  America,  probalily  tx^caHiuiially  (lumrontliti);  to  tlio  hoii.  It  isrIoHcIv 
allicil  to  I'orviila  and  I'HeiidotofUhun,  from  both  of  whicli  it  in  will  iijs 
tiiigiiiNbtMl  by  \\w  p«>ciiliar  H(|iiaiiiatioii  of  tb«  lateral  lino,  a  ciiiiiiii'tit 
which  Hii^)r(iBte<l  to  Dr.  Steindachuer  the  iiaino  />/y>/M/t7>i'M,  thoHcah's  iii'thi' 
lateral  lino  Ikmh^  eovrred  with  Hnialh^r  oiioh.  Like  niont  fntNli-watir 
tiHheN,  the  HjiecioH  of  I'hiqiosv'um  are  siibjoct  to  many  variatioDH,  cs|pi'(i;i|ty 
in  regard  to  the  Hi/e  of  the  secoml  anal  spine.  Hut  'A  or  4  <»f  tlir  niaiiv 
nominal  HpecieH  Heom  to  be  valid.  We  atta«*h  to  thin  ^xouuh,  with  ilmibt,  a 
HpofMt's  (hctcroh'ftiH)  which  we  have  not  Heen  ami  which  may  boloiifj  to 
OphioKvion.     (ffAa/zd?,  obli<|uo;  ciHi'oi',  Sin(vna.) 

a.  Svcoiiil  niiiilHpiiin  xinall,  Hcarccly  loiit;er  lliaii  cyo,  4  to5|  tiiiioH  in  loiiKtli  i>r  licnd. 

It.  Dorsal  layH  X-l,  ;il  or  32.  siilTAMoMissnii  s,  171)7. 

hi).  Dor.Hal  layH  X   1,'JHor'JO.  HKrKiioi.Kris,  17M. 

aa.  .Si'i'oiid  anal  Hpiiit*  vrry  larp*  ami  Htroii^,  2  to3in  litmil;  ilorHal  rayn  \   I,  ir.!  or  :i:i 

SUKINA.M1I.NMS  Hitfl, 

1707.  I'liAGIOSCION  K({rANOSISSIMIIN  (Uockol). 

Head3ji;  de])th  :<.',.  I).  X-I,  31  or  32;  A.  II,  7;  scales  (large  oiioh  or 
pores)  U)  to  'h\.  Second  anal  spine  small,  scarcely  longer  than  i-.vi',  its 
length  4  to  5^  in  head;  teeth  of  lower  Jaw  with  the  inner  series  eoii.sicler 
ably  enlarged;  snout  of  moderate  length,  5  in  head ;  eye  5A ;  maxillary  '2\ 
in  head;  gill  rakers  rather  long,  .r-f  12;  pscudobranchii"  usually  snail  on 
one  side  and  obsolete  on  tlu^  other;  upper  part  of  the  preopcrcle  crtnniate 
on  its  liony  margin;  ]>uctoral  tin  short,  Ij!  in  head;  anal  spine  4.^  to  .~>i,  itii 
length  subject  to  much  variation;  caudal  convex;  ventraL  filanioiitoii.sat 
tip.  Lower  pharyngeals  narrow,  armed  with  villiform  teeth.  Color  sil- 
very, darker  above,  the  axil  with  a  large  black  spot,  liivers  of  (niiaiin 
and  Hraxil,  generally  common  southward;  no  Guiana  specimens  hocu  by 
us,  the  specimens  here  described  from  Obidos  and  Coary. 

Scimta  giiuamosisnma,  IIeokel,  AnnaUiii  dos  Wiener  MiiHoiini,  n,  438,  1840,  Amazon; 

Steindackneu,  Ik-itr.  zur  Kenutuiss  der  Fi.svh  Fauna  Siid-AincncaH,  3, 187!i. 
fSeiieiia   rubella,  SfiioMHUHOK,   Naturalists'   Library,   FiHhp.s  of  Guiana,  ii,  111!,  1H4:!. 

Rivers  of  Guiana.    (D.  IX,  34;  A.  II,  0;  nnal  spines  presumably  snuill.) 


m 


.1.1, 


fonion  nnif  /\virmifnn.      /'ishts  of  North  .  hftfttitr,      I  lll> 

,iiiMiTriiiii'i/ii(.  ('ANrKI.NM',  Aiiliii.  NniiN    oii    II.iidn  iIi'  IAiimi.   iIii  .SiiiI,    riilHHiiiix.  II, 

|il.  V,  ll|{.  l.iilMtnl  lM.V),Kio  Crixa>,  Riu  AruKuuy. 

nliiKtiiiiiii'iiii'iii.  <',\HrKi,NAt',  \iiImi.  Noll \ .  nil  Itiiri'M )lt>  I  Anil' r.  ilu  Sml,  INiImm  ,  r.*  |i|.  I, 

liK  I,  IMnri,  Ainii/iiii. 

rinii  iiioiiitdttitha.  <'iii'K,'  'ri'iiiiM.   Am.   I'liil.  MiH'.  iHtlil,  W2,  near  Haruiuuribo,  Dutch 

Guluna. 

mil  illlllUiHtifa,  tJI'NTIIKIl,  rHt.,11, '.'Ml,  IMH) 
, ml  ••iiiiiiiiia.  liI'MIII  K.Cill.,  II,'JH7.  IHIUI. 

■I.iiiniit  t'liitiiniisiniiiiiiini.  (i  In  I'll  Kit.  ('ill.,  ii.rrjO,  ImIUI. 
.Inliiiin  i'iiiiimii'<iniuiuii,  Sri':iM>A<'IINKii,  Si'lun.  llrii.HJl  , '.',  IHIH. 
liiinriunii'iiiitmuiiiiiiiiinuK,  •Ihuiian  \  KinKN.MAMNif, ('...'IhU. 

i7ii».  iM.ujioNnoN  iiKT»;i(oi.»;nHi  (iii.>..k«i). 


||i>a<l  '.\k   to  :H;    tloplh  'AS   to  'M,     I ».  X    I.  -JH  or  L'K;  A.  11,7;  n.iiI««m    iri. 
(';iiiil.'il  rlioiiiWif,   itH  N'ti^tb   ji   tliat  of  lirail ;  liuily   latlirr  «>loiiKal«Ml,  tlix 

I I  iiHicli  aH  ill   (tfihiDHviDii   ifii>'n;iiH  lint  tlio  lii-utl  Iohh  il<«|iri'NHUil ;  |ir   llitt 

ili'|iii  .sMutl  altovu  o.ve;  cyii  4  in  In-atl,  an  Ion;;  j^h  tho  Hiioiit,  which  Ih  latlirr 
liMiu,  lihritiNh  lit  tip;  priMnliitiil  ,i  IimikIIi  ol'ityu;  iiiontli  inoil«>i'ut<>,  liori- 
/(iiital;  niiixillary  tixti'inlin^;  to  Ixtlow  iniiUlIn  of  oy«>,  L'^  in  lirati ;  tortli  in 
iiiiiin  HcriuH,  ontor  Huiit'H  of  tlio  nppurjaw  N«»in«)\vlnit  loiiKin,  tinmo  of  tho 
liiui  I  J.'iw  all  HnlMM|ual;  proop«'rclo  oiitiro  (in  tin-  li^nri');  ni-alrrt  of  tlio 
clink  cyrloiil,  tliuNi)  of  tlio  oporclo  antl  lioily  (itnioid;  Hi  Ni;rii>H  of  NcalcH 
iiliiiM-liio  latorul  linu,  ID  liolow  it;  NpinoiiH  ilorHul  littlr  lon^iT  tliaii  hi^li, 
tho  .spiniH  nIoikIoi*,  Hcarcoly  lloxiblo,  tlio  tliinl  lon^ust,  '2  in  ln-a<l ;  Molt  dor- 
Hiil  ili'iiHuly  Ht-aly,  the  hni-rfHt  ray  L"j  in  head;  Hecoiiil  anal  Npini>  Hinall, 
littit*  liin^tT  than  tho  cyo,  ;<<i  in  lusid;  poctoralH  \{  in  hrad.  C(»loi'  ^rt'un- 
jgli  (ir  blninh-Kiiiy  ahovo,  silvrry  l)«<lo\v;  tiiiH  ytdlowinh.  Surinam;  not 
siMii  liy  iiH,  porhapH  not  bclonKii>K  to  this  ^uiiiih.  {tn-fjo^,  ditVcrent; 
,\f7rii,  .scale.) 

Jiiliiiiiis  lieti'foli'iiiM,  Jti.KKKKK.  ArcliivcH  NrttrlaiiiliiiNCH,  vni,  IHTII,  l.^iH,  with  pliilc,  Surinam. 
.Seii,  nil  lifti'ivli'pill,  .loUliAN  »V   KlilEN-MAN-N, /.  c,  lO.'i. 


I   ■: 


179».  l>LA4nOS4  IO>  SIIKI\A.MK>SIS  ( I'.Ioi  kcr). 

Iloiiil  It;, ;  dupth  '.ij,.  I>.X-I,:il  tolC);  A.II,(i;  onlargod  flciilcH  in  lateral 
liuoMhont  50,  about  KM)  in  a  loiiKitinlinal  stirioH  above  it.  Herond  anal 
H|iiiii'  large  and  Htroii^,  its  length  2  to  It  in  head;  teetii  of  lower  jaw  with 
the  inner  Burie.s  uuHHiderably  enlarged;  snont  very  Hliort,  blunt,  5.^  in  head; 
liead  depressed  above  the  eyes;  month  huge,  rather  oblii|iie,  subinferior, 
tiic  iiia.villary  2^^  in  head,  reaching  jtast  eye;  bai-k  elevattul;  ventral  out- 
line nearly  straight;  caudal  peduncle  slender;  preorbital  broad,  a  little 
narrower  than  eye,  which  is  .5,^  in  head;  preoperclo  rounded,  nearly  or 
ijiiite  entire;  teeth  of  outer  series  in  upper  jaw  and  inner  series  of  lower 


riic  lollowiii^  iH  tlH!.>4iilmtiiiicnol'  I'rol'cusorCoiic'H  dcHcriptioii  of  Comnii  muuafantha: 
FifNt  viMitral  ray  iiruibiccU  an  a  lilaiiicnt  whicli  reaclicH  jiaHl  the  vent ;  |i8(iuiloliranuliiii- 
nolle;  i\vfH  .')  ill  hVai);  (Icptli  «<i|iial  to  lenj^tli  of  licad;  |>reu|iercln  Hliarp,  HcrVatr;  on  itn 
vertical  luar^iii;  pliar,vii};<'al  patches  of  tenth  Hiiiail,  tli«  teclli  briHily;  <:aii(lul  tin  hiiIi- 
laiieeohitc:  jioctorals  as  lon^  aH  vcnirals  witlioiil  lilaiiioiitH;  anal  spiueH  Hliort,  siuglu  in 
tvpiciil  Hpc(^inieim;  color,  silvery,  graylsli  above;  no  Npots.  ').  X-I,  33;  A.  1,5.  .Scales 
l'u-4!t  10. 

i  lileckcr's  figure  represoutH  the  species  as  liaviii)i  the  pruopvrcle  entire  as  in  Johmu.i 
iiud  I'lajiuacivH.    In  other  rugurds  it  resouibles  Ophioucion. 


'11 


ff:;, 


11 


n 


■■*( 


■ 


^ri! 


'1 

i 


1420         Bulletin  //,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


notably  enlarged ;  doiaal  npines  slender,  the  highest  2^  in  hea<l;  po  tor;)] 
IK  in  head;  vcntrals  Ij^;  scales  all  ctenoid.  Color  grayish  above,  silvt'iy 
below;  upper  vertical  fins  punctate;  lower  fins  yellowisJi;  axil  il.ak. 
(>Steiudac)iuur.)  Rivers  of  Guiana,  Veuexuela,  and  Colombia;  not  seen 
by  us. 

l'8euilo»ei(i'iia  turinammtit,  Iti.KKKEK,  Arch.  Noorl.  Sci.  Exact,  ct  Nut.,  viii,  187 ;,  4.,j 

S'lrinam. 
,Sci(ena  u.aijdalena',  KteiNDAcii.nkk,  /ur  FiHc.li-Faiiua  «!«)«  ^Magdiilcntai-Ktruiiu-H,  (;,  1878 

Magdalena  Bay, Venezuela. 
SciieiKt  Hunnaineiirin,  Stuinuaciinku,  FiHch-Fauiia  dtiH  Caiica,  4,  1880. 

576.  LARIMUS,  Cuvier  &-  Valenciennes. 

Lariinvn,  (Ji'ViKii  &,  Valenciknnks,  Hist.  Nat  PoIhs.,  v,  145,  18;i0  (bfevicepn). 
Amblyncinn,  (Jill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  130;i,  165  {aiyentemi). 
Mononra,  Poey,  Analos  do  Hist.  Nat.  Esp.  1881,  U26  (stahli). 

Hndy  rather  elongate,  compressed;  skuU  firm,  not  greatly  cavernoiiH' 
interorbital  space  rather  narrow;  prcorbital  fiattish,  not  turgid;  upper 
Jaw  with  the  usual  slits  and  pores  little  developed ;  no  barbels ;  no  canines; 
snout  very  short,  mouth  large,  terminal,  very  oblique  or  even  vertical,  the 
lower  jaw  projecting;  teeth  minute,  e(|ual,  uniserial  or  partly  bisorial 
above;  proopercle  entire  or  nearly  so,  without  bony  teeth.  Scales  niiid- 
erate,  subetiual.  I'seudobrauchia'  well  developed.  Fins  essentially  iis  in 
linirdiella,  the  second  dorsal  long,  the  anal  short,  its  spines  modcii;:  01 
small;  fins  not  thickened  by  acce.s8ory  scalee.  (jlill  rakers  long  and  (slen- 
der.  Vertebra'  10+14.  Silvery  fishes,  all  American.  (Larimiia,  a  naiiii' 
used  by  Oppien  for  some  fish,  ''sans  signification  precise.") 

(Amiilyscion  o/it/3Aus,  blunt;  axiov,  Sciaina.): 
a.  Moiitli  large,  tho  cleft  )|uite  vertical;  protilo  slit'litly  convex,  nearly  liorizonial;  im 
traces  of  dark  Htripea  along  the  rows  of  scales;  maxillary  not  exteiuliii>;  1m  ycind 
anterior  margin  of  pupil,  2  in  head;  snout  very  short,  5J  in  head;  Vfntials  a 
little  shorter  than  itectorals  which  are  us  long  as  head.  D.  X-I,  '27;  A.  II.  (i. 

AlUfENTEl'S,  ISOO, 

Lajumi.-.. 
aa.  Mouiii  linre  or  loss  oblique,  not  quite  vertical ;  upper  parts  with  dark  atrcaUs  aloni,' 
the  rows  of  scales ;  jirofile  slightly  convex,  a  little  oblique;  maxillari'cxli'ndinj,' 
to  below  front  of  orbit,  2  in  head. 
b.  Dorsal  rays  27  to  30 ;  mouth  notably  oblique. 

c.  l'i)pi)»" parts  silvery,  without  dark  streaks  or  cross  bands;  pc^ctoials  loiii; 
and  narrow,  j'„  longer  than  head.    D.  X-I,  28  to  30. 

EKFULlil'-.NS,  l«ll. 

ce.  Upjier  parts  with  distinct  dark  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales. 

(/.  Second  anal  spine  IJ  to  24  in  head,  not  reaching  tips  of  sod  rays: 

darkstreaks  very  distinct;  mouth  less  oblique;  gill  cavity  lai').'i'ly 

black.  Acci.ivis,  1S02. 

dif.  Second  anal  spine  Ij  in  hemi,  reaching  tips  of  soft  rays;  dark  siicik. 

on  sides  not  very  distinct ;  mouth  very  oblique ;  gill  ca\  iiy  pale. 

BKEVICKI'S,  I8O;;. 

66.  Dorsal  rays  24  to  27;  mouth  still  less  oblique,  the  snout  more  convex,  the  jiro 
tile  descending  forward. 
e.  ('olor  silvery,  with  more  or  less  distinct  streaks  along  tho  rows  ft'  scales; 
no  dark  cross  bars.  \ 

/.  Second  ana!  spine  rather  short,  3  in  head;  stripes  very  distinct ;  iiec 
torals  IJ  in  head,  reaching  vent.    D.  X-I,  27;  A.  II,  6. 

PACIFlci's,  1804. 


fordan  and  F.vermann . — Fishes  of  North  America.      1421 

te.  Co!or  >»ray?.Hli,  silvery,  with  nliont  7  dnrk  vortical  crosn  biirH ;  i-iccond  nnal 
Hpiiio  Hliort,  .'1;^  in  lioitil.  litMly  lutuvy  Ibrwnrd,  iiiiicli  conipresHcd, 
tlie  snout  vory  short  and  blunt,  .'>)  in  head;  mouth  largo,  lotts 
obllqutt  than  in  other  spocies;  ti])  of  prcniaxillnry  on  hn-el  of  mid- 
dle of  i)ii|)il;  maxillary  2  in  head;  t;ill  raktTM  cxtrouiely  olonKate, 
att  long  as  eye,  I'J  l  24;  Hocond  anal  spine  short,  |  short<-r  than  the 
lirst  soft  ray.    D.  X-I,  24  to  2(1;  A.  II,  5  or  0.  KAScnATUH,  1805 

Subgenus  AMBLYSCION,  (iill. 

1800.  liARIHIIS  AUOKXTKIIS  ((iill). 

lloiul  r!,\;  depth  3;  snout  very  short,  51  in  head;  cy«  largo,  4^.  0.  X-I, 
27:  A.  II,  (5;  scales  (5-49-10.  Body  robust,  strongly  <;onipressed.  Mouth 
larirc.  1  111!  cleft  vertical ;  anterior  profile  slightly  convex,  nearly  horizontal ; 
iiiiixilliiiy  not  extending  beyond  anterior  margin  ol"  pupil,  its  end  wide 
iind  iiiincate,  2  in  head;  teeth  all  minute,  in  a  single  row  in  each  .jaw; 
preoixrcle  with  a  striated  and  cilliatud  membranacecus  border;  ;.rill  rakers 
3  leiifitli  of  eye,  7+16;  scales  on  head  all  cycloid;  lateral  line  running  out 
to  ouil  of  eaudal  rays;  highest  dorsal  spine  2jt  in  head  ;  second  anal  spine 
Htronjj.  nearly  as  long  as  rays,  its  tip  reaching  to  tip  of  last  ray,  its  length 
•l\\  veiitr::ls  a  little  shorter  than  pectorals,  which  are  about  as  long  as 
lieail.  Color  plumbeous  above,  golden  below  and  on  sides;  a  black  axil- 
lary Hpcit ;  a  large  steel-blue  oi)ercnlar  spot ;  no  traces  of  dark  stripes  along 
the  rows  of  scales.  Of  sill  known  species  of  Sciainida',  this  one  has  the 
ihoiitii  most  nearly  vertical.  There  is,  however,  in  its  strncture  nothing 
to  warrant  its  separation  as  a  distinct  genus,  Amblyscion.  Ma/atlan  to 
ranaina;  locally  common;  a  most  singul.ar  fish.     (ar*/c»i/e««,  silvery.) 

Aiiilihisciiiii  aryentens,  GiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1803,  165,  West  coast  of  Central 

America.    (Coll.  Capt.  J.  M.  Dow.) 
LariiiiiLi  nnjfulnu,  Jokdan  &  Gilbert,  Bull.  V.  S.  Fish.  Connn.  1882,  110;  .Fohdan  & 

EUiE.S.MANN,  I.  c,  375. 

Subgenus  LARIMUS. 

1801.  LARIMVS  EFFVLflEXS,  Gilbert. 

nead.'!]  to3,'o;  depth  24  to  3.  1).  XI,  28  to  30;  A.  II,  6;  P.  10.  Eye 
large,  '.V\  ft>  H  in  head;  interorbital  space  4^  to  4i;  pores  of  lateral  line 
I'J  or  ■)().  Mouth  slightly  more  oblique  than  in  L.  ncclivis,  much  less 
sdtliau  in  /..  argenteun.  Premaxillaries  anteriorly  on  a  level  with  middle 
of  pupil  (lower  i»art  of  pupil  in  L.  acdivia).  Maxillary  reaching  about 
vertical  from  front  of  pupil,  2\  to  2|  in  head.  Teeth  minute,  close-set, 
even,  in  a  single  series  in  each  jaw,  none  o':  ti^em  enlarged.  Preopercular 
marjjiu  nioinbranous,  with  ilexible  ribs  ending  in  minute  spinules.  (Sill 
rakers  very  long,  I  diameter  of  orbit,  19  or  20  on  horizontal  limb  of  arch. 
Dorsal  .s])ines  high  and  flexible,  the  first  2  not  noticeably  thickened; 
tenth  .spine  shortest;  soft  dorsal  very  long,  its  base  2^  to  2^  in  length; 
tliinl  dorsal  spine  longest,  2  to  2^  in  head;  the  longest  dorsal  ray  equals 
length  of  snout  and  eye;  second  anal  spine  very  strcmg,  2,^  in  head;  pec- 
toral very  long  and  narrow,  /if  longer  than  head,  injured  in  most  speci- 
mens; ventrals  reaching  to  or  slightly  beyond  vent,  1^  in  head;  caudal 


V         -     I 


J. 


i  r|l|l  ; 


1422  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


(h 


^1 


\y;\ 


lanceolate,  the  inidtlle  rjiys  uiuch  prodiicml,  as  long  as  bead;  tul>i  s  of 
lateral  lino  much  briinched;  definite  scaly  sheaths  along  bases  of  doiHal 
and  anal ;  basal  portions  of  moinl'ranes  of  vertical  fins  with  series  of  s(  hIih. 
Hright  silvery,  the  back  grayish;  lining  of  cheeks  black,  a  small  lilack 
blotch  on  np))er  third  of  axil ;  ventrals,  anal,  and  lower  «-audal  rays  ))i  i;r|it 
orange  yellow;  fins  otherwise  dnsky  translucent.  Length  8  inches.  I'iin. 
aina,  rather  common  ;  numerous  specimens  were  secured.  (Gilbert. )  \  (ly 
close  to  L.  acoHris,  with  which  it  agrees  in  almost  all  details  of  >iiii(. 
tare.  The  ccdor  is,  however,  bright  silvery  without  trace  of  strijies, 
as  in  //.  argenteuH.  The  p«'ctoral  fin  is  also  much  longer.  {effuUitm 
shining.) 

Larimvs  effuhjent,  (lU.nEUT  MS.,  Fifllies  <>f  rnnania  1898,  Panama.   (Coll.  (Jilltort.) 

18U'2.  liAKLMlJS  ACCMVIS,  Jordan  &  Uristol. 

Head  3i  to  3it;  dejith  2  ,"„  to  3,1.    1).X-I,  27  to  20;  A.  II,  Ty  or  (5;  scilcsfi 
or  7  (counting  from  third  dorsal  spine  obli<iuely  backward)— 47  to  I!i-I0or 
11.     Body  rol»u.st,  compressed;  the  back  somewhat  elevated ;  prolilc  cun. 
vex.     Head  narrow,  its  width  2\;  to  2^  in  its  length.     Snout  short,  '\\  toT): 
in  head.     Eye  large,  3,'„  to  3^  in  head.     Mouth  large,  the  cleft  olili(|iii., 
less  steep   than    in    L.  h.-evicvim;    hiwer   Jaw   curved,   considerably   \\\u. 
Jecting;  maxillary  extending  ai>out  to  middle  of  pupil,  2i  to  2^  in  licud. 
Tct^th  minute,  firm,  uniserial  in  each  Jaw.     Interorbital  region  (oiivex, 
1|  to  li^  in  eye.     (»ill  rakers  11  or  12 -f- 20  or  21,  long  and  slender.     I*M<i|i(r 
cle  with  a  finely  serrated  membranaceous  margin,     Least  de])tli  of  (  ainlnl 
peduncle  2J  to  3  in  head.     Scales  rather  large,  mostly  ctenoid,  cycloid  on 
head  excepting  those  on  posterior  portion  of  the  top,  the  rows  above  lat- 
eral lino  abruptly  oblique,  a  character  subject  to  great  variation;  the 
scales  in  the  lateral  line  with  about  5  or  0  tubules;  anal  and  dorsal  with.! 
sheath  at  base,  the  scales  of  which  are  cycloid;  the  sheath  beneath  the 
spinous  dorsal  not  very  distinct;  the  fins  excepting  S))inou8  dorsal,  scaled 
for  a  short  distance  above  base  with  cycloid  scales,  those  on  caudal  extend- 
ing halfway  to  its  tip.     Origin  of  spinous  dorsal  2,';  to  2*  in  orijiin  of  soil 
dorsal;  third  dorsal  spine  \l  to  IJ  in  head;  soft  dorsal  about  \\  timcHas 
long  as  head;  origin  of  anal  3^  to  3J  in  head;  second  spine  moderate,  V\ 
to  '2\  in  head,  not  reaching  tips  of  soft  rays;  ventrals  reaching  slifjlitly 
past  veut,   1';  in  head;  pectorals  reaching  slightly  past  tip  of  ventrals 
equaling,  or  li  in,  head,     (^olor  grayish  silvery,  darker  above,  dear  .silvery 
white  below;  conspicuous  dark  brown  or  black  stripes  on  back  and  sidw 
ftdlowing  the  rows  of  scales,  formed  of  more  or  less  coalescent  dark  ^mAs; 
lower  part  of  head  bright  silvery;  a  large  steel-blue  axillary  spot;  rcffion 
about  pseudobranchi.e  largely  black  ;  region  iu  lowcsr  part  of  moutli  Itri^lit 
orange,  and  traces  of  orange  in  U])per  part;   lower  mandible  blacki.^ii; 
tongue  dusky  at  tii»;  ji  somewhat  indistinct  narrow  streak  of  i>lain  dark 
brown  extending  from  a  point  in  the  rtodian  line,  ■•  the  distance  from  the 
first  dorsal  spine  to  tip  of  ])remaxillary,  obliquely  backward  and  downward 
to  or  nearly  to  the  lateral  line,  this  streak  more  clearly  seen  in  dry  s]iei'i. 
mens ;  fins  dusky  ;  spinous  dorsal  dark  brown  ;  ventrals  yellowish,  dusky  at 
tip;  both  ventrals  and  jtectorals  dark(!r  on  their  inner  than  on  their  outer 
surfaces.     This  species  di tiers  from    /,.  hrerirciiH  cbielly  in  the  sbortri 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1423 


final  spine,  the  much  iiioro  d'stiiurt  dark  lines,  the  loss  nearly  vertical 
iiHiiitli,  the  back  move  steeply  arched,  the  darker  color  of  the  j^ill  cavity. 
In  some  cases  the  direction  of  the  rows  of  scales  on  the  back  is  more 
U(  at  ly  vertical,  bnt  in  this  there  are  ^reat  variations.  West  coast  of  Mex- 
ico and  Central  America,  from  Sonorii  to  Panama ;  not  rare  on  sandy  shores. 
lit  iiutii  4}  to  (5J  inches.  Described  from  nnmerons  s])ecimens  from  San 
Juan  LiifX<»on,  Sonora,  and  from  Panama,  (ttcrlirh,  steeply  ascending, 
rct'cirinji'  to  the  direction  of  the  rows  of  scales  above  lateral  lino.) 

liiriu'im  iicvlivit,  iJoKBAN  &.  BuiSTOL,  Pr(n\  V.  H.  Nat.  ^Iim.  18!I7,  San  Juan  Lagoon, 
Soiiora.    (Coll.  .  Ibation.    Type,  No.  45,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.) 

J803.  LA11I.HU8  HKKVIOKPS,  C'livier  &.  Valeucieunes. 

(Cahezon.) 

il,  ad  lii ;  depth  3;  eye  I  in  liead.  1).  X-I,  28;  A.  JI,  fi;  scales  7  (connt- 
inj;  lioiii  third  dorsal  spine  obliquely  backward)  '18-U.  IJody  robust;  the 
prolili!  less  convex  than  in  /..  accUris.  Width  of  head  2  in  its  length; 
HnoMi  short,  5  in  head.  C!left  of  month  approachiu;;  a  ]>erpen<lienlar  much 
niorii  nearly  than  in  j^.  acrlivis;  the  lower  Jaw  less  convex;  maxillary 
2  in  liead.  Teeth  minute,  firm,  uuiserial  in  each  jaw.  Interorbital 
re<;ion  convex,  4  in  bead  and  1  in  eye.  (UU  rakers  altout  10  +  20,  long  and 
slender,  the  longest  Ij:  in  head;  least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  '.i  in 
lii'iiil.  S(tales  as  in  A.  accliria,  excepting  that  in  our  specimens  the  rows 
iiboM'  the  lateral  lino  are  rather  more  horizontal  and  therefore  fewer  in 
iiunibir  than  in  some  specimens  of  L.  acrUria.  Origin  of  spinous  dorsal  2 
ni  origin  of  soft  dorsal  and  1^  in  head;  third  tlorsal  spine  Ijj  in  hea<l ; 
second  anal  spine  1|  in  head,  reaching  to  tip  of  longest  soft  ray;  ventrals 
IJ  m  liead;  pectoral  as  l<mg  as  he.ad.  Color  silvery,  brown  a)»ove,  clear 
white  silvery  below;  the  rows  of  scales  above  with  dark  streaks,  these 
much  less  distinct  than  in  L.  acclivis ;  a  brownish  axillary  spot ;  region 
about  pseudobranchia'  but  little  dusky;  lower  part  of  mouth,  and 
sides  (d' mouth  on  upper  jaw  orange;  tip  of  tongue  and  end  of  lower 
mandible  dusky;  fins  dusky;  spinous  dorsal  darker;  ventrals  yellowish; 
upper  part  of  pectoral  dusky.  Length  10  inches.  West  Indies,  south  to 
Brazil.  Here  described  from  a  specimen  collected  by  the  Albatroas  fro!n 
St.  liUciii  and  from  a  specimen  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museuui  from  Kings- 
ton, .Faiiiaica.     {hrevia,  short;  -ceps,  head.) 

I.anmiii  hreoiceps,  CuviER  &.  Valenciennks,  Hiat.  Nat.  roias.,  v,  146,  pi.  140,  1830, 
Brazil ;  San  Domingo  ;  GOntueii,  Cat.,  u,  'JOS,  1800;  (JC'NTIIEH,  Fi.slu^s  Ceiitnil  Aiiieiica, 
;!87  ami  425, 1809;  IJkan  &  Uhesski,,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  :Mu8.  1884, 158 ;  JoitUAN  &.  Kkien- 
MANN,  /.  c,  375,  1889,  in  part,  Atlantic  8iM'cinien.s. 

:Moniislra  ttahli,'  PoEY,  Fauna  Puerto  KKiiiena,  :>26,  pi.  0,  1881,  Puerto  Rico. 

Lnniini.iKlahli,  JouUAN  &  KlOENiMANN,  l.  c,  370,  1889. 


*Mnti(isirci  niahli,  PoEY,  secum  identical  witli  L.  hrfvicepx.  The  followiufi;  is  tliti  sub- 
stanci' or  l'ooy'8  description  :  * 

Head  3,i,;  dopth  3;  ey..  3i;  suont  5.  I).  X-I,  25;  A.  IT,  5.  Body  deep,  snout  short,  the 
prolilo  ilfAcondiug  forward;  mouth  lar^^o,  maxillary  2  in  li<ad,  lower  niandiblo  produced 
and  ciirvi'd,  a  pore  on  each  mdt!  of  tlie  .symphysis;  gill  rakers  lony  and  slender:  teeth 
iiniserial.  iiumerous  and  very  small,  those  of  the  lower  Jaw  slightly  larger;  jiectorals 
lanceoliiic,  reaching  beyond  vent,  slightly  longer  than  heail;  second  anal  spine  long, 
nearly  '2  in  liead.  Color  -white,  with  faint  streaks,  hut  without  vertical  ilark  bars.  Porto 
Uico.  (Naiiu'il  for  Dr.  Agiistin  Stahl.  of  Puerto  llico,  of  whoso  collection  of  lishes  thia 
siii'cies  fiumcd  a  part.) 


"vlwwwwV'iyWtWwT'w^P 


'IS 


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; 


1424         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


1804.  LAiUHi:N  PACIFICIIS,  Jordnn  &  liollmnn. 

Iload  3  (3|);  depth  Hiiine.  D.  X-I,  27;  A.  II,  (5;  scales  fi-50-11.  l;,„iy 
<'niii]ir*-H8C(l,  fornioil  ns  in  other  sprcicB;  hack  uUnatiMl,  ro^iihirly  roumluil 
from  Hiioiit  to  last  doiMal  ray ;  ventral  outline  moHt  arcliod  autcriorly,  luiso 
of  anal  oblicpio.  Distanctt  from  ventraln  to  anal  more  than  depth  (d*  Ixiily, 
HO  that  the  vcntralH  do  not  reach  vent.  I'rofUe  of  hoad  dupressod  m-iv 
slightly  before  dorsal  and  above  eyos.  Snoat  short,  4J  in  head.  Kyc 
moderate,  equal  to  width  of  interorbital,  \  in  head.  Mouth  rather  l.iiir«; 
maxillary  reaching  posterior  border  of  eye,  2^  in  head.  Prenuixillary 
opposite  middh)  of  pupil.  Width  of  preorbital  ^  eye.  Pores  of  snout 
and  chin  as  in  other  species  of  LarimiiH.  Preopercle  with  a  narrow,  <  n  n- 
ulute,  membranous  border;  scaimlar  scale  with  w«dl-developod  incin. 
branous  teeth;  opercle  with  3  gra<luated,  stitf,  membranous  Hpines 
above  and  another  below,  (jlill  rakers,  long  an<l  8lond«>r,  longest  c(|n.il  to 
length  of  eye,  about  10-|-20.  Scales  on  head  and  anterior  part  of  Im  ust 
cycloid;  bases  of  membranes  of  fins  scaly.  First  dorsal  spine  iiisi  ited 
over  base  of  pectorals;  fourth  sjiine  longest,  2^  in  head.  Anterior  ami 
posterior  soft  lays  of  dorsal  8ube(|ual,  3  in  head.  Second  anal  8i)iu«!  nIioi  t, 
not  much  over  \  as  long  as  tirst  rays,  its  tip  not  nearly  reaching  end  of 
last  ray,  3  in  head;  second  anal  ray  2i  in  head;  distance  between  (>ri;,'iii 
of  ventrals  and  anal  *  more  thin  depth  of  body;  jtectorals  1^  in  Iicnd, 
reaching  anus;  ventrals  not  reaching  vent  by  almost  4  eye,  1-  in  IicikI. 
Coloration  i'ssentially  similar  to  that  of  L,  accUvis]  silvery,  with  coiilln 
eut  dusky  spots  forming  dark  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales;  numerous 
black  dots  from  snout  to  caudal  below  lateral  line;  opercle  api>eaiiiif,' 
dusky  externally,  because  the  skin  lining  the  region  around  psciidd- 
branchiic  is  inky  black;  dorsal,  caudal,  anal,  and  pectorals  souiewliat 
dusky;  soft  dorsal  pale  at  base,  then  with  a  dusky  and  ]>ale  longitu- 
dinal streak,  the  distal  half  dusky ;  general  coloration  less  yellow  than  in 
brcvicepa  and  the  streaks  along  scales  more  prominent.  Here  desc»ilted 
from  the  type,  a  specimen  5^  inches  long.     Off  coast  of  Colombia. 

Larimus  paciftcvs,  Jordan  «&.  Bollman,  rroc.  IJ.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1889,  161,  Pacific  Ocean, 
off  coast  of  Colombia,  at  Albatross  station  280a,  8°  38'  N.,  79°  31'  30"  W.,  between 
Galapagos  Island  and  Panama.    (Type,  No.  41168.    Coll.  Albatross.) 

1S05.  LARIMUS  FASCIATUS,  ndbrook. 

Head  3^;  depth  3;  eye  4  in  head.  D.  X-I,  24  to  26;  A.  II,  5  or  6;  scales 
5-49-9  to  11.  Body  heavy  forward,  much  compressed,  the  ba<'k  somewhat 
elevated;  ])rolile  convex;  snout  very  short  and  blunt,  .^i  in  head:  evi' 
about  equal  to  flattish  interorbital  larea;  mouth  large,  less  obli<|uc  than 
in  other  species;  tip  <»f  premaxillary  on  level  of  middle  of  pupil;  maxil- 
lary 2  in  head,  reaching  to  below  posterior  third  of  eye;  lower  mandililo 
with  a  slight  knob  at  its  symphysis,  a  small  pore  on  each  side  of  it :  teeth 
minute,  firm,  in  a  single  series  in  each  jaw;  pharyngeal  teeth  all  lon^  and 
slender;  the  pharyngeal  bones  small  and  narrow,  u.ibtriangular;  jfill 
rakers  extremely  elongate,  as  long  as  eye,  12-}-  24 ;  preopercle  with  minute 
cilia ;  third  and  fourth  dorsal  spines  about  2^  in  head ;  preopercle  with 


A .; 


Jordan  and  Evertnami. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1425 

iniiintn  ciliu;  third  an<l  fourth  doraal  Hpines  about  2;^  in  head ;  8(M-oiid  annl 
rtiiiuo  short,  \  shorter  tbiin  tlio  fir  t  iinal  ray,  its  tip  scarcely  roacbin^ 
rinl  (»r  hist  ray  whmi  spino  is  dei)resHed,  3  in  head;  scales  lar^^e,  ctenoid; 
Miiiil  ind  soft  dorsal  with  a  scaly  si  ath  at  base.  Color  in  life,  jrrayish 
,,liM'  altovc,  with  soiuo  silvery;  below,  clear  silver  wliite;  back  with  7  to 
•I  iMtlirr  conspicuous  darker  vortical  bars  extending;  to  bolo"- middle  of 
siilis;  lins  dusky  olivr;  anal  fin  and  lower  rays  of  caudal  yellow;  ventrals 
Di.inuti  yellow,  dusky  towards  tip;  lower  side  of  head  very  bright  silvery; 
iiiMilf  of  mouth  and  lining  of  gill  cavity,  cheeks  and  opercles  with  some 
li ulit  yellow.  South  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States,  from  Chesapeakit 
liuv  to  Galveston,  T«ys;  occasionally  straying  north  to  Woods  Hole, 
III  it  (onnuon,  found  in  i-ather  deep  water.     (fasciatiiH,  banded.) 

I.tiii'i'iit  fuHcintuK,  Hoi.BKOOK,  Ichtli.  .South  Carolina,  LW,  jtl.  22,  lij;.  1,  1860,  Charleston; 
(;rNTiiEU,Cnt.,n,  269, 1800;  Jukdan  &  Gn.itEiiT,  Synopsis,  578, 1883 ;  Jordan  &.  Kkien- 
,M\NN,  «.<-.,  37(1, 1880. 

577.  ODONTOSCION,  Gill. 

OttnttloKcion,  OiLL,  Pro<!.  Ac.  Nat.  vSdi.  IMiila.,  1862,  18  Ulmtex). 

This^fenns  differs  from  Larimus  mainly  in  the  presence  of  canines  and 
may  lio  ile8<'ribed  as  a  Lnrimiia  armed  with  canine  teeth.  It  also  approaches 
closolv  to  lia'mliella,  from  which  it  differs  in  lacking  the  plectroid  spine  on 
the  pn'oporcle,  and  in  the  dentition,  the  group  ElaHarchiin  lying  between 
tlip  two,  iis  does  also  the  closely  related  group  Corrula,  (ddovs>  tooth; 
dHiiii',  a  mo«lorn  Greek  name,  corresponding  to  ISciwna.) 

(I.  Doi Sill  rays  XI-1, 23;  caninos  rather  stronj;;  color  soiloil  silvery.  dkntbx,  1806. 

aa.  Dor.sal  rays  XI-1, 26 ;  u.iuinos  sniallor;  color  dark  gray  wit  I)  <iarkcr  streaks. 

XANTHOPS,  1807. 

180«.  ODONTOSCIOX  DENTEX  (Cuvier  &  Valenciennes). 

(COHVINA.) 

Head  '^  to  3J;  depth  3i;  eye  3J  to  4  in  head;  snout  4.  D.  XI  or  XII-I, 
2;^;  A.  II,  8;  scales  7-49  to  52-10.  Teeth  in  each  jaw  in  a  single  series, 
tbo  1'  (rout  teeth  in  lower  jaw  large  canines,  some  of  the  teeth  on  the 
side  of  the  lower  jaw  also  enlarged,  canine-like;  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw 
iarj-est  forward,  smaller  than  those  in  the  lower  jaw ;  body  oblong,  com- 
pressed, the  profile  straight  and  rather  steep ;  snout  short,  blunt ;  eye  large ; 
lireopcrclo  ronnded  without  any  distinct  spines,  with  creuulated  mem- 
l)riiiia('cuus  margin ;  highest  dorsal  spine  2  in  head ;  distance  from  first  anal 
npiiie  to  middle  of  base  of  caudal  3,v  in  length ;  distance  from  vent  to  first 
iinal  .spine  1^  in  base  of  anal;  second  anal  spine  much  shorter  than  rays, 
its  tip  when  depressed  not  reaching  to  ti])  of  last  ray,  its  length  3  in  head ; 
iiiontii  large,  oblique,  maxillary  reaching  beyond  middle  of  orbit,  2  in 
liead;  preorbital  very  narrow,  about  4  in  eye;  gill  rakers  long  and  stiff, 
5-1-14;  lower  pharyngeals  small,  with  conical  teeth;  scales  thin,  ctenoid; 
Hoft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly ;  scales  below  lateral  line  in  nearly  horizontal 
series;  dorsal  spines  long  and  slender,  separated  from  soft  dorsal;  the  spine 
uf  soft  dorsal  short  and  stout;  caudal  subtruncate,  upper  lobe  longer;  anal 


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1420         Dulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

Hbort  und  hi};b.  aocnnd  nnal  Hpin<>  2^-  in  head;  ventralH  halfway  to  nnul, 
pectoralH  Ijj  in  head.  Color  dusky  silvi'iy,  overywliore  soiled  with  diuk 
pointN,  which  form  fuint  HtreiikH  aloii^  tho  Nerit'S  of  sralos;  nnoiit  aiidnnte- 
rior  part  of  tlm  chin  black;  npi)«r  part  of  baHO  of  pectoral  and  iixil 
black.  Length  1  foot.  West  IndioH ;  goucrally  common ;  u  food-iish  of  .somo 
itnportanco.     (denttx,  toothed.) 

i'orvinn  dentex,  Ctvnou  &.  Vai.knciknnkh,  Hist.  Nut.  I'oisH.,  v,   lltO,  j>l.  109,  IKIJO,  San 

Domingo. 
I.aiiiiiii*  ilvntex,  (iOntmkb,  «Jat.,  ii,  261»,  1«(I0. 
OilontoHcinn  dfiitex,  PtjEy,  SynopHis,  :{25,  1808;  JonnAN  *  Eiornmann,  I.  c,  :177,  l«8!t. 

1807.  OnOXTOSnON   XAMIIOPS,  Gilbert. 

Head  H;  depth  3?;  eye^Jin  bead;  8nout4Jt.  1).  XII,  27;  A.  11,8;  I'.  17; 
pores  in  lateral  lino  "tO.  Head  and  body  elongate,  compressed,  naiidw. 
Dorsal  and  ventral  ontlinea  nearly  equally  curved;  profile  slightly  do. 
pressed  over  front  of  orbits,  the  snout  bluntisb,  not  protruding ;  Jaws  eq  nal, 
the  lower  wholly  included,  the  sympbysis  prominent,  slightly  passiu;;  tli« 
|)reniaxillaries ;  nnnith  very  obli(iue,  the  nnixillary  reaching  slightly  heliind 
middle  of  eye,  2.^  in  bead;  tip  of  maxillary  broad;  mental  and  mstnl 
pores  of  moderate  si/e,  not  conspicuous;  a  series  of  slender  (tanincs  in  iouir 
Jaw,  preceded  by  an  irregular  outer  villiforni  row,  most  evident  tnwMid 
symphysis;  the  series  of  canines  turns  inward  and  backward  on  the  sym- 
pbyseal  protuberance,  the  innermost  pair  enlarged,  directed  baekwiinl; 
upper  Jaw  with  a  series  of  conical  teeth,  similar  to  those  on  sides  orinnii- 
dible,  separated  by  a  consi<lerable  inteispace  from  an  inner  series  of  very 
small,  close-set  teeth,  directed  backward.  Eye  very  large,  subcircular:  a 
d«!finite  supraorbital  ridge;  interorbital  width  4^  ;  suborbitals  narrow;  jirt" 
opercular  margin  without  definite  spines,  with  minute  creniilations,  wh'u-h 
end  in  spinous  points.  Gill  ralcers  long  and  slender,lG  on  horizontal  liiiili  of 
arch,  the  longest  i  diameter  of  orbjt.  Spinous  dorsal  very  high,  of  weak, 
flexible  s]»ineN,  none  of  which  is  thickened;  third  spine  highest,  as  lonj; 
as  snout  and  eye;  eleventh  spine  shortest;  second  anal  spine  stroiijr^ 
equaling  length  of  snout  and  A  of  eye;  pectorals  short,  not  roiicliiiif; 
tips  of  ventrals,  l,'',,  in  hea<l;  ventrals  not  reaching  vent,  extending  hiilf- 
way  from  thoir  base  to  front  of  anal;  caudal  apparently  short  ami 
rounded,  somewhat  mutilated  in  the  type,  as  are  the  soft  dorsal  and  aM.d. 
Scales  largo,  weakly  ctenoid  ex(!ei)t  on  head,  where  they  are  cyoldid; 
maxillary,  tip  of  mandible,  and  extreme  tip  of  snout  naked;  head  otlier- 
wisc  comi>letely  invested ;  a  definite  sheath  of  scales  at  base  of  soft  dorsal ; 
soft  portions  of  all  the  vertical  fins  with  membranes  scaled.  Dark  steel 
giay,  with  olive  tinge  above,  silvery  below,  the  lower  parts  coarsely  i)iiiic- 
tate  with  brown;  blackish  stieaks  follow  tho  row  of  scales,  thoso  Inlow 
the  lateral  line  broad,  horizontal,  conspicuous,  those  above  lateral  lino 
narrower,  less  intense,  the  anterior  ones  directed  obliquely  upwaid,  those 
iin  ler  soft  dorsal  nearly  horizontal;  fins  dusky,  the  anal,  lower  ciuidiil 
lo')e,  and  tiie  terminal  portion  of  ventrals  black ;  iris  bright  yellow.  \U>q\' 
of  mouth  and  sidesof  mandible  within  orange  yellow,  the  membrane  within 
mandibular  teeth  black ;  tongue  faintly  yellow ;  a  dusky  yellow  bar  above 


■H'- 


'A- 


Jordan  and  F.vermaiDi. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1427 

jiiiil  1  bolow  pseudohiimchiii',  the  jjill  cavity  otlierwiHo  silvery.     Paiiainii; 
.1  mIiikIo  Hpeoiinen  7A  inchrH  lonf;.     ((Jilliert.)     (linOd?,  yellow;  (.)0.  «'y«0 

{hl'iitoxfinn  x(inthoi>s,  UiLiiKKT,  MS.,  KixheH  of  I'unuiiia,  IHDH,  Panama,    (('nil.  (illbort.) 
578.  CORVULA,  .Fordau  A   Kigt'iinianii. 

Cnrriila,   .I()in>AN   \-    EldKNMANN,    Ucvlcw  of    tilt'  Sciii'llltlli'  of  Klll'o|i<'  anil    AliliM-irii,    ill 
linjiort  V.  S.  I'IhIi  (%>imii.  IHHfi  (1«H«),  ;177  {hiitahanii). 

'\'\m  j.feiius  is  cloHely  allied  to  ISairdiclht  in  nearly  all  reH|M'('ts,  Imt,  with 
tlio  ])re<>i>orclo  etitiru  ami  iiiiarnxd  an  in  LarlmnH.  'I'lio  HpocieM  ditVui' 
('(iiisidorably  among  thoniH(dvo<4,  and  tlii'y  turm  with  iMiimus  a,\\i\  (UUnttug- 
ciiiu  an  aln>i».st  ccnitinnona  Heries.  American.  (Diminutive  of  Corrus, 
ciow,  as  in  also  the  name  Corrina,  a]iplied  by  tlm  I.,atin  raciss  to  lishcs  of 
tliiH  i;roiip,  perha|)8  in  alluaiou  to  their  cruakiug  noise  proUucod  by  the 
coiniilieated  air  bladder.) 

II.  r.ody  riitlior  sliort  aiid  (l(trt|i,  depth  2.^  to  3J  in  length;   iliHtiint'o  from  insertion  of 
vcntralH  to  liritt  iinal  sjiiiie  ahoiit  eiiiial  to  ile|>tli  of  Ixxly;  color  Hllvcry,  imiiiilly 
with  iliisky  Htrt-akH  aloiif;  the  rows  of  hcuIi'm. 
h.  Dorsal  rays  XI-I,  25;  iiostcrior  dornal  rayn  iiiiich  Hliorterthan  the  antiTior  ones; 
eye  very  large,  3J  in  liead;  dorsal  outline  strongly  convex,  Roniewhat  ele- 
vated anteriorly ;  color  dark  lirowii,  paler  liolow  ;  upjier  J  of  body  with  very 
distinct  dark  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales;  |iectoral  and  eapecially  anal 
with  dark  ]M>iiitH:  biiHe  of  spinoiis  dorsal  light  yellow;  niiiiieroiiH  dark  dots 
on  Ix^lly,  lower  part  of  sides,  and  under  side  of  head.  macrdi'R,  180K. 

hh.  Dorsal  rays  X   I,  28;   ]iosterior  rays  of  soft  dorsal  higher  than  the  anterior 
ones;  dorsal  outline  strongly  and  regiilar'y  convex  and  elevated,    (/'olor, 
silvery  white,  darker  above;  sides  and  back  with  rather  distinct  dark  lines 
along  the  scales;  spinous  dorsal,  tips  of  ventrals  and  anal  dusky;  upper 
part  of  head  brownish ;  lowe-'^artof  liead,  tdieek,  and  breast  with  numer- 
ous rusty  dots,  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  rusty.  siAi.is,  1K01). 
hbh.  Dorsal  rays  X  to  XII-I,  2H  to  25;  Jaws  eiiiial;  outer  tt*th  above  enlarged, 
lower  teeth  nearly  uniserial;  preopercle  with  llexible  serra';  second  anal 
H]>ine,  3.J  in  bead;  caudal  tin  siibtruncate. 
c.  Maxillary  reaching  middle  of  pupil,  2^  in  head;  pectorals  rather  long. 

sni.KtiUAi.ia,  1810. 
ec.  Maxillary  reaching  beyond  middle  of  jiiipil,  2},  in  huad ;  pectorals  very  short ; 
D.  XT-I,  23;  A.  TI,  8;  color  silvery,  with  very  distinct  dark  longitudinal 
strijies.  8AN(  T.^K-I,lCI,l-;,  IKII. 

(III.  I'.ody  rather  elongate  and  compressed,  the  dejith  3J  in  length;  distaiu'e  friuii  inser- 
tion of  ventrals  to  tiist  anal  H|iiiio  ^  greater  than  depth  of  body;  iHilorntion 
dusky,  with  conspicuous  dark  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales. 

11ATAHANA,  1812. 


1808.  t'OKVITLA    IHACIKU'K  (^-.teindacllneI■). 

(VA(!U»)<'t'A.) 

Head  3.V;  depth  3.  D.  XI-I,  25;  A.  II.  {>;  scales  S-.')({-ll;  eye  ^  in  head; 
snout  IJ;  maxillary  2,V;  lon<i;est  dorsal  spine  I'i;  longest  dorsal  ray  2;}; 
second  anal  spine  2,^ ;  ventrals  1.} ;  pectoral  li ;  eandal  fin  K.  IJodj' oblong, 
moderately  compressed,  not  mnch  elevated;  dorsal  outline  uniform  from 
tij)  of  snout  to  «audal  peduncle;  ventral  outline  rounded  from  chin  to 
breast,  then  straight  to  anal  spine,  then  sinnting  obliquely  upward  to 


V  '■■ 


i 


ii 


i'Hi 


i'lif 


1428  IhiUctin  ,7,  UuHed  States  National  Mnsctim. 

oaudul  {tediincle.  Hiiotit  blunt,  Hhortur  than  lar|;u  t-ye ;  n))per  Jaw  gliglit  !y 
]irojectiiig,  teeth  biiiuU  uihI  Hharp,  in  1  or  2  irregular  sories  in  lower  Jaw, 
in  Hevoral  series  iu  uppt^r  Jaw,  the  outer  row  slightly  enlarged;  niaxilliii  v 
extending  to  posterior  edge  of  pupil;  chin  with  4  large  pores;  edge  nf 
preopercle  covered  witli  skin,  which  is  serrated  on  the  edge.  («ill  rakcis 
slender,  9  +  1>^>  scales  ctenoid  on  the  body,  cycloid  on  the  head.  Hpiumis 
dorsal  a  little  higher  than  soft  dort^til;  first  dorsal  spine  very  short,  secoiiil 
about  5  times  longer,  third  twice  as  long  as  second,  third,  fourth,  liltli, 
and  sixth  aubequal,  the  others  rapidly  shorter;  first  anal  spine  very  sniiill, 
the  second  many  times  longer  and  stouter,  bnt  shorter  than  soft  rays; 
ventrals  inserted  behind  pectorals  and  reaching  beyond  them;  camlal 
truncate.  Ground  color  silvery,  but  so  closely  set  with  small  dark  brown 
points  as  to  almost  obscure  the  silver;  sides  with  about  4  faint  dark  cross 
bands  and  with  conspicuous  bhick  stripes  following  the  rows  of  scales, 
about  11  horizontal  sM-ipes  below  lateral  line,  those  above  slantiii;,' 
obliquely  upward  anteriorly,  but  becoming;  horizontal  posteriorly;  tips 
of  veutrals  and  anal  black,  other  fins  dusky.  Hero  described  from  a  tine 
specimen  froi^the  Astillero  at  Ma/atlan,  S  inches  in  length.  Pacific  (.'oust 
of  tropi<'al  America;  recorded  only  from  Ma/.atlan  and  I'anama;  appai- 
ontlyrare;  our  specimens  from  Ma/.atlan  and  I'anama  nnieh  darker  tiiaii 
Stoindachuer's  type,  which  was  deeper,  the  depth  2A  iu  length,  (fiax/jn:. 
large;  aiip,  eye.) 

Coivina  maeiopg,  Stkindacuner,  Iclitli.  Hcitr.,  in,  24,  fig.  2,  1875,  Panama. 
Scimna  warrDim,  .Tokdan  &.  Gii.iiKitT,  Itiill.  U.  S.  Vish.  Coniiii.  18HI,  :iIO. 
Coivula  macropa,  .Joiidan  &,  Kkienmann,  I.  c,  37'J,  1889;  Joudan,  FisliOH  of  .Siiialon.  in 
Proi;.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  468. 

1800.  t'OltVriiA  SIAIilS,  Jordan  &  EiKLiiinaiiii. 

IleadSf;  depth  2j;  eye  5  in  head.  D.  X-I,  28;  A.  II,  8.  Body  com- 
l)res8ed;  the  back  elevated,  regularly  rounded  from  snout  to  posterior 
margin  of  soft  dorsal;  ventral  outline  almost  straight  from  chin  to  first 
anal  spine;  base  of  anal  oblique;  caudal  peduncle  short  and  thick.  Pro- 
lile  slightly  convex  posteriorly,  somewhat  depressed  over  the  eyes ;  snout 
rather  acute,  slightly  longer  than  eye;  eye  H  in  iuterorbital  area;  proor- 
bital  i  as  wide  as  eye;  mouth  moderate;  maxillary  extending  past  pupil. 
its  length  21^  in  head;  preuiaxillary  anteriorly  on  level  with  the  lower 
border  of  the  orbit;  lower  jaw  included;  maxillary  broad,  not  entirely 
concealed  by  the  preorbital  when  the  mouth  is  shut.  Teeth  of  the  lower 
Jaw  blunt,  conical,  in  2  series,  those  of  the  inner  series  much  larger  than 
those  of  the  outer;  upper  jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of  villiforni  teeth  and 
an  outer  series  of  larger  teeth,  which  are  remote  from  each  other  and 
decrease  iu  size  toward  the  angle  of  the  mouth.  Chin  with  5  small  pons; 
snout  with  6  pores,  arranged  in  a  _-~-  shaped  figure.  Preopercle  with 
a  narrow,  crenulate,  membranous  border;  opercle  with  2  scarcely  distin- 
guishable spines;  scapular  scale  entire.  Gill  rakers  mo»lerately  devel- 
oped, about  i  as  long  as  the  eye,  5-1-12;  psendobranchia;  large.  Scales 
about  the  head  in  front  of  dorsal  and  on  anterior  part  of  breast  cycloid, 
marked  with  concentric  striie ;  those  on  top  of  the  head  embedded,  indis- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1429 


<j 


titii't;  floalna  of  the  body  all  ctenoid;  luombraneR  of  caudal,  iitiiil,  and  Hoft 
(Idisiil  d'Dsoly  (-ovorod  with  niiniito  Hcahm  nearly  to  thtMr  tips.  Firat 
iloisiil  Hpine  short,  inserted  over  the  hasr  of  the  pectoral;  fonrth  dorHal 
s|iiiio  highest,  reaching  to  soft  dorsal,  lA  in  head;  anterior  dorsal  rays 
Hlioitur  than  the  ndddle  and  posterior  onus,  the  eleventh  longer  than 
tin  tourth  by  an  eye's  diameter,  littht  niorr  than  \  the  length  of  the 
III' III;  soft  dorsal  very  liroadly  rounded  jtosteriorly ;  caudal  short,  broad, 
rounded  behind;  anal  inserted  posteriorly,  the  tips  of  the  anal  extending 
III  Illy  as  far  as  the  tips  of  the  dorsal ;  second  anal  spine  moderate,  sean-ely 
nil  lilt  that  ji  length  of  the  rays,  little  b-ss  than  \\  in  head  ;  ventrals  lanceo- 
hiti ,  slightly  longer  than  the  ronnded  ]>ectorals,  Hin  head.  Color  light 
lirowiiish  above,  silvery  on  sides  and  below,  the  centers  of  the  scales  with 
iiiiniy  ilark  dots,  these  forming  horizontal  lines  along  the  series  of  scales 
bi'JDW  the  lateral  line,  and  obliqne,  irregnlar,  often  interrupted,  lines 
iihiive  tlie  lateral  line;  all  the  tins  with  dark  dots;  spinous  dorsal  dusky; 
Hiilt  dorsal  brownish  for  \  of  its  height;  the  other  %  pale;  anal  and  tips 
ot'  ventrals  dusky;  pectoral  pale;  head  with  many  minnte  rusty  dots, 
Mivse  aggregated,  and  forming  brownish  spots  on  the  maxillary  and  lower 
purl  of  the  head.  Length  6J  inches.  Florida  Keys;  known  from  1  speci- 
iiieii.    (d/crAo?,  plamp.) 

Cirnila  leialis,  JoKUAN  ic  KioENMANN,  K«))ort  U.  iS.  FIhIi  Cuiiiiii.  fur  1880  (1889),  370,    Key 
West.    (Type,  No.  26575.     Coll.  Sila«  StoaniH.) 

1810.  t'OKVULA   KlIB.Ki^lJAIilN  (Puey). 

Ill  ad  3i;  depth  about  3jt;  eye  4^  in  head;  snout  4^.  I).  XIl-1, 22  to 24; 
A.  II,  i»;  scales  about  46.  Form  of  Corrida  8ialia,  bnt  the  body  more  elon- 
i;iite;  Jaws  equal;  outer  teeth  above  enlarged,  lower  teeth  nearly  nnise- 
rial:  lyo  large;  snout  bluntish;  maxillary  2j^  in  head,  extending  to  middle 
of  |)ii|>il;  preopercle  with  flexible  serra^;  second  anal  spine  3i|  in  head; 
raiuliii  tin  subtruncate.  ('olor  silvery,  with  faint  streaks  along  the  rows 
of  sillies  above.  West  Indies;  scarce.  We  refer  2  specimens  from  St. 
Thoiiias  to  this  species,  although  they  ditler  in  sonu^  respects  troin  I'oey's 
(liscription  of  Cori'ina  subwiiualia.  The  more  elongate  body  and  the 
smallir  number  of  dorsal  rays  distingnish  aubwqualis  readily  from  sialia. 
{subo'iiuaH8,  nearly  equal.) 

Corviitaiuhmqualis,  Poky,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  Ni^w  York  1875,  58  Cuba.' 
Corvuta  subcequalu,  Joudan  &  Eioenmann,  I.  c,  380,  1889. 

1811.  OORVILA  SAXCLK-IiLTl.E,  Jordan 


Mtiid  3i;  depth  34;  eye  3?  in  head;  8nout4J.  I).  XI-I,  23;  A.  II,  8;  scales 
(i-l()-10.  Body  oblong,  moderately  compressed,  the  back  moderately  ele- 
vat(;(l.    Head  rather  short  and   blunt,  the  anterior  profile  uniform  and 


'rill'  following  is  the  Bitbstance  of  Poey's  account  of  his  Corvina  stibeetjualis :  Body 
ratlii'i'  elongate;  eye  3J  in  head;  snout  sbort,  rounded;  mouth  moderate;  maxillary 
ixttiiiliiif;  toliolow  nnierior  margin  of  pupil,  tliejaws  siibequal;  teeth  in  fine  bands,  the 
mitiT  srrios  longer,  and  larger  above  than  below;  sympliisis  witli  4  pores;  preopercle 
thinly  ilciitate;  dorsal  fins  separated;  stic-ond  dorsal  spine,  stout;  caiulal  with  a  salient 
aiiftli':  base  of  anal  si-aly:  anal  spine  rather  strong,  its  insertion  rather  posterior;  color 
silvery ;  depth  3J  <with  caudal) ;  bead  3g.    D.  X-1, 25 ;  A.  II,  7. 


ni^ 


■  pi«pi;iii,i«jp m  Mimmm^w iyi|iiKiiwi.i vipi  II 


1430  liuUefin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


ii 


■;,ii! 


Hli^htly  iirrhotl.  Snout  Hluirt,  Hliortur  tliitn  «*yf;  oyo  Inr^e,  ii  litllu  f^n-uifr 
than  inh'i'orliital  H|)ti<!i);  nionth  ruiiHitlorably  ol)li<|no,  Mio  JawH  oiiniil,  iIh, 
pnMuuNillary  in  fVoiit  «>n  th*<  l«)v<-l  (»f  lowor  part  of  |>n|»il,  tlio  niaxillnr.v 
oxtuniliii^  to  bcynnti  lino  of  niiddlo  of  pupil,  2^  in  hcutl ;  teoth  of  ii|i|ii'i 
Jaw  in  a  narrow  band,  tlio  outur  inodrratrly  t-nlarKud;  ttiotli  of  io\vi-i  ||^^ 
inoileriitf,  not  <|iiite  fi«|uul,  alnioHt  in  ono  Horien;  prm>p<>rcb«  with  itH  nuMn. 
branoiiN  (mIk««  lintdy  lUnitatit;  ^iil  raknrH  lon^  and  Hhuidrr,  about  .i-|  l.'i, 
HraloH  lar^^o  and  firm,  thoHi^  above  latoral  linn  anteriorly  in  HoricH  p!ii;illc| 
with  it;  at  a  point  i»olow  hiHt  diUHal  rayH  tuudi  Herit^s  Ih  Hudd»nly  \w\\\ 
upward,  and  thon  tt)>;ain  buconwH  liori/ontal;  rowH  of  HrabtH  bidow  Ijittiuj 
line  liorizontal  an<l  nearly  Htrai^^ht.  l>orHalHpin»HNl«ndfr;  Hoft  dorN.il  \\\\i\ 
anal  actaly  atbaHo;  caudal  (broken)  apparently  Hubtrun<-ato;  pectoral  \iry 
sh«>rt,  roaehiu);  about  to  oi^hth  dotHal  spinu;  anal  HUiall,  lUHurtvd  buck- 
ward,  itH  HC(;ond  Hpinu  moderate.  lli"tunro  friun  lUHcrtion  of  ventr;ilt(i 
tirst  analNpine  11,  timoH  dt^pth  of  body,  (lobuation  uilvery,  with  about  It 
horizontal  dark  stripes,  these  Htripes  *'ontiniU)UH,  und  those  above  Imiid 
upward  undernoath  last  dorsal  spines;  (ins  pale  yellowish,  all  more  or  IfNg 
soiled  with  dark  (toints;  a  faint  dark  axillary  H[iot ;  lining  of  ^ill  liiviiy 
pale.  West  Indies;  1  specimen  known,  W\  inithes  lon^,  from  Port  CahlricN, 
Island  of  St.  Lucia.    (SanrUr-hicuv,  St.  Lucia.) 

Corviila  snuetiv-liicitf,  .Ioudan,  I'roc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1H81»,  041),  Port  Castries,  St.  Lucia. 
(Tjpe,  No.4173i!.    Coll.  Mhtilru^n.) 

1812.  (  OKVIIliA  BATAIUNA  (Pocy). 

Head  3^ ;  dipth  Hi ;  eye  M  ;  snout  l^.  1).  XI-I, !.'«;;  A.  II,  8;  scalestur.O-T. 
Itody  oblong',  compressed,  the  depth  nearly  uniform  from  ventrals  to  vent; 
belly  very  lonj{,  the  distan<-o  from  ventrals  to  anal  .j  jijreater  than  liiptli 
of  body;  profile  nearly  .straight  and  hori/ontal ;  utouth  rather  wide;  max- 
illary 2^  in  head,  reaching  middle  of  eye;  upper  jaw  with  several  scrit's 
of  minute  teeth  and  an  outer  somewhat  enlarged  series;  lower  jaw  witlm 
single  series  of  rather  strong  teeth,  a  pair  of  minute  canin«>-like  teetii  iit 
the  symphysis;  snout  short,  without  ])ores;  chin  with  5  large  pores;  pre- 
operele  with  a  crentilato,  dermal  border;  gill  rakers  slightly  longer  Ihiiii 
pupil,  5-f-  13;  lower  pharyngeals  with  many  small  teeth,  some  of  the  inner 
ones  mueh  elongate;  eye  slightly  shorter  than  snout,  about  e(|ual  to  the 
interorbital  area;  scales  large,  their  exposid  edges  much  striated,  the 
striae  ending  in  cilia;  scales  below  lateral  Viw  in  undulate,  suldiori/ontiil 
series;  lateral  line  slightly  curved,  becoming  straight  above  anal;  .soft 
portions  of  vertical  fins  densely  covered  with  scales;  soft  dorsal  and  anal 
with  a  scaly  sheath  at  their  bases ;  dorsal,  caudal  and  anal  rounded  Ixliinil: 
ventrals  slightly  longer  than  pectorals,  !,•  in  head.  Color  coppery-giiivisli, 
with  many  minute  brown  points;  scales  of  back  and  sides  each  with  a 
dark  spot,  these  forming  very  distinct  dusky  stripes  along  the  sei Iih  (it 
scales;  stripes  below  the  lateral  line  mostly  of  continuous  spots,  tluKsi- 
above  broken  and  irregular;  upjter  part  of  head  and  (ins  uniform  brown- 
ish, with  many  minute  points.  Cuba  and  Porto  Kico;  not  raw,  but  not 
seen  elsewhere ;  our  specimen  frcun  Havana.  Its  strongly  marked  colora- 
tion is  a  very  unusual  trait  in  this  family.     {Jlatabitno,  the  type  locality.) 


fi"  ' 


Jordan  (t)ni  livcrniauu .  —lualws  of  I\\)rth  America.      1431 


,l,.l.,ntiiili)i(nhanuii,  I'uEV,  MniniinitH,  ii,  IKI,  IHIHI.  Batabano,  South  coast  of  Cuba;  I'oKV, 

|.<,iiiiiii  I lio  Kiiiiiiriit.  :il!7,  IHHl. 

l,,,i„ni»liiitahatiUM,  JniiHAN,  Vror.  \' .  H.  Nul.  Miih.  IHHIl,  4:i. 
r..i-i  iilil  liiilillinnil.  ,I(>I(I>AN   il.   KlOKNMANN,  {.  (<„  llgd,  IHHI). 

579.  ELATTARCHUS,  .lonliiii  A  Kvoiniuiin. 

/ /,(/^(|•C/»IM,  JOKIIA.N  iV    KVKUMANN,  ( 'lH>ckl.lHt,  1107,   \m]  {<l  Ifliiiliiilii) . 

TIliN  ^(M)iiH  JH  vitr.v  4'loHc  t(>  lUt'trdielUi  tVoiii  wliicli  it  dillorH  in  tho  ))i'uHKnr» 
III  >li'inlcr  cuniiiuH,  iiiiicli  iih  in  (hhnilitHrioii.  I'roiii  tlio  lattttr  ^iMiiiHit  dilVi-rs 
iiiiiiiily  ill  Iliu  Hoiriito  ]ii'U(>|M^n!li«,  wliicli  lias  ti  dowinvunl  iliitM-ted  Hpiiiu  ut 
till"  iiifilo.  S«!«()n<i  aiial  sjiiiio  voryHinall.  <)iiuH|ic<'ieH  known.  {fXdrro)!', 
ri'ihiifd ;  ('r/J^i>$,  aiiiiH,  truni  tlin  Hniali  anal  lin.) 

|Mi:i.  KI.A'STAItnill^i  AUnillllUM  (.loitiiiii  .V  liilbert). 

lli.ul.'J;  (It'ptli  :fl.  I).  XI,  21;  A.I1,«;  hcrIoh  !>-r.(»-7,  r>H  poreH.  |)ianiot«r 
ul  (■>(' altoiit  t'ljual  to  l(Mif{tli  of  snout,  or  to  intcioibital  witltli,  and  t^ 
tiiiH's  ill  Irii^th  ot'Iittad.  I.oii^thot'  niuxillary  L'|  in  hoad.  (ilill  rakoiH  low 
mill  slundttr,  G-f  i;{  in  ininiluM'.  rM<Midolirauuliiii-  wull  dovtdopiul;  |mihIu- 
rior  nostril  a  narrow  oldon^  vertical  slit.  Iluad  and  body  rather  i^loii- 
iTjiti'.  (■oiisi<lerably  roinpreHHed,  bark  not  ricvutrd,  the  Hnout  H*»niowli);t 
irjlilioiis,  tlui  prolile  doprossod  ubovo  tlusoyos.  Month  very  lar^o,  teriiii;ial, 
oiilii|ii(',  the  maxillary  rrarliiuj;  vertical  I'roni  posterior  niurKiii  of  pupil; 
jjiws  Hnbe(|iial,  premaxillarius  in  front  on  the  level  of  lower  edge  of  pupil; 
syiiiiiliysis  of  lower  jaw  with  an  oblong  knob,  which  projectH  inward  and 
upward,  on  this  arc  2  series  of  teeth,  ',\  in  each  series,  the  inner  pair 
boiii^'  canines  of  moderate  si/e,  larger  than  any  of  the  other  teeth,  but 
iiincii  smaller  and  slenderer  than  the  canines  in  f'ynoHoioti.  Hoth  Jaws 
without  villiform  teeth,  upper  Jaw  with  2  series  of  slender-pointed 
tciitii,  the  outer  series  enlarged;  lower  Jaw  laterally  with  a  single  series 
III'  ti'ctli  similar  to  those  of  the  outer  scries  of  upper  Jaw,  bnt  larger;  those 
ill  tin-  niidtlle  of  the  Jaw  largest.  I'osterior  margin  of  preopercle  inclined 
(l(»wii\viird  and  backward,  both  margins  convex  and  with  the  angle  l>roadly 
rounded.  Moth  margins  with  weak,  distinct  serrations;  posterior  border 
witli  1'  or  ;{  stronger  teeth  next  the  angle  directed  backward,  the  angle 
with  1  robust  tlattish  spine  directed  more  or  less  vertically  downward. 
SpiiKMis  dorsal  with  very  weak,  tlexible  spines,  the  third  the  longest  ami 
iilioiit  h  length  of  head;  soft  dorsal  moderate,  the  longest  ray  shorter 
than  the  dorsal  spines  but  more  than  ^  length  of  head;  i-audal  lin  siib- 
truiicatc  or  slightly  emarginate;  anal  tin  very  small,  posteriorly  instTted, 
its  liiisft  but  little  obli<|iie;  length  of  base  abmit  equal  to  length  of  snout; 
second  anal  sjiine  mod(;rate,  shorter  than  the  lirst  soft  ray,  much  stronger 
than  the  dorsal  spines,  and  inflexible,  its  length  about  e<iual  to  snout  and 
.(  of  eye,  3  in  head;  distance  from  front  of  anal  to  middle  of  base  of 
candid  slightly  more  than  }  the  length  of  the  body;  distance  from  vent  to 
trout  of  anal  about  equal  to  length  of  base  of  anal;  pectoral  short,  n_^ot 
reaching  tips  of  ventrals,  its  length  IJ  in  head;  ventrals  reaching  half- 
way to  front  of  anal,  not  nearly  to  vent;  membranes  of  soft  2)art8  of  ver- 
tical tins  with  series  of  scahss  extending  more  than  halfway  to  the  tips. 


1432 


IhilU'tin  fy,  Ihtilvd  S/ntes  .\%itionnf  .)/usfuni. 


Lnternl  lino  nciircoly  nrcliod,  bncoinin);  atrniKlit  oppoHito  front  of  nol'ti'ur- 
Mitl.  Color  limtroiiH  hliiiiili  {(riiy  »liov««,  Hilvery  ImiIow;  iiiiiMIr  of  Ni.|i<H 
with  IndiHtliu't  l(tii);th\viH»  HtroiikH  foriiiud  hy  rIiiHt»rH  ol'  durk  dotH  in  i||,i 
<!ont«rH  of  th«  hiuIoii;  mioiit  tiiul  tipn  of  lower  jiiw  hlm-kiHli;  iidurk  lilti  .  |, 
oil  uperrlo  iiliovo;  HiduM  of  liruil  liriKl't  sil\»ry;  tiiiH  li^lit  Htrnw-colur; 
upp««r  hulf  of  pet-toralH  diiHky ;  HpiiioiiH  dorHiil  tlii<>ly  Hpuuklod  with  hhu  k; 
iippnr  liulf  of  )i\il  I>rowii;  ])«)ritoiintiiii  )>aln;  lining  of  opt^rclo  idurk  ulinvi'. 
IriH  hriglit  yellow,  diiHky  aliove.  lieiiKlh  7  iiicht'H.  raiiaiiin;  ii(»t  iiiiruiM. 
iiiou.  'I'he  itpeciitm  han  the  very  hiiiuII  nnul  of  <  hlonUmvion  mid  thoHpiirlilui 
pr«op»roiilar  Hpino  of  ItairdulUi,  while  in  ilH  duiititiiiii  it  ih  iutuniit'Ui;iiu, 
(iXfixi^iov,  diiuiuiitive  of  (i/J^(>{,  aniiH  or  anal.) 

OUinUoneioii  (irc/ii(/M/m,  •loiiDAN  A   Oil.liKKl',   Hull.  1.  S.  KImIi  Coiiiiii.  1H81,  317,  PaiKiinu 

(Coll.  (MI.  OillNtrt):  .Ioiiiian  Jt  (iii.iiKUT,  Hull  1.  S.  KIhIi  Coiiiiii.  IHH:>,  ill. 
Ilairdietlu  arehiiliu III,  JonuAN  &  Kkiknmann,  I.e., .'180.  IMHU. 


il 


I' 
lis 


■it 


i  t 


^.'1 


r'i 


580.  BAIRDIELLA,  Oill. 
(Madkmoihkli.ks.) 

/tatrrdXtd, (ill.!.,  Cut.  KIhIi.  KnHt  CniiHt  North  Ainci'lcii,  .'III,  1H("  {ariiyritteuea     ehryiiuii) 
S'tetnr,  iloKDAN  (i  KviK.MANN,  iHHV  8ul>t;<>uus  {chryKiileiicaf. 

TbJH  ^eiiuB  Ih  charaoteri/ed  hy  the  ohlit|iio  mouth,  little  cavoninuN 
Hkiill,  few  rowH  of  Hiiiall  teeth,  Hlonder  ^ill  rakerM,  and  the  iircopotclc 
armed  with  a  pleotroid  Hpiiie.  It  Ih  certainly  a  very  natural  Kr<>i>l*> '>»•! 
worthy  of  rei^o^nition  as  a  diHtiiit-t  ^enus,  although  itH  relatioimhipH  witii 
(tphioacion  and  eHpeoitilly  with  StvUi/er  are  very  cloue.  The  niimiioiis 
HpecieH  are  uU  American,  all  small  in  Hi/e  and  Hilvery  in  coloration,  .md 
Home  of  them  are  remarkalde  for  the  ^reat  si/.e  of  the  second  anal  Npiim. 
In  others  this  spine  is  (|uito  smull.  These  variations  among  H)Mti'ii>s 
unquestionably  closely  allied  show  how  Hlight  is  the  syntematicf  valiif  to 
be  attached  to  the  size  of  this  epinc.  (Named  for  Prof.  Spencer  FulitMloii 
Baird,  for  many  years  United  States  Coinmissioner  of  Fi.sb  and  FiMlici  icn, 
and  one  of  the  most  broad-minded  and  auccessfiil  workers  in  systcniiiiic 

ZOOlojry.) 

Bairdiei.la  : 
a.  Teeth  of  the  lowvrjaw  uiie<iuul,  chieily  ItiHerial;  tlio  inner  teeth  more  or  leHAenlai'vi'ii. 
preorbitnl  narrow. 
b.  Seeonil  ttniil  Hpiiie  moderate,  2^  in  ht^nd,  not  ho  long  ns  Hoft  rays,  not  reae)iiii<;  tip 
of  lant  ray  when  d  ;)"eHHed.    (Jolor  silvery,  i)uuctatu;  tins  yellow;  di'iitli  ;i 
in  length.     I).  XT  '.;:',  A.  II,  10.  chrvsuka.  isn 

6b.  Second  anal  Hpine  vi't'v  lonx,  J  htn^tli  of  head,  reaching  beyond  tip  ol'ln.'^t  i.'iv; 
baHeof  anal  oblique,  forming  an  angle  with  ventral  outline, 
c.  Mouth  t'jrniinal,  very  oblii|ue;  Hecond  anal  spine  excessively  lar;:c.  i;  in 
head,  longer  than  any  soft  ray.    Color  silvery ;  depth  JJ.    1).  .\-I  :■:!. 

ENSIKI-IKA    181.'i. 

re.  Mouth  not  quite  tcrniinal ;  proorbital  narrow,  but  broader  than  \i\nitii(r,i. 

d.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,'J8;  dorsal  spines  very  slender,  the  highest  i;,  in 

head:  pectorals  l^in  bead;  second  anal  spine  very  long,  silvrrv, 

punctate,  adark  axillary  spot ;  depth  :i|  in  length,    ijistia,  IHlti. 

dil.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,  211;  dorsal  spines  atill",  lower,  the  highe.st  1!  in 

brad  ;  seconti  anal  spine  I'l ;  pectorals  IJ.     Color  .soiled  sih  irv: 

«lepth  :!).  HONCIILS.  1817. 


Jordan  ami  F.vttmauH. — Fishes  of  Xort/i  .hm'n'ia.      I  l'i.'i 


<i{^,  loll  (tifttnr,  iiiiK  I hnl  I'oniii'Ctii ;  Hiiirihtta  with  nphlntrhn): 

,|.r    Irt'lli  <>r  lii\V)'t'.|tt\\   ill  II  liitri'ow  vlllirnl'iii  IiiiihI  lit  III  OiiMiiteiiti;   liuilltll  Miiltlnriirliir, 

liltlf  iililii|iii',  pri'lirltitui  Itrouilrr.  u\\\  riikiTM  Hlmrteri  {lorcH  iiiiil  HlitN  on  niiuiiI 

iiiiin>  I  iiiiN|iii'iii>iiH. 

f,  HiiiMil  «liiir|i:  liiMiil  Hlt'iiiliT,  iiiiri'iiw  kliovo;  mtoihI  mml  n|iiii)'  M>ry  lnr|{P,  \\  ta 

lii'Uil :  |H'<'toriil  mIiiiiI,  It  III  IiuimI.     ('olnr  Mollt'il  Hilvi>ry.     I).  \   1,'JI:  Im'ikI  :i 

III  IniKtll.  AIIMATA,  IHIM. 

ft.  .Snout  liliiiillnli,  IliK  lii^nil  Hlniit  iiml  Itroml  iiInivk;  Muronil  luiiil  M|>iiio  HliortlHli, 

2  III  Im'iiiI.    Color  iIiimUv  :  <li'|illi  iilioiil  :i  In  IciiKili. 

/.  DiirNiil  r»vH  \  I,  IM;  Hi'iili'H  liiruc,  44  In  liilcrni  lln«i  |H>ct«>i'iil  H  in  liniil. 

rolorilark  lii'ownlHJi,  ilnitnl.  ai.ita,  MIU. 

//,  UorHiil  I'tt.vM  X  I,  '.'I  or '."J;  Mi'iilcH  nin<li'riil<<,  M  to  riri;  |ii<rtoral  I4I11  lixaili 

I'aiiiliil  1^;  pi'i>oi'b*tul  liroail.    Tolur  MolluilliruHHy,  with  dark  HtroakH 

IIUll  nioltlin<(M.  (  IIHYMOI.I'.tTA,  1H2U. 


SubftenuM  BAIRDIEL.LA. 
IMll.  HAIKIIIKIJA  (illtVMUKA  (Lai<  |m'<I<0. 
(Maukmoihki.i.k:  Ybi.i.i>w  taii,.| 

Il.::.l  :no:H;  depth  :i  to  :H;  ey«.li  in  hoad;  Hiumt  Ij.     I).  XI-I, 'J2;  A. 

11.  ID:  NcalfiH  8-52-12.     Itotly  obIoii)r,(;oii)|)i'OHHO«l,  tliu  liiirk  iilittluoloviituil, 

the  |ii(ilil(i  (lc|)i'UNHtMl  DVin-  tlui  «\v(>8;  Huniit  pi'oiiiiiioiit,  bliintiHli,  im  loii^r  iih 

(vr;  lower  jaw  with  a  Bingh>  Hcrlt'Hof'cloHO-Bot  tootl<,  in  front  of  whicli  aio 

a  few  Hiiinller  teeth  not  forininj;  n  (Infinite  HorioH;  upper  Jaw  with  an  ontor 

Hi'tii's  (if  Hninll  curved  eanincH,  behind  whieh  iH  a  niod«rato  liand  of  Villi- 

lorm  tcM'th,  becomin);  wider  btterally.     Treoporclo  Horratu,  tlio  toeth  near 

the  iin;,'lo  lar)fer,  tho  lowewt  and  laijroat  diieetetl  duwnwanl;  gill  ralvurH 

hinitli  r,  rather  long,  H-flO;  seaieH  on  head  cycloid;   base  of  anal  little 

olilii|ii(';  ventral  outline  rather  regularly  rounded;  dorsal  spines  slender, 

the  lii),'iieHt  2|  in  head;  eandal  long,  double  truncate;  pectorals  about  as 

Ion;;  IIS  tho  ventralH,  I'i  in  hea«l;  sot't  dorsal  and  anal  scaled  at  le.ist  j 

tlit'ir  height.     Second  anal  spine  moderate,  2^  in  head,  not  as  long  aH  the 

so:>  nys,  not  reaching  to  tip  of  last  ray  when  depressed;  mouth  large, 

somewhat  oblique,  the  premaxillaiy  on  the  level  of  lower  part  of  the  eye; 

iimxiiiiiiy  reaching  mi<ldle  of  oye,  2^   in  head.    Color  greenish  above, 

silvtn  below;  back  and  sides  nion^  or  less  densely  pnnetato  with  dark 

(lots  (especially  in  northern  specimens),  these  forming  narrow,  stmiewhat 

iire^liilai'  streakL  along  the  sides;  tins  plain,  mostly  yellow  in  life.     Koiith 

Atlantic  and  (Julf  coasts  of  the  Tnited  States,  north  to  Now  York;  very 

almnilaiit  on  our  sandy  shores  from  Long  Island  to  Texas.     It  roaches  but 

a  small  si/e,  hence,  althoi\gh  an  excellent  pan  tish,  it  has  no  groat  eeo- 

iiomic  value.     Unlike  most  of  tho  other  species  of  the  genus,  its  seeond 

anal  s|iiue  is  little  enlorgod.     (xfjv^oi;,  gold;  ovpd,  tail.) 

I'erea  inuictata,  LiNN.Kl'S,  Synt.  Nat.,  Ed.  Xii,  482, 1766,  in  part,  South  Carolina  (not  Perca 

iniiirtatuiiot  Ed.  X,  wlilcli  is  UodianuD /ulvus  jninelatut). 
IHlitirrdiiii  chiysuiu»,  LACftpfcDE,  Hist.  Nat.  ToisH.,  ill,  64,  1802,  South  Carolina;  after 

I.ixx.v.rs. 
RiHtiiiiiiiii  anjyroleueut  et  exiguuH,  MiTCHii.i.,  Trans.  Lit.  &  Phil.  Soc.  Now  York  1816, 

417  and  419,  pi.  6,  tl«..3.  New  York. 
Bodiamm  iialUdun,  MlTClULt.,  Trans.  Lit.  J.-  IMiil.  .Soc,  I,  ISl.l,  420,  New  York. 

:!0;{0-^13 


.:Li 


1434  Bul/ctin  4J,  United  States  National  Museum. 


tlomoprion  xanthurut,  IIoi.niiooK,  Ii'li.  S.  Cur.,  Ed.  1, 170,  i»l.  24, 1856  (ikiI  L'-wKtuums  run- 

thunm,  IiAC»';i'i;i»i:). 
Iloiiioiirion  mchtruiicatuK,  (Ju.i,,  <Jat.  Fi«li.  K.  Coimt  I'.  S.,:i3,  1801,  South  Carolina;  :iii,.|- 

UoIJlllOOK. 

Corvina  arm/rolfuea,  Cuvikr  <fe  Vai.knciennkb,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiHs.,  v,  10,'),  1830;  (ii mhh, 

Cat.,  II,  ^OU,  1800. 
liainliellu  punctata.  JouoAN  &.  GlUJKHT,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1H7H,  1177. 
IlairdifUa  arifi/rolfaca,  <  Joodk,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  iMim.  187'J,  113. 
Heiivnapunctata,  .Iohuan  Jt  Uilhkkt,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu.s.  18K2,;!80;  J<)K1>a.\  \  (in m  hi, 

Synopsis,  570,  1883. 
Seiumachrptura,  Jduuan  \  (iii.iiKiiT,  rroo.  U.S.  Nat.  Miis.  1882,606;  .1oi<i>an  \  Cii.ukih 

Synopsis,  933, 188... 
Jiainliellachrifniira,  Ooudk,  Hist.  Aqiiat.  .\iiini.,  375,  jil.  126,  1884;  tloRDAN  &.  KiiiKNMA.sN, 

I.  c,  386, 1889. 


181fi.  HAIKIUKLLA  KNSIFKIU  (Jor<Ian  A  Cilbcrt). 


i   :    'I 


I    '   t'i 


Hcjul  ;U  to  iik;  depth  Hi  to  J^;  eyo  ^  iu  lieutl;  snout  5.  1».  X-I  L>L';  A. 
II,  8;  scales  8-19-9.  ISody  compressed,  modcratoly  elongate,  tlio  lnuk 
little  elevated;  snout  short,  bluntish,  not  protruding,  the  profile  luuily 
straight  and  not  very  steep  to  base  of  first  dorsal,  along  the  base  of  wlijcji 
it  is  nearly  horizontal,  thence  i'gaiu  declining  along  base  of  .soft  doisul; 
ventral  outline  nearly  straight  to  front  of  anal,  then  very  sharply  anirn- 
hated,  the  base  of  the  anal  very  oblique ;  caudal  peduncle  long  and  .^^li  luUi . 
rroHle  depressed  above  head;  head  moderate,  compressed  with  vi'iticiil 
cheeks ;  preorbital  very  narrow,  narrower  than  pujiil ;  snout  not  piojci.tiiii,' 
so  far  as  preraaxillaries;  prcmaxillarios  iu  front  on  tho  level  of  lower  iiart  ' 
of  pupil;  maxillary  extending  to  opposite  middle  of  pupil ;  mouth  very 
oblique,  the  Jaws  nearly  even  in  front,  the  lower  very  slightly  incliidt'd, 
the  gap  2j(  in  head.  Teeth  slender,  small,  those  in  upper  jaw  in  2  or  I' 
series,  the  outer  series  enlarged;  most  of  the  teeth  depressible;  lower 
teeth  une(|ual,  ehielly  biserial,  the  inner  enlarged;  symphysis  of  Ii;\vir 
jaw  with  a  slight  inwardly  projecting  knob,  bearing  teeth  a  little  linger 
than  the  others.  Chin  with  4  distinct  pores,  the  outer  pair  round.  Inter- 
orbital  space  moderate,  slightly  convex,  a  little  broader  than  len^tii  of 
snout,  4  in  head.  Eye  very  large,  considerably  longer  than  snout.  Pre 
opercle  with  strong  teeth,  which  grow  stronger  toward  the  angle,  tiif 
lowest  tooth  very  strong  and  directed  downward  and  forward;  ojicrdi- 
lar  8i)ines  blunt  and  ilatti-sh ;  gill  rakers  numerous,  long  and  slender.  ! 
length  of  eye,  8-f-16  iu  number;  scales  roughish,  extending  up  on  soft 
jjortions  of  vertical  huH,  covering  about  ^  of  the  soft  dorsal  and  more 
of  the  anal.  Lateral  line  not  strongly  curved,  becoming  strai^;!!!  iu 
front  of  anal.  First  dorsal  high,  its  spines  slenderer  than  in  Ji.  armulit. 
stouter  than  in  Ji.  icistia,  the  second  spine  short,  slender,  very  stout, 
the  length  of  the  third,  which  is  If  in  length  of  head.  8oft  dorsal  nither 
high,  its  longest  rays  a  little  less  than  i  head.  Caudal  subtrunciitc,  tlic 
middle  .and  upper  rays  slightly  produced,  its  length  li  in  head.  Distaiico 
fion»  front  of  anal  to  caudal  3^  in  length  of  body;  abdomen  extremely 
long,  its  length  ^  greater  than  length  of  head;  posterior  outline  of  umd 
lin  concave,  its  second  spine  very  long  and  strong,  scarcely  sliorter 
than  soft  rays,  its  length  1^  in  head,  its  distance  from  the  vent  ii  its 


w 


fordan  and  Evcntiaun. — Fishes  of  North  .Imcrica.      1435 


|iii"tli;  veiitriilH  long,  l;^  in  Icnj^th  of  head,  rcMcliing  beyond  tips  of  i)ec- 
t,,i:il>,  1)1)1  not  i[uite  to  vent;  pectorulH  rather  short,  1;^  iu  head.  Color 
liiiii>li  uiiiy  iibove  antl  on  siilos,  silvery  below;  a  dark,  ill-delinod  bluish- 
irriiv  blotch  on  upper  a.iinrior  angle  of  opercle;  mouth  yellow  within, 
l,l;ii  kisli  towanl  tip  of  lower  Jaw;  Hpinous  dorsal  trauHlucent,  with  dark 
niiiK  tiilatiou»  and  a  narrow  black  margin,  or  sometimes  largely  blackish; 
soft  dorsal  dusky  yellow;  caudal  and  anterior  ;5  rays  of  anal  brighter  yel- 
low ;  caudal  and  membrane  between  spine  and  iirst  soft  '"ay  of  anal  with 
I, link  ])uuctulatious;  posterittr  anal  rays  white;  ventrals  immaculate; 
|i('(  i.iials  with  upper  half  of  axil  and  membrane  of  upper  rays  internally 
linnviiish,  the  upper  rays  with  a  slight  yellowish  tint  externally.  Length 
;v  t(Kii.  Panama;  rather  conunon.  Of  all  the  American  Scia-noids  this 
s|)(  (  ics  has  the  largest  amil  spine  in  proj)ortiou  to  the  size  of  the  body. 
((II.SM,  sword;  /tro,  I  bear.) 

Sfiivnn  f)iM/t/a,  JoKDAN  &  (iM.HKKT,  ISiill.  U.  S.  Flsli  Co'iiiP  IHKl,  Ml:),  Panama;  Punta 

Arenas.     (Coll.  C.  H.  (Jillxit.) 
CnriiiKi/itlyenn,  Vaii.lant,  Miss.  Si'i.  an  Mexiiiiu",  ltJ4. 1883,  Pacific  Coast  of  Mexico, 
nairdicUa  msifvra,  Jouuan  &  Ekjen.v.'iNN,  I.  c,  ;t87,  IHHU. 

181A    .tAIItniKLliA  ICISTI.V  (Jurilan  \  (iilbert). 

(CUUUINETA.) 

Head  ^  to  3.i;  depth  3i  to  Si.  D.  X-I,  '-'8;  A.  II,  8;  scales  8-51-10. 
iiody  elongate,  compressed,  the  l»ack  a  little  elevated;  snout  very  shoit, 
(•()iii|irossed,  and  rather  blunt,  1  in  head ;  mouth  moderately  wide,  oblique; 
h\\\  ( r  Jaw  somewhat  included ;  ma.villary  reaching  vertical  from  posterior 
marjiin  of  pupil,  2:|  in  head;  upper  Jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of  villiform 
teetli  and  an  external  series  of  somewhat  larger  teeth;  lower  Jaw  with 
1  or  -*  series  of  teeth  smaller  than  the  enlarged  teeth  of  upper  Jaw  and 
iiKiro  close-set;  iu  front  this  series  broadens  into  a  uiirron-  band.  (Jhin 
with  I  pores;  premaxillaries  on  the  level  of  lower  part  of  pupil,  project- 
iiii;  ;>eyoud  snout.  Interorbital  region  slightly  depressed.  Gill  rakers 
loiij,'  and  strong,  about  6  +  17  in  number.  I'reopercle  with  its  lower  edge 
smooth,  the  posterior  edge  armed  with  distinct  8i)ines,  the  3  spines  nearest 
tiic  angle  much  the  longest,  the  lowest  directed  vertically  downward  and 
Hoiuiwliat  forward.  Eye  large,  its  diameter  slightly  less  tliau  length  of 
Hniiiit  or  than  iterorbital  width,  Ij  in  length  of  head.  Scales  rather 
siiiidl ;  series  of  small  scales  on  membrane  of  dorsal  and  anal ;  lateral  line 
little  arched,  becoming  straight  opposite  interval  between  vent  and  r.nal. 
Spinous  dorsal  high,  the  spines  all  very  slender,  Aveak,  and  flexible,  more 
slender  than  in  other  species  of  this  subgenus,  the  third  and  fourth  about 
e(|ual,  much  longer  than  the  others,  the  upper  margin  of  the  fin  very 
olili(lue;  the  longest  spine  about  i",,  length  of  head,  much  longer  than 
the  soft  rays,  which  are  about  3^  in  head;  second  anal  spine  exceed- 
injily  strong,  If  in  head,  about  *  length  of  fourth  dorsal  spine,  and 
about  as  long  as  first  soft  ray  of  anal;  middle  rays  of  caudal  slightly 
produced,  \h  in  head,  the  fin  subtruucate;  ventrals  lon^^,  tLeir  length 
more  than  \  the  distance  from  their  base  to  origin  of  anal;  pectorals  not 
reiicliing  vertical  from  tips  of  ventrals,  about  eciual  to  them  in  length,  1^ 


■t* 
■   ...  J,- 


\     \. 


t    "i 


w 


1430  nullclin  47,  I  'nitcd  Stahs  National  Museum. 

in  build.  Color  griiyisli  silvery  above,  silvery  on  side's  and  below;  dorHiU 
rogion  with  fuiut  streaivs  produced  by  darker  centers  of  the  scalcH;  spj. 
nous  dorsal  blaiikisb,  darker  on  nioipbrano  of  first  spine,  the  soft  portion  mh 
well  as  the  caudal  yellowish  dusky ;  vcntrais  and  pectorals  jtale,  each  w itli 
a  faint  yellowish  blotch;  axil  of  pectoral  Idack  above;  aiialitale.  I'ai  iiic 
c(»ast  of  Mexico;  rather  common  abowt  Ma/atlan;  readily  distingnislitMl 
from  other  species  by  the  weakness  of  its  dorsal  spines,  as  well  as  liy  llu- 
large  number  of  the  soft  rays.  {(.I'mb  to  yield;  idrioi',  sail,  from  the  sleu- 
dernessof  its  species.) 

Sciteiia  if.iMii,  Joukan  \  Oii.iiKiir,   I'roc,  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  18H1,  anO,  Mazatlan.    ( Ivpcs, 

Nos.  2818'J,  'J82*.'8.  l>«27r),  '2H;ifiH.  29560,  21M!n,  2!l6ir.,  29775,  29790.     Coll.  « lllbert.) 
Itairdiella  iciglia,  .Iujidan  it  Ekienmann,  I.  c,  387, 1889. 


I 


f       '15 


I  11 


1817.  UAIltlUKLI.A  IC0M;|||!K  (C'livior  iV  Val<>iu  icnnos). 

(KoNCO;    (illoUM)    UKUMMEK.) 

Head  ill  ;  depth  31 ;  eye  H  iu  bead.  1).  X-1,  23;  A.  II,  8;  sealcs  7-.")0-.s. 
liody  oblong,  compressed,  Kcareely  angular  in  outline;  profile  stiiiiiilit, 
rather  steep,  the  snout  short  and  rather  acute;  eye  as  long  as  snout;  iikhiiIi 
moderate,  nearly  bori/outal;  ]»renuixillary  on  level  of  lower  part  of  orbit; 
maxillary  reaching  beyond  middle  of  eye,  2'i  in  head;  teeth  as  in  UidrdicUn 
icistia;  preojusrcle  strongly  serrate;  gill-rakers  O-f- 18.  Dorsal  Bjtinei-  ''cr 
still',  the  highest  2  in  head;  second  anal  spine  rattier  strong,  curtcti,  ^-_  m 
head,  as  long  as  first  soft  ray,  and  reaching  beyond  tips  of  other  rays.  Vm- 
trals  slightly  longer  than  pectorals,  which  are  1?  in  head;  caudal  truncate. 
Color  soiled  grayish  above,  silvery  below;  faint,  dark  streaks  alouj,'  tlio 
rows  of  scales ;  spinous  dorsal  and  anterior  ])art  of  anal  densely  covcnd 
with  dark  dots.  Length  6  inches.  Atlantic  coasts  of  tropical  Auierica, 
generally  common  in  the  West  Indies  and  along  the  coast  of  Ibazil;  "  a 
food-fish  of  some  importance,  but  small  in  size;  our  specimens  from 
Havana,  {lioiico,  grunter  or  croaker,  the  Spanish  name  of  various  s])((i(>8 
of  JikVuihIoh,  romadasis,  Bairdiella,  etc.,  from  roncar,  to  snore,  or  to  nnkc  a 
rough  or  raucous  noise.) 

Corvina  ronchm,  Ccvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist,  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,  107,  1830,  Maracaibo; 

Surinam;  GCntheu,  Cat.  Fisli.  Brit.  Mus.,  n,  299,  I860;  GOntueu,  Fishes  Ccntni; 

Amoricn,  387,  ISfiO. 
liair'lieUa  ronchuK,  TOEV,  Synopsis,  324,  1808. 
Sciiviia  rnuchv.i,  Joudan,  Proc.  CS.  Nut.  Mas.  1886,44. 
Jiairdiella  ronchus,  Jokdan  &  Eioenmann,  I.  c,  388, 1889. 

Subgenus  NECTOR,  Jordan  &.  Kvermanii. 
1818.  BAlKDlKliiiA  AKMATA,  Gill. 

1  lead 3  to  3^ ;  depth  3 ;  eye  4 j  iu  head ;  snout  4.  1).  XI-1, 21 ;  A.  II,  8 ;  scales 
7-51-9.     Snout  sharp,  the  head  slender,  narrow  above,  the  interorliital 

*  Many  specimens  from  Rio  Janeiro  and  from  Havana  are  in  the  uiuseiim  nt  Caiiilnid^'c 
There  is  considerable  individual  variation,  but  there  seems  to  be  no  specitic  ditlVrciKc 
between  Cuban  and  Brazilian  examples.  A  number  of  specimens  in  poor  couditioii  are 
also  in  the  niiiseum,  supjKJsed  to  li:ive  been  obtained  by  Captain  Perry  at  Veia  Criiz. 
These  have  the  snout  longer,  the  eye  smaller,  and  the  fin's  higher  than  usual  in  rdiiclKm, 
and  th»iy  niay  reiu'csent  a  ditfereut  speeies.  In  these  the  snout  is  4  iu  head,  the  eye  1}, 
the  longest  dorsal  spines  IJ,  the  aecoud  aual  spiue  1^.    I),  X-1, 24. 


I'r  ' 

1.::  ;' 

!■■■?  '[■'. 

!: 

i  .; ,. 

Jordan  and  F.vermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1437 


si).iio  not  broader  than  oye;  .anal  Hpino  very  lon^  and  strong,  IJ  i"  hcftd ; 
])('cf<iral  iin  short,  H  in  head;  form  of  liody  irregularly  rhoniboidal,  the 
l),is('  (tf  the  anal  fin  being  oblique;  prolilo  almost  straight  anteriorly;  eye 
inoiliTate,  slightly  shorter  than  snout;  mouth  large,  inferior,  almost  hori- 
zontal, maxillary  reaching  beyond  pupil,  2)j  in  head.  Mouth  ini'crior  or 
siiliiiiferior,  little  obliqne;  preorbital  broader,  gill  rakers  shorter,  and 
pori'H  and  alits  on  snout  more  conspit'uotiB  than  in  other  species.  Upper 
jaw  with  a  band  of  villiform  teeth  and  an  outer  aeries  of  enlarged  teeth ; 
low tr  teeth  in  a  moderate  band,  the  inner  series  slightly  enlarged,  espe- 
ci.illy  in  young  exam])les;  gill  rakers  eomparatively  short,  84-1');  dorsal 
H|)itii  H  short  and  stout,  slightly  moi'e  than  2  in  bead ;  caudal  rounded ;  anal 
H]iinelS  in  head;  basallialf  of  the  soft  dorsal  and  anal  covoreci  with  scales. 
C()l(ir,  bluish  abov«',  silvery  below,  a  rather  broad  area  from  snout  to  caudal 
covired  with  brownish  do*";  upper  fins  and  anterior  half  of  anal  with 
ni.iiiv  dots.*  Both  coastsof  tropical  America  ;  not  uncommon  on  the  Pacific 
co;isi  about  Panama,  and  equally  abundant  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  where 
it  ,s('(Miis  to  ascend  the,  rivers.     (ar»na/«»,  armed.) 

Hainliflla  armata,  Gilt.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  S(u.  Phila.  1863, 164,  west  coast  Central  America; 

,I(iIil)AN  it  ElOKNMANN,  I.  c,  388, 1889. 

Corrida  ncutlrofitrit,  Stkindaciineu,  Irhtli.  Beitr.,  hi,  28,  pi.  4,  1875,  Panama. 
Corriiiii  armatr,  UCnther,  Fi-sliCH  Central  America,  387  and  428,  1869. 
Vitrriiiii  (Jfotnoprion)   acxUirottris,   Steini)ACI1>'ER,   Zur  Fiscli-Fnuna  dcB  Ma]g;dalci)en- 
Siromes,  9,  1878. 

1S1».  n.UKDIKLTii  ALIJTA,  Jordan  ^  Gilbert. 

ITcad  IVi;  dei>th  3j ;  D.  X-I,  18;  A.  TI,  8;  scales  14,  5  in  a  vertical  series 
from  front  of  dorsal  to  lateral  line.  Form  rather  «'longate,  the  back 
n  little  elevated  and  compressed;  caudal  ]ieduncle  especially  long  and 
Bleiiilcr;  head  rather  broad  abo'.  e  the  eyes,  .somewhat  depressed,  so  that 
tilt  anterior  profile  is  a  little  concave,  in  front  of  which  the  snout  is  rather 
abnipMy  truncate;  interorbital  si)ace  a  little  broader  than  the  large  eye, 
the  diameter  of  Avhich  is  about  equal  to  the  length  of  the  snout,  and  cou- 
taini'd  about  i  times  in  the  length  of  the  head.  Width  of  preorbital 
I  diiiineter  of  eye.  Preopercle  strongly  serrated,  the  3  lowest  serrae 
radiiiting,  the  lowest  and  largest  one  turned  downward  and  forward; 
lower  Jaw  included,  ccmsiderably  shorter  than  up]ter;  snout  scarcely  pro- 
jectinuc  heyond  preniiixillaries;  mouth  nearly  horizo'ital ;  premaxillaries 
imcli  below  the  level  of  the  eye;  maxillary  extending  to  .just  beyond 
middle  of  eye.  Teeth  in  both  jaws  in  narrow  villiform  bands,  the  outer 
Icetli  in  the  upper  jaw  .somewhat  enlarged,  those  in  the  lower  Jaw  all 
small.  Sides  and  top  of  head  somewhat  cavernous,  the  surface  yielding 
to  tlie  touch,  (till  rakers  shortish,  rather  slender,  about  as  long  as  pupil ; 
liseiidobranchiae  large.  Dorsal  Iin  divi«led  nearly  to  base,  the  spin<>s 
not  very  high,  rather  llexible,  the  longest  little  more  than  ^  length  of 

*  Ilairdidla  armata  is  close  to  Itairdiflla  ronchvt,  and  the  cliaracter  of  the  dentition  of 
tlic  lower  .jaw,  wlilcli  we  liaveused  to  divide  Bairdiella  into  minor  jfroni)."*,  becomes  here  of 
Hl.ghl  iiiigiortance.  Wo  have  examined  speeinien.sof  this  .stu'cies  from  Panama,  Kio  Majtda- 
ItMia,  Siin  Miitheo,  Camaru,  Cannarivieras,  Curnt^a.  Hahia,  Pernambueo,  Maranhao,  and 
Itabapiianu.  The  specimen  from  the  latter  locality  (10837,  M.  C.  Z.)  is  nearly  a  foot  long, 
and  lias  the  spines  a  little  sliorter  and  stonter  tliau  in  Panama  examples. 


V  I 


'.«)«i'i;)iw\iww?i,'*f*',jwwwwr.ffv-* 


1438         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Jo 


m 


m 


Ill/ 


it^ 


■\\ 


III 


J 


'  >8i 


liead,  Hncoiul  npine  a  little  shorter  than  third  and  nearly  as  hif^h ;  HOcdiid 
dorsal  rathur  low;  stM-oud  anal  H])iiH)  strong,  about  A  length  of  hrail, 
J  height  of  the  soft  rays;  distance  from  front  of  anal  to  caudal  1'^  in 
length  of  body;  distance  from  vent  to  anal  a  little  more  than  A  lengtli  of 
second  aual  spine;  «'audal  tin  long,  double  trnncate,  the  middle  rays  |in)- 
duced,  as  long  as  from  snout  to  edge  of  preopercle ;  c-auilal  peduncle  (  Ckpih 
end  of  anal)  \},  in  head;  anal  ending  in  advante  of  end  of  dorsal,  its  liiHt 
spine  in  advances  of  middle  of  soft  dorsal;  ventrals  long,  the  second  ray 
tilamentous,  reaching  vent;  pectorals  rather  short,  as  long  as  caiitliij. 
•Scales  large,  those  on  breast  not  much  smaller;  soft  ]>;<rts  of  vertical  tins 
scaly  toward  the  base.  Lower  pharyngeals  narrow,  with  small,  slender, 
pointed  teeth,  those  of  the  series  on  the  inner  edge  of  the  bone  nmcli 
enlarged,  also  very  slender.  Color  light  reddish  brown,  dingy  with  dark 
punctulations;  ground  color  a  light  coppery  shade,  little  silvery;  eiK  h 
scab' with  many  dark  points  and  a  smutty  edging;  the  general  hue  the 
same  above  and  below ;  no  distinct  markings ;  preorbital  of  a  soiled  silvery ; 
fi'is  similarly  dusky,  the  caudal  yellowish,  the  anal  almost  black;  in.si(U', 
of  opercle  dusky. 

This  species  strongly  resembles  i?ajrdic/ia  chrysoleuca,  apparently  ilif- 
fering  only  in  the  larger  scales,  fewer  dorsal  rays,  longer  caudal  fin,  11  nd 
larger  eyes.  The  2  characters  last  mentioned  may  be  due  to  youth,  the 
type  of  ahita  being  smaller  than  any  chrysoleuca  examined  by  us.  'I'he 
other  characters  are  possibly  results  of  extreme  variation,  and  tlio  2 
nominal  species  may  prove  to  bo  identical.  Pacific  coast  of  (Joitraj 
America;  known  only  from  the  original  type,  7|  inches  long.  ('aAoproj, 
unwashed.) 

Sctcenn  aliita,  .Tokdan  &■  (iiLliERT,  I'roc.  IJ.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1881,  232,  La  Union,  San  Sal- 
vador.   (Type,  No.  2812'.).    Coll.  Ciiiit.  Kcnry  K.Nicliols.) 
Bainlidla  aluta,  Jokdan  &.  Kioen.mann,  I.  «,•.,  389,  1889. 

1820.   lUIitniKLLA  (IIKYSULEH^A  (Giinther). 

Head  3,';;  depth  3;  eye  5  in  head;  snout  4.  D.  X-I,  21  or  22;  A.  II,  9; 
scales  (5-50  to  55-13.  Back  somewhat  elevated,  the  form  of  the  liody 
much  as  in  Ophioaeiov  scierua  and  related  species;  preorbital  broader  than 
in  other  spc'cies  of  liairdiella,  *  width  of  eye;  pores  on  snout  more  con- 
spicuous than  in  other  species;  snout  bluntish;  interorbital  spacti  ;{:^; 
head  thick,  somewhat  more  cavernous  than  in  related  forms;  mmith 
subinferior,  little  obli(|ue;  premaxillary  entirely  below  level  of  eye;  max- 
illary 2:-;  in  head;  teeth  of  outer  sei'ies  of  upper  Jaw  enlarged,  teeth  of 
lower  jaw  in  a  narrow,  villiform  band;  lowest  serrie  on  preopcrde 
smaller  and  loss  turned  forward  than  in  the  other  species;  dorsal  sjiincH 
rjither  stout,  the  second  strong,  the  third  longest,  If  in  head;  second 
anal  spine  .shorter  than  the  soft  rays,  2^  in  head,  the  form  and  size  ol' 
these  spines  very  variable;  gill  rakers  short  and  slender,  x-f-15,  tiic 
longest  not  as  long  as  pupil;  caudal  fin  double  truncate;  pectoral  11  in 
head;  caudal  lA  in  head.  Color  soiled  brassy,  irregularly  mottled  with 
large  patches  of  shining  gcdden  brown ;  faint  dark  stripes  along  the  rows 
of  scales  above,  those  below  lateral  line  nearly  horizontal,  those  almvo 


oMi(|iie.* 
tnrc  of  its 

Cdirina  ehrtj 

Panama. 

Sciiinn  i-hrjiHi 

llaii'lii'lla  nhi 


Let  Slelli/i'res 
Slelli/<r  (CiTVi 
StiUi/>riis,  St. 
l{i,iii"jiri(in,\ . 
/eilis,  (lII.IlEl 
/ettidiiitn,  Gl 
Stdlicarent,  G 

This  genu 
ella  and  Oj 
cavernous  c 
to  the  thinn 
and  much  c 
among  them 
4  snltgenera 
star ;  ftro,  I 
tals;  "L'^o 
(liloch). 

ZESTIS    (^tlTTdv, 

I.  rrcDpcrole  -fl 

downward. 

n.  Jawsaubei 

sfiries  < 

aa.  Jaws  iin€ 

jaw  in 

6.  Men 

«1 

II.  I'reopcrcle  i 
Zestidium  ( 

c.  Loweri 
d.  D< 

Stkm.ipei 
cc.  Low 
e. 


*  This  species 
scion  nfierus  aiic 
Sciii'iioiilH  to  thi 

t  The  Rpneric  : 
It  wan  restricted 
of  Stelli/er. 


Ii^ 


Jordan  and  Rvermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     14.'i9 


olili<|iie.*  Pannma,  apparently  rare ;  quite  variable,  cflpecially  in  th«  aniia- 
tiu'i'  <»f  its  preoptTcle.     (xpvdoi;,  gold;  XfVHiii,  white.) 

Ciiiritia  chrj/tolfuca,  (Jt'NTHEii,  Fish.  Central  Aiiiciicn,  387  and  427,  pi.  67,  fig.  1,  1809, 

Panama. 
,s,  i"ii'i  I'hri/iioleuea,  JonnAN  &  (r;i,HEnT,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fi"'-  "     ,in.  1881,  310. 
i:aii(tiilla  ehiysoleuca,  Jordan  &  Euienmann,  I.e.,  380,  1889. 


581.  STELLIFER  (Oiivior)  Okon. 


I,fi  Slflli/i'res,  Ccviek,  R^gno  Animal,  Ed.  i,  283,  1817  (itelU/er). 

Klelti/'r  (CiTViEK)  Oken,  Inis,  1182,  1817  (utelli/er). 

StiUif'nig,  .Stauk,  Klonicnta  Nat.  Hist.,  I,  4i59,  1828(«(cHi/('r). 

Il„i„"jiniin,\  HoiJiuooK,  Ichtli.  S.  Carol.,  Ist  ed.,  108,  1856  {laneeolata) . 

/eat in,  <liLHEitT,  new  Hubgenus  (otcitant). 

/ettiiliiim,  Gilbert,  now  subgenna  (illecebroi^ts). 

stillicarenx,  Gilbert,  new  Bubgonus  (zestocarut). 

This  fjenns  is  composed  of  small  species,  all  American,  allied  to  Bairdi- 
ella  and  Ophioscion,  but  distinguished  by  the  remarkably  spongy  and 
cavernous  constructiou  of  the  bones  of  the  skull.  The  septa  are  reduced 
t(i  the  thinness  of  the  walls  of  honeycomb.  The  skull  is  also  very  broad 
and  niu(!h  depre8Re<l  between  the  eyes.  The  species  vary  considerably 
among  themselves  in  these  and  other  respect-s,  and  may  be  thrown  into 
4  subgenera,  distinguished  by  the  armature  of  the  preopercle.  (atella, 
star; /cro,  I  bear,  from  the  radiated  appearance  of  the  spongy  suborbi- 
tals; "L'^toileque  ce  poisson  porte  a  I'wil^  m'a  engagd  a  le  denommer" 
(I'.loch). 

Zestis  (^fo-To*,  sof  -boiled) : 

I.  Tri'opprcle  with  two  strong  spine.t  only,  the  uppermost  directed  b.ickward,  tbe  lower 

downward. 
a.  ,liiw8subeqa.al,  tbe  mouth  very  oblique,  large;  teeth  of  lower  jaw  unequal,  the  inner 
series  enlarged.  oscitans,  1821. 

aa.  Jiiws  unequal,  the  lower  short  and  included;  month  less  oblique;  teeth  of  lower 
jaw  in  a  villifomi  band,  aubequal. 

6.  Mouth  liioderate,  the  maxillary  2J  in  head;  lower  spine  of  preopercle  directed 
downward  and  forward.  fubthi,  1822. 

II.  rrenpcrcle  serrate,  its  spinulea  6  to  20. 
/.ESTiniUM  (diminutive  of  Zentu) : 

c.  Lowermost  spinule  of  preopercle  directed  downwards;  body  robu.st. 

d.  Dorsal  rays  XIV,  20  or  21 ;  pectorals  short,  1|  in  head ;  gill  rakers  5+10 ;  col- 
oration dark.  ili.ecebrosus,  1823. 

STEI.I.IFER  : 

cc.  Lowermost  spinule  of  prooperclo  not  directed  downwards ;  caudal  fin  pointed. 
e.  Mouth  large,  oblique,  the  maxillary  2  to  2J  in  length  of  head;  snout  very 
short,  little  projecting. 
/.  I'reopercle  with  3  or  4  spines  next  the  angle,  diver^fent,  considerably 
larger  than  the  others. 

*Tliis  species,  although  technically  a  Tiuirdidla,  shows  numerous  afhnities  with  Ophio- 
aeiim  gi-ierus  and  other  species  of  that  genus.  It  marks  the  transition  from  one  group  of 
Sciiiiioids  to  the  other,  from  those  related  to  Larimn.i  to  those  allied  to  Scimna. 

tTlio  generic  name  ITomoprion  was  based  on  a  species  each  of  Htdl^fer  and  liairdiella. 
It  wa.-*  restricted  by  Gill  to  the  former  group,  and  should  therefore  be  regarded  as  a  aynonym 
of  atellifer. 


\ ':  a 


ill 


1440  Bulletin  47,  Ihiited  Stales  National  Museum. 


m 


If.  Pectoral  fln  long,  l)i  in  liomt;  b()«ly<le«'p,  coinproHHod;  liciid  nhiirt, 

tlet-p,  nioro  c(nii]in'H80<l  tliaii  in  rnliito<l  HpocioH,  tlic  iiii( mr- 

bital  Hpac<<  Ibhh  dcproHScil,  itx  widlli  3J  in  liriiil,  llii>  Hii|ini- 

ociilnrri(1j{C8  less  prominent.    1).  XF-I,  19.    htem.ikku,  i-<'J4. 

gg.  Poctornl  fln  fltiurt,  aliont  IJ  in  licnd;  intcrorbitnl  spue;'  ;i  in 

liciid;  80(.'ond  anal  Hpinn24;  body  rat Ii<-r  Hlcndi-r;  hikmii  an 

lonf;  tiM  «y(\  4J  in  head;  mouth  moderate,  oldi<|uc,  tiic  uui\- 

illary  not  (juito  }  Ivngtii  of  licad.  cxtondinK.jiiHt  pn.st  |iii]ijl, 

I).  XI-l,  20to23.  I.ANCK(H.ATUS,  1  ^J,-,. 

ff.  Prooperclo  witli  niinierouH  nliort,  BtrniKlit  npinnleH,  wliicli  dccnaMr 
in  Hizo  rejiiilarly  from  angle  upward;  nioutli  terminal,  tlif  max- 
illary 2ij  in  bead;  bead  extremely  H])ongy,  pcvtorals  \\  in  IkmiI. 
1).  Xll-I,  23  or  24.  ekicy.mha.  iHjfi. 

M.  Mouth  Buiall,  inferior,  nearly  bori/.ontal,  the  nuixiUary  3  to  3^  in  Ijrail; 
snout  thick,  blunt,  and  protubon^nt;  eye  Hmiill,  5  to  0  in  bi-ad  ;  tii'ili 
on  preojiercle  subequal;  pruorbital  thick  and  Hwollen,  much  limador 
than  eye;  body  moderately  elongate.  D.  X-I,  19.  miohops,  m'.'T. 
Stelucakkns  {Stella,  star;  carens,  lacking) : 
III.  Preopcrcle  without  bony  Hcrrii',  or  with  a  single  Homewbat  llexihlc  imiiit. 
D.  X 11-19;  month  large,  oblique;  head  narrow,  very  Hpon^y:  pt'o- 
torals  li  in  head.  zestoiauvs,  1828, 


iii^ 


Subgenus  ZESTIS,  Cfilbert. 
1821.  KTKLLIFKlt  OSOITAXS  (Jordan  &  Ollbert). 

Head  35;  depth  3;  «^yo  4^  in  head;  snont  4J.  D.  XI-I,  22;  A.  II,  s; 
scales  0-53-9,  17  pores,  liody  oblong,  the  back  somewhat  elevated;  li(;i(l 
very  wide  and  heavy,  alino.st  quadrate,  Hat  above;  checks  nearly  vertical; 
cranium  above,  as  well  as  preorbital  and  preoperclo,  cavernous,  yicildini; 
to  the  touch;  snout  heavy,  projecting  a  little  beyond  premaxillarii's, 
much  broader  than  long,  its  length  4  in  head;  interorbital  space  xcry 
broad  and  Hat,  its  breadth  2}  times  in  length  of  head;  greatest  width  of 
head  J  its  greatest  lieiglit;  eye  moderate,  its  diameter  equal  to  ,1  the 
interorbital  space;  supraorbital  rim  slightly  elevated. 

Mouth  very  wide  and  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  included;  lengtli  of  fj;ii])(' 
twice  in  length  of  head;  premaxillaries  anteriorly  on  the  level  of  the 
lower  part  of  pupil;  maxillary  reaching  well  beyond  the  posterior  iiiarf>in 
of  the  orbit;  chin  with  a  small  but  distinct  knob,  the  pores  around  it 
not  well  marked.  Teeth  .small,  not  forming  villiform  bands,  in  2  ratlior 
irregular  series  in  each  jaw,  the  outer  teeth  in  upper  jaw  somewhat 
enlarged,  the  large  teeth  fewer  in  number  and  larger  than  in  S.  J'liithi. 
CJill  rakers  numerous,  very  iine  Jind  slender,  the  largest  nbout  |  dianioter 
of  orbit,  21  +  27.  Pseudobrauchia!  quite  small.  Preopercle  with  its  angle 
evenly  rounded,  the  u]>per  and  lower  limbs  nearly  equal,  the  membrana- 
ceous margin  minutely  serrulate;  above  the  angle  is  a  short,  very  stionj; 
spine  directed  backwards,  and  at  the  angle  is  a  similar  one  directed 
obliquely  downward  and  backward ;  no  other  stiff  spines  on  the  preoiKMcle. 
First  and  second  spines  of  the  dorsal  strong  and  inflexible,  second  s))ine 
about  i  length  of  head;  third  spine  longest,  about  J  as  long  as  hoad, 
and  like  the  succeeding  spines  very  slender  and  flexible;  eleventh  and 
twelfth  spines  longer  and  stronger  than  the  tenth;  soft  dorsal  anteriorly 


Jordan  and  Rvcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1441 


about  an  Iii^li  ah  tlio  third  npiiio;  nnal  nhort,  itn  Hecond  8])in(«  long  and 
M>r\  Htrong,  nnicli  stronj^er  than  nooond  dorHiil  npine  and  h)Uf(or  than 
till  third,  itH  length  rather  ninro  than  \  tho  h-ngth  of  tho  head;  Hhortcr 
tliMii  soft  niya,  itu  tip  not  reaching  when  depresaed  to  end  of  Hoft  rayn; 
(list aiKo  from  vent  to  second  anal  spine  conHiderahly  h'HH  than  h^ngth  o. 
Hfi  iind  -inal  spine;  caudal  ronnd«>d,  the  middle  rayH  produced,  its  length 
a  little  less  than  \  that  of  head;  pectorals  broad,  reaching  almost  to 
Vint,  iibont  o(|nal  to  length  of  bead;  vontruls  not  reaching  nearly  to 
Milt;  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  randal  (ins  thickly  scaled  to  their  tips;  the 
H|iiiiouH  dorsal  >vith  a  thick  scaly  sheath  at  base,  each  spine  with  a  series 
()(■  scales;  other  lins  more  or  less  scaly. 

Scales  large;  lateral  line  with  a  wide  low  curve  anteriorly,  beccmiing 
tiirai;j;iit  in  front  of  origin  of  anal;  tubes  of  lateral  line  ))rauched  ante- 
riorly, ('oloratiou  dusky  above,  pale  below,  with  some  silvery  luster;  middle 
of  sides  conspicuously  ]Hinctulato;  upper  lins  .all  brownish,  puuctnlate 
witli  darker;  ventrals,  anal,  and  pectoral  pale;  the  anal  and  pectoral 
(lusted  with  dark  points;  open-le  blackish  within;  peritoneum  dusky 
silvery.  Tanama;  notunconimon.  In  the  dentition  and  form  of  its  month 
it  ill iVers  from  tho  other  species,  approaching  the  genus  liairdiella.  {oaeinant, 
yawning.) 

Snu-iiii  (untann,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Bull. U.  S. Fish  Comm.  1881,  312,  Bay  of  Panama 

(Coll.  C.  II.  (lilbcrt) ;  Jordan  &  Giuieut,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1882,  376. 
siAli/>'ru»  oscilann,  Jordan  &  Kioenmann,  I.  c,  393, 1889. 


I8'2'2.  STKLIilFRK  FITRTIII*  (Steindai;1mer). 

Head  3^;  depth  2.ii  to  3;  oy»^  4.,  in  head.  D.  XI-I,23;  A.  11,  9;  scales 
(!-4()-10.  Hody  rather  short  and  deep,  the  back  elevated,  and  the  profile 
steep.  Mouth  mod<^rate,  the  maxillary  reaching  lo  behind  pupil,  2k  iu 
head;  lower  spine  of  preopercle  directed  downward  and  forward;  bones 
of  side  of  head  little  cavernous ;  interorbital  width  more  than  j(  head ; 
iiioiitli  low,  litth^  oblirpio,  the  maxillary  reaching  to  behind  pupil,  2§  in 
head;  lower  jaw  included;  teeth  of  lower  jaw  subequal,  in  a  narrow  villi- 
forni  band ;  gill  rakers  rath<'r  short,  few ;  snout  short,  thick,  and  blunt,  pro- 
truding beyond  the  premaxillaries  which  are  on  the  level  of  the  eye; 
highest  dorsal  spine  1^'  in  head ;  second  anal  spine  small,  2^  in  head,  shorter 
than  soft  rays;  ventrals  2!f  in  head;  pectorals  scarcely  shorter  than  head. 
Color  dull  silvery,  darker  above;  lower  fins  pale.  Panama;  not  rare. 
(Named  for  Ignatius  Fiirth,  Austrian  consul  at  Panama,  who  sent  a  valu- 
able collection  of  fishes  to  Dr.  Steindachner  at  Vienna.) 

('iirrliia  (I[omoprion)  fiirthi,  Stkindachnek,  Ichtli.  iJeitr.,  ill,  26,  fig.  3,  187.'),   Panama. 

((JoU.  I)>natin8  Fiirtli.) 
Sciiua  fiirthi,  JORDAN  <fc  GILBERT,  Kull.  U.  S.,  Fish  Coinm.  1881,315. 
St illi/ernx fiirthi,  Jordan  &.  Eigknmann,  I.  c,  393, 1889. 


*  A  cln.soly  allied  spociea,  with  larjjer  tiioutb,  Stellifer  raitrifer,  Jordan,  it,  cooiiiiuu  on 
the  toast  ni  Brazil,  and  may  bo  found  iu  Guiaua. 


S5    I 


i 


':    I  ]] 


1442         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 

Subgenus  ZESTIDIUM.Ciitlirrt. 

lH2:t.  STKIiiill'KIt   II.LKCKIIKOSrs*,  (tillicrt. 

Ileatl  \\\  depth  2|''i, ;  oye  5^  to  b'i  in  head;  Hiiout  4  to  4^.  I).  XI\', 
20  or  21 ;  A.  II,  11 ;  pectoral  1!)  or  20.  Dody  coiii|>reNHed,  ruther  deep,  lioth 
oiitlinoH  (curved,  the  dorsal  more  than  the  ventral;  head  hroud  .-iihI  <!•)■ 
proNaud,  but  Iobh  so  than  in  the  other  species  of  Stelli/er,  the  iiiterorliitiil 
width  «M|uaIing  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  front  of  pupil,  :<!  in  h«-:iil; 
greatest  width  of  head  1,'',  to  2,^,  in  its  length.  Upper  pro'lir  do. 
pressed  above  the  orbits,  the  snout  rather  bluntly  rounded,  overl,i|>|iiiiir 
the  premaxillaries  but  little;  uiouth  large,  moderately  oblique,  the  gape 
curved;  maxillary  reaching  vertical  froui  middle  of  pupil,  or  sliglitly 
behind  this  point,  its  length,  measured  from  front  of  premaxillarie.s,  l'^ 
to  2f;  in  head.  Teeth  in  lower  Jaw  uniform  in  si/e,  in  a  villiform  band 
of  moderate  width,  which  does  not  conspicuously  increase  toward  sym- 
physis; premaxillary  teeth  in  a  similar  villiform  band,  with  an  outer  row 
of  (enlarged  canines,  which  decrease  in  size  toward  the  angle  of  the  moulli. 
Lips  thin,  but  somewhat  thicker  than  in  other  species  of  the  genus;  '> 
large  pores  in  mandible,  and  5  in  snout  immediately  behind  premaxilla- 
ries, the  inner  pair  concealed  by  overhanging  lobes.  Back  of  those  aro 
three  minute  pores.  Least  width  of  preorbital  h  the  diameter  of  orliit. 
Vertical  limb  of  preopercle  with  8  or  9  rather  slender  spines,  increuHJiiij  in 
size  toward  the  angle,  usually  3  of  those  at  the  angle  »!nlarged  and 
radiating  regularly,  or  the  lowermost  n>ay  bo  directed  abruptly  down- 
ward; the  hoi'izontal  limb  entire  or  provided  with  small  flexible  sjiines, 
loosely  attached  and  projecting  but  little  beyond  the  integument,  (iill 
rakers  short,  slender,  the  longest  nearly  i  the  longitudinal  diameter  of 
eye,  5  or  (>  above  angle  of  arch,  10  or  11  below.  Spinous  dorsal  high,  tlie 
first  two  spines  strong  and  rigid,  the  third  to  the  eleventh  weak  and  llexi- 
bl((,  the  twelfth  to  the  fourteenth  again  stronger  and  rigid;  second  sjjino 
nearly  ij  the  third,  which  is  the  longest,  IJ  in  head;  the  fin  diminisliin;,' 
slowly  in  height  to  the  sixth  spine,  then  more  rapidly  to  the  eleventh, 
which  is  the  shortest ;  twelfth  to  fourteenth  progressively  lengthen  and 
behmging  to  the  second  <lorsal,  the  last  being  more  than  i  the  length  of 
the  longest  ray;  second  anal  spine  long  and  slender,  about  |  the  hoi^lit 
of  the  longest  ray,  equaling  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  front  of  iiupil; 
caudal  convex,  the  lower  lobe  slightly  longer  than  the  upper;  pectorals 
short  and  broad,  If  to  1|  in  head,  the  upper  angle  rounded,  not  reaehinfj 
as  far  back  as  the  ventrals,  which  equal  tht^m  in  length ;  axillary  scales  of 
ventrals  and  pectorals  very  little  d«)veloped.  Color  varying  from  iini  lorni 
deep  bronze  pur])le  on  body  and  fins  to  brownish  gray  with  silvery  rellcc- 
tions;  lower  parts  of  head  and  body  somewhat  lighter;  tip  of  mandible 
white.  Eight  specimens,  the  longest  8  inches,  were  taken  around  San 
•lose  Rock,  in  the  Hay  of  Panama.  This  species  is  isolated  most  nearly 
to  Stelli/er  minor,  in  sonie  respects  intermediate  between  SteUiJ'(r  and 
Bairdiella.    In  this  species,  3  slender  interneurals  not  connected  with  dor- 


*Stelli/er  minor  (Tschndi).  a  related  species  with  similar  opercular  armature,  is  a  com- 
mou  ft  Jd  fiah  of  Peru.    It  reaches  a  larger  size  than  any  of  the  others. 


, ,  I- 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     144.'J 


s;il  spinuH  lio  ill  advutu^o  of  tlio  iKMiral  Hpiiu'  of  tlio  Hecond  vertel)ra;  4 
iniciiK'nruls  Ki^'>"K  attachmoiit  to  doraiil  Hpiiu^H  lie  crowded  botwecn  the 
iit'iiral  s])ine.H  of  tlie  second  iiiid  third  vertobni-,  the  iinterior  one  Ituiu^ 
\ri  V  broad;  W  iiiternniiriilH  follow  iiiterpoaiMl  between  the  third  and  fourth 
nriniils,  and  :i  more  between  the  fourth  and  lifth.  ((HIbert.)  {illccebra, 
11  .spur.) 
Strllit'irmteehriiiHS,iii\.nKwr  MS.,  Fisliim  of  riiiiuiim,  IHoa,  Panama,    (('oil.  liilbort.) 

SubgenuN  STELLIFER. 

1S24.  STKIiLIKKK  STKLLIKKK  (Illocli). 

Ill  lid  3.i ;  depth  34;  eye  rather  larjre,  1^  in  head;  snout  very  short  and 
liliiiit,  4,'; ;  1).  XI-I,  19;  A.  II,  H;  sealeei  18.  Month  larj^e,  oblique,  the  max- 
illiiiy  2  to  2.i  in  length  of  head;  rcachin<r  posterior  border  of  eye;  Hiiout 
vciv  short,  little  projecting;  preoperclo  with  3  or  4  spineH  next  the  angle, 
(livc'ijiont,  considerably  larger  than  the  others;  lowermost  spinule  of  pre- 
opcrrle  not  directed  downward;  pectoral  fin  long,  1,'-  in  head;  body  deep, 
(•(impiessed;  head  short,  deep,  more  compressed  than  in  related  species, 
tlio  iiiterorbital  space  less  de]>ressed,  its  width  3.>  in  head,  the  supraocular 
ri(l;;('H  less  pnuiiinent;  anterior  profile  evenly  convex;  the  premaxillary 
on  tlic  level  of  lower  part  of  eye;  preopercle  very  convex,  forming  an  arc 
of  a  circle;  gill  rakers  long  and  slender,  J'-f-18,  the  longest  S  eye;  dorsal 
spines  slender,  rather  low,  the  hnigest  l!f  in  head;  secon<l  anal  spine  long 
and  rather  stout,  lij  in  head;  caudal  iin  pointt^d.  Coh>r  dull  silvery,  tlu* 
(ins  not  very  dark.  Coasts  of  Guiana  and  Brazil,  rather  common;  the 
spefiiiiens  above  described  from  Bahia.  {stellij'cr,  star-bearing,  from  the 
radiiitod  suborbital.) 

Uoiliaiiiiii  stelli/cr,  IJi.ocii,  Iclitliyologin,  pi.  231,  1790,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

CorviiKi  tn*pi»o»a,  (Ujvieu  &   Vai.enciexnks,  Hist.   Nut.   I*oi.s.s.,  v,  109,  1830,  Brazil ; 

Cayenne;  Steinuaiiineu,  .Scia-noidcn  Unisilicns,  14,  1803. 
SeitFiia  {Stell{feruii)  stellifcra,  ,Jouuan,  I'roc.  U.  .S.  Xut.  Mum.  1880,  540  (notett  on  type  of 

trininnosa). 
StelliJ'erui  *telli/ir,  JouDAN  &  ElQEN.MANN,  I.  c,  394. 


1H25.  STELLIFER  LAXCEOLATIIS  (Holbrook). 

Head  SJr;  depth  3.^ ;  eye  4^^;  snont  4^.  D.  XI-I,  20  to  23;  A.  II,  7  or  8; 
scales  5-47  to  50-8.  Interorbital  width  3  in  head;  gill  rakers  13  +  22, 
abonl  ^  length  of  eye;  pectoral  short,  about  Ig  in  head,  about  as  long  as 
ventral;  second  anal  spine  2^.  Body  rather  slender;  mouth  moderate, 
oblii|ne,the  maxillary  not  quit<!  half  length  of  head,  extending  just  past 
pupil;  premaxillary  iu  front  «m  level  of  lower  margin  of  pupil.  Teeth 
alMive  in  broad  bands,  the  outer  row  enlarged.  Scales  on  head  cycloid. 
Dors.d  spines  slender,  tlie  first  two  somewhat  stronger,  the  highest  about  2 
in  head ;  caudal  hi;  fjf,  lanceolate,  1\  in  head ;  second  anal  spine  little  shorter 
than  highest  dorsal  spine;  first  ventral  ray  filiform.  Cohu'  grayish  olive 
above,  silvery  beh>w;  fins  all  nearly  uniform  dusky,  the  ventrals  margined 
witli  white;  many  black  dots  along  the  sides;  base  of  anal  fin  and  inner 
lining  of  opercle  dusky.     South  Atl  intic  and  Gulf  Coast  of  the  United 


ir 


1444         liiiiU'tin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Btates,  ChftrlMton  to  Toxas;  n  nniall  flnli,  rather  raro  on  onr  coftHt,  miii 
tVom  ratlitT  dorp  water;  tlie  Hp<iciiii»ii  liuro  (loMorilted  ubtaini'd  at  Cliuili  h. 
ton.     (lanmolatutt,  lanceolatn,  from  the  t'oriii  of  tho  ouiidal.) 

Homitpnon  laHetnlatiii,  Hoi.iibook,  Irlitliyol.  S.  Cnrolina,  E<1.  1,  108,  pi.  23,  18'>(t.  Port 
Royal  Sound,  Beaufort,  S.  C;  (iiHAUit.  V.  8.  aiitl  M<>x,  Houixl.  HiirTxy,  11,  IK.')U. 

Seiirna  lancfolata,  (■I'NTIIKR,  (Jnt.,  il,  280,  IHOO;  .loRDAN  d OlUiEHT,  Synn|ialM.  Dill,  |mh:i 

SteUifernt  laneeolatuii,  GooUE,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mud.  lt)81, 113;  Jobdan  &  Eiuknmann,  I.  ,• , 
aU4,  1880. 

Sciaina  HeUifera,  Juhdan  St  (iiuiEBT,  HynopHU,  SOO,  1883. 


ll 


1H20.  NTEIJilKKIt  KIUCYMBA   (Jurdnn  .t  Uilljert). 

Head  3^t;  depth  3J;  oyo  5  in  head;  Hnout  5;  1).  XII-I,  23  or  24;  \.  II,  7 
<>r  H;  BcaleH  5-48-8.  Hody  Hhort  and  stout,  little  conipreHaed,  the  liark 
somewhat  elevated,  tho  caudal  peduncle  slender;  profile  nearly  Htrai<;lit 
and  not  steep,  from  tho  acarooly  truncate  snout  to  the  oociput,  win  m 
an  angle  is  formed,  the  riue  thence  to  the  base  of  the  dorsal  being  iikuo 
steep;  head  very  broad,  with  very  cavernous  preopercle,  prcorbital,  and 
cranium;  interorbital  space  broad,  flat,  its  least  width  equal  to  snout 
and  ^  of  eye,  about  twice  diameter  of  small  eye,  2^  in  length  of  li(>u(l. 
Snout  very  short,  not  projecting  beyond  premaxillaries;  supraomlar 
ridgos  prominent;  a  cross  ridge  on  forehead  connecting  nostrils;  niontii 
terminal,  oblique,  smaller,  and  more  obliipie  than  in  <S'.  furthi,  its  •^iipo 
21  in  length  of  head;  premaxillaries  in  front  on  the  level  of  the  lower 
part  of  tho  eye;  maxillary  reaching  to  opposite  ])ostcrior  bord(>r  nf 
pupil ;  front  of  premaxillaries  extending  farther  forward  than  tip  of  Himnt. 
Teeth  much  as  in  8.  furthi;  upper  jaw  with  an  external  series  of  sniall, 
slender  teeth,  beliind  which  are  2  or  3  rows  of  smaller  teeth;  lower  jaw  with 
a  narrow  villiform  band;  pores  of  chin  obscure;  symphyseal  knob  small. 
Edge  of  preoper(;le  with  several  (about  7)  rather  strong,  slender,  radial  in<; 
teeth,  the  3  near  the  angle  largest,  none  of  them  directed  downward 
or  forward,  (iill  rakers  long  and  slender,  ll-f-18,  much  more  than  i 
diameter  of  eye;  pseudobrauchite  small.  Suprascapula  prominent,  with 
sli;uder  teeth.  Scales  large,  rather  strongly  ctenoid;  lateral  lino  very 
strongly  arched,  becoming  straight  just  in  front  of  insertion  of  anal. 
Vertical  fins  covered  with  small  scales.  Spinous  dorsal  low,  tho  second 
spine  much  stouter  than  those  succeeding ,  stiff;  other  spines  very  slender 
and  flexible;  second  spine  as  long  as  snout  and  h  of  eye;  third  spino  ;' 
length  of  head;  soft  dorsal  low,  rather  lower  than  the  spines.  Caudal  lin 
rhombic,  the  middle  rays  longest,  ^  length  of  head;  least  depth  of  eandal 
peduncle  }  length  of  head;  anal  fin  small,  not  very  far  back,  its  last  rays 
well  in  front  of  last  of  dorsal;  distance  from  its  first  ray  to  front  of  eandal 
3^  in  total  length  of  fish  (to  base  of  caudal);  its  distance  behind  the  vent 
about  equal  to  the  length  of  its  second  spine  which  is  2^*  in  head,  stont, 
but  shortish,  lower  than  the  soft  rays;  ventrals  moderate,  not  rea('liin<r 
vent,  coterminous  with  the  pectorals,  which  are  rather  long,  i  lengtli  of 
head.  Coloration  dark  brownish  above,  white  below;  everywhere  with 
dark  points;  upper  part  with  bright-bluish  reflections;  lower  parts  with 


'Mispriuted  4  in  the  origiual  description. 


il,)li,'!<l 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,      144/i 


dilvi-iy  liiatcr;  a  dark  tetn|H>ral  lilotnh;  lower  Jnw  bluck  witliiii,  beliiiwl 
till'  Iroiit  t«'»tli;  tliiH  ull  <lark-l)r()\vniHli,  tlir  |K>ctnra),  aiiul,  unil  vuiitnilH 
(|iiit<t  bluck,  with  minute)  dark  pointa;  tip  of  HpinuuH  tloiHul  blauk;  liniiiK 
iif  oporcle  diiHky;  ])uriton»uin  Hilvory.  Kay  of  Tauaiiia,  rutliur  couiiiiuii, 
Tvpi'H  fioiii  (i  to  7  inulivH  in  luu^tb,  and  an  tbvy  are  uvitlvntly  mature,  tliia 
gjiK  i(>H  IH  ])r(>liably  one  of  the  HmalU'Htof  tbeHcia'Uoid  liaboH.  'I'liu  i-avor- 
iioim  Htruoturu  of  the  boiiuH  of  tbo  head  roacheH  in  thin  Hpet-icH  an  ex- 
ti'i'Mic.  (Ei'ivymba,  a  k«miuh  of  minnowH  with  Niniiiar  cavcrnuuH  httad; 
Ifj, ,  very;  nvus^f,  cavity.) 

SciiiM  erieymhn,  Joiiiian  St  (iuJiKiiT,  Hull.  I'.  S.  FIhIi  Oiiiiii.  1881,  Ull,  Bay  of  Panama. 

(Coll.  C.  II.<iilb*<rt.) 
Siillijeriit^  frieymhu,  Jokuan  iV  KKit^NiUANN,  (.  r.,  :iU4,  18HU. 

IHS?.  HTKIiLil-'KII  MICUOI'N*   (St«iiiilu<'liii<'r). 

Iliad  3.1 ;  do])tb  3J ;  «yo  5  t«i  6;  snout  4.  D.  X-I,  lt»;  A.  11,  H;  Bcabm  r»l. 
Itnly  niodorittely  elongate;  Huout  thick,  blunt,  convex,  aud  protuberant; 
bead  above  Ichh  caveriiotiH  than  uHual  in  the  genuH,  more  ho  below ;  ]irc- 
upficle  (au  uHual  in  this  }>;enuH)  forming  the  arc  of  a  circb;;  mouth  rather 
Hiii:i  11,  inferior,  nearly  horizontal;  the  nuixillary  3  in  head;  premaxillarios 
tMitiitly  below  level  of  eye;  lower , jaw  cavernouN;  gill  rakers  about  x-f  16, 
aiioiit  ^  diameter  of  eye;  no  pores  or  slits  at  end  of  snout;  interorbitul 
gpaio  2g  in  bead;  dorsal  spines  low,  the  longest  Iji  in  head;  soft  dorsal 
Iii<:li,  the  longest  ray  2,>|  iu  head;  second  anal  spiue  rather  large,  1$  in 
head;  pectoral  1,\;  teeth  on  proopercle  subcqual;  preorbital  thick  and 
swollfii,  much  bro'vder  tlian  eye.  Color  ])ale,  nearly  jilain;  faint  oblitpte 
gti'iaks  along  the  rows  of  scales,  those  below  lateral  line  running  oblii|nely 
upward  and  backward;  scales  of  sides  with  many  brown  dots.  Length 
;U  inches,  ('oast  of  Bra/.il  and  (juiana.  The  specimens  here  described 
{■i')f<\,  M.  C.  Z.)  collected  at  I'ara  by  Dr.  Hteiudachner.  ( /niH/joe  aniall ;  roil), 
eye. ) 
Corriiia  tteUi/era,   GCntheb,  Cat.,  II,  299,   1860,  West  Indies    (not    jiuUianui  *telU/er, 

liLOCU). 

CoriiiKi  micropt,  Steindachnek,  Ichih.  Not.,  i,  0,  pi. 2,  fig.  1,  1864,  Guiana. 
ateltijerua  microps,  Juhuan  &  Eioenmann,  I.  c,  395,  1889. 


I  i 


Subgenus  STELL.ICARENS,  Gilbert. 
1M2H.  NTELIilFEU  ZKNTOCAllVK,  Gilbert. 

Head  3i  to  3^ ;  depth  2'i  to  2i''f ;  eye  3ii  to  3|f  iu  head;  snout  4i.  Pores  in 
lattral  line  47  to  50.  D.  XII,  19;  A.  II,  10.  Hody  comparatively  deep  and 
coin  pressed,  with  narrow  head,  large  oblique  mouth,  the  greatest  width 
ot  head  1^  to  1:{  in  its  length.  Anterior  i)rolile  rising  in  an  even  convex 
curve  to  front  of  dorsal,  depressed  very  little  if  at  all  above  the  orbits; 
;;rea test  depth  under  front  of  spinous  dorsal;  length  of  caudal  peduncle 
iiuaHured  from  base  of  last  anal  ray  IU  iu  bead;  from  last  dorsal  ray  Ig ; 
lea.st  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2f  in  head ;  bead  extremely  soft,  the  bones 


*  A  ruliitoil  species,  Stellifer  nano,  Jordan,  having  tbo  oyo  large,  pnd  the  lower  teeth  on 
preorbital  enlarged,  occurH  iu  Brazil. 


m 


Mi 


1440  nullitin  /7,   ruihd  Statm  Nolmutl  Museum. 

fltivcrnoiiH ;  Hiioiit  MiiiitiHli,  not  |>rn|«><>t>ltiK  Itryoiul  tlie  ]>r«MiiiixiIIurif>M.  it,, 
loiifith  M  ill  ImmkI;  lowor  .|ii\v  Iii«iIii<I«mI,  tin*  tip  prtMliiced  into  a  Hhorl  hiit 
iliHtinrt  Hyniph.vHoiil  l<nol>;  nioiitli  liir){«S  vory  ol)iii|iii<,  tlio  nntxilhtrv 
(nivnHur«>(l  from  front  of  Hiiont)  otpialin^  iiMij^lli  of  nnoiit  iind  «iyi>,  -j  ji, 
IhmuI.  1'i'*'tli  ill  narrow  villiforni  IhiikIm  in  hotli  Juwh,  widuHt  in  Nltlr-.  oi' 
proiiiiixilliu'ioN;  noiwt  of  tlio  ti^uth  eiilar^etl ;  lipHtliiii;  inonlal  anil  roNiril 
port'H  iniiiiit«t;  intrrorbital  Hparo  triinHv<>rHoly  convi^x,  2.)  to  l.'|''„  in  liiiiil; 
Hiipraorltitiil  ri<lg«!H  prominent;  pn>op(;r«-lt>  witli  a  wiilo  iiKHiiltranoiiH  Imi. 
tlur  which  Is  Hli'on^tlirn«<(l  lutar  tlio  aii^lo  with  ilivurKin^  riliH;  aNiii;;|i>, 
ruthorHtilV  Hpino  dirtirtnl  liankwanl,  InimtMliuti'ly  aliovo  tlio  an^l*'.  liilj 
rakora  niiiiieroiiH,  \»\\^  ami  Nlenilttr,  about  LM)  on  hori/ontiil  liinlt  of  anji, 
tho  loii(roBt  \  tlio  iliaiiK'tttr  of  orhit.  Kyo  lar^ro,  olliptinil,  tho  Ion;;  ji\iH 
ohlii|iio,  o<|iiaIing  diHtanro  from  tip  of  Hiioiit  to  front  of  pupil.  Ijhm 
hi)<li,(lunHoly  Hcalod,  incliKlin^  thn  Hpinoim  ilofHal;  th'Ht  and  Hocond  doiNal 
HpinoH  rath(>r  Htron|r  and  HtitV,  tho  third  and  Hiiruooditi);  Npim>H  lioxiMc; 
third  Hpino  h)n);()Ht,  \\  in  lioad;  tho  ninth  Hplno  Ih  uhortuHt,  tho  truth  ami 
uloventh  longer,  bclonj^iii;;  to  tho  Hoft  dorsal;  hist  :<  apiiicM  Ht!iiii;^iT 
andriKid;  socond  anal  N)iiiio  lonp;  and  rather  sh-ndor,  2^  to2'  in  h'liuth 
of  huad;  longest  anal  ray  Iji  to  l^j  iu  head;  anal  baNiH  lon^,  e<|iialin)jr  leiii;ili 
of  Hnont  and  eye;  caudal  iloiilile  truncate,  ulimmt  lanceolate,  the  iiiiilillo 
rayH  much  produced,  1^  or  1.1  iu  head;  portoralH  lon^,  reaching  hovoml 
voiit,  \\,  in  head;  vontralH  not  nearly  reachioff  vent,  U  to  \\  in  Iniul. 
HcaloH  thin,  docidnotiH,  weakly  cteuoid;  head  completely  Hcaled.  Colur 
nearly  uniform  jfrayiHh  Hilvery  above,  bright  silvery  below;  fluH  Kli^litly 
dusky;  mouth  and  ^ill  cavities  Hilvery  white,  a  blackish  blotch  in  ilio 
repou  of  the  iiHeudobranchiji'.  Seven  H|)i'ciincnH  known,  all  fr  I'anatna 
Bay,  the  longest  about  U  inches  long.     ((Jilbert.)     (Cc(^ro5,  boiiod; 

Hixiid,  heivd. ) 
Stelli/er  zegfocanis,  liiijiKUT  M.S.,  FImIiohoI'  Paiiniiia,  1H08,  Panama.    (C'oU.  C.  II.  (iilhcil.) 

582.  OPHIOSCION,  tiill. 

Ophiogciim,  (rli.L,  Troi'.  Ac.  Nat.  S«i.  I'liiln.  IHICI,  104  [tiipicttt), 
*'('(, ,#inn/»,(iii-iiKiiT,iii'W  Hiiliui'iiiiH  {veniiieiitarix). 

This  genus  is  composed  of  small  species,  nearly  all  American,  :il!ie(l  to 
.sv»(i«a  (Sviona  umbra  L.),  but  ditVoring  in  tho  armature  of  tho  preopcn  If, 
its  bony  margin  being  at  Jill  ages  armed  with  strong  persistent  houh', 
tho  lowermost  teeth  not  directed  forward.  The  caudal  fin  in  this  group  is 
flever  lunate;  the  soft  dors.al  and  anal  are  scaly;  teeth  iu  bands;  jfjil 
rakers  rather  short.     (u0/s,  suake;  dniuy,  Scitviia.) 

Oi'iiiosriox : 
I.  Caudcil  tin  convox  or  double  tniiicatu,  tlio  miiMle  rayH  longcHt;  touth  iu  I  lie  lnwcr 
Jaw  tMiiiiil,  in  a  villiforin  band, 
a.  Caudal  laiiceolato,  na  long  an  luMid  iu  adult;  soft  dorsal  rays  21  to  23. 

6.  Auti'rior  profllo  of  lioad  not  concave  j  caudal  moderate,  shorter  tlian  li.ail. 

D.  X-I,  22or23;  head  low,  subconic;  maxillary  3 J  iuhea«l.    Colorsoilcil 

brassy,  with  dark  streaks  alon^;  the  rows  of  scales.  adustis.  IHi'9. 

bb.  Anterior  ])roHlc  of  head  more  or  less  concave,  especially  in  old  cxninplis; 

caudal  lanceolate,  as  Ion;;  as  hcid.   Color  grayish ;  the  tins  largely  bl:i(  k. 


Jordan  and  Jurrmann,  —/'isfus  of  Xorth  .hNin'ta.      1 147 


I*.  K.v<<  Inruiv  M]  In  Itfiiil    mimiui  |iri>|i'i'tliii;  li«\i)ii<l  tlix  nhuiII  iiiniith,  Itin 
iiiiixllltir>  '.')  iiiliiMiil  1  |>ri<o|ii'ri'li'\«|||iiiuiiirri)iiM)«|iiiM'it.    I),  \    I,'.''.', 

TV  I'll  Tit,  ih:io. 

ee,  Kyc  Htniill.  4  to  1)  in  liniil ,  Hnitiil  liltir  pro|i'i'tinu;  initiith  wlilor,  the 
niuxllliirx  H>,  ill  liiMil,  |ii'i'<i|i<'irli'  wiili  4  In  <\  Hpiiit"* 

hriiAiio,  IKII. 

aa,  ('uiiiliil  llii  irrnunlurly  il<inlili>  tntiiiiit)',  miirli  Hlioilcr  than  I  In-  Ih'imI  :  mtl't  ilorMul 

Willi  '.'4  lo  W  i'u\H. 

e.  Snout  mill  li  |tri>ii'rllnu  licMinil  llio  |iri>iniixlllin'li'H;  lii-jiil  liliiiil,  miniKwIiiil 

K|Minuy'    (••><I.V    I'lllliiT  il|ti'|i,   niiii|ti'rHHi'<| ;    lliit  liark   ciiiiHiilt'rillily    I'lio 

vnli'il.    dolor  iinilorni  iliill  lirnwiil-<li  willioiil  iliirU  HlroiikM. 

/.   ri'oliiniU  1^   in  liniil;    niiixilliiiy  '-^S  In   Ik'imI  ;    liciiil  Iikh  ili'|iri'Niif«<l, 


o\  fivwlmri'  I'oiinili'il. 


MIMI  I.I'M,  Ih:I'.'. 


/.  I'iM'loi'iiU  iilnioHt  iix  lontc  o'*  l>*''><l ;  nin\lll;iiy  11  in  lii'iiil ;  Iniiil  low  anil 

Hiiiall.  i.Mii'Ki'H,  ih:i:i. 

ei".  Snout  Hcairi'ly  |ii'oJi>('tint(  liryonil  tin   |ii'i'iiia\illarii"4;  lirtail  not  m'I'\  nIimi 

iliT;   lioily   rolMint;    |irollli'  Hti'<'|i:    Itark  aiiil  Miili'H  with  roiiH|iiriioiiH 

hliK'kiitli  Ntri-aka  aloiij;  Iho  i'onnmoI'  MraleH;  niaxlllary  It  In  liimilj  ran- 

(hil  i;|  In  hiNiil ;  |H'rluralH  1|;  Huh  iliiaky.  m'tKld'H,  1h;i4, 

SM.MritVH  (triyfiOt  HlKiiia:  iiu^ici,  tail): 

II.  Caiiilal  l''Hha|ii>il,  th<<  nnlt)^  iipiirr  aii(;li<  inuili  proiliii'iMl,  Iom^it  than  nioiliiin  rayn. 

'I'l'i'lli  in  luwrr.jaw  iinri|iial,  a  Mt'rifM  of  lar^t'i-  oni^i  Ixtin;;  jii'tsi'nt  hi'MJileH  IIiomo 

of  tint  vMlironii  baiiil ;  lioily  will<  iliMtinct  ilai'k  HtiTukH;   tint  iliiHky.    Sn'onil 

anal  Hpinu  KtroiiK,  2  in  hoail.    D.  \-I,  25.  VKU.Mict'LAItlH,  1HU5. 


SubKcnuB  OPHIOSCION. 

IH>.M».  OlMIIOSt  ION  .IIM'MTI  S  (AkuhnI/). 

ilciul  ;J»;  (loptli  :\\.  I).  XI-I,  22;  A.  II,  7;  Hoal«H  HI  (jxtros);  ayti  .'<){  in 
III  Mil;  Niioiit  l.t;  iiiiixilliiry  31,;  pntorbitiil  ulMuit  hh  Itroad  uh  oye.  Kody 
('iiiii|)i'i'8H«(l,  of  iiioderiito  doptli,  the  IkmuI  low,  .siibconir,  n<MitiNli,  lint/ 
liliiiitt'd  at  tip  of  Hiioiit.  .Snout  iiitlHsr  lon^,  projurtinj;,  its  iihiiuI  poniH 
iiiiil  HlitH  w«>ll  d*'vulop»d;  eye  rathor  Hiiiall ;  mouth  Hinall,  inforior,  hori- 
zontal, tho  niaxillury  reac^hinj?  to  oppoHit*^  jtostiTior  odj;t<  ot  jmpil.  Lowor 
tiM'tii  I'qiiul,  in  u  broadish  band;  upper  tuoth  witli  tiio  outer  row  a  littlo 
('iilai'<;*>d;  intororbital  width  'Ak  >■>  hnul.  rruoperch)  willi  v«;rti<-al  limb 
and  rounded  aii^h^  with  about  8  rathor  stron;;  tueth.  (iill  rakers  very 
nliort,  thicker  than  hij^h.  Scales  regularly  placed,  thone  below  lateral 
Hue  in  hori/.ontal series;  lateral  lino  becoming Htrai<rbt  before  aiial.  Dor 
Hul  spines  stout,  the  longest  1;{  in  head;  loii|n;est  soft  rays  H;  second 
anil]  spine  short  and  very  stout,  2  in  head.  Pectoral  long,  1^  in  head. 
Ciller  soiled  brassy,  a  faint  small  tlark  spot  on  each  scale  of  back  and 
sides,  these  forming  dusky  streaks  along  each  row  of  scales;  fins  all 
(lark,  with  dark  points,  the  pectorals,  veiitrals,  and  anal  darkest.  West 
Iiiilies  to  coast  of  Mra/il.  llvve  described  from  No.  22417,  M.  (.'.  Z., 
7  iiiciies  long,  collected  at  Pernambuco  by  Kev.  .1.  ('.  Fletcher.  Two  other 
sjM'cimens  exa)nined  by  us,  «ne  from  .Terdmie,  llayti  (1>.  X-I,  2:5),  and 
another  (1031,  M.  C.  Z.)  from  Fonteboa,  IJrazil.  This  specimen,  with  its 
co-types  from  Jeromie  and  Kouteboa,  was  referred  by  .Tordan  A-  Eigeu- 
maim  (Rev.  Scia'n.,  403,  188!))  to  Schnia  ndiiHta,  Agassiz.  This  determi- 
nation is  apparently  correct.  It  is,  however,  not  the  species  called  Sciaiia 
itdmta  by  Eigoumanu,  Ann.  N.  Y,  Ac.  1894,  631,  which  is  the  young  oi' 


'  i 


1448  Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum, 

tho  fresh-water  LepiptcruH  bonariciiBiH.  Agassiz's  (ijjiiro  of  Sciwna  adiinlu 
hIiowh  19  or  20  soft  uorsal  rays.  'I'liis  is  apparently  an  error  of  the  art  ist, 
while  tho  description  whicii  given  2S  soft  dorsal  rays  is  a  slijt  or  luisjuint 
of  the  author.  Dr.  Carlos  Herg  (Aun.  Mus.  Nac.  ISuenos  Aires  18!)r».  .",;}) 
observes:  "The  numbiir  of  rajs  of  the  vertical  (ins  is  Homewhat  variaMc, 
as  is  also  tho  intensity  of  tho  oblique  dusky  streaks.  I  oltserve  tho  follow- 
ing fornmla :  I).  X-I,  L'3  to  X-I,  26 ;  A.  II,  7  or  8.  Scales  51  to  (50."  ( adutihi., 
8C(»rched  brown.) 

Seiccna  (Vorcina)  adu»ta,  AdAssiz,  Spix.  liruHil.,  120,  pi.  70, 1820,  Montevideo. 
Hciwna  aduttti,  Joiidan   it  Kkienmann,  Keview  Sciicnidii;,  40.'»,  188'J;  IJeku,  AhilMuh. 
Nac.  liueiioH  Aiit-H  1895,  5;t. 


is:m».  oiMiiosnoN  typhus.  Oiii. 

Hoad3i;  depth  'A^;  eye  H.^  in  head;  snout  '^.  D.  X-I,  22;  A.  11.7; 
scales  .5-50-7.  Aut»!rior  profile  more  or  less  coneave,  eapoeii'Uy  in  old 
examples,  the  head  being  very  low  and  slender;  eaudal  lin  lanceolate, 
almost  as  l(»ug  as  head;  snout  short  and  liluutish,  projeetinga  little  beyond 
tho  premaxillarios,  al)oui  :'.h  long  as  eye;  mouth  small,  low,  nuixillary 
extending  to  below  middle  of  eyo,  2.1  in  head;  teeth  in  both  Jaws  In  mod- 
erate bands,  tho  outer  series  of  tho  upper  .jaw  enlarged;  highest  (loiHal 
spiuo  1*  in  head;  anal  sjtino  very  thick,  strong,  as  long  as  tlie  rays,  1 ;  In 
head ;  pectorals  about  as  long  as  ventrals;  lirs*^^  ventral  ray  liliform.  Color, 
grayish;  anal  and  ventral  tins  largel,v  black.  Panama,  not  uuconiinon, 
In  its  slender  head  and  lanceoliite  caudal  fin  it  would  seem  to  differ  widely 
from  most  of  the  related  f(u-ms.  Its  relaticuis  with  O.  scierns  are,  howcv  ci , 
close,  and  ().  imicepx  is  evidently  intermediate,     {tupisiis,  typical.) 

Ophioscion   typieu*,   GlLL,   Proc.  Ac.    Nat.   Sci.   Phila.   ISO!!,   105,    west   coast  Central 

America. 
Vorvina  ophiogcion,  GON'niEii,  Kish.  Coiilral  America,  387  and  428,  1806,  Panama. 
,Sci(ena ophioscion,  Joudan  A-  Gii.heht,  iiiill.  U.  S.  Fi.sh  Counii.  1881,  315. 
Scicena  typica*,  Joudan  &.  Eioenmann,  I.  c,  404, 1889. 


:.  ^'\ 


;    1 


I   ■•)■,) 


18:n.  OIMIIOSCIO>  KTKAKO,  Cilbcrt. 

HeadSf;  dei>th  3j^.  D.  X-I,  22  or  23;  A.  II,  6;  eye  4  to  H  in  head;  snout 
3^;  maxillary  3^  to  3j;  highest  dorsal  spine  Ig  to  IJ;  dorsal  ray  2,',;  anal 
ray  li ;  candal  3*  in  length ;  pectorals  4:i ;  ventrals  5;  scales  5  or  ()-l!i-l(). 
Closely  allied  to  (>.  inpu'iin,  having  tnj  same  general  shape  and  tho  i  Ion- 
gated  candal,  which  is  longer  than  head.  It  differs  consiiicuously  in  its 
much  smaller  eye,  its  heavier,  shorter  snout,  wiiicli  barely  protrndcs 
beyond  the  mouth,  and  its  longer,  less  numerous,  preopercular  spini'H. 
Snout  bluntly  rounded,  little  projecting,  the  mouth  short  and  broad  com- 
pared with  O.  typicHS.  Anterior  upper  profile  very  couc-ave,  rising  rapidly 
from  occiput  to  dorsal,  growing  sharply  compressed.  Mouth  modera tidy 
oblique,  subternnnal,  the  snout  protruding  beyond  the  jtremaxillarics  tor 
a  distance  (measured  axially)  equaling  \  diameter  of  pupil;  maxillary 


*T1jo  unde.sirability  of  such  words  as  "typieut"  as  specific  nanien  is  very  cvidini  in 
this  ca.se.  In  Ibllowiug  the  law  of  priority  in  refcrriujj  the  species  to  Sdceiia,  tiic  .spiiies 
lias  pos.ses8ed  a  name  which  is  mdf-contradictory,  as  this  is  one  of  the  species  most  unlike 
the  real  type  of  Scimna.    If  Ophiotcion  is  recognized,  this  solecism  is  not  evident. 


Il 

i 

1 

■ 

1 

']':-.' 

Jorda n  and  Evcrmnn n .  — Fishes  of  North  A m erica .     1 4 49 


reii'  liiiiK  slij^htly  bt'hind  front  of  orbit.  Mandibular  teoth  of  (m|Uu1  size, 
ill  n  \viil«  villifonn  baud;  proniaxillary  baud  similar,  procodod  l)y  an  outer 
row  ol'  short  sleiidor  caninoH;  prcorbital  rather  narrow,  half  intororbital 
width;  oyc8  Huiall,  obliquely  sot;  interorbital  wpace  trauRvt-rsflly  convex, 
its  .\i<lth  3?  in  head;  a  low  superciliary  ridge;  preopercular  ninrgiii  with 
•I  (cw  (4  to  G)  slender  needle-like  spines,  the  3  longer  ones  wide  spaced, 
(Viiily  radiating  about  the  ang'ie;  margin  of  lower  limb  furnisiied  with 
:,  or  <>  minute  spinous  teeth,  compressed,  triangular,  and  flexible;  gill 
niki  iH  short,  slender,  and  about  k  diameter  of  pupil,  6  or  7  above  angle, 
12  lirlow ;  lirst  2  and  last  li  dorsal  spines  rather  strong  and  rigid,  the 
otht  rs  exceedingly  slender  and  flexible;  third  spine  the  longest,  reaching 
liovond  base  of  tenth  spine  when  depressed,  1|  to  I'i  in  length  of  head; 
ttiit  h  spine  shortest,  the  eleventh  longer,  representing  the  first  ray  of  second 
iloisal;  distaiuse  from  last  dorsal  ray  to  base  of  middle  caudal  ray  equals 
ieiifith  of  buout  and  V  of  eye;  second  anal  si»ine  long  and  slender,  ^ 
or  slightly  more  than  .1  length  of  head,  f  or  }  the  buigest  anal  ray;  anal 
biiHs  but  little  more  oblique  than  the  rest  of  the  abdominal  profile ;  distance 
from  base  of  last  anal  ray  to  base  of  middle  caudal  ray  slightly  exceeds 
(liBtauce  froTU  tip  of  snout  to  prcopercular  margin;  caudal  lanceolate,  the 
miildle  rays  much  produced,  equaling  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  axil  of 
jiei  liirals;  pect(»rals  short,  scarcely  reaching  tips  of  ventrals,  the  latter 
not  to  vent;  outer  ventral  ray  slightly  produced  beyond  the  rest.  .Se.iles 
sinaller  than  in  (K  tijiiicus,  5  or  (5  in  the  vertical  series  between  lateral  line 
,111(1  back;  arch  of  lateral  lino  ending  over  the  anterior  portion  of  anal 
liii;  head  almost  entirely  scaled,  including  maiulible,  branchiostegal  rays, 
preorbital,  and  top  of  head  forward  to  near  extreme  tij)  of  snout ;  on  snout, 
prcorbital,  and  mandibles,  the  scales  are  cycloid.  Color  in  spirits,  nearly 
iinitbrm  light  brown,  lighter  below  and  with  some  silvery  luster;  fins  all 
dusky,  the  anal  and  ventrals  black,  the  outer  ventral  ray  white;  opercular 
lining  dusky.  Six  specimens,  the  hmgest  5  inches  long,  from  San  Juan 
Lagoon,  south  of  (Juaymas,  Mexico.  (Gilbert.)  (strabo,  a  blinkard,  from 
the  small  obli([ue  eyes.) 

Olihiufion   strabo,  Gilbeiit,  rroc.   'J.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  18!t0  (18<)7),  444,  San  Juan    Lagoon, 
south  of  Guaymas,  Mfixico.     (Typi',  No.  47742,  V.  H.  N.  M.    (JoU.  C.  11.  (.lilbtTt.) 


;i 

!'■  v 

i. 

;i  ■ 

18.82.     OIMIIOSCION   SI.MILI'S,  Gilbert. 

Head  3-^;  depth  3;3;  eye  ^  in  head.  1),  XI,  26;  A  II,  7;  V.  18  or  19; 
pores  in  latt^ral  line  i50;  and  smaller  scales  covering  l)aso  of  caudal  lin. 
Body  more  elongate  and  less  compressed  than  in  other  species,  the  head 
especially  characterized  by  rounded  outlines;  jireorbitals  turgid;  snout 
blunt,  scarcely  at  all  compressed,  evenly  rounded  in  all  directions;  top  of 
hciid  everywhere  transversely  convex,  not  at  all  depressed  over  the  orbits; 
a  sciircely  noticeabbs  depression  at  occiput,  WMth  the  exception  of  which 
the  profile  rises  slowly  and  evenly  to  the  front  (»f  the  dorsal  fin ;  predorsal 
region  transversely  evenly  convex,  not  compressed  to  a  ridge  except  imme- 
diately in  front  of  first  dorsal  spine ;  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  about 
e(|U!illy  curved,  the  base  of  anal  tin  but  little  more  oblique  than  the  normal 
contour  at  that  point.  Mouth  wide,  broadly  U-shaped  as  seen  from  below, 
3030 14 


I       M'A 


1450  Btillctin  ^7,  Ibiitcd  States  National  Museum. 


.f. 


overpassed  by  the  bluntly  rounded  snout  for  a  distance  (taken  axinlly) 
etiual  to  I  diameter  of  pupil;  cleft  of  the  nuuitli  moderately  oblique,  the 
maxillary  reaching  vertical  from  middle  of  pupil;  length  of  maNilliiiy 
(measured  from  front  of  premaxillarics)  3^^  in  head ;  mandible  with  a  biond 
band  of  viUiform  teeth  of  uniform  si/e;  preniaxillaries  with  a  siniilar 
broad  viUiform  band,  preceded  by  an  outer  series  of  small  canines.  (  List-- 
set,  smaller  in  si/e  than  in  related  species;  preorbitiil  of  moderate  widtli, 
swollen  and  turgid  as  in  Pachjiurnii,  its  width  6^  in  head;  posterior  n<istiil 
large,  circular,  without  trace  of  raised  membranous  edge;  anterior  nos- 
tril vertically  elliptical,  small,  and  with  raised  margin;  prcoperc  ul.ir 
margin  with  14  to  JO  spinous  teeth  (in  the  type  specimen),  the  upper  owes 
minute,  increasing  in  si/e  toward  preopercular  angle,  around  wlileli  tliey 
evenly  radiate,  none  conspicuously  enlarged,  and  the  lowermost  not 
directed  abruptly  downward.  (Jill  rakers  short,  the  longest  about  e(|u;il. 
ing  diameter  of  posterior  nostril,  7  movable  om-s  on  upper  limb  of  arch, 
13  below.  First  dorsal  high,  of  very  slender  llexible  spines,  ex<e]it  (lie 
first  two;  second  spine  strong  and  rigid,  as  long  as  the  fourth,  contiiinod 
If  times  in  the  head;  third  spine  the  longest,  reatdiiug  when  declined  to 
base  of  first  ray  of  second  dorsal,  its  length  1?  in  head  ;  from  the  tliird, 
the  spines  decrease  rapidly,  so  that  the  distal  margin  of  the  fin  is  snh- 
vertical ;  the  tenth  spine  shortest,  its  membrane  reaching  base  only  of  tlic, 
eleventh,  which  belongs  to  second  dorsal  and  is  if  diameter  of  the  eye;  soc- 
oiul  dorsal  high,  the  longest  ray  equaling  length  of  8u<mt  and  eye;  eandiil 
sublaueeolate,  mutilated  so  that  its  exact  shape  can  not  bo  ascertaiiiod; 
middle  rays  considerably  longer  than  the  outer,  and  at  least  |  leniitli  ol 
head;  second  anal  spine  hmg  and  strong,  its  length  1|  in  head,  sliululv 
greater  than  that  of  first  soft  ray  which,  however,  projects  beyond  it; 
outer  ventral  ray  produced  in  a  very  short  filantt^nt,  about  ^  diameter 
of  eye;  ventral  spine  2^,  in  head,  the  hmgest  ray,  exclusive  of  filaniont, 
1.}  in  head,  reaching  5  distance  from  their  base  to  vent;  pectorals  11 
in  head,  reachiug  a  vertical  from  tips  of  ventrals.  Lips,  Itranchioistt'- 
gals,  gular  membranes,  and  under  side  of  snout  naked,  head  and  body 
otherwise  scaled;  scales  on  mandible  and  those  in  advance  of  nostrils 
cycloid  or  those  on  to)»  of  snout  very  weakly  ctenoid,  scales  otlierwisi' 
strongly  ctenoid;  second  dorsal  and  anal  with  a  definite  low  scaly  sluaili 
at  base  consisting  of  a  single  series  of  small  scales,  and,  in  additi<m,  scries 
of  scales  on  th(!  membranes  extending  :^  distance  to  tip.  Caudal  scalid  to 
tip;  lateral  line  with  a  long  low  curve,  the  height  of  which  e<iuals  .}  dl;inie- 
ter  of  orbit.  Color  steel  gray  above,  without  dark  streaks,  white  liclow, 
the  cheeks  and  lower  portion  of  sides  with  nuich  brown  specking,  some- 
times confined  to  the  margins  of  the  scales;  nioutji  white  within;  linini,' 
of  opercles  blackish ;  lins  dusky,  the  distal  part  of  ventrals  black,  the  outer 
ray  white;  anal  with  the  anterior  rays  tipped  with  black.  A  single  speci- 
men, about  8  inches  long.  I'anama.  This  species  is  closely  related  to 
O.  seierus,  but  differs  in  the  longer,  less  compressed  body,  the  plain  colora- 
tion, the  turgid  i>reorbitals,  less  arched  lateral  line,  and  smaller  teeth. 
(Gilbert.)  (A diminutive  of  simiia,  snub-nosed.) 
Ophiotcion  giviuhig,  Gilbert  MS.,  Fishes  of  rauama  1898,  Panama  (Coll.  C.  JI.  (iillnrl.) 


/on 


Ilcad.SJ; 

snoiil,  4^  in 

vaicd,  the  c 

hiw  ;  the  sn 

orliital  regi< 

to  I  lie  base 

oi|n:il  to  till 

thickness  ol 

wider  than 

wiiio.  gibb» 

hoi  izontal, 

ll;,i;-  little  for 

ot"  eye;   ])rei 

lenuth  of  ga 

in  lioth  jaws, 

wltli   strong 

otiieis,  none 

preceded   by 

iiranehia'  hum 

not   longer  tl 

hecoiiilng  str 

hiuli,  the  sjiii 

the  others,  21 

than  the  soft 

\vayiii».    Cau( 

upjier  iingle  a( 

anal  Inserted  i 

the  tirst  ray  tc 

shorllsh,  but  r 

length  conside 

1  the  length  ( 

nnal.  not  to  ti 

Color  dull  bro 

the  sjiinou.s  do: 

points;  ventra 

lia.so  of  pector; 

parts;  perltou< 

mens  of  this  s 

raiiama.     It  r 

with  that  grou 

and  little  cave 

species  referret 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1451 


1S»S.  OI>ilIOSt'IO>f  IMICKFS  (Jorilun  \  (iillicrt). 

llcivd  3J ;  depth  3.  J),  XI-I,  25:  A.  II,  8;  scales  5-51-9;  eye  longer  than 
siioiit,  4i^  in  head.  Hody  deep  and  compressed,  tlie  bark  considerably  ele- 
vaiitl,  the  caudal  peduncle  short  and  deep;  head  very  small,  narrow,  and 
|,n\  ;  the  snout  bluntly  pointed,  the  proiile  from  the  nostrils  to  tlie  inter- 
(irliitiil  region  not  steep,  thence  rising  stcei)ly  a. 'tli  a  considerable  curve 
l(>  I  lie  base  of  the  dorsiil;  depth  of  tlie  head  at  the  middle  of  the  eye 
(ii|ii:il  to  the  length  of  the  snout  and  eye,  and  about  e(iual  to  tiie  greatest 
tliii  kness  of  the  head;  interorbital  space  narrow,  little  convex,  little 
widtr  than  eye,  4  in  head,  about  e(|ual  to  length  of  snout;  preorbital 
wide,  gibbous;  i>reoperch'  somewhat  cavernous;  nmuth  small,  inferior, 
hoii/ontal,  the  lower  jaw  much  overlapped  by  the  snout,  its  tip  exteud- 
ii;u  little  forward  of  the  nostrils;  maxillary  extending  to  ojtposite  middle 
of  t'ye;  premaxillary  in  front,  far  below  level  of  lower  edge  of  eye; 
Icimth  of  gape  85  in  head;  teeth  very  small,  in  narrow  villiform  bands 
in  lioth  jaws,  tlie  outer  row  in  the  upper  jaw  enlarged.  Treopercle  armed 
witli  stnmg  radiating  teeth,  about  3  near  the  angle  larger  than  the 
otliers,  none  of  them  directed  downward.  Chin  with  2  large  pores, 
preceded  by  2  smaller  ones,  and  without  symphyseal  knob.  Pseudo- 
braiichiic  small.  (Jill  rakers  (as  in  Ophioxcion  tt/piciia)  minute,  slender, 
uot  longer  than  nostril.  Scales  roughish;  lateral  line  strongly  curved, 
beioining  straight  opposite  middle  of  anal  iin.  Spinous  dorsal  i-ather 
liiuli,  the  spines  not  very  slender,  the  second  spine  a  little  fstronger  than 
the  i)thers,  21  in  head,  the  highest  spine  If  in  head,  considerably  higher 
tliiiii  the  soft  rays;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  tins  scaled  a  little  more  than  half- 
way up.  {'audal  double  truncate,  the  middle  rays  moderately  produced,  the 
lipjxr  angle  acute,  tlu;  lower  rounded;  middle  rays  of  caudal  1=  in  head; 
anal  insertetl  nearly  under  the  middle  of  the  soft  dorsal,  the  distance  from 
the  tirst  ray  to  base  of  caudal  3|'i  in  length  of  body;  second  anal  spine 
Hliorlish,  but  rather  strong,  somewhat  shorter  than  the  first  soft  ray,  its 
length  considerably  greater  than  its  distance  from  the  vent  and  ecjual  to 
1  tlie  length  of  the  head;  ventrals  small,  reaching  about  halfway  to 
anal,  not  to  tip  of  pectorals,  which  are  long,  scarcely  shorter  than  head. 
Color  dull  brown  above;  belly  white,  but  not  silvery;  upper  tins  Itrown, 
the  sjiinous  dorsal  dusky  at  tip;  anal  dusky,  thickly  studded  with  dark 
points;  ventrals  and  pectorals  dusky;  a  faint  band  of  dark  points  from 
liaao  of  pectoral  straight  to  caudal,  bounding  the  dark  color  of  the  upper 
parts;  peritoneum  white;  lining  of  opercles  partly  black.  Three  speci- 
iiR'iis  of  this  species,  each  6^  inches  in  length,  were  taken  in  the  Bay  of 
raiiama.  It  resembles  the  species  of  Siellij'er,  and  it  has  real  athnities 
with  that  group.  The  head  is,  however,  dilferent,  being  low  and  narrow, 
and  little  cavernous,  while  the  gill  rakers  are  very  short,  as  in  the  other 
species  referred  to  Ophioscion.     {imus,  lowest;  cepa,  head.) 

Si-iii'iiii  imieri)S.  JounAN,ife  Gir.HEKT,  Hull.  V.  S.  Fish  Coiniii.  18S1,  :{09.  Bay  of  Panama 
(Types,  Nos.  29432,  29481,  29489.    Coll.  C.  H.  Gilbert) ;  Jordan  &.  EiOENMANN,  I.  c,  404. 


*    P 


{ , ;     ,t 


})    '* 


.!*■.,• 


W'-'-'sSSKi) 


IL 


.   if 


i' 


11 

■I- 

I  n  i'    * 


• 


1462         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1884.  OPIIIOBCIOX  NCIKRI'H  (.ToHlnii  &  Gilbert). 

Head  M  (1  In  totiil);  depth  3  to  3^;  eye  5^  in  liead.  1).  X-I,  24;  A  n 
7;  st^ales  «!-50  to  55-12.  Hotly  oblong,  the  oiiidal  p«Hluucle  slender,  ili,. 
back  moderately  elevated;  snout  rutbor  aciutr,  projectiuj?  niodcrutdy 
beyond  the  preniaxillaries,  its  length  3[;  in  head;  anterior  proliln  Hli;;litlv 
concave  abov«^  eye,  thence  from  nape  to  dorsal  steep  and  rather  stion^^lv 
convex;  mouth  of  moderate  size,  little  obli([ue,  stibiulerior,  the  maxiliuiy 
extending  t«)  rather  beyond  the  jiosterior  margin  of  pupil,  its  lenj;tli  '.\\ 
in  head.  Teeth  in  the  lower  jaw  in  a  rather  broad  villiform  band,  ilir 
outer  tt^eth  not  enlarged,  similar  to  the  inner  teeth;  outer  teeth  of  upixr 
jaw  moderately  enlarged.  Interorbital  space  rather  narrow,  gently  con. 
vex,  its  width  5i  in  head.  (<ranium  not  spongy  to  the  touch;  preopeide 
rather  coarstdy  serrate,  the  teeth  near  the  angle  lai-gest,  none  of  them 
directed  forward.  Gill  rakers  thickish,  extremely  short  and  small,  ilie 
longest  not  longer  than  nostril.  Scales  rather  small,  the  soft  dorsal  ;inil 
anal  well  scaled.  Dorsal  spines  rather  slender  and  low,  the  second  imioli 
stouter  than  the  third,  which  is  longest,  2  in  head;  longest  soft  my  ol 
doisal  21  in  head;  caudal  tin  irregularly  double  truncate,  the  median 
rays  longest,  1;'  in  head,  the  upper  angle  not  produced;  longest  Holt 
rays  of  anal  about  A  head;  second  anal  spine  robust,  rather  long,  1{;  in 
head;  pectorals  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals,  \\  in  head;  ventrais  l-j. 
('(dor  steel  gray  above,  dull  silvery  below,  everywhere  much  soiled  witii 
dark  brown  points;  center  of  each  scale  dark  brown;  these  dark  spots 
conHuent  in  narrow  but  distinct  dark  stripes,  which  follow  the  direction 
of  the  rows  of  scales;  streaks  above  lateral  line  anteriorly  runniui,^  oti- 
litjuely  upward  and  backward;  below  lateral  line  horizontal  posteriorly 
and  somewhat  undulating;  fins  plain ;  the  edge  of  the  spinous  dorsal  ami 
the  whole  of  the  Jiual  and  ventrals  blackish ;  other  fins  paler.  Pacifi*;  coast 
of  tropical  America  from  Mazatlan  to  Panama;  one  of  the  most  abundant 
of  the  Sciatnoid  fishes  on  the  west  coast  of  Mexico.  Here  described  IVoni 
No.  29490,  9  inches  long,  from  Panama.     (dHiepoc,  dusky.) 

Hcuvna  vcrmicularis,  Jokdan  i  Gilbeut,  Hull.  U.  S.  Fiali  Coram.  1881,  315  (not  Vorrinn 

vcrmiculari»,  GC"N  I'HEU) . 
Sciceiia  iciera,  .Tokuan  &■  Gilbekt,  Troci.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1884,  480,  Mazatlan;  Panama 

(Types,  Nos.  28385,  U!»229,  29269,  29275,  29337,  29038,  29490,  29499.     Coll.  C.  H.  tiillicit): 

Jordan  &.  Eiqenmann,  I.  c  404,  1889. 

Subgenus  SIGMURUS,  Gilbert. 

I8»5.  OPHIOSCIO.N  VEB.nH'lILARIS  (Giinthcr). 

Head  3'; ;  depth  3.  D.  X-I,  27;  A.  II,  8;  orbit  5  in  head;  snout  Sii ;  max- 
illary 3;  highest  dorsal  spint^  1^]  dorsal  ray  4;  second  anal  spine  L',', ; 
length  of  candal  tin  I3  ;  ventrals  Ig ;  pectorals  1^.  Body  robust,  deep;  tlif 
back  considerably  elevated;  ventral  outline  rounded.  Head  Honiewhiit 
compressed;  prolile  steep,  a  little  concave  over  the  head;  mouth  (t1ilii|iie; 
premaxillaries  below  level  of  the  eye;  maxillary  reaching  to  the  vertical 
from  middle  of  pupil;  lower  jaw  included;  teeth  on  jaws  une(|iial,  an 
outside  series  of  larger  ones  being  present,  besides  those  of  the  villiroriii 


Mii'iiiips,  Gill,  1 


(KEr)  DnuM;  Ci 


i  I 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1453 


lijiiiil;  Hiioiit  oLtiiHo,  lonjfer  tliun  tl>«  eye,  projectiiifj  a  little  beyond  the 
|ir<Miiii\iIl<irie8;  slitH  iiiid  pores  on  snont  large;  anterior  nostril  with  a 
ili'Miiiil  tla)i;  intoroi'bitiil  Hpace  abontl  in  head;  preorbital  broad,  about  7 
ill  licad;  preopercle  with  wide-set  spinoiiH  teeth  on  posterior  margin;  gill 
niktrs  6-f-ll>  Hhort,  some  of  tbeni  rndinientary;  pseiidobrunt  hia^  well 
(levtlopcd.  Dorsal  spines  not  very  strong,  the  third  longest,  reiM-hing, 
wliiii  depress*'*!,  beyond  tip  of  the  eighth;  soft  «lorHal  lower  thiin  spiu*)ns, 
llie  iiii  with  a  s*-aly  sheath  at  its  base,  its  membranes  covered  with  small 
scales;  base  of  anal  W  in  head,  th*t  third  spine  very  strong,  not  reaching 
tip  of  the  longest  rays;  npper  lobe  of  caudal  produced,  acute,  th*'  lower 
lobe  rounded ;  ventrals  tiliform  at  tip,  almost  the  same  length  as  pectorals. 
l.aU'i'iil  line  artditul  anteriorly,  becoming  straight  over  miildle  of  th*i 
base  of  anal  fm ;  about  '>!)  scales  in  the  lateral  line;  G  scales  in  the  vertical 
sorit's  between  lateral  line  and  ba<'k,  15  in  the  vertical  series  below  lateral 
lino.  Panama;  known  from  the  *>riginal  type  and  from  five  8p*'*'imeus 
lately  taken  by  Dr.  Gilbert,  from  which  the  present  *lescription  is  takt^n. 
{reriiiiciilari8,  marked  with  worm  tracks.) 

Corriiia  vermieiilarit,  (ii'NTHKU,  FIhIi.  Contral  America,  ;i87  and  •»27,  iil.  <>7,  (ifi-  2,  1809, 

Panama,     ((^oll.  Capt.  Dow.) 
Seiiina  vermiciilaris,  .Iouoan,  l'ro(!.  V.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1 88,'), '.(81 ;  Jokuan  Jt  Ekien.mann, 
(.,•..  1(14,  1889. 

583.  SCI^NOPS,  Gill. 
(Kki)  Dnu.Ms.) 

Seiifuiiiin,  Gux,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  1863,  liO  (ocellata). 

Tills  genus  is  close  to  Ophioscion,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  loss  of  its 
pre()per<'ular  armature  with  agt^,  the  serrate  edge  of  the  bone  becoming 
entire.  The  caudal  fin  is  truncate  *)r  concave,  the  8*)ft  dorsal  scaleleas;  the 
slits  and  i)ore8  of  the  npper  .jaw  are  well  <leveloped  and  the  single  speci»'8 
reacht'S  a  very  largo  size.  Th*'  gr-uip  is  not  well  separated  from  Ophioseion 
oil  the  one  hand,  *)r  from  Soiana  on  the  other,  but  its  retention  seems  to 
be  convenient.  {6Hiaiva,  Scuvna,  the  ancient  name  of  the  European  species 
Scitviia  umbra  and  Paendosciama  aqnila,  from  duid,  shade;  gj^,  appearence.) 

1886.  SCLEXOl'S  OCELIiATUS  (LlnnajuH). 

(Red  DRUM;    CHANNEI,  lUSS;    "ItED-FlSH;"    PESCADO  COLORADO;    BULL  RED-FISII.) 

Head  3i;  depth  3.V;  eye  7  in  head;  snout  4.  D.  X-I,  24;  A.  II,  H;  scales 
1-45  to  50-12.  Body  elongate,  rather  robust,  not  much  compresse*! ;  back 
somewhat  arched;  profile  rather  steep,  somewhat  convex;  head  long, 
ratlicr  low;  eye  small;  snout  bluntish,  rather  long.  Preopercle  with  its 
bdiiy  margin  sharply  serrate  in  young  examples,  becoming  entire  with 
age,  the  serra^  entirely  <lisapp*'aring  in  specimens  of  20  to  30  pounds 
weiuiit;  in  these  the  even  edge  of  the  bone  is  wholly  covered  by  skin; 
mouth  large,  nearly  horizontal;  maxillary  not  (|uite  reaching  posterior 
liorder  of  *trbit,  2^,  in  head;  teeth  in  both  jaws  in  villiform  bands,  the 
outer  series  of  the  up])er  Jaw  much  enhirgetl;  low«'r  teeth  subet^ual;  gill 


f.  .'■  • 

1 


:!     UA 


a  i 


1454         nulhihi  4y,  United  States  National  Museum. 

rakoi'H  r>  -f-  7,  sliorter  tluiii  tlio  (lianu>ter  of  tbo  pnpil;  lon^eBt  dorsal  spino 
2\  in  head;  hocoihI  anal  spino  IJj  in  tho  longest  ray,  Wi  in  head;  poclmalH 
aa  Ion;;  aa  ventralH,  '1  in  huad;  Hciilua  of  tho  hreant  einbodded,  cycloid- 
Hoft  dorsal  scalolcss;  candal  lin  8li|rhtly  concave,  ahont  \  as  loii;^  a.() 
head,  ('olor  fjrayish  silvtM-y,  iridescent;  often  waslu'd  with  copjjcrv  ri-d; 
nach  scale  with  a  center  of  dark  points,  these  forming  rather  ohsniii' 
irn-jrnlar,  nndulatin^  brown  stripea  along  the  rows  of  scales;  a  Jot-lihiik 
o(^<dlated  s))ot  abont  as  largo  as  ey«^  at  base  of  candal  above,  this  sitme- 
tinies  dnplicated;  the  body  occasionally  <-overcd  with  ocelli,  licn^ih^ 
to  5  feet;  tho  weight  10  to  75  pounds.  South  Atlantic  and  Qulf  coasts  of 
tho  United  States,  New  York  to  Texas;  very  common  along  our  ((Mst, 
especially  southward,  whore  it  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  inipori.int 
fottd-fishes.  On  the  Texas  coast  it  exceeds  in  economic  value  all  uthei 
fishes  found  tliere.     {ocellatttH,  having  eye-like  spots.) 

I'erea  oeellata,  Linn.kus,  SyHt.  Nnt.,  Ed.  xii,  483, 17(i0,  South  Carolina. 

Lutjitiiuii  tiianijulum.  LAC'Jii'KUB,  Hist.  Nat.  roiss.,  iv,  181  aud  216,  1)1.24,  !!>;.  :i.  iso2. 

Sumatra. 
Seivena  iiiibeildi,  Mirririix,  Tr.-iii.s.  Lit.  &.  Phil.  Soc.  Now  York  1K1&,411,  New  York. 
Corvina  occllal(i,(',iv\K\i  \  VALUNfiENNKs,  Hist.  Nat.  roisn.,  1114,  pi.  lOH,  1830. 
Johiiitm  oeellatui,  OiUAUO,  U.  S.  &.  Mox.  Hound.  Survey,  14,  jd.  H,  lijis- 1  4,  IS.IO. 
Scimia  occllatn,  GCntiiku,  Cut.,  n,  2.SI),  1800;  Jokdan  &  Ekie.nmann,  I.  c,  405,  i>1.4,  is."*!). 


•i- 


584.  SCIiENA*  (Artedi)  Linnans. 

(Hl.ACK    l)Kl'M.S.) 

Scirena,  part,  AnTKni,  Ooneru  l'i.s<Muni  17:18. 

Sciwna,  LiN.v.Kis,  SyHtoiua  Naturii",  Kd.  x,  289,  1758  (iimhra;  cirroaa). 


*  It  is  very  dillicult  I0  draw  (jenpric  distiiictiona  in  this  part  of  tho  pronpof  .sVirri/i'i/ic 
It  is  likewise  uiisatisfai-tory  not  to  attunipt  to  draw  tlioiii,  as  larK«'  groups  Hcancly  ^idinit 
of  dolinition.  \V<t  havo  decided  to  admit  provisioi'.ally  as  ;;eni'ra  the  minor  ^nmiiis  cii' 
Scid'nidte  with  loiijj  };ill  rakors,  allied  to  Stellifer  and  liairdieUn.  Anions  tlmsi'  witli 
short  gill  rakers,  we  have  chosen  to  roco;;nize  Ophioncion,  Seia^nopg,  and  l'»cii<losciif,iii, 
referrinj;  the  rest  to  one  <;enus  Scirena,  a,  lieterojteneous  {{''"op  which  runs  ciii^i'  to 
Ophiimcion  on  the  one  hand,  and  diverges  far  from  it  on  the  other,  ilordan  and  Ei^'iMiii^iiin 
oh.servo:  We  an- compelled  to  place  in  a  single  genus  tlni  great  bulk  of  those  iJi'c/.f/i/'/ic 
wliicli  have  short  gill  rakers,  nifi-rior  mouth,  and  no  harhels  on  the  lowerjaw.  In  spite 
of  the  marked  ditferences  hotween  the  extremes  of  the  series,  the  intergradation  in  cIimi- 
."icters  is  so  ]ierfect  that  we  are  unahle-  to  draw  any  sharp  distinctive  lines  among  ilitin. 
This  is  especially  true  when  the  Asiatic  species,' forming  the  groups  ealh-d  />'"/((  :inil 
Johniit)!.  are  taken  into  account.  It  is  also  true  that  oiu*  of  the  sjiecies  of  l!iilr,liitla 
{citn/solcuca)  is  very  close  to  H(mie  of  the  members  of  the  present  group.  In  tliis  r.isc, 
however,  there  is  really  one  dill'erence— the  length  of  the  gill  rakers,  which,  thougli  sniall, 
is  constant,  and  holds  good  in  all  the  known  species. 

With  a  view  to  the  discovery  of  a  basis  for  generic  subdivision,  wo  have  es)i((ially 
compared  the  following  sptH-j'es:  Scuvna  (Scueuups)  ocellata,  Scia'xa  {I'fieuilofciinia^ 
ii'ltiila.  Sciiriia  {Itula)  (liacaiitha,  and  Scio'iia  (Callaiit)  delieioisa.  If  these  specii'.-i  ((nikl 
bo  satisfa(;torily  arranged  in  dill'ereut  genera,  it  would  be  comparatively  easy  in  liml 
characters  on  which  to  detach  tho  rather  more  aberrant  types  of  Scia'tut  '{uniln-n). 
CheilotremOf  [xaturna  iXwX  fanciata),  Ophioscitm.  luid  Johiiiiis. 

The  4  si)ecies  first  mentioned  agree  in  the  position  of  the  anal  fin.  Its  second  sjiini-  is 
very  weak  in  aiiiiila,  and  adnate  to  the  lirst  ray.  It  is  .somewhat  so  in  the  citlicis,  ami 
it  is  not  large  in  any.  In  Jolniins  (ilumniiu'ri)  it  is  also  small,  but  in  Heid'na,  Uln'ilniriiiKi. 
and  Ophioncioii  it  is  consider.ably  enlarged. 

The  scales  are  snnillest  in  (KJiiila,  largest  in  ocellata,  but  the  ilitl'erence  is  nni  sli.trp 
enough  to  warrant  generic  division.  In  all  4  of  the  species  tirsti  mentioned  llir  jur 
orbital  is  flat  and  ratlier  broad,  broadest  in  ddlciosa  (7  in  heivd)  and  narrowest  in  K'j.iIIii 
(10*).     In  the  other  forms  it  is  generally  still  broader  and  more  gibbons. 

The  slits  and  pores  about  the  snout  are  distinct  in  ocellata  and  delicloga.  little  niavlinl 
in  diaeantha  and  nearly  or  quite  obsolete  in  aquila.  In  Juhnius,  Scicvna,  Vlieilvtrdiid  ami 
O}>hiiiscion  these  are  more  or  less  distinct. 

In  all  the  4  species  the  nntuth  is  of  moderati^  size,  slightly  oblique,  with  the  lower  Jaw 
included,  tho  maxillary  reaching  to  opposite  the  posterior  Imrder  of  the  eyt\  'flic  inniitli 
is  largest  in  ocellata,  smallest  in  aquila.    In  all  the  others  (Oji/uosaoH,  etc.)  the  uioutli  i.s 


Jordan  and  Evernmnn. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1455 


,Aii/iHiM«,*  Ulooii,  lulitliyoloKin,    x,   107,  170:J  \,(aTuUn,   etc.,   roBtrictrd   by    Ur.  Gill   to 

Mtutta.) 
.Vi'i'i'fi'),  Ci'ViKB,  Itt^gne  Animal,  Kil.  i,  207,  1817  (roHtricleil  to  .Vciona  ifuibra,  n  LiiiiinMiii 

Hlx'oit'H.  and  to  Sciima  aqiiila,  a  iiunLinniranonc)  (nut  of  lU'^nu  Animal,  Kd.  ii,  wLicli 

JH  I'»eiuli)»ei(viia,  lllocli ;  t.ypit,  anuiUt). 
/;„/((,  KiiANCiH  Uamii-ton,  FiHlien  of  tlu)  (Jimgoa  1822  (roi<or,  ^•t<^). 
Cm-rind,  Ol'ViRK,  K^tfiio  Aiiiiiiiil,  K<l.  II,  Vol.  2,  182U  {nigra    uwbia). 
II,,  iloliciiin,  Twiiuiii,  Kiiuim  rcriiaiiii,  Fisclio,  l!t,  1H45  (/luciutiiin). 
i;lniiiiycioii,  (iiM,,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sri.  Pliilii.  18(11,  H.'>  {idtiirnut), 
CiiUaiin,  Jordan,  Ktniew  Sciti-tiidir,  30.'),  I8H0  {(leUciomiit). 

r.ody  oblong,  tho  back  morc^  or  lessolovatcd  iiiul  comprossod ;  montli  low, 
I'iiilior  Hiiiull ;  tilt;  Hiiuiit  with  coii8])iciiouH  hHIh  and  poreH,  tliu  lower  jaw 
ill!  Iii(1(m1;  tooth  in  bands  in  both  ,jaw8,  the  outer  enlarged  above;  pro- 
()|ii  rdo  with  a  croiiiilate  inonibranaceonH  cd^j^o,  but  without  ))ouy  Herr:i>  in 
yoiiiig  or  ftld;  gill  rakei'H  short  and  thick,  rather  fow;  lower  pharyngeals 
iiiiiil«>i-ate,  separate,  with  bliintish  teetii ;  soft  dorsal  U>ng,  ar.ul  short; 
(Miidal  tin  various;  second  anal  spine  various.  S])ccies  very  nuniorons, 
varying  greatly  among  themselves,  mostly  belonging  to  tho  Old  World. 
(Sriirna,  tho  ancient  name  of  Sciwna  umbra;  from  0Hid,  shade.) 

Cam-aus  (Callao,  Peru): 
K.  Siu'oml  anal  Hpine  small  and  wlondor,  4),  in  lioad;  liody  rom))roHS<;d ;  tooth  of  lower 
jaw  unequal;  };ill  rakcr.s  Hlendcr:  dorsal  anil  anal  Hcalcd  at  baso  only;  di'iilli  3. 
D.  X-I,  23.    Color  silvery.  dki.iciosa.  18.'!7. 

(III.  Second  anal  spino  lou^^andHtout,  2  tollin  head;  back  olcvatcd;  nu)utli  Huiall.    Color 
dusky. 
('MEU.OTKK.MA  (xerArr?,  lip;  rpriiia,  poro) : 
/'.  Vertical  litis  low,  the  inembrancs  of  dorsal  ami  anal  closely  scaled  ;  caud.il  fin  lunate, 
tlu^  ujiper  lobe  th(«  lon;;<>r. 
c.  Doraal  rays  X-I,  27  or  28;  snout  moderately  blunt.  sati'una,  1838. 


Subgenus  CALLAU3,  Jordan. 

1887.  SCI.KNA  UKLK'IOSA  (Tscbudi). 

He.adS;  depth  3,'„;  eye.5.nn  head;  snout  1!,.  I).  X-I,  23;  A.  II,  9;  scales 
50.  Head  and  body  compressed,  the  back  iirched,  tho  outline  oblong-cllip- 
tii;il;  profile  straightish,  rather  steep;  snout  bluntish ;  eye  rather  large, 
iis  wide  as  tho  broad  proorbital ;  slits  and  pores  on  snout  anteriorly  well 


still  smaller.  Tbo  ui)i)er  teetli  are  nearly  alike  in  all  of  tliese;  of  tlio  4  mentioiu'd  they 
.-lie  liirfiest  in  diaeaiUha,  smallest  in  delirioaa.  In  some  East  Indian  species  (referable  to 
llol'i ')  these  teetli  are  still  1-ir.^er,  sonic  of  tlieiii  almost  canine-like. 

Tlio  lower  teeth  are  rat !.cc  '  iriie,  and  chietly  uuiscriul  in  diacautha  and  other  species  of 
Itidti,  in  2  or  3  rows,  t'  !'■  ,er  enlarjj;ed  in  deCiciosn  and  a<iuila  ;  in  a  broad  band,  some  of 
tlif  inner  enlarged  in  ()(;ct(a(«.  l\\  ,Tohniu»,  t'heilotreiiia,  i'cidnrt,  and  must  of  the  species 
of  ()j)hio»cion,  the  lower  teetli  are  in  a  broad  band  and  eijuul. 

I'lio  preopercl<!  is  sharply  serrate  in  youth,  bec(uning  entire  with  a^e  in  ocellata.  In 
a'lu'da  it  is  vaguelv  crenuliite  in  yinith,' becoming  tiiiaily  entire.  In  diacaiitha  it  remains 
iiioiti or  less  crenulate.  In  dcliciosa  the  preoperde  is  edged  by  tine  flexible  serra;.  In 
Ol'hioHcion  the  prc()i)erc,le  is  always  sh.arjdy  serrate.  In  Sciania',Vheilotrfm.a,  and  JolmiuH 
it  i-<  iihvays  entire,  or  at  least  without  bony  serraturcs. 

Aiiionjithe  4  species  hrst  mentioned,  the  gill  rakers  are  smallest  in  tfirtc(»?i^/m  (X  4-7), 
wlit'ii  they  are  short  and  thick,  the  longest  not  J  the  pupil.  They  are  longest  in  deli- 
fiiis((:  when  they  are  shuidor  (x  +12),  as  long  as  pujiil.  In  aquila  and  ocellata  they  are 
X  8  or  0,  rather  slender  and  short,  about  J  length  of  jmpil.  In  most  of  the  species  uf 
tln^  other  groups  (Oiihio.ieion,  etc.)  they  are  very  few,  short  and  tbickish,  usually  not 
iiKnv  iliau  J  tho  length  of  the  pitiiil.  'i'lie  form  of  the  body  oilers  nothing  which  can  be 
used  for  generio  distinction,  as  tlie  int<M-gradations  are  very  perfect.  The  same  can  be 
aiiid  of  tho  form  and  the  s(|uamation  of  the  fins. 

In  the  present  paper  we  have  withdrawn  OiMosciun,  Scicenops,  and  I'teiidoscinma, 
reliTring  the  other  furnis  to  IScireiia. 

Named  fur  John,  an  early  missionary  in  Tran<xuebar. 


■ ;      w  t 


1450         Ihilktin  47,  l/nikd  Slates  National  Museum, 


(lovulopttd ;  iniixillary  exteiuliug  to  iiiiildlo  of  pupil,  'Al  in  li»uil;  inoiiili 
riithor  liir^o,  a  littht  ohliqiH',  tlio  lowur  ,juw  Hli^htly  iiiclniUMi;  ]ireo|i(>ii  ||. 
liriuly  and  ev<>nly  Horrato,  tho  Ht-rrii-  llexiblo  and  not  l>ony ;  <.'ill  rakiin 
shuidcr  and  vrry  Hhort,  Hcanoly  as  Ion;;  as  pn|>il,  .1  +  12  in  nnni1i<;i-;  ♦ccdi 
in  inodorato  bands,  Hoino  of  tlio  outcM*  moderately  onlar^od  above,  hohic  df 
the  inner  onoH  )»olow,  those  Hnialh>r  tlian  those  of  the  upper  Jaw ;  soft  tiorHiU 
and  anal  s<!aled  at  baHoonly;  dorsal  spinos  moderate;  second  anal  Hplnf 
small,  \\  in  head,  (/andai  lunate,  its  n])pt>r  lobe  tlio  loiif^er;  pectoril 
long,  1,',  in  head;  color  bluish  above  with  faint  dark  horizontal  stroaKs, 
following;  the  rows  of  scab's;  axil  dark;  llns  pale.  I'aciliu  coast  of  South 
America,  from  Panama  to  IVru.  Said  to  be  one  of  the  most  abundant  I'ikhI. 
lishcH  on  the  coast  (»f  Porn.  Most  of  the  specimens  examined  an;  friim 
Callao,  but  a  few  from  Panama.     (dtUriosus,  delicious.) 

Oorvlna  delicinsa,  Tschi'DI,  Kiiiinii  Pcruiuiii  Iclith.,  H,  lH4.'i,  Peru. 

Seicena  ddiciom,  GONiHEit,  Cat.,  n,  2'X),  1800;  .Iouuan  \  Kiue.nma.nn,  I.e.,  400,  1H81). 


Subgenus  CHEILOTREMA,  'rHcliiuli. 
IHStH.  SCI.K.NA  SATIIIO'A*  ((iininl)- 


i 
Si 


■)  :' 


(KKU   K(>N(;AI)(>U;    IJl.ACK  CUOAKKU.) 

Head  a? ;  depth  2J;  eye  1  to  5  in  head.  I).  X-I,  27;  A.  TI,  7;  scales  lO-,");" 
to  60-17.  Vertical  tins  low,  much  lower  than  in  SrUina  umbra,  the  nicm 
braucs  (»f  the  dorsal  and  anal  closely  scaled;  caudal  (in  lunate,  the  ii]i)ii  r 
lobe  the  longer ;  snout  moderately  blunt,  ni'ich  less  obtuse  than  the  related 
P«'ruvian  species  Scwna  fasciata,  3.V  in  head;  body  oblong,  the  back  con- 
siderably elevated ;  proiile  steo]),  the  nape  cojivex ;  preorbital  broad,  nearly 
as  wide  as  eye;  teeth  as  in  Sciwua  itmbra,  the  bands  broader;  pharynjicnl 
teeth  all  cimic,  the  inner  series  more  or  less  enlarged ;  gill  rakers  siiort, 
thick,  0  +  9;  dorsal  spines  gradually  shortened  bohiiid  the  third,  which  is 
2  to  2i  iu  head ;  ventrals  short,  1^  in  head ;  middle  rays  of  soft  dorsal  longe.><t, 
2'^  in  head;  second  anal  spine  long  and  stout,  2  to  2^  in  head,  not  (initio 
reaching  to  tip  of  last  ray;  ilrst  anal  rays  scarcely  elongate,  about  2  in 
head ;  pectorals  broad,  H  to  l^  in  head ;  all  scales  of  head  strongly  ctenoid ; 
a  scaly  sheath  at  base  of  .lual  and  soft  dorsal;  caudal  slightly  convex,  it.s 
middle  rays  longest.  Color  blackish,  with  coppery  luster,  each  scale  witli 
a  cluster  of  dark  points ;  an  obscure,  broad,  jialo  cross  band  extending  down- 
Avard  from  front  of  soft  dorsal  to  tijis  of  ventrals,  this  often  fading  with 
age;  tins  rather  dark,  belly  silvery,  dusted  with  dark  specks;  suborbitiil 
region  coppery,  with  round,  dark  dots;  membrane  about  angle  of  oixTclts 
jet  black;  tips  of  ventral  and  anal  black.  Coast  of  Southern  C'aliforiiiii, 
from  Santa  Barbara  to  Cerros  Island.  A  food-fish  of  some  importance, 
reaching  a  length  of  1.5  inches,     (saturiiua,  dusky,  saturnine.) 

Amblodon  salurnus,  GirakI),  U.  S.  Piic.  11.  K.  Survey,  x,  98, 1858,  San  Diego,  California. 
(Coll.  A.  Caasidy.) 


*  Allied  to  this  specicB  is  Scimnafasciata  (Tsclnuli),  a  larfce  .si)ceioH  of  tlie  co.ist  of  Porn, 
witb  a  very  heavy  head.  Tlio  European  Hcicena  umbra,  Linuii-UH,  is  also  clo.sely  reliitiil, 
the  vortical  Una  much  higher. 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1457 


i'nrviiia  (Johniiiit)    jacuhi,  Stkindacmnku,  Iclilh.  Ilnitr.,  Vili,  3,  1870,  San  Diego  (baHPil 

(III  .viiiiii);  Hiiei'iini'iiH), 
('ui-\-iiMi  natiiriia,  <irNTiiKn,  rut.  KIbIi.,  ii,  2H8,  180O. 
Hhiiiosrinn  satiirniin.  (iii.i..  I'loc.  Ar.  Nut.  Hci.  I'hilti.  \HiV2.  17. 

SciiPiin  xalumti,  Jokda.n  \  (iii.iiEiiT,  SyiiopHiH,  r)72,  lHH:t;  Jokdan  Si  Khiknmann,  /.  «.,  40fl. 
Sn'fnajacohi,  Jouija.n  &,  (Jiliikut,  SyiiojwiH,  571,  1883. 


585.  RONCADOR,  .Ionian  iV  (Jilhort. 

Itmifador,  .TonuAN  iV  <iii,iiKRT,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mhh.  1880,  'J8  {Ktianmi). 

I'liiH  gciiiiH  roiitaiiiH  u  Hiiif;lti  H])C(;ios,  a  largo  Sc^in-noid  of  the  California 
coast,  much  rt'HtMuhling  .ij)h(Hiiolii>i  iirnnnienH  and  liaving  niniilar  teuth, 
ix('())t  that  the  lower  j)]iaryngeal8  are  Hej)arat«.  (ruiicador,  griinttT,  the 
.S|i:iniah  name,  one  of  goner]  ajiplication  to  tliese  liHhes,  but  on  the  ('ali- 
loriiia  coaHt  used  most  particularly  for  the  jjrcHent  genua.) 


ISilU.  itONCAKOU  STKAKNSI  (StoindiicliiKr). 

(l{l)N<!AI)OU.) 

Head  3}  to  .'{^ ;  dejith  .3  to  3^;  eye  (J  in  head;  Huout  3A.    I  >.  X-I,  24 ;  A.  II, 
8;  scales  7-(»(>-12.     Hody  oblong,  he.avy  forwiird;  the  back  elevated  and 

( pressed;  profile  long,  Hteep,  and   <'onvcx,  abruptly  rounded   at  the 

.snout;  snout  very  blunt,  altout  equal  to  the  interorbital  spare;  mouth 
moderate,  low,  subinferioi',  the  lower  Jaw  included;  maxillary  '2t  in  head, 
roaciiing  at  least  to  below  mi<ldlo  of  eye;  preorbital  ne.irly  as  broad  as 
cyiS  teeth  in  both  Jaws  in  broatl  villiform  bands,  none  of  them  enlarged; 
lo\v»!r  pharyngeals  large,  with  many  rounded  molars,  the  outer  series  and 
a  jiateh  at  the  outer  corner,  composed  of  villiform  teeth;  gill  rakers 
Klciidcr,  rather  short,  l()-f-l(>;  posterior  niiirgin  of  preo])ercle  with  short, 
stout  teeth;  dorsal  spines  strong,  the  longest  2  in  head;  caudal  lunate, 
tlic  upper  lobe  the  longer;  second  anal  spine  stout,  3^  in  head;  pectorals 
mm  h  longer  than  ventrals,  altout  as  long  as  head;  scales  below  lateral 
line  in  slightly  obli<iue  series.  (Jolor  grayish  silvery,  with  bluish  luster, 
soiMt!  streaks  of  diirk  ]>oints  along  the  rows  of  sciab's;  breast  and  l»elly 
will)  two  dusky  longitudinal  streaks;  a  very  conspicuous  Jet-black  spot 
as  large  as  eye  at  base  of  pectoral ;  axil  and  lining  of  gill  cavity  black. 


'  The  nominal  species,  called  f'oreina  jacobi,  described  from  yonng  specimons  taken  at 
San  Diepo,  iu  donbtleHs  identical  with  Curvina  taturna.  The  only  dill'erenco  indicated 
liy  Sicindaclnier  Nvliich  could  liavo  any  serioiis  importance  is  in  the  coloration,  in  the 
.ijiciics  oi  Ilwmuliin,  Aiiitolremiis.  and  otlier  analo^gous  (;roups  the  young  often  have 
exactly  the  coloration  assigiu'd  to  ('orvina  jacobi,  wliile  the  adult  ni.iy  bo  very  diflerently 
iiiiirkt'd.  We  have  not  seen  the  very  young  of  salnrna,  but  havt^  no  doubt  that  it  jtus-ses 
lhniii::li  tho  "jacobi"  coloration  in  t'hb  course  of  its  development. 
'I'lni  followinj;  is  the  substanct^  of  Dr.  .Steindachner  s  description  : 

11.  ad  :i;  dei)tli  3.  D.  X-I.  27:  A.  II,  8;  ac.iles  11-50-16.  .  Hody  moderately  elevated; 
iiKiulh  moderate,  rather  inferior;  maxillary  re.ichinji  niiddle  of  eye;  outer  rows  of  teeth 
ill  eacli  Jaw  slender,  somewhat  enlargt^d,  those  in  the  u]>|ier  Jaw  much  larger  than  in 
Inwci-;  i)reo]>er(de  rinely  serrate.  Dors.al  s)»ines  very  slender,  the  fourth  J  length  of 
liiail.  liigher  than  the  soft  rays;  second  anal  sj)in(Miiore  thiin  twice  as  strong  as  dorsal 
Hjiim's,  as  long  as  from  middle!  of  eye  to  edge  of  oi)ercle,  lower  than  the  soft  r.iys.  Caudal 
tniiicate  or  slightly  concave;  pectorals  shorter  than  ventrals,  the  tirst  ray  of  the  latter 
liciiig  tilamentous.'  Scales  on  body  and  head  ctenoid.  Silvery  gray,  darker  above;  3 
iliirk  lirown  longitiiduial  stripes  along  sides,  the  lower  broadest,  extending  from  eye  to 
iiiidclle  of  caudal,  the  middle  one  running  to  iipjier  edge  of  tail,  the  uj)per  to  soft  dorsal; 
lit'ldw  these  stripes  are  sometimes  feebler  ones,  besides  brownish  lines  following  the  rows 
iif  scales;  tins  plain,  more  or  less  puin'tulate;  markings  probably  less  distinct  in  the  adult. 


I  '  I 


'.4 


' 


1458  HuUi'tin  /7,  United  S/afrs  Natioual  Afnsnim. 


\h 


I' : : 

liii 


:U 


CoaMt  of  Noiithnrn  Callfornift,  north  to  Hnntii  Hnrharn,  geniTally  conininn; 
II  food  liHli  of  Hoiiio  iiiipoi-luiicn,  roachiii^  u  \vni){lit  of  5  or  ((  poniiilM.  'I  lu. 
Iiliiuk  fH!(«lluHoii  th»  hiiHM  of  tli««  ptM'toriil  (ill  in  tliiH  H])e<MfH  in  hh  rhui-iict<'r. 
iHtii!  iiH  tliiit  at  tho  ItitHO  of  tlio  (-aiiilul  in  Sridnopn  otullaluM.  (NuiiiimI'  for 
KoluM't  K.  C  SteariiN,  tlio  w«>ll-kno\vii  conchoIo^iNt,  tlioii  of  Sun  KranciHco.  i 

Citruinanlmniti.  Stkindaciiniu,  Irhlli.  Ilvitr.,  ill,  'J'J,  1875,  San  Diego. 
Uiiiiiiiilnr  stfiini$i,.U>Mi.\ri  Ik  i'lW.wv.KW  Vrw.  I'.S.  Nut.  Miin.  IHHO, 'JH;  .InliDAN  \' (Iii.iikii 
SyiiopsU,  OT'J,  IH8.'li  JoliUAN  iV  KlUBNMANN,  /.  ('.,  4UH,  pi.  5,  IH80. 

586.  LEIOSTOMUS,  Luripi  <ln. 

(OOODIKH.) 

I.einntomiii,  f.At'r.Pi  UK,  Hint.  Nut.  I'oIms.,  iv.  Kill,  1HI)2  (raitlhiinis). 
Lioufinnim,  (iii.i,,  I'roc.  Ac.  Niil.  Sci,  I8ti;i,  Oil  (rorntclcd  iirljiourapliy). 

Itoily  oblon;;,  ovato,  tlio  buck  (u>iiipi'o,s.s«Ml ;  Ii'mkI  ohtiiHo;  month  hiiihII, 
Iiori/ontul,  tlio  ii|i|M«r  Ja«v  with  a  liuntl  (»f  fe«tl)lo  forth,  thtt  h)wcr  iieaily  or 
(initt)  tootllh^sH;  Hlitn  and  ]>ur('Hof  nppcrjaw  well  licvehipi^d  ;  hiwor  |tli:u- 
yii<j;ealH  Hcparati',  th«  t«'cth  jiaved;  prcopondo  with  a  inenibraiiaceoiiH  Imu- 
dt-r;  dorsal  HpiiieH  tO,  Hlondor,  rathor  hi^h,  tho  laHt  ronnoctud  witii  tlui 
HoftiayH;  Hoft  dorHal  and  anal  lon^;;  anal  Hpiiicn  2,  tho  Hocond  not  lar^^,.; 
caudal  lin  cinar^rinatc;  ^ill  ni«unlii'ani>8  Hli^htly  connected;  ^ill  rakers 
slender.  TIuh  ^cniiH  in  diHtin<j;uiHlied  from  Scitina  chiefly  liy  the  uhsoli  .s- 
cence  of  the  teeth  in  the  lower  Jaw,  and  l»y  the  more  paved  teeth  of  tlm 
pharyngealH.  The  Hoft  rayH  of  the  dot-Hal  iin  and  esjiocially  of  the  :iii:il 
are  more  nnmeronH  than  in  related  <;rom»,s.  One  sjiecicH.  (A/^/oc,  Hinootli; 
drufKx,  mouth — the  month  having;  been  originally  described  us  toothless.  1 

ISIO.  LKIOSTOMTS   XANTIHKrs.l  Liinpi  do. 

(SlM)T;   (looDY;    I'otiT-CUOAKKU;   Ol.DWIKK ;    L  AKAVIVITK.) 

Head  '.ikUt  3,};  depth  3;  siiont  3k  to  3.}.  D.  X-I,  31;  ,V.  II,  lli;  sciiirM 
JMiO  to  70-12.  Hody  short,  doej),  much  coiniires-sod;  liuck  in  front  of  dcU' 
Hill  comi>re.s8cd  to  a  shurp  edye;  pro'.Ie  steep,  convex,  depressed  over  tlic 
eyes;  tlorsal  outline  convex,  hifjhest  at  front  of  dorsal;  snout  very  bliiiit, 
as  long  as  eye,  3^  to  3.)  in  head ;  mouth  small,  inferior,  horizontal ;  niiixil- 
lary  3  in  head,  extending  to  belowpiipil;  no  teeth  in  lower  Jaw,  in  the  adult; 
upper  Jaw  with  a  series  of  narrow  minute  teeth ;  gill  rakers  short,  sleiidi  r, 
8  +  22;  lower  pharyngeals  small,  with  three  series  of  molars  posteridily 
and  many  villiform  teeth  anteriorly;  preopercle  entire;  preorliital  hioiul, 
li  in  eye;  third  dorsal  spine  highest,  lA  in  hea«l;  soft  dorsal  with  tlic 
sheath  at  its  base  formed  by  a  single  scries  of  scales;  caudal  long  iiml 
forked,  as  long  as  head  ;  anal  long  and  slightly  falcate;  second  anal  siniui 
2.t  in  the  longest  ray,  4  in  head;  ventrals  ^  shorter  than  pectorals,  wlmli 
are  as  long  as  the  head;  scales  small,  strongly  ctenoid,  extending  on  <  mh- 

*  "Idi  crlaiibo  inir,  dioHe  no  cliaraktur  iscli  jji'Zoii'J'nt'ti)  Aft  nit^iiiem  verclirtt'ii  Fri'iinilr. 
Ilerrn  K.  V.  Stearns,  oiiiein  der  tliiitiKi^teii  und  luTvorragi'nd.steii  Mitglieder  drrealil'oiiii 
HcJiuii  Akadoinio  tier  NatiirwiBaeiiscliat'tcn  als  /uiclien  iiiciner  ili>ch.acht<>u  zu  widiiii'ii." 
(SliMndaohnor.) 

t  The  unine  xanthiiriit  in  an  \iiit'<>rttinato  one,  an  in  tins  sjx'cies  tlio  caudal  iin  is  ncuM- 
yellow.  This  nanio  caino  about  tlirougli  coiii'usiuii  with  Jlainliella  chrynura,  in  wjjidi 
spocies  the  caudal  fin  is  bright  yellow. 


Jordan  and  F.vtrmauu.  — Fishes  of  North  America.      1 15!> 


ilitl  imd  bane  oT  )Mtnt(M-a1fi  till f.  not  (III  otlu^riiim;  lalorni  lino  littln  riirvnd 
iintci'ioi'ly  ;  Nniles  Iti'lnw  liitfiiil  lino  in  olilii|iiuHorioN.  Color  hlniHh  a  hove, 
■^ilvorv  holow;  ubont  IT)  narrow  «lurk  wavy  bnntlH  oxtonilih);  Ironi  Miodor- 
vil  liowinvanl  and  forvviiid  to  Itolow  latural  lin*-;  a  loiinil  black  Ininn-ral 
>.|)((t  ratluM-  HMialb-r  tban  cvo;  llnH]ilain  olivacooiiH,  tho  candal  nittyullow. 
ThiM  HprcioH  ih  ono  of  tho  nioHt  coninion  fo(i«l  liHlifH  of  otir  Soutliorn  loaHt, 
lirint;  an  nxinlloiit  )ian  HhIi.  NotwitbHtunding  tin-  nunioroiiH  nominal  h|)o 
<  ii'H  wbicli  anthoiH  liuvo  roco^ni/od,  tlioro  Ih  no  ovidonoo  wliatovor  of  tliu 
I'siHtonco  of  nioio  than  onu  HpocioH  of  l.eidnloniiiit  on  onr  roaHtti.  Houtli 
Atlantic  nnd  (Snlf  coaNtH  of  United  Htatra;  Capo  (^od  to  Toxoh;  onco 
(liinlitfnlly  rocordcd  from  Marlinitino.''  (^(tyOo?,  yellow;  dr/xx,  tail.) 
I.iinstduivii  x.iiilhiinia.   I.Arti'i.DE,  IliHt.  Nnt.  PoIhh.,  iv,  4;ilt,  jil.  l(t,  t\fi.  I,  IHOJ,  Carolina; 

CIVIKU  iV    VaI.KNi  IKN.NK.M,   lliht.    Nat.   I'olnB.,  V,  U2,  IHIKl ,  JoMDAN  A  (ill.llEIIT,  SyilO|l 

NJM,  574,  1HH;I;  .InliDAN  .V  KldlcNMANN,  I.  c,  4W,  |(l.  0,  IHW). 
Midjil  ubliiivuii,  Miiciiii.i.,  TriiiiH.  Lit.  iiiid  I'liil.  Soc.  Ntiw   Vorl«  IHIO,  40.'),  New  York. 
Si'iifiia  viiilii/iimuatii,  Lpsi-EIB,  .lourii.  Ac.  Nut.  Sol,  IMiila.,  ii,  1821,  2.'>5,  east  Florida 

(Coll.  M(('liini,  Onl,  Say  &  IViilc). 
Inoutonin*  hiniieraliH,  Cvvw.H  Si   Vai.knoiknnks,   Hint.  Nat.  ToiMH.   v,   141,  pi    110,  18:IU, 

New  York. 
Iliiiiiiiiinun  rantliuriis,  HoLUitooK,  litlitliyoi  S.  CiiroliiiH,  Kil.  i,  17U,  IH.*))),  (iiuAun,  11   S 

and  Mex.  Uoiiud.  Siirvuy,  II.  IH.^0. 
Sciii-iinjraiitliiiiuii,  (JdNTUi-.K,  (.'at.,  ii,  '2HH,  1800. 

l,niiiit<iniii.soliU<i}iu»,  DkKav,  Niw  York  Faiiim:  KIhIhh,  Olt,  pi.  00,  lljj.  ID.'i,  1842. 
Sfiii-iia  (iWi'i/Mff,  (iOntiikh,  (.'at  ,  U,  288,  1800, 

587.  PACHYPOPS,  (Jill. 


I'iifhiiiiojiB,  (iiu„  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  ,Sci.  IMiila,  1H01,87  (Infilin). 

FioHli-wator  Soia-nonls  of  (ttiiana  and  Itia/il,  doHcly  allied  to  Ophioscion, 
Itiit  witb  Hniall  barbolH  in  a  tuft  at  the  HyniphyHin  of  lowor  jaw;  te«tli 
Icfhlo;  proorhital  Ncrrato;  nioutli  very  Hinall,  inferior;  incoibital  tiu'^id 
jiiid  cavcrnoiiH,  nioro  or  loss  transluoent;  lirst  dorsal  rather  short,  tho 
spines  feeble;  anal  short,  with  weak  spines;  soft  dorsal  long;  caudal  lin 
.liDnibic ;  soft  jtarts  of  vortical  tins  closely  sraled.  Very  dose  to  I'aclninrun, 
Ajiassi/,  anothor  South  American  fresh-watorgonus,  from  which  I'arluipopH 
(litl'ors  only  in  the  presence  of  barbels.  (;rtr^iJ5,  thick;  t'a'o,  below;  rJj/', 
eye. ) 

1S41.  PACIIYI'OPS  FIKCR.KI  S  (Lac.pcde). 

Head  SJ ;  depth  4.  D.  X-I,  2.')  to  27;  A.  II,  6;  scjiles  aS.  Maxillary 
•scarcely  reaching  front  of  eye,  its  length  1  to 4.1  in  head;  barbels  3,  minute 
(sometimes  obsoleto) ;  sno  it  prominent,  blunt,  2>  in  head;  eye  very  large, 
;i  in  h(>ad;  mouth  very  small,  overlapped  by  tho  turgid  jtreorbital;  teeth 
small,  etjual;  gill  rakers  very  snuiU ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  completely 
sc.ah'd;  i»ector;ils  1.^  in  head;  caudal  rhombic,!^  in  head;  second  anal 
spino  2!  in  head;  longest  dorsal  sjtino  l.<.  Color  uniform  dusky,  paler 
below;  dorsals  ])unctato  with  bhu^k.  h'iversaud  estuaries  from  (iuiiina  to 
I'ruguay ;  common  in  bracki.sh  or  fresh  waters.  According  to  Dr.  IJorg  it 
is  found  in  Uruguay  in  brackish,  never  in  fresh  waters.    Tho  specimen  hero 


*  Cette  e.<»p«'c«  ii'est  pn8  boriiee  a  rAin6ri(iu(i  Hcptentrionale ;  nous  I'avona  re(;uo de  Mar 
iiiii(iii<>,  par  M.  I'li'c.     (L'uvier  iV  ValeiiciciiiioM.) 


14110  nullttin  /7,  United  Slates  National  Miisfum. 


ilescrlbml  tVom  Uio  No^ro  (Coll.  J.  C.  IMetchnr.)    (Naiiiod  in  honor  of  w 
l-'renoh  ntitnriiliHt,  l-'ourcroi,  who  trnvelfd  in  Hni/il.) 

I'trea/iirerifa,  LAcr;:i>(:i>ic,  llUt.  Nut.  INiInh.,  iv,  :iM,  424,  1802,  Surinam. 
('iiriHna  l>iMia,('v\iKu  \  V'ai.knciknnkh,  IIIhI.  Nut.  PoImh.,  v,  112,  IH3(),  lialtitnt  not  known 
<'oiniiiiiJiirir<P(i,('\v\%Hii  Vai.BNCIK.nnkh,  ItlMt.  Nut.  I'oIhm.,  v.  111,  IH3(l. 
I'nehiiiioiii/incriviit.  Stbimiaciinkk,  lleltr.  /.iir  KtimlniMM  Ht^iii'iioidon  lliuNilii-nN,  7,  pi   i 

I80:i;  Jdkiian  .V  Kkiknmann,  (.  r.,  4i;i;  Itumi,  .Vim.  Mim,  nm-uoH  AiruH  i8U5,  53. 
I'aehyiiruH furenn.n.  STRiNiiA<'iiNitit,  Iclitli.  \UMr.,  viii,  1'.',  1H79, 
raeliiii>op4  biloba.  Hteinuaciinku,  Iclilli.  Notiz.,  200,  1H04. 

588.  GENYONEMUS,  (iill. 

Oenyonfinui,  Gn.h,  Proo.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  I'hlla.  imU,  «7  (linmtut). 

Body  olou^ate,  modorately  t-onipresHcd,  tho  back  littlo  olovatod;  licul 
(tblon;;,  tho  snout  abruptly  dociirvod;  ryoamodorato,  nutorior;  preo|)ui'<>lt' 
with  a  crcnulatfd  luenibranacttouHtMlKo;  nioutli  ratln^r  lar^*-,  Hubtermiual, 
Noniowhat  oblit^uo;  lower  Jaw  with  Hovoral  very  huiiiII  barbolu  and  with  a 
few  hiTiHi  pores,  the  barbelH  so  very  small  an  to  be  readily  overlooked,  (>s]>«v 
rially  in  freHli  Bpeciiuens;  teeth  (Mpial,  in  villiforni  bands,  theantfrioFNerit's 
Hcarrely  cnlar^red;  first  dorsal  unusually  hma,  with  about  ll^Hpincs;  anal 
with  2  8])in('H,  the  second  short  and  feeble;  caudal  eniar^inate;  pharyufri  a! 
Itones  and  teeth  an  in  Micropogon;  air  bladder  simple;  ^ill  rakers  Hlondt'i, 
rather  long.    Ui/.t^  Hniall.    (^'tVi;?,  lower  jaw;  kz/iI/ a,  barbel.) 


tl£i' 


1SI2.  OKNYONKNUS  LIXEATIS  (Ayrew). 

(LlTTLR  UONCADOK;    KiNnKISlI;   (.'ROAKEK.) 

Head  3^  to  SA;  d(*pth  .'H  to  3i| ;  eye  5]^;  snout  1.  1).  XIII-I,  21  or  22;  \. 
II,  11 ;  scales  7-51-10.  Body  oblouj;,  somewhat  coiuprcssed,  the  back  little 
elevated;  profile  littlo  convex,  rather  abruptly  decurved  at  the  snout; 
nuHith  subiulcrior,  somewhat  oblii|ue;  maxillary  3  in  head,  rcacliinir  pos- 
terior margin  of  pupil,  lower  Jaw  included;  teeth  in  villiforni  b.-inds,  the 
outer  series  above  slightly  enlarged;  chin  with  5  small  pores  and  2  8eri(^s 
(d' minute  barbels;  preorbital  g  width  of  eye;  preopercle  with  a  cronulate 
membranous  Itorder;  operch<  with  radiating  stria- ;  gill  rakers  short  and 
slender,  9-|-20;  third  dorsal  spine  highest,  U  to  2  in  head;  first  soft  rays 
of  dorsal  highest,  decreasing  in  height  to  the  last;  caudal  lunate;  tirst 
ventral  ray  produced  as  a  filament,  \\  in  head;  pectoral  slightly  longer 
than  ventrals;  scales  largo,  strongly  ctenoid,  those  below  lateral  line  in 
horizontal  series.  Color  silvery  with  brassy  luster  and  black  punctulatioiis. 
tlu'se  forming  faint,  oblique  dark  lines  along  the  rows  of  scales;  fins  yel- 
lowish; a  black  axillary  spot,  usually  conspicuous.  Cojist  of  southern 
California;  .*<an  Fraueisco  to  Cerros  Island;  generally  common  along  the 
coast  of  southern  ('alifornia.  A  food-dsh  of  some  importaneo,  of  good 
quality,  but  soft  and  not  keeping  well,     {lineatns,  Htrij)ed.) 

LeioKtnmun  lineatug,  Aykei<,  Proc.  Cul.  Ac.  Sci.  1855,  25,  San  Francisco;  (JliiAKi),  P.  U.  K. 

Survey,  X,  99,  pi.  22  P.,  figs.  1-4,  1858. 
Scicena  lineata,  GO.NTiiKn,  Cat.,  n,  288,  1860. 
Qeniionemui  lineatug,  Jokdan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  574, 1883;  .Toudan  A-  Eioen.mann,  /.  c, 

410, 1889. 


i,i 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1401 


589.  MICROPOOON,  Ciivier  «,V  Viileiioiunnos. 

((MiOAKKItS.  ) 

MiirniiogoH,  ('I'VIKH  \  \' AI.KNI'IKNNKH,  IIImI.  Nlll.  I'oIhm.,  V, 'Jl:i,  IHMO  (limalUll      iiHiluliltllMt 

Body  iiKuleriitoly  elongate,  coiii])r»HHu«l,  Hoiiunvhut  uleviitt-tl ;  prcopurt'le 
stroiiKly  Herratu;  iouth  in  villifuriii  IxiikIh,  tho  oiitur  row  in  tliu  iipiierjiiw 
i'iiliirK*'<i;  lowurjuw  witli  11  row  ofniiiiiitt<  ItiirltolHon  «>a<-b  Hi<l*s  ^ill  ral<erM 
Hliort,  thickiNli;  HpiiioiiH  tloraiil  ratliitr  Hliort  of  10  ur  U  atoiitiHh  HpiiiuH; 
Mtcoiid  anal  Hpiiie  moderate;  raiidal  lin  tloiiltle  truncate;  lower  pharyn- 
^rottlH  narrow,  diHtinc.t,  with  uharp  conical  teutli;  uir  liladdoi  with  \oun 
liorns.  A  wcll-niurkcd  ){enuH,  th<-  HpcoiuH  all  American,  allied  to  Ophiimcion 
;ind  SvUvnoiis,  hut  diRlin^ruiNhud  by  the  ]trcHoncc  of  barbels;  Hpet  ies  all 
t'loHoly  related,  Hiuiilar  in  form,  Hi/e,  uud  color.  (fiiHfju^,  huuiII;  ncbyaii', 
lit-ard.) 

MiciioiMKioN: 
,1.  D<»rMi»l  r«yi«  X-I,  28  to  :iO. 

b.  ScaluH  ('(iiii]iai'ativi<ly  Htniill,  nl)(>nt  0  in  n  vcrticnl  a*iri(>H  l))>twp«ii  front  oC  (lormil 
and  liit«'riil  lino,  I'J  in  an  (>l>lii|ii))  Ht-rii^H;  outer  tt'olli  of  iipiittr  Jaw  (tviilrnlly 
cnlurffuil ;  ilarit  HpotH  un  hcuIvb  ubuvc  lateral  lino  not  l'orniiii|{  rontiniinuH 

Htli|H*»;   HCalfH5J.  VNDt'I.AirH,  1H43. 

bb.  ScnIoM  larger,  7  in  a  vertical  MerieH  from  front  of  ilorHol  to  lateral  line,  U  or  10 
in  ail  Qlilii|iie  HurieH;  teeth  of  outemerieH  In  upper  ,ia\v  MearcelyeiilarKeil; 
dark  HjiutH  above  lateral  linti  forming  continuous  HtreukH  near'ly  an  wide  an 
interHimt^eH;  Hliort  vnrtiual  Itarx  extending  aeroHH  lateral  lino;  many  oliliijiie 
lineH  aliove  I  hose;  niarkin((i4  mure  regular,  though  less  ahurply  dellned 
than  in  M.  iiiuhilntus. 
c.  Second  anal  Hpine  moderate,  !>  in  head;  eye  Hiiiall,  0  in  head,  HraleH  S4, 

KUUNIICKI,  1844. 
ec.  Second  anal  Hpine  very  Hiroiig,  2)  to  :i  in  head ;  eye  very  large,  4  to  4^  in 
h(>ad;  no  dlHtinet  ohliquo  HtreakH  above  lateral  line;  axil  blackiith. 
Head  4;  depth  4i5.    1).  X-I,  28;  A.  II,  7;  wcales  7-50-14. 

MKOALOI-M,  1845. 

an.  OorHal   rays   X-I,  24  to  26;    snout  little  projecting;   outer  teeth   above  scarcely 

enlarged;  deptli  :i.l  in  length;  back  with  dark  obliiiue  atreaks;  gill  cavity 

dusky  within;  scales  48,  5:J  pores.  kctknes,  1846. 

aaa.  Dorsal  r.iys  M-1,  20  to  22;  outer  teeth  above  scarcely  enlarged;  snout  Bomuwhat 

projecting ;  body  deeper,  depth  3J  iu  length ;  scales  42,  4U  pores. 

Al/rU'INNlS,  1847. 

l.S4».  MICItOI'OUOMINUULATUN*  (Linmuus). 

(CKOAKKU;    UONCADINA;   CoKVINA.) 

Ilead:{;  depth  l^fr.  1).  X-I,  28  or  2}>;  A.  II,  7;  scales  !»-;")  1.  Hody  rather 
i'<il)n8t,  the  back  Hoinewhat  elevated  and  coiupressud,  the  profile  roiiudud, 

*Ur.  IJerg  speaks  of  Mict-npnifon  vndiilatua  as  the  most  common  shore  tish  of  Uruguay, 
lii'iiig  (taught  each  year  iu  millions.  He  counts:  D.  X-I,  26  to  21);  scales  8  or  U-55-16  or  17. 
'I'liis  Uruguayan  tish  is,  therefore,  probably  not  the  same  a.^  Microjwi/onfuniieri.  its  rays 
and  scales  agreeing  rather  with  it.  undulatua.  Hut  the  true  vndulatut  has  not  been 
rccordeil  from  the  AV  est  Indies.  It  may  not  unlikely  be  found  that  the  Urazil-Uruguayan 
fiirm,  Micropogon  oprrcvlaris  ((^uoy  &.  Gaimurd),  is  a  distinct  s|iecies  which  has  not  yet 
boen  properly  distinguished  from  il.  undulatus.  The  following  is  the  synonymy  of  Micro- 
poijon  opereulari$ : 

Micropogon  operculari*  (QuoY  &;  GMMARn). 

Sciivim  opercularU,  Quoy  &  Gai.m aei>,  Voy.  Uran.,  Zool.,  347,  1824,  Rio  Janeiro. 

Micropogon  Uneatii*,  CuviEB  &  Vai.encien.nbs,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  v,  216,  1830,  Brazil, 

Porto  Uico,  Havana  (in  part,  not  types,  which  were  from  New  York.) 
Micropogon  undulatus,  Beuu,  Ann.  M'ub.  Buenos  Ayres  1895,  54. 


iiii 


} 
i 

1462         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

not  dopresHed  above  eyeH;  bead  loug,  the  snout  prominent,  convex.  Montli 
nitbor  birge,  nearly  hori/ontsil,  tbc  niaxilliiry  reacliiug  to  front  of  ey«-,  ;; 
in  bead;  outer  teotb  above  enlarged;  eye  2  iu  unout,  5  in  bead,  ratlii'i 
leHB  than  interorbital  width.  I'reopcrclu  strongly  serrate  altmg  its  wlioli^ 
posterior  margin,  the  spines  near  angb;  diverging;  dorsals  nearly  se]i;i 
rate,  the  first  higli,  the  third  spine  H  in  head;  pectorals  moderate,  ueiirly 
reaching  tips  «)f  ventrals;  ventrals  lilanientous;  anal  inserted  ncai!\ 
under  middle  of  second  dorsal,  the  second  spine  rather  weak,  dborter  Muin 
snout,  jt  length  of  head;  caudal  double  truncate,  I')  in  head;  IG  scales 
in  an  oblique  series  from  vent  to  lateral  line,  12  in  an  oblique  series  liom 
dorsal  to  lateral  lino.  G'U  rakers  slender,  very  short,  7-f-l6;  co'ca  n. 
(,'olor  I)ra8sy,  paler  below;  middle  part  of  the  body  with  short,  irregular 
dusky  vertical  bars  crossing  the  lateral  liiu;;  many  dark  brown  spots  oii 
side  of  back,  irregularly  placed,  and  not  forming  continuous  streaks  alonix 
the  rows  of  scales;  usually  some  of  these  coalesce  to  form  2  dark  streaks 
procurrent  with  the  back.  Length  12  inches.  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
coasts  of  the  United  States;  Cai.o  Cod  to  Texas;  generally  conunon  alon.; 
our  Atlantic  coast,  becoming  very  abundant  southward,  but  not  k'-.own 
to  extend  into  the  West  Indies;  a  food-fish  of  some  importance.  This  or 
a  similar  species  ( Micropof/on  opcrvulur'ta,  (Juvior  &,  Valenciuiues)  is  vciv 
connu<m  on  the  sand  shores  of  Brazil,  Uruguay,  and  Argentina.  (Hndiddliis^ 
waved.) 

I'l-rva  undvlata,  l.lJiSAiVS,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  xil,  483,  17fiC,  South  Carolina. 

Seiiena  croker,  LAcfti'icuE.  Hint.  Nut.  I'oIhs.,  iv,  309,  314,  31C,  1802,  Carolina. 

Hodianus  cottatvs,  Mnci;;l.L,  Trans.  Lit.  and  I'liil.  Soc.  Now  York  1815,  417,  Mew  York. 

Micropoyon  Kneatitt,  Ci'ViEii  iV  Valencie.nnes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,  215,  pi.  110,  1830,  New 

York.    (Coll.  Milbort.) 
Micropogon  undnlatu.i,  Cuvier  &  \  ai.enciexnes,  Ilist.  Nat.  roi.'i.s.,v,  210,  1830;  (Jiuaimi, 

U.S.  and  Mo\.  Hound.  Survey,  13,  jil.  12,  1859;  GfNTiiEK,  Cat.,  n,  271,  18C0  (in  pari;; 

JoKDAN  ..V  tJlLUKUT,  Synopsis,  575,  1883;  Joim)AN  &  Eigknmann,  I.e.,  418,  pi.  7. 
Micropogon  cuitatui,  IJbKav,  New  York  Fauna:  FisLcs,  83,  pi.  72,  lig.  230,  1842. 

1844.  MI('I(0IM>(i4»\  F1  llMEKi  (Desn.ar.  .st). 

(Vekkchato;  WiirrE-Mourn  Kitr.MMEU.) 

Head  3';  depthSi  io'6%.  1).  X-I,  30;  A.  Ilj  7;  eye  (Jin  bead;  snout,'!; 
'.cales  51,  7  in  a  vertical  series  from  front  of  dorsal  to  lateral  lino,  0  or  in 
in  an  obli(iuo  scries;  teeth  of  outer  series  iu  upper  jaw  scarcely  enlarged; 
dark  spots  on  back  forming  continuous  dark  .streaks  nearly  as  wide  as  tln^ 
pale  interspaces;  body  a  little  more  slender  than  in  Micropogon  nndnlalns; 
profile  almost  straight,  a  little  depressed  above  the  eye;  snout  long;  eyo 
small,  1^  iu  interobital  area;  proorbital  wider  than  eye;  maxillary  3  ii, 
head, reaching  front  of  pupil;  teeth  iu  broad,  villiform  bands;  preopen  Ic 
less  strongly  serraoe  than  in  M  undulatiis;  ti'.ird  dorsal  spine  highest,  1:; 
in  head;  dorsals  connected  by  a  low  membrane;  spinous  dorsal  Avitli  ii 
sheath  at  its  base  formed  by  a  single  series  of  scales;  soft  dorsal  naked; 
second  anal  spine  5  in  head  ;  scales  of  the  breast  and  beau  cycloid.  Gray- 
ish silvery,  with  bright  rehectious;  a  dark  spot  on  opercle;  axil  dusky; 


short vei 
those;  tl 
inidnlatiii 
(OJiSt  of 
witli  M. 
describee 
who  coll( 

I  iiibriiia/i 
(Coll. 

'  Micnfpogt 
nniy  be 

Micropogon 
418,188; 

}liciopogoh 


Head  1 

11,7;  seal 
in  head;  s 
Kye  very 
little  enla 
;;euuj;  gi 
strongjrtl 
of  soft  do 
tloiible  trii 
riy  slightl 
in  head;  s 
Hpicuous  o 
nxil  and  bi 
Idack  than 
Ihipabrupl 
I  specimen 

ilicrnpogon 
fathoms 


Head3i 
in  iuterorl 
X-I,  2,5,  01 
rather  eloB 
profile  stra 
long  and  a 
premaxilla 
maxillary  1 


'   ^■' 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1463 


short Vf^rtical  bars  extending  acrosH  lateral  line;  many  olili<|ue  linos  above 
lliuse;  the  markiugH  nioro  icgulur,  though  Iohh  8har]>ly  deliuud  than  in  .17. 
iiudnlatua,  the  gi  neral  hue  more  Hilvery.  Wnut  IiulioH;  aliuiidaut  on  tho 
Kiiist  of  Cuba;  its  southward  diatribution  uncertain,  iVom  its  coufusion 
with  .1/.  undulatuH  and  its  analogue,  M.opvrcularlti.  Tlic  HpixinicnH  luao 
ili'scribed  from  Havana.  (Named  lor  its  discoverer,  Marceilin  Fouruier, 
wlio  collected  in  Cuba.) 

I  iiibriiia/tirnieii,  Desaiakkkt,  Premii'ie  Dt-cado  Iclithyol.,  22,  pi.  2,  (ij;.  3,  1822,  Havana. 

(Coll.  Fouruier.) 
'  Microjwgon  argenletig,  UrviEB  it  VALUNCiEWNKa,  lliHt.  Nut.  Poiss.,  v,  21H,  1830,  Surinam  ; 

may  be  ^f.  npcrcxdaris  or  M.  iindiilatiin. 
MicrojHxjon  furnieri,  .ToituAN,  I'roc.  l'.  S.Nat.  Mu.^t.  1884,37;  Jokua.n  ifc  Ekienmann,  I.e., 

418,1880. 
Micropotjon  vndiilatiis,  I'oEV,  Syiioj)8i«,  32.')  (not  ol' Linn.kuh). 


1845.  Mn'l«>l><MJ4»\  .MKUALOPS,  (iilbert. 

lloadl;  depth  4^;  eye  4  to  U  m  head;  snout  3^  D.  X-I,  27  to  2l» ;  A. 
II,  7;  scales  7-50-14;  maxillary  reaching  vertical  from  middle  of  i)ui»il,  21 
ill  head;  snout  e(iualinginterorbital  width;  width  of  preorbital  lA  in  .snout. 
Kyo  very  large,  a  trille  !es.s  than  snotit;  outer  series  of  teeth  in  upjier  jaw 
little  enlarged;  pnopercular  spines  very  strong,  arranged  as  usual  in  this 
ijtMiui;  gill  rakers  all  short,  9  above  the  angle,  16  below.  Dorsal  spines 
stronger  than  in  M.eetcnes,  tho  third  the  longest,  1»arely  reaching  origin 
of  soft  dorsal  when  depressed,  equaling  length  of  snout  and  eye;  caudal 
iloublo  truncate;  second  anal  spine  strong  2. i  to  3  in  head;  outer  ventnil 
r;iy  slightly  produced.  If  in  head;  jiectorals  extending  beyond  ventrals.  Is 
in  head;  scales  of  moderate  size.  Color  as  usual  in  this  genus;  no  con- 
.spicuous  obli«iue  streaks  following  rows  of  scales  above  tho  lateral  line; 
axil  and  base  of  pectorals  blackish;  lining  of  gill  cavity  more  extensively 
lilack  than  in  other  species,  the  brauchiostegal  membrane  and  opercular 
liap  abruptly  silvery  white  within.  (Julf  of  California.  Known  (mlyfrom 
I  .specimens,  tho  longest  10  inches  in  length.     {/layaXo^,  large;  wip,  eye.) 

Micropogon    incijalojin,  GihUEin;  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  18!)0,  64,  Gulf  of  California  in  14 
fathoms;  Albatross  station  No.  3021.    (Type,  No.  not  a.s.>4iguu(l.    Coll.  Albatrogs.) 


4  ■■  -^l; 


1  /*  S 

1 


184U.  Mlt'BUPU(iO\   KCTK.XIS,  Jordan  &.  (Gilbert. 


(Veuuuoato.) 

Mead  3^^  (3|  with  caudal);  <lepth  3!  (40;  eye  rather  large,  6  in  head,  1^ 
ill  iuterorbitul  width,  1;^^  in  snout,  a  little  less  than  preorbital  width.  D. 
X-I,  2.5,  or  X-I,  24;  A.  II,  7,  or  II,  8;  scales  7-53-13;  pores  54.  liody 
I'iither  elongate,  moderately  compressed,  the  back  little  elevated;  anterior 
prolile  straightishor  slightly  undulate.  Head  long,  rather  low,  the  snottt 
long  and  abruptly  truncate  at  the  tij),  which  projects  but  little  beyond  tl 
inemaxillaries.  Mouth  nearly  horizontal,  the  lower  jaw  included,  the 
iiiiixillary  barely  reaching  to  opposite  front  of  eye,  its  length  3^-  iu  head. 


,;  V 


m 


1464  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 

Toeth  iu  rather  broad  banclH,  the  anterior  in  upper  jaw  little  eularntd. 
Snout  with  the  usual  lobt^s  aud  poruB  at  tip,  its  length  'A\,  in  head;  cliin 
with  5  large  poios ;  about  4  Hniall  barbelHon  the  inner  edge  of  each  dentar) 
bone  anteriorly,  these  rather  shorter  than  the  posterior  nostril,  whicli  is 
oblong  and  much  longer  than  the  anterior  nostril.  Preoperch^  wiili 
numerous  rather  strong  teeth  above  the  angle,  Avhich  has  2  large,  strong  I;, 
divergent  teeth,  the  lower  directed  oblitpiely  downward.  Gill  rakers 
short,  7  +  12.  Pseudobranchia^  well  developed.  Scales  of  moderate  si/c, 
those  on  the  breast  little  reduced;  no  s<alcs  on  the  dorsal  or  anal,  except 
a  basal  series;  caudal  largely  scaly;  about  20  scales  in  an  oltliiiue  seri(  > 
from  front  of  anal  upward  to  spinous  dorsal,  18  from  vent  upward  to  sni't 
dorsal.  Latt^ral  line  becoming  straight  well  in  advance  of  anal.  S]iin()iis 
dorsal  high,  higher  than  in  M.  nnduUiliia,  itis  third  s])ine  not  very  niiicli 
shorter  than  the  fourth;  third  spine  varying  in  length,  about  2  in  lieml 
(IJ  to  2|);  all  the  spines  freely  flexible;  longest  soft  ray  3^  in  bend; 
caudal  slightly  <louble  concave,  tin?  upi»cr,  middle,  aud  lower  rays  alioni 
equal,  IJ  in  head;  lower  rays  shorter  in  y<»iing  individuals;  amil  siiiall, 
ending  well  in  advance  of  posterior  ray  of  dorsal ;  second  anal  spine  rather 
small,  its  length  3;-!  in  head;  longest  soft  ray  2.1  in  head.  I'ectoral  tin  very 
long  aud  ]»oiuted,  reaching  past  vontrals,  but  not  to  vent,  its  length  1,',  in 
head;  ventrals  with  the  first  ray  filamentous,  1!  in  head  without  filiinient. 
Color  grayish  silvery,  without  brassy  tinge  ;  dorsal  region  and  sides  udove, 
lower  edge  of  pectorals  marked  with  dark  streaks  extending  obli(|ue]y 
upward  and  backward  along  the  series  of  scales.  Hesides  these,  about  1(> 
short,  oblique,  dark  bars  extending  downward  and  forward,  crossing  tlu) 
arched  portion  of  the  lateral  lino,  the  longest  of  these  about  as  long  as 
snout;  liningof  gill  cavity  blackish;  peritoneum  pale;  fins  all  yellowisii, 
the  tips  of  spinous  dorsal  blackish;  upjier  edge  of  pectoral  aud  border  of 
soft  dorsal  dusky;  region  above  and  below  base  of  ])ectoral  with  dark 
punctulatitms.  Length  2  feet  or  less.  Pacific  coast  of  Mexico;  abundant 
at  Ma/.atlan,  where  it  is  an  important  food-Ush;  not  seen  at  Panama. 
(i«r£K;)5,  stretched.) 

Mienipoijon  ecteiies,  .Tokuan  &.  Giuieht,  Proc.  V.  S.  Niit.  ifiis.  1881,  3;").'),  Mazatlan  (Tyiics, 
No8.  28295,  29538,  28330,  28301.    Coll.  Gilliert) ;  Joudan  \-.  EKiEN.MANN,  I.  c,  419,  18H!). 

1S47.  MIC'KOPOUOX  ALTIIMWIS,  Guuther. 

IleadSi;  depth  3;^.  1).  X-1,  20  to  22;  A.  II,  7;  scales  7-18-15.  Oiitei 
teeth  of  upper  Jaw  scarcely  enlarged;  snout  somewhat  ]»rojecting;  scales 
still  larger;  lateral  line  -12  (li>  pore.s);  scales  above  the  lateral  line,  verti- 
cally, 5  or  6;  obliquely,  8;  12  in  an  oblique  series  from  vent;  maxilluiy 
exteuding  scarcely  beyond  the  vertical  from  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
eye;  body  less  elongate  than  iu  Micropogon  ectenes ;  highest  dorsal  spines 
1^  in  head;  anal  spine  about  4  in  head.  Coloration  es-seutially  as  in  Micro- 
im/on  cctcnes,  which  it  closely  resembles,  differing  in  the  shorter  second 
dorsal.     Panama;  not  rare.     (a?/MS,  high;  jmiHtf,  fin.) 

iticropogoti  altipinnit,  GOntiiek,  Proc.  /ool.  Soc.  Loud.  1804,  149,  San  Jose,  Panama, 
Chiapas;  GOnthek,  Fish.  Central  America,  387  aud  425,  1809;  JouuAN  it  GiLUEur, 
Bull.  U.  S. Fish  Couim.  1882,  111;  Joudan  &  Eiuenmann,  I.  c,  419,  1889. 


I'lnhriiin,  (I 
SciieiKil 

.^riivnn,  Hi. I 
Htrictioil 

Hody  ni 
liie  snout 
sizt);  ]»reo 
single  thi» 
iipiterjaw 
liii  with  2 
<ii]l  riikersl 

I  (intains  a 

I I  agrees  v 

•  iiin  of  ashi 
InirrhitH,  bi 
(onfounded 
cl(i.sely  rela 
species  by  e 

I   MIIHINA: 
(/.  l)<)r^4al  raj 
aa.  Dor.sal  r; 
b.  llod.i 

bb.  Hod 


cc. 


'lint.  Dorsal  raj 
lartjo, 
second 
head ; 
stroalvi 


*  "Jo  noto  ici  qj 
If  noin  do  Scifena 
l"Mirra  i>liis("'tro  «■ 
travaiix  sur  los  Sc 

No.  47,  pi 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1465 

590.  UMBRINA,  Cnvier. 

I'inbritia,  CuviKii,  IwtNgne  Animal,  Ed.  i,  207,  1817  {cirrona  ,  Sei(vna  L.  liciiin  icstrlcttMl  to 
SciwHii  umbra,  u  Liiiiiii'iiii,  iiiiil  to  Sriivnn  (I'lin'ld,  a  iionl.iiiiiii'nii  Hpt'cifH). 

,NVi'(»7»((,  lii.EEKEii,*  I'oiHHoiis  do  la  Ciito  do  Uuiuc'o,  0(5,  1862  {cin'vta ,-  not  tlio  earlioHl  ro- 
Htrictiou  to  a  Liniitoan  typo). 

Hody  moderately  elongate;  biick  somewhat  arched.  Head  oblong,  with 
liioHUoiit  thick  and  pro tu Iterant;  month  almo8t  hori/ontal,  of  moderate 
si/o;  )noopcr(jnlnm  with  its  hony  mai'gin  lincdy  serrate;  lower  Jaw  with  a 
single  thickish  baibid.  Teeth  in  viiiil'orm  b;ind8,  the  ontermost  in  the 
upper  J  aw  somowhiifc  enlarged.  Anterior  dorsal  with  about  10  spines;  anal 
lin  with  2  spines,  the  second  not  very  small.  C'andal  lunate  or  trnncate. 
(; ill  rakers  normal,  but  short.  Air  bladder  well  devohtped.  This  giMius 
( ontains  a  considerable  unmber  of  species,  most  of  them  being  American. 
It  agrees  with  SHinia  in  nearly  all  respects,  excepting  the  presence  at  the 
ciiin  of  a  short,  thick  barbel.  A  similar  barbel  is  found  in  the  genus  Men- 
Inin-liiiii,  hut  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  all  European  writers  have 
confounded  Mentivbrlins  with  Umbriiin,  the  two  genera  are  not  really  very 
closely  relateil.  (iiinhrd,  shade;  the  name  umbra  was  used  for  the  typical 
species  by  early  writers,  being  ciiuivaleut  to  Sdaiia.) 

r.MItlllNA: 
((.  Dorwal  rnys  only  X-I,  25 .'  no  cross  l)and.s .'  lUiorssoNKTli,  1848. 

aa.  Uor.sal  rays  X   I,  20  to  2!);  sorrii'  of  prooiiordo  alcntlcr,  not  notably  llattuncd. 

b.  Body  with  about  9  dark  vertical  cross  bauds,   besides  narrow  iindnlatin;; 
streiiksaloug  tlio  rows  ot"  scales ;  second  anal  si>inc21  in  head ;  pectorals  1:^. 

oouoniKs,  184i». 

bb.  IJody  without  dark  cro  's  bauds,  the  rows  of  scales  above  with  distinct  uudu- 

latinu;  streaks. 

c.  Snout  bluntish,  short,  3J  in  head;   aerra-  of  iireopi'rclo  comparatively 

numerous  and  strong,  subtoroto;    body  rather  slender;    the  dark 

streaks  strongly  marked ;  tins  largely  yellow.  honcadok,  1850. 

ec.  Snout  longer  tliau  eye,  3  to  'i^  in  head  ;  prcopere.le.  distinctly  serrate. 

d.  Second  anal   spine  large,  2  in  head;   profllo  straight,  moderately 
steep ;   snout  rather  acute;'  eye  4 J  in  head;  mouth  small,  in- 
ferior, the  maxillary  reaching  middle  of  orbi*',  its  length  2^  in 
head;  dark  streaks  on  scales  strongly  marked. 
e.  Gill  cavity  pale;  scales  5-48;  second  anal  spine 2  iu  head. 

XANTI,  1851. 
ee.  Gill  cavity  dark;  scales  7-51 ;  second  anal  spine  2\  in  hi'ad. 

sinai.o.t:,  1852. 

(td.  Second  anal  spine  short  ami  thickish, !!  in  head.    Back  elevated, 

tho  anterior  iirolilo  steep  and  rat  her  convex  ;  snout  blunt,  much 

protruding;  mouth  sn)all,  horizontal;  the  maxillary  reaching 

just  i)aat  pupil,  3  in  head;  eye  5  in  head;   streaks  on  scales 

obscure.  (iAi.Ai'AaoRUM,  1853. 

'(((((.  Dor.sal  rays  X-I,  3('  to  33 ;  preopercle  with  its  edge  weakly  crenulate;  mouth  rather 

large,  subtermi    il ;   maxillary  reaching  posterior  border  of  pupil,  2^  iu  head; 

second  dorsal  spine  highest,  2  in  head;  soft  rays  high  ;  second  anal  spine  2  in 

head ;  pectorals  slightly  shorter  than  veutrals,  which  are  Ijj  iu  head ;  dark 

streaks  faint.  doksalis,  1854. 


*  "Jo  note  ici  qiui  rcspf-eo  tyi)ique  du  genre  Scireua  Art.  etant  1'  Umbriua  rirruna  CV., 
Ic  iiom  de  Sciivna  devra  etre  apjilique  aux  espcccs  dont  Cuvier  a  fait  des  Umbriua,  et  ne 
IKiiiira  i)lus  etre  employe  dans  le  si^ns  do  (Juvier.  Ni  M.  Giinther  ni  !M.  (iill,  dans  le.urs 
iravaux  sur  les  Scienoides,  puraissent  avoir  fait  attcnti(m  a  ce  ([ue  le  nom  g6niriquo(l'Ar- 

No.  47,  pt.  2 15 


r-  •>[ 


w 


1466  Bulletin  77,  Ihiitcd  States  National  Museum. 


ill 


II  ( 


mm:':  ■- 


^  'm ! 


:i-  i.i-i 


184H.  i;Mltni\A  III101ISK<»KTII,  Ciivinr  .vViilcncioniioR. 

Tliis  Hpcci»i8  i8  (lo8(Tibo(l  as  follows :  '*  Wo  find  in  the  collections  of  Hrous- 
Hoiiet  an  Umhriiia  announced  at  once  (which  is  little  probable),  as  fnnu 
the  South  Sea  and  from  Jamaica.  Its  height  is  4  times  in  its  ]»nf>;th ;  lis 
Itarbel  is  short  and  jminted;  all  its  teeth  are  in  fine  velvet;  the  lobes  Ik;- 
fore  its  n])i)er  Jaw  are  little  marked,  the  ))reopercular  denticnlatioiiN  iuc 
pronounced;  though  much  altered,  we  do  not  see  that  it  has  spots,  iind  it 
certainly  seems  a  distinct  species.  Its  dorsal  spines  are  slender;  the  sec- 
oiul  amil  is  rather  strong.  Its  ventrals  are  i  longer  than  the  pectorals. 
There  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  caudal  was  truncate.  Its  numbers  ap- 
proach those  of  the  2  preceeding  species.  D.  X-I,  25;  A.  II,  6."  (Cuvicr 
iV  Valencicnm^s;  translation.)  A  doubtful  species.  If  it  really  came  f nun 
Jamaica,  it  may  be  the  same  as  Umhrina  coroidea,  but  the  fin  rays  are  H;iirl 
to  be  fewer.  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes  counted  29  in  coroides.  The  luiinc 
broiisaonetii  has  priority  over  coroides  if  the  2  are  the  same.  (Named  for 
V.  M.  Augusto  Hronssouet,  doctor  of  medicine  at  Montpelier  in  the  last  ccii- 
tnry;  an  accurate  and  conscientious  naturalist.) 

Vmbrina  hroutsoiictii,  CuviER  &  Vai.ENCIENNKS,  Hist.  Nat.  Poies.,  v,  187,  1830.    (Tyiir,  a 
Hlieciiueu  iu  ISrou.sHunot'H  collvction  supposed  to  be  Ironi  Jamaica.) 

1849.  UJIHKIXA  ('OROIDKS,*  Ciivior  &.  Valoiuitnnes. 

Head3J;  depth  3;  eye  Hif  i"  liead.  1).  X-T,  27  or  28;  A.  II,  6  or  7;  scales 
5-48-10.  Hody  rather  stout,  the  back  somewhat  elevated;  mouth  moder- 
ate, maxillary  extending  to  middle  of  pupil;  teeth  villiform,  8iibe(|ual, 
in  br(»ad  bands;  iireoporcle  finely  denticulate  on  its  bony  edge;  barlitl 
short;  second  dorsal  spine  highest,  IJ  in  head;  jiectoral  tins  short  and 
small.  Is  in  head,  not  reaching  to  tips  of  ventrals  nor  hiilfway  to  vent; 
caudal  truncate;  second  anal  spine  thick,  2^  in  head;  gill  rakers  H-fil, 
slender  and  small.     Color  silvery,  darker  above;  body  with  about  !l  dark 


terti  est  inal  eniploy6  i»ar  Ics  autonrH  lUDilcrncs,  et  M.  Gill  citte  niAiiio  le  Scia'na  ttijuiln 
coiiniin  lo  t.vi>o  (In  jtenre."    (IJleekcr,  I.  c.) 

In  (lUotii'iK  Vmhnna  cirrosa  a»  the  type  of  Art^^li's  goniis  Scicena,  Bleekcr  iiieaus  iiicnly 
lliat  it  is  tilt)  one  placed  first  by  Arteai  iu  the  list  of  spwies. 

*  Jordan  &;  Itiitter  !i'^'«' f't)  following  desoriiition  of  speeinjens  of  Utnbrina  r.nroidcs  in 
tlieir  Fislies  of  Jamaica:  llcad^JJ;  deptbUA:  ey«  4;;  in  liead.  I). X-I, 27;  A.II.fi;  scali.s 
6-50-9.  lli^^lu'st  i)t)int  of  dorsal  outline-  at  anterior  third  of  spinous  dorsal,  tbe  anteridi- 
oullin<i more  strongly  curved.  Mouth  inferior,  Iiorixontal  or  nearly  so;  teeth  e(|niil.iii 
bands;  barl)el  short,  Idunt;  M'idtli  of  proorbital  equal  to  length  of  eye;  nostrils  cIdsc 
together,  the  posterior  oblong  more  tlian  Iwico  as  large  as  anterior,  situated  ininiediaidv 
in  front  of  e.ye;  preoperele  nnoly  and  evenly  serrate  almvo  angle:  ojierelo  with  'J  diiil 
points,  not  extending  to  edge  of  marginal  ineinbrane,  thoh)wer  somewhat  inoreacule,  luii  ii 
evenly  projecting;  tlie  lobes  and  pores  in  front  of  the  moutli  well  dovel<)ped.  recloiiils 
as  loiigas  ventrals,  I3  in  head,  inserted  under  opercular  nienibrano;  ventrals  inseittil 
l)ehind  jieetorals,  tbe  outer  ray  with  a  very  tine  tihnnent.  Third  dorsal  s)>ine  longest,  V, 
in  head;  caudal  slightly  ennirginate,  tlie  lower  angle  slightly  rounded,  upper  and  l(ini:ist 
ra.ys  1 J  in  head,  or  equal  to  liead  in  front  of  opcrcle.  Ground  color  steel  j^ray,  soniewliiii, 
silvery  (slightly  golden  in  one  specimen) ;  9  dusk.v  bars  on  side,  the  anterior  and  postcrim' 
less  distinct,  2  in  front  of  dorsal,  2  u;der  spinous  dorsal,  the  fifth  in  front  of  second  diirs;i!, 
the  last  at  end  of  dorsal;  each  row  or  scales  above  belly  with  a  dark  line,  tliese  oblii|iii 
above  lateral  lino,  irregular  below ;  tip  of  spinous  dorsal  black,  edge  of  soft  dorsal  dnsl;  \ . 
ventral  and  tip  of  caudal  faintly  dusky,  underside  of  opercle  black.  This  descriiition  is 
based  on  a  perfect  s]>eciinens  lo'inchea  long.  They  are  not  so  deep  .is  the  figure  given  iiv 
Cuvier  (1 17),  the  caudal  is  shorter,  and  there  are  2  fewer  rays  in  the  dorsal.  It  seems  bt>t 
not  to  use  the  name  Umhrina  hnmtsonetii  for  this  species,  as  the  short  account  given  by 
Ciivier  &,  Valenciennes  does  notagree  with  the  sjiecies,  and  15i 
not  have  come  i'roiu  Jamaica. 


lirouHsouet's  specimens  niiiy 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1467 

(TOSH  Itands,  beHides  nndulutin^  dark  Htroiiks  along  tlio  rows  of  scales; 
spinous  dorsal  blackish.  West  Indies;  Florida  to  Hra/il;  coninion  on 
sandy  coasts.  Hero  d<!scribod  from  2  specimens  taken  by  Dr.  .1.  A.  Hcn- 
nha!l  in  the  Indian  Kivor,  Florida,  the  only  ones  yet  recorded  from  the 
United  States.  Our  specimens  from  .Inmaica  are  rather  more  eIon;;ate  but 
me  probably  the  same,  (vuro,  a  local  name  of  Conodon  nobilis;  eidui;, 
resemblance,  from  the  dark  cross  bauds.) 

I  iiihrina  ciiroidei,  CvviKii  &,  VALK{<cmiisv.H,  IliHt.  NBt.  rolHH.,  v,  187,  1830,  Brazil;  Poey, 

lOniiinerntio,  48,  1875. 
I  iiihrina  liroiiasonuetii,  Gi'NTnEn,  ("iit.,  ii,  1277, 1800 ;  Jokdan  \  « JiLiiKnr,  Syiiopnis,  570, 188.1, 

Hpeciuieim  (loMcriliod  from  Iiidiiin  lUver,  Florida;  Juudan  \.  KiiiEXMANN,  I.  c,  422. 


1850.  UMBKIXA  UOM'ADOU.  Jordan  \.  Gilbert. 

(YELLOWKINNEU  liONCADOR;    YELLOW-TAILED  CltOAKER.) 

Ilead3|;  depth  3i ;  eye  modernte,  lA  in  snout,  5A  iu  head,  H  in  inter- 
orliitul  width.  D.  X-T,  27;  A.  II,  7;  scales  r>S.  l5ody  elliptical-elongate, 
tin'  back  somewhat  elevated,  the  curve  from  snout  to  dorsal  regular. 
Head  conical,  blnntish.  Mouth  horiztmtal,  the  maxillary  extending  to 
beyond  front  of  pu])il.  C'aiulal  lunate,  the  upper  lobe  the  longer.  Second 
;in!il  spine  strong,  2A  in  head,  a  little  shorter  than  tliird  dorsal  spine.  Pec- 
toial  short  and  small,  not  reaching  tips  of  veutrals  and  not  halfway  to 
vent,  its  length  1^  in  head.  Bright  silvery,  bluish  above,  with  brassy 
rellectious;  sides  with  narrow,  distinct,  undulating  streaks  of  deep  olive, 
niuning  from  the  head  and  pectoral  region  upward  and  backward,  with 
some  abrupt  curvatures,  to  the  base  of  the  dorsal  fin,  sometimes  alternat- 
iiijf  with  lines  of  spots;  uo  vertical  bars;  cheeks  pure  white;  lius  mostly 
yellow;  jteritoneum  black.  Length  15  inches.  Coast  of  southern  Call- 
lornla,.  Point  Conception  to  Guaymas;  rather  common  about  San  Diego 
1111(1  southward  on  shallow  sandy  shores;  a  handsome  species,  brightly  col- 
ored in  life,  and  of  soii'-j  value  as  food,  {roncador,  grunter,  the  Spanish 
iiaiiio.) 

I'liihrhia  inutiilatit,  Stkindachneu,  Ichtli.  Deitr.,  lu,  21,  1875;  not  of  CJntARD. 

I'liihritia  roncador,  JoHDAN  &  GiLBKRT,  I'roe.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1881,  277,  Pequena  Bay, 
west  coast  Lower  California  (Type,  No.  29:i71 .  ('<dl.  Lieut.  Nichols) ;  Jordan  &.  GlL- 
iiEUT,  Synopaia,  .')70,  ]88:i;  Jordan  &.  Eigenmann,  I.e.,  422, 1889. 


f! 


^''    ''M   '■    r  ■* 


1851.  UMBRIXA  XAXTI,  (Jill. 

(CoDORNIZ.) 

Head  33 ;  depth  3,'; ;  eye  li  in  head;  snout  3  to  3i.  D.  X-I,  26;  A-  II,  6; 
scales  5-48-8.  Snout  longer  than  eye;  preopercle  distinctly  serrate;  pro- 
lllo  straight,  moderately  steep;  snout  rather  acute;  mouth  small,  inferior, 
the  maxillary  nearly  reaching  middle  of  orbit,  its  length  2i  in  head;  teeth 
sul)C(|ual ;  gill  rakers  scarcely  developed,  4  +  9;  third  dorsal  spine  highest, 
l;i  in  head;  anterior  dorsal  rays  much  longer  than  posterior  ones;  anal  lin 
pointed,  the  second  soft  ray  longest,  the  second  spine  very  strong,  2  in 
head;  ventrals  slightly  longer  than  pectorals,  1^  in  head;  lateral  line 
moderately  arched  anteriorly.    Color  bluish,  silvery  below;  conspicuous 


rvw.^'f.- 


1468  liullctin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

dark  lines  followinjuf  the  rows  of  scalos,  those  below  lateral  lineobliqno  nis 
W(;I1  UH  those  above;  Hpiuoiis  dorsal  duHky;  caudal,  anal,  and  ventrals 
bright  yellow;  oporcles  dark  within.  Pacilic  coast  of  tropical  Aiiiorica, 
('ape  Man  Lucas  to  Panama;  a  very  coinnion  and  well-known  footl-liHli; 
taken  by  Dr.  Gilbert,  at  Ma/atlan,  Punta  Arenas,  and  Panama.  (Nannd 
for  John  XantuH  de  Vasey.) 
Vmhrina  xant\yK\\\,\.,  I'lor.  Ac.  Niit.  Scl.  I'liilii.  lH(i2,  2M,  Cape  San  Lucas  ((Joll.  Ximtuxi ; 

JoKDAN   &,  KlUKNMANN,  i.e.,   VIW,   1H8U;   KVKUMANN   iV.  JH.NKINH,  I'lOC.    I'.   S.   Nat.  Mils. 
1801,  150. 
llmbnna  anatiA,  Ui^NTUKK,  FiHiiim  ( UMitnil  Ameriua.  :i87  and  4'Jtt,  18GU,  Panama. 

IH02.  i;Mltltl>A  NI.\ALO.K,  Scollold. 

Head  3|'-|, ;  deptli  3';  eye  3J;  snout  3^;  interorbital  space  4J;  tip  of 
snout  to  end  of  maxillary  2.J.  D,  X-I,  U8;  A.  II,  (>;  scales  7-51-10  (.sciibs 
7  between  front  of  dor.nal  and  lateral  line,  10  between  line  and  vent;  'A 
pores  in  lateral  line  to  base  of  caudal).  Peiitoral  1'!  in  head;  ventral  1^ ; 
second  anal  spine  2j;  third  dorsal  spines  longest,  \\  in  head;  gill  rakers 
(5  +  9,  rather  slender,  about  \  as  long  as  pupil ;  distance  from  snout  to  aiml 
\\  in  length  (»f  body  (H  in  jraiili);  barbel  slender;  caudal  slightly  luiinte, 
the  ui)]ier  lobe  the  longer.  Color  dark  above,  greenish  in  life,  silvery 
below;  a  dark  blotch  on  opercle;  eon8j)ieu()U8  dark-(dive  stripes  folhiw 
the  center  of  the  scale  rows  upward  and  backward  on  the  sides  and  back, 
stripes  about  i  as  wide  as  pupil;  spinous  dorsal  dusky;  ventrals  and 
anal  pale,  without  punctulations;  lining  of  gill  cavity  quite  dark;  gill 
membranes  of  opercle  pale;  peritoneum  i)ale.  Resembles  I',  xatiti  very 
closely;  but  is  distinguished  by  the  dark  gill  cavity,  the  small  scalcH, 
small  second  anal  spine,  and  more  anterior  position  of  anal.  The  stripes 
on  the  body  are  slightly  darker,  not  so  xindulating,  .nnd  there  are  a  lew 
more  of  them,  due  to  the  smaller  and  more  regular  scales.  Length  s 
inches.  Mazatlan,  Mexico.  Several  specimens  obtained  in  company  with 
U.  xanti,  and  equally  abundant. 

Vmhrinn  .linaloa;  ScoKiEi.i),  rroc.  (Jal.  Ac.  Stu.  IBUO,  22(1,  pi.  25,  Mazatlan.     (Coll.  Ifop- 
kinH  Exp.  to  Siualoa.    Typo,  No.  1032,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mils.) 

1K5».  IJMBKINA  <JALAl>A»<>UI  M,  Stcinilm  liner. 

Head  3:!  to  3J;  de]>th  3!  to  3,^;  eye  5  in  head;  snout  longer  than  eye, 3  to 
3.^  in  head.  1).  X-1,  28  or  29;  A.  II,  (5;  scales  HO  to  53.  Second  anal  spine 
short  and  thickisli,  3  in  head.  IJack  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  steep 
and  rather  convex;  snout  blunt,  much  protruding;  mouth  small, horizon- 
tal, the  maxillary  reaching  just  past  pupil,  3  in  head;  preoperclc  linely 
and  sharply  serrate;  gill  rakers  very  small;  pectoral  short,  1^  in  head; 
longest  dor.sal  si)ine  2 ;  caudal  fin  slightly  lunate,  the  upjier  lobe  the  longer ; 
scales  above  lateral  line  in  very  obli(iue  series,  in  oblique  series  below 
lateral  line  anteriorly.  Color,  grayish,  yellow  below;  faint  dark  lines 
along  the  scales  on  theupper  half  of  the  body,  golden  lines  on  scales  below; 
dorsals  finely  ]>unctulate;  tins  pale;  gill  cavity  pale  within.  (Jalapagos 
Archipelago.     Here  described  from  1  of  Dr.  Steindachuer's  original  tyi)e,s. 

TJmbrina   galapagorum,    Steinoachner,    Ichtli.   IJeitr.,    vn,   20,    1878,    James    Island, 
Galapagos;  JuiiDAN  &.  Eiqenmann,  I.  c,  423,  1889. 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmann. — FisJics  of  North  America.     14fi9 


tNri4.  IMItltlNA  ItOKNAUN,  nill. 

Hoad  Hi ;  depth  M,  D.  X-I,  29  to  \\\.  A.  II,  7;  orbit  H  in  head;  suout 
\v\\  iiiiixillary  2! ;  bighcHt  dorHiil  8[»iiio  Ijj;  himoihI  ansil  spine  2*;  caudal 
I'm  \\\  poctorals  1;« ;  ventruls  1^.  Hody  moderately  (dongate;  back  Houie- 
wliat  arcbed;  inofile  evenly  convex  from  Hnout  to  dorsal  tin;  ventral  oiit- 
ii;io  curved,  tbe  base  of  the  anal  tin  but  littler  more  obli(|iie  than  the 
ndieral  ventral  contour;  caudal  jjcduncle  at  the  narrowest  place  iil)ont  2^ 
ill  liead.  Mouth  oblique,  rather  large,  lower  Jaw  included;  snout  pro- 
jecting a  little  beyond  premaxilliiries;  nuixillary  reaching  vertical  from 
tlie  posterior  border  of  j)upil;  teeth  in  villiform  bands,  those  of  outer  row 
in  iipiier  Jaw  enlarged,  stronger  in  front;  intcrorbital  space  convex,  about 
I  in  head;  preorbital  a  little  narrower  than  width  of  orbit;  anterior  nos- 
tril witli  a  raised  nuirgin,  tbe  ]»08terior  part  of  whicb  forms  a  low  tlap; 
iiiitorior  and  posterior  margins  of  tbe  other  nostril  with  similar  tiaps; 
Imrbel  of  lower  Jaw  thick,  blunt;  edge  of  j)reoperclo  finely  serrate;  gill 
niiicrs  short,  5-f-y  or  10.  Lateral  line  becoming  straight  at  a  point  dorsal 
to  tbe  posterior  part  of  tbe  base  of  anal  (in;  scales  in  lateral  line  53;  in  the 
series  from  Literal  line  to  lir^t  dorsal  spine,  9;  to  vent,  14  or  15.  Dorsal 
Hpines  moderately  strop (^,  the  third  biglicst;  first  dorsal  rays  highest,  tbe 
others  gradually  becoming  lower,  tbe  last  less  than  \  the  height  of  lirst; 
second  anal  spine  very  strotig,  not  reaching  tips  of  last  rays  of  dejtressed 
I'm;  upper  lobe  of  caudal  ])roduee(l,  acute,  the  lower  lobe  rounded;  ven- 
tr.ils  slightly  hlil'orm  at.  the  tips.  Color  bluish,  silvery  below,  dark  streaks 
alciig  the  rows  of  scales;  dorsals  rather  dusky,  growing  darker  on  edges; 
lower  lins  creamy  reddish.  Pacific  coast.  Cape  San  Lucas  to  Panama ; 
laie;  recorded  from  Cape  San  Lucas,  Mazatlan,  and  Panama.  ller«i 
described  from  2  large  specimens  (2(10  an<l  ;W5  mm.  long),  taken  by  Dr. 
(Jilbert  at  Panama.  The  original  ty]»e8,  from  Cape  San  Lucas,  are  but  4 
inches  long,  (ilorsalia,  pertaining  to  the  back,  from  the  many  dorsal 
rays.) 

t  iiihrhia  dortaUs,  Giix,  Proc.  Ac.  N.at.  Sci.  Pliila.  1802,  2.'i7.  Cape  San  Lucas;  very  yonn^ ; 
(Coll.  Xiuitus);  .Idrdav  \-  (in.liKKT,  I'roc.  U.  .S.  Xiit.  Mils.  1882,  :!(i:t;  .Ioukan  \:  (ill,- 
liKllT,  liiill.  U.  S.  l'"isli  (Joiniii.  1882,  107;  JoUDAN  kfc  KlOKNMANX,  I.  c,  42;t,  1889. 


^'  I 


591.  MENTICIRRHUS,  (iill. 

(KiNGi'isn.) 

Mnitieirrhus,  Gn.i,,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1801,  80  (nlhiirnm). 
fCirrimen.i,  Oii.L,  Proc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  Pliila.  1802, 17  {iipfnitei'iihaliig). 
I'liibnila,  Jordan  \-  ICioknmann,  Ucvicw  Sciiciiidic,  424,  1889  (littoralin). 

iiody  comparatively  elongate,  little  compressed;  bead  long,  subconic, 
tlie  blmitish  snout  considerably  projecting  beyond  the  mouth;  month 
small,  horizontal,  both  jaws  with  liands  of  villiform  teeth,  the  outer  teeth 
in  tbe  ujiper  Jaw  more  or  less  enlarged;  chin  with  a  single  stoutish  bar- 
hel;  preoperele  with  its  nienibranaccous  edge  serrulate;  gill  rakers  short 
and  tubercular  or  obsidete;  dorsal  spines  high,  slender,  10  or  11  in  number 
(K)  in  f  "irrimenH) ;  second  dorsal  long  and  low;  caudal  fin  with  the  lower 
angle  rounded,  tbe  upper  sharp;  anal  tin  with  a  single  weak  spine;  no  air 


i; 


■I 


1470  liulletin  4.J,  I7uifed  States  Natiojial  Ahiscinti. 

bladder,  l.owor  phnrynjjeiils  Boparate,  the  toeth  vaiyiiiff  from  sharp  tD 
very  ol)tu8<>.  This  jjdiiuh  is  ono  of  tlie  most  Htroii>i;ly  marked  in  the  fsimilv . 
It  bus  been  cimfoiinded  by  all  Kiiropeiin  writers  witli  I'mhrina,  with  whirli 
it  has  not  very  much  in  eommon  except  the  presence  of  the  barbel  at  tlir 
chin.  All  the  species  are  American,  and  all  bottom  fislies.  'i'he  low, 
elonpite  body,  the  larjje  pectorals,  and  tlie  obsolete  air  bladder  are  all 
characters  related  to  tliis  peculiarity  of  habit.  Tlie  jjeniis  «»r  snbjj;enn.s 
CirrimcHR  (ophiorephalus)  from  Chile  ditl'ers  in  tlie  larger  nnmber  ( lit)  of 
dorsal  spines  {mcntum,  chin;  cirrhm,  barbel). 

MENTIClHUHrS; 

a.  DorHiiI  spines  usually  11 ;  lionil  not  terete,  depressed,  with  low  snout. 

h.  Gill  rakers  obsolete,  rodueed  to  tulKTcular  prontiiieiieeM,  covered  with  todli 
similar  to  t)io.se  un  the  other  gill  arches,  more  developed  in  the  young:  lower 
pharyngeals  narrow;  the  teeth  villiCoriii  or  cardil'orni,  allot'  them  acute  or 
coui(^nl,  none  with  rounded  heads  (molar) ;  teeth  in  tlie  outer  series  of  up]i('i' 
,|aw  more  or  htss  enlarged ;  scales  on  breast  large. 
c.  Soft  dorsal  rather  short,  its  rays  I,  18  to  I,  22;  snout  prominent. 

d.  Snout  very  prominent,  y.J  in  head,  its  tij)  pro.jectiiig  beyond  the  jut- 
maxillaries  for  a  distance  about  ^  diameter  of  eye;  spinous  diir- 
sal  elevated,  its  longest  spines  1\  in  head,  reaching  beyond  front  ni' 
soft  dorsal;  eye  large,  but  much  smaller  than  in  M.  naiiis,  5.^  in 
head;  pectorals  IJ  in  head.  himuh,  W>'i. 

dd.  Snout  less  ]>roininent,  about  4  in  head,  its  tip  not  recurved. 

('.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,  22,  the  spines  rather  high;  eye  very  large,  4.i  in 
head,  snout  much  pro.jectiug;  ]iectoral  1^  in  head. 

NASf.S,  IS'.O. 

ee.  Dorsal  r.iys  X-I,  19  or  20;  dorsal  spines  lower,  the  longest  bardv 
reaching  soft  dorsal. 
/.  Snout  rather  short  and  blunt,  HJ  in  head,  projecting  beyoml 
premaxillaries  nearl.v  i  a  diameter  of  the  eye;  eye 
small,  7  in  head;  maxillary  reaching  to  posterior  martiin 
of  ]iupil,  'i  in  head;  outer  teeth  of  upper  ,jaw  iiiuili 
nnlai'ged;  ])ectoral  long,  I4  in  iiead;  ventral  2},  in  heiid: 
longest  dorsal  spine  as  long  as  ]ieetural;  U])per  IoIih  ol 
caudal  acute,  lower  lobe  rounded,  brownish  above, 
lighter  below;  lower  llns  with  considerable  bhick. 

I'ANAME.VSIS,  \H:u. 

ec.  Soft  dorsal  longer,  its  rtiys  T,  23  to  I,  23. 

.'/.  Mouth  comparatively  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  to  below  mid<lle  oi' 

eye,  2J  to  '.i\  in  head;  teeth  on  lower  pharyngeals  acute;  back  anil 

sides  usually  with  oblique  dusky  bars ;  lower  lobe  of  caudal  tlie 

longer. 

h.  Outer  teeth  of  upper  ,jaw  decidedly  enlarged ;  dorsal  spines  not 

much  elevated,  the  longest  usually  not  reaching  front  of  soft 

dorsal,  IJ  to  Ij  in  head.    Coloration,  grayish  silvery,  the  dark 

markings  not  pronounced  and  often  obsolete. 

i.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,  22  or  23;   snout  rather  shorter  and  Icfis 

pointed  than  in  M.  aiiierieauii.1,  3}  in  head ;  mouth  smalliT, 

the  maxillary  3  in  head.    Coloration  usually  plain,  soiiir 

times  ver.v  dark,  otherwi.se  as  in  Menticirrhiis  a  mevican  us. 

MAUTINICEN.SIS,  IS.'iS. 

a.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,  24  or  25;  snout  longer,  3i  in  head;  miixil 
lary  reaching  nearly  to  middle  of  eye,  2},  to  3  in  head ; 
eye  small,  2  in  snout;  teeth  villiforni,  in  broad  bunds. 
the  outer  series  of  the  upper  .jaw  very  much  enlarged, 
larger  than  in  the  other  species;  veatrala  short,  IJ  iu 


&\:ii:: 


Jordan  aud  F.vcrmann. — Fishes  of  Norlh  America,      1471 


pnctornlN;  jifictornlH  IJ  In  lionil ;  raiidnl /-Hhapoil,  tlio 
broad  roiiiultMl  lower  lolxt  lonticr  tliiiii  tlio  iiciito  iippfr; 
Houh'H  all  cItMioiil,  tlumiv  of  tlin  hroant  lart;t'r  anil  ri>;{U- 
lurly  placiiil.  Color grayinli  silvery,  with  ol)HCur«  darker 
cloudrt  along  tlio  l>a(^k  and  nidos,  tlioMO  ninrkH  tortnint; 
duMky  barst,  riinniiiK  olditnudy  forward  and  downward  to 
<'onHldi*raldy  below  Ww  lateral  line,  Wwm-i  ot'ien  olmolete; 
tho  bar  at  the  napo  aaddlo  like;  lining  of  gill  cavity 
iluMky;  pectoral  yellowinh,  dimky  at  tip;  an  obseiiro 
dnnkyntreak  along  the  lower  parts  of  nides  niiiniug  into 
lower  l(d)e  of  candal.  amkukani's,  1859. 

hh.  Outer  teeth  of  u|iperjaw  lesH  enlarged ;  ftpinons  dorsal  elevated, 
the  longest  Hpini*  reaching  paitt  front  of  Hoft  dorHal,  itti  length 
1^  in  head;  (Miloration  strongly  marked,  body  scarcely  sil- 
very; eyes  snuiU,  2\  in  snout,  2  in  interorltital  area,  about  7 
in  head;  snout  long,  bluntish,  \\\,  in  head;  mouth  largti;  max- 
illary reaching  middle  of  eye,  21  in  head;  )iectorals  If  iu 
head.  Colordnsky  gray  above,  sometimes  blackish,  the  back 
and  sides  with  distinct  dark  obliiino  cross  bands  running 
downward  and  forward,  the  anterior  1  at  tho  nape  extend- 
ing downward,  meeting  tho  second  and  thus  forming  a, 
V-shaped  blotch  on  eacti  side;  a  dark  lateral  streak  bound- 
ing the  pale  color  of  tho  belly,  most  distinct  posteriorly,  and 
extending  on  lower  lobe  of  caudal;  inside  of  gill  cavity 
scarcely  dusky ;  pectorals  dark.  saxatims,  1800. 

gg.  Mouth  smaller,  tho  maxillary  reaching  scarcely  to  front  of  eyu, 
3^  in  head;  teeth  on  lower  pharyngeals  bluntish;  coloration 
grayish,  with  dark  streaks  along  tho  rows  of  scales.  Snimt  long, 
little  ]irojectinfi,  3^  in  head;  eye  small,  7  in  bead,  2^  in  snout,  \\ 
in  interorbital  area;  outer  teeth  in  upiier.jaw  moderately  enlarged  ; 
lower  pharyngeals  a  little  broader  than  in  yi.  amerieanttti,  the 
teeth  coarser,  and  many  of  them  bluntish,  none  of  them  really 
molar;  iicctorals  1^  in  head;  scales  all  ctenoid.  Ccdor  sooty  gray- 
ish, with  bright  rettections ;  tho  back,  all  the  tins,  and  under  side 
of  head  dusky  ;  undulating  lines  ahmg  sid(>s  running  upward  and 
backward,  made  of  dark  jmnts  in  center  of  each  scale ;  back  often 
with  very  faint  dark  cross  bars;  edge  of  opercle  dusky;  lining  of 
gill  cavity  slightly  dusky.  unpulatus,  1861. 

r.Miiitt'LA  {umbra,  shade) : 
hh.  dill  rakers  present,  very  short  and  rather  slender;  lower  pliarjiigcals  rather  broad; 
S(une  or  most  of  tho  teeth  molar,  that  is,  enlarged,  with   thickened  rounded 
heads,  tho  nudar  teeth  covering  at  least  tho  anterior  portion  of  tho  bone;  teeth 
in  the  outer  series  of  upper  jaw  scarcely  larger  than  tho  others  :  scales  on  breast 
small. 
j.  Upper  lobe  of  candal  longer  than  lower;  scales  rather  small,  abont  25  in  an 
oblique  series  from  vent  forward  to  lateral  line;  axillary  scale  J  length  of 
pectoral;   snont  very  little  projecting;  gill  rakers  very  short,  3  +  !J,  the 
longest  about  i  diameter  of  pupil;  lower  pharyngeal  bones  narrower  than 
in  littomUii;  body  more  elongate  than  in  other  species ;  eye  small,  7  in  head ; 
,    snout  long.  3  in  hciid ;  mouth  small,  the  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  front  of 
eye;  anterior  soft  rays  of  dorsal  almost  twice  as  long  as  the  posterior  ones. 
Color  bluish  on  sides  and  back,  silvery  below,  without  stripes  or  bands. 

EL0N(iATU8,  1862. 

jj.  Upper  lobe  of  caudal  not  longer  than  lower;  scales  rather  large,  15  to  18  in  an 
oblique  series  from  vent  npward  and  forward  to  lateral  line;  axillary  scale 
not  J  length  of  pectcn-al;  snout  distinctly  projecting  beyond  month,  3J  in 
head;  gill  rakers  larger  than  in  other  species,  the  longest  about  i  length  of 


f  ■'■,' 


y-si 


1 J72  Ih(lk(in  ./7.  Vnitid  S/a/rs  Naiicniaf  ^rnsn^^n. 


]iii|ill,  tlio  iiiinilxT  X  i  1 ;  lowiT  t)lmrvii;.'('al  Ihiiiih  liroitil  Coliir  Milvi>r\ 
^niy  iklxivit,  V  illi  IiIiiImIi  uihI  hroii/.o  rxllrt'liiiiiH,  iiiiiiiiiciiliit)':  ii  iliirk  Iit'iii/c 
MliiKir  uloii);  iililt'M  oil  li'Vt'l  of  |ii'<'(<>r'aU,  cxli'tiiliiii;  In  tjill  iiihI  ailing;  i'IiitUh 
liitllv  lidlow  UiIh  iiliniplly  wliilr;  dornalH  liulit  Inowii,  ii|iiiiiiiiH  tlorMiil  blurk 
III  lip,  tlio  liaHi<  imrniwly  uliitii;  cuiiilal  pali',  lltt  lip  iiHiially  Mack;  Iiiikt 
liiiiii;;  of  ]i('('t(iriil  ami  \fnlnilM  lilackiHli;  ^\\\  ruvily  pali*.  i.ri'ToiiAi.iH,  ixi;:;. 

IS.'i.'i.  MKMinitltlMIS  SINI'S,  .lorditii  \  KlKi'iinianii. 

llua«i:tA;  depth  I;  oyo  5^  iiiliuiiii;  Hiioiit  :t.!.  1).  \-I,22;  A.  I,S:  himIi^ 
fi-HL'-lO,  Hudy  robust;  back  HOinrwImt  (u>iii)ir<>sM(Ml  anil  ri'Kiibirly  larhcil; 
di^ptb  iibuiit  unit'orin  botwecn  tbo  liiHt  dorsal  Npiiiit  iiiid  tlH«  lirHt  Hot't  r.iy ; 
ciiiubil  piHlnncle  rathi-r  lioavy;  diHtanco  iVoin  biHt  dorHal  ray  to  bi>^iniiiiiL; 
of  iniddlc  caudal  ray  Hli<;]itly  iiioro  than  2  in  head.  Iluad  Hubconiciil; 
]iroiilc  Htccj),  Hli;;htly  doprossod  over  the  poHtorior  jtarl  of  cyoH;  hiioiiI 
abruptly  1>liiiited,  tiiriiod  up  anteriorly,  Nii<j:KeNtin}{  tlio  form  of  nnont  in 
tbu  HoriM'iit  llilerodon;  r>  lar^o  inciHioiiH  in  tlie  nppiM'  lip,  K  largo  oval  and 
3  HHiall  round  jtores  above  thorn,  aH  in  other  H))ocieHof  Meiiticirrlnin;  uiontli 
liori/.ontal,  inferior,  the  Huont  extnidiiifj  i  of  its  lenjjth  boyond  tlie  jire- 
niaxillary;  nuixillary  oxtondiiifj;  past  middle  of  eye,  slij^hlly  more  than  II 
in  head.  Tot^th  in  lower  Jaw  villiforni  in  rather  broad  bandH;  njiper  Jaw 
with  a  banil  of  small  teeth  and  an  outer  Hories  of  etdar>{ed  ouch;  largest  t  eel  h 
of  the  oiitersorieu  Hliglitly  longer  than  the  anterior  nostril ;  ))reopercle  with 
fine  widely  placed  teeth  on  its  membranous  border;  gill  rakers  obsolete; 
pseudobranchiie  very  large;  lower  pharyngeal  teeth  villiforni,  those  of 
the  inner  series  niiiidi  enlarged;  first  dorsal  beginning  behind  base  ot' 
poct(tral,  the  (irst  spine  minute,  tb'-  socoiid  spine  highest,  reaching  in 
third  dorsal  ray,  1.^  in  head;  postei,  r  margin  of  spinous  dorsal  deeply 
concave;  dorsal  soft  rays  low,  8ube(|ual ;  caudal  une(|ually  lunate,  the 
upper  lobe  much  the  longer,  1\  in  bead;  anal  inserted  under  lifth  dorsal 
ray,  its  spine  weak,  5  in  head;  the  anterior  anal  rays  much  the  longer, 
but  not  extending  to  tip  of  last  rays;  ventruls  l-!  in  per'torals;  pectorals 
1,'  in  head.  .Scale*,  large,  all  strongly  ctenoid,  those  in  the  lateral  line 
and  those  above  it  more  or  less  covered  with  smaller  ones;  soft  dorsal 
with  a  very  narrow  scaly  sliealh;  bases  of  pectorals  and  caudal  densely 
scaly,  the  rest  of  the  tins  naked.  Color  grayish  above,  lighter  below; 
lower  parts  of  sides  with  numerous  dark  points;  faint  lines  following  the 
rows  of  scales  above;  spinous  dorsal  dusky,  anal  with  dark  specks;  axil 
and  inner  margin  of  pectoral  dusky;  other  tins  ]»lain;  lining  of  gill  cavity 
dusky.  This  species  seems  to  dilfer  from  McntUirrhns  uanns  in  the  si/e  of 
the  eye,  the  size  of  the  teeth,  and  the  size  and  shape  of  the  snout.  Dr.  .lord  nn 
has  examined  the  type  of  M.  nasuH  and  veritied  the  description  of  (iiinther. 
The  large  size  of  the  eye  in  ^f.  Hrt.ti/«  is  not  duo  to  the  immaturity  of  the 
typical  oxampl(^  P.icilic  coast  of  tropical  America;  M.izatlaii  to  I'anama, 
rather  common  in  the  surf.  Here  described  from  the  type,  (siiniis,  jmg- 
nosed.) 

Menticirrlnis  nasu.i,  Joiidan    .t    (Jiliiep.t,  Hull.  V.  S.  Fisli  Coriiin.  1S82,  107  and  111;  imt 

Uinhriiia  ikihus,  IJCntiikb. 
Menticirrliun  sim  iis,  .fonDAN  \  Kkjknmann,  Kcvic w  Si'ia-iiida-,  427, 1«8'J,  Mazatlan.    ('ryjn', 

NO.2S202.    Coll.  Gilbert.) 


Head 
live  v  eij 
I'ljlial   t| 
ii  iieliinl 
/  >hap<'i| 
lihieki»l| 
Npecime 
III  Miiili\ 
nosed. ; 

I  mill  inn  H 

1'n.r. 
Ml  iilifiniM 


ileadli 
ni;i\illar 
2 . ;  peeli 
the  oiitli 
latter  l>oi 
outline  n 
ical;    mo 
|ii)sterior 
tliiise  of 
iii;i\illari<'| 
Iniid ;  prei 
tiilienulai 
latei'iil  liiii 
til  vent  17 
rays  higlu 
weak,  I  an 
tiian  the  r 
above,  ligl 
liniwnish 
and  Cauda 
Mark.      I'i 
(iiiiinion  a 

I'ltihriiinpa 

iliiilii'irilnii 

Kioenm; 

1 


Head  3^ 
()-."i2  to  .'').")- 
iiig  to  bell 


'  SIdliidac 
(li<r  I'aiidalc 
till'  iliirsal  h 
linn.    Tlie  t 


Jordan  and  /Cviiniann. — /'"ishcs  of  Xortli  .h/frn'ra.     147.'l 


isAn.  MKXTiriKiiiUM  ^A^i^S((:itlltll•-r). 

ll.'iulMi;  .loplli  I;  oy.«  M  in  linul.  D.X-I.'J'J;  A.I.H;  hciiIoh  0-51-11. 
|',\c\««rv  liirijf;  Miioiit  itrojiM-tiii;;  hoyoiid  lower  jjiw  lor  a  dlHtuiwn  about 
I  i|iinl  to  ^  Mio  (liiUMcttir  of  tlio  )>y*>;  nioiitli  hiiiiiII,  iiiforior,  tlu' inaxilliiry 
i>  lU'iiiiiK  to  Ix'low  itiiihllo  ol'oyo, ;{  in  li<>a*l ;  ]to('toral  1,^  in  htMiil,  ruudal  (In 
/'nIiiiImiI,  till'  n|i|MT  lolm  |)oiiittMl,  tlir  lowrr  roiiiHli'tl.  Color,  Hi!  very  ;  lins 
|il;irl<isli.  I'ananiii;  rari'.  Ilfri'  ilt>N<;i-ilM>d  from  tiir  ty|M>  and  Iroin  a  HMiall 
H|)i'cinuMi,  tlio  H4M'on<l  Iviiown,  talion  liy  Dr.  (iillM<rt  at  I'ainuna.  It  Ih  cIoho 
Id  McnlirirrlniH  itimiiH,  but  thn  oyo  [h  lar^rr,  tlie  Niioiit  lon^'er.  (/((imhm,  Ioiik- 
iiost'd. ) 

t  iiihriiiit  iiiiiiin,  <il^NTNKU,  KIhIioh  (Vntriil  Aiiioricu,  :iH7  niitl  420,  ItidU,  Panama;  JoiuiAN, 
I'nx'.  Ac  Nut.  Si'l.  I'lillii,  IHn:;,  '.'Hi). 

il,  Hiidnhut  /lrt.«»*,.I<lin)AX  iV    KlllKNMANN.  I.  (!.,  4211,  I8H0. 

IN.'ti.  MKNTinitKlirS   I'ANANKNSIK  (SUiiiiiliirlitiAr). 

iioaii:U;  doptli  I.  I>.  X-I,  lit  t<»  *J1 ;  A.  I,  {>;  orbit  7  in  lu'iul;  hiiouI  U:^ ; 
iiiiiNiiiary  :i| ;  liighcst  tlorNiil  N),in<-  It;  anal  H|>in<>r>;  cuuilal  1;^;  ventraJH 
2;  poctoralB  1^.  IJody  (donj;at«v  not  nunh  coniprcHHt'd;  buck  fll<n'at«'d, 
till'  outlino  Itut  littli'  rurvid  fioni  Huont  to  llfHt  ilorHal  Hpiiu);  from  the 
l.itler  ]U)int  it  desctondH  in  ii  HtraiK:lit  lino  to  the  caudal  podumlt);  vuntrul 
iiiillint)  routidod;  eaudal  ))ednnelo  Wl,  in  head,  lload  lon^,  Homowhat  <'on- 
ictil;  month  a  little  oblii|n<^;  maxillary  (txtendiu);  to  the  vi'rtical  I'rom 
|Misteriiir  part  of  pupil,  W  in  head  ;  ontor  toeth  of  upper  \\x\\  mueh  onlar);*^! ; 
tlidse  of  lower  Jaw  Hube(|nal;  hiioiiI  blunt,  projectinj,'  beyond  th«  j>r«- 
iiKi\illarieH  iiuarly  \  thu  diameter  of  oyo;  iuterorbital  H|»aeu  llattiHh  '1:{  in 
JHiid;  jtreorbital  7  in  head;  barlud  narrow,  with  a  ecuiieal  bas«?;  gill  rakern 
liilienular.  Shape  (»f  lateral  lino  like  that  of  dornal  contour;  HcaleH  in 
lull  rill  line  50  or  .")!,  in  the  Heries  from  lateral  lino  to  first  dorsal  spine  ><, 
li>  vent  17  or  IS.  IMrut  dorsal  spine  minute,  the  third  lon^cHt;  lirst  dorsal 
liiys  lii;j;liest,  the  liii  beeo niuj^  ;;radually  lower  |>osteriorly ;  anal  spine 
wiak,  ',  as  long  as  the  rays;  iijiper  lobe  of  caudal  acute,  a  little  Khorter 
tliMii  the  rounded  low«!r  bdte;  pectorals  larjje  and  strong.  ('«)lor  hrownish 
iiliove,  lighter  below,  the  lower  parts  more  or  less  thickly  sjieckled  with 
liKiwnish  dots,  these  disappearing  almost  entirely  on  the  breast;  dorsal 
iiiid  caudal  lins  dusky,  with  darker  margins;  lower  tins  with  considerable 
li!;i(k.  i'acilic  coast  of  tropical  America,  Ma/atlan  to  ranama;  rather 
coiiiiiion  at  I'anama. 

I  i.ilirinapavamcnuu,'  Stkinuaciineii,  Iclitli.  JJritr.,  iv,  it,  ISTrj.  Panama. 
ihiilirirrliiit  /laiunnniiiii,  .louoAN  A  (ilMiKUT,  Jiull.  I'.  S.  Fisli  ("oin.  IHH'J,  107;  •Iukdax  A 
I'llOENMANN,  I.  C,  4'J9,  l«8n. 

IS5H.  MKNTK  IKKIirS  MAKTINH'KXSIS  (('iivi.  i  \  Viil.  n.  liniuH). 
(.iKWSIIAKl-  Duimmkh.) 

Head  3^ ;  dejith  ti ;  snout  3i  in  head,  D.  X-I,  22  to  24  ;  A.  T,  7;  scales 
tl-.")!'  to  r).">-l<),  54  jiores.  Mouth  comparatively  large,  the  maxillary  reuch- 
iii!,'  to  below  middle  of  eye,  2^^  to  3^  in  bead;  teeth  on  lower  pharyngeals 

Sltfinilachmjr's  reiimrk,  "Dio  Iliilio  iles  liincHton  .'!.  Dorsalntaelicls  K'ca'l't  «li'r  Liinpt) 
(Icr  C'iiiiImIc  odcr  (lor  I'cctoiali',"  i.s  Car  fridii  coiicct  in  adult  Hpeciiiiniis.  Tlie  vouhk  'lavo 
tlir  liiPiMal  lii{{lifr  anil  tlir  pcrtnriils  sliorlcr,  Itiit  ajin-i'  ollirrwisp  fairly  with  nis  duscrip- 
liiiii.    The  cdloratioii  is  much  ilarkor  tiiaii  Htntnd  uv  liini. 


T 


1474  liiil/tiin  .fj,  I 'nititi  Stales  A\ilional  Must'Htn, 


V 

;■ 
-i 
:< 


nniitn;  uiit(«r  ttM-tli  of  iippor  Jaw  <l«ciilt><lly  fliiliir)(A<l.  Dnrnal  ■piiit^H  ii.>t 
iiiiifli  «>lovut<<il,  Mio  liiiiir«)Ht  iiMiiKlly  not  rnai-hiiiK  front  of  Hoft  ilorHivl,  |i 
to  l|i  ill  hmtd.  Lownr  IoImi  of  raiiiltil  loii^cHt.  Snout  ratlu'i- Hlioitcr  ainl 
leMH  potiittMl  tliiiii  ill  .)/.  (tmiririiHiio;  iiioiitli  Hiiiullvr,  tlio  niaxilliir.v  :(  in 
Id'uiI.  ('oloratioii  iiHiiiilly  plain,  Noiii«tiiii<tH  vny  tiark;  )uii-k  aixl  Niilrn 
iiHiially  wifli  olilii|iio  (limky  liarn.  W'ost  InilifH  to  l'atii);oiiiu;  viiry  rom- 
iiion  on  tlio  rouHt  of  Kra/.il,  wlirii'  it  ri'placoN  tlu^  cloHi-ly  n-latod  M.  ami  it 
runitH,  from  which  it  is  not  wull  Mcparatcd.  (hir  HpoiriinoUH  aro  fmni 
.lainaira.     (Nanwd  for  Martinii|iio,  tlio  t,v])»  locality.) 

I'tnhiiiia  m(irliniefiiitiM,C\\lKU\   Vai.knciknnks,  lllsl.    Nnl.    I'oUm.,  v,    180,  IKlo.    M.ii 

tinlque;  iWtMiiKU,  ('»(..  ii,  U77,  IMUI;  .Iuudan,  i'mc.  I'.S.  Nat.  Miih.  IhHII,  5:iu. 
I'mhrina  i/iilii(l«.  CCVIKU  iV    \' AI.RM  IKNNKH,   IliMt.  Nut.   riiiHH,  V,   IHO,  1831),  Brazil;  (ilN 

TIIKK,  Cut.,  II, '.77,  I8tX»;  JttiiOAN,  iVoc.  l' .  S.  Nut.  MiiH.  IHHfl,  .'.no. 
Iiiilirina  tiiiniita,   <:i'ViEit\    Vai.KNCIKNNKH,    IIInI.    Nut.    I'uIhh.,    v,    lUU,    I8:i(),   Brazil; 

(il'NTIIi:!!,  ('ut.,u.'27tl,  I8UU. 
I'mbrinii  jitnuiiriii,  Si'KiNiiAcltNBK,  Ichtli.  It*>itr.,  V,  11!'J,  187(1,  Rio  Janeiro. 
Mtntieiniiim  tiinilinifn»ii,'  •Johdan  A    Kiok.n.mann,  I.  e.,  4'Jtl,   1880;    ItKlto.,  Ann.  Miih. 

llilKH.  Airos  18l).'>,  &t>. 

IHAtt.  MKXTICIItltllllK   AMKIin'AM'NlMiiiuniM). 

((.'AIIOI.INA    WlllTINO;  gAM>    WlllTINO.) 

H«a(l.S);  depth  I  toH;  oye  (Ij}  in  head;  Hnoiit;^.  I).  X-I,  24  or  2r>;  ,\, 
1,7;  HcaloH  (!-").'»,  V2  pttres.  Maxillary  roachiny;  nearly  to  iniddio  of  «'y«, -! 
to  .'{  in  lioad;  »yo  Hiiiall;  tvoth  villiforni,  in  broad  handH,  tho  outer  Heriis 
of  the  upper  Jaw  very  inneli  riilai'|red,  larger  than  in  the  other  Hperics; 
veiitralH  Hhort,  IJ  in  pectorals;  poctornlH  IJ  in  head;  eaiidal/-Hhaped,  the 
liroad  rounded  lower  lolte  lonjror  than  the  aeuto  ii|)per;  scales  all  <te!ioiil, 
those  of  the  breast  larger  and  regularly  jdaccd.  Color,  grayish  silveiv. 
with  obscure  darker  clouds  along  the  back  and  sides,  those  iiiarks  form 
ing  dusky  bars,  running  obli(iuely  forward  and  downward  to  considoralilv 
below  the  lateral  line,  these  often  ob.stdete;  the  bar  at  the  nape  saddli - 
like;  liniug  of  gill  cavity  dusky;  pectoral  yellowish,  dusky  at  tiji;  an 
obscure  dusky  streak  along  lower  part  of  sides  running  into  Iow(>r  loltc 
of  caudal.  South  Atlantic  and  (iulf  coasts  of  the  United  States,  Chesii- 
peake  Hay  to  Texas;  very  cuniiuon  on  the  s.'indy  ct)asts  of  our  Southern 
States,  where  it  is  a  food-iish  of  8(une  importance. 


*  We  hftvo  examined  the  ty|)08  of  I'mhriua  viartinieentii  and  TT.  graeilin  in  tlio  nnistiini 
at  I'ari.s;  al.-^o  nnnioruiiM  H|>()ciineiis  in  tliu  niiisuuin  at  Cambridge,  u|ii)urently  iiluntii  ;il 
witli  tlieai',  Ironi  Kio  .Janeiro,  IMo  (irunde  do  Sal,  Victoria,  lialiia,  and  Alontovideo.  'I'lir 
Hiit'cicH  Hct'ins  to  l>u  iiseoininou  in  Soutli  Anit^rica  hh  its  aiiBluji^iie,  1/.  ameiicdiiiis,  i.s  in 
North  Aiuerica.  Tim  two  am  exeoedin^Iv  alilte,  and  tiutrtinicnms  in  prolmlily  a  nm 
Kraiiliical  variety  of  the  other,  distiiiifuixliod  jierliajiH  I)y  a  Hliglitly  smaller  ni'niilii'i'  ui 
ruva  in  tiie  dorMiil  tin.  Weru  it  not  that  tlie  Sciirnoid  t'ai'ina  of  Soiitli  Anicrica  itt  cliiiiU 
diilurent  from  tliat  of  North  America,  we  Hhoiild  acarcely  hesitate  to  phu'o  luaitiiiiirntin 
ill  the  Hynunymy  oi  (tinericaniiii.  Umbrina  janwirin  is  upiiarently  hascd  njion  tlio  spi'ii- 
iii(!U8  from  li.io  Janeiro  examined  by  us.  I'mbrina  jiraciliii  vttui  based  on  tlie  dried  sUin 
of  a  yoiin;;  exam])lu,  distorted  and  varnished,  f.'mhriiiii  airnatii,  as  desciihed  by  Cuvitr 
&  Valeneieniies,  <loes  not  ditl'er  at  all  from  .If.  inartinicennit.  As  described  by  i)r.  (iiiii 
ther,  the  scales  are  72  to  78  in  ari-nata.  Itis  evident,  however,  that  (Jiinther  lias  enmiiecl 
not  the  pores,  but  the  number  of  vertical  series  of  scales,  and  these  range  from  70  to  Mii  in 
nearly  all  of  our  s]ie(;ies,  the  number  exceeding  tlie  number  of  pores  by  about  '20,  iiiid 
similarly  exceediu);  the  number  of  obli(|ue  series.  We  see  no  reason,  therefore,  for  nut. 
placing  areHdfa  in  the  synonomy  o{  martiniceniis,    (Jordan  &  EiKenmauu.) 


Mh  II  ni  111 
Caroliij 

I  hiiiniix  lit 

<>(  ('ATI 
uliieh 
/  ,  1,(1  illhiil 
I  itiUriiiii  {\ 
tiago; 

('    nlll>lll>mt 
I   mlilillll  III 

II/J7.1,  1| 
)lrnlii'iirhti 

.Uintieinhil 


lleadli'j 
H;  Miih!s7 
Hill  clevat 
I',  in  Ilea 
sli-litly  d 
till  area; 
(.f<^ye,2{ 
ill  I  ctenoit 
siilcH  with 
Willd,   the 
stM'ond  iinil 
stieak  btui 
exh'iiding 
pci'tonils  d 
to  l\ey  VVei 
An  excellei 
of  our  Noi 
of  M.  ameri 
lieiiig  of  m 
liar.     A  la 
several  sni; 
not  otherv 
ittilin,  perta 

Jnliiiiiis  gnxm 
)lfiitii-inhiis 
\.  SCILNICI 
I'liihilna  neb 
Ml  iilicirrhun 
Ml  iitieirrhu* 

•  Tlie  origii 
lit  Itei'lin,  wli 
Iliiit  of  feijui 
iianics,  the  si 
liu.sed  "Kock 


Jordan  and  Ihwrmann. — Fishes  of  North  .Inurica.     1475 


l/'  rtiNiM  atn*riranii»  (tlitt  WfiilliiK),  Oatkhiiv,  Nat.  TTInt.  rnmliiiMH,  t-lo.,  pi.  12,  f. 3, 17:M. 

Carolina. 
(  „i,,iniiM,iiii,'rieanii».  I.INN.V.IN,  Sv>tl.  Nut.,  Kil  X,321,  IT.IM,  Carolina;  liiimil  on  ilii>  Wliltinu 

iif  Catkhmv,  mil  Cfiiiriini*  ainiTiciiiiiit  of  llii'  tweU'th  Killtlon  ui'  tlii<  S\Mt<<r>ia  Naliinc, 

wliirh  ill  u  C.N  |ii'lii(il<l. 
/iv.i  (i//<((r;iiM,  I.INN  KtiH,  .SvMt.  Nat.,  K<l.  xri,  4H'.',  IH7rt,  Charleiton.     (toll.  Id   Uiir<li>n.) 
I   nhriiiii  phalima,  CiitAim.  i'riM  ,  Ar.  Nut    .S<  i    I'liilii.  Ih.'iM,  |iI7,  Indiunola,  Braiua  San- 

tiaKo;  (liRAUl).  r  S.  mill  Mix.  Ilniiiiil.  Siirvi>Y.  i:i.  IH.M>. 
( ,  iiiniii<nnu»iilliiiriiiin.  l,.\r(:i'i.iiK.  IIIhI.  Nut.,  I'iiInn.,  iv.  '.'4tt,  2.''i7, '.'(U,  iHii'J. 
I  iiihnixl  illhurniil,  (,'l'VIKII  A    VAI.KNOIK.NNt^^,  IIImI.  Nut.  I'iiIhm.,  v.  IHO,  IH:I0:  <il  NTIIKII,  Cat., 

11,27:.,  IHtM). 
)lr,iliiiirliuii  nth II rmm,  J onUAS  \  (iii.iiRitr,  SmiuiikIm,  .''>77,  IHHII. 
.l/Mi'ict>>7ii<«a»i«-rt{iu/tt<«,  .liiiinAN  A   Kiuk.'s.mann.  (.  f.,'i;ii),  IMHU. 


iHott.  .iii^:>TniititiirK  saxatii,is(IiiimIi  a  .si imoiUi ■•). 
(KiNOKiHiii  Sea  Mink;  NonrnKKN  Wiiitincj.) 

Ilt>i»l:»'|  to  •;  <lt'l»th  ».}  tolji;  cycTiiihriKl;  Hiuiutll'l.  I).  X-I,  L't'.orL'T;  A.I, 
S;  M'iiUm7-5l{,  II  ponw.  OiiterttMth  of  iipporjiiw  Iohh  imi  larked;  HpiiioiiHdor- 
H.'il  rlevutocl,  till-  lon;;«;Nt  H|iiiuti't'iu'liiii){  |i:iat  t'tont  of  soft  (loiHal,  itH  liii^th 
tl  ill  lirtt<l;  citloratioii  MtroiiK'.V  iiiiirkcd,  hody  Hcancly  Hilvcry.  I'rolilu 
sli^litly  dtipn-HHcd  aliovr  thi-  <>y«H;  oy  small,  2^  in  Hiioiit,  2  in  iiituroilii- 
liil  aron;  Huoiit  IoiiK)  Idinitisli;  mouth  lar^re;  maxillary  rtMchin;;  middle 
of  (■yr,2t  inlu'Uil;  vtMitralH  lA  in  pi'ctoralH,  wliich  aio  l|  in  head;  himiIoh 
nil  ctunoid.  Color  dunky  );ruy  ali<»v«>,  HomctimoH  Itlackialt,  tin-  Imck  and 
HJiliH  with  diHtinct  dark  oldiipiu  <'roH8  bandH  riiiinin}r  downward  and  for- 
wniil,  thi'  anterior  oiu*  at  thi-  napo  cxtcndinj?  <Iownward,  moctiiiy  thr 
sci'iind  and  thiiH  forinin^  a  V-Hliapud' Idotch  on  iMiclisidtt;  a  dark  lateral 
stiiiik  bounding  thr  pale  <-olorof  tho  bully,  ino.st  diHtinct  ]io8t<-riorly,  an<l 
I  xli'iidin);  on  lower  loho  of  catidal ;  iiiHidu  of  ^ill  cavity  Hcarculy  duHky  ; 
pi-i'toralH  dark.  Atlantic  and  (iiilf  coiiHts  of  the  United  States,  Cape  Ann 
to  Key  West  and  reiiHacola;  inoHt  coinmnu  northward  on  Handy  bottoiiiH. 
All  excellent  food  HhIi.  TIum  species  is  generally  common  alonj^  the  coaHta 
of  iiiir  Northern  States,  its  greatest  abiiaikince  being  north  of  the  limit 
of  .)/.  americttniin,  a  species  which  it.  very  closely  resembles,  the  ditferenccs 
lieiiig  of  minor  importance.  Southward  its  distribution  seems  to  be  pecu- 
liar. A  large  specimen  was  obtained  by  Dr.  Jordan  at  Pensacola  and 
soveral  small  ones  at  Key  West.  All  these  an;  very  dark  in  color,  but 
iidt  otherwise  evidently  different  from  the  common  northern  form.  (8«j- 
aliliH,  ])ertaiuing  to  rocks.) 

.I'.liiiiiisgnxatilis,"  IlLOcii  A:  SrnNEiDRU,  Syst.  Ichth.,  75, 1801,  New  York. 

.UniriVin/iK^  x(jj;((^7i«,  Jordan,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.Pliila.  1883, 288  (notu  on  typo  of  Bloch 

\  SCII.NKIDEII.) 

I'liilii-iita  nehulosa,  (iVjiTHV.n,  Cat.,  li,  275, 1800. 

MnilU-irrhuH  nehiildxiit,  .Iokdan  \-  (Jimieut,  Synopsis,  577, 1883. 

Ml  niicinhiiHsaxatilin,  JoHUJiN  \:  BIioenmann,  /.  c.,431,  1889. 


*  Till)  originnl  type  of  Johniun  taxatilia,  sent  by  Schiipf  to  lUoi^li,  is  still  in  the  niiiHiMim 
at  lirrlin,  wluTcIt  has  binni  oxaniiuud  by  us.  't'lio  iiainti  mxaliUi  for  ihe  Whitiof^.  like 
tliat  of  reijulU  tor  the  Weaktlsh,  <-auiu'  about  throiigli  a  t'oiit'iisiou  of  thu  vernacular 
iianii's,  tlieHunpoHi-d  'Kingtish"  being  named  "  Ju/ttiu(«  r«^u2t8"  by  Ulucb.nnd  the  sup- 
iiusL'd  "liouktisb,  "  "Johnius  naxatilis. 


w 


i  •;.• ,; 


■|:: 


I 

f      M 


147(5  BiiUclin  4.7,  United  Siafcs  National  Museum, 

\m\.  MK.NTICIRKIIDS  IIXItrLATFN  (Oirard). 

(CALIFOIINIA   ■WlllTINH;   SANU  SUCKKU.) 

Head  4;  deptli  4  to  5;  eye  7  in  heiul;  snout  3ji.  D.  X-T,  25  or  2(5;  A.  I.  s; 
scalcB  7-00-11.  Moiitli  siiiallcr,  the  niaxilliir^  roacbinjj;  scarcely  to  doiil  of 
eye,  H^  in  head;  teeth  on  lowor  pliiirynj^cals  bluntisb.  Snout  lonj;,  little 
projectinfj;  <'ye  small,  2^^  iu  snout,  1*  in  interorbital  area;  outer  teotli  in 
upper  Jaw  moderately  enlarged,  about  as  in  M.  aaxatUia ;  lower  ])liai\ii 
goals  a  little  broader  than  in  M.  amcricanuH,  the  teeth  coarser,  and  iii.iny 
of  them  bluntisb,  none  of  them  really  nudar,  those  of  the  inner  postt  riin 
corner  of  th(i  bone  inueh  enlarged;  highest  dorsal  spines  1 J  in  head,  tlicir 
tips  reaching  to  soft  rays;  ventrals  H  in  pectorals,  which  are  1!,  in  liciid; 
scales  all  ctenoid.  Color  sooty  grayish,  with  bright  rellections;  the  bii(  k, 
all  the  tins,  and  under  side  of  head  dusky;  undulating  lines  along  sides 
running  upward  and  bacikward,  made  of  dark  points  in  canter  of  c.ich 
scale;  back  often  with  very  faint  dark  cross  bars;  odg«^  of  opercle  dusky; 
lining  of  gill  cavity  slightly  dusky.  Sonthorn  California,  north  to  Santa 
Harbara;  rather  common  along  the  sandy  coasts;  a  food-fish  of  moderate, 
importance,     {itndulatiic,  waved.) 

Umbrina  nndulaia,  Girard,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Philii.  1854,  148,  San  Diego,  California 
((;oll.  A  CaHHidy);  \i)iiiifj  individual;  GnsAUi),  l'.  S.  V.  li.  K.  Survey,  x,  101,  ISSH. 

MentMrrhvs  vndvlatii*,  .J)RDAN  &.  Gilhert,  SynopeiM,  578  and  933, 1883;  Jordan  a,  Kiuk.v- 
MAN.N,  I.  c,  432,  1880. 

Subgenus  UMBRUTjA,  Jordj  i     .  Eigonniaim. 

1803.  MKNTK'IUKIirS  KliOXMTUS  (Giiutlur). 
(Verruoata.) 
Head  3|;  depth  i^;  eye  snuill,  2^^  in  snout,  7  in  head;  snout  long,  ;i  iu 
head.  I).  X-1,  22to24;  A.  1,7;  scales  5-53-13.  I'pper  lobe  of  caudal  longer 
than  lower;  scales  rather  small,  about  25  in  an  obli<iuo  series  from  vent 
forward  to  lateral  line;  axillary  scale*  length  of  iteetoral;  snout  very  litlh; 
jtrojeeting;  gill  rakers  very  short,  3-f-5,  the  longest  about  ^diameter  of 
pupil;  lower  pharyngeal  bones  narrower  than  in  littoral 'tH,t]nf  mcdar  teeth 
smaller,  covering  the  whole  anterior  part  of  the  bone;  <'(mical  t<!e(li  (in 
posterior  part  of  the  bone,  the  outermost  row  enlarged;  body  more  ehm- 
gate  than  in  other  species;  prolile  low,  little  convex;  mouth  small,  tlio 
max'llary  scarcely  rea.hing  front  of  pupil,  3  in  head;  second  dorsal  h|miio 
I'H  ill  head,  iiiiterior  soft  rays  of  dorsal  almost  twice  .is  long  as  the  ])oste- 
rior  ones;  caudal  with  an /-shaped  margin;  ventrals  If,  in  pectorals;  pee- 
torals  1*  in  head.  Color  bluish  on  sides  and  back,  silvery  below,  witlmnl 
stripes  or  bands.  I'.acilic  coast  of  tropical  America,  Ma/atlan  to  I'aiianii; 
very  conunou  in  the  surf  in  shallow  »vater.  Its  reJations  aie  evidently 
with  ^f.  lUloralia,  but  in  several  respects  it  represents  a  transition  toward 
Menlidrrhiis  uudtilatus,  its  nearest  relative  .among  the  typical  Meiitifinhi. 
This  relation  i)revents  us  from  regarding  I'mhnihi  as  a  genus  distinct  t'rorii 
MentUirrli  ii»,  as  its  characters  would  s«^em  to  indicate,    {vloixjattts,  elougai  e. ) 

TJmhrina  clongata,  GiiNTHEB,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  18G4,  148,  Chiapas;  (it'NTUER,  V''!<U>>i 

(Central  America,  387  and  425,  pi.  04,  ti^'.  2,  18(i!). 
Menticirrhit*  flditgatiin.  Jduuan  a.  (iu.iiERT,  l!idl.  U.  S.  Fish  (,'unini.  188.i,  1(I7;  Joui)A.\  a 

ElOENMANN,  L  C,  432,   1  889. 


Jordan  and  livcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1477 


18«».  MKM'K  IIIKIIIJS  lilTTOltAMSdIulliiuok). 

(SUKK  WmriNU;   Sll.VKK   WlIITINf.) 

llciul  'A\ ;  depth  i;^ ;  oyo  G.J  in  head  ;  snout  \\\.  I).  X-I,  23  to  25;  A.  I.  7; 
Hiiiles  6-r»3,  VI  ])ores.  llpiuii'  lobe  of  cundal  not  lonj^er  tliun  lower;  HcaleH 
rithcr  liirgo,  15  to  IH  in  an  ohlitjue  serieH  from  vtuit  Mpward  and  forward 
Id  L.tcral  line;  axillary  Ncalo  not  J  lonf^th  of  pectoral;  Huoiit  diHtiuctly 
linijeetiii};  beyond  month;  ffill  rakerH  larger  than  in  other  H))ecie8,  the 
limije.st  about  \  length  of  iiujtil,  the  number  j- -j-  7;  lower  pliaryngeal  boneu 
hro;id,  most  of  the  teeth  ilevelopcd  as  courHe  nudars,  only  thowe  along  the 
]i(i-terior  margin  eonica);  maxillary  reaching  pa,st  fnmt  of  orbit,  \\\  in 
lit:i(l;  outer  teeth  of  ui»per  JaAv  Hcan-ely  enlarged;  longest  dorsal  sftiueH 
itMihing  past  fr(»nt  of  soft  dorsal,  the  free  margin  of  tlie  fin  eoncave;  can- 
(lul  rather  deei)ly  lunate,  the  lower  lobe  roundi-d,  the  upper  ])ointed;  veu- 
ti.ils  1  i  in  pectorals,  which  are  l^in  head.  Color  silvery  gray  above,  with 
l>liiish  and  bronze  rellections,  imnuiculate;  a  dark-bronze  shade  along  sides 
oil  ]t'\el  of  I'.ectorals,  extending  to  tail  and  along  cheeks;  belly  below  tliis 
iiliniptly  white;  dorsals  light  biov  u,  s]iinous  dorsal  black  at  tip,  the  base 
narrowly  white;  caudal  pale,  its  tip  usually  Idack;  inner  lining  of  jtectoral 
luul  vontrals  blackish;  gill  cavity  pale.  South  Athiiitie  and  Gulf  coasts 
ot  the  United  States,  North  Carolina  to  Texas;  generally  common  in  the 
siiif  .ilong  the  saudy  shores  of  the  f'>outhern  States.  It  resembles  Meiili- 
cirrhiix  aiiierifainin  somewhat  in  external  characters  so  that  it  has  often 
liccii  confounded  with  it  by  careless  observers.  Its  le(^hnical  distinctions 
are,  iiowever,  numerous,  and  in  the  form  of  its  jduiryngeal  teeth  it  dill'ers 
ill  a  marked  degree  from  the  true  Mcniicirrlnin.  (Uttoralia,  pertaining  to 
tlio  shores.) 
i'lnhrinn  littorali.i,  HouiaooK,  Iclilliyol.  S.  Ciirolina,  Isl  ctl.,  142,  \>\.  '20,  liir.  1,  18.'if.,  South 

Carolina;  (IOntimih,  ("at.,  ll,  2'ii>,  IHGO. 
^[lnti(•in■hlls  lith.-nliii,  Johdan  &.  (iil.liEin',  Synopsis,  <j;i3,  1883;  Joudan  &  I';^(Jli^MA.^^■, 

(.  c,  432, 188y. 

592.  PARALONCHURUS,  Hocourt. 

(COKVALOS.) 

I'mahiiickiinii,  Kocoi'UT,  Nouv.  Arcliiv  Alim.  I'aris,  iv.  21,  1609  (inti\'si). 

I'liOii-inhus,  I'.ocoUKT,  Nouv.  Ariliiv  ^lus.  I'aris,  iv,  22,  18ti!t  {ilnnu  i  ili)  -,  not  roljicirrliiis, 

ilmiii;,  18,')i),  a  y;<'MHs  ol' worms. 
I'liliii'lciiiKii,  liKUti,  Ann.  il IIS.  Nac.  lincnos  Aires  ISSt.'i,  54  {ihimciilij ;  salisliliilr  for  I'lihi 

cirrlniK,  jircoccupipd. 
/.inliiscinil.  .loHDAN  it  EvKHMANN,  Clicck-Llst,  401,  181M)  (rathhuni). 
/iii'Iniiilll,  (JU.IIKKT,  ill  JomiAN  .V  KVKHMANN,  Chock  List,  401,  18U0  (;/i)(((/('l). 

iSody  more  or  hiss  elongate,  the  head  rather  slender ;  preopercle  without 
lioiiy  scrratures;  a  row  of  slender  barbel.s  along  the  inner  edge  of  tiie 
<l('!itary  bones,  and  a  snnill  tuft  at  the  chin;  no  pseudobranchia- ;  gill 
nilii  rs  'ibscdetc,  or  nearly  so;  teeth  in  biinds,  the  outer  above  enlarged  or 
ii()(  ;  soft  dorsal  usually  rather  long;  spinous  dorsal  and  anal  moderate; 
SI  iilcs  nioilerate  or  rather  small;  caudal  long.  Species  rather  numerous; 
Soiitli  .\iiierican;  closely  agreeing  in  technical  characters  but  divisible 
into  1  strongly  marked  groups  Avhich  may  be  genera.  (TTaixx,  near;  to  Lon- 
chi^iritx,  with  which  genus  they  agree  in  tlu!  absence  of  pseudobranebia'). 


*    ;< 


t  ;|  j 


1  i 


1478  BuHctin  77,  Ihtitcd  States  Nationcxl  Museum. 


a.  Body  rntlier  di'op,  tlio  liack  sniiipwhnt  dovatorl.  tlio  (loi)tli  about  3}  in  lenntli;  IkhIv 

wiHi  hlftck  croMH  liarn;  barbcl.s  flt'iidfr. 

roi.ycl.EML'S  (nohv:,  many;  kAj>o?,  twi;;.  from  tlic  inau\  barbels): 

'/.   /JnrHal  rays  about  /X    J,  22;  caudal  (in  .loiiblo  truncat<<,  tlio  middle  I'ays  loii;.'i  M. 

c,  Ptl'tnrnl  Ij  in  head;  color  j^rayifsh,  witb  0  broad  black  cross  barn  oii  bmlv; 

<*ul()f  tii-tU  of  upper  jaws  scai'ccly  ciilarKt-d.  dlmkhili,  ]<>h, 

ZoNOSOroN  <j;dro«,  /.One;  <//f'or,  iSdifim): 
bli.  Jdirsal  rays  X  I,  26  (o;t2;  cau«)al  fin  .>bli(|ucly  triiiicato,  lunate  or/-Nlia|icil. 
(/.  J^ormvl  7-ay8  X   /    2*»,  oaudiil /'-Hliapcd,  the  luidt'io  ra^N.s  lon^fcst ;  iutIihmI 
IJ  in  head;  outer  t«eth  iibuvu  soniuwhat  cular^ed;  black  bars  on  limiy 
taint.  UATiiiiu.Ni,  i-i,,. 

aa.  Hody  comparatively  elongate,  the  depth  about  4  in  lcu(;tli;  the  ba('k  not  eloviilcil; 
cobir  dimky,  tlie  dark  cni.s.s  bar.s  taint. 
Zaci.e.mi  s  (^o,  ail  iuten.tive  iiarticle;  kAi>io5,  twif;,  from  the  largo  barbels) : 
d.  Upper  jaw  without  oularp'd  teeth  in  its  outer  aeries;  barbelH  consi)iciioM>; 
])ectoral  nu)derate;  caudaly  Hbaped.  tlio  lower  lobe  loufiest. 
c.  Pectoral  1!;  in  beiul;  coloi  iluaky  with  taint  crosn  bare     1).  Xl-2r)  to  :;;, 
Hcalcs  45  to  48.  OOODEI,  istiti. 

Paiiai-o:.      -'KUS  : 

dil.  Upper  jaw  with   the  outer  series  of  teeth  enlarged;    barl)el.s  viiy 

slender;  pectoral  very  long;  caudal  long,  pointed. 

/.  Pectoial  very  long,  somewlint  longer  tlian  in  ail;  caudal  pointed,  n.s 

long  as  head:  color  dusky,  scarcely  barred.    1).  X-I,  30;  hchI.  h 

50.  PETEBSI,  l.StJT. 

Subgenus  POLYCLEMUS,  Perg. 

is«4.  PAUvi-oxciirmjs  iniMKitiLi  (Hocourt). 

Head  3,4;  dtjptliL'?.  D.  IX-I,  25;  A.  II,  7;  ()rl)it  5^  iu  Lead;  snout  3'; 
niaxillaiy  2!; ;  liiffbest  dorsal  spiiu^  2|  ;  doi-Hiil  ray  2^ ;  Hecoiid  anal  spiiir  I ; 
length  of  caudal  1)> ;  pectorals  l.i ;  ventr.iKs  11.  Mody  ratlier  elongate,  the 
back  soniowbat  elevated,  ventral  outline  a  little  etirved.  Head  low  ;inil 
small;  prolib^  steep,  soinewbat  eonctive;  snont  soniPiwbat  ucnte,  wiln 
large  slits  and  i)ore8:  preorbital  broad ;  intcrorbital  area  broad,  coii\  ix, 
3  in  bead;  nioutb  small,  entirely  inferior;  ma.\illiiry  extending  to  the  ver- 
tical from  the  posterior  ]»art  of  pnpil ;  teetii  on  jaws  small,  viliiform,  the 
outer  scarcely  larger;  ))reoper('le  rounded,  its  edge  Avitli  soft  cilia  wliicli 
grow  larger  from  above  downward;  gill  rakers  3  or  i  4-  Tor  M,  I'lmnto,  thi(;k. 
ish;  psoudobranchia'  none.  Head  and  body  (overeil  with  weakly  ctcMioid 
scales,  52  in  the  lateral  line.  Lateral  line  much  arched  anteriorly,  becom- 
ing straight  over  the  anal  lin.  A  tuft  of  barbels  at  the  8ymi>hysis  of  tl;e 
lower  jaw,  a  single  row  of  8  or  10  barbels  running  liackward  along  tlie 
lower  edge  of  each  ramus.  Dorsal  spines  rather  stout,  the  first  minute, 
the  third  longest,  the  others  gradually  growing  shorter  to  the  ninth,  wlii(  li 
is  about  i  the  length  of  the  third  spines;  soft  dorsiil  lower  than  spinous. 
the  lin  with  a  scaly  sheath  at  the  base,  its  membranes  covered  with  sniiill 
gcales;  veutrals  filiform  at  tip;  anal  inserted  well  forward,  its  llrst  apim 
about  as  large  as  the  first  dorsal,  the  second  strong;  ciiudal  double  tuni- 
cate. Color  bluish  gray  above,  silvery  below;  G  rather  '.  '.oaii,  d'stim  i 
cross  bars  of  dark  brown  extending  frora  the  back  down  the  sides.  Mcin 
branes  of  dorsal  fins  dusky,  growing  darker  in  the  region  of  the  .'ly 
bands  and  on  the  edges  of  the  fins:  caudal  dusky,  lighter  near  the  i)as(  : 


veiitralsl 
oil  the  ii| 
shores; 
jiossessiil 
i':inama.| 
Paris,  aul 
sou  of  A| 

ruljifirrliim 
"(Coll. 
type. 

IIKUI, 


I  lead  3 

L'ltor30i 
eh'Vtited, 
tiiil  oiitli 
1111(1  comii 
ill  iu'ad. 
iiio  pupil, 
i;i\v  large 
wiiltli  of] 
lower   mil 
|Kirt   of    Ij 
less,  with 
over  base 
,s;il  rays  3 
L':  (listanc 
e\t('n(ling 
1:  to  n   ii 
tlie  media 
(■iiiica\"e.  tl 
yelliiw  bei 
back  with 
s|iiiioii8  d< 
line;  mem 
streak  thr 
torals  dus 
(liisUy  OIK 
I 'ii  nil  oil  oil  • 
shorter  pe 
i'aiiuma;  i 

J'olyrirrliiis 
No.4U7( 


Jordan  and  Evcrmauu. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1479 

vtMitrnls  and  anal  palo,  witli  dusky  edjjen;  pectorals  a  little  dusky,  darker 
oil  t  lie  inner  Hide.  Length  K  to  12  inclicH.  Taiiania  ;  alxiiidiiiit  on  Handy 
sliores;  a  vt-ry  strongly  marked  Hpfcics.  It  lias  been  wrongly  described  as 
IKisst'Ssing  pseiidobrancliiii'.  Our  specimens  obtained  l)y  Dr.  (lilbert  at 
I'liniima.  (Named  for  Angiiste  Dunu'ril,  iihtbyologist  of  the  museum  at 
I'aris,  author  ot'2  volumes  of  an  uiifiuished  llistoiro  Natural  des  Poissous; 
soil  of  A.  M.  Constant  Dumrril,  author  of  Ichthyologie  Aualytiquo.) 

Vn[in'irrUv»  duinrrili,  IJocol'icr,  Xoiiv.  Arch.  Mas.  il'IliHt.  Natiir.,  iv, '_'2,  1W)8,  La  Union 
(Coll.  F.  Jtoioiirl);  JoiiUAN,  rro(!.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  riiilii.  188:!,  'JHH;  note  on  liocoiirt's 
typo. 

(,c/ii/()yi<'Wi(»/((«C('rt(«,s,  Stei.vd.XCIINKU,  Iclitli.  lifilr.,  Il,  lil,  1«75,  Panama  ;  JoitDAN  iV  Gil,- 
HKUT,  IJuU.  I'.S.  Ki.sli  (Joimu.  1882,111. 

I'liicinhua dumerili,  Johuan  Sc  Eioenmann,  I.  (•.,410, 1889. 

Subgenus  ZONOSCION,  .Innliiii  ^V  K\  I'l'iniiiin. 

|S<I5.   I'AltVLOM  III  Itl  S  ItATIIIirM  (Ionian  \  liolliiiaii). 

lleadSi  (1>)  intotal);  depth  IJ^^  (li);  eye  4.^  in  head;  snout  MJ^.  I).  X-I, 
L'HoiHO;  A,  11,11.  hiitnral  lilinTiJ  lorifi.  IJody  ehingate,  coini)rc.sHed;  Jnick 
elevated,  ]irolUo  from  snout  I o  dorsal  str.iight  or  slightly  S-shaped;  ven- 
hal  outlim  gently  iu(  hod,  base  of  anal  oblitjiio;  caudal  pcduiiclc  short 
and  compres.sed.  Head  h»\v,  little  (•i)nij)ressed.  Snout. short  and  blunt,  ^J^ 
in  licad.  Mouth  small ;  maxillary  slightly  longer  than  in  /'.  jjerHrtHWS,  reacli- 
inu  IMipil,  3  in  head.  Teeth  small,  villiform,  outer  enlarged,  those  of  upper 
j:i\v  largest.  I'reopt'iclc  with  a  crcnulate  iiicmbrauaccoiis  border;  least 
wiilth  of  ]U'eorbital  (i  in  head.  Gill  rakers  sluu-t  and  rather  thick,  5  |  10, 
lower  much  smaller.  Scales  on  snout,  below  eyes,  and  on  anterior 
]iait  of  breast,  cycloid;  caudal  .scaly;  d(»rsal  and  anal  nearly  scale- 
]i  ss,  with  a  scaly  sheath  at  base.  First  dorsal  sjdne  very  .short,  inserted 
over  base  of  ]tectoralH;  third  and  fourth  ei|ual, -'A  in  head;  anterior  dor- 
sal rays  ;?  in  head,  posterior  2.^ ;  second  anal  sjtine  ;>  in  head,  longest  ray 
2;  distance  between  bases  of  ventrals  and  anal  15  in  body.  I'ectoral.s  not 
extending  beyond  veiitrals.  l;j  to  l:/  in  head;  vontrais  not  reaching  vent, 
1;  to  1?  in  head,  outer  ray  tilanicntous;  longest  caudal  ray  11  in  head, 
I  lie  median  rays  lf)iigeHt,  the  upper  lobe  slightly  truncate  and  slightly 
e(iii(a\e.  the  lower  cut  off  still  more  obliijuely.  Color  bliii.sh  silvery,  nu)re 
yellow  beneath;  scales  from  ))ase  of  pectorals  to  caudal  with  larger  dots; 
liaeU  with  I  or  5  very  faint  bioad  dusky  cross  bands,  th<)  1  at  end  of 
spiiions  dorsal  largest;  a  blaik  sp(d  larger  than  eye  near  origin  of  lateral 
line;  iiiembrane  of  spinous  dorsal  (hiikly  dusted;  soft  doisal  with  a  pale 
.siieak  through  its  middle;  ;inal,  outer  i  of  ventrals,  and  nearly  ail  of  pe/'- 
torals  dusky ;  caudal  rusty  at  base,  fcdlowed  l)y  a  pale  area  and  then  a 
(InsUy  one;  a  large  black  liuinera!  si)ot.  Length  7  inches.  IJelated  to 
I'didlunclnirus  peruaiius  (^^Steindaehner),  from  which  it  is  .separated  by  its 
.sliiirter  pectoral,  shorter  dorsal  spines,  longer  snout,  and  more  dorsal  rays. 
I'auania;  I'ather  rare.     (Named  for  Mr.  Richard  I?athbun.) 

l'olj)cinliiiKratlihinii. .ionii/.s  &  Bm.L.MAN,  I'nii'.  U.  S.  Nat. '  lu.s.  1889, 102,  Panama.    (Tviio, 
Xo.  41170.    CM.  Albatiosf,.) 


P 


H 


■Li 

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■  I    M 


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1    , 

:i 

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1480  liullctin  /7,  United  Slahs  National  Musi  inn. 


Subgenus  ZACLEMUS,  Cilbort. 

INHO.  I'AItALONnillltrs  4J<K)I)KI,  (iillxrt. 

Head  3*  to  4;  depth  l  to  4J!r;  ej'o  very  Inr^ie,  2^  in  iiitororhitiil  widtli,  1 
in  postoculiir  part  of  head;  snont  34  to  3)}.  1).  XI,  L'r>  to  L'7;  A.  II,  7;  \'\  td 
4H  rowHcd'Hciiles  rnnninji  oldiqncly  upward  and  forward  from  lateral  liin  . 
Klon>;ate,  with  broad,  heavy  head,  the  temporal  rcj^ion  swollen,  protulur- 
ant,  this  not  the  case  in  /'.  pet<rtii;  snont  very  hij;h  and  blunt,  its  antcrinr 
j)rolilo  viTtically  rounded,  little  protru<lin<>'  lieyond  tlie  preiii-'xilliiries; 
rostral  and  mental  pores  very  large,  arran;;ed  as  usual;  syniphyseal  poio 
bounded  laterally  by  2  membranaceous  rlnijs  continued  forward  from  ilii' 
mandibular  niar;;'ins,  bearing  many  barbels;  this  condition  also  in  /'. 
pvlersi  and  in  rolyclemim  fascialns,  no  "  multilld  barbel  "  bein^'  pnsseiit ; 
barbels  much  strouf-er  than  in  /'.  i)etirsi,  widely  spaced,  forminj;  a  (dn- 
spicuous  series  aloii};' the  inner  marjiin  of  th<!  mandible,  beeomiuf;'  crowded 
into  a  dense  fringe  along  anterior  ^  of  margin  of  iutero])erele,  Mmitli 
obli(iue,  very  protractile,  maxillary  reaching  vertical  from  posterior  odj,'! 
of  pupil,  a  tritle  less  than  ^  head.  Teeth  slender,  villi  form,  none  <)f  tluni 
enlarged,  those  in  lower  Jaw  in  a  narrow  band  or  irregular  series,  in  uijjksi' 
jaw  in  a  modeiate  band;  teeth  all  brown  in  color.  I'reoperele  with  ,i 
membranaceous  edge  minutely  ereuate,  spiuulescent;  braucliiostega!  unin 
brane  very  wide;  j)seudobrancliia'  obsolete;  gill  rakers  undevelo])ed,  rep- 
resented by  soft  tubercles,  of  which  there  are  (ito  8  on  the  horizontal  linili 
of  {ir"h,  2  or  3  next  the  angle  sometime  8  slightly  longer  and  moxahlr. 
Dorsal  spines  slender  and  flexible,  the  third  the  longest,  equal  to  lenjiili 
of  snout  and  .(  eye;  tenth  spine  shortest;  soft  dorsal  and  caudal  densely 
covered  with  scales  to  their  tips;  no  ditferentiated  sheath  at  base  of  soft 
dorsal;  first  anal  spine  minute,  the  second  slender  but  not  llexiblo,  i  to  I 
length  of  hmgest  ray;  caudal  fin  with  the  lower  lobe  longer,  convex,  the 
upper  lobe  concave;  longest  caudal  rays  1*  in  head;  pectorals  broad,  reju  h- 
ing  vertical  from  tips  of  ventrals,  but  not  nearly  to  A'ent,  1\  in  head;  outer 
ventral  ray  produced  into  a  filament  about  \  total  length  of  fin,  the  longest 
noulilamentous  ray  I  -t  in  head.  Lateral  line  with  a  low  wide  curv^e,  beeoin- 
ing  straight  over  posterior  jiart  of  anal  lin.  Color  dark  brownisli  above 
and  on  sides,  with  greenish  and  bluish  rellections,  white  below;  back  and 
sides  with  1  broad  inconspicuous  cross  l)ars;  the  lirst  from  predorsalr*'gion 
to  base  of  pectorals;  tlie  second  from  end  of  spinous  dorsal;  the  thii(i 
from  base  of  eighth  to  twelfth;  tlie  fourth  from  twentieth  to  twoutv- 
lifth  rays  of  soft  dorsal,  downward  and  slightly  backward;  basal  portion 
of  anal  and  cmter  ventral  rays  yellow,  the  outer  portions  dusky;  other 
fins  blackish  ;  lining  of  ojjerde  dusky.  Panama;  rare.  Longest  specimen 
about  a  foot,  ((iilbert.)  This  species  dillbis  from  P.  /jefersi conspicuously 
in  the  shorter  pectoral  and  caudal,  the  heavier,  blunter  snout,  the  larger 
eye,  the  much  larger  and  more  numerous  barbels,  and  in  the  ;ibsenco  ot  any 
series  of  enlarged  teeth  in  front  of  the  pr-oniaxillaries.  (Named  for  Dr. 
George  Brown  Goode.) 

Paralonchvrus  yoodei.  Gu.hekt,  Fiwlies  of  PaiiJinia  :\rs.  1898,  Panama.     (Coll.  C.  JI.  <iil 
bert.    Tyi)e.  in  L.  t*.  -Jr.  Univ.  Miis.) 


Jordan  and  Evcnuaiin. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1481 


Subgenus  PARALONCHURUS. 

1S«7.  I'AUALOM'lll'KI  S  I'KTKKSI,  IJo.tnirt. 

Ilciul  3i;  (U>i»th  I ;  eyoHA  in  lifiul;  Hiioiit  Wl.  I>.  X-I,  iiO;  A.  II,  !>;  sosiles 
>  r)0-U).  Htxly  lon{j  and  low;  hoatl  sli'iider,  Hattisli,  Hoiiiowliut  Hiu»ii;>y 
iiliove,  with  ]>rotiibcraut  Huoufc;  iiitororbitiil  area  Hj;  mouth  liori/.ontal; 
maxillary  '1\  in  head;  toeth  in  villiform  bands;  npjjor  jaw  with  a  conspic- 
iioiiH  outer  row  of  larger  ones;  ehin  with  5  ]i(ires,  a  muitilid  ])arl»ol  at  the 
sviiiphysis;  rami  with  a  row  ol"  slender  barlu'ls  alonj;  inner  edf-o;  dorsal 
l(i\v,  hij(ht'8t  liehind;  solt  dorsal  scaled  at  base  only ;  caudal  jjointed,  as  long 
lis  head;  uniil  spines  small ;  second  8])int' as  lonjf  as  snout;  jxTtorals  very 
infic.  2!  in  body  ;  scales  rather  l.'ir^e,  cycloid,  ('(dor  light  olive  with  laint 
HtrijH'9  on  rows  of  scales;  pectoral  dusky;  other  lins  jdain.  Coast  of  Cen- 
11  il  America,  rare  at  I'auama.  Here  described  from  the  type.  (Named  for 
1)1.  Wilhflm  I'eters,  late  ichthyologist  at  the  museum  of  lierlin,  uversatilo 
w  I  iter  on  systematic  zoology.) 

laialonclnDimpeterid,  BocornT,  Nouv.  Arcliivoa  (hiMiisouni,  iv,  18fi0,  22, La  Union,  San 
Salvador  (Coll.  F.  Bocourt) ;  Joudan  \  KuiENMANN,  I.  c,  i'.i'i.  188U. 


593.  LONCHIURUS,  lUoch. 

!,■  iichiurus,  Hloch,  Ichtliyologia,  ITOli  (harbntxii-  Inncetdntvi). 
I.iiichio-us,  BloCU  A:  ScUNEIDF.R,  corrected  siielliiij,'. 

Kody  long  and  low,  the  second  dorsal  with  !r>  to  10  nays.  No  jtseudo- 
liianchiii';  chin  with  two  short  barbels,  none  on  sides  of  mandible.  Air 
111  ulderpeculiar  in  form,*  ashort  heart-shiiped  body  with  5  horns.  Vei'te- 
hr,!' 10  +  19;^2!),  Otherwise  essentially  as  in  I'ardlunclno'iis.  from  which 
tlic,  long  dorsal  and  the  absence  of  barbels  distinguish  it.  A  singular 
gcuus,  with  I  known  species,     i^oyx^h  I'li'f^o;  ovpa,  tail.) 


1S«8.  LOXdllUKlS  L.VMEOL.VTUS  (lllodi). 

Depth  1  in  length.     D.  X  or  XI-I,  38  to  10;  A.  II,  7  or  S;  lateral  lino  fiO  to 
7(1.     Mody  long  and  low,  the  profile  straightish,  dtjjjressed  over  the  eyes; 


■  'I'lio  .lir  bladder  is  thus  described  l)y  T)r.  (ri'mther  (Cat.  Fiabea,  II,  ;tl7) : 
'■  I'lic  form  of  tlio  air  bladder  i.s  very  peculiar.  'We  may  distiiij;iii.sli  in  it  a  body  and  .') 
horri.s.  Tlie  body  is  sliort,  heart  sbaiied,  and  occupies  a  place  boniiatii  the  tliird  and  toiuili 
vcitebrii' only ;  its  point  is  continued  into  the  middle  horn,  wiiich  in  a  lish  9  inclies  lon^- 
lias  a  diameter  of  onlv  4  a  line  near  its  origin.  It  runs  along  f  be  vertebral  line  of  the 
aliihiniinal  cavity,  anA,  tapciing  to  a  tine  point,  terminatt^s  at  the  posterior  extremity  of 
the  iihdonien.  Each  of  the  anterior  jiarts  of  tlio  Iieait  shaped  body  isdivide(l  into2  horns, 
till'  posterior  of  which  is  turned  l)aekward,  long,  and  forms  a  tube  similar  to  f  h((  median, 
hill  with  the  lumen  only  J  as  wide.  It  runs  along  the  side  of  the  latter,  in  a  jiarallel 
(liiii'tion.  and  torminate's  in  a  tine  point  before  reaching  the  extremity  of  thf  itlidomeii. 
i'iii'  anterior  lioru  is  very  short,  directed  forward  and  outward,  and  nearly  as  i  liiek  .is  the 
mnlian. 

"  I'lie  body  of  the  air  bladder  is  attached  to  tlie  fourth  vertebra  and  the  ncan>st  pntta 
111'  the  abdomen  by  such  a  tiriu  and  dense  cellular  tissue,  of  a  white  color,  that  it  (-m 
siarcely  be  distinguished  from  the  membrane  of  the  air  bladder.  At  some  distance  from 
the  vertebra  it  becomes  gradually  thinner,  and  is  lost  in  the  j>arictal  part  of  the]ieritiineum. 
I'lic  iiicmbr.'ine  of  theair  bladder  itself  is  tirni,  thick,  and  of  a  shining  w  liite  color,  ex''"])t 
Ml  llic  anteri<u'  notch  of  the  heart-shaped  body,  o)>posile  a  iirocess  arising  from  the  third 
V  irti'lira.  This  process  forms  an  arched  plate.'open  at  its  jiosterior  side,  which  is  directed 
li'ward  th(«  not(di  of  the  air  Itladder;  at  the  siihi  wliicli  is  directed  toward  llebi'lly  it  is 
cmcred  with  a  thick  white  membrane,  forniinj;'  a  sort  of  cupida,  but  wllli  tin-  hinder  siih* 
ii|icii.  riiis  cujiola  tits  exactly  into  tlie  notcdi  of  the  air  l)ladder,  which  here  closed  by 
:i  very  thin  membrane  only.  There  is  a  strini:  round  the  cupola  from  oui  interior  horn  to 
the  other  to  fasten  the  air  bladder  to  the  cupola." 

3030 16 


t-jf 


;4: 


;  :i  I'. 


■■!  :i|-:  ^":i 


'  i 


k  •  I,  - 


1482  Bulletin  47 <  United  States  National  Museum, 

intororbital  urea  as  broad  uh  oye,  which  in  us  long  iis  snout;  nnont  small,  lo 
in  head ;  snout  soft,  depressed,  with  conspiouous  pore  at  tip ;  montli  oblii|uc, 
suhinferior;  maxillary  rear h in j;  a  little  beyond  ••ye;  teeth  in  line  biiiwU; 
barbels  2,  not  louj^er  than  oye;  preopcrclo  with  en  ulate,  niembrauaceons 
nuirgin;  upper  ray  of  ptuitoral  nnich  elongate,  2A  ii  '><>dy;  caudal  olon>;;it(! 
lancoolato,  I  in  body;  lirst  ray  of  ventral  reaching  fiDnLof  anal;  analslidit 
and  high,  its  spines  weak,  inserted  before  middle  of  soft  dorsal;  hcjiIch 
mostly  cycloid ;  lateral  line  becoming  straight  above  anal.  ( 'olor  brownisii ; 
pectoral  and  caudal  fins  black,  other  lins  dusky.  (Cuvier  A:  Valenciennes. ) 
West  Indies  to  Guiana;  rare;  not  seen  by  us.    {laneeohUu)i,  lanco  shaiud. ) 

I'erca  lanceolata,  llLocic,  Nov.  Act.  Sc.  C'opeiih.,  ni,  H83, 1788,  India. 

Lonclninis  harhatua,  Hi.ocii,  Iclitliyol.,  pi.  300,  1793,  Surinam;  CuviKR  &  Vai.enpienm  s, 

Hist.  Nat.  roi8H.,v,  10;i,  1830|  described  Irom  IW.orii's  type. 
Jjonchnrut  dejircutts,  Hloch  &  .Sciinkidku,  Syst.  lelith.,  lO'J,  1801,  Surinam;   Crviii:  \ 

Valknc  iK.XNKs,  llisl.  Nat.  Poi.ss.,  v,  195,  1830;   Gt)NTnKK,Ci«t.,n,317,  IHOO. 
Lonchunis  la7iceolatu8,  GOntueu,  Cat.,  n, 317, 1800;  JouuAN  &.  Eioenmamn,  I. c, 431, 1889. 


If 


594,  POGONIAS,  Lacdpcde. 
(Ska  Drums.) 

Pognniai,  Lac'ki'i>de,  Tlist.  Nat.  Poisa.,  ui,  138, 1802  (fnariatu$'-cromi$). 
roiionathuK,  LAf'fti'i;r)K,  Hist.  Nat.  Peiss.,  v,  121, 1803  {con rbina) . 

Body  short  and  deep,  the  dorsal  outline  uukjIi  elevated,  the  vontr;il 
uearlj'^  straight.  Mtmth  moderate,  the  up]ter  jaw  longest;  teeth  small,  In 
villiform  band.s,  the  outer  not  enlarged;  lower  pharyngeal  bones  larj;c, 
fully  united,  armed  Avith  strong  paved  teeth;  lower  jaw  with  nuniermis 
barbels,  each  about  k  as  long  as  the  eye;  preo])erculum  entire,  with  11 
membranaceous  edge.  Dorsal  tins  slightly  connected,  the  8]tines  high  and 
strong;  caudal  (in  snbtruncate;  lirst  anal  spine  short,  the  second  exceed- 
ingly large,  nearly  as  long  as  the  soft  rays;  pectorals  and  ventrals  Ion;;; 
gill  rakers  short  and  bluutish.  Pscudobranchi.e  large.  Marine  species, 
reaching  a  vei-y  large  si/e,  am<mg  the  largest  of  the  Sciwnid<r,  2  spci  ics 
known.     {7tooycoiu'(V?,  bearded.) 

a.  Body  deep,  tlio  dojitli  alioiit  2!,  in  Icujitli ;  snout  blunt,  3J  in  liead.  D.  X-I,  21;  sralrs 
47;  baek  usually  without  distinct  oblique  .streaks.  ('i{(>.'\ns,  isfiit. 

aa.  liody  more  eloniiate,  the  deiitli  altoiit  3  in  Itinutli ;  the  snout  more  acuti-,  3i!  m  li(;ii|. 
1).  X-1, 19;  sealcH  50;  <'olor  uioro  Bihery,  with  oblique  faint  dark  .streaks  alnn^ 
the  row.s  of  scales  al)ovo.  COUKUINA,  187(i. 

IStJi).  PO(JOMAS  CKOMI.S  (Liunaus). 

(Dri'M.) 

Head  3k;  depth  2k;  snout  0I  in  head.  1).  X-],  21;  A.  II,  5  or  6;  scales 
5-47-9.  Hody  oblong,  the  back  much  elevated,  ventral  outline  almost 
straight,  the  depth  rapidly  diminishing  from  the  first  dorsal  spine  back- 
ward; proiile  rather  steep  and  slightly  convex;  mouth  moderate,  inferidi, 
the  maxillary  not  reaching  middle  of  eye,  3k  iu  head;  teeth  in  broad 
bauds,  the  out«'r  scries  above  scarcely  enlarged;  snout  blunt,  longer  than 
3ye ;  lower  pharyngeals  large,  completely  united,  covered  with  many  blimi 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1483 


iiiolarH  and  ii  Hinall  piitcli  of  coniral  tooth  at  tlio  uutur  poHtorior  corner; 
;rill  rakorH  I  -\- 12,  vory  sliort,  shMuhsr;  dorsal  s|iinos  liijili  but  slender,  tin* 
fourth  liiKhoHt,  '1  in  head;  caudiil  Hulitrunciitu;  Hucond  anal  spine  vury 
iar<;o,  about  2  in  lu>ad ;  pectorals  about  as  lon^  as  head ;  scales  lar^e,  tlnmo 
on  breast  small.  (lolor  grayish  silvery,  with  1  or  5  broad  dark  vertical  bars, 
these  disiippoaring  with  a^^e,  usually  no  <>l>lii|ue  dark  streaks  along  rows 
of  scales  above;  tins  blackish.  Atlantic  coasts  of  America,  Long  Island 
to  mouth  of  the  Hio  (irandc;  common  on  the  sandy  coasts  of  tlic  United 
States,  where  it  roaches  a  very  large  size,  probably  the  largest  of  all  the 
SciaiiUhf.  The  largest  specimen  recorded  was  taken  at  St.  Augustine, 
Florida,  and  weighed  lUi  poiuuls.  It  is  rather  a  coarse  lish,  of  no  great 
value  as  food,  (chromia,  xfJf'fii?,  an  old  name  of  some  tish  of  this  type, 
from  ^/J6>r.),  to  grunt  or  croak.) 

I.iihnis  croMi»,  LiN.N.KCs,  S.vnt.  Nat..  Kd.  Xti,  470, 17ti(>,  Carolina. 

fdiioiiiii*  fanfiatii-i,  LA('ia'i:i)K,  Hist.  Xiit.  I'ojhh.,  iu,  i;t7,  IHO:.';  CrviKB  &  Vai.kncuonnks, 
Hist.  Xat.  ToisM.,  v,  '-M0,  pi.  118,  li-MO;  Ciu.vuD,  U.  S.  iiud  .Mex.  Uuuud.  Survey,  11,  185U; 
(li'.VTUKU,  Cat.  l'"i.sli.,  II,  'J70, 18«n. 

Uinjil  urunnii'ii.i,  M  itchill,  Ui'ixirt,  in  imrt,  Fislips  New  Vork,  Iti,  1814,  New  York. 

Siitvna  J'lisca.  Mrniiii.L,  Triiim.  Lit.  and  I'hil.Soc.  1815, 400,  New  York. 

^liii-na  ijigan,  MriciiiM„Tnin.s.  Lit.  and  I'hil.Soc.  1815,  411!,  New  York. 

I.dlints  fhruiiiis,  .Scui'iPK.  Sclirift.  Nuturlor.scli.  Krcundi',  ISoriin,  viii,  158, 1788. 

t'dnoitias  fhrDinit.  (.'r\iKK  &  Vai.kniiknnks,  Hint.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  V, 200, 18;!0;  DeKay,  Now 
York  Fauna:  Fisims,  80, 181*2;  (ri'NiiiEii,  (.'at.,  11,270,1800;  Joudax  \  tin.isKUT,  Synop- 
sis, 508, 188;t;  JoKDA.v  \  K.KiENMANN,  <.  c.,4;i.''<,  pi.  4,  tluH.  10  and  11,1889. 

Lnhrua  gnninii'iit,  MiTCUiLi.,  Trans.  Lit.  and  I'liil.  Si>c.  1815,405. 

Mmjilijigan,  Mitchill,  Kuport,  in  part,  Fishes  New  York,  10, 1814. 


U' ' 


l.S;0.  POOOXIAS  <  OVKItlNA  (LacOpM.). 

Mead  3,^;  depths.  1).  X-I,  1!>;  scales  50.  Scarcely  distinct  from  Pogo- 
iiUiH  croiiiis,  the  scales  a  little  smaller,  the  body  a  little  more  elongate,  the 
dorsal  rays  fewer;  coloration  more  silvery,  with  faint  dark  streaks 
oiiIi(|uely  along  t\w  rows  of  scales  above.  (Jiiiana  to  Uruguay;  rather 
common  in  Ihazil.  (courhind,  Portuguese  uame,e(iuivaleut  to  the  Spanish 
;iiid  Latin,  Corciita,  croaker,  from  <'oriUH,  crow.) 

I'onimatlnis  courhiiin,  LACKiM';nK,  Hist.  Nat.  roiss.,v,  121,  IHO.'i,  Rio  de  la  Plata. 
I'ixjoiiiaii  ci-umUcourliina,  JoHUMi  &-  Ekienmann,  l.o.,i'SG. 


595.  APLODINOTUS,  l{alines(iue. 

(KlVKH  DutM.s. ) 

Aldndinntui,  RAPiNES(irE.  .Jour,  dc  l'h,vs.  1810,  418  {;inn)))ici\.i). 

Ainhltidiiii.  IvAi'LVKst^ui;,  ,Jour.  dc  I'hys.  1819,  418  diiiscd  on  the  pharyngeal  teeth  ol'  A. 

ijnninieitx,  flup)iosed  to  belong  to  a  sijccics  of  huiralo-lish). 
HiijilDidvnotu.s,  GiLi.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila.  186],  102  (amended  orthography). 
EntjichelithuK,  Jokdan,  Alan.  Vert.,  Kd.  I,  242,  1870  {nrhanhoni=  ijrininienii). 

Mody  oblong,  the  snout  blunt,  tlie  back  elevated  and  compressed;  month 
rather  small.  low,  horizontal,  the  lower  jaw  included;  teeth  iu  villiform 
liaiids,  the  outer  above  scarcely  enlarged;  no  barbels;  psendobrauchia- 
rather  small;  gill  rakers  short  and  l)hiut;  lower  pharyngeals  very  large, 


t    ,: 


;   •'  f 


■,    If 


1484         Diilktin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum, 


fully  united,  with  coiirsu,  blunt,  puvud  tuutli,  uh  in  I'oijoman;  preoporoli 
Hli^htly  Hitrrute;  doiHiil  HpincH  Htron^  iiutl  high,  witli  n  cioHo-littin);  Hcaly 
Hli«3iith  lit  base,  the  2  doiHiils  Honiewhiit  coniirctod;  Hi'cond  ivnal  H))itii 
vt^ry  Htrong;  cuudiil  double  truncate;  air  bladder  very  liirp',  Hiniple,  >vitli 
no  appendages.  I'yloric  cH-ca  7;  vertebra' 10 -f  11^24.  KroHli  watorH  ol' 
the  Tnited  States;  largo,  coarHe  liHhea,  feeding  fhielly  on  cruHtaveu  ami 
nioUuHlcH.  The  geniiH  iu  apparently  allied  to  Piujonian,  and  both  may  be 
dt'Bcendcd  from  allies  of  liotintdor,  which  is  intermediate  between  them 
and  A'do'/ia.     (('iTrAi^f?,  Mimple  or  single;  /'(jroj,  back.) 


!■ 


m 


1N71.  AI>M>DI>OTIIS  iiitl  \MK\S,  UnHiit'Hqiio. 

(KKKSII-WATKK    DKUM;    (iASl-KBllOU;    TnCNDEIl-l'UMPKK ;   LAKE   .SIIKKI'SHKAH  ;    C'UnAKKII. 

UrilUmii;   WlllTK  Pkiicii.) 

Head  ;U;  depth  2J;  snout  H  >»  l»«ad.  D.  X,  80;  A.  II,  7;  seales  9-r»5-i:!. 
Hody  oblong ;  back  much  elevated  and  compressed  ;  profile  long  und  steep, 
straightish;  head  slightly  compressed ;  mouth  nu>derate,  subinferior,  low  ; 
thenuixillary  reaehing  past  middle  of  eye,  H  in  head;  ey*^  moderate;  teeth 
in  villiform  bands,  the  outer  above  seareely  enlarged;  lower  pharyngeals 
completely  nnited,  the  teeth  h-ss  blunt  than  in  I'oyouUiH  ;  gill  rakers  siiort, 
thickish,  G-f-M;  preopercle  obscurely  serrated;  snout  bluntish,  longer 
than  eye;  dorsal  spines  strong  and  high;  second  sjtine  highest,  2i^  in  head, 
u  scaly  sheath  at  the  base  of  spines;  the  2  dorsals  connected;  second  anal 
spine  very  large,  more  than  ft  the  length  of  the  head;  caudal  donble  trun- 
cate; scales  rather  thin  and  deep,  the  scries  somewhat  oblique;  scales  on 
breast  rather  large.  Color  grayish  silvery,  dusky  above,  sometimes  very 
dark ;  back  sometimes  with  ()bli(|ue  dusky  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales. 
(Jreat  Lakes  to  Texas;  abundant  in  all  lakes  and  large  streams  west  of 
the  AUeghanies  and  east  of  the  plains,  reaehing  a  Avoigbt  of  50  to  (Id 
pounds.  Its  llesh  is  not  of  high  quality,  and  is  often  tough  and  ill 
llavored  and  with  u  rank  odor,  especially  in  the  liUkes,  where  it  is  not 
often  eaten.  In  Texas  and  Louisiana  it  holds  a  high  rank  as  a  food-tisli, 
the  quality  improving  southward,     (tiriitinuns,  grunting.) 

Aplodinotut  )ininiiicn.i,  UAKiNKsiiiiK,  Joiiru.  (If  I'liys.  181!t,  88,  Ohio  River. 

Sfiwiia  oncida,  Lksikih,  Journ.  Ar.  Nal.  Sci.  I'liilii.  18'.'2,  25i;,  \A.  l,'l,  Lake  Ontario. 

.sViVr/.'rt  (jrisea,  Lksueuk,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  PLilu.  1822,  254,  Ohio  Kivtr  at  PittwliurK,  I'.i 

(Coll.  Le  .Sueur). 
Corrinarichanlsoni,  CuviebA-  Valkncienneh,  Hi«t.  Nat.  Poisa.,  v,  100,  1830,  Lake  Huron; 

haHcdonan  ahiiornial  siieciiuoii  with  hut  18  developinl  rays  iu  I  ho  hucoikI  dorsal;  (ii'N- 

TUKii,  Cal.Fi.sh.,  n,  2it8,  1800. 
Amhlotlon  concinnuD,  AuAssiz,  Anier.  Jour.  Sci.  Arts,  xvil,  1854,  l!07,  Tennessee  River. 
AtiihloilonUiwatim,  Ahassiz,  Anit-r.  Jour.  Sci.  Arts,  xvii,  1854,  ;i07,  Osage  River. 
Aiiiblddon  iieylectus,  Gikaru,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  S<^i.  Phila.  1858,  107,  Rio  Grande;  (ini.Min. 

U.  S.  aud  Mex.  Uouiid.  Survey,  12,  pi.  5,  fij;8.  C-10,  1850. 
Aniblodon  gninniens,  IlAFiNEStiCE,  Ichth.  Ohieusis,  24,  1820;  (Jibard,  IT.  S.  Pac.  1!.  i; 

Survey,  90,  pi.  23,  1358. 
HaploidonoUis  (jnuiiiit'nn,  Gu.L,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hilu.  1801,  104;  Jokdan  &  (iUJihiu 

Synopsis,  507,  1883. 
CorrinaoitcuUi,  C'UVIEK  \  A'AI.ENC'IENNES,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,  98,  1830. 
Corrina  oncula,  Gi'ntuek,  Cat.  Fish.,  n,  297,  1860. 
Corvina  (Amblodoti)  ^lepkcta,  Steindaciinee,  Iclith.  Notizen,  vi.  38,  1807. 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1485 


596.  EQUES,  lUoch. 

(KMllHdN-KISIIKS.) 

Hiuft,  ni,orii,  Tclilhj-olocin,  170:i  (anicricniiut     lanrfolalut). 

I'.ilidilHH.  ItAKiNKHc^rK,  AimlyHc  dc  lit  Xiitiint  1H15.  8U  (a»ii'n'c<i/iif() ;  HiihMtiliiln  for  F.'ivvs, 

\\w  liill<>r  iiiinio  licint;  roimiiluriMl  too  hIioiI. 
rareiiiD-M  ((JilX  MS.)  (looDK,  Dull.  U.  S.  Nnt.  Mum.,  v,  60, 187.1  {aevviiniiliiM). 

Hody  olilong,  c<>in]>roHH(Ml,  tlio  back  iniich  ••ImiiUMl  luitoriorly,  Viipldly 
iii|i(TiiiK  to  tli*>  iiiirrow  caiitlul  pctluiicit';  mouth  Hinall,  tlio  lowor  Jaw 
iiicliuled;  preorbital  wido;  Hnout  with  slitH  and  pores  well  developed; 
teeth  all  villifunii,  in  iiroad  bauds,  tho  outer  scarcely  eularned ;  jtreopenle 
witli  a  frinfjed  border  and  no  bony  serrjc;  scales  small,  irr*.  fiular,  with 
Hiiialler  ones  iutt'rmlxcd,  extending  on  soft  (ins;  jjill  rakers  few,  short  and 
Hlcnder;  dorsal  fin  very  lonj;,  of  J)  to  \'>  close-set  spines  and  IJt!  to  r>5  soft 
lays;  anterior  intorncnrals  closely  wedj^od  in  behind  the  occiput;  anal 
small,  its  spine  small;  caudal  rlmmbic;  ])yloric  caca  few;  vertebrae 
IO-fl5=2.'>.  This  ;;enus  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  in  the  family  in 
ri'spect  to  form  as  well  as  to  the  <-oloration  of  its  species,  (ei/uux,  horse; 
(7/Hf'«,  horseman,  the  lonj;  dorsal  spines  suj-jifestinf;  the  rider.) 

I'\UA(;IIKH  (irapa,  near;  A'(/UC«)  : 

(I.  Dor.sal  rays  .\  to  X II-I,  :i(i  to  4n,  first  4  to  0  of  (lie  intenu'urnl.s  wedged  in  Ixitweeii 
iii'uralf)  of  H(><'oiid  iuid  third  vcrtelirii- 
l>.  I'rolilo  Hlet'p,  l)iit  not  vertical ;  dfHtanoo  from  miout  to  MrRt  dorsal  spine  altoiit 
e(|iial  to  dei)th  of  hody. 
c.  Dorsal  spiiu's  little  elovnted,  not  nearly  as  loiif;  as  liead  ;  hack  arelied  :  dor- 
sal with  38  to  41  soft  rays. 
(I.  (y'olordeop  violet,  hronzoor  gray,  without  distinct  longtliwi.se  streaks; 
depth  2?  to  3  in  length.  vioi.a,  1871.'. 

(Id.  Color  variously  dusky  or  gray,  with  at  least  trnces  of  aliont  7  length- 
wise streaks  ;  dei)th  2^  to  2^  in  length.  Af;UMiN.\TiiH.  1873. 
cc.  Dorsal  splneM  elevated,  tlio  longest  2^  in  length  of  body;  soft  parts  of  ver- 
tical tins  witli  white  sjiots;  hody  robust,  the  hack  niiic.li  eonipresHed, 
the  general  forni  iiiucli  as  in  Kijiiiii  anniiinatus,  hiit  tho  caudal  ]iednii- 
elo  deeper  and  more  compressed ;  pectorals  and  veutrals  short  aiul 
('(lual,  1}  in  head.  (lolor,  dark  brown,  a  light  bar  in  front  of  eye  ex- 
tending around  tho  chin,  a  second  pale  bar  extending  around  the  li'-nd 
imiuediatoly  behind  the  eyes,  n  third  extending  from  in  front  of  dorsal 
over  base  of  jiectorals;  alight  bar  along  base  of  soft  dorsal;  a  light 
bar  extending  from  behind  the  elevated  portion  of  the  spinous  dorsal 
downward,  dividing  into  two,  thr«  branches  running  straight  l>aek, 
the  upper  branch  to  lieginning  of  last  fourth  of  soft,  dorsal,  the  lower 
branch  to  base  of  caudal;  2  or  3  light,  undulating  longitudinal  bars 
below  these;  tins  all  dark  brown,  vertical  lins  with  many  whitish  stel- 
late spots.    Head  3J  in  Icn  ,  !i ;  depth  3.    D.  XI  or  XII  1, 46. 

Pl'NCTATCS,  1874. 

lib.  Profile  very  steep.  IJody  deepest  below  tirst  dorsal  spine,  thencts  rapidly 
tailoring  to  the  narrow  caudal  peduncle.  (Jolor  <ilivaceons,  3  darii  brown 
longitudinal  bands  along  the  sides,  the  niiddh^  one  from  I'j'O  backward 
reaching  tips  of  the  middle  caudal  ray."?.    D.  X-I,3  7.  1'1'LCHEU,1875. 

an.  Dorsal  rays  XIV  or  XV-I,  53;  about'.)  interneurala  wedged  in  between  nonrals  of 
secoiid  and  third  vertebra';  protilo  almost  vertical;  body  highly  variegated, 
with  ribbon-like  obliiiuo  bands.  lanckolatls,  187<i. 


•;  r 


-»!  .'f 


t:    I 


1480         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


\  A 


SubKcnu*  PAUEQULS,  (}IU. 

IH7>.>.  V\\y>V.X  VIOI.A,  (iDlMrt. 

Iloiul  2,:,  to  :i',  ;  .l(^|.llil>»  <<•:»,',;  (»y«  I  in  lioa.l,  I>.  IX  or  X,  HS  to  II; 
A.  II,  7  or  M;  r.  17  to  lit;  HcileH  .'>()  to  r>|  in  olilicpitt  Hi>ri<>s.  Ilutly  iiiirrow  i\ 
wuil^n-HliaptMl  ill  Hcction,  Hlinrply  roni|>r(tHH<<«I  towariJH  iIoihiiI  oiitlino,  vriii 
rniii^  ht'low;  lo\v«>r  oiitlino  of  lixiitl  liorj/oiital,  Htiui^lit ;  vtMitral  oiiMiiic 
IV  jiontlc  coiivox  nirvc  to  bann  of  anal  wliicli  is  iiiodoiatiOy  oMiqiie;  lower 
oiitliiio  of  taiidal  ))u<liii>('lv  HJi^litly  comavts  antriior  tippiT  piolllr  liHiiiM 
Ht<'('|>ly  ill  a  \(M'y  ^*Mitlu  oiii'vo  to  front  of  doisul,  tiiunc<t  nioro  oltiiqiiuiy  to 
front  of  Hoft  (lornal  wiicn*  tlKMlrjttliof  hody  isj^rcatcHt.  Snout roinprt'SHctI, 
with  rather  itroininvnt  Itlnnt  tip,  whicii  Hli};htly  uvcriiaii^H  tlio  inontli; 
tip  of  Hiioiit  and  iiiandiblo  Hwoiltni,  ]>rovidod  with  lar^c  iiiiicuuh  poriH,  :i 
HcricH  of  5  in  tlni  iiiandiblo,  1'  tranHvornu  Horios  of  5  oa<h  in  tiio  Huont,  of 
wliich  tlic  puHtorior  lattual  pair  is  niinntn;  month  huri/ontal  or  vory 
Hli^htly  ohli<|ue,  tlio  niaxiilary  reaching  aliont  to  viutical  fronihindor  innr 
^in  of  ))ii])il,  itH  length  incasurod  from  tip  of  Hiioiit  13:|  or  2^  in  hoad.  'rrotii 
in  lower  Jaw  in  a  wide  viliiforni  hand,  a  fow  of  thc^  outer  Horien  anteriorly 
Hli^htly  enlarged;  ])i'eina\illai'y  teeth  in  a  wide  villitonn  hand,  the  outer 
RerieH  enlar^red,  forming  modoratu  canines,  hir^or  than  those  in  front  ol 
inandilinlar  hand.  Internrliital  spa«;e  narrow,  itn  width  <-ontainod  r»to,')i. 
tinioH  in  head.  I'reoperele  entire,  th^^  mcinhranoMH  border  HoinetiiiieH 
minutely  ereiinlate;  operele  ending;;  posteriorly  in  13  concealed  points, 
the  included  opercular  meinbranu  covered  with  (ino  scales;  gill  rakers 
short  and  weak,  ">  abo\  e  the  angle,  !•  to  11  movable  ones  below,  the  loiiii- 
est  about  ,",  eye.  Mandible,  i;iilar,  ;ind  branchiostegal  nieiiibranuH  and  more 
or  loss  of  the  snout  naked,  the  scales  extouding  forward  in  some  specimens 
to  beyond  the  nostrils,  in  others  scarcely  beyond  the  front  of  orbits;  head 
otherwise  scaled;  Literal  line  following  outline  of  back,  strongly  curved 
.•interiorly;  i>ores  of  lateral  line  minute,  placed  on  small  scales,  iriegiilarly 
wedged  in  between  tlie  larger  ones;  above  the  lateral  line  are  very  obli(|iie 
series  running  downward  and  backward,  and  also  vertical  series,  about 
50  of  the  former  and  90  to  !l."»  of  the  latter;  sc.iles  all  ctenoid,  except  those 
on  anterior  part  of  breast,  on  lower  anterior  part  of  cheeks  and  on  inter- 
opeiclc^;  vertical  tins  densely  covered  to  near  their  tips  with  small  ctenoid 
scales;  pectorals  and  ventrals  w  ith  series  of  scales  on  the  membr.-ines; 
s|)inon8  dorsal  short,  nsually  nearly  triangular  in  outline,  the  second  spine 
the  longest,  the  others  rapidly  decreasing  to  the  last;  longest  spine 
usually  as  long  as  snout  and  eye,  sometimes  shorter;  soft  dorsal  long  and 
low,  increasing  in  Iniight  backward,  the  buigest  ray  about  \\\  in  head; 
<leplh  of  caudal  podnnele  eijiialing  its  length  behind  dorsal  tin;  anterior 
insertion  of  anal  tin  about  under  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  the  length  of  caudal 
peduncle  behind  anal  \\  tolA  in  head;  second  anal  spine  strong,  its  length 
equaling  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  front  or  middle  of  jmpil,  not  nearly 
reaching  anal  under  the  third  before  the  last  of  the  dorsal;  pectorals 
reaching  to  or  nearly  to  the  vertical  from  the  vent,  \\  in  the  head;  ven- 
trals short,  the  outer  ray  (ilameiitous,  I'-I  in  head;  caudal  double  truncate, 
snblauceolate,  the  middle  rays  |»rojecting  much  beyond  the  outer,  IJ  in 


Jordan  and  FA'vrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1487 

liuad.  HoiiloH  cyt^loitl  dm  tup  iiiiil  nidf^Hof  hoiid,  ulmiwlirro  itt^noitl;  liitoral 
liiM)  iiioro  art  lirtl  tliitn  tliu  Itiick,  Ix'coiiiiii;;  Ntrai^'ht  Hli^lilly  behind  trout 
.it'  anal  llu;  Noft  piirtHot'tiU  tin*  vcrtit  iil  IIiih  Hciilrd  totltuir  tipH;  pnitoriilH 
iiid  vt'iiti'ulH  with  HorleH  tiC  srahtH  aloiiK  tlio  iii«>iiihniii<'s,  Color  in  lit'o, 
liliiiii  Hit  very  ^liiy  iiliovi-,Mllv«*ry  hrlow  ;  ilorMiilH  liiid  iipptr  purtioii  ul  riimhil 
.liiHJfy  tranHliicoiit;  pectoralH  li^lit  Htraw  cidor;  vt-ntralH  iii«-Hially  oran^n 
t'llow,  th<-  inuitr  ray,  tiio  niit««r  ray,  and  tho  tips  ul'  all  tlio  rayH  lirJKht 
wiiiti-;  anal  dr«tp  yullow,  tho  rays  niar^^intd  uith  Idiick;  lowt-r  rautlal 
luyN  yullow  ;  ^ill  cavity  dusky,  witln>nt  yellow.  Hay  of  Panama ;  :>  spi'ci- 
iMi-nH  known,  the  lar^i'Ht  U)  iiirln'H  \k\\\^.  (dilbert.)  (!(«{«,  thi*  violet, 
iiiini  tlio  coloration,  which  has  vitdet  nhades.) 

/./»(■«  ri<i/r«,  (ill.liElil  MS.,  l-'inUfH  of  I'lUiuiiiu,  IH'JH,  Panama.     (Cull.  0. 11. (jUI'crl.     '\'\\>f, 
ill  L.  .S.  Jr.  L'ltiv.MuH.) 


1M!I.  KIJI'KM   Ai'l'lINMTI'S  (III..,  h  \  S.hiH>l.lpr), 

llnadM;  d«pthl'|;  eye  1  in  \wm\\  snont  \V\.  1).  X-I,  :Wfo.|0;  A.  H,  7; 
McalcsaO.  Mody  elongate,  coniprcsHcd  ;  protlle  rather  Htet^p,  lint  not  nttarly 
vertical.  Distance  t'roni  Hmmt  to  tirut  dorsal  spiiuMihont  cijiial  to  depth 
III'  body.  DurHal  upines  little  elcvat«>d,  the  loni^cst  abont'i.}  in  len^^th  of 
body;  liiHt  5  or  t!  intcrneiiralH  wcd)^e<l  in  between  the  nenrals  of  the 
-<(uondan<l  third  vcrttOinc,  the  rent  between  the  liiird  and  fonrth;  inter- 
.ii'liital  area  not  quite  uh  broad  an  eye;  Necond  anal  spine  2,^,  in  head; 
liinj-est  dorsal  1^^ ;  pectorals  1 J  ;  month  laryer  than  in  I'-nuin  i)iinvtaliis,  the 
maxillary  reaehinj;  past  middle  of  orlut  If  in  hi^id;  teeth  of  upper  jaw 
slij;litly  eiilar^^ed;  gill  rakers  short,  rather  slender,  (!-}-!•;  cainlal  ptMlnnelu 
,111(1  tin  lessdettp  than  in  Ki/ues  pitnvtahiH;  second  anal  H|iine  slightly  shorter 
than  soft  rays,  'J\  in  head;  soft  dorsal  scaly  ;  scales  large,  the  series  below 
lateral  line  slightly  <d)li(iue.  Color  of  the  typical  West  Indian  form  (var. 
ttiiiminahta)  nearly  black,  with  longitudinal  whitish  Htrijies  on  the  body, 
not  on  the  tins;  I  stripe  from  upper  edge  of  eye  straight  to  uppei'  edge  of 
caudal  peduncle,  1  .just  above  this  to  last  rays  of  soft  dorsal,  2  continent 
behind  from  nai)e  to  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  2  b»dow  the  lirst  from  pectoral 
to  base  of  caudal,  the  lowest  to  edge  of  caudal  jiednncle;  tins  dusky. 
South  Car(diua  to  lira/.il ;  not  uncommon  in  the  West  Indies,  (acuminatum, 
acuminate.) 

(Irammiiiteii  iifuininutux,  liLoru  A:  ScHNEmEii,  Sy.Hl.  Ichtli.,  1H4,  1801,  lu)  liiciility  ;;iveii; 

iil'ter  Scl>u. 
I'.ijiirnliiii'atiit,  (IrviEKiV  V,\r-ENcncNNKS,  Hint.  Nat.  I'<iiss.,  V,  109,  IH30,  Brazil. 
Eijiifn  acuiiiinattis,  ('A>'ri'".LNAr,  Aiiiiii.  Noiiv.oii  liiiivs  tie  rAim'T.  ihi  Slid,  10,  IsriS;  (K'n- 

THEK,  Cut.,  U,  280,  1800:  I'oEY,  Mfliiorlns,  U,  ;)70,  1801  ;  .loKUAN  &.  ElOENMA.NN,  I.  C,  440. 
ruri'iuet  ariimhtatUK,  Goode,  IJiill.  V.  S.  Xiit.  -Mas.,  v,  50,  1870. 

K'epresented  on  the  South  Atlantic  ciiast  of  the  United  States  by — 

IH7:{ii.  VAIVV.H   ACILHINATrS    IIMKROSUS,  Jordan  \  Eigcniimiin. 

Essentially  similar  in  form  to  the  typical  aciiminalas,  but  the  color  marks 
obscure.  lleadlU;  dejith  2.'J.  D.  X-I,  10;  A.  11,7;  scales  ()-5l-l();  second 
anal  spine  2^ ;  eye  -1 ;  snout  1 ;  maxillary  2^.    Coloration  dark  smutty  brown, 


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1J88         BuUctin  .;7,  United  States  National  Museum, 

with  traroH  only  »1'  7  |ml»i  HiroakH;  n^K'o"  "*  '»"**•*  "'  ""'*  (lorsal  <lail<n; 
HpinoiiH  dorsal,  tipHof  vontralH,  ainl  iiiHiiloot'^ill  cavity  black;  fiiiH  oMioi 
wiHo  Hiinitty. '     SoiitlicaNt  (■t)ast  of  tlio  lIiiiUKl  Stateu,  (.'kai'h>Hton  to  I'tMi- 
Hiir«>lH.     {umhronua,  HJiatly.) 

Scitriin  aniininnta,  JuuiiAN  .V  (ill.'lKUT,  SynoiisiH,  r>73,  IHHII. 

KilUi'.i  nniiiiinatiis  iiiiihrusiiv,  .Iukdan  A   lOli'KN.'MANN,  Itovh'W  S<'iiriii<lii>,  4t(l,  IHHU,  Charlrs 
ton  and  Fcnsucola. 

IS7I.  K«{|!KS  l'r>n AUS,  KliN'li  A  Scbn.'idiT. 

(SF.IIUANA    lllSI'ANA.) 

lload  ;{?  ;  dopth  W.  D.  XI  or  XU-I,  It);  A.  II,  «>  or  7;  Hcalo8  H-Cm  tor>!t-l  1 
or  12.  l)«)rHiil  HpiucNcloiif^atis  tlie  lon^oHt  '2'i  in  lt>iiv:tli  of  body;  soft  pari  h 
of  vertical  tinH  with  whituspots;  body  robnst,  th«^ back  much  (^oniprcHHctl, 
the  general  form  much  as  in  /.'(/itrN  ucuminalux,  but  the  caudal  luMliincJit 
deeper  and  more  (•t)uipreH.sed:  ])rolile  rather  nteop,  depressed  over  the  eye; 
snout  slightly  longer  than  eye,  Hu  in  head;  oy«  us  wide  nf  interorbital 
region;  preorbital  bn)ad,  as  wid«>  as  eye;  mouth  small,  siibinforitu-;  Max 
illary  ahuost  extiroly  t'onceale«l  below  the  ])reorbital,  2^  in  head,  reachiui; 
to  Ih'Iow  midilleof  eye  ;  teeth  in  both  Jaws  in  broad  bands,  the  outer  series 
of  the  ui)per  jaw  enlarged;  jireopercle  entire,  the  membrane  with  slight 
•  ilia;  gill  rakers  small,  slender,  ()-|-ll;  lower  ]»haryngeals  snuill;  the 
teeth  all  conical,  those  of  the  i»ostorior  angle  and  inner  series  sonunvl.iit 
enlarged;  anterior  dorsal  s))ine8  as  high  as  body;  membranes  of  the  soil 
portions  of  the  vertical  lins  closely  scaled  to  the  tip;  caudal  broadly 
rounded;  anal  short  and  high;  second  8|tine  about  '^  of  longest  ray,  I!  in 
head;  anal  spine  placed  midway  i»etweeu  base  of  pectoral  and  base 
»»f  caudal;  pectorals  and  vontrals  short  and  equal,  1'  iu  head.  Color 
dark  brown,  a  light;  bar  in  front  of  eye  extending  around  the  chin,  asecontl 
l)aie  bar  extending  aiv>und  the  head  immedi.itely  behind  the  eyes,  a  third 
extending  from  in  front  of  dorsal  over  base  of  jjcctorals;  a  light  bar  along 
base  of  soft  dorsal;  a  light  bar  extending  from  behind  the  elevated  jtor- 
ticm  of  the  spinous  dorsal  downward,  dividing  into  2,  the  branches 
running  straight  back,  the  upper  branch  to  beginning  of  last  fourth  of 
soft  dorsal,  the  lower  branch  to  base  of  caudal ;  2  or  ',i  light,  undulating 
longitudinal  bar«  below  these;  fins  all  dark  brown,  the  soft  portions  of 
the  vertical  lins  with  many  whitish  stellate  spots.  West  Indies;  a  hand- 
somely colored  lish  not  niu'ommon  about  Cuba  and  Ilayti.  The  specimen 
here  described  from  Havana,     (puuctatiia,  spotted.) 

*  The  .•»bovi>  .ii'oount  is  takoii  I'roiii  ii  spccimcii  from  Cliarlestou.  Auothur  from  IViisii- 
coln  (Silaa  .Stoarna'  I'ollcctioii)  sliowa  thv  following  cliariictcrs : 

Heat"  ;tj;  di'pth  3.  D.  IX-1,  ;16;  A.  '1,7;  Laf.  1.  53.  Back  Honiowhat  olovatcd,  llio 
profile  steop  and  nearly  straight  from  the  tip  of  tlio  <  ouical  and  ratln-r  poiutetl  snout  to 
llie  base  of  the  doraal.  Mouth  not  larj^e,  the  maxillarv  extending  to  below  the  middle  of 
the  eye.  Lower, jaw  included:  l>o»h  Jaws  witli  broad  'l)andH  of  villiform  teeth,  the  ante- 
rior series  in  the  upper  jaw  considerably  enlarged.  f'<'alea  on  the  bead  scarcely  ctenoid 
altove,  cycloid  on  the  cheeks.  (Mil  rakers  short  rather  stout.  Pectorals  very  short,  not 
reaching  Iinlfway  to  the  tips  of  tbo  ventrals,  and  but  halfway  to  the  anal;'  as  long  as 
from  the  sno.'t  to  the  edge  of  the  preopercle;  anal  tin  small,  iis  tip  not  reaching  to  the 
Inst  ray  of  tlu  second  dorsal,  its  spine  robust,  nearly  as  high  as  the  fin,  i  the  length 
of  the  head;  iir.st  dorsal  small,  with  slender  spines;  second  dorsal  very  long,  its  tip  nearly 
reaching  caudal.  Eye  rather  large.  Coloration  every  whei'e  blackish,'witb  traces  of  about. 
10  narrow  horizontal  pale  streaks  along  the  sides;  spinous  dorsal  and  tips  of  vei;trals 
quite  black ;  other  Uus  smutty ;  gill  cover  black  >\  ithiu. 


I 

t'-m'i 


Jordan  and  fivermann. — lushvs  of  North  America.     1481) 


srn'>(((»  liiipniiiH,   l*Al(l(A,   rio/iiM  IliHt.   Niil.  Culm,  'i,   pi.  'i,  litwrr  flKiiro,   17X7,  Cuba. 

lyiuftpiiiirliilim.    Ili.iKMI  \  Si  ilNKIDKIt,  S.v'hI.   Iiii.tli.,  UW,  IK(l|,  Cuba  (I>iu4<mI  on  I'AliliA.  2, 

|il. 'J,  t\n.'2);  (JiiviKK  \    Vai.kni'IBNNKh,  MIhI.  NiiI.  INtiHH.,  V,  |ik.  1*17,    no,   1h:I0;  (il;N. 

TIIKH,  (^it.     KUIl.   Itrit.    MuH.,  II,  W\,   IKnU;    I'dKY,  S.V'.l<i|miH,   'X^r,,   IHOH;    I'OKV,    Kuilllllv 

ratlo,  40,  187r>;  .|(iui>an  A  Kkienmann,  I.  <:.,  441,  IH>.!>. 

IS7r>.  MjI'KS  IMJiCIIKIt,  Kti^iiKliicliiuM-. 

\\mu\  Kii  ti»  SA  ill  iotiil  lon^Ui;  <lo]tUi  tlio  HiiiiKt.  I>,  X-l,  .'t7oi-;t8;  A. 
II,  7;  H<'ul«)H  50.  I'rotilo  v<My  Hto«|»,  "  HtoojMir  Miiiii  in  AV/»»e«  liinnohiliiH," 
Hoily  «1(t<)|ioHt  liolow  liiHt  (loi'Hiil  Hpiiir,  tii4Mi*'o  riipiilly  taporiiiK  to  th«  iiur- 
Kiw  caiiiiiil  iMidiiiKilu;  «>y«>  :tiii  'loiul;  Niioiit  It  in  oyo;  mouth  Bultinforior, 
till)  thick  convcc  Huout  projoctin^  Ixsyond  it;  iiiHt  viuitn.l  rry  liliforni,  '.i^ 
ill  Ixxly;  lon^&st  (IoihuI  HpintsH  Ijj  to  2ji  in  ItinjrMi  of  body,  their  bui^iit 
iiitiii'ly  twice  thiit  of  the  body  i^olow  tiiuni.  (Jcdor  olivuceoiiH,  'A  durk- 
hi'own  h>ngitudinul  buiidH  aUtUfr  tliu  Hid(>H,  tli«  iiiiddh^  ont-  t'roiii  uyo  buck- 
ward  reaching  tipH  ol°  niiibile  (■..-indal  rayH;  tlie  nppor  from  o<;<'iput 
liiic.kward  toond«>f  Hoft  dorsal ;  tlie  bnv()rfronih)\v(',r  corner  of  «)yo  to  behind 
.-iiial;  2  very  faint  liroad  crosH  barH,  tlie  iinterior  from  biiHe  of  first  dor- 
Hiii  to  ventralH,  the  next  from  nnddh)  of  soft  <b>rsal  to  anal;  tip  of  Hnoiit 
iind  chin  black;  an  oblil|ll(^  bar  l)elow  eye;  spinouH  dornal,  pectoral,  and 
v'.'ntral  black,  edged  with  whit.c;  edgea  of  caiidai  yellowish;  anal  with 
lirovm  points  anteriorly.  (Stoindachncr. }  liarbadon;  not  seen  l>y  ns. 
iliifl'livr,  i»ret*.y.) 

lUjiiis  piilclii'i;  .Si'KI.VMAcilNKK,  Irlitli.  Noli/cii,  VI,  13,  IHt)7,  BarbadoH;  JoKliAN  X.  KutKN- 
MANN,  {.  C,  441,   IMBU. 

Subgenus  EQUES. 
1S70.  lAlVKS  liA.VCKOIiATilN  (LiiinauiH). 

(RritllON    KlSIl;   GUAPKNA;   SKKHANA.) 

Head  4;  depth  2?  ;  eye  4.  1).  XIV  to  XVI-I,  't'd;  A.  II,  ?>;  scales  irregular, 
witliHmaller  ones  intermixed ;  about  12  of  the  anterior  interneiirals  wedged 
ill  between  the  occiput  and  the  neural  spine  of  the  third  vertebra;  distance 
Iroiii  tip  of  snout  to  first  dorsal  spine  much  less  than  dc]>t]i  of  body,  liody 
doe])eBt  below  first  dorsal  spine,  rapidly  tapeving  to  the  narrow  caudal 
peduuclo;  profile  very  steep,  little  convex;;  eye  little  longer  than  snout; 
ju-eorbital  broad,  nearly  as  wide  ns  eye;  mouth  small,  slightly  ol»Ii(juo; 
maxillary  reaching  to  below  anterior  fourth  of  eye;  teeth  all  viliiforni  in 
))road  bands,  the  outer  scarcely  enlarged;  preoperde  with  a  fringed  mem- 
liranous  bonier;  gill  rakers  very  short  and  slender,  6  +  9;  anterior  dorsal 
Kpincs  much  elongate,  lit  i"  body;  soft  rays  low,  tht,  membranes  scaled  to 
the  tips;  anal  small,  its  second  spine  3  in  hea<l;  ventrals  li  in  head;  pec- 
torals 8<!arcely  shorter.  Color,  light  yellowish;  a  narrow  brownish  band 
from  the  corner  of  the  mouth  up  ac^ross  the  middle  of  the  eye  and  meeting 
its  follow  ou  top  of  heiid;  another  broader  band  edged  with  a  narrow 
white  line  on  each  side  from  the  nape  down  and  back  over  opercle,  meet- 
ing its  fellow  between  the  ventral  fins  and  extending  to  the  tips  of  their 
outer  rays ;  a  third  and  still  broader  liand,  also  bordered  by  white,  extend- 
ing from  the  tips  of  the  dorsal  spines  to  their  base,  then  downward  and 


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1490         Bulletin  47,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


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backward  lo  the  tips  of  the  inuUlle  caudal  rays;  IhkIj  below  this  band  nil 
very  white,  above  it  Homewhat  darker.     West  Indies,  ranging  nortliw  aid 
to  Ponsiicola ;  rather  common  southward ;  an  interesting  lish  of  a  beautit'ii  I 
and  siiigular  <'oloration,  resembling  that  of  a  cha^todonfc.    The  specinicn 
described  by  us  was  taken  near  Pensacola.     {lanceohtUis,  lance-shaped.) 

Kihhan'l  Fish,  Kdwakds,  "Uloaninj^H,  pi.  'JIO, "  Guadeloupe;  Carolina. 

i'htvtuilon  laiieealatiit,  Linn.>;u8,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  \,  277,  17.58,  Caraibes  Islands;  Im.sHd  m. 

Edwahds,  1(1.  210. 
Sirraiia,  I'ahua,  IMcziiH  do  Hist.  Nat.  do  Cuba,  pi.  J,  upper  figure,  1787,  Cuba. 
H'lii/t  amcricanin),  IJlocii,  Ichtliyol.,  pi.  347,  1793,  West  Indies. 
Kqufs  halteatut,  CuviKH,  llogne  Animal,  Kil.  2,  ii,  pi.  :i9,  fig.  2,  1829,  Martinique;  nil.  i 

Edwards ;  Cuvikb  &  VAi.E.Nt-iEN.NEs,  Hint.  Nat.  INiiss.,  v,  105, 1830. 
ScUenti  edivanH,  GuoNow,  Cut.  Fi.sli.,  Ed.  Gray,  53,  1854,  Indian  Seas ;  aitor  Edwards. 
Fqueu  laiii^iolaliit,  (JOntheu,  Cat.,  u,  279,  1800;  Poky,  Enumoratio,  4C,  1875;  Jordan  .v 

GiLUBBT,  Synoit.si.s,  932,  1883;  JoUDAN  &  KiaBN.MA.\N,  I.  c,  •*42,  1889 

Group  CIKlllllTOlDEI. 
(Thk  CiRRUiToiD  Fishes.) 

This  group  agrees  with  the  I'erco'ulea  in  most  respects,  the  chief  exter- 
nal diiference  lying  in  tlie  form  of  the  pectorals,  which  have  broad  i)ro 
current  bases  a.*  in  the  Scorpanida;  the  lower  rays  being  unbranched  ami 
more  or  less  thiclconed.     One  family  '  is  represented  in  our  w.aters. 

Family  CLVI.  CIKKHITIDvE. 

(Thk   ClKlMIITOID.S.) 

Body  compressed,  oblong,  covered  with  moderate  scales  which  are 
cycloid  or  ctenoid;  lateral  line  continuous,  concurrent  with  the  back,  not 
extending  on  caudal ;  mouth  low,  terminal,  with  lateral  cleft ;  eye  lateral,  of 
moderate  size;  prem.ixillaries  protractile;  maxillary  narrow,  not  sheathed 
by  preorbital ;  teeth  small,  pointed,  occasionally  with  canines  sometimes 
present  on  vomer  or  palatines ;  cheeks  without  bony  suborbital  stay ; 
branchiostegals  3  to  6,  usually  (5 ;  gill  membranes  separate,  free  from  the 
isthmus;  preopercle  serrate  or  entire ;  ojjercle  unarmed;  no  spines  or  ser- 
rations on  bones  of  cranium;  dorsal  Hn  continuous,  long,  the  spinous  and 
soft  parts  8ube(|nal,  the  spines  not  depressible  in  a  groove;  soft  dorsal 
low;  spines  rather  low  and  strong;  pectoral  tin  short  and  broad  as  in  the 
Coitidw;  lower  half  of  fin  with  its  rays  simple  and  generally  stout ;  the 
membranes  deeply  incised;  ventra'  fins  thoracic,  but  considerably  behind 
root  of  pectorals,  the  rays  I,  .5;  air  bladder  large  and  complicated  or  want- 
ing; pyloric  ea-ca  few;  vertebne  10-1-16=^20;  skull  very  compact  and 
solid. t    Carnivorous  lishes  of  the  warm  seas;  genera  10;  species  40;  appar- 


*  This  family  should  apparently  bo  placed  amuug  the  I'ercoidea  near  the  Scrranida;. 

t  Dr.  Giiiitlier  gives  in  substance  the  following  deseriptiuu  of  the  skeleton  of  I'arracir 
rhitesfortteri  (BToch  it  .Schneider) : 

"Skull  compressed,  all  Iho  bones  Well  ossified,  and  very  solid.  Intermaxillary  niui'li 
shorter  than  maxillary,  and  having  posterior  processes  of  moderate  length,  ilaxillarv 
slightly  bent,  sword-shapud,  broadest  at  extremity.  Mandlbulary  kaviug  some  small 
pores  along  lower  side.  Head  of  vomer  thick,  Hwollen,  and  armed  with  testli  on  anterior 
margin  only.    Preoperculum  crosceut-shaped,  without  angle,  and  with  posterior  part  uf 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1491 

tnitly  reullj'  allied  on  the  one  hand  to  the  iStrranidw,  v/ith  which  gronp 
I)r,  Jioulcuger  finds  that  the  skeleton  has  much  in  common;  on  the  other 
hiind,  they  show  atlinities  with  tho  Scorpanida'.  Through  such  forms  as 
ihesu  the  great  group  of  lAtri^ati  or  Mail-Choek  tisiies  may  he  connected 
u  ith their  perch-llko  ancestors.    (Cirrhitidw,  Gilnthnr,  Cat.,  ii,  71-«6, 18(50.) 

II.  Tuftli  (lu  vomer  and  pulatinoA;  JawH  witli  caniues;  sculea  on  clieekH  very  small; 
dorsal  Hpiues  ^  I  ur  12.  ('iurhiteh,  507. 

597.  CIRRHITES,  Lac<^i)ide. 

{•irrliites,  LACftpflDK,  Hist.  Nat.  Pois.i.,  v,  3,  18it3  OnaeulatVH). 
Clirh'tichthyi,  •JCNTHf.H,  Cat.  Fishes,  11,  73,  1860;  not  of  Hi.ekker. 

Iiody  ohioug,  compressed,  formed  much  as  in  SeUvna,  covered  with  largo 
cycloid  scales;  head  rather  obtuse;  scales  on  cheeks  very  small;  pro- 
iiuixilliiries  not  produced;  teeth  on  vomer  and  usuall}' on  palatines  also; 
jaws  with  sniiiU canine  teeth;  anterior  nostrils  fringed;  preoperclo  evenly 
curved,  its  edge  finely  serrate.  Soft  purt.s  of  vertical  fins  scaled  at  base. 
I  torsal  rays  11  or  12 ;  caudal  truncate,  (cirrhna,  a  lock  of  hair  or  a  barbel ; 
ri'feiiing  to  the  simple  pectoral  rays.  *) 

(/.  (Jolor  green  witli  irregular  s|iot8  and  curved  band.s  of  dark   brown,  edired  with 

pule  blue.  llIVUI..vns,  1877. 

(Id.  Color  yellowirtli   with  4  conijdeto  oblique  banda  of  black   not  edged  with  blue, 

besides  black  spots;  caudr.'  with  a  B-sbapcd  black  spot.  betaukus,  1878. 

1877.  nilUlflTKS  KIVIIIiATUS,  Valenciennes. 

Head  2s;  depth  3.  D.  X,ll;  A.  111,0;  scales  (i-47-U.  Eye  Gin  head, 
with  opercular  Haj).  Snout  moderate,  compressed,  and  rather  elevated; 
maxillary  extending  to  middle  of  eye;  small  bands  of  villiform  teeth  in 
Jaws,  an  outer  row  of  strong  canine-like  teeth  on  the  sides  of  jaws,  with 
.strong  canines  towards  the  front,  canines  about  f;;  interorbital  space 
(lieply  concav*',  *  in  eye;  a  low  longitudinal  median  crest  on  crown  of 
licad;  ])reopercle  finely  serrate  behind  in  the  young,  entire  in  adult ;  gill 
rakers  very  short  and  thick,  about  5  f-10.  The  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth 
dorsal  spines  longest;  4  in  head,  of  moderate  strength.  Pectoral  very 
broad,  rather  short,  not  reaching  tips  <tf  veutrals,  its  lower  rays  much 
(•wollen.  Second  anal  spine  longer  than  third.  Color  brownish  green, 
with  transverse  dark-brown  spots  and  short  bands,  all  of  which  are  edged 


iiiiirKin  minutely  serrated ;  interior  ridge  very  low.  Outlines  of  operculum  very  irregular ; 
pi isterior  margin  notched,  but  there  .are  no  spines:  interior  margin  waved.  Interoper- 
ciilum  bent,  with  side  joining  suboi)erculuni  emarginate.  Suboperculum  elongated,  with 
posterior  extremity  produced  beyond  operculum.  I'reorbital  broad,  rhomboid.  S])ace 
lietweon  orbits  rattier  narrow  and 'Hat.  Occipital  crest  well  developed,  triangular;  lateral 
nests  scarcely  visible.  Bones  of  humeral  arch  rather  strong,  and  both  the  coracoid 
lioni's  Joined  together  by  a  long  horizontal  stiture.  Lower  extremity  of  radius  provided 
witli  several  peculiar  processes.  Pubic  bones  rather  elongate  and  narrow,  each  of  them 
roriiied  by  three  lainelhe  of  ni^aiiy  c(|ual  development.  Ten  abdominal  and  16  caudal 
vertebra',  length  of  former  jiortion  of  vertebral  c(dumn  being  to  that  of  caudal  as  1 :1.5. 
Neural  and  biemal  spines  of  moderate  length  and  treugth,  each  of  the  internonrals 
dilated.  The  tirst  interhivmal  very  strong,  and  evidently  tormed  by  2 ;  it  has  2  ridges  on 
each  side,  and  a  low  one  anteriorly." 

*  Described  by  Lacepede  as,  "  l)es  harbillons  reunis  par  une  membrane,  et  places  aupres 
<le  la  pectorale,'de  manit^re  it,  representer  imu  nageoire  semblable  il  cette  derniero." 


Mrfl 


filii 


1 


1492         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


with  light  bine;  these  batulH  and  spotH  Hingnlarly  arranged;  2  of  tlii>s«> 
bands  on  the  head,  croHsing  preopercle;  2  others  on  preorbital;  5  on  body 
and  caudal  peduncle,  coniposiKl  of  large,  niont  or  less  continent,  rounilish 
spots,  the  2  below  the  spinous  portion  of  tho  dorsal  terminating  abovo  in 
a  ]Miir  of  large  spots;  caudal  with  simihir  ocelluted  spots,  the  pain  culur 
appearing  lis  reticulations  around  them;  2  largo  ocelli  on  anal;  a  brown 
baud  across  the  inner  side  of  buso  of  pectoral.  I  ength  14  inches.  ('a|)(> 
Han  Lucas  to  the  Galapagos  Islands;  not  rare  about  rocky  islands;  an  in- 
teresting and  curiously  colored  fish.  Hero  described  from  specimens  iVom 
the  Kevillagigcdos;  the  young  unknown,  unless  C  betaiinia  should  be  I  lie 
young  as  has  been  supposed.     {rinilatiiH,  marked  by  rill-like  streaks.) 

Cinliitet  rirtilatui,  ValkN'CIENNES,  Vo.viik"  VOuuh,  ToisH.,  UOO,  jd.  3,  fig.  1,1855,  Galapagos 

Islands. 
Ciriltitichthys  rivulatut,  GCnthbu,  FIhIi  (Jontr.  Am.,  421,  pi.  80,  lig.  4, 1868. 


ii 

^  r 
ji.' 


■  I' 


U  :ri 


ilJ 


:?';^ 


'k-. 


1^  '.;.■ 


M-~': 


1K78.  <:IRRII1TKS  BKTAIJRUS,  Uill. 

Ilead2J;  depths.  1).  X,  11;  A.  111,5.  rrcoperculum  serrated  behind. 
Kyc  (in  young)  SA  in  bead,  equal  to  snout.  Fourth  dorsal  spine  lonffest 
and  equals  ,',  of  the  total  length;  second  anal  spine  largest,  equaling  t  lie 
fourth  dorsal  one;  longest  sott  ray  (5,i  in  total  length;  ciiudal  tin  slightly 
emarginate  and  nearly  .!  of  the  length;  produced  pectoral  ray  rather  e\- 
«'eeding  t^  oI'  the  length,  and  the  ventral  tin  enters  5.V  times  in  the  same. 
Color  pale  yellowish  on  the  body,  blackish  on  the  shoulders  and  rnmi 
the  dorsal  tin  to  the  eyes,  and  with  4  complete,  obli<|ue,  blackish  bunds; 
the  first  under  thtt  middle  of  the  spinous  dorsal,  the  second  under  the  last 
spine,  the  third  under  the  middle  of  the  softMorsal,  and  the  fourth  encir- 
cling the  caudal  peduncle;  head  with  3  lateral  bands,  1  on  the  i>reorbit;il 
region,  a  second  on  the  cheek,  and  third  on  the  posterior  margin  of  tii(> 
preoi»erculum ;  operculum  with  a  longitudinal  oblong  spot;  chin  with  I 
spots  forming  the  angles  of  a  rhomb,  and  there  is  another  one  behind,  on 
the  brauehiostegal  membrane  near  the  margin ;  spinous  dorsal  margined 
with  blackish,  and  the  2  bands  beneath  more  or  less  ascend  on  it;  anal 
blackish;  caudal  with  a  blackish  B-shaped  mark  and  a  band  at  its  base- 
divided  by  the  lateral  line;  ])ectoral  dusky,  with  a  black  spot  at  its  base 
nearly  surrounded  by  a  clear  area,  and  separated  from  a  spot  in  front  of 
the  base;  ventrals  blackish,  with  nearly  transparent  sides  and  margin. 
Rock  jiools  between  tide  marks  about  Capo  San  Lucas  and  Ma/atlan; 
abundant;  a  very  active  and  strikingly  colored  little  fish.  The  largest 
specimens  known  are  2^  inches  long.  The  adult  is  unknown  unless 
Cirrhites  rinilatna  should  prove  to  bo  such.  There  is  no  important  uitl'er- 
ence  in  form  or  structure,  but  the  coloration  of  the  two  is  very  ditt'erent, 
and  suggests  that  the  two  are  distinct  .species.  {fiffZiX,  the  letter  B ;  oiyjcr, 
tail.) 

Girrhitet  betayus,  GlLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nnt.Sci.  Phila.  1862,  25i),  Cape  San  Lucas  (Coll.  John 
Xaulus) ;  youug,  of  IJ  inches. 


Jordan  and  Rvcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1403 


Suborder  IIOLCONOTI. 
(The  Suef-fishks.) 

W«;  recogni/o  tho  HiDgiilai*  taiiiily  of  /wnbiofueir/o' uh  coiiHtitiitiOK  ii  <l>^- 
tiiict  groii])  ur  Hiibordor  ullied  to  the  VctvoUUh  ou  thu  one  baud  aiid  to  tho 
rlitirynyoyHathi  on  the  otlier,  hut  without  very  (dose  athuitieH  with  eitlicr. 
Tlie  HtructuroH  couuected  with  the  viviparous  habit,  tho  united  pluiryu- 
ucals,  iucroaaed  number  of  vertebra',  double  noHtrils,  perfect  k'"*>  ""•! 
many  raya  in  th«'  HoftdorHal  aud  anal,  together  with  the  uuarnicd  boni'H  of 
t lie  head,  constitute  the  chief  churautcr  of  the  Hohonoti.  (uA;<i»g,  groove; 
;(Jro?,  back.) 

Family  CLVII.     KMBIOTOCIIU:.* 

(TnK  SriJK-FiisiiKs.) 

IJody  ovate  or  oblong,  compressed,  covenul  with  cycloid  scales  of  ujod- 
erate  size.  Cheeks,  operculum,  and  iuteroperculum  scaly;  lat«'ral  line 
( uutinuous,  running  high,  without  abrupt  llexure,  not  extending  on  the 
cMudal  Hn;  head  rather  short ;  mouth  small,  terminal;  Jaws  with  conical 
or  compressetl  teeth  of  moderate  or  small  si/e,  in  1  or  2  series;  teeth 
wanting  in  1  genus  {Neoditrema) ;  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines;  no 
canines;  lower  pharyngeals  united,  without  suture,  their  teeth  eonieal  or 
paved;  upper  jaw  freely  protractile;  lips  full,  the  lower  either  forming  a 
lice  border  to  the  jaw  or  else  attached  by  a  freniim  at  th*>  symphysis; 
maxillary  short,  without  supplemental  bone,  6li])ping  for  most  or  all  of  its 
length  under  the  preorbital;  opercular  Ixmes  entire;  branchiostegals  <J 
( or  5) ;  gill  rakers  usually  slender ;  gill  openings  wide,  the  membranes  free 
Irom  the  isthmus  or  very  slightly  connected;  pseudobranchiie  present; 
•;ills  4,  a  slit  behind  the  fourth;  nostrils  round;  the  o]ienings  2  on  each 
side;  dorsal  iin  single,  long,  with  8  to  18  usually  slender  spines,  which 
are  depressible  in  a  groove ;  a  sheath  of  scales  along  the  base  of  the  ante- 
rior part  of  soft  dorsal  and  posterior  part  of  spinous  dorsal;  this  sheath 
separated  by  a  furrow  from  the  scales  of  tho  body;  anal  Iin  elongate 
with  3  moderate  or  small  spines  and  15  to  35  slender  soft  rays,  its  form  and 
structure  uiiferiug  in  the  two  sexes;  ventral  tins  thoracic,  I,  5;  pectorals 
moderate;  caudal  forked;  oviduct  <vpening  behind  the  vent,  the  two 
apertures  always  distinctly  separated;  air  bladder  large,  simple;  no 
pyloric  ca>ca;  vertebrae  13  to  19+11)  to  23  =  32  to  42.  Viviparous.  Tlie 
young  are  hatched  within  the  body,  where  thoy  remain  closely  packed  in 
a  sac-like  enlargement  of  the  oviduct  analogous  to  the  uterus  until  born. 
Tbestt  fa^tal  fishes  bear  at  tirst  little  resemblance  to  the  parent,  being 
ilosely  compressed  aud  having  the  vertical  fins  exceedingly  elevated.  At 
birth  they  are  from  1 J  to  2|  inches  in  length,  and  similar  to  the  adult 
in  appearance,  but  more  compressed  aud  red  in  color.  Since  the  announce- 
ment of  their  viviparous  nature  by  Prof.  Louis  Agassiz,  in  1853  and  by 


;■> 


tho 


'  For  an  account  of  tbo  genera  aud  species  of  Embiotoeidw  and  a  detailed  doscTiption  or 


devolopnii'Ut  of  Ci/mafnganter  aggrfgatua,  see  Kigenniaiin,  ou  the  Viviparous  l"'i»lies 
•t  tbe  Pacilic  Coast  of  Kortii  America,  Bull.  U.  S.  rish  Comm.  1892  (1894),  381-478. 


it 


mm 


I*, 


t'> 


m'-^'^ 


149-t  Bullclin  ^7,  Uuitcd  States  National  Museum. 

Dr.  William  P.  Giltbons  in  1851,  these  iishes  have  been  objects  of  spncin] 
interest  to  /.oologiHts.  I'MHht's  of  the  PftciJir  roust  of  North  America  iiilin  li- 
lting bays  and  the  unrf  on  saiuly  beaches.  One  species  ( llynterocarpiia  IrusLi ) 
inhabits  fresh  waters;  '.i  others  (IHtrema  temmincki,  Ditvnna  Hniittii,  ami 
Neoditrema  ranionneii)  are  found  in  Japan.  ThcNespecieN  reach  a  lon^tli  oi 
from  fi  to  18  inches,  and  are  very  abundant  where  foutid.  They  are  nun  h 
used  for  food,  but  the  ilcsh  is  coni))arativoly  poor,  tasteless,  and  bony. 
Most  of  them  feed  on  crustacca,  but  1  genus  {Abcona)  is  partly  or  whullv 
herbivorous.    Genera  17;  species  about  20. 

llYSTBHOrAKPINi*; : 

I.  SpiiiouH  (lorHiil  ]oni;^r  tlion  tlio  soft  part,  of  16  to  IK  Hpiucs;  Hecoiul  aiiul  Hpini'  ili. 

largt'st.    ViTtobrai  14  |  20^   :i4. 
a.  Scales  largo:  tcojh  inodcrato,  roniral,  in  '.  series;  lower  lip  withniit  I'roiimu 
about  1*2  of  the  inrdiiiin  ])OHt(Tiiir  torlli  of  pharviigeaU  large,  all  but  tli' 
median  :i  of  tboso  obliquuly  truucato  uiuluru,  the  rest  siiiall;  gill  rakn-i 
short,  Hlender,  6  |  12.  Hystekocaiu'Cs,  fj'.tfi. 

EMniOTOriN;K: 

II.  SpiiiotiH  ilorsal  shorter  than  the  soft  pnrt, fi  to  11  spines;  anni  spiiio.s  graduated. 

b.  Teeth  iiici.ior-liko,  most  of  tlieni  obtusely  3-lobed;  lower  lip  with  a  iinirow 
frenuiii;  outer  seritm  of  pliaryngcal  teeth  small,  oonic ;  the  rest  (al)oul  :!'.') 
large  niohirs  closely  appressed:  anal  liasis  below  7  caudal  vertebra';  sciili's 
large;  gill  rakers  long, slender,  0  +  14;  sixth  dorsal  spine  higliest:  niiili' 
with  a  deep  depression  at  the  base  of  anterior  anal  rays;  a  gland  lielow 
middle  of  the  depression;  veriobrio  14 -H 20.^=34;  herbivorous,  feediiiL; 
largely  on  Tlva.  Adbona,  bW. 

66.  Teeth  entire,  usually  bluntly  conic. 

c.  Scales  large,  36  to  50  in  lateral  lino;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  sliortish;  si/i- 
small. 
d.  Lower  lip  thin,  without  fronuni;  vertebrir  14  f  20- -34;  gill  rakei-s 
long,  slender,  10  i  'Jl ;    base  (d' anal  below  li;  caudal  vertebrir; 
central  and  posterior  pharyngeid  teeth  blunt  nudars. 

CVMATOOASTER,  1)00. 

dd.  Lower  lip  thin,  with  a  narrow  frenuni;  vertebra*  34. 

e.  Head  slender  and  pointed:  gill  rakers  rather  slender;   l)o(ly 

rather  elongate,  not  greatly  compressed;  dors.il  r.iys  \'1 1 1, 

15.  Hracmyistil'.s  .fi(U. 

ee.  Head  rather  deep  and  not  pointed;  gill  rakers  thickisli:  Ixuly 

deep  conipres.sed;  dorsal  I'ays  X,  18.  Zalemhii'S,  (id'J. 

ce.  Scales  comparatively  small,  (iO  to  75  in  biteral  lino. 

/.  Teeth  in  each  jaw  in  2  series;  nuilo  with  1  of  the  anterior  rayb  of 
the  anal  transfonned  into  a  triangular  plate,  the  anal  base  form- 
ing a  dei^ided  angle  at  thici  point,  the  rays  in  front  of  it  with  a 
thick  covering  of  skin ;  pharyngeal  teeth  mostly  small,  ironic, 
only  a  few  in  the  last  2  series  enlarged,  some  of  these  sumetiuu's 
truncate  molars. 
g.  Lower  lip  without  a  frenum ;  vertebne  32  to  35. 

h.  Gill  rakers  very  long,  slender  and  tapering,  23  to  29;  aniil 
basis  below  12  to  14  caudal  vertebra;;  body  much  com. 
pressed. 
i.  Anal  comparatively  short,  its  rays  III,  23. 

Hypocritichthts,  COS. 

ii.  Anal  long,  its  rays  III,  29  to  .32;  eye  very  large ;  yvo- 

rtle  depressed  above  nape.     Hypekprosopo-n,  6ii4 

hh.  Gill  rakers  moderate,  blunt  and  stout,  6  f  11;  anpl  basis 

below  11  caudal  vertebra;;  body  less  compressed. 

HOLCONOTl'S,  605. 


Jordiiu  and  livcrmann. — Jushis  of  North  .Inuriia.     1495 


j/j/.  Lower  lip  nttncliod  Ity  ii  liroiiil  fn'nuiii;  vertchni'  lit  +  lOj  ^111 
rnkoi-H  Hlioi't,Htout,  blunt,  5+  11;  aniil  ImniH  bolow  10  'ttii- 
(lal  vcrtobrir.  AMi-illHTIcilt'H,OUO. 

//.  'IVotli  111  II  niiiKle  BtTitiH  In  oncli  Jiiw. 

j.  DoiititforonH  mirfiifo  of  lower  |ihiiryni;uitl  Hut  or  concavn. 

k.  AlMloiiiitiol  voi'telii'ii)  in  to  IT)  only,  tint  iiIhIoiiumi  iiiiioli 
HliortiT  tliiin  the  Itiise  of  tlie  Ioiik  aiiitl  tlii;  anterior  nnil 
lateral  pliarynKoal  toetli  hiiiiiH,  coiiii%  tlio  ni<Mllan  and 
poHlerior  oiK^M  lar^e,  tniiieate  inoliirH;  inaleH  with  ii 
kIiiihI  on  aoiiie  of  tiie  anterior  anal  rnyr*,  tlie  anal  ImihIb 
without  angle,  none  of  the  ruyi*  luoilitlud  to  form  »  dell- 
nito  |iliito. 
{.  liower  lip  tbiii,  noniml,  entire,  with  a  freniim. 

m.  Vertelirii'  l4  |  18  or  19;  anal  liasiH  lielow  0  onnilal 
vertehrif;  tlriit  liienial  H|iiiie  Hniall,  appliud  to 
the  Hoeond.  KMiiioroCA,  (lit7. 

mm.  Vei'tobra-  14  or  15  t  '1\  to  21;  nnal  biifiiH  beUiw 
11   or  more  eaiidal    vertebra-;    tliHt    lueinal 
H))ine  im  long  im  HOeond,  soiuetiiueH  approxi- 
mated to  the  second, 
n.  Caudal  peduncle  xbort  and  deop;  caudal  not 
deojily  forked.  T^INIOTOCA,  008. 

nn.  Caudal  iiedinutle  long  and  xlendor,  little  coin- 
])re8Hod ;  caud:il  dee]dy  forked . 

I'ltANKKOnON,  000. 

II.  Lower  lip  without  afronuin,  very  thick,  lobedoriiu^ised 
behind;  gill  rakem  long;  vertebra' 14 -f  22  -  3fl. 

UHAoonuLrs,  010. 
itit.  Abdominal  vertebra^  17,  raiidal  10;  abdomen  very  long, 
much  longer  than  tlie  baHO  of  the  short  anal  tin ;  lipH 
large,  entire,  the  hiwer  with  a  froniiiii ;  gill  rakers Hlen- 
der,  short,  7  i  lit;  anterior  and  lateral  teeth  of  pharyn- 
geals flniall,  bluntly  conic  ;  a  triangular  jiosterior  patch 
of  larger  toi'th,  all  but  the  posterior  row  truncate,  the 
posterior  row  conic.  HvpsrHt's,  OIL 

jj.  Dentigoroiis  surface  of  lower  pharyngeals  arched,  the  anterior 
teeth  much  -nv  orn,  tbo  posterior  not  at  all ;  cutting  surface  of 
anterior  t«!etli  llatteiicd,  that  of  the  posterior  teeth  not  faced; 
teeth  of  the  upper  pbarynsicals  similar  to  those  of  the  lower 
pharyngeals,  but  the  posterior  teeth  of  the  up])er  pharyn- 
geal applied  to  the  anterior  of  the  lower  pbarj'iigeal  (the 
posterior  teeth  above  roscinbling  the  anterior  teeth  below; 
the  antt^rior  above,  the  jiosterior  below) ;  lips  thin,  normal, 
with  a  freuiim ;  gill  rakers  slender.         Damalichtiiys,  612. 


1 

i  t 
I 


it 

II 


598.  HYSTEROCARPUS,  Gibbons. 


Ifytterocarpua,  Gibbons,  Daily  I'lacer  Times  and  Transcript,  May  18, 1854,  and  in  Proc.  Ac. 

Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1854, 124  {traski). 
HargotomuH  (AoASsiz  MS.)  Alexandek  Ahassiz,   Proc.  Host.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  1861,  128 

(fluviatilit). 
Dacentrus,  Jordan,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  iv,  667,  1878  {Incens). 

Body  ovate,  the  back  strongly  elevated  and  convex ;  head  small,  the  snout 
projecting;  mouth  small,  with  1  series  of  rather  large,  bluntly  conical 
teeth;  the  jaws  about  equal;  lips  not  much  enlarged,  the  lower  forming 
a  free  border,  without  frennm;  gill  rakers  moderate,  widely  set;  branchi- 


1490  Utilletin  47,  United  Staks  National  Museum. 


H- 


uHtct;alNr>;  scales  rattier  Iarf;<-,  Hilvory ;  HpinoiiH  dorHuI  very  loii);,  ofalMiiit 
1((  H|tiiie8,  bi^heHt  at  the  llt'tli  or  HixMi,  tlieiice  Kradnally  HliorU'iu-d  «>ai  h 
way,  tliu  laHtsitiiutH  heiii^  shorter  than  tlie  Holt  rays;  anal  HpintHNtron^iM 
than  hi  tlie  other  ^oiieru,  curved,  tlio  Necoiul  Npiiie  hein^  hiii^ttr  and 
Htroii^er  than  the  first  and  third,  wliich  uro  noarly  equal;  Hol't  rayHofatial 
20  to  2:i  in  nuiiiher,  the  anterior  Hiniply  artieulate<l.  Fn-Hh  watern  <d'('al 
it'ornia  ;  a  most  reiiiarkuhle  geniiH,  with  aaiu^le  known  BpccicH.  (rdrt/xi. 
wonih;  Hitfjnoi;,  fruit.) 

1M7».  IIYSTKK04  AKIM'S  TRASKI,  CiUlmim. 

Head:{A;  depth2.  I).  XVI  to  XVIII,  11;  A.  111,22;  lateral  line  10.  Hndy 
oval,  eoniproBHed;  doral  outline  strongly  ronvox;  ventral  eurve  less  tlian 
that  of  the  hark;  lioadHinall;  Hnont  bluntly  ooiiic;  profile  from  Hnout  to 
occiput  concave;  month  Hniall,  oblii|ue;  maxillary  not  reaching  orbit; 
low«'r  Jaw  included;  lateral  line  fitllowing  Ihr  curve  of  the  back;  dorsiil 
Mpines  rather  high,  the  fourth  to  seventh  highest,  the  others  gradually 
lower  each  way,  the  last  spine  shorter  than  the  soft  rays;  anal  spines 
strongly  curved;  cheeUs  with  .'<  rows  of  large  scales.  Males  above  dark 
brown,  sides  yellowish  or  olivaceous,  with  fine  black  dots;  throat  and 
belly  golden  yellow ;  females  olivaceous  darker  above,  with  black  blotches 
on  sides  in  irregular  transverse  bars.  Rivers  of  Central  California,  chiclly 
in  the  Sacramento  Valley,  from  Lake  County  to  Hanta  Clara  County ;  locally 
abundant.  (Named  for  Dr.  J.  B.  Trask,  of  Han  Francisco,  who  sent 
specimens  to  Dr.  (Ubbon:).) 

llysttroearput  traski,  OiniioNs,  I'roc.  Ar.  Nat.  Soi.  Phlln.  18!)4,  10r>,  lagoons  of  the  tower 
Sacramento  River  (L'dll.  Dr.  .1.  H.  TiiihIc);  (iIIiaiid,  l".  S.  I'licilic  11.  li.  Survey,  x,  l!Mi, 
pi.  20,  lig.  14,  18.58;  (U)NTHEii,  Cat.,  iv,  251,  IH02;  JoiiiMN  &'  (iiLUEHT,  Synoiwiit,  5H7, 
18H.Ti  KlOR.NM.VNN  &.  Ui.BEV,  Hull.  t'.  S.  KIhIi  (.'oiiini.  1802,;ill0. 

Sargosomui  fluviatilis  (AoAS.siz  MS.)  Ai.EX.VNUKB  xVoAs.siz,  Pioc.  Host.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist., 
vin,  1861,  130,  Sacramento  River. 

DacentniHliicrnii,  Jokdan,  Hull.  1'.  S.  (Jeol,  .Surv.,  iv,  807, 1878,  Sacramento  River;  erroiic- 
ouHly  ascribed  tu  tho  iUo  Griiiulu. 


■f: 

i.. 


■1     V 


599.  ABEONA,  fiirard. 

Micrometrus*^,  fJiHnoxs,  Daily  ri.icer  TiincH  iiiul  TranHcriiit,  May  ;iO,  18,>1  {aijftreijalut 

and  minimttH). 
.t6«oiia,  GnuiiD.  I'roc.  .\c.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  185.'),  322  (tnmhriihjii     iniiitun). 

Body  ovate  or  oblong,  compressed;  head  moderate;  mouth  small;  the 
jaws  about  equal;  lips  rather  thin,  the  lower  with  a  narrow  frennin; 
teeth  in  one  principal  series,  besides  which  are  often  1  or  2  other  teeth, 
stent,  somewhat  compressed,  and  incisor-like;  all  or  most  of  the  teeth  H- 
lobed;  gill  rakers  very  slender,  of  moderate  length;  lower  pharyngeals 
scarcely  concave  behind ;  the  outer  teeth  small,  conic,  tho  rest  largo  nmlars 
closely  appressed;  scales  large.     Dorsal  fin  short  and  high;  the  spines 

*  MiKpdt,  Hniall'  fieTfiov,  measure. 

1  Equivalent  to  I'limatonanter,  Oiltlions,  Mav  18,  1.854.  liielndinK  the  same  species;  ic 
stricted  to  ininhntm  by  Alexander  Agassiz,  1861;  a  restriction  perhaps  not  allowable,  as 
2{icrometruH  was  uu  exact  synonym  of  Cymatoija»ter. 


Jordan  and  I'lvtrmann.  -'Fislus  of  North  America,      1407 


robuHt;  tho  luitMlo  ouch  hi^liost  and  nitlior  higlier  than  tlio  Noft  raya;  anal 
I'm  Hlioi'tund  th'Mp,  btdow  7  randal  vcrtt'hni',  witli  strong  NpinoH;  nitilo  with 
;i  d<-*q)  dopruHHiou  at  Iiiiho  of  anttM'iiir  iiiial  I'uyH,  a  gland  bolow  niiddh>  uf 
the  duproHHion;  v«)rtol>rii'  (J.  ^HiHi'md)  1  l-f -'•!'••  Spocion  of  Nniall  Hize; 
jiartly  of  whidly  horhivorontj,  living  in  rock  pools  and  fi>«-ding  on  H«;a- 
\m-<(Ih      Coloration  variugatud.    (A  coined  name  witlnnit  meaning.) 

tt    Dorxiil  rn.Vrt  l.\,  tl;  anu!  Ill,  l<i;  hIiIch  uitli  ii  tliiskv  liuiiil,  Im'hIiIi'h  iliirk  itdhs  liiirH 

Itllll  H|)<ltH.  MINIMA,  IHHU. 

,(((    Diii'Hiil  ruNH  I  X,  17;  uiiiil  III.'.'O;  II  •lill'iiMu  littorid  hIiiuIimiI'iii'uokx  l>t'xi*l<'''*  <l'0'k  <li>tH 
aud  HhudvB i  u  ilitik  UNillitry  blolcli.  AUituUA,  1881. 

INHO.  ABKONA  MINIMA  ((lihlmtiH). 

Mead  '^\\  depth  2.  D.  IX,  II;  A.  MI,  H);  Hcales  4-15-12.  Hody  oval, 
I  .>mpresHed,  with  thick  Hhort  caudal  pcdunclo  ami  very  short  head.  I'ro- 
lilr  moderately  depressed  above  the  eyes.  SpinoiiH  dorsal  rapidly  rising 
to  tho  llfth  or  sixth  spino,  thonce  gradually  dos(;ending;  Hpinoiis  ilornal 
lii;;htir  than  soft  ])art,  the  last  spine  as  high  as  lirst  soft  ray;  pectiiruls 
not  reaching  as  far  as  ventrals,  which  reach  about  to  the  front  of  anal; 
third  anal  spine  not  nnuh  longer  than  second ;  highest  dorsal  spine  oqnaln 
snout  and  eye;  third  anal  spino  3  in  head;  pec';oral  I,', ;  origin  of  ventral 
spine  about  the  width  of  a  scale  liehiiid  the  vertical  from  pectoral  bauo. 
Clieeks  with  scales  in  2.J  series.  Color  greenish  above  with  bluish  rellec- 
tions,  thickly  dusted  with  black  dots;  an  irregular  longitudinal  black 
liand  along  axis  of  body,  and  2  vortical  dark  bars  downward  from  base  of 
ilorsal  tin  on  which  they  appear  as  blotches;  sides  often  with  much  light 
yellow;  axil  of  pectoral  black;  vontrals  and  anal  tipped  with  bla(^k. 
Length  (J  inches.  San  Francisco  to  San  Diego;  rather  common;  the 
Hiiiallcst  of  tho  family.     (nuntniHs,  smallest.) 

Ciimatogaster  miniiint/i,  (linnoN.s,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.Sci.  riiiln.  1854,12.'),  San  Francisco  Bay. 
Iliileimotut  trowhridgii,  (iIKAUD,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  S(^i.  Pliila.  18.'>4,  l.Vi,  no  locality  ;;ivon. 
Ahetitia  Irov'hridgii,  OlUAUD,  IT.  S.  P.  R  R.  Snrv.,  x,  Fidhim,  186,  pi.  34,  tigs.  O-IO,  IR.IS. 
Abcona  minima,  Joudan  &.Gii.ueut,  Synopsis,  5,S7,  1883;  Eiuknmann  &.  ULnEv,  i.e., 398. 


ISNl.  ABE(»\A  ArROKA,  .Ionian  \  (iilburt. 

Headl;  depth  2J.  D.IX,  17;  A.  Ill;  20;  lateral  lino  45.  Body  elongate, 
with  a  very  huig  and  rather  thick  caudal  peduncle.  Head  transversely 
very  convex  above,  an<l  with  a  blunt  snout.  Mouth  small,  oblique;  max- 
illary reaching  but  J  tho  distance  to  front  of  orbit.  Spinous  dorsal  with 
the  fifth  to  tho  ninth  spines  highest,  and  about  e(iual  to  tho  longest  soft 
ray.  Caudal  forked  for  nearly  i  its  length.  Scales  on  cheeks  in  3  di.s- 
tinct  series.  Color  bluish  black  above,  becoming  lighter  on  sides  and 
silvery  below.  Opercles  and  lower  i  of  sides  punctate  with  black  dots 
and  shaded  with  light  orange,  the  latter  more  intense  on  the  centers  of 
the  scales  and  forming  a  diffuse  lateral  band ;  a  broad  grayish  streak  back- 
ward from  pectorals  to  opposite  origin  of  anal,  this  streak  without  orange 
tint  and  with  tho  margins  of  the  scales  dark  by  aggregation  of  black 
points;  young  specimens  with  the  bright  la1;eral  shade  more  distinct,  and 
3030 17 


R 


1498  Biilhlin  47,  United  States  National  I\fnseum, 


nmy  iiiHtt'iid  of  «triinf;<s  (hin  ninrkml  with  inoro  or  I<>nh  lilitrkinli,  i\w  iiiuil 
witli  Hoiiio  yellowiHli;  a  coiiHitinKiiiii  Itlark  triuii^iilur  blotch  in  th«t  iixiini 
tho  |UM'toml.  Jieii|{th  7  imlirH.  Moiituroy  Ituy,  (  ulirorniii;  locitlly  uliiin- 
(hint  ill  rock  ponlH;  not  HccnclHcwIioro;  (cedHiipon  Viva.  (aHroni,  HiiniiHt*  1 

Ahtima  aurura,  •FoliDAN  >V  Oii.iibht.  Troc.  U.H.  Nnt.  Mum.  IHHo,  -Jui),  Monterey  Bay  ((Jull 
.lonliin  tV  Uilltdrt),  Jokdan  it  (iILMKBT,  8yu(>]miit,  r>HM,  18HJ. 


I 


600.  CYMATOOASTER,  (iilthoiiH. 

Oiimatoi/a»ttr,'  OiitnoNH,  Daily  I'liuer  Tinum  uiiil  TruiiHci-i|il,  Mk.v  1H,  IhM  (aijijieijain.s 

mill  iiiiiiiiniin). 
Mlcromi-lriin,  (iiiwxoVH.Vioc.  Cnl.  Ac.  8<ii.,  In  l>nlly  I'liufr  TIiikh  uiul  'rriniBCrlpI,  Mm 

IIU,  lH5't  (ai/>/c<','/r(/if«  itiiil  Kii'di'm"  V). 
MttioijiiMtir  (AiiAHhi/,  MS.)  Al.K.\AMiKit  .\<ia8hi/,,  I'rcx;.  IIohIoii  fum.  Niit.  UlHt.,  Vlii,  iHtil, 

128,  and  {(iijiiirj/atiiH). 
.S'cwo,  .IniiiiAN,  Hull.  r.  M.  Oool.  8nrv.,  IV,  390,  1878  (niyni/er;  Ittciwi' willi  very  lii^li  vcr 

ticul  Ihm  iinil  rIoHcly  t'oniproxHrd  Imdy). 

nndy  olli])tical,  obh)nft,  coinprcHHiMl ;  hoad  conic;  month  aniall,  ol)li(|n<', 
tlio  lowcrjaw  HJightly  Hhortcr;  lipn  thin,  tho  lower  without  t'runnni;  tcctli 
Hniail,  conittal,  rathcrniiniuroUH,  in  1  HuiicH.  (jill  rakoru moderate,  Hlcnchtr; 
scah-H  comparatively  lar;;o;  dornal  HpinttH  ratiicr  hi^h,  Hoino  of  tho  midilli' 
oncH  iiighoHt,  tho  poatcrior  not  ho  hi^h  aH  tlie  Hoft  rayn;  tho  Hol't  dorsiil 
Hhortenod;  anal  nioduratts  with  MOak  Hpiiios;  caiulal  forked;  [diary n^cais 
normal,  the  teotli  mostly  conic,  the  central  and  poaterior  teeth  mohir; 
vertebra'  14-|-20^;U.  CarnivoroiiH  species  of  small  size,  abounding  on 
uaudy  or  muddy  Hhorea.     {Hvfia,  fietus;  yadvi/fj,  belly.) 


I' 


1SS3.  CYMATfXaSTKK  AIJOKKIJATIIS,  (iibbonH. 

(SrAKAllA;    ViVIPAUOl'S   PKUCII.) 

Head  3i;  depth  2^.  D.  IX,  20;  A.  Ill,  23;  scales  3-38-11.  Hody  elon- 
gate-oval, compressed,  heaviest  ut  the  front  of  the  dorsal;  caudal  ptMliin- 
cle  short  and  slend'3r;  head  short;  teeth  very  sniall,  conical,  ',;  ;  <lor,siil 
spines  high  and  rather  feeble,  rising  rapidly  to  the  fifth,  thence  slowly 
descending,  the  last  lower  than  the  soft  rays;  pectorals  reaching  past  tijts 
of  vcntrals,  which  do  not  reach  ntiarly  to  vi^nt;  third  anal  spine  the  long 
est,  shorter  than  soft  rays;  ventral  spine  situated  about  2  scales  behind 
the  vertical  from  the  l»a«e  of  the  jiectoral.  Cheeks  with  S  rows  of  Hcalcs 
Gill  rakers  short  and  slender,  about  18  below  angle.  Silvery,  back  dusky ; 
middle  of  sides  anteriorly  with  the  scah^s  each  with  a  cluster  of  dark 
points,  these  forming  a  series  of  longitudinal  stripes,  which  extend  to 
opposite  the  base  of  the  anal;  these  stripes  are  interrupted  by  3  verticil! 
light-yellow  bars,  on  which  are  no  black  specks  in   the  adult,  t    Adiill 


*  Tho  nanus  Cfimatotjatler  wii^  lirHt  applied  by  Dr.  Gibbons  t<»  2  HpocieH,  aiigiriialKn 
and  Nunimtr.f.  81iorlly  altorwards  Dr.  (tilibons' truiiHt'i-rrud  tlio  name  (U/uiatoifaiitfr  to 
J fukunutiit,  givina  n  in'AV  name  Micrometnis  to  aggreijaUm  and  minimux.  Still  Inter, 
Girard  {;av«  the  name  Abeona  to  ininimuii  and  A gansiz  frnvo  tliti  name  M'^rogMtcr  lit 


aggreyatus.    In  1802  Gill  restored  the  iiaino  t'l/matoganter  to  aggregaUm,  nn  aifangpiiicnl 
k^uicu  slionld  pndiably  Htand. 
tFor  an  t'xcinient  dotniled  ncrount  of  tho  dovrlopmcnt  of  tbiH  spitciea  see  Eigonmuuii, 


wuicu  should  pndiably  Htand. 
tFor  an  «'xctdlent  d«itniled  a 
Bull.  U.  S.  l-'ibli  C'omiu.  lor  18U2,  412-478. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1199 


tiiiiloH  in  Nprlii^  uliiiuHt  fiitli'fl.v  Itliwk.     ].t«ii)(th  0  iii«-h«tH.     Pacilir  Coimt, 
Umii  Fort  \VruiiK«*l.  Aliiska  lo  TotloH  SaiitoH  Hay,  l.owor  ('alifuriiiu;  tvoiy- 
ulioru  t^xt-etMiiii^ly  nliiiiHliiiit  in  Handy  ur  nunUly  HhallowM,  tiuil  ubont  tlio 
uliarves.     («i>///rf(/'«'"«,  «'i<»w»UmI  to;;rtliei'.) 
('iiiiiiitiMjiiiit0r  oinfiriiahiii,  (iniiioNH,  Itully  I'liit't-r 'I'linrM  uiiil 'l'riinm'ri|it,  May  IH,  1851,  San 

I'ranciHcoi  (inuiONs,  I'iih  .  Ai'.  Niil.  Sri.  I'liila.  l^rit,  lil6;   KiiiKNMANN  \    I'litKV,  (  e., 

;iU7;    Kli'RHMANN,  Itllll.  I'.S.  rUli  ('0111111,  IHIC:  (IHIM),  401. 

.l/i.'r»iH<''i'"i  rt,'/.'/i<',7"'"*,  <iinin>NH,  Hiiilv  I'liK'cr 'riiiit'it  mill  'rriii)Nrri|)i,  Mm,v  :i(»,  lHr>t;  (iui. 

lliiNH,  I'lor.  Ac.   Nut.  Mil.  rilllll.  1M.")4,   li;.'!;  .luUDAN  \  (JIMIKIII,  S.\  IKipMin,  MMI. 

.s.iitii  «if/fi(/'''r,  JoltDAN,  Hull  IIiivili'iiH  (iool.  Siit'v  ,  IN,  :il)t),  1M7X,  Kiu  Grande,  Browna- 
ville,  Texaa;  nn  urrur,  llii>  ty|H'M  IiiivIhk  really  I'lmu'  I'mmii  San  FrunciHco. 

\htio(iaMlir  liiifolnliig  (AiiA)'hi/  mh.j,  .\i,k.\aniiki(  AnA.iul/',  I'rui'.  lioal.  Sue.  Nut.  IlUt., 
vni.  IHOI,  121).  San  Franc  jico. 

Iiiininaaiij/n'ijatum,  UlNTnuit,  (.'ul.,  iv,  218. 

601.  BRACHYISTIUS,  (till 

llnichyittiitM,  (iiM.,  Prim.  Ai'.  Nat.  Sil.  IMilla.  IHII'J,  'Sir>  {fienatiit). 

Kody  olon^rato,  conipruHHod,  witli  ion^  <;aiuliil  pednnidc^  and  Hlondur 
piiinti'd  Nnuut;  month  vuiy  Hinull,  witli  ont^  row  of  lilnntiMli  tttetli;  l<>\vi;r 
lip  tbin,  tMitiro,  with  a  IVonnni;  )i\\\  r»i<*-rH  rather  Hlendrr.  I'harviifroalH 
c^Honlially  aH  in  V>jmato<jaHUr.  ScaloH  hirK«.  Vorliral  (inw  very  Hhurt. 
.Small curnivoninHHUocios,  living  on  Handy  HhuroH.  {/J/juxOi,  Hhuit;  iOrioy, 
Huil,  or  dtM'Hal  lin.) 

1SH».  IIBACIIVISTHM  I'UKN.iTlIM,  (iill. 

Iload  :{J;  dopth  W.  1).  VIII,  15;  A.  Ill,  22;  lateral  lino  10.  Hody  ohm- 
;^':itu,  ctMnpruHHud,  ntgnlarly  ulliptical,  with  :i  Hiendcr  pointed  head  and  a 
Ion;;;  tuudal  |)0<lnnclu;  pndile  much  doprt-HHod  over  the  ey«>H,  the  Hnont 
projcctini;.  Month  very  sniall,  obli(|ni',  nnixillary  not  roachiug  orbit. 
Ciicrks  with  2  rowH  of  Hcales.  Dorual  spincH  very  lonj;  and  rather 
strong,  th(«  Hixth  and  Hoventh  the  lougeut  and  a  littb-  longer  than  tint  Hoft 
niyH.  Candal  rather  deeply  forked.  («ill  rakcra  sl«;nder,  rather  long. 
Color  «lark  olive  brown  above,  rach  Hcale  withadarkHpot  at  baw,  followed 
liv  a  light  mark;  below  bright  light  copprry  red;  each  H<'ale  with  a  blue 
N|M)t  anil  dark  ])nnctnlntionH;  head  colored  like  the  body;  linH  all  light 
itMldiHh.  Length  8  inclu'H.  V^ancoiiver  lalaml  totSandalupc;  locally  very 
iibnntlant,  eHpecially  northward  In  shallow  water,     (freiiatitx,  biidled.) 

UnichiiinHiii/rmahiit,  On.i.,  Vrw.  Ac  Nal.Stl.  I'liilii.  1802,  275,  California  coast. 
I>itrriiui  hnvipintu;  GONrMKit,  ('at.,  IV,  248, 1802,  Esquimault  Harbor,  Vancouver  Island. 
]licroiiu'tru»/renatu»,  Jouuan  &  Uilueut,  Sjuoimis,  58U,  1883. 

602.  ZALEMBIUS,  Jordan  <!k  Kvermann. 
/.ideinbiut,  Jordan  &-  Evkrmann,  Check- List,  403,  1800  {rotaeettt). 

ThiB  geuns  agrees  in  most  respects  with  lirachjihtius,  btit  the  body  and 
lica<l  are  deep  and  compres.sed,  the  candal  pednucle  short,  and  the  vertical 
llns  are  longer  than  in  liraclnjisiiuH.  The  single  species  inhabits  waters  of 
(!onsiderable  depth,  50  fathoms  or  more,  being  the  only  member  of  the 
family  not  couflned  to  the  shori'S,  most  of  them  living  in  the  snrf  in  very 
shallow  watess.  (XdXtf,  snrgcs  of  the  sea;  i/tifiioi,  life  within,  the  root 
word  of  Embiotoca. ) 


Ji" 


,!'.(■'■  •■■r^T^^-Htr*,  ■■- ■ 


1500  Bulletin  </y,  United  States  National  Museum, 


\L^  %  i 


18H4.  ZALKHUIUM  ROKACKIIH  (Jordan  &  UillxTt) 

Head  3jl;  dopth  2\.  D.  X,  IK,:  A.  Ill,  20;  Hcalea  f>-50-16.  Body  obloiii; 
ovate,  dcepeHt  at  the  shoulders,  the  iirofile  thence  to  the  occiput  couvc\, 
the  occipital  and  interorbital  region  considerably  depressed;  body  taper- 
ing backward  from  the  shoulders  into  a  short  and  slender  caudal  pedundi'. 
Head  small,  thick,  the  snout  blunt.  Mouth  comparatively  large,  littlf 
obIiqu«>.  the  lo'ver  jaw  iucluded;  maxillary  slightly  passing  the  verti(;il 
from  the  front  of  the  orbit;  premaxillary  anteriorly  on  a  level  with  the 
inferior  margin  of  the  pupil.  Eye  very  large,  its  diameter  about  \ 
the  length  of  the  head;  interorbital  region  very  broad.  Teeth  largf, 
conical,  truncate  at  tip,  about  V,  none  on  the  sides  of  the  lower  jaw; 
gill  rakors  very  short  and  slender,  about  12  below  angle.  Scales  on  the 
cheek  in  3  series.  Spinous  dorsal  high,  the  first  spine  about  ?,  tlie 
length  of  tho  highest,  the  sixth  t(;  tenth  of  nearly  equal  height,  and 
higher  than  the  soft  rays;  pectorals  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals, 
which  reach  about  to  front  of  anal;  origin  of  ventral  spine  naarly  below 
tho  vertical  from  the  p'jstenor  end  of  pectoral  base;  anal  fin  with  the  \\\\m 
oblique,  the  spines  rather  strong,  and  more  or  Iohs  curved.  Caudal  tin 
narrow,  forked  for  moie  than  \  its  length,  the  lo))eH  rather  pointed; 
pectoral  Hns  small,  not  reaching  to  the  tips  of  the  ventrals.  Color  rose- 
red  with  silvery  luster,  darker  above;  top  of  head  orange;  a  very  distinct 
chocolate-colored  spot  above  the  lateral  line  at  the  origin  of  the  soft 
dorsal  fin ;  anotb<^r  smaller  one  just  below  the  end  of  the  soft  dorsal.  Fins 
immaculate,  tinged  with  reddish.  Length  8  inches.  Coast  of  California- 
the  types  from  deep  water  outside  the  Golden  Gate;  occasionally  taken 
by  fishermen  with  sweep  nets,  also  dredged  in  deep  waters  in  different 
places  by  the  AXbatrots.    A  beautiful  and  interesting  fish,    {^rosacens,  rosy.) 

Oymatogaster  ro»aeeut,  JoRPiN  &  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1880,  303,  off  San 

?'rancisco.     (Coll.  Jordau  &  Gilbert.) 
Mierometrut  rosaeetm,  Jordan  &  Gu^bebt,  Syuopsis,  589, 1883. 


603.  HYPOCRITICHTHYS,  Gill. 

HypocHHchthijs,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1862,  14,  27.'>  (analis). 

This  genus  is  very  close  to  Hyperprompon,  differing  chiefly  in  the  short 
anal  fin  which  has  but  23  rays.  (v7toH,oiTt}i;,  hypocrite;  '^^St's,  fish,  in 
form  and  size  resembling  Cymatogastvr,  thus  belying  its  affinities  which 
are  entirely  with  Hyperprosopon.) 


A 


1886.  HYPOCRITICHTHYS  ANALIS  (Alexander  Agassiz). 

Head  3^ ;  depth  2^.  D.  IX,  22 ;  A.  Ill,  23 ;  lateral  line  63.  Body  compara- 
tively elongate,  formed  muc^  as  in  JirachyisUua  frenatus;  upper  anterior 
profile  nearly  straight,  depressed  above  the  eyes;  snout  sharp;  moutli 
large,  very  oblique,  tip  of  the  lower  jaw  on  a  line  with  the  upper  prolile 
of  the  snout ;  maxillary  reaching  front  of  :^rbit ;  gill  rakers  long,  numerous ; 
lower  lip  without  frenum;  dorsal  spines  high  and  slender,  longer  than  soft 
rays,  the  middle  longest;  anal  spines  small;  caudal  fin  short,  not  widely 
forked;  pectorals  short  and  broad,  ^  the  length  of  head;  eye  ^  length  of 


I: 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1501 


Hiioiit.  Color  silvery;  an  inky  blotcli  on  the  middle  of  the  anal  fin,  ai;4  a 
f'aintci  blotch  on  the  spinoiia  dorsal;  front  of  anal  yvllow;  fins  otherwise 
|,liii<i;  axil  bl.ick.  Length  6  incheo.  San  Francisco  to  Point  ('onception ; 
rathor  rare;  locally  abundant  ut  Santa  Cruz,     (unalts,  pertaining  to  the 

jiiiai.) 

l!i'lierpro''opon  analit,  Alexander  Aoassiz,  Proc.  Boat.  Soc.  Nat.  ni8t.,\in,  1861, 133, 

San  Francisco. 
JTupoeritichthyt  anaK«,  ftnx,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1862,  276. 
IHtrema  anale,  G Cnther,  Cat.,  iv,  250. 
Iloleonotus  analis,  Jordan  &.  Gilbert,  SynopxiH,  SSS. 
Ilyperprosopon  analia,  Eiobnmann  &  Ulrey,  I.  c,  387. 


604    HYPERPROSOPON,  Gibbons. 

(Wai,l-eykd  Surf-fisiiks.) 

Tfyperprosopon,  Gibbons,  Daily  Placer  Times  and  Transcript,  May  18,  1854  (argenteus). 
Eiiiiiehthys,  GiRABD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  Pliila.  1855,  322  (megalops). 

Ilramopsit  (  Aoassiz  MS.)  Alexander  Aqassiz,  Proc.  Best.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  viu,  1861, 132 
{mento=argente'u*). 

Body  ovate,  strongly  compressed ;  eyes  large;  month  small,  very  oblique, 
with  2  rows  of  teeth  in  each  jaw;  lower  lip  without  fronum;  gill  rakers 
very  long,  slender  and  tapering.  Pharyngeal  teeth  mostly  small,  conic,  a 
few  in  the  last  series  enlarged  or  molar;  scales  small,  silvery;  male  with 
1  of  the  anterior  rays  oi  anal  transformed  into  a  triangular  plate,  the 
fin  forming  a  decided  angle  at  this  point,  the  rays  in  front  of  it  with  a 
thick  covering  of  skin.  Vertebra)  33  to  35,  12  to  14  of  them  above  base 
of  anal.  Species  of  moderate  size,  living  in  the  surf,  {vnip,  above; 
Ttpodoonov,  face,  the  forehead  facing  upward.) 

a.  Ventral  flns  broadly  tipped  with  black;  anal  rays  III,  33,  the  fin  nearly  plain;  aides 

silvery ;  anterior  i)roflle  of  head  concave.  aroenteus,  1886. 

aa.  Ventral  iins  pliiin  silvery;  anal  rays  Til,  30,  the  On  blackieth  anteriorly;  sides  with 

faint  dark  cross  band.".  AOAS.sizn,  1«87. 

1886.  HVPERPKOSOPOX  ARflEXTRIJS,  Gibbons. 

(Wall-eykd  Surf-fish  ;  White  Perch.) 

Head  8^;  depth  2\.  D.  IX,  27;  A.  Ill,  32;  scales  72.  Body  ovate, 
strongly  compressed.  Interorbital  space  rather  wide,  abruptly  depressed 
at  the  nape,  the  jirofile  of  the  snout  extending  forward  at  a  less  angle  than 
that  of  the  back.  Snont  very  short,  much  shorter  than  the  eye.  Maxil- 
lary scarcely  reaching  front  of  pupil.  Mouth  extremely  obli(|ue.  Eye  2^ 
in  head,  larger  than  in  any  other  species.  Gill  rakers  as  long  as  diameter 
of  pupil  and  very  slender,  about  21  below  the  angle.  Middle  dorsal  spines 
a  little  higher  than  the  last,  or  than  the  soft  rays;  anal  low;  pectorals 
scarcely  reaching  to  the  tips  of  ventials,  Avhich  reach  past  the  front  of  the 
anal ;  origin  of  ventral  spine  5  or  3  scale?  behind  the  vertical  from  poste- 
rior end  of  pectoral  base.  Color,  bluish  black  above ;  sides  bright  silvery, 
sometimes  faintly  barred ;  ventrals  with  a  broad  terminal  bar  of  black; 


.1 


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.^ilt^  'ikk^S^'^i^ljIii^ivrl'i.  i. 


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1502         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


% 


candiil  and  anal  od^ed  with  blackish.  L«'ngth  10  iucben.  Coant  of  Cali- 
fornia, Cap«  l>i8a]»i»ointnient  to  Todos  Santos  Hay;  on  sandy  Hhures  in  die 
surf,  everywhere  common,     {argentciia,  wilverv.) 

Ifjfprrprotopon  argenteum,  GinnoNS,  Troc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci,  I'liila.  Ifl.'W,  lO.'i,  San  Francisco. 
Ihjperprosopon  argenteum  punctatitm,  GiniiONS,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  Pliila.  1854,  10«,  San 

Francisco. 
ITyperj>roiopon  areuatum,  OniBONS,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Tliila.  1854, 125,  San  Francisco. 
lloleonotus  meijalopt,  Uikahd,  Pro<;.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.  1854,  152,  Presidio;  Humboldt 

Bay ;  Astoria. 
Knnxehthjis  tni-tjalop$,  Girakd,  U.  S.  Pacific  11.  R.  Surv.,  x,  Fish.,  197, 1858. 
liramopitis  viento  (.VoAs.si/.  MS.)  A1.EXANDEII  A0A8SIZ,  Proc.  Boat.  So<;.  Nat.  IliHt.,  viii. 

1861, 133,  no  locality  given. 
TlyperproBopon  arijenteut  and  areualus,  Gill.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1862, 276. 
DitrenM  arcuatum  and  IHtrema  inegalopi,  GUntheh,  Cat.,  iv,  219. 

1887.  HTPERPRONOPUX  AGAN81ZII,  Gill. 

Head  3 J ;  depth  2.  D.  IX,  25 ;  A.  Ill,  29 ;  lateral  line  60.  Body  alliptif- 
ovato,  the  profile  nearly  straight  from  the  snont  to  above  the  occiput, 
there  forming  a  slight  ai>gle,  thence  straightish  to  the  basc!  of  dorsal ; 
ventral  outline  variable,  t  onietimes  strongly  arched ;  mouth  small,  v«ry 
obli(|ne,  the  premaxillary  m  a  level  of  the  middle  of  the  pupil,  the  niux- 
iilary  scarcely  reaching  front  of  pupil;  eye  \  longer  than  the  snont;  gill 
rakers  not  quite  a^  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  pupil,  about  17  on  the  lowcr 
part  of  arch;  3  rows  of  scales  on  cheek;  sixth  dorsal  spine  highest, 
higher  than  the  soft  rays;  third  anal  spine  much  the  longest,  about  -\  as 
long  as  first  rays;  pectorals  falcate,  reaching  the  vertical  from  tip  of  ven- 
trals,  which  about  reach  to  vent;  origin  of  ventral  spine  about  2  scales 
behind  the  vertical  from  posterior  end  of  pectoral  base.  Length  H  inches. 
Coast  of  California,  San  Francisco  to  Santa  Barbara;  not  generally 
abundant;  most  common  along  San  Luis  Obispo  County.  (Named  i'or 
Alexander  Agassiz,  who  published  in  18G1  an  excellent  review  of  thr 
species  of  this  family.) 

Hyperprotopon  arctiatus,  Alexander  Aoassiz,  Proc.  Boat.  Soc.Nat.  Hist.  1?01,  125;  not 

of  Gibbons. 
Hyperprosopon  agassizii.  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1862,  276,  California. 
Amphystieufi  aganizi,  Jordan  &  Gn.BKRT,  Syiiopaia,  592. 
Hyperprotopon  agasnzi,  Eigenmann  &  Ulrey,  I.  c,  387. 

605.  HOLCONOTUS,  Agassiz. 

Iloleonotut,  Aoassix,  Amor.  Jonm.  Sci.  Arts,  xvn,  May,  1854,  367  (rhodoterus). 
Gymatogaster,  Gibbons,  .'>aily  Placer  Times  .   i  Transcript,  Juno  21, 1854  (not May  18, 1854) 
(pnlchellut) . 

This  genus  diifers  from  Amphistiehiis  chiefly  in  the  absence  of  a  frenuni 
to  the  lower  lip.  Vertebrie  14 -|- 18 =32;  gill  rakers  stout  and  blunt. 
Body  subelliptical,  moderately  compressed ;  anal  fin  as  in  Amplmtichun  \ 
its  basis  below  11  vertebne.    One  species.    (o.Iko?,  groove;  ya^roj,  back.) 

1888.  HOLCONOTUS  RH0U01ERU8,  AgosHiz. 

Head  3|;  depth  2.  D.  IX  or  X,  26;  A.  HI,  29;  lateral  line  69.  Body 
deeper,  more  elevated,  and  less  compressed  than  in  Jlyperproaopoii,  form 
ovate,  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  equally  curved;  profile  nearly  straight 


from  I 

eye ; 

the  Ic 

1)itul,| 

tiiibl^ 

;iii»l  sj 

l»rofuJ 

pory 

anal, 

l.engt 

vjry 

Holeonl 

al4 

Syr 
V\jmato 
Oyinc 
Cijuiato 
Ditremi 


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Jordan  and  Evennann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1503 


from  snout  to  dorsal,  littlr  (lepreosed  above  oyt^;  snout  a  little  longer  than 
eye ;  mouth  oblique,  forming  ixw  angle  of  about  45  degrecH ;  pr(>muxillary  ou 
tiie  level  of  the  lower  edge  of  pupil;  maxillary  not  included  under  pi-eor- 
bitul, reaching  juMt  past  front  of  pupil;  fifth  dorsal  spin*^  higlu'st,  consid- 
erably higher  than  the  soft  rays;  gill  rakers  ()+ll>  stout  and  blunt,  fewer 
and  stouter  thau  in  Ifyperpro8oj>OH.  Color  greenish  above;  sides  silvery, 
Itrofusely  covered  with  spots  and  blotches  of  light  orange  brown  or  *-op- 
jiury  red,  these  mostly  in  the  form  of  interrupted  vertical  burs;  caudal, 
anal,  and  ventral  fins  bright  r<>ddish,  without  black  spots  or  nuirkiugs. 
Length  a  foot.  Coast  of  California,  i:Jan  Francisco  to  San  Diego;  not 
v)ry  abundant.     {poSorepo?,  rosy.) 

lloleonotus  rhodoterus,  Aoassiz,  Amer.  Jonrn.  S<'i.  Artn,  Mny,  1854,  :i68,  San  Francisco; 

Alexander  Aoassiz,  Proc.  Boat.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vni,  18(11,  131 ;  Joiiuan  A:  Un.UBRT, 

Synopsis,  592;  Eioenhann  &  Ulbey,  I.  c,  388. 
Vymatoffaitter  pulehelliu,  Gibuons,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  July,  1854, 123,  San  Francisco. 
Oymatoganter  larkinith,  G.'imuNB,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1854,  123,  San  Francisco. 
i'lfmatogaaterellipticun,  Uibbons,  Proc.  Ac. Nat. Sci. Philu.  1854,  124,  San  Francisco. 
IHtrema  rhodolerui!.,  GOntheb,  Cat.,  iv,  250. 

6o6.  AMPHISTICHUS,  Agassiz. 

Amphiitiehus,  AOASSI/,  Amer.  Joam.  Sci.  Arts,  May,  1854, 3G7  (argenteus). 
Mytilophagus,  Gibbons,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  July,  1854, 125  {fateiaUis=argenteii»). 

Body  ovate  or  oblong,  compressed;  mouth  moderate,  oblique,  with  slcn- 
ilor  conical  tjceth  in  2  series  in  each  jaw,  the  outer  series  longer;  lips 
thin,  the  lower  with  a  broad  frenuni;  gill  rakers  few,  stont  and  blunt; 
pharyngeals  normal,  their  teeth  small,  conic,  a  few  of  the  last  2  series 
larger  and  molar;  fins  not  very  high,  the  spines  slender;  scales  small; 
vertebrje  13  +  16=29;  the  anal  basis  below  lOvertebriu.  Anal  in  male 
with  1  of  its  anterior  rays  transformed  into  a  triangular  plate;  a  decided 
angle  at  this  point,  some  of  the  rays  before  it  with  the  skin  thickened. 
One  species.    (a/<02,  double ;  ^r/^o?,  series.) 


1889.  AHPHISTICIIUS  ABOENTEUS,  Agassiz. 

(SUEF-FISH.) 

Head  3i ;  d{^pth  2i.  D.  X,  24 ;  A.  Ill,  26 ;  lateral  lino  65  to  67 ;  vertebr.-n 
13  +  16=29.  Body  ovate,  the  dorsal  profile  much  more  curved  than  ven- 
tral; interorbital  region  scarcely  depressed;  mouth  comparatively  large, 
little  oblique,  the  maxillary  being  below  the  level  of  the  rather  small  eye, 
lower  jaw  included.  Head  blunt  and  deep;  snout  longer  than  the  eye; 
maxillary  reaching  front  of  pupil,  not  included  under  preorbital;  lips 
rather  thin,  the  lowjr  with  a  frenum.  Gill  rakers  few,  rather  short,  stiff, 
5  +  11;  lower  pharyngeals  norm&l.  Caudal  peduncle  short  and  stout; 
pectorals  reaching  olightly  past  tips  of  ventrals,  which  reach  to  vent; 
origin  of  ventral  spine  almost  under  posterior  end  of  pectoral  base;  third 
anal  spine  the  longest,  scarcely  |  as  long  as  first  rays;  dorsal  spines 
strong,  the  fifth  or  sixth  longest,  shorter  than  soft  rays;  pectorals  slightly 
falcate,  nearly  reaohing  tips  of  ventrals.  Silvery;  sides  with  narrow 
vertical  bars  of  a  brassy  olive  color,  alternating  with  vertical  series  of 


I  i 


;    I. 


i 


1604         Diilldin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


B))ota  of  Biinilur  color;  lins  plain;  vertical  fins  somewhat  oilgod  wiih 
(liiHky;  Bpociiueua  occasionally  uniform  brassy,  Avitlioiit  bars.  Lengtli  1 
foot.  Pacifi*!  coast,  from  Cape  Flattery  to  Sau  Diego;  very  abundant  on 
saudy  shores.     {argeiUeu8,  silvery.) 

Amphiitiehun  argenteus,  AnASSix,  Amor.  Jouiti.  Sci.  Arts.,  May,  IMI, .'107,  San  Francisco; 

GiHAKi),  U.  S.  Pac.  U.  li.  Surv.,  x,  F Jslies,  201. 
Mytilophayui  /anciatvt,  Gimu)N8,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.,  July,  18.'>4, 125,  San  Francisco 
Amjihistiehus  /i«t'rmann{,  UlltAKU,  I'rou.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Fliila.  1854, 135,  Cape  Flattery;  ban 

Francisco 
AmphUtichus  simili*,  Gikakd,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1854, 153,  San  Francisco. 
Ditrema  arrtenteutii,  OrNTiiEU,  Cat.,  iv,  251. 
Attiphittichua  arifentctm,  JuHDAN  Si.  GuJiKUT,  Synopsis,  593 ;  Eiqbnmann  &.  Ulubv,  I.  c,  38'.). 


:<i'^ 


R-S 


607.  EMBIOTOCA,  Agassi/.. 
Embiotoca,  Aoassi?,  Amer.  Jouni.  .Sci.  Arts,  xvi,  November,  1863, 386  (jackaoni). 

Hody  oblong,  more  or  less  elevated,  somewhat  compressed,  the  caudal 
peduncle  robust.  Head  moderate,  the  lower  jaw  included.  Lips  moderate, 
the  lower  with  a  frenum.  Maxillary  short,  its  whole  length  slipping  under 
the  preorbital.  Teeth  few,  conical,  blunt isb^  in  1  series.  Gill  rakers 
weak,  rather  short  and  slender.  Pharyngeals  normal,  the  anterior  and 
lateral  teeth  small,  conic,  the  median  and  posterior  large,  truncate  molars ; 
males  with  a  gland  on  some  of  the  anterior  anal  rays,  but  none  of  thorn 
modified  to  form  a  definite  plate;  vertebne  11  +  18  or  19,  the  base  of  aiuil 
below  9  caudal  vei'tebra>;  first  hiemal  spine  small,  applied  to  th«$  secoiui. 
Caudal  fin  lunate;  anal  fin  rather  long,  much  longer  than  abdomen,  its 
spines  small.  Scales  small,  about  60  in  the  lateral  line.  One  species.  Thi.s 
genus  is  very  close  to  the  Japanese  genus,  Ditrema,  Temminck  &  Schlegel. 
1847,  the  longest  known  member  of  the  family.  Ditrema  temminckii  is  in 
form,  color,  and  appearance  between  Embiotoca  and  Phanerodon.  Its  scales 
are  very  small  (70  to  75)  and  the  lower  pharyngeals  are  (^uite  small,  the 
teeth  all  conic  and  rather  slender,  {e/nfiioi;,  living  within;  rduo?,  oil- 
spring;  an  euphonious  and  appropriate  name  which  is  fortunately  to  lie 
retained.) 

1800.  CMBIOTOCA  .TACKSOM,  Agassiz. 
(Common  Suuf-fish;  Black  Perch.) 

Head  3^ ;  depth  2.  D.  IX  or  X,  20 ;  A.  Ill,  25 ;  scales  10-58-18.  Form  ovate, 
rather  thick,  the  outline  convex.  Mouth  rather  small.  Gill  rakers  short 
and  stout,  about  15  below  angle.  Dorsal  spines  low,  much  lower  than  the 
soft  rays;  pectoral  triangular  in  outline,  not  reaching  past  tips  of  veu- 
trals,  which  reach  nearly  to  front  of  anal;  origin  of  ventral  spine  about 
2  scales  behind  the  vertical  from  posterior  end  of  base  of  pectoral ; 
third  anal  spine  less  than  i  as  long  as  first  rays ;  caudal  peduncle  thick- 
ish,  the  fin  not  widely  forked.  Scales  on  cheeks  in  4  series.  Brownish, 
tinged  with  green,  blue,  red,  or  yellowish;  sides  with  about  10  faint,  ver- 
tical, dusky  bars;  belly  usually  yellowish;  head  with  blue  spots;  fins 
dusky,  tinged  with  blue  or  red;  anal  in  males  sometimes  red  with  a  black 
patch,  and  the  ventrals  orange.    Colors  extremely  variable,  the  pattern 


»:♦. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1505 


of  color  not  definite.  Length  1  foot.  Vnuoouver  Island  to  Todos  Santos 
Kay,  generally  oomnion;  the  most  abundant  of  the  larger  speciea  aouth- 
ward.  (Nanjed  for  A.  C.  .Jackson,  of  San  Francisco,  who  first  noticed  the 
\iviparity  of  Kmhioioca  and  iirst  brought  the  fact  to  the  attention  of 
I'rofessor  Agassi/.*) 

Emhiotoea  jackmmi,  AOASsiz,  Ampr.  Joum.  Sci.  Arts  1853,  387,  and  1854,  360,  San  Fran- 
cisco; (iiHAKi),  n. S. Pac. IMi.  8urv.,  x,  FIhIics,  108. 
Ifnlconotus  fuHijinotuii,  (JiniioNS,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiila.  1854,  123,  San  Francisco. 
Emhiotoea  caumdyi,  GiRAUV,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Plilla.  18r)4,  151,  San  Diego. 
Emhiotoea  webbi,  Gikakd,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1855,  320,  San  Diego. 
IHtiema  jaeknoin,  (H^ntheii,  Cat.,  iv,  245  j  .Iokdan  Sc  Uilbekt,  Kynopsis,  595. 
IJmbiotocajacktmi,  Eioenmann  &.  Uluby,  I.e.,  302. 


f>o8.  T.SNIOTOCA,  Alexander  Agassiz. 

llolconotu*,  GiBnoNS,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  July,  1854,  122  (agatsizii— later ali»). 
IWniotoca,  Ale.kandbr  Aoassiz,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Ilist.,  viii,  1801,  133  (laleralu). 

This  genus  is  very  close  to  Plian<rodoii,  differing  only  in  the  short,  deep 
caudal  peduncle.  The  single  Npecics  is  highly  variegated  in  color. 
{Tixivia,  band;  runa,  ior  Evihioloca). 


1801.  T£MOTOCA  LATERALIS  (Agassi/,). 
(Blue  Pebcii;  Stbu'ED  Subf-fish.) 

D.  X  or  XI,  23 ;  A.  Ill,  31 ;  Hcnles  7-63-15 ;  vertebno  35  to  37.  Body  oblong, 
compressed,  with  a  short  and  very  high  caudal  peduncle,  the  body  taper- 
ing back  less  than  usual,  the  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  nearly  eciually 
curved.  Mouth  but  little  obli<iue,  the  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  orbit. 
Teeth  strong ;  gill  rakers  short  and  stout,  about  14  below  angle.  Spinous 
dorsal  very  low,  the  last  spine  highest,  but  much  shorter  than  the  soft 
rays ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  high ;  pectoral  iins  triangular  in  outline  to  tips 
of  ventrals,  whi(;h  reach  to  ven  t ;  origin  of  ventral  spine  about  2  scales 
hehind  the  vertical  from  posterior  end  of  pectoral  base;  third  anal  spine 
less  than  i  as  long  as  first  rays.  Color  reddish  olive  above,  becoming 
bright  orange  red  below,  everywhere  thickly  dusted  with  black  points; 
a  continuous  bright  blue  streak  along  the  edges  of  each  row  of  scales; 
streaks  of  thoracic  region  formed  by  isolated  blue  spots  on  the  middle  of 
the  scales;  head  with  several  series  of  blue  spots  and  streaks;  fins  all 
olivaceous  dusky;  ventrals  with  some  light  orange.  Vancouver  Island  to 
San  Diego;  very  abundant  northward,  scarce  south  of  Point  Conception; 
a  very  handsome  fish,     {lateralis,  pertaining  to  the  side.) 

•The  date  of  Dr.  Jacknon's  discovery  is  June  7,  1852.  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Webb,  ot'  the 
Mexican  Bouiidary  Snr\'c»y,  soon  after  sent  n  Hiniilar  notice  to  Agassiz,  an  extract  from 
Iiis  diary  at  San  Diego,  May  3,  1852.  Dr.  J.  K.  Lord,  of  Vancouver  Island,  and  Pr.  Wil- 
liam Peters  Gibbons,  of  Alameda,  made  similar  observations  at  about  the  same  time,  as 
(lid  also  Prof.  George  David.ion  and  Prof.  John  L.  LeConte,  the  latter  apparently  in  1851. 
The  earliest  publislied  account  is  that  of  Agassiz,  after  notes  of  Jackson,  in  November, 
1853.  After  liini  came  Gibbons,  in  May  and  June,  1854;  Girard,  in  August,  1854,  and 
others  still  later.  See  Eigenmaun,  BuH.  U.  S.  Fish  Comm.  1892,405,  for  a  full  historical 
account  of  these  discoveries. 


(i 

i  ! 


■  -J 


m'i 


I  '  •'■• 


,•41    r'S 


1506  DuUctin  47,  Untied  Stales  National  Museum. 


Kmltiotoea  lalernli*,  Aoahbi/.,  Amer.  Jonrn.  Stii.  Artn,  Mny,  1854,  MSO,  San  Pranciaco. 
Ilulronotut*  agantuii.  (iliinoNs,  Proc.  Ac.  Nut.  Scl.  Philn.,  July,  1854, 122,  San  Francisco. 
Emhiotoea  lineata,  OiRARD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  8ci.  Philn.,  Augiint,  1854,  134,  San  Francisco; 

Tomalea  Bay ;  Presidio. 
Emliiotom  pempieabilin,  OiHARD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  Phlla.  1856,  521,  Puget  Sound. 
Emlriotoca  omata,  Gihauu,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Hci.  Philn.,  April,  1H55,  :<21,  San  Diego;  Soutli 

Farallonea. 
Taniiotora  laleralU,  Ai.RXANDRR  AriAPHr/,  Proc.  Itont.  Sno.  Nnt.  ITiflt.,  viiT,  1861,  133. 
IHtrema  latfraU,  GI^NTiiKU,  <'nt,,  iv,  245;  Jordan  &.  Gii.hicrt,  SynoimiH,  504. 
I'hanerodon  laleralU,  Eiuknmann  &  Ui^BV,  I.  o.,  304. 

609.  PHANERODON,  Oirard. 

Phanerodon,  Oirard,  Proc.  Ac.  Nnt.  Sci.  Phila.  1854,  153  {/urcatui). 

This  gouu8  is  very  close  to  Emhiotoea,  JHtrcma,  and  Tainiotoca.  from 
Emhiotoea,  Phantrodon  ditVera  chiefly  in  the  long  and  slender  caudal  pedun- 
cle, and  in  the  larger  number  of  vertebne,  14  or  15  +  23  or  24=37  to  3!); 
the  base  of  the  anal  is  below  11  or  more  vertebriri,  and  the  flrst  hiomal 
spine  is  as  large  as  the  second ;  dorsal  spines  slender  and  high,  the  Inst 
ones  as  high  as  the  soft  rays.  Hpoeies  plainly  colored,  of  moderate  size; 
the  caud.al  deeply  forked.  (^aKcpoj,  evident;  oSov?,  tooth ;  but  the  teeth 
are  no  larger  than  in  related  genera.) 

a.  Ventral  flntt  plain  whitinh;  acnlnn  of  body  without  ornngo  ahndos;  cniulal  edged 
with  rtiiaky;  head  short,  SJ  in  length.  FUHCATi'S,  1892. 

aa.  Ventral  fln»  broadly  tipped  witli  blackish;   scinlos  of  hoAy  above  ewdi  witii  an 
orange  shade  nt  baao;  cnndal  nut  (lusky-cdgod ;  liend  longer,  3}  in  length. 

ATRIPBS,  189;i. 

1H02.  PHANERODON  FURCATIIK,  Cirard. 

(White  Suhf-fisii.) 

Head  3| ;  depth  2h  D.  X,  24  to  XI,  22 ;  A.  Ill,  30  to  32 ;  lateral  line  66  to  69. 
Body  oblong-elliptical,  compressed,  tapering  backward  into  the  long  and 
slender  caudal  peduncle ;  dorsiil  and  ventral  outlines  about  equally  curved ; 
occipital  region  little  depressed ;  mouth  small;  lower  jaw  included;  teeth 
rather  large,  conical;  gill  rakers  very  short  and  slender;  last  dorsal  spine 
highest,  sometimes  higher  than  th<^  soft  rays,  the  fin  higher  than  in  Phane- 
rodon airipes;  pectorals  reaching  a  little  beyond  tips  of  ventrals;  caudal 
fin  strongly  forked,  the  upper  lobe  usually  the  longer.  Light  olivaceous, 
silvery  below,  sometimes  yellowish ;  scales  with  bright  reflections  but  no 
red  markings;  usually  a  round  dusky  spot  on  the  anal;  ventrals  plain; 
caudal  fin  edged  behind  with  dusky ;  fins  usually  yellowish  tinged.  Length 
1  foot.  Pacific  coast,  from  Vancouver  Island  to  San  Diego;  extremely 
abundant  from  Cape  Mendocino  southward,     (fiircatus,  forked.) 

Phanerodon  fur  eattis,  GiRABO,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Fhila.  1854, 103,  Presidio ;  Tomales  Bay ; 

and  in  U.  S.  Pac.  K.  R.  Surv.,  x,  Fiah.,  184. 
Ditrtma  furcatum,  GCnther,  Cat.,  iv,  247;  Jordan  A.  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  506. 
Phanerodon  fureatun,  Eigenmann  &  Ulrey,  I.  c,  304. 


*  The  name  Holeonotut  was  invented  by  Gibbona  independently,  and  is  not  aynonymous 
with  Holeonotua  of  Agassiz. 


h'tif  ii';'.alii!T':- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1507 


ISUa.  FIIANKKOUOK  ATKIPEN  (Jonliui  \.Uilbert). 

HonclS^;  depth  2^.  D.  X,  23;  A.  Ill,  29;  lateral  lino 70.  Ho<ly  elongate, 
tapering  into  a  long  and  Hlunder  «-aii<lal  peduncle.  Snout  rather  project- 
ing. Head  small.  Mouth  sniall,  the  maxillary  not  extending  to  opposito 
the  eye.  Teeth  few  and  small.  Kyo  aa  long  as  snout,  3 J  in  head.  Cheeks 
with  3  rows  of  scales.  Qill  rak(>i'8  longer  than  in  related  B])ecie8,  and 
jiliaryngoals  stronger,  with  the  teetb  moro  nearly  paved.  Higltest  dornal 
M|)ine  shorter  than  the  soft  rays.  Pectorals  long,  reaching  tip  of  ventrals. 
( 'audal  lobes  e(|ual.  Light  olivaceous  above,  pearly  below;  scales  above 
the  axis  of  body  each  with  an  orange  spot  at  base,  its  outer  margin  tinged 
with  blue,  those  forming  faint  reddish  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales; 
anal  with  a  dusky  spot;  ventrals  broadly  tipped  with  blackish;  caudal 
not  dark-edged.  Length  10  inches.  Monterey  Bay  and  banks  oil'  San 
i)i ego  in  deeper  water  than  related  species;  not  yet  recorded  from  inter- 
vening localities;  locally  abundant  off  Monterey.    I^aitr,  black;  pt%,  foot.) 

mirema  atripet,  JoRnAN  &  Ou^iikht,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1880,  320,  Monterey  Bay ; 

.rORDAN  &  (flUtBUT,  SyilOpHiS,  505. 

IHtrema  orthonolnn,  Ekiknmann  &  £inENMANN,  West  American  SciontiHt,  October,  1889, 

127,  Cortes  Banks,  off  San  Diego. 
I'hanerodon  atripes,  Eiobnhann  &.  Ulrby,  I.  c,  305. 

6io.  RHACOCHILUS,  Agassi/,. 

Ithaeoehilut,  AOASRiz,  Am.  Jourii.  Sci.  Arts,  May,  18.54,  307  (loxotei). 
I'aehylabrui.  Gihbons,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  iu  Daily  I'lacor  Times  and  Transcript,  June  21, 
1854  ( variegat u» — toxotea) . 

Body  ovate,  compressed,  tapering  abruptly  into  a  long  and  robust  caudal 
peduncle;  mouth  comparatively  large,  the  lower  Jaw  included;  lips 
extremely  thick,  the  lower  without  frenum,  its  posterior  edge  free,  coarsely 
lobed;  teeth  few,  small,  conical,  in  1  series;  gill  rakers  rather  long; 
pharyngeals  normal ;  scales  small ;  dorsal  spines  low,  posteriorly  subequal, 
much  shorter  than  the  soft  rays;  caudal  deeply  forked ;  anal  basis  elon- 
gate, the  si)incs  small.  Vertebrtn  l'l-f-22.  One  species.  Males  with  a 
Inland  on  some  of  the  anterior  rays ;  the  anal  basis  without  angle ;  none  of 
the  rays  modified  to  form  a  plate,    (pdno?,  rag;  x^^^o?,  lip.) 

1894.  RHACOCHILUS  TOXOTES,  Agassiz. 

(Alfione.) 

Head  3|;  depth  2|.  D.  X,  23;  A.  Ill,  30;  scales  11-76-20.  Body  ovate, 
with  elevated  back  and  long,  thick  caudal  peduncle;  head  deep,  with 
prominent  snout;  mouth  wide,  oblique,  the  lower  )xw  included;  maxil- 
lary reaching  front  of  orbit,  slipping  under  the  prtscrbital ;  lips  extremely 
large,  with  uneven  surface,  slashed  behind  and  without  frenum;  teeth 
strong,  wide-set,  those  in  mandible  little  developed;  eye  large;  gill  rakers 
stent,  about  20  below  the  arch ;  about  6  series  of  scales  on  cheek,  8  on 
opercle ;  soft  dorsal  considerably  elevated,  mnch  higher  than  spinous  por- 
tion j  peotoxaJs  and  ventrals  long;  pectoral  triangular  in  outline,  about 


"7 


■i  >  i 


n 


1508  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


reaching  to  tips  of  veutrnla,  which  roai^h  past  vent ;  origin  of  ventral  Hjtiiiu 
about  6  BcalcH  behind  the  vorti«!al  from  posterior  edge  of  poctorul  baHi . 
Caudal  short,  deeply  forked.,  the  upper  lobo  thr  longer.  Olivaceotis,  witli 
brassy  rotloctious  and  dusky  points;  tins  plain.  Length  18  inches.  Tlio 
largest  and  least  handsonin  of  the  family,  and  the  one  of  most  value  jih 
food.  Coast  of  California,  from  Sun  Francisco  to  San  Diego,  ratlicr  com 
mon.  (ro^cin/f,  the  East  Indian  an-ber  flsh;  from  some  obscure  rt'suiu- 
blance.) 

Rhaeoehilua  toxoten,  AoASSi/,  Am.  .Tourn.  8ci.  Arts,  May,  1854,  .107,  San  Francisco ;  Gcraii  i  < 

V.  S.  Puc.  It.  R.  Surv.,  x,  VMie»,  188, 1858. 
Pachylabrut  variegatut,  OiBUONS,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  I'bila.,  vii,  July,  1854,  120,  San 

Francisco. 
Ditrema  toxoten,  GCnther,  Cat.  Fialios,  IV,  247. 
JihaeochUu$  tcxoUt,  Jouoan  &  Oilubbt,  Synopsis,  590;  Eioenmann  &  Ulrey,  2.  e.,  SOU. 

6zx.  HYPSURUS,  Alexander  Agassiz. 
Ilypmrua,  Alexander  Aoabsiz,  Proc.  Best.  Soo.  Nat.  Hist.,  vtii,  1801, 133  (ea.-yi). 

Body  oblong,  compreHsed,  moderately  elevated,  tapering  abruptly  to  a 
very  slender  and  Hhort  peduncle.  Head  moderate,  rather  acute,  lower  Jaw 
included.  Lips  rather  large,  entire,  the  lower  with  a  frenum.  Teeth  few, 
conical,  blunt,  in  1  series,  those  of  the  upper  jaw  sometimes  partly  in  '2 
series.  Gill  rakers  slender,  rather  short.  Pharyngeals  normal;  anterior 
and  lateral  teeth  of  lower  pharyngeals  small,  bluntly  conic;  a  triangul.-ir 
posterior  patch  of  larger  teeth,  all  but  the  posterior  row  truncate,  the  pos- 
t«!rior  row  conic.  Dorsal  tin  rather  low,  the  spines  all  lower  than  the  soft 
rays.  Caudal  broad  and  short,  widely  forked.  Anal  fin  extremely  short, 
although  many-rayed,  beginning  far  back,  the  length  of  its  base  boiu;;; 
less  than  .}  the  distance  between  its  first  spine  and  tlie  root  of  the  ven- 
trals,  the  abdomen  being  therefore  extremely  long.  Scales  rather  small. 
Vertebral  17  +  20.  This  genus  is  distinguished  from  Embiotoca  chiefiy  by 
the  great  length  of  the  abdominal  region  which  is  caused  by  the  increased 
number  of  abdominal  vertebne.  One  species,  of  small  size  and  brilliant 
coloration.     (,vif)t,  high;  ovpd,  tail.) 


i4s 


iill.  --■^^■^^>^..^^ 

1895.  HTPSURUS  CARYI  (Agassi/.). 

(BUQARA.) 

Head  3^;  depth  2^.  D.  X  or  XI,  23;  A.  Ill,  24;  lateral  line  71.  Body 
elliptical,  compressed,  the  ventral  outline  comparatively  straight;  head 
depressed  above  eye;  snout  sharp;  premaxiilaries  on  the  level  of  the 
lower  margin  of  pupil,  lower  jaw  included;  maxillary  nearly  reachin<r 
front  of  eye,  included  under  preorbital;  fourth  to  sixth  dorsal  spines 
highest,  lower  than  the  soft  rays;  gill  rakers  slender,  short,  7+13.  Pec- 
toral long,  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals,  which  reach  i  way  from  their 
base  to  front  of  anal ;  origin  of  ventral  spine  about  8  scales  behind  the 
vertical  from  the  posterior  end  of  pectoral  base.  Anal  very  short,  the 
third  spine  longest,  about  i  as  long  as  the  first  rays,  far  back,  its  rays 
slender  and  crowded  close  together,  its  origin  opposite  posterior  third  of 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  .Imcrica,     1500 

(lorsnl.  Col«»ratioii  oxtreiiioly  vuriogute<l,  olivMccoiiH,  with  Htri]>oH  of 
(ii-uiif{*<  butwoeii  tlio  rows  of  acHluH;  ultuiit  \\\  diiaky  oiuiiKt^  <t(>hh  bura, 
irri'i^ular  in  form;  eyoH  rmldlMh,  Hiirroiiiided  liy  a  nky-bliit)  Imnd;  inoni- 
liranoB  of  uporcluH  chiolly  oruiiKu;  opercle  bliiiHb,  Hputtml  witU  oriiiiKu; 
>iiluHof  bead  with  Hky-bliu>  apots;  lo\v«>r,|aw  with  oran^ro  and  bliin  HtripeH; 
lireaHt  antl  bully  with  bni^itudiiial  stripoH  <if  bii^iit  nraiiKo,  alturiiatiiig 
witii  Hteul  blue;  alxUmiiiial  furrow  oraiij^o,  «h1);u<1  with  Idiiu;  puotoral  with 
nil  oraiiKo  croHceiit  at  baae  bordered  with  li^ht  blur;  soft  doraal  witli  a 
l>lack  blotch  near  thu  front;  caudal  of  a  peculiar  rich  orange  brown,  with 
croHH  bars  formed  of  roiintl  grayish  spota;  anal  chirtly  oran^^o  tipp<;d  with 
liliie,  and  with  a  largo  blackiMh  blotch;  other  tiuH  orango  brown,  niuttlod. 
Length  10  iuchoH.  CoaHt  of  California;  very  common  from  Cape  Motidocino 
lo  San  Diego;  a  beautiful  iiah,  largely  uaud  for  bait;  vt<ry  rare  south  of 
I'dint  (Umcuption,  common  olV  8an  FrauciHco.  (Named  lor  ita  diacovcrer, 
Mr.  Thomas  Ci.  Cary,  brother  of  Mrs.  Agaaaix.) 

luiibiotocaearyi,  AaA88i7.,  Anier.  Joiirn.  Sol.  ArlH  185;i,  380,  niiil  ISrif  3(tU,  San  Franciaco. 
llolctniofHtifiM)un*ii  (GllilioNs  MS.,  rrui     !al.  Ac.  Sci.  1854),  UlUlioNb,  Pruc.  Ac.  Nnt.  Sri. 

IMiilit.  1854,  12,  San  Francisco. 
Iljipminit  earyi,  Alexander  Acias.si/,  ISoHt.Jonm.  Nnt.  JIIhI.,  viu,  1801,  i;i3;  Jokdan  iV; 

(Jll.llGKT,  SyilopslH,  593;   ElOENMANN  &   ULUEY,  l.C,  384. 

Ihtrema  earyi,  GCntheu,  Cat,,  iv,  247,  1802. 

6ia.  DAMALICHTHYS,  Girard. 

DamaliehthiiK,  Girabij,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  riiila.  1855,321  (racca-   anjyro$omv»). 

Body  ovate,  comprcaaod,  with  loug  cauual  peduncle;  head  rather  large; 
mouth  moderate,  the  lower  jaw  included;  lipa  full,  the  lower  with  a 
t'ronum;  teeth  very  few,  short,  conical,  bluntiHh,  in  I  aeries;  gill  rakera 
Nliort  and  alender;  lower  pharyngeal  very  large,  convex  behind  in  out- 
line, with  the  lateral  horns  very  short  and  thick;  anterior  tooth-bear- 
ing area  on  the  plane  of  the  bono;  posterior  area  inclined  backward, 
forming  a  steep  angle  with  the  anterior  part;  teeth  on  anterior  part  low, 
truncate,  hexagonal,  tessellated;  on  poaterior  part  ovate,  flattened,  imbri- 
cated, and  turned  forward  so  that  the  posterior  side  forms  the  grinding 
edge;  posterior  teeth  of  upper  pharyngeals  applied  to  anterior  of  the 
lower  pharyngeal ;  the  posterior  teeth  above  similar  to  the  anterior  below, 
and  vice  versa;  scales  rather  small;  dorsal  spines  low,  much  shorter 
than  the  soft  rays;  anal  tin  long,  with  small  spines.  Yertelme  13 -{- 21. 
Species  of  large  size,  plainly  colored,  externally  resembling  Ditrema  and 
Phanei'odon,  but  singularly  distinguished  from  all  the  other  members  of 
the  family  by  the  peculiar  pharyngeals.  (6d//<tA/s,  calf;  /^Stig,  fish;  in 
allusion  to  its  viviparity.) 


1806.  DAMALICHTHYS  ARGYROSOIVS  (Girnrd). 

(White  1'ebch;  Pohoke.) 

Head  3i;  depth  2^.  D.  X,  23;  A.  Ill,  29;  scales  8-63-17.  Form  broadly 
elliptical,  the  dorsal  curve  regular,  similar  to  the  ventral  curve;  caudal 
peduncle  rather  slender;  head  rather  large,  not  blunt;  occipital  region 


,1  -i 

IJ  ii   • 


h 


1610         BulUtin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

littlfl  <loprosH4Ml ;  promnxilliiry  Just  below  tli«*  level  of  the  pupil ;  the  inu\ 
lllary  HOiircoly  reiiching  front  of  the  eye,  lower  jiiw  included;  llpn  thicK 
ish,  even;  oy<<  Ini'Ke,  a  tittle  lontrer  than  snout;  «'h<>ekH  with  'A  or  4  i-owh 
of  MoaleH.  Oill  riikerH  7 -|- Ki,  not  i  ho  lon^  hh  the  litrge  eye,  whlth  is 
longer  than  snout.  Tet'th  very  few,  short  and  blunt.  Dorsal  spliiuH 
stoutish,  thr  last  one  hiKhest,  1  tbo  height  of  the  soft  rays,  ('aiidal 
deeply  forked,  the  iippttr  lobe  the  longer;  pectoral  long,  reaching  beyond 
front  of  iiiirI;  ventrals  reaching  nearly  to  anal;  origin  of  ventral  spiih' 
about  4  scales  behind  the  vertical  from  posterior  part  of  pectoral  Itano; 
third  uual  spine  nearly  \  oh  long  as  tirst  rays,  ('idor  soiled  white,  with 
silvery  luster;  'A  or  4  obHcure  duuky  barH,  most  distinct  in  the  youn;;;; 
tluH  neatly  plain,  dusky.  Length  15  inches.  Paciflc  coast,  Vancouvt  r 
Island  to  San  Diego;  everywhere  common,  especially  northward;  the  nioHt 
abundant  s]»coies  on  the  coast  of  Ikitish  Columbia,  entering  the  inlets  in 
thousands;  the  ilesh  rather  poor  and  tasteless,  {tifjyvfjoi;,  silver;  dio/ia, 
body;  but  this  species  laokH  the  silvery  Hheeu  of  llifperproHopon.) 

Emhiofoea  ari/yrotoma,  GrRAi(ii,1'ro<;.  Ac.  Nut.  Soi.  Vliiln.  18.'>r>,  IIIO,  San  Pranciaco  (yoim;; 

iiiiliviihial  ill  IiimI  <  onilitioii) ;  and  in  T.  S.  Viw.  It.  R.  Siirv.,  x,  FlitheH,  180, 1H58. 
Daiiialirhthi/ii vaeca,  iiitiJ^Mt,  I'ron.  At:  Nat.  Sci.  I'liilu.  1855,  'Ml,  Puget  Sound ;  und  in  U.  S. 

I'ac.  K.  R.  Siirv.,  x,  KIsIich,  182,  IWiB. 
Ditrema  vaeea,  (irNTiiKii,  Cat.  FIhIioh,  iv,  240, 1802. 
Damaliehthi/i  anjifroioma,  JitiiUAit  Sc  Oilubut,  8yn<i|miH,  r)07;  Eioknmann  \.  TTlkby,  I.  c, 

385. 

NoTK. — For  the  sake  of  complctenosH,  we  add  the  two  remaining  known 
species  and  genera  of  limhiotocidtv,  from  Japan. 

DiTUKMA,  Tommin«-k  &  Schh'gel. 

Ditrema,  Temminck  \;  Scmlkuel,  Fiituia  Japauicu,  TuIhs.,  77,  pi.  4U,  11^;.  2,  1847  {tew- 
minokii)  ■ 

This  genus  is  very  close  to  Emhiotoca,  di tiering  in  its  smaller  scales  and 
in  its  pharyngeal  teeth,  which  arc  all  conic  and  slender,  the  bones  quite 
small.  Coloration  of  I'hanerodoti.  (d/$,  two;  rpfffux,  aperture,  the  gen- 
erative organs  having  a  diHtinct  opening  from  the  intestines.) 

DiTKKMA  TBMMiNiiKii,  Itleeker. 

Heatl  .3};  depth  2^.  1).  X,21 ;  A.  Ill,  25;  scales  «-7()-l4;  eye  'd\  in  head; 
pectoral  If'n  >  ventral  2;  last  dorsal  Hpine  'Si ;  second  dorsal  ray  2i;  longest 
anal  ray  3i;  coudal  1*.  Hody  ovate  compressed,  the  nape  somewhat  pro- 
duced, upper  proHle  of  head  about  straight;  ventral  outline  more  strongly 
curved  than  <lorsal;  mouth  small,  the  maxillary  reaching  to  nostrilH; 
lower  jaw  slightly  included;  teeth  conical,  blunt,  in  a  single  series,  on 
the  front  of  lower  Jaw  only;  length  of  snout  equals  diameter  of  eye;  nos- 
trils small,  close  together;  gill  rakers  short  and  slender;  about  4  rows 
of  scales  on  cheek ;  top  of  head  from  posterior  margin  of  eye,  snout,  ven- 
trals, mandibles,  and  edge  of  preopercle  naked;  scales  below  lateral  line 
on  middle  of  body  the  largest,  their  depth  greater  than  their  length;  fins 
naked;  dorsal  with  a  scaly  sheath.  Pectorals  reaching  about  to  vent,  iin 
pointed  behind,  the  upper  rays  the  longest;  ventrals  nearly  their  length 


I- 

I* 
J  I' 


If''  i. 


Jordan  and  livtimann. — Fishes  of  North  Anwrica,      ITill 

^^..^ — _.^-.^_  — ~ —         ' 

lichiiHl  biiHn  of  poi'toralH,  tlioir  kimIh  not  i'«ii«;lilii){  to  tip  of  ]icctoriilH;  dor- 
sal HplntiH  iniii-h  Hliortor  tliuii  tli«  Hol'truvH,  \\\vi  Iiih)  tho  lon^ttst;  Hui'tUurHul 
liigliuHt  ill  front;  aiiiil  HpiiioH  vrry  Hiiiall,  tlin  tliird  tint  loiigt>Nt,  iiiiioh 
.-.horter  than  tlio  Hott  rnyH;  ouiidal  widoly  iorki^d.  (Jolor  nilvoi-y,  Ht«)(d 
Itliio  on  back;  aiiKl«)  of  preoperole  with  a  dark  H|)ot;  a  dark  blotrli  on 
iippor  end  of  uperolu;  doraalH  diiHky,  diirkor  at  eiidH  of  rayn;  anal  dusky; 
tipHof  viMitrnlM  Idack;  axil  of  purtoral  diiHky,  tlio  fin  \vliit««;  raiidaj  Iiliiok- 
isli  at  biiHo,  tipH  black.  Described  from  a  Hpi-cinuMi  K  inobus  in  lenf{th, 
c  ollocted  in  .lapim  by  Mr.  KeiiioHiiku  Otakl.  (Niinied  for  CLTuiiiiiiinck, 
Olio  of  tiie  aiitboi'Hof  thu  Hplondid  Fauna  .la]iani('a.) 

nilrtima  tfmmhifkii,  IIi.kkkkh,  Vurli.  IIhI.  (iuiiuolHL'k.,  XXV,  Japiiii,  3:1;  UOntiikh,  Cut., 

IV.  240,  1802. 
Dilrema  Imw,  (U'nthku,  Cat.,  ii,  31)2,  IHOO,  Japan. 

Nkoditrkma,  Stuindiiclinor. 

Senditrema,  8TRllfl)Arii\KR.  Buitr.  Kvnntii.  KIhcIik  .InpitiiH,  ii,  32,  IHK.I  {raiitiinnrtii). 

Thi.H  ^enuH  in  allied  to  Dilrema,  but  lai^kH  tenth  in  tliojuwN,  and  tho  lower 
lip  is  without  freniiin.  HtaloH  very  Hiiinll,  docidnouH,  70  in  lateral  line, 
.lapan.     (»'f<'»5,  now;  DUrcma.) 

Nkoditkkma  itANHDNNKTii,  Steiiiduehnor. 

Head  3«  to  31;  depth  3^^.  1).  VI  to  VIII-L'l  or  L'2;  A.  Ill,  L'O  or  27;  eye 
;it<uhead;  interobital  4;  snout  4.  Dody  Htron^ly  eoniprosHod,  OHpeeially 
the  belly  under  the  pectorals;  anteriorprofilenioreor  leus concave;  under 
Up  projecting,  thin,  not  interrupted  in  the  middle;  maxillary  reaching  to 
liolow  anterior  e<lge  of  orbit.  Anal  Hpinos  short;  oaiidul  forked,  as  lung 
iiHbead;  ventrals  e<|ual  head  without  snout.  Hcales  cycloid,  3  or  4  rows 
on  <-heek;  top  of  head,  maxillary,  lips,  and  orbitals  naked;  a  few  scales 
(III  soft  dorsal  and  anal;  pharyngeals  as  in  Dilrema.  Hack  to  lateral  line 
(lark  golden  brown,  under  parts  gtdden  yellow;  tho  middle  of  caudal  fin 
is  light  yellow,  at  its  base  and  end  of  tin  dark  brownish  violet.  Two 
specimens  in  the  museum  at  Vienna,  from  Yokohama;  a  larger  specimen 
collected  by  Dr.  Diiderlein,  170  mm.  long.     (Steindachner.) 

Xeoditremaranioniictii,  Stein dachn Kit,  liitilriiKo  /.in-  KttiiiitiiisH  dor  FilicliuJaimns,  ii,  32, 
1843,  Yokohama.    (Cull.  Baron  UioiHunuot  iiuil  Dr.  Di'MU^rloiii.) 


'     ,    I 


Suborder  COUOMIDES. 

Lower  pharyngeals  full}'  united;  nostril  single  on  each  side;  in  other 
respects  similar  to  the  Percoidea  on  the  one  hand,  and  to  the  Phuryiujofinathi 
ou  the  other,  showing  characters  of  both,  with  the  unique  feature  of  the 
simple  nostrils.  >Speci«>s  very  numerous,  referable  to  2  largo  familieH — the 
one  marine,  living  about  coral  reefs,  the  other  tluviatilo,  swarming  in  the 
rivers  of  the  tropics,  especially  in  those  of  South  America. 

a.  Anal  Hpines  3  to  10;  gills  4,  a HlitbeliimlLi  j fourth;  psuudobrauchiib  obsolete;  verte- 

brut  in  increased  number;  fntsh  water  xpecies.  Cichlid.«,  CLVIII. 

aa.  Anal  Hpines  2  only;  gills  3},  slit  behind  fourth  small  or  none;  pseudobranuhiat 

well  developed ;  vertobrie  24  or  25 ;  marine  si>ecies.  FoMACENTRli).a<:,  CLIX. 


1 

i 

t 

m 


1A12 


liulh'tiii  fj,  f  'niltd  Sttitfs  Kalional  }fuscum. 


Fiiiiiily  CI. VIII.  CK'IILID.E. 

(TliK  Ciciil-ins,) 

Hody  <^1<<viit<Hl,  ithlnii^  or  •«loii){iit«s  i-ovrr<<«l  willi  iiHMl(>rtite-Ni/«Ml  Ni-alfM, 
wliit'h  mo  iihuhII.v  rtriioiti ;  lutontl  liiii>  iiit«ti-riip(o<l,  iiNiiiilly  cuiiHiii^  ititpo 
nite  th<>  poHtorior  part  <•)'  tho  ilorsitl,  and  tlit'ii  r<'coiiiiii«>iiriii^  htwnr  ilnwn 
1*11  tli«voaii<l»l  pi'iliuiolc;  inoiitti  varying  in  Hi/«s  ti-rniinal,  tli<>  jawH  with 
rntlior  Hniall  t«)ut!i,  wliich  uro  UHiially  roniual,  lint  NoinoMinoM  !«iliati'  m 
inuiHor-liko;  no  t«tetli  on  vonu>r  or  ]i»laUnu.s;  noHtril  Hint^lo  <)n  t^acli  W\A\'\ 
pruniaxillarioH  t'reoly  prntraotile;  maxillary  Hlippin^  unthir  the  broad  pn^ 
orbital;  Kill  lakorn  varionn;  gill  nienibrunoH  often  rnnu«u-t(>)l ;  dorHul  I'm 
Hinglo,  with  thf  NpiuouH  ]>ortion  woll  dovrlopud,  nnnally  bnt  not  alwavs 
lunger  than  tho  Hoft  iiortion ;  anal  lln  with  W  or  nioru  Hpinrn,  tho  Hott  pari 
Hiniilar  to  thu  Hoft  d<irHal;  ventral  llns  thoracic,  l,r>;  lower  pharynKml 
boncH  united  into  a  trian^^nlar  pi»ct>,  with  a  median  BUturo;  brunt>hioNti> 
f{alH5or  (I;  no  pHondobranchitr;  ^IIIh  I,  a>  Hlit  btdiind  tho  fourth;  v«ti«<- 
brie  iu  more  or  Iuhh  increaHcd  number,  about  28  to  40;  uir  bladder  proH«>nt. 
A  largo  fandly  of  freNh-wuttu'  IIhIioh  of  moderatu  or  Hnutll  ni/u,  ropreHentiiijr, 
as  to  form,  nI/o,  appearanve,  and  hnbitH,  and  ov«tn  as  to  many  dotailHof 
Htruot'in^  in  the  waters  of  South  America,  tho  VtntrarvU'uuv  of  tho  United 
Htates.  (ionera  about  10;  H])«uieH  about  150,  inhabiting  thu  rivers  of  Africn 
and  tropical  America,  tho  genuH  Uvtoh  extending  into  tlit^  limitH  of  the 
Tnitod  States.  Those  with  h>bate  teeth  are  hcrbivorouH,  the  roHt  carniv- 
orous. The  species  here  enumerated  are  but  tho  overflow  of  the  vast  river 
fauna  of  South  America.     {Chroinitlva,  (lilnthor,  Cat.,  iv,  2«vl-3l6.) 

a.  Outer  ({ill  niTh  noriiuil,  wltli<iul  ndilitionnl  lolio  ulinvoi  MpinoiiH  ixtrtion  of  itomHl  lin 
not  Hliortcr  tliaii  Hol't  |i(ii'tioii ;  fiU\  rnkitrH  Hliort  kiiil  toW;  vortical  liuib  ut'  lll'<^ 
ojiert'ld  oiitire;  Hcalei*  of  latcriit  lino  not  cnlurKod. 
b.  Tt-utli  all  (M)nic. 

c.  Prnniiixilliiry  very  Krt'atly  ])rotriictile;  analsiiinoH  0;  nnoul  not  lonK<^r  llian 
poHtorMtal  ])art  ot'hi'iid;  |irtM)rliital  narrow.  rKTRNiA,  iii;i. 

ee.  Proniaxillnry  nioderntoly  prutruotilu;  vontralH  iuaertwl  behind  oritjiu  ol 
dorNul. 
({,  JawH  Hiiliei]unl. 
e.  Anal  h|>1uoh  3. 

/.  Soft  portion  of  dorHal  and  unni  naked  or  Hcnlfd  al  linHe  only; 

caudal  HcaUtd  on  baHal  half;  h>wur  Jaw  without  diHtiu<'t 

canincH;  lower  lip  with  a  frenuni.  /Kijcidenm,  (114. 

rr.  Anal   HpiuoH  nioro  than  <1  (4  to  11),  mouiu  of  tho  teuth  nauallv 

onlarju;ed,  often  canine-like. 

If,  Lower  lip  with  n  frenuin,  itH  fold  interrupted  medially. 

(*i(ni-AHo.MA,cir.. 

ijg.  Lower  lip  without  frenuni,  forming  a  free  fold  for  'ts  whole 

extent.  llEKOS,  (llti. 

dd.  Jaws  unequal,  tho  loww  Jaw  inclndod;  anal  apings  4  or  5j  cleft  of 

mouth  short;  scales  on  <;heekH  HUiall.  TllBUAl's,  *!17. 

bb.  Teeth  not  all  conic,  a  series  of  incisors  in  front,  with  a  band  of  villi  form  tvetli 

behind  them ;  anal  Hpinen  8.  Kbetuoi'LUS,  018. 

aa.  Outer  gill  arch  with  a  compreHsed  lamelliforui  lobe  above. 

h.  Eye  behind  middle  of  head;  Hoft  dorsal  entirely  sealeloHs;  fold  of  lower  lip 
interrupted  in  front;  dorsal  spines  13  to  15 ;  anal  spines  3 ;  scales  on  cheek  n 
small.  Satanoi'Isrca,  Oil). 


Jordan  and  livermann.      I'ishis  of  North  .Inurica.     Irtl.'J 


613.   PETENIA,  (iiliitli«<i. 

/'.7i'>Wi>,  (IOntiiru,  (.'at.  I'IhIidn,  iv,  :iui,  \mi{»\tUniX\tUt). 

I'ri-iiiikxilluiy  oxlrciiiuly  inutiuctllu;  Niioiit  luii^,  liiit  not  l«>ii){iir  lliuii 
|iiiHturliltul  puito*' li«>u«l;  pmorbilul  intrrow  ;  iimmiIIi  olilii|iiti,  tho  pruiiitixil- 
I  iry  on  thu  liivol  til'  Iowit  tliinl  ofryo;  niiixilliiry  roiicliing  front  uiiiiKin  "f 
y\\i\  tuulli  itll  coniciil ;  ;;ill  riiktMNNliortiiinl  tVw  ;  |)i'i>u|H«rcItt  ontiro;  HciilrH 
l.ir^c,  thoHu  of  tlu>  liUurul  line  not  «inliirK««l.  Vtmtrul  iuNortutl  ImUow  ftoiit 
rl'  tlormil.  Aniil  HpinnMli.  Sp»cioH  :<,  of  (!untrul  Aniuri<-a,  Colonihiii,  un«l 
iiiirtliurn  Itrit/ll.  (Niiniulroni  l^iikr  IVtun,  (!nti(«)niiilii,  tlit<ori){inul  luuulity 
(.1  I'tliHin  xiileiulUlu. ) 

IN1>7.  I'KTKMIA  Nri,»:\IHI>A,  (iiiiilhitr. 

ll«>U(l2ii;<lopth:<.  It.  5;  1).  XV,  12;  A.  V,  10;  H(;al<'Hti-ll-17.  Mi'iul  <unK«-r 
iliiin  liigh;  HnoiitconipruHHud,  trian^^nlur;  lo\v«>r,iiiw  vitry  prominent;  Juwk 
I  Ntrt'nifly  protriii;tilo,  no  that  tlin  Hiiout  in  not  niiivh  Hhortur  tliiin  liuiid 
ulii'n  jiiwH  iiro  protriuitud;  prunmm-H  uf  iiitfrniitxillitriuH  <>\ton<lin){  back- 
\\:inl  to  ntipu  of  niHik ;  lon);tli  of  nian«lilil»H  'I  tliat  of  lunul.  'I'liu  );n<ut«tr 
|iiii'tion  of  maxillary  not  covurtMi  by  ))rooi  Itital,  and  tixtunding  boyond  vor- 
lical  from  ct^ntor  of  orbit;  oaclijaw  arnuMl  witb  a  band  of  viliiform  tuutb, 
I  lit)  onturHoriuH  containing  rath()rlar^«*r  conical  forth;  prttorbital  niirruwur 
than  orbit,  thu  diamotur  of  whi(3h  iH  ,';  or  }  lon^rth  of  bea<l;  inturorbital 
H\r,\vo  very  convex,  an  widu  hh,  or  widor  than,  orliit.  (iiU  mumbran*-8 
iMiit«^tl  below  throat,  and  not  attached  to  iHthnniH ;  llrHt  branchial  arch  with 
i:>  anterior  prominenccH.  DorHal  fin  comnu^ncin^  at  vortical  from  root  of 
;i(M'toraI,  itH  sp'ncH  of  moilcrato  length  and  Htren^th,  iucrutiMin^  in  length 
to  the  seventh  which  ia  ii  that  of  head ;  iiOHterittr  Hpineu  a  little  lonj^er  than 
middle  onen;  soft  doFHal  and  anal  rather  elevated,  extending  to,  or  nearly 
to,  rcot  of  caudal;  anal  HpincH  Htrong,  )  length  of  head;  caudal  rounded, 
i  ts  length  rather  more  than  ,',  of  total ;  free  portion  of  tail  longer  than  high ; 
pectoral  extending  to  tlrHt  anal  s]dno,  the  ventral  to  vent;  dlHtance  of 
\ent  from  ventral  nearly  i  length  of  head.  Scales  on  cheek  iu  abinit  7 
HerieH.  Greeninh,  Hhining  golden ;  head,  body,  and  vertical  finu  with  black 
(lots;  a  HericH  of  (>  (»r  7  large  round  black  HpotH  along  middle  of  Hide,  tiie 
last  Hpot  edged  with  white  and  situated  un  upper  half  of  root  of  caudal. 
Length  Hi  inches.  Lake  Poteu,  (juutemala.  (Uiinther.)  (HplendiduH, 
sliming.) 

I'llniia  tjUendiila,  (JCntheh,  (.'at.  Fishes,  iv,  301,  1S02,  Lake  Peten,  Ouatemala  (Coll. 
Salviu) ;  OUnthkk,  FIhIi.  Cuntr.  Am.,  40U,  pi.  70,  tig.  'J,  1860. 

614.  .^QUIDENS,  Kigenumnn  A:  Ihay. 
.K'HiideHS,  Kioenmann  \.  Huay,  Ann.  Ac.  Sol.  N.  Y.  1804, 016  {tHramerut). 

This  genus  includes  those  species  allied  to  Aatrouotiia,  which  have  3  anal 
H])ineB,  the  soft  dorsal  and  anal  naked  or  scaled  at  base  only,  no  canine 
teeth,  and  the  lower  lip  without  frenum.     Rivers  of  South  America;  the 
species  rather  uumnrouB.     (wquus,  o(\ualj  donA,  tooth). 
3030 18 


.'■  L 


wmm 


1514 


Bulletin  ./7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


ISDN.  Ji':({UII>KKS  t'tKIlULKUlMiiMTATlIN  (Knei  &  St«iii(1u<  hner). 

Head  rather  more  tliaiiH;  depth^i.  D.  XV,  10;  A.  Ill,  8;  Bcalcfl  2'-27-!i. 
(ireutest  Lreadth  of  head  |  its  length.  Nape  curved,  protile  of  htioih 
ntraight.  Width  of  interorbital  spaco  I  lengtli  of  head,  and  more  thim 
that  of  snout.  Snout  broad,  moderately  elevated;  width  of  preorbit;il 
scarcely  more  thaw  diameter  of  eye.  Cleft  of  mouth  slightly  oblique,  \\u\ 
reaching  vertical  from  orbit.  Fold  of  lower  lip  interrupted  in  middli . 
Lower  limb  (»f  preoperculum  inore  than  \  length  of  posterior  limit.  Oniv 
8  series  of  scales  between  throat  and  root  of  ventral.  Dorsal  ispinoB  oi 
n'odorate  strength,  gradually  increasing  in  length  posteriorly,  lengtii  nl 
ninth  more  than  ^  that  of  head;  middle  of  so't  dorsal  and  anal  })roductMl 
and  extending  beyond  middle  of  caudal,  which  is  rounded;  pectonl  as 
long  as  head,  reaching  only  to  origin  of  anal ;  ventral  filament  rather  loni^. 
Three  series  of  scales  on  cheek.  Body  »vith  4  or  5  indistinct  cross  bauds; 
a  largo  black  blotch  on  middle  of  sides,  and  traces  of  a  second  on  root  i>r 
caudal;  each  scale  on  side  of  head  and  chest  with  a  bluish  spot.     Length 

5  inches.     Kio  Chagres,  Atlantic  slope  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.     (Km  r 

6  Steindachuer.)     {caruleus,  blue;  j.unctatus,  dotted.) 

Aeara  coerideopvnctata,  Kneb  &  Stkindachn'kr,  Sitz.  bayor.  Akad.,  222, 1803,  Rio  Chagres, 
Isthmus  of  Panama  ((Joll. Salviii) ;  Knkii  &  S'i'EiNnAriiNEit,  Abhnmll.  bayer.  AUiiil. 
Wi88.,  X,  tab.  2,  flg.  3,  1864 ;  GCnther,  Fisb.  CVutr.  Am.,  449, 1869. 


\\   -i 


iw-i 


s;'i"'t 


615.  CICHLASOMA,  Swainson. 

Gichlaioma,  Swainsson,  Nat.  Hiitt.  CIush'ii FiHbei«,ot(;.,  n,  2l<0, 18U9  (punctatuii=^bimaculatii'<i 
Archocentni*,  Gill,  I'rot;.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phib>.  1877, 188  {centrarchut). 

This  genus  contains  those  species  p'lied  to  Astronotus,  which  have  1  to 
11  spines  in  the  anal  tin,  the  dorsal  and  anal  not  closely  scaled  and  (lie 
lower  lip  interrupted  mesially  to  form  a  frenuni.  Species  very  numerous, 
chiedy  South  American.  (Cicft/«,  a  related  genus;  (Jft>/<(r,  body ;  w/^A;/,  a 
thrush;  the  name  Ciehla  and  its  synonyms,  Turdua  and  jVwHZa,  transforreil 
by  early  authors  to  Labroid  lishos.)  The  following  analysis  of  specie.s  has 
little  Value.  A  natural  arrangement  will  be  possible  only  after  a  detailed 
comparison  of  the  various  forms : 

Clt»M.\8()MA: 

a.  Axial  fin  moderate,  its  spives  4  to  9  in  number. 

h.  Anul  8))inoa4;  body  ratber  .slender;  Hideu'witb  a  broad,  dark  lateral  band.    Dor 
sal  rays  XVI,  Vi.  kectangulake,  1890. 

bb.  Anal  spines  .'i,  occasionally  0. 

e.  Dorsal  ray«  mostly  XVI  or  XVII,  11  or  12. 
({.  Ueptb  less  tlian  ^  lengtli  of  body. 

IIAUTOM;     (JOBMANNI;      SIEWOLDI ;      IN 
TEKMEUIUM;  ANGULIFEKl'M,  1900-1904. 

dd.   Depth  about  4  length  of  body. 

FKNESTRATl'M  ;  MONTEZDMA,  1905 ;   1900. 

ee.  Dorsal  rays  XIV  or  XV,  12  or  13;  depth  of  body  IJ  in  it«  length. 

MACKACANTHUM,  1907. 

bbb.  Anal  spines  6  to  8,  rarely  5  or  9. 

c.  Depth  of  body  about  J  its  length. 

I'AIIMA;  MAllOARrf IFERDM ;  SPILtHUM;  LONdl 
MANUS;      HIFASCIATUM ;      IIKLLBKI,     19u8-19k 


v 


-!t. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  Norlh  America,      1515 


ce.  Depth  of  body  1«8j4  thnn  J  its  length,  2^  to  3  in  length. 

llALTEArrM;     ROSTIIATUM;    MKLANOPOQON ;    MBLAM'RITH ; 
NKnUI.IKKKrM;         I.ENTIUIN08UM ;  UBfPIl,       1014-1020. 

ARi'HOCENTRUS  (ap^ot,  nnilB;  Kivtpov,  Hpino) : 

aa.  Anal  tin  very  loni;,  it.s  spinvH  lU  ur  11  in  niitnlierj  (lei>tli  nliout  |  length. 

/.  Aniil  tin  with  7  soft  iuy«.  NiuKOFAacurusi!  multisI'INOshm,  1021;  1922. 

SS-  Aual  fin  with  0  soft  riiyH.  cemtuaucuuu,  1023. 

Subgenus  CICHLASOMA. 


INOO.  CK^IILAKOKA  KIXTAXJl'LAUK  (Strimlucimcr). 

Head  ?,\\  depth  2^.  D.  XVI,  18;  A.  IV,  11 ;  8(  alcH  ;W-21 ;  eye  4:(  in  bead, 
2  in  snout;  7  series  of  scales  on  tlieek.  Lower  lip  interrupte«l ;  outer  teeth 
large,  somewhat  ciinino-like,  their  tips  brown;  maxillary  n^aching  front 
of  eye;  premaxillary  moderately  protractile;  profile  depressed  iM^fore  eye, 
which  is  in  the  middle  of  length  of  head;  back  considerably  arched;  sub- 
orbital deep,  \\  times  eye.  Dorsal  spines  ratlier  low  and  strong;  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  luvxlerately  h.':^h  and  pointed ;  vcntrals  longer  than  pec- 
toral, 3);  in  head;  anal  spines  graduated;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  with  small 
scales  at  base ;  caudal  rounded.  Color  dark  brown ;  a  narrow  brown  ver- 
tical streak  on  each  scale  i>osteriorly ;  abroad  biackish  baud  beginning 
behind  the  eye,  running  backward  along  the  body  to  opposite  lir.st  soft  ray 
of  anal,  then  turning  abruptly  uitward  to  base  of  dorsal,  forming  a  right 
angle ;  a  large  black  blotch  at  base  of  caudal ;  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  cau- 
dal with  alternate  rows  of  yellow  and  dirty  blue  spots  on  the  membranes. 
I'ins  mostly  bluish,  dotted  with  black.  Length 7A  inches.  Mexico.  (Steiu- 
dachner.)  Not  seen  by  us.  {rectanyiilaris,  right-angled.) 
Acara  rectangularis,  Si'SiNDAriiNEii,  Chromiden  Mejicos,  1, 1804,  Mexico. 

19U0.  C'lCiiLASOXA  BAUTONI  (Heiin). 

Head  2J;  depth  2^.  D.  XIV,  11;  A.  IV,  9;  eye  4i  to  5 J  in  head,  or  2  in 
snout;  interorbital  width  li  in  snout;  scales  5-34-11.  Larger  examples 
with  nape  strongly  arched.  Mouth  very  oblique;  lower  Jaw  jirojectiug, 
maxilla  not  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  eye.  Length  of  upper  jaw 
*  that  of  head.  Teeth  in  jaws;  frenum  of  lower  jaw  distinct  (in  type 
specimens)  in  bands,  outer  series  much  enlarged  and  brown  at  tips;  head 
of  vomer  much  enlarged,  but  toothless;  palate  without  teeth.  Scales 
on  cheek  in  about  fi  series.  The  dorsal  beginning  over  gill  opening,  lirst 
spine  very  short,  second  somewhat  longer,  length  of  spines  gradually 
increi.8ing  backward,  last  and  longest  one  nearly  J  length  of  head ;  longest 
soft  rays  (third  and  fourth)  nearly  i  as  long  as  head;  spines  of  dorsal 
rather  slender;  anal  origin  nearly  under  beginning  of  soft  dorsal;  fourth 
anal  spJne  nearly  ^  as  long  as  head;  longest  anal  ray  (fourth)  more  than 
A  as  long  as  head ;  least  depth  of  tail  equals  length  of  snout;  middle  caudal 
rays  slightly  longer  than  longest  anal  ray;  pectoral  nearly  reaching  to 
above  origin  of  anal,  and  ventral  reaching  to  vent;  lateral  line  inter- 
rupted under  fourth  soft  ray  of  dorsal  and  begins  on  median  line  of  tail 
at  a  distance  below  upper  lino  a  little  greater  than  diameter  of  eye.  Color 
purjdish  brown;  from  head  to  tail  a  broad  dark  band,  more  or  less  broken 
up  into  sei)arate  blotches,  tht;  last  of  which  is  very  distinct  at  base  of  tail ; 


i 


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1516  Bulletin  4.y,  Lhiitcd  States  National  Museum, 


m 


fins  dusky.  In  a  spuoimen  about  5  inches  \ow^  the  cheolis  an<i  suoiit  iiro- 
fusrily  covered  witli  niiuiito  roiindiHh  brown  dots,  t'oiir  specimens,  \\\  to 
7  inches  long,  collected  in  llau/tecu  I'otosina,  a  region  situated  n<»rth  of 
Guunnjuato,  in  8au  Luis  I'otosi,  Mexico,  (licuu.)  (Named  for  liarton  A. 
Itean,  assistant  curator  of  ichtliyology  in  the  United  States  Natioiiul 
Musuuni,  a  conscientious  naturalist.) 

Acara  hartoniy')^.\\.  ISban,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nnt.  Mux.  189'J,  280,  Hauzteca  Potosina,  San  Luis 
Potosi,  Mexico.    (Ty|>e,N<>.4U7U5.    Coll.  All'rtdo  Dugvs.) 

1001.  CirilliASOMA  (JOUMANM  ((iiiiitlioi). 

Head  «  to  3i;  depth  2f.  1).  XVI  or  XVII,  13  or  12;  A.  V,  9;  scales 
5-3'{-13.  Head  as  high  aa  long;  snout  rath<^r  elevated;  preorbital  wider 
than  orbit;  ]>rolilc  of  nape  nuich  curved;  cleft  of  mouth  rather  narrow, 
horizontal;  jaws  «>qual  anteriorly;  maxillary  not  extendiug  backward 
to  v«>rtical  from  front  margin  of  eye;  the  (i  front  teeth  of  outer  scries 
the  longest,  deep  brown;  nape  elevated;  orbit  <"OU8iderjibly  below  upper 
profile  of  head;  opei'cles  scaly.  Dorsal  and  amil  fins  very  slightly  scaly 
at  base;  spinous  dorsal  low,  length  of  twelfth  spine  ^  that  of  head;  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  somewhat  jiroduced,  extending  beyond  root  of  caudal; 
free  portion  of  tail  somewhat  higher  than  long;  caudal  snbtrnnca ted,  i, 
total  length;  pectoral  shorter  than  head,  but  rather  longer  than  A'cntral, 
which  does  not  extend  to  vent.  Head  grayish  olive;  checks  and  liody 
reddish  olive;  an  irregular  blackish  band  proceeding  from  above  pec- 
toral to  'A  black  spot  in  middle  of  root  of  caudal ;  a  black  spot  above 
origin  of  lateral  band;  opercles,  back,  and  vertical  fins  with  black  dots. 
Length  7  in«'hef>.  (Guatemala.  (Giinther.)  (Named  for  its  discoverer, 
Mr.  Godp\AU.) 

Heros  godmanni,  GUnther,  Cat.  Fishes,  iv,  296,  1862,  Rio  de  Cahabon,  Guatemala  (Cull. 
Godiuan  \  Salviii) ;  Gt)NTHER,  Fishes  Ceutr.  Am.,  466,  pi.  74,  fig.  5,  1869. 

19U2.  (;u;ilIiASOMA  NIGBOLDIl  (Kuor  \  Steiudachner). 

Head  3;  depth  2^^;  eye  4  to  5  in  head.  D.  XVII,  11;  A.  V,  8;  scales  33. 
Body  oblong,  the  back  not  much  elevated;  the  head  bluntly  and  evenly 
convex;  cleft  of  mouth  terminal,  not  very  low,  as  long  as  eye;  lip 
rather  vague,  its  folds  interruiited ;  10  or  12  teeth  in  outer  row  iu  each 
Jaw,  these  larger  than  in  most  related  spi^cies,  somewhat  coni])rcssed, 
and  with  deep  brown  tips;  5  rows  of  scales  on  cheek;  preorbital  as 
broad  as  eye.  Dorsal  spinas  rather  low,  the  soft  rays  somewhat  poiuted ; 
caudal  rounded ;  pectoral  short,  1^  in  head ;  ventral  about  the  same.  Clear 
brown,  somewhat  darker  above;  middle  of  each  scale  with  a  small  black- 
ish spot,  these  forming  a  dusky  line  along  each  row  of  scales;  about  S 
dusky  crossbars  formed  of  2  or  3  vague,  partially  confluent  dusky 
shades,  the  lowest  of  these  shades  above  level  of  pectoral,  forming  an 
obscure  row  of  blotches  from  gill  opening  to  base  of  caudal ;  dorsal,  anal, 
and  caudal  with  distinct  dusky  spots  arranged  in  cross  rows;  paired  fins 
with  black  specks  but  not  spotted;  jjouui  blo,ck  spots  on  sides  of  head. 
Length  5  to  8  inches.  Known  from  11  specimens  from  New  Grenada  and 
from  the  west  slope  of  the  peninsula  of  Tanama.     (Kuer  &.  Steindach- 


Jorda n  and  Evcrma n n .  — Fishes  of  North  A m erica .     1517 

nor.)  This  fish  is  proh&bly  not  flnftlcioiitly  distinct  from  C.  yodmanni. 
((Jiinther. )  (Named  for  rrofossor  von  SiH>old,  of  Vicnnn,  author  of  a 
work  on  the  Fishes  of  Austria.) 

Uerntneholdii,  Knkr  &.  Stbindaciingr,  AMiantll.  l>nyor.  Akiul.  WIhr.,  x,  13, 1864,  pi.  2,  fltr.  2, 
New  Grenada ;  GOntiik:    Fisb.  Ccntr.  Am.,  400, 1869. 

loot.  nCilliASONA  INTERMEDIUM  (Oiiiitlicr). 

Head  3i;  depth  2^  D.  XVII  or  XVri,  11;  A.  V  or  VI,  10  or  8;  scales 
5-32-13.  Head  as  hi^h  as  long;  preorbitiil  rather  wider  than  orbit;  eye 
not  very  remote  from  profihi  of  nape,  which  is  <'urved ;  cleft  of  mouth 
lather  narrow,  horizontal ;  Jaws  ecpial  anteriorly.  Base  of  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  with  scarcely  any  scales;  dorsal  spines  of  moderate  length  and 
Htr.nigth,  length  of  twelfth  i  or  nearly  ^  that  of  head;  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  extending  slightly  beyond  root  of  caudal;  free  portion  of  tail  not 
(liiito  so  long  as  high:  caudal  snbtruncated,  its  length  \  of  total;  pectoral 
Hliorter  than  head,  but  rather  long«)r  than  ventral,  which  extends  nearly 
to  vent  Fold  of  lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle;  .^)  or  T)  series  of  scales 
on  check.  Brownish,  lower  parts  red  in  adults;  abroad  angular  brown 
liand  on  t  nnk,  its  horizontal  branch  extending  from  gill  opening  to  ver- 
tical from  first  anal  spine,  while  its  vertical  )>ranch  ascends  to  hinder 
•loi'sal  spines;  each  scale  within  this  band  with  a  black  vertical  streak;  a 
ratlier  narrow  brown  band  running  from  angular  band  to  a  blackish  spot 
at  root  of  caudal;  vertical  fins  with  whitish  ocelli,  inclosed  by  reddish 
streakt).  Length  6  inches.  Tiake  I'eten.  (CJiinthor.)  (iiitermediua,  inter- 
mediate.) 

Items  intermedint,  (JCntiier,  Cat.  Fishes,  iv,  298, 1862,  Lake  Peten  (Coll.  Gmhiiaii  &  Sal- 
viii);  (iliNTHKii,  Fish.  (;pntr.  Am.,  408,  pi.  78,  (Ig.  1, 1809. 


i  ! 


1004.  CiniLASOMA  ANflULIFERlIM  (Giiithcr). 

Head  Vr,  depth  2L  D.  XVII  or  XVIII,  10;  A,  V,  8;  scales  4-3:{-12. 
Head  as  high  as  long;  preorbital  scarcely  wider  than  orbit;  eye  not  very 
loiiioto  from  profile  of  nape,  which  is  slightly  curve<l;  cleft  of  mouth 
rather  narrow,  horizontal;  Jaws  eijual  anteriorily;  maxillary  not  extend- 
ing backward  to  vertical  from  front  margin  of  eye.  Dorsal  and  anal  fins 
not  scaly ;  dorsal  spines  of  moderate  length  and  strength,  length  of  twelfth 
};  that  of  head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  extending  to  root  of  caudal;  free  por- 
tion of  tail  as  long  as  high;  caudal  subtruncate<l,  its  length  not  quite  ^^ 
total;  ]»ectoral  shorter  than  head,  but  longer  than  venti-al,  which  does 
not  extend  to  vent.  Fold  of  lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle;  4  series 
ol  scales  on  cheek.  Brownish  olive,  with  a  broad  angular  black  b.and  on 
ti  link,  its  horizontal  branch  extending  from  eye  to  vertical  from  first  anal 
s])iiie,  its  vertical  branch  ascending  to  hinder  dorsal  spines;  some  scales 
within  the  band  and  on  o]>orcle8  with  a  black  dot;  a  round  blackish  blotch 
on  root  of  caudal  fin.  Length  4  inches.  Guatemala.  (Giiiitber.)  (aiigu- 
Ihs,  angle;  J'cro,  I  bear.) 

Ilirni  anfiulifer,  OdNTnEU,  Cat.  Fishes,  iv,  298, 1802,  Yzaba'.,  Guatemala  (Coll.  Godiiian 
&.  Salvin) ;  GCntukh,  Fisli.  Ceiitr.  Am.,  469,  pi.  85,  flg.  1, 1809. 


\ 


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1518  DnUetiti  4y,  United  States  National  Museum. 


l»or>.  CiniLASOMA  FKNESTKATITN  (Giiiither). 

Head  3;  depth  2.  1).  XVI  or  XVII,  12;  A.  V  or  VI,  9;  bcuIch  14-:W-i:{. 
Yi'rtclirii)  14-fli>-  II«\a(l  as  high  as  long;  snout  of  moderate  oxtont, 
slightly  elevated,  the  )>reorbital  somewhat  wider  than  orbit;  cloft  ol 
month  Hniall,  horizontal.  Jaws  e(|ual  anteriorly;  eye  below  nppor  profile, 
noarnr  to  oxtromity  of  snout  thnn  to  that  of  operculum;  interorbital 
space  ronv«!x,  wider  than  orbit.  Vortical  fins  very  slightly  scaly  iit  baHc; 
dorsal  Hpiues  moderately  strong,  length  of  twolftli  \  that  of  head;  the  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  pointed,  their  points  not  extending  to  middle  of  caudal; 
caudal  rounded ;  distance  between  dorsal  and  caudal  less  than  grcatcNt 
depth  of  free  ])ortion  of  tail;  pectoral  shorter  tlian  head ;  ventral  pointed. 
Fold  of  lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle;  ,'>  series  of  scales  on  check. 
Brownish  green,  with  ft  dark  cross  bands,  less  distinct  in  old  individuals 
than  in  young  ones,  crossing  a  deep-black  Icmgitudinal  band  which  runs 
from  above  pectoral  to  mid  lie  of  root  of  caudal;  vertical  and  ventral 
fins  blackish,  darkest  at  base  and  margins.  Length  G  inches.  Kivers  of 
southern  Mexico,    (fenestraiiis,  with  window-like  or  lattice-like  nuirkings. ) 

Chromii  fenettrata,  GOntukb,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  1800,  ItlH,  Rio  de  la  Lana,  Mexico. 

(Coll.  M.  Sail.-.) 
IIeros/ene8tratna,  (JltNTHEii,  (Jut.,  IV,  280, 1862. 


ki  • 


IWOO.  CICIiLAKUMA  MONTEZUMA  (llockol). 

D.  XVI,  11;  A.  V, —  ;  lateral  line  30.  Fold  of  lower  lip  interrupted  in 
middle;  5  sc^ries  of  scales  on  ch(^ek.  Body  with  C  dark  cross  bands,  the 
last  around  root  of  caiulal  and  marked  with  a  black  spot.  (Ileckcl. ) 
Mexico.  A  scarcely  known  species.  (Moute/.uma,  the  lost  king  of  tht; 
Aztecs.) 

lTfto$  monti'ZHina,  Heckici,,  JSiiiHil.  FluBsFisclie,  38;i,  1840,  Mexico;  GOntheh,  Cat.,  iv, 
2it6, 1862. 

:»07.  CK'liLASOMA  MA<'RA(M\TIIIJM  (Giiuthur). 

Head  3;  depth  l.i.  D.  XIV  or  XV,  12  or  13;  A.  V,  9  or  10;  scales 
5^-31-15.  Head  rather  higher  than  long,  r.apo  convex,  but  upper  profile 
showing  a  slight  concavity  abovo  snout.  Snout  of  rather  considerable 
extent,  height  of  preorbital  I  more  than  width  of  orbit;  cleft  of  mouth 
slightly  oblique,  preorbital  almost  covering  posterior  end  of  maxillary, 
which  does  not  attain  line  of  front  margin  of  eye ;  jaws  rather  protractile, 
armed  with  a  broad  band  of  villiforra  teeth,  those  of  outer  series  enlarged; 
interorbital  space  convex,  nearly  twice  width  of  orbit;  eye  somewhat 
nearer  to  end  of  operculum  than  to  that  of  snout;  base  of  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  with  a  few  small  scales;  dorsal  and  anal  spines  strong;  first  dorsal 
spine  a  little  before  vertical  from  upper  end  of  gill  opening;  twelfth  dorsal 
spine  a  little  less  than  \  length  of  head  in  adults,  fifteenth  longest,  and 
more  than  |  length  of  head ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  much  «devated,  middle 
rays  produced;  caudal  rounded;  ]»ectoral  rounded,  aboiit  as  long  as  head; 
first  ventral  ray  slightly  prolonged;  free  i)ortion  of  tail  nearly  twice  as 
deep  as  long.  Lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle.  Scales  on  cheek  in  5 
series.     Creenish  or  brownish  (dive;  fins  t>lack;  a  more  or  less  distimt 


Jordan  and  F.vcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1519 


Mack  Hpotoii  root  of  caiidiil  tin,  above  lateral  lino.  Iminatiiro  individuals 
with  (i  very  indiHtinct  dark  crosH  bandH,  the  tbird  of  wbich  baa  a  blackiub 
hlotcb  below  lateral  line;  an  indistinct  blaclciHli  npot  at  root  of  caudal  iin. 
iiougtb  9  inches.  Chiapas  and  Huamncbal.  (Uiinther.)  (i«aK/3()$,  large; 
ixnavfia,  spine.) 

\lero  inacrneanthut,  ODnther,  Prod.    /ool.   .Soc.   Loud.   1804,  l.'>:i,  Chiapas  and   Hua- 
muchal;  UnNTiiBK,  FiHlum  ('ciitr.  Am.,  451,  1800. 

1008.  (!H:illiANONA  PAK.HA  ((iiiiitlu<r). 

I  read  .3;  depth  2.  D.  XVII,  12or  13;  A.  VI,  9or  10;  .ales  5-31-13.  Head 
rather  higher  than  long,  witli  the  nape  very  convex  in  adults;  snout  of 
moderate  extent,  compressed,  nior«  or  less  elevated,  much  longer  than  eye; 
(loft  of  month  slightly  oblicine,  Jaws  equal  anteriorly,  and  maxillary  hid- 
ileu  below  preorbital,  not  extending  to  below  front  niivrgin  of  orbit.  Jaws 
rather  pr(»tractile,  armed  with  a  broad  band  of  villiforui  teeth,  the  teeth 
(if  the  (Uiter  soiies  being  enlarged;  preorbital  wider  than  orbit;  ir.teror- 
liital  space  very  convex,  wider  than  orbit;  eye  nearly  in  middle  of  length 
of  head ;  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  with  a  few  small  seales ;  dorsal  spines 
of  moderate  length  and  strength,  length  of  twelfth  rather  l«>ss  than  k  that 
of  head  in  adults,  and  exactly  .1  in  young  ones;  soft  ditrsal  and  anal  ele- 
sated;  caudal  rounded;  pectoral  rounded,  not  mueh  shorter  than  head; 
outer  ventral  ray  prolonged,  less  so  in  young  individuals;  fold  of  lower 
lip  interrupted  in  middle;  5  or  0  series  of  scales  on  cheek.  Brownish  or 
jrreenish  olive,  with  7  very  indistinct  dark  cross  bands.  The  specimens 
from  Guatemala  have  a  large  Idack  blotch  on  middle  of  root  of  caudal, 
i'ins  dark  brown  in  the  adult,  lighter  in  the  young,  and  with  a  few  scat- 
tered dark  dots.  Length  iMnches.  Mexico  and  Guatemala.  (Giinther.) 
{pur ma,  a  shield.) 

lleros  panna,  <K3ntiieb,  Cat.  Fishes,  iv,  285,  1802,  Mexico  and  Guatemala;  (JI'inthkh, 
FiHlies  Ceiitr.  Am.,  449, 1809. 


inOt).  UUIILASOMA  MARflARITIFERUM(Giiutlier). 

Head  3;  depth  nearly  2.  1).  XVII,  11;  A.  VII,  9;  Scales  5-31-13. 
Head  rather  higher  than  long;  ii  fleshy  hump  on  nape,  whicdi  is  prob- 
ably a  character  of  mature  age;  snout  compressed,  rather  high,  of  mod- 
orate  extent,  its  length  contained  2Jr  in  that  of  head;  preorbital  mueh 
wider  thiin  orbit,  the  diameter  of  which  is  i  length  of  snout;  cleft  of 
mouth  slightly  oblique,  with  lower  jaw  a  little  prominent  beyond  upper; 
maxillary  hidden  below  ])reorbital,  not  extending  to  front  margin  of 
eye;  jaws  protractile,  armed  with  a  broadish  baud  of  vHliform  teeth, 
those  of  the  outer  series  the  larger;  eye  nearer  to  extremity  of  operculum 
than  to  that  of  snout;  scales  on  check  not  much  smaller  than  those  on 
opercles;  a  few  small  scales  at  base  of  soft  portions  of  vertical  tins. 
Dorsal  spines  of  moderate  strength  and  length,  length  of  twelfth  con- 
tained 2^  in  that  of  head ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  somewhat  elevn  cod  in 
middle,  extending  to  base  of  caudal;  free  portion  of  tail  as  long  as  high; 
caudal  flu  slightly  omarginato,  with  lobes  rounded,  i  total  length ;  pec 
toral  shorter  than  head,  extending  to  third  anal  spine;  outer  ventral  ray 


m 


1620 


Biilleiin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


8  ^'1 


Hi 


produced  into  11  ahort  Ulument.  Fold  of  lower  lip  slightly  interrupted  in 
middle;  5  or  0  serieH  of  Hcales  on  ciieok.  UrowiiiBli  olive,  with  7  hiack 
croBH  handa;  the  first  in  front  of  dorsal  iin;  second  to  fifth  helow  bpinouH 
dorsal,  partly  extending  on  fin;  the  sixth  lielowond  of  dorsal;  the  sevcntli 
across  free  portion  of  tail;  osich  of  tlieso  cross  liands  lius  uunierous  jx'url- 
colored  spots;  root  of  caudal  with  a  hlackish  spot.  Length  G^  inclicH. 
Guatemala,     (margtmta,  ^npyapiTy}%,  pearl;  fero,  I  hear.) 

Htrot  margariti/er,  (iOntiikh,  Cut.  FIhIm-h,  iv,  287,  1802,  Lake  Peten,  Guatemala  (Cull. 
Godnmn  &.  Salvin) ;  GOnyheu,  FiHlieH  (Joiitr.  Am.,  450,  pi.  71,  flj;.  2, 1800. 

1010.  ClOllliAMONA  NPILVIIDN  (OiUithcr). 

Head  nearly  3;  depth  2.  D.  XVIII,  10;  A.  VIII  or  IX,  7  or  8;  scales 
4^29-11.  Head  a  little  higher  than  long;  snout  of  moderate  extent,  its 
length  i  that  of  head ;  diameter  of  eye  f  length  of  head,  «  that  of  snout, 
and  less  than  width  of  iuterorbital  space,  which  is  convex;  eye  situatod 
bidow  upper  profile,  a  little  nearer  to  extremity  of  operculum  tlum  to  thai 
of  snout ;  proorbital  as  wide  as  orl)it ;  cleft  of  moutli  very  narrow,  scarcely 
ohliquo,  with  .jaws  equal  anteriorly;  opercles  scaly;  vertical  fins  scaly  at 
Itase;  dorsal  Hpiues  of  moderate  length  and  strength,  length  of  twelftli 
contained  2^  in  that  of  head;  points  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  extending  to 
middle  of  caudal;  caudal  rounded;  distance  between  dorsal  and  caudal 
h'tm  than  depth  of  tail ;  pectoral  nearly  as  long  as  head,  extending  to 
fourth  anal  spine;  outer  ventral  ray  prolonged  into  a  short  fHanuHit. 
Fold  of  lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle;  4  series  of  scales  on  cheek. 
Greenish  olive,  with  9  dark  ventral  bands;  a  large  ronndish  black  spot  on 
middle  of  root  of  caudal;  no  spot  on  temple;  caudal  and  posterior  part 
of  dorsal  and  anal  with  whitish  spots.  Length  3^  inches.  Rio  Montagnn, 
Guatemala.     (Giinther.)    (ottiXo?,  spot;  ovpd,  tail.) 

Ileros  ajnlurvs,  GDnthrk,  Cnt.  Fislios,  iv,  289,  1802,  Rio  Montagua,  Guatemala  (Cull. 
Salvin) ;  QUnthbr,  Fishes  Contr.  Aiu.,  451,  pi.  73,  lig.  1, 1809. 


Iilail 

■j'ce 

wliiil 

on  CM 

inilil 

illc 

iiH'lil 

//-•nil 

<4 


H  . 


1'^ 


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1011.  CICHLASOMA  IiO>0IXANUS  (Oiinthcr). 

Head  2? ;  depth  2^.  D.  XVI,  10 ;  A.  VI,  8 ;  scales  4^-28-12.  Head  rather 
longer  than  high;  cleft  of  month  slightly  obliciue,  with  lower  jaw  promi- 
nent; upper  profile  of  head  straight;  .jaws  moderately  protractile ;  max- 
illary not  extending  to  vertical  from  front  margin  of  eye;  preorbital  an 
wido  as  diameter  of  eye,  whii.u  is  somewhat  less  than  width  of  iuteror- 
bital spac4«,  and  more  than  i  length  of  head;  eye  immediately  hencatli 
upper  profile  of  head,  and  a  little  nearer  to  end  of  operculum  than  to  that 
of  snout ;  dorsal  commencing  vertically  above  scapula,  the  spinous  portion 
having  its  upper  mai'gin  convex,  spines  slender  and  long,  fifth  and  sixth 
the  longest,  i  length  of  head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  having  middle  rays 
somewhat  longer  than  others,  and  reaching  to  about  middle  of  caudal ; 
soft  anal  slightly  scaly  at  base,  soft  dorsal  scarcely  or  not  at  all  scaly; 
anal  spines  shorter  but  somewhat  stronger  than  those  of  dorsal ;  caudal 
slightly  emarginate;  pectoral  ver.v  long,  slightly  longer  than  head,  and 
extending  nearly  to  end  of  anal;  ventral  with  outer  ray  produced  into  a 


Jordan  and  livermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1521 


Ulainout;  distaiico  between  vent  and  root  of  vcntralM  \  length  of  head. 
'locth  in  jiiWB  Huiall,  cardiforni,  forming  n  bund,  thoHo  of  outer Heri«>H Honie- 
wliiit  larffer  than  others;  fold  of  lower  lip  int«u-rn|>ted  in  middle;  Hcalca 
(III  oheek  in  3  or  4  series ;  sdiilcH  on  operclus  largo,  dlroenish  olive,  with  an 
iiiiliHtiu*;t  blackish  band  running  from  orbit  to  a  largo  black  spot  on  mid- 
dle of  side;  dorsal  fin  with  nnnierons  round  whitish  Hpots.  Length  5^ 
ituthes.    Lake  Nicaragua.     (Oiinthor.)    (lo/it/Hs,  long;  manxa,  hand.) 

lletm  l(m;iimannH,  (H^NTHEit,  Fish.  Cuutr.  Am.,  453,  pi.  72,  llg.  2,  1800,  Lake  Nicaragu':. 
(Coll.  Uapt.  Dow.) 

1912.  CK'HLANOMA  BIFAKt'IATUM  (Steiiiilaclinnr). 

Head  ^•,  depth  2i.  1).  XVII,  l.S;  A.  VI,  9;  scales  35-20.  Body  oval, 
iiiodonittfly  compressed,  the  back  regularly  arched;  head  bluntish;  eye 
5  in  head;  5  or  0  rows  of  scales  on  cheeks;  preorbital  broad,  nearly 
twice  eye;  mouth  small,  upper  lip  thickish;  lower  thin,  disappearing 
II  iiteriorly ;  teeth  rather  strong ;  vcntruls  pointed,  4i^  in  length ;  pectoral  4 ; 
dorsal  spines  rather  strong;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  pointed;  caudal  rounded. 
Color  reddish  yellow;  naked  parts  of  head  violet  blue;  2  broad  black 
longitudinal  bauds  along  sides  of  body,  tliu  upper  ending  at  last  ray  of 
Koft  dorsal,  the  lower  running  from  angle  of  opercle  to  base  of  caudal, 
tlio  upper  band  broadest;  ventrals  yellowish  gray,  other  fins  dark  brown 
with  round  dark-blno  spots  on  the  membranes  of  the  soft  rays.  Length 
it  I  inches.     Mexico.     (Stoindachuer.)     (hifanciatiin,  two-banded.) 

Iltrtin hifaiciatut,  Stkindaciineii,  Chroinidon  MojicoH,  4,  18(»4,  Mexico. 

10i:t.  CICHLASONA  IIKLLKRI  (SUandachncr). 

Head  3;  depth  2;  eye  3i  in  head.  D.  XIV  to  XVI,  10  to  12;  A.  VI  to 
VIII,  8  or  9;  scales  5-31  or  32-14.  Body  short  and  deep,  compressed,  the 
biu^k clevaLed,  the  snout  sbsirp  antl  low,  the  i)rofilo  deiiressed  before  eye; 
4  or  5  rows  of  scales  on  cheeks.  Outer  teeth  long  and  slender,  pectoral 
long,  reaching  sixth  anal  spine,  about  as  long  as  head;  ventral  longer 
than  head,  reaching  last  anal  spine;  spines  high;  soft  dorsal  and  anal 
])o!nted;  caudal  lunate.  Color  brownish,  with  5  or  6  faint  cross  bands; 
on  the  upper  half  of  the  third  cross  band  a  largo  jet-black  blotch  where 
it  crosses  a  dark  lengthwise  stripe  from  upper  edge  of  gill  o])nning  to  base 
of  caudal;  a  round  dark  blot<'h  on  sulioperclo;  cheeks  usually  with  large 
Idue  points;  dorsal  and  anal  with  dark-bine  spots;  caudal  brownish, 
unspotted,  but  with  dark  spec^ks;  a  narrow  dark  cross  band  at  base  of 
caudal.  Length  5^  inches.  Rio  Teapa,  Tabasco,  Mexico.  (Steindachner.) 
(Named  for  its  discoverer.  Prof.  Karl  Heller.) 

Ih'rott  helleri,  STEiNltAruNKR,  Cliroinideii  Mojicos,  8,  1864,  Rio  Teapa,  Tabasco,  Mexico. 

i:ni.  CIUIILASOMA  IIALTEATl'M  ((ill!  &,  BrniiHford). 

Depth  rather  more  than  2^.  D.  XVIII,  10;  A.  VII,  7.  Head  abbreviated 
and  snout  convex  above  ani;  almost  subtruncated  in  front;  caudal  pedun- 
cle little  higher  than  long,  and  gradually  diminishing  to  tail;  length  of 
snout  2i  times  in  that  of  head ;  interorbltal  area  flat ;  preoperculum  mostly 


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I 

• 

M  ^ 

ir)22  liulletifi  ./7,  V titled  States  Natiotiai  Mttsemn. 

vertical,  but  convoxly  protuberant  at  anKlc:  buccal  ncales  in  6  rowH;  jaws 
normally  dovolopod;  Hnpramnxillary  terminating;  at  a  vorticiul  in  front ui 
orbit;  lower  lip  indicated  by  an  olmoloto  told,  wanting  toward  symphyHlN; 
teetli  in  outer  row  moderately  unlarged;  dornal  iin  slightly  devulojieil; 
anterior  HpinoR  rather  Hlowly  gratluatcd,  and  the  rest  Hube«|ual;  longest 
soft  rayH,  when  bent  l)ack,  extending  to  tonninal  halt'  of  «^audal;  anal  tin 
•commencing  under  about  fourteenth  dorttal  Hpino;  Hpint^N  at  tirHt  rapi(ll\ 
and  then  gradually  incroaHing  in  length  barkward;  hmgest  Hoft  ra,VM, 
when  bent  back,  reaching  second  third  of  caudal  fin;  caudal  fin  ^)^  tiiixs 
in  extreme  length,  an<l  slightly  euiarginated;  pectoral  tins  reaching  back- 
ward to  vertical  of  third  aual  spiiut,  and  tilamcntary  rayn  of  ventral  tins 
extending  to  fourth  or  lifth  anal  HpiM*<.  liack  dneliniug  rather  slowly,  and 
in  a  gentle  curve  to  tail,  and  in  front  of  dornal  boldly  decurved  to  fort>- 
head.  Color  (in  Hpirits)  yellowish  orange;  a  rather  broad  black  baml 
extending  from  postocular  region  across  operculum  and  shoulder,  alonj; 
flanks  to  spot  at  base  of  <-andal  fin;  buck  in  front  of  dorsal  with  a 
Itlackiuh  spot,  and  under  1)a8e  of  dorsal  fin  are  more  or  less  defined  dark 
areas  or  spots;  dorsal  fin  dusky  and  immaculate,  as  are  also  the  anal  and 
caudal;  pectoral  fnis  yellowish  at  base  and  dusky  beyond,  and  the  yen 
tral  has  outer  rays  dusky  (but  with  edge  of  external  lighter)  and  inner 
yellowish ;  Itranchiostegal  membrane  below  orange  or  yellowish,  and  the 
breast  slate-colored.  Lake  Nicaragua.  ((<ill  tV  liransford.)  (halfealus, 
belted.) 

nerot   baltfntun,  (in-L   \    I<i(AN!>Koni>,    Vrm;.    Ac.    Nut.    Sci.    I'liila.    1877,   184,    Lake 
Nicaragua. 

1915.  (ICIILASOMA  UOSTKATITN  (Gill  &  BrnnHtoKl). 

Depth  2jt;  caudal  peduncle  )(  higher  at  base  than  long.  Its  greatest 
height  bears  to  its  length  the  ratio  of  10  to  8.  Head  acutely  pointed,  and 
snout  above  rectilinear.  Length  of  snout  exceeds  i  that  of  head.  Inter- 
orbital  area  nearly  flat.  Preoperculum  and  clu-eks  very  oblique.  Bucciil 
scales  in  6  rows.  Jaws  normally  developed.  Superior  maxillary  tisrnii- 
natcs  at  a  vertical  a  little  nearer  eye  than  snout,  and  the  articulation  of 
lower  jaw  is  notably  in  advance  of  eye.  Lips  moderately  developed,  and 
lower  one  separated  by  a  broad  freuum  at  middle.  Dorsal  fin  well 
developed;  anterior  spines  ra|>idly  graduated,  the  rest  subequal;  the 
soft  rays,  when  bent  back,  extend  a  little  beyond  basal  third  of  caudal. 
Anal  fin  commencing  under  about  twelfth  dorsal  spine,  its  first  4  spines 
rapidly  increase,  and  its  last  2  moderately;  soft  part,  when  bent  back, 
extending  a  little  beyond  l»asal  fourth  of  caudal.  Caudal  enters  4^  times 
in  extreme  length,  and  is  subtruncate,  but  slightly  emarginated  in  middle. 
Pectoral  fins  Avell  developed  and  extending  about  as  far  backward  as  first 
anal  rays.  Ventral  fins  have  filamentary  rays,  which  extend  backward  to 
last  anal  spine.  Back  declines  rather  rapidly  to  tail,  and  in  front  of  dorsal 
is  slightly  gibbous.  Color  a  bronzed  olive,  indistinctly  crossed,  at  least 
in  the  young,  by  2  bands,  1  under  dorsal  and  the  other  below  its  last  rays; 
later  these  fade  out  more  or  less,  leaving  of  the  first  only  a  rather  indis- 
tinct dorsal  saddle  under  median  spines,  and  of  the  second  a  distinct  black 


ill' 


m    J 


Jordan  avd  livvrwaiui. — Fishes  of  North  America,      1523 

M|iot  b<^low  ]iitf!r.'il  ltiii<;  n  black  H))<»t  iiIho  at  haHo  of  ctuKlal  tin,  inoHtly 
iiliove  lateral  lino;  bn-ant  aiul  lo\v»r  Hiit-fac<>  of  head  broiix<Ml  or  ItlnrkiHli 
Inward  mutiirity;  dornal  at  itH  HpinouH  part  <1uhU,v  and  iniinaciilato,  but 
in  itH  Hoft  (tortion  tliverHiliiMl  by  diinky  anian  in  H  or  5  rowH.  nnparatt^l  Ity 
'>  Mi'ow  li^lit  int«)rHpac«H;  anal  nioro  iitmrly  nniforni,  but  ntill  liaH  a  few 
liLflit  Np<itB;  caudal  reticulated  by  liri^;lit  IntcrHpaccH  on  a  duHky  ^rroiind; 
|ii'(rtoralH  HpotloBs;  vcntrah  tlusky.  Lake  Nicarajjua.  ((lill  A'  MrauH- 
((irtl.)  Fill  rayH  not  described.  The  H]>ecicH  Ih  Haid  to  be  cloHcly  related 
to  llvrot  ajDlnln,  which  has  I).  XVI,  S  or  !>;  A. VIII  or  IX,  X  or  7.  (roHtrulu», 
I(in)j-nosed.) 

lUff*  ri>Mti-atiiii.V,\\.\.  \  IJitANsKoiii),  rroc.  Ac.  Niit.  Sci.  I'lillii.  1H77,  181,  Lake  Nicaragua, 


I9I«.  nrill.ANOMA  MKIiANOrOOOK  (Stciiiilixhiiflr). 

Head  :|!, ;  depth  2\.  1).  XVI  or  XVIT,  IL';  A.  VI,  0;  scaleH  O.l-.'JO-lU;  eye 
I  in  head;  ])ectoral  4  in  body.  Fold  of  lower  lip  interru|)ted  in  inidtllo; 
,")  or  (>  aerioH  of  Hcales  on  cheek.  Color  rcddiHh  brown,  with  I  blacJc 
lilotchch  alonj;  base  of  dorflal;  another  row  of  black  blotchcH  aloii);  hI'Ic 
lieliind  )>ectoral  reaching  base  ofcauduL;  lower  tiiiH  with  HpotH  of  niother- 
ol-pearl,  which  also  extend  on  the  black  blotchcH ;  2  black  crosH  HtreakH  on 
forehead.  Length  tUncheH.  Central  America.  (Steiiidachnur.)  (///:'A(r$, 
Mack;  7rft>;'r«j>',  beard.) 

IfiroH  mWrtno;)o,i70»i,  STKiNDAruNEH,  riiromidPii  Mfjicos,  10,  In  Denksrlir.  Akad.  \\"\m. 
Wieii,  xxin,  1804,  72,  laf.  1,  ti^'.  3,  Central  America;  (ii'NTHKii,  KiHli.Cenlr.  Am.,  4.'iO, 
1869. 

1»17.  nCIIIiASONA  MELAMIKUM  (Giinther). 

Head  nearly  3;  depth  2^  to  2^.  D.XVII,  11;  A.  VI,  8;  Hcales  5-33-13. 
Head  higher  than  long;  a  fleshy  hump  on  iiapo  in  l!ir<;o  iudividualu; 
Hiiout  coinpn^ssed,  rather  high,  of  moderate  extent,  its  length  K  or  ^  that 
of  head.  Preorbital  wider  than  orbit;  cleft  of  month  oblique,  lower  jaw 
,'<carcely  prominent;  maxillary  not  extending  to  vertical  from  front  mar- 
gin of  eye;  jaws  protractile,  arrae<l  with  a  broad  band  of  villiform  teeth, 
those  of  outer  series  the  larger,  and  brown  at  tip.  Eye  as  distant  from 
extremity  of  snont  as  from  that  of  operculum.  Scales  on  cheek  con- 
siderably smaller  than  those  on  opercles.  Vertical  fins  scalelcss.  Dorsal 
Hpines  of  moderate  strength  and  length,  the  length  of  twelfth  ^  that  of 
liead;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  extending  somewhat  beyond  root  of  caudal; 
Ireo  portion  of  tail  ne.irly  as  long  as  high;  anal  spines  strong  and  long; 
laudal  rounded,  \;  total  length;  pectoral  shorter  than  head,  extending 
nearly  to  origin  ot  anal  liii;  distance  of  vent  from  root  of  ventral  } 
length  of  head.  Fold  of  lower  lip  subintcrrupted  in  middle;*  .5  series  of 
scales  on  cheek.  Orange  colored  or  purplish  brown,  with  a  more  or  less 
irregular  d«^ep-black  band  uloug  middle  of  tail ;  sometimes  a  series  of  more 
or  less  confluent  black  blotches  on  back.  Mature  individuals  having 
whole  of  lower  ftarts  of  head, belly, and  tail  deep  black;  dorsal, caudal, 
and  pectoral  orange  colored  or  purplish  brown,  with  Ji  few  scattered  spots 


to 


*  'I'lio  fold  iH  distinctly  interrupted  in  spocinicns  from  0  tolO  inches  Ion  jr.  while  it  npjiears 
I  be  slightly  uuuUuuuuh  In  yoiinj;  individuals  of  :i  to  4  iuchen  in  length. 


I    is 


i 


f 


Iff 


;1    i 


1524         lUilldin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

]toHt«iriorl.v ;   tiiinl   iiikI  voiitnil   lilnrk.-   Yoiiii){  <>xnin|tlrN  liavo  no  hiack. 
«'xco|>t  tlifl  bniid  till  tuil;  their  dorHiil  HpiiioH  proporlionnlly  loiiKt-r,  lon^'ili 
nC  twnirtli  contuinnil  'J|  in  tliiit  of  lH<n«l.     I<<>iigth  10  iiichuH.     <)ii»t*>iiiii|ji 
(Oiiiitlior.)     (////lfr$,  blank  ;  or/xr,  tail.) 

//«r<)«  m«{aniirtM,  OliNTilKH.Ciit.  FIhIiimi,  'JQH,  tHA2,  Lake  Peten,  Ouattmala.     (CdII.  (iml 
niiiii  A  Hnlvin.) 

I9IN.  (irilliANOVA  M:iiriJKKKIIN((:itntlu<r). 

Iload  t;  doptli  2ii.  I).XVIII,12;  A.  VI.  J>;  hcuIoh  (>-3r)-i:J.  Hiwl  an  lii«li 
aHloiig;  Hiiont  Hli^htly  olevatod,  ])rooi'hitiil  witior  tliiin  orltit.  Proflln  of 
nape  ninrh  curved.  CMt^ft  of  month  Hniall,  liori/ontal;  JawH  0(|nal  anlni- 
orly;  intcrorhittil  Hpaco  convex,  itH  width  e(|unl  to  1.)  diiimoter  of  oyo; 
oporrlnH  Hciily.  DorHal  iind  anal  flnn  very  Hliglitly  Houly  at  liaHo,  HpinoH  oi 
i\w  former  of  niodi^rato  HtnMifj;tli,  Ifln^th  of  twelfth  nonunvhat  ItmH  than  1 
that  of  head.  Soft  dcMRal  and  anal  not  prodncod,  and  the  fornier  ni>t 
oxtendinft  to  rootof  candal  randal  tri;-,iratod;  free  portion  of  tail  lon^r,.|' 
than  hifrh;  prctorul  nhortcr  iiianhoad;  ventral  not  prolongt'd.  Kohl  of 
lower  lip  intcrrnptetlin  middle;  (>  Korioa  of  NcaloH  on  cheek.  (ireoMisii 
olive;  middle  of  liody  <-londed  with  Itlackish,  in  the  form  of  IndiHtind 
vortical  hands;  a  ronnd  lilack  Hpot  in  middle  of  rootof  candal;  the  outer 
partH  of  tinH  MackiHh.  Li^n^rth  7  iuchcH.  Mexico.  ((Siinther.)  (nehuhi 
clond;  /fro,  I  bear.) 

Vhfomit  nchiiliOr.  UCnthkh,  Vj<h:  AtwL  Hm\  Loml.  18«(),  n»,  Mexico  (Coll.  M.  Sail.); 
(•(^NTUKK,  Cut.  Fihlli>M,  IV,  'Jfl7, 1802. 

I»l».  nCllliANOMA  l,i:>TI»l^'OSDX  (Stoin<la4!liner). 

Head  3i ;  depth  L'.^  1).  XVII,  13;  A.  VI,!»;  HcaloH  34-20.  Bodycompara 
tively  elongate,  comproHsed;  the  back  ar<;hed,  profile  depri^HHcd  before 
eye;  th(«  nnont  prominent,  bluntiBh,  sharp  in  the  yonng.  Anterior  te«>tli 
connidcrably  enlarged.  Kye  rather  behind  middle  of  head,  r^  in  head;  t! 
rowH  of  Hcalcs  cm  cheek.  ri'eop«'rclo  rather  broad.  Ventrals  ronndcd, 
rather  Hhort,  not  reaching  vent;  pectoral  longer,  1  in  head;  npincH  moder- 
ate; Hoft  dornal  and  anal  pointed;  caudal  Innate.  OlivaceouH,  yellowiNli 
below,  base  of  each  scale  paler;  0  or  7  faint  curved  dark  croaa  bands; 
Bid«'H  of  head  and  sides  of  body  everywhere  with  snmll  irregular  scattere*! 
brown  specks,  these  especially  numerous  on  opcreles;  soft  dorsal,  anal 
and  candal  with  crossrows  of  dark  spots;  Sidnons  dorsal  with  3  faint 
dark  lengthwise  streaks.  Length  K.(  inches.  Mexico.  (Rteindachnor.) 
{lentigittoant,  warly.) 
Jlerom  lnUiginont$,  Stkindacmnrk,  Chromiilen  Mejicns,  0,  I8<M,  Mexico. 

1020.  CiniLASOlHA  DKPIMI  (lleckel). 

Head  3J;  depth  3.  D.  XVII,  10;  A.  VI.  8;  lateral  line  .30-17.  FoM  of 
lower  lip  interrupted  in  the  middle.  Six  rows  of  scales  on  cheek.  The 
length  of  the  dorsal  spines  is  J  that  of  head.  Brownish ;  tail  with  6  obso- 
lete dark  cross  bands,  the  last  with  a  black  spot.  (Heckel.)  Mexico;  a 
scarcely  known  species.  (Named  for  Mr.  Depp.) 
Heron  dep2>ih  Hkckbt.,  lirusil.  Flud8-Fische,382, 1840,  Mexico;  GUnthrii,  Cat.,  iv,206, 1KC2. 


M' 


Hi' 


Jonian  ami  livcnnann.  -  /•'is/us  oj  North  .Itncrim.      1W5 


Subgenus  ARCHOCENTRU8,  <illl. 
inVI.  (inil.ANONA  MKJItOI'ANnATlIN   ((iiinllinr). 

lliMul  :i;  'loptli  '.',<;.  I),  will,  H;  A.  \,  7;  nniUw  l-L'U-M.  IIcikI  iim  liifrli 
;i-.  lull);,  with  iipp«>i-  proliloiuiivcx  to  Hiioiit,  wlin-)'  it  Ih  Htriti^lit.  Snout  of 
iiiHili'i-iil«ioxt«-iit;  widlli  of  prrorliitiil  rqiiul  (o  llntt  ot'urWil;  oy««Koiii<<wliiit 
III  iii'iT  to  Olid  of  Hiioiit  lliiui  tu  tliut  of  opui'uuliiiii,  itH  iliiiiiMitur  coiiHiili'i- 
iilily  li'HH  Miiiii  witltli  of  iiiti^rorliitiil  Hpiiro,  luiil  ]  loii^tli  of  liuail;  Juwh 
fijiial  ill  Inigtii.  Soft  (loi'Hiil  iiiitl  liiiul  tiim  willi  nourt^uly  uiiy  nimiIuh  on  tlioir 
liiiscH,  and  more  or  1<-hh  prmluce*!  in  iiiiddlo,  i\\\\  loiigcHt  ruyH  ri>aoliiiiK  to 
iiiiilillu  of  rniidul;  dorBiil  llii  coiiiiiit>n<-iii){  in  voitirnl  from  liiiiiit'iiiH,  ilH 
H|iiii)'Hof  iiiod«-i'HteHti')>iiKtli,  rather  Hhort,  li'ii^tli  of  tw<Oftli  Hoinifwliat  I)-hh 
lli;iii  \  that  of  hfud;  aniil  HpinoHaH  ioiigiiH,  but  ratlntr  Htroii^or  tlian,  thoHo 
iiT  (loi'Hal  tin;  caudal  roiindt'd,  r)  total  l«>iiKth;  p«M'toral  im  loii^  iih  head 
wiliioiit  snout,  uxtoiidiiift  tu  Hurond  or  third  anal  H|iiiiw;  vnitral  hiit 
sliulitly  pr'Mliiced.     Lower  lip  intcrriiptud  in  niiddio.     SraloH  on  tdiock  in 

1  III' fi  HorioH.  Very  dark-<-o!orrd;  ground  roior  a  dark  MackiHh-piirpliHli 
iiKiwn;  ail  arclio<l  black  band  running  from  iinpt)  round  opitrciilar  niar- 
^iii  to  operoulnin;  a  Btscond  nearly  (;on<;ontri(!  with  liiHt,  riiiiiiiii}{  from 
ti;i|)o  to  behind  pectoral  and  v«!utral;  third  Hhort,  like  a  Hpol  between 
anterior  duiHal  HpineB  and  lateral  line;  the  follow  in);  Niibvertiial,  Hlightly 
Inclined  backward,  and  broader  than  iiiterHpaeeH  between  them;  the 
|M'iiiiltiinato  connecting  eiulH of  dorsal  and  anal  IIiih;  the  last  aeroBs  root 
III' caudal;  tins  black.  Length  3A  inchi-H.  Nicarafrua;  known  Irom  Laken 
Atitlaii,  Aniutitlan,  ami  Nicaragua.  (Uiintlier.)  (nhjer,  black;  J'aaciohiH, 
liaiided.) 

Ilnim  niijrofniinatm.  GI'NTIIKU,  FIhIi.  Cviitr.  Am.,  452,  pi.  74,  i\\i,.,\,  1801),  Lake  Atitlan, 
Nicaragua.     (Coll.  Salvin.) 

1022.  (iCHI.ANOMA  MIILTIKPINONUM  (<iiiiiMiir). 

Head  3;  depth  21.  IJ.  XVIII,  9;  A.  XI,  7;  Hc^ales  1-29-12  Head  as 
(lcc|)  aH  long,  with  upper  profile  nearly  Btrai^ht;  snout  rather  short;  width 
of  preorbital  considerably  less  than  that  of  orbit;  eye  situated  immedi- 
ately lielow  upper  profile,  nearer  to  end  of  snout  than  to  that  of  operculum; 
ItH  diameter  a  little  less  than  ^  length  of  head,  and  much  less  than  width 
of  interorbital  space,  which  is  flat;  mouth  with  Jaws  equal  in  length, 
small,  the  maxillary  not  reaching  vertical  from  orbit.     8uboperculum  with 

2  .series  of  scales;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  fins  scaly  at  base,  scarcely  pro- 
longed, and  not  extending  to  middle  of  caudal;  dorsal  fin  commencing 
above  humerus,  its  spines  of  moderate  strength,  and  rather  long,  length  of 
ci^rhth  to  last  spine  being  not  much  less  than  |  that  of  head ;  anal  spines 
stronger,  and  even  a  little  longer  than  those  of  dorsal ;  caudal  fin  rounded, 
^  of  total  length ;  pectoral  shorter  than  head,  extending  to  fifth  anal  spine; 
outer  ventral  ray  produced  into  a  short  filament;  free  portion  of  tail 
twice  as  deep  as  long.  Lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle.  Three  series 
of  scales  on  cheek.  Brownish  olive,  each  scale  somewhat  darker  at  base; 
a  blackish  band,  as  broad  as  a  scale,  running  from  eye  to  a  round  black 
spot  situated  before  and  below  termination  of  upper  part  of  lateral  line; 


I 


mmiMfifmn 


^1 


«*!fW- 


liS. 


w 


1520 


HnHitiH  //,   ^  '///A#/  Sttilts  A'tif/oHii/  .)hisiHNi, 


thtMit'Mil.  iHfuiiliiiiiml  to  rootiit'fiiuiliil  iiH  It  H«<ri)-N  of  I  «tr  Ti  irii'uiilur  n|mi|x; 
lliiN  liliM-kiHli,  ii|)pitroiill,v  iiiiiiiitinlutA.  liCiiKlli  :(<!  iiirlum.  I.iiki'  Maiiii^nt, 
Oniititniiilu.     (((lltiMior. )     (miW/Mm,  iiiiiiiy  ;  nphiniiut,  H|»iii)'il.) 

H<  loi  miiltini'iuotiiM,  lil'NiHKii,  I'InIi    I't'tilr.  Am.,  4.'>:i,  pi   71,  lit;    '.',  iMIItl,  Lake  Munii»Mi.i, 
Uuutciiiulti      ((.'till  I'lipl.  lioM.) 

iiidii.  nnii.AHonA  r»:\Ti(Aiu'iii  sdiiii  \  iiniMNiuni) 

noptli 'J.  h.  W'l.S;  A.  X.tl.  ('tiilditl  |MHliiiti'lt<  Vfiy  Nlioi't,  Uh  l||ti^||t 
ut  I'tMil  hoiiiK  Iwifo  UM  Kiofit  iiH  It  JH  loii^,  uikI  it  nitiipiiiittivfly  rii|Mtl|\ 
nnriowH  to  <-iui«liil ;  ImmmI  litiviiiK  roi'r|it«iiil  hII^IiIIv  KililioiiN,  ami  niiihiI 
I'lM'liliiiour  hihI  polnli'il  in  Iruiit ;  li'ii>;tli  ni' Hiioiit  littio  inoi-ii  Miiui  |  tluii 
of  lit'tiil ;  iiiti'iorliilal  iiioii  Nli^lilly  nilmtil ;  |iri«opor(uiliiiii  tionil.v  voiii(;i| 
kikI  III  loi^lo  liolilly  roiiiiili'il ;  liiictMil  hciiIoh  in  5  iowk;  jiiwh  iioiiniilU 
«l««voItip«Ml ;  Hiipritiiiik\illiM'y  tuniiiiiaMiiK  iitii  viMlioiil  alioiit  u  piipH'H  Ion;;!!! 
ill  liilviiiH'o  ol'ttyo;  lipH  iiiodtTutoly  «l  «vi<lop<*«l,  llir  Idwim'  iiitiMiiipti'il  m 
iVoiit ;  tiMtlli  of  oiittM'  nnv  ratli«<i' nIioiik;  ttoi-Miil  liii  iiio«li<rat«>!y  il<<V(<li>pi  <| ; 
iloiNal  NpiiirN  incriMiHo  in  a  lobular,  lioltl  riiivi>  I'loiii  lirst  to  .■^ixtli,  ami  tin- 
rolliiwiii^  nearly  rqiuil;  loii);<>Nt  rayH,  lioiit  hiirUwanl,  it\lonil  lor  Ini^th  ni 
liaHal  liiilf  ot  laiiilal;  iiiial  liii  v«<ry  loii^  iiinl  roniim'ticits  iimlor  niiitli  ilm 
Hal  Npim>;  HpimniH  portli^n  not  iiincli  Io.sh  tlian  :i  tiiin^H  loii^vr  tiniisoli; 
Ili'Ht  ;t  Hpiiit'M  rapitlly  ^railiiatt'd  anil  toll.iwiiif;  on«<H  noarly  «>i|iial;  lon^ 
««Ht  Hol't  rayH  rt'ticliiii);  ImcUwanl  to  trrininiil  hall' of  ftiinlal;  cainliil  im 
t'orniH  J  of  «>\troiiio  Ini^tli,  itn  iiii^Ich  roiinti  ami  tlio  poNtiM'ior  inari^iii 
Hli);htly  i>iiii(r^inat«>(l;  poctoial  lin  uxttMitlin^  Itiickward  nearly  to  v<-rii 
('111  of  lit'th  or  Nixtli  anal  Hpiiir;  vnitral  I'iiih  also  rrat-liiii^;  to  m>ail\ 
Haiiu^  point;  parts  al>ov«Miiiil  ii«>!ow  loii^itihliiial  axis  niMirly  ('qualiy  li.il 
aiK'oil;  Itai'k  ilccliiitfH  nio(l«>rat«<ly  in  a  riirvo  toward  tail  and  in  front  oi 
dorsal  slightly,  Itiit  r«>);nlarly  d(H'iirv«<d  toward  ron>li<>ad.  ('olor  l)r(lll/l^ 
(divo,  with  7  indiHtinct  rroHs  liaiidH;  at  hiiHr  of  tail  a  faint  npot,  cliii'iiy 
ahoyo  lalrral  lim>;  IliiH  diiHky  and  iiniiiui'ulat«>.  I.ako  NicariiKiia.  ((Jill  a 
Itrnnsford.)  (CenlroiThiin,  a  p'nii>  of  North  Ainoricun  HiinlirthoH,  witiiinany 
aiialspinuH;  utvrmn',  Hpiim;  (f^»,pK,  aiiiiH.) 

lino*   iiiitiuicliii»,   (in. I.    \     IMlASHKOKIi,     I'nu'.    .\v.    Nill.  Sti.    I'liilit.   IH77,    Ih:,,    Lake 
Nicaragua,  Nicaraguu. 


I'?' 


1(1: 


! 

In 


6i6.  HEROS,  llockid. 

//iTi'Ji,  IlKCKKi.,  Ann.  Wi««iit'r.  Miw.   181(1,  ;i(i'J  (uriwrun,  <»!»•.;  rcHtriiMi'd  liy  •liirilioi  \-  liil 

liiM'l  to  tfi'cni*). 
Uiiichthihi,  H.viiii)  \  (:i:(\itii,  I'lof.  .\i'.  Niil.  ,s<i.  I'liilu.  IH54,  '^'i  {fuaHonuttatun}. 
Iloiihtrehui,  K.\ci',  W n  <  inaiiirH  .Vrohiv  18(l(t,  I'J!)  iinntacniifhiiii). 

Mody  (ddon;;,  » omproHsed,  Honiowhat  tdcvatod,  tlio  form  ("ontrarehoiil. 
Iload  rather  lar^o,  scaly  on  tho  chocks  and  opcrclcs;  |>rcopcrclu  eiitiir. 
Month  rather  small,  terminal,  low,  inodoratcly  protractile,  the  jaws  siili- 
e(|ual,  lower  lip  without  fronuin,  its  fold  hein^  uontiniions;  niaxill.-iry 
sinali;  prcorbital  deep;  Jaws  with  a  sinj^le  series  of  rather  stout  ccnicnl 
teeth,  behind  which,  in  front,  is  a  narrow  band  of  villiforin  teeth,  (iill 
membranes  slightly  c(uniectcd,  free  from  the  isthnuis;  ^ill  rakers  short  ami 
thick.    Svales  rather  lar^e,  ctenoid,  the  lateral  line  interrnpted  and  beg;iii 


w- 

JohUui  i\mi  livt'tnhtHii,     lislns  of  Notlh  .hmtim.      ir»'J7 


iiiiiK  iiKiiiti  hiOovv,  iiH  iiNiiitl   III  iIiIh  riiinily.      HoinuI   lln   coiitiiiiMMiN,  tlia 

|iiiiiiiiM  piirt  nil  -ii  loiittrr  llimi  tlio  Nul't.  |iiirl,  ol'  uImhiI  17  niMii'i  low  hut 

lioii^  HpiiK'N;  H«tli  riiv'H  iitiK-li  lii^li)'!'  tliiiii  Hpiiii'M;  uiiiil  lln  Hiiiiilni  lu  MtW 

.IdiHitl  lint  Hliut'ltir,  il.H  N|iiiioiiH  pitrt.  iilno  Imi^i^i    limn  Ititt  hdII,  ol'  I  In  III 

r<|)iiii'H;    voi'tinil    Huh  not  rUmrly  niiiIui!  ;    ritiiiliil    liii   hiililriiiinil«,    willi 

kiiimiIimI  iiiiKlt'N.     'I'liin  ^'iwiiiH  IIH  Imm'o  iimlcrHlnotl  tliDtiiH  fiuiii  i'iihluHnma 

I   llir  iiliHOiH'o  III'  rrfiiiiin  to  tlio  lowi'i   lip;   llio  iiiiitl  HpiiiiiN  uio  ihimmmoiih 

I  lo  I0)>  lixf  iiioiiMi  not  ^rtsilly  prolnirMlo,  iinil  tlio  ilormil  tiiid  una!  I'iiih 

lint  cloNrly  NCitliMJ.     'rill'  I'liiiliirltirr*  HOpiinitiliK  f'ii  lilitHoiiiii,  llrroM,  .  1:1/11  itiinii, 

mil  .hhiiiiuliiH  HIT  not  of^riMit  iiiiportai!i!i-,  uml  niav  In*  not  wholly  natiirul. 

i:<(i'iiiil  uiillioi'H  liav««  iiiiiloil  all  iiiiilor  om^  i^iiinii!  iiuiih',  .{HlmuotiiH.       It 

MioniH  to  IIH,  liitwintii',  iiiorii  roiiv<niii-nt  to  rcio^ni/.o  tJKmi-  ^;roiipH  uh  iIIh- 

iiiift  Kiuiorii,  UN  a  liifip  towaiil  llin  ortit  riy  airaii^fiiiont  ol'  tin)  ^n-at  iiiaMH 

ol  Npi'riitH  iiHiially  I'l-rornMl  to  IhroH.     ii\Mi  an  Miiih  iiNti  ictod,  IIhiim  in  a 

M'ly  lari;o  ^imiiim,  takiiix  in  tlio  livorHol'  Soiilli  Anniriru  tlio  plant  lllloil 

III  North  Anirrint  hy  l,ifi>otiii»  iiiiil  riOiilHil  ^oniini.     SpiirioH  vi-ry  niiniriiHiH, 

I  liiclly  Soiilli  Ani<tii<-an.     'I'lio  Npirii  h  ol'  thin  ^iniis  havii  innttr  hioii  niti- 

<  iilly  ronipari'il.     {i/iK,>c.,  hnro,  tlir  aliiiHion  not  fviilimt.)     'I'lu)  lollowing 

iinalyHlH  will  hr  t'oiind  arlitiiMiil  and  of  litllo  vain*): 

<i.  Anal  H|iiiir;i  H  ,»r  II  (riiri'ly  7). 

h.   lliirMiil  I'livH  \  VII  I,  II  or  III,  Mriili'Mlll.  riilKnHlinHTiiAi.i,  IU-J4. 

hh.   DoiHitl  rii.VM  Wll,  10;   NCillrx 'J1I.  HAI.VINI,  lU'.Ti. 

Iihh.    lloiHllI  lU.VM  X  \'l,  H  orll;  Hrul«M 'Jll.  AKKINIM,  ll»aO. 

hlihh.    DoiHIll  lliyH  Wl,  II  01    rj;   HillliH  :m.  MAITMI'INNIH,  1027. 

i/rt.   A  mil  HpliUM  7  (nirrly  (lor  H). 

e.  Miiily  i'oiii|iiiriilivi'ly  (|iiii|i,  Mm  iltiplli  .J  IIdi  Ii'IikHi  ;  mtl't  Huh  oloviitt'il. 

TKIMAOI'I.AII  s,  Kl'.'N. 
fc  lliHly  uliloiiK,  tliti  ilnplli  '1\  to  'JJ  ill  lliit  li'iit{lh. 

d.  DorNiil  Willi  17  (niriOy  10  or  IK  or  III)  Hpiiiim  anil  11  or  I'J  Muli  riiyH. 

I'.  MitltiH  Willi  lli«  li|tH  ^rrully  Ihirkciii'il  iiinl  \ nrllrally  oxpiiiiili'il  -,  Hriiltm 
:i'.!.  l.AiiiA  11  H,  i.oiiii<'iiii,rH,  IIIL'U,  ItlUii. 

ff.  MaluH  with  the  lipH  not  Knwilly  lliirk*tiir<l  nor  I'xpiindtMl. 

KIIVniUKIH,  HAKII.AUIH.  Nil  AIIAdl'ICNSIH,  MANAUI'KNHlH,  DKIl    IU;i4. 

ilil .   Dorntil   Willi   HI  HpinrM  uml  Imt  1)  or  10  huI'I  luyH;  hciiIcm  :i:ii  IiiumI  11  in 
li'liuth.  AIKKI  H,  1!>;)5. 

trc.  Koily  riillicr  ili'up,  tlioiltiptli  'JH  in  loiiKtIi;  ilornitl  ruyn  N  V  I  or  XVII,  \2. 

<  irKiNKi.Ms,  lli:iii. 
riu-r.     lliNly  t'oiiipuriilivtty  I'loliKitlo,  llio  ili^plli  :i  in  IdiikIIi,  ilorHiil  niyH  XVIII,  IK. 

.MOIAIUK.NMIH,  10a7. 

(ifiif.  .Viiiil  HpiiixH  II  (rnnly  .'i  or  7). 

/.   DorHiii  iiiyH  XVIII,  II  lo  14. 

ij.  Muily  rntlivr  i-li>n){iito,  llii^  <li>plli  Ii  in  liiiiKtli ;  hciiIi<h  Xi  lo  ^iri. 

iiiii.o.Niirs,  iiDVil,  10:i8,  III30. 
</;/.  lioily  riillM-r  ilcrp,  tlit'  dcplli  '2\  in  li'iiul'i;  hiiiIi'h  'M. 

•  lltnili  KI'H,  MirilOI'IITIIAKMI'H,  11)40,  III41. 

//.  J>4irH»l  rityH  X\'l  or  XVII,  10,  riinily  II ;  iluptli  'J^  to'Jj^  in  htiiKtli;  ii  ilark  Hjiot 
ul  ImHK  of  citmliil. 
II.  ('lllllllll  Hpot  oi'i'llllllt;  no  ItlUit  HpolH;  .scaloH  'JU.  i;k()i>iitiiai..mi.'.s,  1U42. 

hh.  Catitlal  Hpol  ilifl'iiHit. 

t.  Itoily  IiiiikIi-iI  with  dark;  no  bliit^  h]ioIh:  HcaltiH;'.:!.    'rKOHf.'iiKi.i,  194:1. 
ii.  Body  and  Hdh  with  many  Hiiiall  blue  HpotH;  h<-iiIi!ii  '_'5. 

cYANoiiurrATn.s,  1U44. 


I) 


M 


*  A»tron«tu»,  Swaiiimin,  IKIIO  {ncrllotni)  —  Acara,  Uuckul,  1840,  aa   ruulricteU   by  Gill, 
la^H  ~  llyijroi/umis,  (juutlier,  18U2. 


f 


1528         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


u 


I'  > 

t 

I 

i 

s 


I  i  K 


aaaa.  Aral  Hpiiiea  5,  rarely  ur  novor  6;  dornal  ruys  XVI,  11  or  12. 

j.  Uody  rather  elongate,  the  depth  2}  in  lonKtIi ;  Hciilus  32.      I'AVONACBUs,  194r. 

jj.  Itody  nioderutcly  deep,  the  depth  2J  in  length;  body  wiih  (Tohs  ImndH  aiid 

penrly  dots.  ai.tikkons,  lU4ii. 

jjj.  Body  deep,  the  depth  2f  in  length;  Hcalim  30;  coloration  nearlj-  ]ilain,  tln^ 

ilns  with  dark  spots.  kkani,  1947. 

aaaaa.  Anal  spines  normally  4  (very  rarely  5).    Dorsal  rnys  XV  or  XVI,  10  to  12;  l)o(|\ 

rather  dt^ep,  compressed,  the  depth  21  in  length;  body  and  Ilns  with  diirk 

brown  spots.  tetb&camthuh,  1<J4h. 


1024.  ilEUOS  FKlKnKI4;ilf;TMAIil,  Hix  kel. 

Head  2'i ;  depth  2A ;  eye  3;';  in  bead,  equal  to  snout.  D.  XVIII,  9' or  10; 
A.  VIII  or  IX,  9  or  7;  scales  4-31-12.  Fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in 
middle.  Scales  on  cheek  in  7  series.  Autero-iiiferior  margin  of  preorbi- 
tal  concave,  the  greatest  widtli  of  this  bone  only  ^  that  of  orbit.  Len^tli 
of  twelfth  dorsal  spine  ^  that  of  heiid.  Longest  dorsal  ray  H  in  bead ; 
longest  anal  ray  lA  in  liead.  Yellowish  olive,  with  6  or  7  blackish  cross 
bands;*  a  black  band  from  eye  to  uppor  purt  of  root  of  caudal,  inter 
rupted  by  th«'  interspaces  between  cross  bands,  the  origin  and  end  of  this 
band  .mto  edged  with  yellow;  suboperculum  with  a  black  ocellus;  iiii 
oblique  black  streak  from  eye  toward  ocellus.  Length  5  inches.  Lake 
Peten,  Lake  Nicaragua,  and  its  outlet,  tho  Hio  San  Juau. 

Ilerus  frieiirichtthali,  Ueckel,  i'MiiHSllHchu  lirasil,  381,  1840,  Rio  San  Juan,  Nicaragua; 
GCnthkh,  Cat.  Fishea,  iv,  204,  18G2;  GOntukb,  Fish.  Centr.  Am.,  459,  1869. 


I 


rj 


1»36.  HEROS  KALVIM,  Giinlher. 

Head  2J;  depth  2^.  D.  XVII,  10;  A.  VIII  or  IX,  7;  h«^ale8  5-29-10. 
Head  somewhat  longer  than  high;  snout  of  moderate  extent,  longer  than 
eye,  pointed;  cleft  of  mouth  very  oblique;  lower  Jaw  projecting;  max- 
illary not  quite  extending  to  vertical  from  anterior  margin  of  orbit;  eye 
immediately  below  upper  profile,  in  middle  of  length  of  head ;  suboper- 
culum of  moderate  width,  with  1  series  of  scales;  preorbit.il  a  little  nar- 
rower than  orbit,  with  the  antero-inferior  margin  concave.  Length  of 
twelfth  dorsal  spine  ?,  that  of  head  in  specimens  from  Lake  Peten,  and  I 
in  those  from  Santa  Isabel.  Fold  of  lower  lip  ctmtinuous  in  middle; 
scales  of  cheek  in  5  series.  Base  of  soft  dorsal  scaly.  Distance  between 
dorsal  and  caudal  considerably  less  than  depth  of  free  portion  of  tail; 
distance,  between  vent  and  root  of  ventrals  i  length  of  head.  Dark 
greenish  olive,  with  a  black  baud,  edged  with  yellow,  running  from 
snout,  through  eye,  to  root  of  caudal,  most  distinct  on  head,  but  inter- 
rupted on  tail  by  lighter  interspaces;  it  passes  a  blaok  lateral  spot,  and, 
in  young  individuals,  terminates  in  another  black  spot;  an  irregular 
black  band  along  back,  below  base  of  dorsal  fin;  sometimes  3  bands  across 
upper  surface  of  head;  a  blue  horizontal  lino  below  orbit;  a  more  or  less 
distinct  black  ocellus  on  suboperculum  sometimes  entirely  absent;  fins 
Idackish,  immaculate,  or  with  faint  dots  only  in  small  number;   sides 


*  These  bands  not  evident  in  specimens  from  Nicaragua  examined  by  us  (IT.  S.  Xnt. 
Mas.,  Xo.  39918). 


Jordan  and  Eva  mann .—  Fishes  of  North  America.     1529 

li<>luw  1>lack  band  saugiiineuuH  in  inuturo  uxamplos.     Loiigth  4^  inches, 
(iuatumalu.     (Giiuther.)     (Namod  for  (Hubert  Sal v in,  its  dlHcovercr.) 

llvrai  salvini,  GOnthbu,  Cat.  Fiithea,  IV,  204,  180'2,  Rio  de  Santa  Isabel,  Guatemala 
(Coll.  (iodinan  wV  Salviii);  GCntheu,  Fish.  Ccntr.  .\iii.,  4«0,  i>l.  73,  fl^.  3,  1H69. 

llcrof  tnaijraiiima,  Stkinwachnek,  DunkHclir.  Akart.  Wiss.  Wioii,  xxni,  1864,  70,  taf.  3, 
lijr.  2,  Central  America.    (Cull.  Friudricli.stal.) 

1020.  HKKOS  AFKIMS,  GiintlKU-. 

|[ca*12J;  depth  2  =  .  D.XVI,8ory;  A.  VIII  or  I.\,  8  or  7;  scales  5-29-12. 
ilciul  as  higli  its  long;  snout  couipicssed,  elevated,  with  cleft  of  mouth 
ol)Iique  und  with  lower  Jaw  i>romiueut;  preor'-ital  wider  thiin  oi-'nt  (in 
the  liirgor  individuals);  eye  considerably  nearer  extremity  of  operculum 
than  to  that  of  snout.  Dorsal  and  anal  fins  entirely  scaleloss;  dorsal 
spines  rather  strong  and  long,  length  of  twelfth  i  that  of  head;  anal 
spines  very  strong;  free  portion  of  tail  a  little  higher  than  long.  Caudal 
slightly  omarginate,  j  total  length;  distance  between  vent  and  root  of 
ventral  i  length  of  Jiead.  Fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in  middle.  Scales 
(in  cheek  in  1  series.  Olive,  Avith  5  or  6  dark  cross  bands,  the  middle  one  of 
which  has  a  deep-black  spot  where  it  passes  lateral  line;  a  more  or  less 
distinct  black  spot  on  suboperculum;  sides  of  head  and  vertical  fins  with 
bluish  dark-edgrd  ocelli.  Length  5^  inches.  Lake  I'eten.  (Giiuther.) 
((iffinis,  rel'-tetl — to  Ueros  aureus.) 

lleros  afmis,  OCntheu,  Cat.  Fi»li.,  iv,  292,  1862,  Lake  Peten  (Coll.  Uodiiiau  \  Salvin); 
GUNTHEH,  Fiab.  Contr.  Am.,  455,  p\.  7!>,  flj;.  1,  1869. 

1027.  IIKIIOS  .1IA(^I'LI1M\MS,  StoiiHlaclinor. 

Head  .3;  depth  2.  D.  XVI,  11  or  12;  A.  VIII,  8;  scales  4-30-11.  Body 
sliort  and  deep,  back  considerably  arched,  the  ventral  outline  also  arched; 
profile  depressed  before  eye;  m6uth  low  and  rather  snuUl,  the  maxillary 
scarcely  longer  than  eye;  teeth  8om«5what  close-set;  eye  3^  in  head,  as 
broad  as  the  jireorbital ;  4  or  5  rows  of  scales  on  cheek.  Pectoral  about 
:is  long  as  head,  reaching  third  anal  si)ine;  Acntrals  slightly  longer, 
reaching  fifth  spine;  soft  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  rounded,  not  scaly  at 
base.  Color  brownish,  with  5  brownish  vertical  bands  not  sharply  de- 
liued,  the  third  band  with  a  large  black  spot  at  the  point  where  it  crosses 
ii  vague  dusky  stripe  from  upp(;r  etlge  of  gill  opening  to  base  of  caudal; 
sides  of  head  usually  with  blue  spots;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  blue,  with 
ninny  spots  of  bright  yellow;  caudal  mottled.  Length  4^  inches.  Rio 
/anapa,  near  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.  (Steindachner. )  {macula,  spot;  jiinnn, 
(in.) 

Il'-ros  macvlipinnig,  .Steinuachnek,  Cliroinidcii  M<\j:co8,  15,  1804,  Rio  Zanapa,  Mexico. 


1928.  lifillOS  TKI8IACULATUS,  Giiiitlior. 

Head  2-i ;  depth  2.     D.  XVII,  11 ;  A.  VI  to  VIII,  9 ;  scales  5-31-14.    Head 

nearly  as  high  as  long;  snout  rather  pointed,  much  longer  than  eye;  cleft 

of  mouth  very  oblique;  lower  jaw  prominent;  maxillary  extending  nearly 

to  vertical  from  front-  margin  of  orbit;  preorbital  as  wide  as  orbit,  with 

3030 19 


f 


14   1 


•ft* 


1530  Bulletin  ./7,  Ufittcd  States  Natiotial  Museum. 


niitero-inforiorinargiu  concave;  width  of  orbit  I  length  of  heiid,  hut  only 
jj  that  of  intororhital  Hpace;  oyn  immediately  brlow  (Muicavity  of  n))|MT 
profile  of  head,  and  very  slightly  nearer  to  tip  of  Hnout  than  to  opercular 
margin;  «>perele»  scaly;  Hubo])erculum  with  2  HericH  of  Hcales;  vertical 
fins  scaly  at  base;  fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in  middle;  scales  of 
cheek  in  5  series;  dorsal  spines  of  moderate  strength  and  length,  the 
twelfth  rather  loss  than  ^  length  of  head;  points  of  soft  dorsal  and  ami  I 
extending  beyond  middle  of  caudal;  caudal  much  rounded;  distance  be- 
tween caudal  and  dorsal  considerably  less  than  depth  ot  free  portion  of 
tail;  ]iectoral  much  shorter  than  head,  extending  only  to  second  anal 
spine;  veutrals  with  outer  ray  produced;  distance  between  vent  and  root 
of  A'entrals  nearly  |  length  of  head.  Dark  greenish  olive,  with  3  black 
spots,  the  iirst  above  origin  of  lateral  line,  the  second  in  middle  of  side, 
and  i\w  third  above  end  of  lateral  line;  tins  black.  liength  11  inches. 
Chiapas  and  lluaniuchal.     (fiiinther.)     (/res,  three;  mavuJalns,  spotted.) 

Ilerostrimaeulaliis,  (U'NTIIEU,  KiNli.  C'ciiti-.  Am.,  4G1,  |>l.  70, 1860,  Chiapas  and  Huamuchal. 
(Coll.  Siiltiii.) 

1020.  IIKROS   LAIIIAT|!S,  Giinthur. 

DeptL  2i.  D.XVII,  11;  A.  VII  or  VIII,  S;  scales  6-:{2-i:i  Head 
rather  longer  than  high ;  snout  somewhat  elevated ;  cleft  of  mouth 
slightly  oblique,  with  lower  Jaw  a  little  prominent;  teeth  in  narrow 
bands,  those  of  outer  series  enlarged,  with  brown  tips;  maxillary  not 
nearly  .attaining  vertical  from  front  of  eye;  preorbital  as  wide  as  orbit, 
the  diameter  of  which  is  less  than  extent  of  snout,  and  \  len/  >  :>  of  head; 
iuterorhital  space  somewhat  convex,  wider  than  orbit;  0  o  i  wated  not 
quite  immediately  beneath  upper  profile  of  head,  and  midway  between 
end  of  snout  and  that  of  operculum;  opercles  scaly,  the  scales  larger  than 
those  on  cheek;  suboperculnm  with  2  series  of  scales;  soft  portions  of 
tlorsal  and  anal  tins  with  minute  scales  between  rays  at  their  base;  dorsal 
spines  of  nioder.ite  length  and  strength,  length  of  eighth  dorsal  S2>ine  less 
than  i  length  of  head;  points  of  produced  middh^  lays  of  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  r<'a<'hing  to  middle  of  caud.al  fin;  caudal  rounded,  its  length  rather 
more  than  .5  times  in  total ;  anal  spines  of  m  arly  same  length  and  strength 
as  those  of  dorsal  fin;  pectoral  rounded,  reaching  to  fourth  or  fifth  spine 
of  anal;  vetitral  filament  jtrodnced;  distance  between  vent  and  root  of 
ventral  less  than  i  length  of  head ;  scales  on  cheek  in  4  series ;  anterior 
portions  of  upper  and  lower  lips  much  enlarged,  each  forming  a  moveable 
subtriangular  dap  (probal»ly  in  old  males  only);  depth  of  free  portion' 
of  tail  scarcely  more  than  its  length.  Uniform  red,  or  red  irreguhn  v 
marbled  with  black,  or  nearly  entirely  black.  Length  7  inches.  Lal,<-. 
Managua  and  Nicaragua.     (Giinther).     {labiatus,  thick-lipped.) 

Ileros  Inbiatiis,  GiJNTiiEii,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Loud.  1864,  27,  pi. 4,  lis;.!,   Lake  Managua, 
Nicaragua  (Coll.  Capt.  Dow);  COntheh,  Fish.  Centr.  Am.,  456,  186S. 

10.10.  HEKOS  LOItOOIIlliUS,  Giiutlier. 

Head  2f;  depth  2^.  D.  XVII,  11  or  12;  A.  VII,  8  or  9;  scales  6-.32-11. 
Head  as  high  as  long;  snout  rather  elevated,  with  cleft  of  mouth  oblique, 
and  lower  Jaw  rather  i)romiuent;  upper  profile  very  concave;  teeth  iu 


^.'■i 

iill 

|:;i 

'^.c,it,  ...  . 

Jordan  and  Rvcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  .America.     1531 


iiiirrow  batulH,  tlioHuof  outer  Herioa  enlarged,  with  brown  tips;  inn.villary 
nut  reucbing  to  vertical  from  front  of  orbit;  pruorbitul  uh  witlt-  as  orbit, 
very  Hligbtly  more  than  \  tinicH  inlengtb  of  hcud;  interorbital  Bpaco  tiat, 
much  wider  than  orbit;  eye  inunediatdy  below  iiitper  prolilo,  slightly 
iioiirer  to  oxtreuiity  of  snout  than  to  that  of  opcrcitluiii ;  opcrcles  scaly,  the 
scales  larger  than  those  on  cheeks;  suboperculuni  with  1  series  of  scales; 
soft  iiortious  of  anal  and  dorsal  tins  with  a  series  of  small  scales  between 
liiysat  their  liaso;  dorsal  spines  of  moderate  strength,  length  of  eighth  to 
(wellth  more  than  A  that  of  head;  points  of  soft  anal  and  dorsal  n-aciiing 
to  middle  of  caudal;  free  jtortion  of  tail  scarcely  higlier  than  long;  caii- 
(lal  rounded,  its  length  ji  of  total;  anal  spines  strong  and  long;  pectoral 
rounded,  reaching  to  fourth  anal  spine;  outer  ventral  ray  produced;  dis- 
tance between  vent  and  root  of  ventral  '■]  length  of  head;  old  males 
with  anterior  portions  of  lips  much  enlarged,  each  forming  a  moveable 
siibtriangular  ilap;  in  young  males  lips  simple,  fold  of  lower  continu- 
ous. Greenish  or  yellowish,  with  about  6  indistinct  dark  cross  bands; 
lliat  below  fourteenth  dorsal  spine  with  a  large  black  blotch  below  lat- 
eral line ;  som*  '  imes  a  black  spot  on  upper  half  of  Itase  of  caudal.  Length 
S  inches.  Lake  Managua,  Nicaragua.  (Giinther).  (A'Vids,  lobe;  ^c^Aoj, 
lip.) 

\leros  lobochiliix,  (ii'NTHEit,   Ki.sli.  Cciitr.  Am.,  457,  itl.  75,  tig.  1,  18(50,  Lake  Managua, 
Nicaragua.     (Coll.  Ciiiit.  Dow.) 


f , 


10;tl.  lIKItOS  IlKYTIIIl.KUS,  C.iiutlior. 

Mead  28;  depth  2^.  D.  XVII,  12;  A.  VII,  8;  scales  6^-31-11.  Head  as 
high  as  long;  snout  rather  elevated,  with  cleft  of  mouth  slightly  oblique, 
and  lower  Jaw  scarcely  promin«^nt;  teeth  in  narrow  bands,  those  of  outor 
stories  enlarged,  with  brown  tips;  maxillary  not  reaching  vertical  from 
front  margin  of  eye;  proorbital  wider  than  orbit;  diameter  of  eye  nearly 
.')  times  in  length  of  head;  interorltital  space  slightly  convex,  much  wider 
than  orbit;  eye  near  upper  y)rorile  of  head,  and  equidistant  between  end  of 
•snout  and  that  of  operculum ;  opercles  scaly,  the  scales  larger  than  those  on 
check;  subopercnlura  with  2  series  of  scales;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  lins 
with  a  few  minute  scales  running  up  between  bases  of  rays;  dorsal  spines 
of  moderate  strength;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  slightly  produced,  not  reach- 
ing to  middle  of  <"audal;  length  of  eighth  dorsal  sj.ine  less  than  ^  that  of 
head ;  caudal  rounded,  i  total  length ;  anal  spines  stronger  but  not  longer 
than  those  of  dorsal  lin ;  pectoral  rounded,  extending  to  fourth  anal  Bi>ine, 
somewhat  shorter  than  head;  outer  ventral  ray  produced;  dL^tance  be- 
tween ventral  and  vent  i  length  of  head;  lips  thick,  with  broad  free  mar- 
gin in  their  entire  circumference;  scales  on  cheek  in  4  or  5  series;  depth 
of  free  portion  of  tail  conspicuously  more  than  its  length.  Deep  orange 
color;  many  of  the  scales  of  tail  with  a  blackish  spot  on  base.  Length  7 
inches.     Lake  Managua,  Nicaragua.     (Giinther.)     (^puO/aorJo?,  reddish.) 

Ili-rus  erythrceu*,  GCntheb,  Fish.  Contr.  Am.,  457,  pi.  7.5,  fig.  2,  18C9,  Lake  Managua, 
Nicaragua.    (Coll.  Capt.  Dow.) 


flfWWSWSSPWP 


m 


'H  ' 


'III 


i 

44' 


1532         Jhillctin  ^y,  Ignited  Staics  National  Museum. 


lOSi!.  liEBON  IIASIIiAltlN,  liill  \.  ItrauHfunl. 

Depth  2jt.  D.  XVI,  12;  A.  VII,  8.  Head  iioriual,  snout  above  roiivex 
and  blunt  in  front,  length  of  snout  little  more  than  i  length  of  head ; 
interorbital  area  slightly  raised;  preoperculuni  nearly  vertical;  buccal 
scales  in  1  rows;  Jaws  normally  developed;  supraniaxillary  terminating  at 
a  vertical  very  little  in  advance  of  orbit;  lips  moderately  developed  and 
Irce  all  around;  teeth  of  outer  row  of  rather  large  size;  dorsal  lin  mod- 
erately developed;  anterior  spines  normally  graduated,  the  rest  subeqnal; 
soft  rays  when  bent  back  extending  nearly  V)  tjrniin.il  third  of  caudal; 
anal  tin  coninicuces  under  thirteenth  dorsal  s]dne,  its  lirst  3  spines  rapidly 
anil  the  suc<'eeding  moderately  graduated;  Inigest  soft  rays  when  bent 
back  reaching  second  third  of  caudal;  caudal  4^  or  4 A  times  in  extreme 
length,  and  its  margin  is  convex-truncate;  pectoral  iin  extending  to  verti- 
cal of  third  and  ventral  hn  to  that  of  fourth  or  lifth  anal  spine;  caudal 
peduncle  not  much  higher  at  base  than  long,  and  decreases  very  gradually 
to  fin;  ba<'k  declines  moderately  to  tail,  an«l  regularly  decurved  in  front 
of  dorsal  fin.  Color  bronzed  olive,  with  (in  young,  at  least)  7  bands;  in 
fourth  band  is  developed  a  distinct  blackish  sjtot  just  under  lateral  line, 
and  on  base  of  caudal  (in,  above  lateral  line,  is  another,  but  smaller,  black- 
ish spot;  dorsal  and  anal  fins  dusky,  but  soft  parts  much  darker  at  buse 
than  on  rest  of  their  fins  and  surface;  caudal  fin  also  much  darker  at  its 
basal  third  than  behind;  pectoral  and  ventral  fins  dusky  and  uniform, 
save  tUiit  the  liJamentary  rays  of  ventrals  are  darker.  Lake  Nicaragua. 
(Gill  &  Jirausford.)     (baailaris,  basal.) 

UeroshagHarU,  GiLh&lJKANShoito,  Proc.  Ac  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  1877, 182,  Lake  Nicaragua. 


:-!^<  ■:■- 


UM 


19»3.  IIKUOS  M<'AKA<JUENK1S,  Oiintlior. 

Head  3= ;  depth  2=.  1).  XVIII  or  XIX,  11 ;  A.  VII,  8  or  9;  scales  5-35-13. 
Head  much  higher  than  long,  in  conse(iuence  of  an  .-idipose  swelling  above 
eye  (in  adult),  which  renders  shai)e  of  head  Corjfph(vna-\\^o\  snout  ele- 
vated; preorbital  wider  than  orbit,  the  diameter  of  wliicli  is  more  than  \ 
of  length  of  head:  cleft  of  mouth  rather  narrow,  horizontal,  the  Jaws 
equal  in  front;  maxillary  not  extending  back  to  vertical  from  front  of 
orbit;  teeth  in  a  band,  those  of  outer  scries  somewhat  enlarged,  an<l  with 
brown  tips;  interorbital  space:  very  convex,  not  quite  twice  as  broad  as 
orbit;  eye  about  equally  distant  from  end  of  snout  and  that  of  operclo 
and  far  below  upper  profile  of  head;  vertical  iins  scaly  at  ))a8o;  spinous 
dorsal  not  very  low,  the  sixteenth  spine  A  as  long  as  he.ad^  first  dorsal 
spine  inserted  above  upper  end  of  gill  opening;  dorsal  and  anal  spines 
long;  pectoral  not  quite  as  long  as  head;  soft  portions  of  dorsal  and  anal 
sliglitly  produced,  the  former  extending  nearly  to  middle  of  caudal ;  free 
portion  of  tail  as  high  as  long ;  caudal  slightly  emargiuate,  its  length  con- 
siderably more  than  ,'  total;  ventral  having  outer  ray  much  produced  and 
reaching  to  sixth  anal  Bi>ine;  fold  of  lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle; 
scales  on  cheek  in  6  series,  rather  irregularly  arranged.  Brownish  olive 
above,  yellowish  below ;  back  with  5  or  6  obscure  blackish  cross  bands, 
not  extending  downward  to  beyond  middle  of  side;  many  scales  with  a 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann . — Fishes  of  North  America.     1533 


Itrown,  vertical  marginal  streak;  a  lateral  Hpot  uBiially  diHtinct;  Hoft 
vertical  iiim  writh  brown  HpotH,uacli  \  as  large  au  a  Hcalc.  Length  7  InchoH. 
Lake  Nicaragua,     ((ilinther.) 

Uefo»  >itcara';i/«n«t«,  (iUntiikr,  Prno.  Znol.  Soc.  Lond.  18n4, 153.  Lake  Nicai  agua  (Coll.  Cni)t. 
Dow);  CiUntiieb,  FIhIi.  ('eiitr.  Am.,  405,  1800. 


IU.14.  IIKROS  Mivti(j|ii:ivsiS,  (iiintlur. 

Hejid  2.1;  ileptli  2.L  D.  XVIII,  10;  A.  VII,  «;  sc  Ioh  4i-^2-13.  Ilend 
Innger  tlian  liigli;  Kiioiit  of  nioiltMiite  length,  Honirwhiit  pointed;  lower 
j.iw  prominent;  cleft  of  mouth  ol>li(|ne;  maxillary  reacliing  heycnid  an- 
terior margin  of  eye.  Width  of  orbit  1  length  of  head,  and  \  width  ol" 
interorbital  space;  eye  immediately  below  npper  profile,  its  distance  from 
end  of  snout  a  littht  more  than  .1  that  from  hinder  margin  of  operculum ; 
oporcles  scaly,  the  scales  on  operculum  larger  than  those  on  cheeli;  sub- 
oporculum  with  2  series  of  scales;  preorbital  with  antero-inferior  margin 
(•(mcavo,  narrow,  its  greatest  width  scarcely  more  than  A  that  of  orbit; 
dentition  as  in  11.  dovii;  first  dorsal  sjdne  inserted  behind  vertical  from 
upper  end  of  gill  opening;  dorsal  and  anal  spines  of  moderate  length  and 
strength,  l«>ngth  of  twelfth  dorsal  tin  Sij  times  in  that  of  head;  vertical 
tins  slightly  scaly  at  base;  soft  doi'sal  and  anal  not  reaching  to  middle  of 
caudal;  caudal  rounded;  distance  between  dorsal  and  caudal  much  less 
than  depth  of  free  portion  of  tail ;  ])ectoral  short,  more  than  .V  lengtli  of 
iiead,  and  extending  only  to  origin  of  anal;  ventral  with  outer  rays  slightly 
produced,  reaching  beyond  vent;  distance  between  vent  and  root  of  ven- 
tral not  quite  It  length  of  head.  Fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in  middle; 
scales  on  cheek  small,  rather  irregularly  arranged,  in  8  or  1>  series.  Green- 
ish brown,  shining  goblen,  sind  irregtilarly  marbled  with  dark  brown;  a 
series  of  quadrangular  black  spots  (probably  a  band  in  young  examples) 
running  from  eye  to  a  black  spot  on  root  of  caudal,  this  spot  above  lateral 
line;  a  brown  baud  descending  obliquely  from  lower  posterior  angle  of 
orbit  to  lower  posterior  angle  of  operculum ;  vertical  fins  with  black  spots, 
each  8i»ot  i  as  large  as  a  scale.  Length  7^  inches.  Lake  Managua,  Nica- 
ragua.    (Giinther.) 

Iferos  managumsix,  (JiiNTHER,  Fish.  Coiitr.  Am.,  403,  i>l.  77,  (!«.  3,  IHCll,  Lake  Managua, 
Nicaragua.    (Coll.  Capt.  Dow.) 

1035.  IIEItON  AUUEirS,r.ii]itlior. 

Head  3;  depth  2^.  1).  XVI,  9  or  10;  A.  VII,  H;  scales  G-33-13.  Head  as 
high  as  long;  snout  somewhat  elevated,  with  cleft  of  mouth  oblique  and 
with  jawsetiual  anteriorly ;  preorbital  as  wide  as  orbit;  eye  a  little  nearer 
to  extremity  of  operculum  than  to  that  of  snout;  dorsal  spines  rather 
slender,  length  of  twelfth  a  little  less  than  k  that  of  head;  tlistance 
l>etween  dorsal  and  caudal  somewhat  less  than  ^  that  of  head  and  some- 
what less  than  greatest  depth  of  free  portion  of  tail ;  caudal  slightly  emargi- 
nate;  distance  between  vent  and  root  of  veiitral  ^  length  of  head;  foltl  of 
lower  lip  continuous  in  middle;  scales  on  cheek  in  5  series.  Yellowish 
olive,  with  6  dark  crossbands  extending  downward  to  a  yellow  longitudi- 
nal baud  running  from  above  pectoral  to  lower  half  of  base  of  caudal;  the 


I  ■ ! 


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I 


inSi  DuUctiyi  f.y,  United  States  National  Museum. 


third  crnssbaud  terniinuting  in  n  larfi^e  blnok  lateral  Hpot;  nidoR  of  hoail 
with  several  bluinh  dotn,  and  Avith  u  blackish  spot  on  nperrnluiii  ami 
Huboperciiluni,  darkest  on  latter  bono;  fins  light  colored,  imnia«;ulat(;. 
Lttngth  5  inrlu's.     (iuateniala.     ((iiintber. )     (aMrcus,  golden.) 

Heron  aurfun,  (iI'ntiikr.  Cat.Finlum,  iv,  2U2.  1S02,  Rio  Motagua  tad  at  Yzabal,  Guate- 
mala (Coll.  Siilviii  \  (!<m1iiiuii)  ;  (irNTilKii,  Fish.  ('untr.  Am.,  45r>,  pi.  7:i,  ttg.  2,  INfiO. 

l»:t(t.  ilKltOS  CITKINKIJillM,  Oiintlior. 

Head  2^ ;  depth  2!.  1).  XVI  or  XVII,  12;  A.  VII,  8  or  9;  scales  6-30-13. 
Head  as  hi^li  as  lon^;  snout  rutlu^r  elevatttil,  not  obtuse;  cleft  of  nioulh 
alniost  horizontal;  lower  jaw  scarcely  prominent;  teeth  in  narrow  banilH. 
those  of  outer  series  cnlurfied,  witli  brown  tips;  maxillary  not  reachinj; 
vertical  from  front  margin  of  eye ;  ]»reorbital  wider  than  orbit;  eye  iloso 
to  upper  i>rollle,  and  a  little  nearer  to  end  of  Hnout  than  to  opercular  nuir- 
giu,  its  diameter  i  length  of  head;  interobitul  space  ilattish,  twice  widtli 
of  orbit;  operclcs  scaly,  the  scales  larger  than  tlioso  on  cheeks;  suboper- 
culum  with  2  series  of  scales.  Soft  anal  and  dorsal  fins  slightly  scaly  at 
base;  points  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  considerably  produced,  and  extendin); 
beyond  middle  of  caudal  iiu,  sometimes  to  its  extremity;  iirst  dorsal  s])iuo 
inserted  above  upper  end  of  gill  opening;  dorsal  and  anal  spines  slender, 
the  eighth  or  tenth  of  dorsal  fin  *  length  of  head ;  pectoral  nearly  as  lonj;- 
as  head,  long  and  rounded,  and  extending  to  fifth  anal  spine;  outer  ven- 
tral ray  produced;  caudal  rounded,  its  length  4A  times  in  total;  distance 
between  vent  and  root  of  ventral  nearly  ^  length  of  head.  Scales  on 
cheek  in  4  series;  fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in  middle;  free  portion  of 
tail  conspicuously  deeper  than  long ;  nape  very  convex ;  interorbital  space 
broad,  its  width  'i  length  of  head.  Lemon  colored,  either  nearly  uniform 
or  with  the  back  black,  which  color  sometimes  forms  irregular  blotches 
on  verti<;al  fins.  Length  8  inches.  Lake  Nicaragua.  (Giinther.)  {citri- 
nellus,  lemon  colored.)  * 

Ileruieitnnellun,  (ilNTHKii,  Proc.  Zool.  Soo.  Lond.  1864,  l."»:i,  Lake  Nicaragua  (Coll.  Capt. 
Diiw) ;  (JOntheu,  Fish.  Coutr.  Am.,  4.1.8,  pi.  71,  tig.  1, 1809. 


■M,''i 


1037.  HKROS  MOTACIITENSIS,  Giintlior. 

Head  2)5;  depth  3.  D.  XVIII,  10;  A.  VII,  8  or  9;  scales  5-32-13.  Head 
longer  than  high ;  snout  of  moderate  extent,  much  longer  than  eye,  pointed ; 
cleft  of  mouth  very  oblique,  lower  jaw  very  prominent;  nisixillary  reach- 
ing nearly  to  vertical  from  anterior  margin  of  orbit;  width  of  orbit  not 
quite  },  length  of  head,  and  less  than  Avidtli  of  interorbital  s|)ace;  pre- 
orbital  with  antero-inferior  margin  but  slightly  concave,  its  great«;st 
width  equal  to  that  of  orbit;  dentition  as  in  //.  dovii;  eye  near  upper 
profile  of  head,  ne.arer  to  end  of  snout  than  to  that  of  operculum ;  operclcN 
scaly;  suboperculum  with  2  series  of  scales;  vertical  fins  scaly  at  base, 
their  points  not  reaching  middle  of  caudal;  caudal  rounded;  distance 
between  dorsal  and  caudal  somewhat  less  than  depth  of  free  portion  of 
tail;  first  dorsal  spine  inserted  behind  vertical  from  u]>per  end  of  gill 
opening;  dorsal  and  anal  spines  short,  length  of  twelfth  dorsal  spine  9 


mi^-  t^as: 

II 

1^ 

M  ii 

Jordan  and  Ever  maun.  ~  Fishes  of  North  America,     1635 


lliat  uf  huad;  ix'ctoral  Hhort,  Iuhh  thun  ji  Uiii^^th  of  head,  and  starcoly 
reaching  to  vont;  ventral  Hhort,  pointed,  the  outer  ray  produced;  diH- 
tjiiico  between  vent  and  root  of  ventral  more  than  i^  length  of  h«iad; 
I'old  of  lower  lip  continnonM  in  middle;  acalcH  on  cheek  small,  in  H  Horiert. 
Mrownish,  a  black  interrupted  band  running  from  eye  to  a  npot  on  root  of 
ciiudal,  this  spot  above  lateral  line;  an  oblii[u«>  short  black  streak  running 
I'rum  lower  posterior  angle  of  orbit  toward  a  spot  on  gutunt  between  oper- 
:  ulum  and  Buboper<^nliim,  close  to  iutcroperculum,  the  band  not  continu- 
ous with  the  spot;  back  Avith  traces  of  irregular  cross  bands,  more  distinct 
iu  young  than  in  old  individuals;  vertical  tins  with  numerous  brown 
(lots.     Length  10  inches.     Kio  Motagua  and  Lake  Nicaragua.    (Giinther.) 

Ueron  motagueniiit,  unNTincR,  FUh.  Contr.  Am., 402,  pi. 77,  ltg.2,1800,  Rio  Motagua,  Nic- 
aragua.   (Coll.  (i<i<tiiian.) 

10»H.  ilKROH  OniiOXdIJS,  Giiiitlinr. 

Head  :}*;  de|)th  3.  1).  XVIII,  12  or  13;  A.  VI,  8  or  9;  scales  5.1-33-15. 
iluad  a  little  longer  than  high;  snont  of  moderate  extent;  jtrcorbital 
wider  than  eye,  the  diameter  of  which  is  \  length  of  head;  cleft  of  mouth 
rather  narrow,  horizontal,  with  jaws  equal  anteriorly;  niiixillary  not 
extending  backw.ard  to  vertical  from  front  margin  of  eye;  teeth  in  a  band, 
those  of  outer  series  much  larger  and  stronger  than  others,  or.d  with  brown 
tips;  interorbital  space  convex,  not  quite  twice  as  broad  as  orbit;  eye 
about  equidistant  from  end  of  snout  and  that  of  opercle;  vertical  tins 
scaly  at  base;  spinous  dorsal  rather  low,  length  of  twelfth  dorsal  spine 
less  than  i  that  of  head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  8<micwhat  produced,  the 
former  reaching  to  middle  of  caudal ;  free  2)ortion  of  tail  rather  longer 
than  high ;  caudal  subtruncatcd,  its  length  a  little  less  than  I  total ;  pec- 
toral shorter  than  head,  about  equal  in  length  to  ventral,  the  outer  ray  of 
which  r«i.aches  to  vent;  fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in  middle;  5  series 
of  scales  on  cheek.  Ihownish,  with  ab  t  5  very  indistinct  broad  darker 
cross  bands,  descending  from  back  to  a  not  less  indistinct  longitudinal 
l)and  running  from  above  pectoral  to  a  black  spot  in  middle  «)f  root  of 
ventral;  vertical  fins  with  transverse  series  of  round  whitish  spots,  sepa- 
rated by  a  network  of  dark  lines;  pectorals  yellowish.  Length  8  inches. 
Rio  Motagua,  Nicaragua.     (Giinther.)     {ohlongus,  oblong.) 


Iferotoblongiis,  OCnthkk,  Fiali.  Centr.  Am.,  464,  1869,  Rio  Motagua,  Nicaragua, 
iiodmaii.) 

!»»».  IIEIIOS  DOVII,  r.iinther. 


(Coll. 


He.ad  2? ;  depth  3.  D.  XVIIl,  11  or  12;  A.  VI,  9  or  10;  scales  5i-3.'5-13. 
Ilead'much  longer  than  high;  snout  rather  elongate,  much  longer  than 
eye,  pointed;  cleft  of  mouth  oblique,  lower  jaw  very  prominent;  maxil- 
lary reaching  vertical  from  anterior  margin  of  orbit;  width  of  orbit  4^^ 
times  in  length  of  head  and  ec^ual  to  that  of  interorbital  space.  Eye  im- 
mediately below  npper  pi'ofilo,  but  considerably  nearer  to  end  of  snont 
than  to  that  of  operculum;  opercles  scaly,  the  scales  on  operculum  larger 
than  those  on  choek;  suboperculum  with  2  serioo  of  scales;  preorbital 


! 

i 

• 

-^ 

1 

15.' W         liulletiii  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


with  antoto-iiii'frioi-  iiiur^iu  but  HliKliHy  ('<><>cavu,  itH  (jroatuHt  width  \  Mmi 
of  orbit;  niiohjuw  with  ii  pair  of  faujic^,  tho  lower  septirate;  Hoft  portions 
of  ilorsal  and  aniil  liiia  scaly  at  bane  and  not  roaohin);  boyoiid  orit^in  of 
anal;  tlrat  dornal  Hpino  inserted  behind  vertical  from  upper  enci  of  ^ill 
openini;;  dorHal  and  anal  NpineH  slonder,  length  of  twelfth  dorsal  spinr  | 
that  of  head ;  caudal  rounded ;  ])<>ctoriil  about  j^  as  lon^;  iis  head  and  scarri'l  \ 
reaching  vertical  from  origin  of  anal;  ventral  jiointcd,  sliffhtly  producoil, 
roachinji;  only  to  vent ;  distance  between  vent  and  root  of  ventral  \  lenntli 
of  head;  fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in  middle.  Scales  on  cheek  sniiill, 
rather  irregularly  arran^^ed,  in  about  H  series.  Brown,  irregularly  nun 
bled  with  darker;  iins  black;  an  indistinct  black  band  along  opevculiiin 
and  side  of  trunk;  an  obli(|uo  blackish  baud  descending  /torn  eye  towiinl 
root  of  pectoral;  a  black  spot  behind  angle  of  mouth.  Length  U  inches. 
Lake  Nicaragua,  N'icaragua.  ((iiiuther.)  (Named  forCapt.  John  M.  Dow, 
tho  collector  of  the  types.) 

UtfM  (lovii,  OOntuer,  rr<M-.  /ool.  Snc.  Loiul.  1804, 154,  Lake  Nicaragua,  Nicaragua ;  (■().% 
THBH,  TiHh.  Coutr.  Am.,  401,  pi.  73,  ttg.  4, 1860. 


I^i. 


* . »     J 


1    i 


1040.  IIEROS  (JIIIHH'KPS,  .Strinilachner. 

Ilond  2J ;  depth  3 ;  eye  5  in  head.  D.  XVII  or  XVIII,  13  or  14 ;  A.  VI,  9  or 
10;  scales  G-33-12.  Hody  rather  elonjjate,  moderately  compressed,  the  baik 
regularly  arched.  Adult  with  largo  lleshy  lump  above  the  eye  to  the 
nape.  Five  rows  of  scales  on  cheek;  preorbital  moderate;  mouth  very 
small,  low;  teeth  slender;  sntmt  projecting  beyond  the  mouth  in  tht^ 
adult;  cleft  of  mouth  arched,  as  long  as  broad,  its  length  equal  to  th:it 
of  eye;  pectoral  short,  IJ  in  head,  as  long  as  ventrals.  Spines  moderate; 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  scarcely  pointed,  scaly  at  base;  caudal  rounded. 
Chocolate  brown,  ytdlowish  below ;  a  row  of  dark  blotches,  0  or  7  in  num- 
ber, along  middle^  line  of  body  from  ujtper  part  of  gill  opening  to  base  of 
caudal;  a  dark  streak  on  each  scale  parallel  with  the  edge;  vertical  fins 
vaguely  mottled.  Length  11  inches.  Rio  Teapa,  Tabasco,  Mexico.  (Stein- 
dachuer.)     (.</»fc?»M8,  gibbous;  -  <'ej>«,  head.) 

IlerosgibhicepH,  Stkindacuneb,  Chroniidoii  Mo.jioos,  12, 1804,  Rio  Teapa,  Tabasco,  Mexico. 


1041.  ilEllOS  MICIlOIMITIIAIiMl'S,  (iimtlier. 

Head.SJ^;  depth  2)^.  D.  XVIII,  13;  A.  V  or  VI,  10  or  9;  scales  5-34-14. 
Head  as  high  as  long;  snout  of  moderate  extent;  ]ircorbital  wider  than 
eye;  cleft  of  mouth  rather  narrow,  horizontal,  with  jaws  equal  anteri- 
orly; interorbital  space  very  convex,  twice  as  broad  as  orbit;  eye  a  little 
nearer  to  extremity  of  snont  than  to  that  of  opercle ;  vertical  flns  scaly 
at  base ;  spinous  dorsal  low,  length  of  twelfth  spine  ^  or  rather  less  than 
^  that  of  head ;  free  portion  of  tail  rather  higher  than  long ;  pectoral 
much  shorterthan  head,  equal  in  length  to  ventral,  which  does  not  extend 
on  to  vent;  fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in  middle;  G  series  of  scales  on 
cheek.  Brownish,  with  indistinct  dark  cross  bands,  and  with  a  dark  band 
along  sides  and  tail,  terminating  at  a  1)l.ack  spot  in  middle  of  root  of  cau- 
dal; each  scale  on  lateral  and  lower  parts  with  a  purjile  spot  at  base;  soft 


Jordan  and  livvrtnaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1537 


{lOi'tioiiH  of  vt^ticul   IliiH  with  hoHi^h  of  Miickish  tlotn;   nxil  of  portural 
iir!tn;;e-<-oloro«l.     ].(>ii{;tli  8  iacheH.     Kio  Motiigua,  Nicaragua,     ((lihitlier.) 

Ihroi  uiierniihtlialmiii,  <i('NTllKii,  Cat.   KIhIich,  iv, 206,   1802,  Rio  Motagua,  Nicarasua. 
(Coll.  (iiMliiian  Si.  Sulviii) ;  (i Onthkk,  KImIi.  Oiitr.  Am.,  404, 1H419. 

1943.  IIKKOM  ritOIMITIIAIiMITN,  (iUntlmr. 

Hoad  noaiiy  '.);  ikptli  '2i  to  L'.l.  I).  XVII,  11;  A.  VI,  1»;  Hoales  5-28-12. 
Iloatl  iiH  liigli  UH  loii);;  snout  rnthor  olovattMl,  with  chift  of  mouth  oltlii|iie 
:iii(l  with  lower  Jaw  proiniiieiit;  prnorhitiil  uh  wido  jih  orbit;  iiit«rorl>ital 
Hpaco  Hilt,  wi«h-r  than  orbit;  uyu  nuarer  t(i  oxtroniity  of  Huoiit  than  to  tliat 
(if  operculum;  dorHal  spiuos  of  moderate  lenjrth  anil  HtreuKth,  length  of 
twelfth  fi  that  of  liead;  free  portion  of  tail  higher  than  long;  anal  spines 
?.lroug  and  long;  distance  botwoou  vent  and  root  of  ventral  ?  length  of 
littad.  Fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in  middle.  ScaleH  on  cheek  in  (i 
>i>rics.  Hrownish  or  greenish  olive,  with  7  blackisli  cross  bands  as  broad 
;is  interspaces  between,  the  fust  descending  obliquely  backward  across 
iia])e;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  below  the  dorsal  spines;  the  seventh 
across  free  portion  of  tail ;  a  large,  black,  white-edged  ocellus  on  root  of 
caudal;  (ins  blackish;  ])ect(H'al  yellowish  toward  base.  Length  7  inches. 
Lake  Petou,  Guatemala.     ((Siinther.)     {ovfid,  tail;  d<^OaA/ios,  eye.) 

Ilfiiis  uvoiihihalmtiK,  OI'ntiikii,  (Jat.  Fmlies,  iv,  '.'01,  1802,  Lake  Peten  (Coll.  GiMliiian  & 
Siilvin) ;  OCntuer,  FIhIi.  Centr.  Am.,  454,  pi.  72,  flu.  1, 1809. 

104.^.  IIKKOS  TltOSniKM,  St<-iii(1a<liiier. 

Head  211;  depth 2,!,.  D.  XVI,  10  or  11;  A.  VI,  8;  scales  5-32  to  34-13; 
eye  IJ^  in  head,  lit  i»  snout;  clieoks  with  5  or  (5  rows  of  scales.  IJody  short 
mid  deep,  the  back  elevated  but  not  much  arched;  mouth  small,  not 
longer  than  eye,  little  curved ;  the  outer  teeth  strong;  pectoral  rounded, 
shorter  than  head,  not  reaching  tirst  anal  spine;  caudal  rounded ;  ventrals 
siiort,  spines  moderate ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  at  base,  pointed  at  tip. 
Hrownish,  with  7  dusky  cross  bands  curved  forward;  a  largo  round  dif- 
fiiHo  blackish  blotch  at  base  of  caudal,  mostly  above  eiid  of  latiTal  line;  a 
deep  black  longitudinal  spot,  part  of  the  first  dark  cross  band,  behind 
b.'ise  of  pectoral;  finsdusky  bluish,  unspotted.  Length  7  inches.  Mexico. 
(Steindachner).     (Named  for  Profe.s8or  Troschel.) 

llerns  ttoicheli,  Sticinoaciineu,  Iclithyologisclie  Notizoii,  iv,  12,  1867,  Mexico. 

1944.  IIRROK  <;¥AXOflIITTATIJS  (Bnird  &  Cirnrd). 

Head  3i;  depth  2^, ;  eye  1;  snout  3.  D.  XVII,  10;  A.  VI,  8;  lateral  lino 
I'o.  Hody  oval,  moderately  compressed;  protile  gently  curved ;  intororbital 
region  slightly  depressed;  eyes  small,  situated  rather  backward  and  high 
lip ;  mouth  small,  maxillary  not  reaching  orbit ;  6  rows  of  scales  on  cheek ; 
liuf  ligh;  longest  dorsal  spine  e([ual  to  distance  from  snout  to  pupil;  soft 
rays  longer,  l!^  in  head;  longest  anal  rays  1;^  in  head,  equal  to  length  of 
pectoral,     brownish,  body  and  soft  parts  of  vertical  fins  everywhere  wiih 


i    f      i;i 


■''-^■'-'^"Tii  fVTn*  " 


TT  •  f  ■   •  ifi'  >  • 


Hi 


15JJ8  /iulltiin  /-,  UnHi'(i  Statis  National  Mnsvum. 

HIUIlll     ItlllU  NpulN;    HOIIIotllllUN     U    Itlucli  Hpltt    Oil    Illilltll       ol'    HpillUllB  (lors;i  I, 

with  aiiotluM- one  bulow  it  on  htiuk ;  »  hlitiik  lilotcli  ut  Imiho  uf  ciiuil.il. 
KivflFH  of  NoiithweHti'i'ii  TuxnH  »ii(l  iiortlioiiHtorii  Moxivo;  chit^lly  <'oiirni,i| 
to  tli«)  biiHiii  ot'tlio  Kio  Oruiitlo;  tlio  only  HporirH  oC  r'ir/i/idd' eiititriiig  tin. 
lIiiitiMl  StatoM.     (wiKii'fos,  I'lfiineHu,  liliir;  niitlalnit,  Hpottod.) 

Ilfriehlhi/i  fiianoijiittatiit,  ItAiiU)  &  *!irarii,  I'roo.  A<'.  Nat.  Sri.  I'lilln.,  vii,  IHOi.  •.;:, 
Rio  Grande,  Brownsville,  Tcxaa  (T,v|ii>,  No.  H6I.  Coll.Joliu  II.  Cliirk);  ltAiiir>  \ 
(iiKAitii.  U.S.  anil  M<>x.  Itoiinil.  Miir\ .,  /<miI.,  :i(l,  pi.  4,  IIkm.  0  TJ,  185U. 

Ilenm  fiiutintiiitttituti,  (iU-NTllKK,  Cut.  FImIiuh,  iv,20U,  \WVi;  .loHDAN  it  (Ill.iiKHT,  SynnitsU, 
UU8,  18tl3. 

lIMri.  IIKItOH  I'AVO.NACKI  H,  liitruian 

Hoaa  2ii ;  depth  2ii.  I).  XVr,  12;  A.  V,  8;  Bcal.-H  4-:\'2-V2.  Iload  nn  d,,  p 
aH  long;  oyo  largo,  widur  than  preorbital,  itH  front  bohiiid  tip  of  iiuixil- 
laiy;  r>  rowH  of  HiialnH  on  chork ;  low*-r  lip  not  d««Hori1ied;  lifth  dors.'il 
Hpiiie  highest;  Hoft  <lorHal  and  anal  rouching  caudal;  pni-toralH  to  v<Mit. 
Dark  brown,  decked  with  palo;  I  to  7  ocollated,  vertically  oxpandnl 
black  HpotH  on  Hide  below  doi'Hal  lin;  an  ocellated  black  8pot  on  ba.sc  ni' 
tail  above  lateral  line;  side  with  10  or  12  faint  dark  croNU  bandH.  Mon- 
dova,  Coahnila,  Mexico,     ((iarinan).     {pnroiiainin,  like  a  jteacock.) 

IJeroa  pavimaeewi,  (iAKMA.v,  Hull.  Miih.  (<'oiii|i. /ool.,  viii,  03,  1881,  Spring  near  Monclova 
in  Coahuila,  Mexico;  Juhda.n&  (iii.iiKUT,  Syuoimis,  030,  188:i. 


ll  ■  '^ 


¥  ^ 


lUl.  I 


I 


1940.  IIKKON  AliTIKKONN,  Kner  A  Stniiulachiutr. 

Head  2/, ;  depth  2i.  \).  XVI,  11 ;  A.  V,  8  or  9.  Suout  rather  high,  width 
of  prejrbital  more  than  that  of  orbit.  .FawH  equal  in  length.  Eye  con- 
siderably nearer  to  end  of  opercnlnin  than  to  that  of  snout.  Dorsal  M]iiii*'s 
of  moderate  length  and  strength.  I^ower  lip  dilated  into  a  lobe  on  eat  h 
Hide,  which  in  broade.st  behind.  Scales  (m  cheek  in  4  or  5  Hcries.  Hody 
with  4  or  ,5  dark  vertical  bands,"  eacli  band  with  a  darker  blotch ;  scat- 
tered ]»earl-colored  dots  all  over  body;  a  dark  spot  on  middle  of  root  <>{' 
candal  fin.  Isthmus  of  Panama  and  southward.  (Kner  &  Steindachnui .) 
(altut,  high;  froim,  forehead.) 

Jleron  alti/rnnt,  Knku  \-  Steinhaciinek,  Sitzgolver.  baycr.  Akml.,  223, 1803,  New  Granada , 
Aliliuiiill.  Iiayer.  Akail.,  x,  11,  tal'.  2,  tiji;.  1 ;  GCnther,  Fiali.  ( Viitr.  Am.,  iM,  18A0. 

1047.  IIKROS  KKAM,  .Ionian. 

(Mo.lAKUA    VeHDE.) 

Head  .3;  depth  2\.  D.  XVI,  11;  A.  V,  8;  scales  4.}-30-12.  Body  oblong, 
com|iresBed,  the  back  moderat«'ly  elevated;  profile  gibbons  at  na|)e,  «lc- 
preHsed  and  concave  above  eyes,  thence  straight  to  tip  of  snout,  which  is 
short  and  rather  sharp;  snont  3  iu  head;  eye  Hinall,  4.}  in  head,  H  in  the 
slightly  concave  interorbital  space;  lower  lip  moderate,  its  fold  contin 
uons,  withont  frennm;  teeth  moderate, maxillary  short,  3j^  in  head;  lowor 
Jaw  slight.^  projecting;  preorbital,  4.1  in  head;  6  rows  of  scales  on  cheek; 
edge  of  preoperclo  oliliqae,  straight,  entire;  gill  rakers  very  short,  thick- 

*  Kner  &  Steiudochuer  deaoribo  thorn  us  "  tatnice,"  iustead  of  "/a«ci<s."    (Uuntber.) 


1*. 

M't 

Jordan  and  F.vcrmaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     ir».'M> 

iih;  (loraul  Hitiium  low  tl'o  luutfimt  ii  litth^  Nliortfli' tliitii  Hiioiit;  Hol'ttlorHiil 
1111)1  iiiiul  eh^viited,  pointed,  tli«*ir  tipH  rnurliiii^  n  littln  punt  liano  of  cuiitliil, 
\\\\\  loii^eHt  rny  about  \\  in  htMul;  Imihoh  of  mit't  doiHul  nnd  iiiml  Honiuwliiit 
si.'ily;  t'uiidiil  Hubtnniciito;  veiitmlH  r»aoliiiiK  boyoml  poctoralH,  uMirly  to 
IVitiit  of  anal,  \\  in  huad;  ])vrtoralH  lj|;  origin  of  vc^ntral  spino  nndcr  pec- 
toral ItaHv.  Color  olive,  tho  rrnterH  of  many  H(Mil«>H  on  Hid«M  of  Itody  and 
h  ;mI  pa1«)r  in  H<imu  Hpi-cinn^nH  (  9  0  <i»d  <liirkrr  in  othttiH  {i  \)\  Hid«>H  witli 
li;ii'«>8  of  about  H  obH«Miro  dark  cnmH  barH,  wliirli  art)  ultont  aa  widtt  an  tiu^ 
iiitorHparvH;  a  faint  {tale  Htroak  from  b<do\v  oyo  to  maxillary;  an  oltHrnrt* 
lilai'k  H|K)t,  moHt  tlintinvt  in  young  and  ratlior  lurp-r  than  oyo,  on  lateral 
\\\\y\  and  below  idevi-ntb  and  twelfth  dornal  H|)ineH;  a  Himilar  Hpot  at  bane 
III  I'jiiiilal,  JuHt  above  lateral  line;  Hdh  tdivacooiiH,  the  dttrHulH,  randal,  and 
iiiiiti  with  roundiHh  HputH  of  darkolivi';  lower  IhiH  dusky.  Adult  in  life 
V.  itli  a  blark  Npot  on  fach  ucale,  Hume  forming  Heries;  lirHt  dornal  eilgcd 
with  dark  red,  the  2  black  ItlotcheH  and  black  bars  obsolete.  Young, 
li^rht  olive,  banded  witli  darker,  with  the  bars  and  blotches  diHtinet;  n«> 
liliio,  yellow,  or  red.  Length  1  to  M  incheH.  Kio  I'rcnidio,  Ma/atlan;  a 
M  ry  abundant  specieH,  the  northennnost  of  the  family  on  the  I'acillc  coast; 
used  as  food.  (Named  for  Dr.  Tarletoii  llotl'mun  Heau,  now  director  of 
the  New  York  Atjuarium,  "in  recognition  of  his  researches  in  American 
iriitliyology.") 

//.  ro«  hvani,  Johdan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Miis.  1888,  332,  Rio  Presidio,  ii<>ar  Mazatlan.  ('I'y|>t'n 
No8. 37145,  and  3710.';.    (!<ill.  Alplioimo  Forrw) ;  Johpan,  I'roc.  (.'al.  Ac.  Sci.  IHOr.,  4711. 

I04S.  IIKKON  TKTKACANTIIIIS  (Ciivier  \-.  YuliMicioniuiH). 

(VlA.IA<A.) 

Mead  2J  to  !{;  depth  2J.  1).  XV  or  XVI,  10  to  12;  A^  IV  or  V,  7  to  9; 
Hciiies  5-IW  or  31-10;  pores  of  lati;ral  lino  lS+12.  llead  as  long  aH  high, 
with  the  upper  prolile  concave  above  eyes;  snout  of  :nodcrate  extent,  itn 
length  \  that  of  head ;  cleft  of  mouth  very  obli(|uo,  not  extending  to 
iit'low  anterior  margin  of  eye;  lower  .jaw  prominent;  preorbital  rather 
mil  rower  than  orbit,  diameter  of  which  is  %  lengi>1i  of  hea<l;  intcrorbital 
space  wider  than  orbit,  its  naked  portion  Hat;  eye  immediately  below 
ui»|»or  profile,  nearer  to  extremity  of  snout  than  to  that  of  opercnlnm. 
Scalt's  ctenoid,  those  (»n  cheek  small,  in  7  horizontal  and  10  vertical 
series;  basal  portion  of  vertical  lins  scaly;  snout,  preorbital,  and  lower 
Jaw  naked;  scales  before  dorsal  varying  much  in  size;  dorsal  spines  rather 
I't'cble,  nearly  \  that  of  head ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  somewhat  elevated  in 
middle,  extending  slightly  beyond  base  of  caudal ;  iiual  sjunes  of  moderate 
length  and  strength;  caudal  rounded;  pectoral  rounded,  equal  in  length 
to  distance  of  snout  from  posterior  margin  of  preopercnlum,  about  reach- 
ing to  tips  of  ventrals;  ventral  pointed,  origin  of  ventral  spine  under  pec- 
toral base,  a  little  more  than  \  length  of  head,  not  extending  to  vent;  2 
pores  near  angle  of  oporcle;  teeth  in  jaws  forming  a  band,  those  in  outer 
series  enlarged;  lower  pharyngeal  somewhat  longer  than  broad,  with 
short  cardiform  teetlv,  those  iii  middle  of  its  posterior  +  obtusely  conical 
ur  molar-liko.    Fold  of  lower  lip  continuous  in  middle ;  7  series  of  scales 


-X    ■  '  .1  J»W1 


i^HWauii 


iPia  iiwiqpip^P- 


ir»40  nullcliti  /7,  f^m'lrd  Stall's  S^ofional  Museum. 


on  clutok.  Itrowninh;  oat'li  ncalo  with  n  ilurk-lir«»wii  Hput  iit  I  .,  tht> 
•potn  fortnin^  loii);itii«liiiiil  H«^ri«'H;  iiiur>{iiiii  ol'  priMi|torciiliiiii  with  iMnnal 
Niiniliir  Hpotn;  a  pair  of  ditrk-brown  npotH  in  nxil  <ni  pnt'tontl,  «>ii«)  hii|m  ri. 
nrly,  tho  itthnr  int°i«riorly ;  tloriiul  tin  with  obH(ilflt«i  lirnwn  HpotH,  Mm  ntlicr 
tinH  ininui(Miliit«>:  4  w«<ll-niiirko<l  ilurk-browu  l<>nutliwifl«>  nti-iMtkH  <>n  Ih' i<i, 
tho  lirHt  from  poHterior  tnnr({i"  of  oye  to  nn^h^  of  opfli-c.jfl,  th»  Hflconti  on 
iitwi^r  e(l){n  of  oyo,  tho  third  iihovo  iin^ln  of  mouth,  the  fourth  n  litiln 
Im«Iow  it;  tho  luHt  \\  oxtonilin^  ovor  tho  operch'i;  dorHal,  luial,  and  niuihil 
with  liir^o  dark  HpotH.  Loii^th  ((  inclM'H.  UivorH  of  ('nita;  locaiiy  iomi 
men;  a  food  IJHh  of  Monm  iniportaunn.  Iloro  d«Hi-rili«d  from  a  HpeciniiMi 
from  |{i«>  AlnuMidaros,  Cuba,  \\  inrhoH  in  l«n){th.  (r^'r/xr,  ftuir;  iXHuyUn, 
Hpino.) 

t'futriirehuii  tftrneaitihvn,  CrviKie  \    Vai.kniiknnkh,   IliHt.  Nnt.  PoInm.,    vii,  4tl(i,   inii. 

Cuba. 
dhromu  /u«C(>'(/inci(/(i(f(«,  (iricuKNoT,  Kiiiiinii  <lo  In  Siitrni,  lliHt.  Ilr  Culm,  I'uIhh.,  7M,  |iI.'J, 

IIK.3,  \HM,  Havana. 
Ai'ara/iiii-ii  miiniliila,  iiONTiiKit,  <'iil.  KIhIhh,  iv.L'Hj,  I81IL*. 
.loamtetrdfUHtAiu, Htkindai'hnkk,  (Min>iuiil«ii  M<<,|ii'im,  4,  IritVi. 


617.  THERAPS,  (Jiiiith«<r. 
7'/n!rrty)»,(}l'NTnKli,  Cut.  FIhIiom  Itrit.  Miih.,  iv,  2H4,  1802  (inrpulnris). 

Itotly  compn-HHed,  oltlon^,  covrrod  witli  modorato  ctenoid  Hcnles,  th<)R<> 
of  the  lateral  lino  not  onlar^^od;  t«M^th  ronical,  in  a  band;  numtli  Huiall. 
th<«  lower  J<iw  includiul;  HcaloH  on  chorkH  huuiU;  j^ill  rakurH  Hliort,  hoiny ; 

doraal  and  anal  not  Hcaly;  anal  Hphies  uormally  !'>,  HomctimoH  4.     CiMiti'.il 
Amurica. 

(0/-'fnr(f>,  Hlavo,  probably  from  some  roHunddanco  io  7     rapoti  tliertipH,  :in 

KaHt  Italian  liHliailliod  to  t'onuKiania.) 


■f;;1 


l»4».   TIIKiai'S  lltRKOITIiAlUN,  (iimtlxr. 

Head  3J ;  depth  3*.  I).  XVI,  U;  A.  V,  0;  BcalcH  4-35-11.  ll.jid 
ionjrer  than  high ;  snout  comproHHed  and  promiueut,  itH  length  I  that  of 
head,  and  nearly  twice  width  of  orbit;  cleft  of  mouth  rather  small, 
extending  backward  somewhat  behind  tho  vertical  from  nostril;  up])(>r 
Jaw  slightly  overlapjdng  lower;  tct^th  in  a  narrow  band,  those  of  tli<« 
outer  series  largest ;  preorbital  some  what  wider  than  orbit,  its  width  boin;; 
equal  to  that  of  interorbital  space,  which  is  rather  convex;  eye  immedi- 
ately below  upper  profile,  its  center  being  a  littl4^  behind  middle  of  length 
of  head.  Scales  cm  cheek  small,  in  6  oblique  series.  PoHterior  limb  of 
pr*^o])erculuin  longer  than  tho  inferior  and  descending  obliquely  forward; 
scales  on  oporcles  as  large  as  those  on  neck ;  those  near  base  of  dorsal  iind 
on  abdomen  very  Hmall.  Scales  ctenoid;  dorsal  tin  commencing  abov*^ 
root  of  ventral,  and  not  scaly;  spines  of  moderate  length  and  strength, 
length  of  the  fifteenth  I  that  of  head,  soft  portion  not  extendingto  caud.'il, 
if  laid  backward;  tho  <listauee  between  dorsal  and  caudal  equals  that  of 
the  extremity  of  snout  from  posterior  m.irgin  of  orbit;  caudal  rounded: 
pectoral  shorter  than  head;  ventral  spine  only  ^  as  long  as  fin,  and 
enveloped  in  skin  together  with  the  first  soft  ray;  tin  not  extending  t<* 


/onhtu  ////</  /•A'trnujiiH.   -/•'islits  of  Xorf/i  .  Init'tiiv.,      \Tt\\ 

Milt;  oiitur  biani'hiiil  iin-h  provltloil  with  Hhnit  littniy  procutmrn;  luwrr 
|iliaryiiii(Mkl  hroiitlur  than  Ioiik,  tho  luteiiil  halvuH  nut  llrnily  nnitml,  iirniiMl 
NMili  xillii'orni  trrth,  an*l  with  2  iowh  of  Mtion^or  lonit-ul  t««oth  alon^ 
111  niitltllc.  HrildiHh  ttlivi',  nnirhhitl  with  blackJHh,  tho  hittur  coiur  t'onn- 
iiiL;7rathur  ii'i»Kular  trunHvri'Ho  ItandH,  noniM  oi'  which  oxt<>n(l  on  doi-Hui 
I'm  :  liully  Hilv<ti'y,  niarlil«*«l  with  hIat'liiKh;  o|M'rrlitH  iimlHonioHiuhiHon  hudy 
Willi  hliiu  th>tH.  I.tii^th  (t  inchfH.  (inutuinalu.  ((ilinthoi.)  {irrcijnloiin, 
iii.-y;uhir.) 

fh,  nip*  imillilaiii,  ISrNTIIICII,  ('itt.  KimIii'h,  IV,  I'M,  IMtrj,  Ouatematu.     (Coll.  Halviii.) 
//' '  '«  irriijularU,  OrNinKit,  KIhIioh  Omilr,  Am.,  4fl7,  pi.  7H,  tl|{.  ",  IHilV. 


6i8.  NEETROPLUS,  (ilUKhur. 

\,iti„iilu»,  (irNiMl<:ii.  FImIi.  OiiI.  .\iii.,  4ltU,  IHII'.I  (n,mnl»itu»). 

I'liiH  KoniiHdiil'oi'H  from  //oroMiind  ("whlitHomn  rliii'lly  in  having  antttrioiiy 
:i  iiiw  «)!'  Ilal  ini'iHui'-lilic  tuoth,  liohin«l  which  In  a  band  of  villil'unn  t«M)th. 
Ciiitral  Anieiira.  ^^'^d(,  lu^vf]  /v'/>-(»^)/hn,  a  rulatod  guniiH  fonud  in  India; 
//r/jor,  abdointMi;  iiVAui',  arniatnru). 


II.  DorHitl  i-iiyM  \l\.  11);  itiiiil  niyM  VIII,  7. 
,1,1.  I''j»ul  ni.VH  Will,  Hi  iiimiI  inyH  VII,  7. 


NKMATOIMH,  1ltB«». 
NU'AllAill'KNHlH,  tUftl. 


I1»A0.  NIlKTItOPMTN  MKMATOITN,  (!iliitlit*r. 

jload  :Ja;  depth  L'jj.  1).  XIX,  10;  A.VllI,  7;  hcuIch  nj-lU-ll.'.  Iluud  an 
lii;;li  an  \»nn,  with  uii  ndipoHu  iironiinonco  ovoroyo,  whicli  rendcrHprotilo  of 
I'm I'liuad Honunvhat  abrnpt ;  huoii i  atlior  couipirHaod  anil  proiiiiuunt,  loiifrth 
of  Hiiunt  ji  that  ol'  head,  and  luoio  than  witlth  of  orbit,  which  ia  nearly  j( 
luti^th  of  head;  deft  of  mouth  Hinall,  uxtundinj;  backward  Huniuwhat 
lii'liind  vertical  from  noHtril;  jawH  equal  in  front;  teeth  in  a  band,  thoHc 
of  itiitur  HorieH  );eiiuinu  incisorH,  which  appear  to  be  replaced  by  Huialler 
oiii's.  istandin^r  behind  in  a  band;  iiiciHiU'H  V;  preorbital  wider  than  eye, 
iti|ii:il  ill  width  to  interorbital  Hpace,  whi«;h  Ih  convex;  eye  at  Home  distance 
fi'oiii  upper  profile,  nearer  to  end  of  opercle  than  to  that  of  Huuut;  Hcales 
nil  cheek  small,  in  about  5  oblique  stories;  ponterior  limb  of  preoperciilum 
ulioiit  twice  as  long  as  the  inferior,  and  descending  obli<|uely  forward; 
sriiie.4  on  opercleH  as  large  as  those  on  neck  ;  those  near  base  of  dorsal  and 
(III  abdomen  very  small ;  dorsal  tin  cununencing  above  vertical  from  hinder 
iiiai'gin  of  oporenlum;  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  at  base;  spines  rather  strong 
the  Hixteenth  dorsal  spine  nearly  j  length  of  head;  soft  portions  of  both 
tiiifl  produced,  reaching  beyond  middle  of  caudal;  caudal  truncated;  pec- 
toral 8hort«'r  than  head;  outer  ray  of  ventral  produced  into  a  filament  as 
long  as  the  tin;  foldof  lower  Jaw  interrupted  in  middle;  5  series  of  scales 
nil  che(!k.  Brownish  olive,  with  irregular  darker  clouds.  Length  4^ 
inches.  Lake  Managua,  Nicaragua.  ((Uinther. )  {inj/ui,  thread;  rrovg, 
loot. ) 

yeitrnplus  neinatopuB,  (iOntiikk,  KIhIi.  CViitr.  Aiii.,470,  pi.  74,  flg.4, 18I!U,  Lake  Managua, 
Nicaragua.    (Coll.  Capt.  Dow.) 


!  M 


;»*,  Trj<,>»»'i7"-7    -t'/y.  ^j-pjv^p-' 


r!?ff 


li 


1542  nulktin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


19A1.  NKKTROPIiirs  NI(MKA»IIKKHIS,  Uill  \  MranHfoid. 

Heiu!  short;  depth  2i,  D.  XVIII,  11;  A.  VII,  7.  Snout  convex  forwjud 
iind  siihtruuciited  in  front;  length  (or  depth)  of  Hnout  ecinalin^  nearly  ( 
thiit  of  head;  intrrobital  area  convex;  preopcrculuni  niodcrately  ol»li(|ii(.; 
Hupraniaxillarics  terminating  at  a  vertical  about  a  2>i>P'^'s  length  in 
advance  of  orbits;  lips  moderately  developed,  the  lower  interrupted  liv 
a  broad  isthmus  iu  fro,.t;  caudal  ]>cdiiiicle  slender,  its  length  equaling  its 
height;  dorsal  spines  inereasing  in  a  bold  curve  from  first  to  fifth,  the  re-^^t 
subequal;  the  soft  rays,  when  bent  hack,  reaching  nearly  to  terminal  luili 
of  caudiil;  anal  Hn  commencing  about  under  fourteenth  dorsal  spine,  tlic 
lirst  3  spines  rapidly  increasing,  the  suceeeding  more  slowly,  the  longest, 
rays  reaching  to  second  tiiird  of  caudal  fin  ;  caudal  fin  forming  about  ]  nf 
extreme  length,  its  posterior  margin  traneatcd;  ]iuetoral  lln  extending  to 
about  a  vertical  with  the  anus;  ventral  tin  to  about  the  third  or  fourtli 
anal  spine,  the  iilament  of  the  external  ray  moderately  produced.  Coldi 
olive  brown,  almost  unii'orm;  tins  also  uniform,  save  that  perhaps  ;'m' 
soft  ])ovtion  of  dorsal  and  anal  are  darker  at  base.  Lake  Nicaragua,  ((iiil 
&.  Brausford.) 

XcetroiUnt  vicaraijuennis,  (Jiix  \  1!iian8Koki>,  Pioc.  A<!.  Nut.  Sci.  I'hilii.  1877,  180,  Lako 
Nicaragua. 

619.  SATANOPERCA,  (J-inther, 

(rAI'PATKUUAS.) 
Oeophaijitt,  Heckei>,  Urnsil.  I'luss-Fisoho.  Am.  Wieii.  Mus.  1840,  :i8;i  {suriiiaviennk). 

Body  compressed,  oblong,  covered  with  moderate,  ctenoid  scales;  (!ye 
behind  middle  of  head;  mouth  moderate,  the  teeth  very  small,  conical,  in 
narrow  bands;  fold  of  lower  lij)  interrujjted  mesially;  preorbital  deep; 
dorsal  spiues  13  to  15;  anal  spines  3;  base  of  soft  dorsal  naked;  eheek 
with  small  scales;  outer  gill  arch  provided  with  a  compressed  lamolliform 
lobo  above,  its  concave  side  provided  with  short  horny  processes;  the  edj^o 
of  the  lobe  with  more  or  less  distinct  papilhe.  Kicsh  waters  of  Brazil  iind 
I'cru;  1  species  entering  our  limits.  This  genus  is  very  close  to  Gcopha- 
gus,  with  which  Steindachuer  and  Eigonmauu  have  reunited  it.  The  soil 
dorsal  is  scaly  at  base  in  (ieophayus.  {6arLXva.<i,  a  demon;  itEfJUij,  perch; 
tlie  type  species  w;».s  called  a  devil,  Geophatjus  dwmon,  lor  no  obvioii.s 
reason.) 


I 
i 


10»2.  SATANOi>Eit('A  <'ItASSIJ.ABKIS  (Steintlsuliiiei). 

Head  2!i ;  depth  2^;  eye  5  in  head;  snout  If;  maxillary  3;  maudiblo  :{. 
1).  XVI,  9;  A.  Ill,  8;  scale;  5-35-9.  Body  short  aud  stout;  snout  long, 
the  dorsal  outline  abruptly  iind  strongly  arched  above  the  eyes,  forming 
a  prominent  hump ;  ventral  outline  gently  curved ;  caudal  peduncle  long 
and  slender;  mouth  moderate,  little  oblique,  maxillary  not  reach 'ng  more 
than  tf  distance  to  vertical  of  orbit:  ]>remaxillarles  protractile;  upper  lij' 
with  abroad  flap  iu  front,  and  strongly  resembling  that  of  Ueroa  loboehi- 


Hi 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      lol3 


/,(,s,  Imt  not  tjxteiided  in  a  long  flap;  lower  lip  jmrted  in  tin-  niiddlo  and 
)|r|ii-iidiug  on  each  Hido  uh  a  dap;  Jaws  eiich  with  a  Itand  of  Hniall  tet^tli, 
the  liand  increasmt;  rapidly  in  width  toward  tho  front,  the  ontor  toeth 
.somewhat  enlarged,  their  tips  goldrn  brown;  thuuinall  dot-shaped  noHtril 
iiniror  ryo  than  snout;  preorbital  about  twice  diainoter  of  eye,  twice  as 
liui^  as  wid<<,  and  without  si-ah's;  opercle  and  i)reopercle  entirely  scaled, 
till'  interopiTcle  scalelcsH.  Dorsal  spines  moderate,  the  length  of  the  first 
iilioiit  2  in  eyo,  that  of  tho  eighth  about  \  eye;  soft  dorsal  falcate,  the 
iiist  rays  produced,  rearhing  middle  of  caudal,  Ij  in  head;  anal  rays 
St  long,  gvaduatt'd,  th»i  third  eipial  to  length  of  longest  dorsal  spine;  soft 
|i(>rti(»n  of  anal  fab-ate,  resembling  the  corresponding  part  of  the  dorsal, 
till'  rays  of  about  the  same  length;  pectoral  reacliing  origin  of  anal,  \\  in 
IkimI;  ventral  falcate,  the  first  ray  produced  and  nearly  as  long  as  i)ec- 
tiual,  the  spine  ecinal  to  third  anal  spine.  Anterior  portion  of  lateral  line 
witli  20  pores,  the  posterior  part  with  about  12,  the  line  broken  under  the 
liist  dorsal  rays.  Color  in  alctdiol,  brownish  above,  lower  parts  yellowish, 
the  scales  Itordered  with  dark  brown;  traces  of  4  or  5  darker  cross  bars; 
clice^  blue.  Panama  (Steindaehncr);  not  seen  by  us.  {crasma,  thick; 
lahrum,  lip.) 

Cojihagus  {Satanoperen)  crasitilabriM,  Stkinkaciinku,  Iclitli.  IJcitr.,  v,  17,  \<l.  7,  1870,  Isth- 
mus of  Panama,  near  Candelaria. 


I  I 


Family  (HJX.     POMACIONTHID.E. 
(The  Dkmoiski.i.ks.) 


Kody  short,  deep,  compressed,  covered  with  ctenoid  scales  of  varying 
si/c;  Literal  line  wanting  posteriorly;  month  small,  nsnally  with  rather 
Ht long  teeth,  either  conic  or  ineisor-like;  vomer  and  palatines  toothless; 
nostril  single  on  each  side,  nearly  round;  preopercle  with  its  posterior 
etljfe  largely  free,  serrate  or  entire;  preorbital  she.athing  the  small  niiixil- 
laiy;  dorsal  fin  single,  with  numerous  strong  spines,  tlie  spinous  i»ortion 
longer  than  the  soft,  which  is  similar  to  the  soft  anal,  both  tins  scab  at 
hiise;  anal  spines  2;  ventral  fins  thoraeie,  I,  .5,  the  anterior  rays,  longest, 
nsnally  filamentous;  a  sealy  appendage  at  base  of  ventral.  Lower  i)har- 
yngeals  fully  united  ;  branchiostegals  5  to  7;  gills  3i,  the  slit  behind  tho 
last  gill  very  small  or  obsolete;  gill  rakers  rather  long  au<l  slender;  no 
labyrinthiform  !xppen«lago;  air  bladder  and  psendobranchia*  present; 
l)yloric  Cicca  2  or  3;  gill  membranes  free  from  the  isthmus.  Vertebrae 
12-1-14=26.  Fishes  of  tho  tropical  seas,  similar  in  mode  of  life  t(»  the 
Clidfodontidw,  feeding  on  small  marine  animals  and  plants  in  the  coral 
reefs.  Genera  15 ;  species  about  180,  most  of  them  too  small  to  be  use^l 
as  food.  They  are  very  active  in  life  and  the  coloration  is  usually  bril- 
liant, sometimes  clianging  nuich  with  age.  The  family  shows  strong  affini- 
ties with  the  Labridw,  in  its  gill  structures  and  pbaryngeals.  In  other 
r(\spect8  i'c  approaches  the  Kfiphosida^,  wliile  the  unique  character  of  the 
simple  nostril  is  shared  with  the  Cichlidtv  only,  from  ancestors  of  which 


m 


1^: 


:^' ■^T'-~\  ::•'- '^-ti^^ -t^^, ; ■ 


■''•.•'■wr-.-Vr^'  rfv- ,  1 


','!i' 


■1  i  ■  :- 


1544  IluUdiH  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


group  the  /W»a«e«<nrf<»'aro  probably  deHCundud.     (I'omacinlridw,  GUuthci 
Cat.,  IV,2-G4.) 

I.  K<-iUo8liiTKu, '^5  to  40  in  Icn^thwlHO  xoricM. 

I'OMACENTRIN^K: 

a   Teotli  fixed,  conical  or  inciHor-likc,  covorin^r  noarlj  tlio  wliulo  froo  odfje  ol"  vn-.], 
jaw;  carnivorouH  HpecioH. 
b.  'I'oetli  couicul,  in  2  to  4  sorioH,  tlio  outer  t-nlar^ed  and  bliintisli;  ])r('<>p('ri  Ic 
ent  ir<3 :  scales  lar^o. 
c.  Uody  BlendiT    llie  deptli  about  i  len^tli;  lateral  line  subuoinplett- ;  tail 
deeply  t'oi  ke;l.  Aziiki;,a,  (iji. 

cc.  Uody  oblong,  tlio depth  «  to  5  length;  lateral  line  wanting  on  tail. 

CiiKOMis,  (ii;i. 
bb.  Teetli  nu>re  or  less  llattened  or  iiiciHor-liko,  in  1  or  2  Hcric^s. 

(/.  Preoperde,  and  UHUally  preorbital  also,  .sliarply  serrate. 

e.  Teeth  entire,  strictly  uuiaerial  in  each  Jaw;  preorbital  not  vcn 
deep,  its  edge  not  notched;  snout  scaly;  lower  Jaw  naked. 

KUl'OMACKNTUL'S,  (iJL'. 

dd.  Preopercle  and  preorbital  strictly  entire;  snout  naked. 

/.  Suborbitals  entirely  adnate  to  th(<  cheeks.  NKXiLABirss,  fii;:;. 

ff.  Suborbitals  not  a<liiato  to  the  cheeks. 

(/.  Teeth  enuirgiuato  or  Y-shaped;  preorbital  moderate. 

.VllUDEKDUl',  tlL'l 
(/(/.  Toot h  entire ;  preorbital  very  deep.  IlYi'SYi'Oi's,  (;2.i 

MlOKOSI'ATIIODONTIN.l'; : 

aa.  Teeth  movable,  incisor-like,  in  I  row  on  front  of  each  Jaw;  tlie  lower  jaw 
weak,  with  teeth  along  its  front  only;  preoperclo  and  preorbital  entire, 
snout  scaled  almost  to  lips;  ]>roorbital  notched  behind  nostril;  lower  limli 
of  preoperclo  scaled;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  elevated;  caudal  deeply  forked ; 
soft  anal  rather  long,  of  14  or  15  rays;  herbivorous  species. 

^IlCKOSI'ATHODON,  G'JC, 

620.  AZURINA,  Jordiiu  A  McGi'cgor,  new  geuus. 

Aziirina,  Jokdan  &.  Mct'iKKCiOii  MS.,  Fishes  of  tlio  Kevillagigedo  Islands,  1898  (hirundn). 

Thia  geiuis  is  (dosoly  allied  to  Chromis,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  loii.i,' 
aud  slender  body,  the  low  vertical  lius,  the  very  deeply  forked  tail,  the 
pointed  snout,  and  esjtecially  in  the  continiioiis  lateral  line  which  exteiids 
much  beyond  the  dorsal  fin  and  is  wantiuf^  on  but  2  or  b  scales,  {aziireiin, 
blue.) 

l»5:t.  AZIJillNA  ilIKIlNUO,  Jordan  iV  McCregor,  new  species. 

Head  4  in  length;  depth  H^.  I).  XII,  il;  A.  II,  11;  scales  31;  maxillary 
3  in  head;  eye  i^;  pectoral  1:  ventral  li ;  longest  dorsal  spine  Sij,  longest 
soft  ray  I ;  second  anal  spine  3rl,  longest  soft  ray  3 ;  caudal  lobes  1^ ;  middle 
caudal  rays  4.  Body  elongate  «dliptical,  slender  and  symmetrical;  mod 
erately  compressed;  bnout  acute;  profile  slightly  depressed  above.  I'.ye 
moderate,  larger  than  in  related  species;  niaxiUary  re.ichiiig  to  below  front 
of  eye.  Teeth  conical,  rather  few  and  small,  in  narrow  bands  or  almost  a 
single  series  Preorbital  very  narrow,  about  4  eye;  suborbital  hidden  lt,\ 
scales.  Preopercle  narrov%  largely  free,  its  edge  slightly  crenulate;  gill 
rakers  36,  long  and  slender;  head  covered  with  small  scales  except  throat 
and  tip  of  sucmt;  those  on  body  large  aud  ctenoid;  lateral  line  strongly 
curved,  continuous,  extending  downward  along  the  tail,  wanting  on  2  or 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1545 

;;  scales  ouly.  Caudiil  deeply  forked.  Color  deep  stool  blue  ubovo,  Bli;j;htly 
]i,il«r  below  with  a  tinnooforanKe  at  throat.  Pectoral  light  yellow,  diiaky 
at  base;  other  fins  black,  each  with  a  narrow  whitiuh  edge.  West  coast  of 
Mexico.  Throe  specimens  from  (iuadaliipe  Island,  each  6A  inches  long.  A 
l.cautiful  (ish  with  a  symmetrical  outline,  unusual  in  this  family,  {hiritndo, 
II  swallow.) 


.\.iiriiia  /ii»«nrfo,  Jordan  &.  McCJnEOtiu,  new  HpocioH,  Guadalupe  Island. 
('ritti'iulPii  MctlrcKor.) 

621.  CHROMIS,*  Cuvier. 


(Cull.  BicUaid 


(CIIAUFFK-SOLKILS. ) 

chromis,  CuviEU,  Memoirs  du  Mus.  (I'lliat.  Nat.  1815  {chromis). 
Ihliasex,  C^i'ViKU  \-  Vai.encienxes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oIhs.,  v,  495, 1830  {imolatuK}. 
I'lircaria,  Poey,  MemoriaH  Cuba,  ii,  1!>-1, 1800  (imneta   -  iniiltilineatun). 
.1  iirmin,  Cooper,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sol.  1863,  73  {imnctipinnit) . 
ireliastei,  GUni'HER,  corrected  Hpelling. 

Body  oblong  or  ovate,  the  depth  *  to  Ji  the  length  of  the  body  without 
ciiiulal.  Preopercle  entire,  or  nearly  so;  lateral  lino  wanting  on  tail. 
Month  small;  teeth  small,  conical,  in  2  or  more  series,  tlio  outer  series 
enlarged  and  blunt.  Scales  rather  large,  21  to  30  in  a  longitudinal  series; 
suborbital  and  lower  jaw  scaly.  Dorsal  tin  with  12  to  11  spines;  caudal 
more  or  less  forked,  the  lobes  rounded  or  acute.  liranchiostegals  nor- 
mally 5.  Pyloric  cicca  2.  (Jill  rakers  long  and  slender.  Tropical  seas; 
sjiecies  numerous,  varying  considerably  in  form,  perhaps  divisible  into  4 
yonora:  Chromis,  Ilclidnen,  Ayreaia,  and  Fnrcaria.  (xpo/ti'i,  the  ancient 
name  of  some  fish,  probably  a  Scia'uoid,  from  xp^'i'^^^i  to  n«'igh,  from  the 
iKiise  made  by  tho  fish ;  akin  to  the  names  Gruutor,  Croaker,  Drum,  llogfisli, 
ISiirro,  Konco,  Konca<lor.) 

I.  IJoily  obloug,  elliptical,  graceful  in  form,  the  caudal  peduiido  limg,  the  low,  poiuteil, 

soft  dorsal  and  anal  not  re.icliing  caudal;  interorbltal  space  narrow  and  high;  caudal 

deeply  forked,  its  lobes  acute. 

FuRCARiA  (furca,  fork) : 

a.  Dorsal  spines  12 ;  snout  rather  acute. 

b.  Caudal  tin  with  a  broad  libu'k  border  on  each  h)be;  dorsal  blackish,  the  last 

rays  pale.  athilohatls,  1954. 

bb.  Caudal  fin  without  black  border,  pale  or  edjied  with  orange. 

c.  Color  bright  blue,  with  a  violet  spot  on  eacli  scale;  caudal  translucent 

behind.  CYANEUS,  1955. 

cc.  Color  violet  brown ;  a  black  spot  at  base  of  pectoral ;  a  largo  orange 

spot  behind  last  my  of  dorsal;  dark  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales; 

dorsal  and  caudal  edged  with  orange.  multilineatus,  1956. 

Atresia  -.t 

aa.  Dorsal  s]>incs  13;  snout  obtuse. 

rf.  Color  dusky  olive,  the  vertical  tins  and  posterior  part  of  the  body  covered 

Willi  round  dark  spots.  punctu'innis,  1957. 

*  The  name  Vliroiitig,  originally  used  for  the  European  species  of  this  genus,  Ohromis 
rit romis  L ■=  Chromis  eaxtaneus  of  authors,  has  been  improperly  tr.ansferred  by  several 
writeis  to  an  African  genus  of  Cichlidce,  for  which  the  proi)er  niinio  is  Tilapia. 

\  Named  for  Dr.  William  O.  Ayres  (1817-1891),  formerly  of  Itrookhaven,  Long  Island; 
for  many  years  the  ichthyologist  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences ;  an  earnest  student 
of  fishes. 

3030 20 


i!/'''^i 


/^-' 


>7y»;»(q55m!ri7»(5im.ipif 


■T^T^fV' 


mi 


1540  Bullelin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 

II.  JJody  oltloiifc  or  ovat«',  ratUtT diop,  tli«  caudal  pwluncle  Hhort,  tlie  IbhI  ra.VH  i»r  doisiil 
and  nnal  ruacliing  pant  boRA  of  caudal;  caudal  flu  moderately  forked,  iti  luhvH 
lucHtly  rounded ;  dorsal  Hpiutm  13  or  14. 
IIei.iaseh  (qAta^u,  to  f;row  warm  in  the  auu) : 
c.  Dorsal  HpincH  13;  *  interorbital  space t  broad  and  flail isli;  oye  large;  body  deep. 
/.  Caudal  and  otlier  llns  plain  dupky.  insolatI's,  liiaj^. 

ff.  Caudal,  posterior  lialf  of  dorsal  and  anal,  and  wh<du  of  piHJtorals,  deep  yellow  ; 
u  blue  line  on  ouch  side  of  head.  B.NCIIBYSUBUS  ll):>!i 


Subgenus  FURCARIA,  Poey. 
I»54.  <iIltOMIS  ATKILOIUTIIS,  Gill. 

Hoad  fihout  4^  in  total  length;  depth  about  '^\.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  II,  IL'; 
Hcalt's  l-:{2  or  1^3-10,  21  pores.  Houd  longor  than  high,  the  forehead  ami 
Hiiout  above  nearly  rectilinear;  interorbital  area  transversely  arched,  its 
width  e<iualing  diameter  of  »'y*J ;  preopercle  obliqu*',  its  lower  half  scarccl  v 
eniarginate,  its  angh'  rounded;  mouth  small  and  very  oblique;  tcetli 
conic,  curved,  continiions  to  the  angles  of  the  mouth,  larger  in  front, 
a  transverse  row  of  snuiUer  ones  behind.  Origin  of  dorsal  tin  above  bi;s(> 
of  ventrals,  spinous  portion  rather  elevated,  its  last  spines  shorter  tli;iii 
the  prececdiug;  second  anal  spine  as  long  as  the  succeeding  rays,  whicli 
are  nearly  uniform  or  (^ven  slightly  increased  toward  the  last;  the  caudal 
fin  forms  more  than  a  quarter  (.27)  of  the  extreme  length,  its  lohcH, 
especially  the  npper,  prolonged  and  pointed;  pectorals  long  and  Itluntly 
angulated;  lirst  ventral  ray  liliforni  and  equal  to  the  pectorals,  its  bas^ 
behind  that  of  the  i>ectoral8.  Color  olivaceous  (the  type  deej)  green  from 
the  .stain  of  a  copper  tank),  the  dorsal  blackish  except  last  4  or  5  rays, 
which  are  colorless;  a  very  distinct  spot  of  sulphur  yellow  just  behind 
dorsal  fin  extending  obli(|uely  downward  and  forward;  margins  of  cau<l;tl 
above  and  below,  black.  Length  about  \  inches.  (Gill.)  (^ape  San 
Lucas  and  southward;  rare;  2  or  3  specimens  known.  («trr,  black;  lobuhix, 
lobed.) 

Ohromis  {Furearia}  atrilohata,'Ji\].L,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  Phila.  1862, 140,  Cape  St.  Lucas. 

(Coll.  XantiiH.) 
Chromi*  atrilobata,  (Jiix,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  ISOIJ,  220;  JoiiDAN  \  (Jii.bert,  Prm. 

U.  .S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882, 3G0. 

*  In  the  European  subgenus  Chrvmit  there  are  14  dorsal  Hpincs ;  the  head  is  narrow, 
and  the  interorbital  space  high  and  rounded  as  in  Vurcana  and  Ai/regia.  The  caudal 
]ieduncle,  as  in  Jliiiases,  is  shortish,  the  dorsal  an<l  anal  reaching  pa.st  front  of  caudal. 

t  AltliouKb  the  form  of  suborbital  area  iu  IleUasen  srenis  to  be  quite  unlike  that  in  F\n- 
cnria  iind  Ohromis.  the  dill'erence  is  mainly  external.  The  supraocci|iital  crest  is  not 
extended  (ui  the  frontals  in  any  of  them.  It  is  merely  a  little  lower  in  Ilelia.ies,  Avitli  no 
otlier  peculiarities  in  form  or  extension. 

♦Ur.  Uiiuther  has  wrongly  idoutitied  this  species  with  the  ISrazilian  species, 

Chkcmis  makoinatus  (Castelnau). 

The  following  notes  are  taken  on  specimens  of  ('.  marginatus  from  Bahia.  Dorsiil 
spines  12,  rather  low;  scales  3-30-10.  Body  oblong-elliptical,  with  long  caudal  peduncle; 
head  narrow;  interorbital  space  high,  rounded;  gill  rakers  numerous,  long  an»f  slender, 
pectoral  a  little  longer  than  head,  not  'luite  reaching  anal;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  low, 
pointed  behind,  not  reaching  base  of  caudal ;  up]>er  lobe  of  caudal  longest,  the  fins  dce]>ly 
forked.  Color,  bluish  olive,  a  bl.-ick  spot  within  axil  and  on  base  of  i)ectoral;  dorsiil 
bhick,  except  the  last  rays;  each  lobe  of  the  pointed  caiK'al  black,  the  middle  of  the  tin 
pale ;  traces  of  3  lengthwise  stripes  of  yellow  on  the  body.  Close  to  (Jhromis  cyaneus,  but 
without  blue  spota  ou  the  scales. 


Jordan  and  Evit n.attn. — Fishes  of  h^orth  .Innrica.     1547 


lO.'tS.  niltOMIS  CYAXEIIN  (Pouy). 

Popth  3}  in  total  Icu^th  with  caudal;  oyo  '^  in  heiul.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  II, 
IL'.  ProUlc  of  HUont  formed  by  2  equal  curvos;  upper  lobo  of  the  caudal 
loiigei'  than  the  lower;  soft  «lorHal  and  anal  higher  than  In  miiHllineatux ; 
CI ilor  bright  I'ruHsiuu  bliio  with  a  darker  violet  spot  on  each  scale;  back 
jiimI  vertical  fins  darker,  ventral  paler;  posterior  part  of  the  caudal  truus- 
liitont.     Length  120  nun.     Cuba.    (Pooy.)     (f.i/aHCH/*,  ^nxr^eoj,  blue.) 

liifcaria  cyatua,  I'oky,  MeinoritiH,  u,  190,  jd.  14, 11^8.5-8,  IWiO,  Havana. 
tl.  Hasten  cyaneut,  OOntuku,  Cat.,  iv,  04, 1802. 


I»5«.  CIIKOMIS  .MriiTIMNKATlS((iui<lieiiot). 

llc.ul  '.Vi ;  depth  2:i ;  eye  Hi  iu  head.  I).  XII,  11 ;  A.  II,  12;  scales  l-2S-!>. 
I'lOtly  elongate,  both  curvatures  about  oqual,  liciid  .slightly  concave  in 
ficint  of  eye;  eye  low,  a  line  from  tip  of  snout  to  tip  of  opcrcle  passing 
tliiough  lower  edge  of  pupil;  maxillary  slipping  under  preorbital,  its  tip 
1).  low  anterior  nuirgin  of  orbit;  a  l)and  of  villiform  teeth  in  each  Jaw,  iu 
Iront  of  whicii  is  a  single  row  of  conical-pointed  teeth,  the  most  anterior 
liii  nor,  especially  in  lower  .jaw;  no  regular  serra- on  any  of  the  opcrcufar 
boiics,  but  the  procpercle  slightly  rough  at  angle,  opercle  with  a  single 
olituse  point;  snout  ecjual  to  eye;  lateral  line  ceasing  on  front  of  end  of 
dorsal,  with  10  scales;  a  series  of  disconnectetl  pores  along  side  of  tail; 
I'diirtli  dorsal  spine  highest,  2),  in  head;  .soft  dor.sal  pointed,  the  tips  reach^- 
iiiu  base  of  caudal,  longest  ray  1*  in  head;  second  anal  spine  2  in  head, 
(■(|iial  to  soft  rays;  pectoral  eqiuil  to  head;  ventral  slightly  lilamcntousj 
KiH^hing  past  vent,  lMi>  head;  axillary  scale  and  scale  between  the  tins 
long,  attenuate;  caudal  deeply  forked,  the  lobes  pointed  (the  upper  lobe 
is  liroken  otV,  so  that  wo  cannot  toll  whether  the  lobes  are  e<|ual).  Color 
ill  alcohol,  back  dusky,  becoming  ]>aler  with  bluish  on  the  sides,  with 
luiiit  lines  along  side  of  belly,  with  white  below;  donsal  Idack,  the  last 
I  or  .")  rays  white;  middle  rays  of  caudal  white,  outer  rays  dusky;  anal 
slightly  dusky;  pectoral  colorless,  the  axil  black,  the  black  showing  as 
ii  small  blotch  at  upper  base;  ventrals  white;  a  sulphur-yellow  blotch 
across  tail  behintl  dorsal.  West  Indies.  Here  described  from  a  single 
six'cimen  lA  inches  long  (No.  4903  L.  S.  Jr.  Tuiv.  Mas.)  from  Jamaica. 
[miilluin,  numy;  Uneatiin,  lined.) 

Ililiati's  mitltitincatiis,  (Iuiciienot,  Itanion  <lo  la  Saura,  I'oiss.,  Cuba,  76,  pi.  2,  fig.  2,  1855, 

Havana;  in  part;  confii.st'd  with  I\i/j)Iioiiuk  incinor;  (li'i.STnKit,  Cat.,  iv,  04,1802. 
I'liifin-in  piinrta,''  Poky,  Mciiiorias,  u,  105,  1800,  Havana. 
('hioiiiin  multilineatKs,  Jordan  \.  IvinKH,  Vnw.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  1897, 117. 


xir, 

8011, 


l'i(t«y'8  (Ifscription  of  Furcnria  piincta  is  in  siibstance  as  follows : 
II(a(l'4i  in  totallenjitli  with  caudal;  dujtth  more  tliau:!;  eyclijin  head.  15.7;  1). 
II ;  .\.  11,  11  or  12;  scales  ^0-12:  soft  dorsal  liiffli;  second  anal  siiine  as  lonj;  as  the  son, 
liiVM :  tip  of  the  ventral  lilanientoua.  Color  violet  brown ;  base  of  the  jiectoral  with  a  large 
liliirk  spot ;  a  large  orange  .spot  close  behind  Ihe  last  ray  of  the  dorsal ;  each  scale  with  a 
liiown  base  foriiung  even  longitudinal  streaks:  a  whitish  streak  along  the  latt^ral  line; 
iliirsiil  tin  bordered  with  bright  orange;  an  orange  border  to  the  caudal,  rather  faint; 
(illier  litis  growing  yellowish  at  the  tip.  Gill  rakers  very  long;  vertebne  11 -f  15— -20. 
Length  5^  iucheu. 


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1518  Bulletin  ^7,  Unikd  States  National  Museum. 


Subgenus  AYRESIA,  ('uopor. 

I»57.  <'llltUNI8  IMI\<'TII'INNIS  ((J<)o|Hir). 
(I('..A(;khmihi.) 

Head  4;  dopth  If.  1).  XIII,  11;  A.  II,  10;  scalcH  4-2»-10,  18  pur.  . 
Ito«ly  ubloiig,  somewhat  rujrulurly  ollipticiil,  thu  fuiuliil  prtluiiclo  loiii;. 
Head  blunt,  short,  and  dt-up,  tho  profile  abruptly  debcrn<liug  to  the  nudhi. 
Intororbital  space  high  iind  rounded.  Lips  thit'k,  tho  lower  without  I'li  - 
num.  Eye  not  very  large.  Teeth  moderate,  conical,  in  about  2  series, 
the  inner  very  small.  C'heekH,  opercles,  and  top  of  head  scaly.  i>or.s:i| 
si)ineH  stitl'  and  low;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  rather  low,  ]>ointed  behind, 
their  tips  m>t  reacliiug  base  of  (caudal;  caudal  dee])ly  forked;  the  IoImh 
pointed;  pectorals  and  ventrals  long.  Dark  slaty-blackish,  with  violt  t 
luster  above;  some  of  the  scales  with  a  greenish  spot  or  edging;  lins 
bluish-black ;  posterior  part  of  body  with  small  round  brown  spots,  whii  h 
form  more  or  less  regular  series ;  soft  dorsal  and  caudal  densely  spotted. 
Length  9  inches.  Coast  of  California  from  Point  Concepcion  to  Cenos 
Island;  rather  common  in  tho  kelj)  about  rocks;  a  handsome  little  lisli. 
{imnetua,  spot;  pinna,  lin.) 

Ayretia  ptmctipinnis,  Coopku,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  .Scl.  1803,73,  San  Diego  Bay,  San  Pedro, 

Santa  Barbara.    (Coll.  Dr.  J.  (i.  (>'oi)|i«r.) 
Chromix punetii)itmii,  JoMitKS  Jt  OiLUKKT,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Muh.  1881, 5*2;  JoitUAN  \  (.ii. 

BEUT,  Synopais,  Oil,  1883. 

Subgenus  HELIASES,  C'uvior  &  Valoiu^innueH. 

1968.  CIIK0MI8  l.XSOLATl'N  (Cuvicr  &  Yaloucieuiies). 

(Chaukfe-Soleh..) 

Head  3i ;  depth  2.  D.  XIII,  13 ;  A.  II,  12 ;  scales  2^-25-9 ;  pyloric  ca^ca  2. 
Body  short  and  de«'p,  with  short  caudal  peduncle;  caudal  fin  emarginate, 
with  the  lobes  rounded;  second  anal  spine  less  than  2  in  head.  8tei'l 
brown;  a  curved  blue  streak  between  eyes  in  front,  disappearing  Avitli 
age;  many  scales  on  upper  and  anterior  parts  of  body,  each  with  a  bine 
spot;  tins  all  plain,  dusky;  young  with  a  dark  dot  behind  dorsal  tin. 
Length  about  4  inches.  West  Indies  aiul  neighboring  shores,  rather  com- 
mon about  coral  reefs;  rarely  north  to  Pensacola,  in  deep  water.  Here 
described  from  a  specimen  from  the  Snapper  Banks  off  Pensacola;  a  hand- 
some little  fish.  {in$oWu8,  warmed  in  the  suu ;  from  the  name  "  ChauU'e- 
Soleil,"  in  use  in  Martinique.) 

neliane*  ingolatun,  Ci'viEU  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poias.,  v,  494,  pi.  137,  1830,  Mar 

tinique.     (Coll.  rit'^c.) 
ITcliastct  insolattm,  GI:nther,  Cat.,  iv,  01, 1802. 
Chromis  insolatitt,  Jordan  &  Gilbeut,  Proc.  U.  H.  Nut.  Mas.  1882, 285;  Jordan  &  Giliiei>1' 

Synopsis,  012, 1883. 

lUSO.  CHROMIS  ENOHRYKURrS,  Jordan  &  Gilbert. 

Head  3i;  depth  2.  D.  XIII,  12;  A.  II,  12  (D.  XII,  11;  A.  II,  11,  in  one 
specimen) ;  scales  3-26-9.  Body  regularly  ovate-oblong,  the  anterior  pro- 
file evenly  convex ;  the  caudal  peduncle  very  short.     Head  broad  above, 


'^: 


'm-. 


Jordan  aud  pAcrmaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1549 


till'  iiiteror1)ital  Hpart*  llattiHli.  Mouth  Biiiall,  ohliiiiio,  the  Jaws  o(|Uiil,  the 
iii.'ixillary  oxtcndinj;  litthi  past  fniut  of  eyo,  \\\  in  hciid.  Snout  short,  4jt 
ill  lioad;  oyo  very  hirgr,  2\  in  huad,  much  liirjrur  than  in  Chromia  ohromia 
(ir  CliromiH  piinotipinnis.  Prcorhital  entire ;  juoopercih)  with  distinct  ohtuHo 
MrriiturcHorcrenationH.  Toeth  slender,  conical,  in  a  moderate  liantl,  thoso 
III  tiio  outer  Hei'ies  C(msiderably  enlarged,  l>roa<l  and  Idiint.  (iill  rakers 
liiMg,  not  as  long  as  pnpil.  Dorsal  Homcwhat  omarginate,  the  Bpines 
iiiinsnally  high,  tlu;  longoHt  spine  1^  in  head,  the  longest  soft  ray  about  tlu^ 
^Mini;;  caudal  lunate,  not  deeply  forked,  the  lobes  short,  the  upper  lobe 
slii^htly  longer,  about  as  long  as  head;  anal  about  as  high  as  soft  dorsal, 
its  second  spine  Ijl^  in  head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  rather  high,  rounded 
lii'liind,  reaching  past  base  of  caudal ;  ventruls  filamentous  at  tip,  longer 
tlian  head;  ])ectorals  about  as  longaHhea<l;  verti<'al  tins  largely  covered 
with  snuill  scales,  ('olor,  when  fresh,  sooty-gray,  rather  dark,  a  narrow 
Mmo  stripe  from  tip  of  snout  obliquely  upward  and  backward  across  u])per 
|i:irt  of  eyo  to  above  front  of  lateral  line,  where  it  ends  iu  blue  dots;  sides 
|i:iler  ))osteriorly  and  below;  tins  dusky,  the  distal  half  of  anal,  most  of 
soft  dorsal,  and  the  whole  of  caudal  and  pectorals  of  a  very  intense  light 
yellow,  deepest  on  the  caudal;  ventrals  dusky-bluish,  slightly  tinged  with 
yellow;  a  small  black  8])ot  in  upper  part  of  axil.  Length  4  inches. 
Snapper  Hanks  otf  Pensacolii  and  Tampa;  known  from  numer<ms  speci- 
iiiciis  taken  from  stomachs  of  Snappers  and  C»roup»Ms.  {tvx(Jv6oz,  deep 
gulden;  ovpd,  tail.) 

Chi-iiiiits  enchijimiug,  .IniiDAN  it  On.nERT,  Pror.  IT.  S.  Nut.  Mils.  1882,  280,  Pensacola, 
Florida.    (Type,  No.  ;i0871.    Coll.  Jordan.) 


]. ; 


622.  EUPOMACENTRUS,*  Bleeker. 

(PesCADOS  A/.ITLKS.) 

'  I'arapomacentnis,  T>leeker,  Nut.  Verli.  IIoll.  Maats.  AVeten.,  11,  1877,  S5  {pnlynema); 
lowor  ,jnw  scaly ;  Hnoiit  Hcaly ;  Hiiinons  dorsal  w  itii  inciubrano  incited  and  lobed. 

/  Amhhjpotnacentrug,  iii.KKKEU,  I.e.,  OS  (hrevicepg);  Hiioutaiid  lower  Jaw  naked. 

r.iipmnacentrut,  IJi.eekeu,  Nat.  Verli.  Uoll.  Maats.  "Woteii.,  11,  1877,  711  (lividuH)-  Hnoiit 
scaly;  lower  jaw  naked;  lueinbranes  of  spinous  dorsal  not  notched. 

llfafhiipomacenfrui,  ISleekeu,  I.e.,  1877,  73  (albifascintui);  as  above;  membrane  of  spi- 
nous dorsal  deeply  notched. 

i5o(ly  ovate,  deep  and  compressed,  the  profile  steep,  usually  rounded. 
Head  moderate,  nearly  as  deep  as  long,  the  snout  scaly,  the  lower  jaw 
naked.  Mr'vth  quite  small,  terminal,  the  Jaws  equal;  each  Jaw  armed. 
with  ?  ii'"„ie  close-set  series  of  compressed,  immovable  teeth,  which  are 
truncate  at  tip.  Uill  rakers  long;  preoperclo  more  or  less  siTrate;  preor- 
liital  serrate.  Scales  large,  strongly  ctenoid,  the  lateral  lin«'  running 
parallel  with  the  back  to  near  the  end  of  the  dorsal  fln,  at  which  point  it 
liases.     Dorsal  tin  continuous,  with  12  or  IH  low  stout  sjdnes;  n-embrauo 


Tlie  following  is  the  .synonymy  of  the  closely  related  Old  World  melius,  I'omacentrua, 
liAriiPKDE,  which  has,  as' far  as  tnown,  no  .•\.In"eri<^•ln  species;  l'o)iiacentrug,  Lac(;;im>.I)E, 
Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  iv,  508,  1802  (;)«i)()) ;  I'ristotin,  Hi'i'i'ELi,,  Neiic  Wirbelthierc  Fische 
icj/nnnntifima);  I'nevdopomaccntritii,  ItLEEKEU,  Natiirh.  Verb.  Hull.  Mautscb.weten.  1877, 
:t<J  [littumlLs) ;  teeth  acutely  angiilated  at  tip. 


t/ 


-IH 


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irtrA)  liuUdin  /7,  Uiuled  Staks  Nalioiial  Museum, 


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1:       \ 


i    :    -.J 
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iTi    '. 


l;^: 


I 


'■.\ 


ii 


of  Hpiiioiis  (loi-Hiil,  iiHiiiiUy  not  dooply  iiiciHod  uor  lobetl,  tbo  Hoft  part  i(>n> 
or  li-sHel»v)it«Ml,  itH  last  riiyH  ^nuliijilly  Hhortt'iiod ;  lowor  liinbof  proopon  Ii> 
iiHiiully  nioro  or  Iuhh  Hcaly;  proorWital  iiurruw  without  doop  notch;  .uial 
lin  siiiiilar  to  Hoft  dorHal,  with  2  Hpiiu;H,  of  which  the  .".Msoiid  Ih  much  tim 
iarjrcr;  soft  rays  12  to  10;  dorHal  B|)iiuiH  with  a  HJicath  of  largo  HcalcH,  tlio 
incinltrauca  of  both  dornal  and  anal  covered  ImkIi  up  with  Hmall  Hcalcs; 
caudal  fiu  nxtro  or  Icsh  t'orknd,  the  Udx^n  rounded;  lower  idiaryn^cils 
trianjrular;  ItranchiostegalB  5  or  (i.  SpociuH  nuniorouH,  in  tho  tropicil 
8eaH.  Species  chiotly  American,  extremely  variabln  in  forui  and  color,  I  lie 
brilliant  coloration  apparcuMy  do|)und('nt  ou  Hurroundinf^H.  The  Hperii.s 
are  little  known  and  the  ciassitication  of  those  found  in  the  West  Indies 
is,  ill  tlofault  of  material,  largely  guesswork. 

I'^iipomncentrun,  as  understood  by  us,  dilVers  from  I'omacvniruH  <'hiolly  in 
having  but  1  series  of  teeth  in  each  jaw.  In  I'otnareiilriia  an  inner  series 
of  ji  few  teeth  in  present,  raropomticentriis  and  .tmbliipoinareiitrua  dilVer 
from  KiipomaceHtriiH  (Oiielly  in  the  different  scaling  of  the  head.  This  is  a 
Miiuorcharaeter,  and  perhaps  all  It  should  be  united  under  the  oldest  name, 
I'orupomacenlnia. 

The  f(dlowing  analysis  of  species  has  very  little  value.  I'erhups  all  (tin 
Atlantic  species  (omitting  j>/<(«<//'o«n)  are  veducible  to  2, /««<•««  and  Iciiin- 
alUtun,  and  these  2,  if  really  distinct,  (;an  not  always  be  separated  with  cer- 
tainty; lem-orun  nndjlarilati>»  an-  certainly  distinct  from  Jnnrna,  and  thus 
far  w<^  have  found  u'<  HJ'r'.niim  also  distinguishable.  Our  species,  so  faras 
known,  all  belong  to  the  section  I<Jiipoiiui<cnli'iiH,  which  is  regarded  liy 
Itleeker  as  a  genus  distinct  from  I'arapoiiiavenfrita,  being  chielly  distin 
guished  by  the  naked  lower  jaw.  J'erhai)8  the  2  genera  should  be  united; 
but  not  having  seen  specinums  of  I'araiiomncetUrun,  we  hesitate  to  plac  <• 
our  species  in  it,  though  they  evi<lently  should  not  be  left  in  romarentrns. 
(F.V,  genuine;  /'omacew<r««,  which  is  from  ;ra>/<(i,  opercle;  Ht'yrfjoy,  spiiio.) 

a.  Upper  anterior  iirolllii  of  lieiul  arclied. 

h.  Dt'ptli  (if  body  inoilenite,  IJ  to  2,',  in  Icn^tli,  without  eiuulal. 

c.  Lower  jmsterior  liiilCor  body  dark,  like,  tlio  iintcrior  half;  caudal  llii  mostly 
dusky. 
(/.  l'c<;loi,il  fin  witli  a  liroad  white  edjfo.  LEUt'ouus,  ISfiii. 

(Id.  Pe(''(tral  lin  not  ud^ed  with  while. 

e.  ;»epth  of  body  IJ  in  l('ii<;th  of  liody  (without  caudal) ;  sideHwItli 
faint  cross  streaks.  ADUSTUS,  I'.Kil. 

cc.  Depth  of  body  2  to  2^  in  length. 

,/'.  OperchMvithout  dislinct  dark  H]>ot;  caudal  not  tipped  with 
orange. 
//.  Anal  without  distinct  blue  spot  in  its  posterior  axil, 
except  in  younj;. 
/(.  Head  witli  few,  if  any,  HUiall  .accessory  scales. 
i.  ISase  of  |)eetoral  with  one  black  spot. 

Ki'sciT.s.  19(i2. 
ii.  Haso  of  pectoral  with  two  black  s]>ots. 

DIKNCKtlS,  190;i. 
/(/(.  Head   with    very   many   small    accessory  scales, 
especially  on  forche.id  and  front  of  opercle. 

KKCTIFILKNUM,  19tU. 

gg.  Anal  with  n  bluish  spot  at  base  of  last  ray;  lie.td  and 
tins  nnu;h  spotted  with  blue.  ANAUS,  1*JC5. 


Jordan  ami  Ivvennann, — Fishes  of  North  A  merit  a.      1551 


Jf,  ()|H)n^lo  witli  II  iliHliiii'l  dark  Mpnt  iiliovi';  |i<'ctornl  with  n 

<larkH|iot;  tipH  ol'iill  tli<tiliii4<>rikii(;t<.     oroi'iiouix,  11)0*). 

ce.  Lowor  poMtorior  liiill'  of  luxly  unlike  iiiil(>rlor  jiiirt,  ImiiiK  iiioro  tir  IfHx 

nbriiitlly  liriKliI  yt'llnw;  ciiiitlal  tin  liri);lil  y»llow ;  UHiiully  a  liliir  hiioI 

at  l)aM<<  (it'laxt  ray  ol'anul. 

j.  Ro|{ion  liolow  lati'ral  lint>  with  many  Ulmi  spots.      i.Ki'cosTioTiTrt,  lllflT. 

j},  KoKion  lirliiw  laliM'iil  line  \s  Itli  I'cw  liliiit  Mpotn  or  noiit'. 

k.  SUIus  ol'liack  witli  two  roiiud  diiHky  spots  on  t'ucli  shl)'. 

I'LAVIVKNIKU,  11M18. 

kk.  Siilus  of  Itai'k  willioiit  vnnnd  dusky  spots  as  aliuvti;   dorsal,  in 
yoiini;.  with  a  coUHpicuoiiH  ocollns;  colorH  vory  lirilliant. 

FI.AVll.AriS,  lliCU. 

hit.  Dtiptli  of  Imdy  aliout  'i:\  In  htn);tli :  posterior  lialf  of  liody  yrllowisli ;  tinH  willi 

more  or  l((ss  yellowish.  I'AUTrrus,  I'.tTO. 

ail.  Upper  antorior  ]>rotllu  uf  head  straiflit,  not  art^lied;  liody  and  tins  nioHtly  dusky, 

with  pale  spots.  I'I.a.mkuuns,  1U7I. 

Subgenus  EUPOMACENTRUS. 
I»A0.  KriM>.MArK\TltrS   I.KK'tHli  S  ((iilhert). 

Heiid  3Jt;  depth  2.  1).  XII,  1(5;  A.  II,  13;  lateral  line  with  20  poros,  7  to 
!)  crossrows  of  sciilos  iichiixl  its  oiul.  Posterior  iiiiiifriii  of  ]>r«M)p«r(;l<)  iiiiil 
lower  «'tloo  of  suborbital  riiij;  serrulate;  bocoikI  anal  spine  very  stron^j, 
iiieasnreil  from  ba.su  of  sheath  much  higher  th.-in  any  of  the  dorsal  spines, 
,'ind  as  high  as  highest  soft  anal  ray,  its  length  containeil  \\  times  in  Iki.-kI  ; 
margin  of  :inal  rather  bluntly  rounded;  the  soft  dorsal  pointed,  but  not 
much  produced,  the  longest  ray  \\  in  head;  caudal  lunate,  the  lobes  very 
bluntly  rounded,  the  upper  longer  th.in  the  lower;  ventrals  with  the  outer 
ray  jiroduced,  reaching  past  vent;  ])eetorals  broad,  rounded,  Ij  in  he.id. 
interorbital  region  transversely  convex;  anterior  prolile  arched,  a  slight 
(lepressiou  usually  to  be  recogni/ed  on  luipe  and  on  snout.  Head  and 
sides  brown,  darker  on  the  upper  half  of  body  ;  no  blue  spots  or  lines,  and 
no  yellow;  caudal  peduncle  brown  like  rest  of  body;  all  the  fins  Jet- 
black,  the  pectorals  abruptly  margined  behind  with  pure  white.  Numer- 
ous specimens,  \\  to  .'>.}  inches  long,  were  taken  at  Socorro  Islatul,  one  of 
the  Kevillagigedo  group,  otf  the  coast  of  Mexico  by  Gilbert  and  later 
by  McGregor;  a  well-marked  species,  well  separated  from  the  others. 
{Xevuoc,,  white;  o/jog,  margin.) 

I'iimaeenirn*  i»"«ci)i-i(*,  (iu.iiKUT,  Pr  tc.   IJ.  S.  Nut.  Mus.  18iU,  r)54,  Socorro  Island,    ((.'oil. 
AlhatroHit.) 

IftGi.  KlIPOMACENTltrS   ADIKTIIK  (Troschel). 

Depth  2.V  in  total  length  with  caudal ;  eye  3.J  in  head,  c(|ual  to  snout.  1). 
XII,  14;  A.  II,  13;  preorbital  aiul  suborbital  finely  toothed ;  caudal  forked, 
tlie  lower  lobe  shorter.  Brown,  tinged  with  violet,  crossed  by  darker  ver- 
tical lines  formed  by  edges  of  the  scales;  a  black  point  in  the  axil  at  the 
upper  base  of  the  pectoral;  no  dark  scapular  spot,  no  white  spot  at  base 
of  last  anal  ray;  head  and  base  of  anal  with  some  sky-blue  ])oints;  young 
with  ocellus  on  base  of  the  soft  dorsal ;  some  specimens  with  caudal 
yellowish  brown,  as  also  pectoral,  ventral,  and  tip  of  the  anal;  interme 
diate  between  K.  olophonia  and  A',  .nivthiiriia.     Length  3.4  inches.     Cuba 


■■■'I 


'J 


.-'■.,1', . 


I 


4 


1552  Ihilletin  ./7,  UniUd  States  National  Afitscitm. 


(ro<\v;  tloHcriptinii  of  P.  ohnouraliin) ;  n  iloiibtfiil  HporioH,  porliiipM  ilifTurin;; 
I'roiii  !■!.  flint  iiM  ill  t\ni  iiinru  ttluiigatt)  hutly.     (uilnaliiH,  t*vorv\ioi\.) 

I'omaenUriin  adimtun,  'I'Hohciiici.,*  in  .1.  W.  von  Mitllor'H  Ui>iM«ii  in  Mnxicii,  iitG,,6.13,  liiU,'i, 

Mexico. 
I'oiiiacentriin  ohinirntiit,  I'ukv,  l'',niinii<riitio,  I0|,  |H7ri,  Havano. 

ItMl'J.   KirOMUIKNTKIM  Kl  SCI  H  (i  in  In  \   Viiliiiclniiiiw). 

(MAIIIA    Mnl.l.K.) 

IToiKi:^;  tlfpth'J  to 'J]  witlioiit  fuiKlul ;  oyu  :<  in  IicikI;  Hiioiitlt.  D.  Xll, 
\'.\  to  l.'i;  A.  II,  i;{;  Mc.iltw  ',\-'2H  to  ;U)-!».  Mody  roiiipi-rHHiMl,  «lorsul  uiitl  voii 
trill  oiitliiiOH  Hiiiiilar,  prollle  t;uiiv«)\,  inoro  so  bntwoni  tlio  oyuH;  iiiuxillary 
Hciiroi^iy  nMU^iiiii);  vorticnl  from  trout  of  urliit;  poHtorior  iiiar^iii  of  ])r«>o|i- 
tn-v.h^  tiiid  iiilitrior  niai');iiiof  Hiihorliitnl  riii^  MciriilattMl.  (iill  raltoi-H  Hiiiall 
and  weak,  iiboiit  S  on  lower  part  of  autorior  anli ;  tips  of  purtoraln  Hcarccl\ 
roacliiii^  tlio  v«ait;  vuutralH  roauhiii);  to  or  Hiiglitly  luist  vuiit;  lioad  willi 
very  low,  if  miy,  Hiiiall  accoHHory  Hcalus.  Older  u\aiii]dcH  (  U  incIioH)  lia\(> 
shorter  vcntriilrt,  inoro  proiiiiiieiit  NorratioiiH  on  ]>i'oo(i(!rr]o,  a  tlet^por  Itody 
and  li^litttr  and  inoro  iiniforni  color  tliaii  Hinaller  Hpoc.iinriis  (;{  iinliuH  in 
lougtli).  Color  dark  brown  to  noarly  black,  «Mlji;es  of  Hcalcs  darker,  forni- 
in>;  narrow  v«<rtical  croHsbars  inoio  diHtinot  in  Hinaller  KpeciinenH  (;i  inclicH 
in  length);  Hiih  all  dark  brown  to  black,  a  black  axilluryKpot,  afewoliHcur" 
white  dotH  on  bead  and  abunt  bauo  of  unal;  no  white  npot  on  hiHfc  an.ii 
rayH.  Very  yoniijr  with  an  ocelliiH  on  doiMal  tin,  and  a  dark  Hpot  on  caiidiil 
Itednndo  behind  Hoft  dot-sal.  In  nono  of  our  HpeciiiieiiH  is  the  caudal  yel- 
low. West  Indies  and  coant  of  Brazil;  north  to  Key  West,  about  coral 
roofs;  coiniiioii  aud  variable;  the  Hpeciineus  above  described  from  Itahia. 
A  specimen  from  Key  West  has  more  blue  spots.  It  hcciiis  to  correspctnd 
to  PomuecntvHH  atrocjianeiis,  which  species  wo  can  not  separate  from  liiipo- 
maveiiti'KH  fuavHH.     {J'hscuh,  dusky.) 

J'oniaeeiitrui  fuKCUi,  CuviKii  it  Vai.enciknnkh,  Flist.  Nnt.  Poins.,  v,  4:t2,  18:iO,  Brazil  (<'oll. 

Uolaliimlo) ;  UOntmku,  Cnl..  iv,  :n,  1H02;  -Ioiidan,  I'roc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mhh.  1890,  DU'lt. 
I'omacentru*  varUihUix,  (Ja.^I'KI.nau,  Ai'lni.  Xoiiv.  ou  Kiirivs,  PoisM.,  0,  pi.  3,  fly.  3, 1855,  Bahia 

(Coll.  Ca.stidnau) ;  tisiiro  dliowintr  ;au(lal  broTfLiii-yolliiw. 
Poniaccntnis  atruc!ianeus,\  Poey,  Muiuorius,  ii,  lUO,  1800,  Havana.    (Coll.  Poey.) 


1««».  ElP0.MArKXT«r8   lUENC.KrS,  Jonlan  &  Kntt^^r. 

Head  3-1;  depth  2;  eye  3^  in  head;  D.  XII,  15;  A.  II,  13;  scales  1-28-0. 
l?ody  elliptical,  the  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  about  equally  curved; 
snout  short,  not  projectino;;    maxillary  reachinj;  vortical  from  anterior 


*  Tlio  following  in  tlio  substance  ol"  llio  oriirinal  iloscriptionof  tliis  s]>(>rlc8;  l)oi»tli  2J  in 
total  with  caudal  (about  IJ  without).  1).  Xll,  15:  A.  II,  i;i;  P.  lit.  Intciorbital  liiiK  con 
vex;  upper  prollle  of  head  arched;  Huliorbital  rin^',  oxeeptiiif;  the  lir«t  bolu^  dentate; 
ventral  nnxlueed,  its  tilainontous  ray  not  reaehin>r  the  anal;  caudal  einarKiuatt!  with 
rouniled  lobes.  Color  brown,  with  vertical  bars  extending  downward  and  somewhat  tor 
ward,  correspondiiiit  to  the  ed"jin;;s  of  the  scales;  tins  all  brown  ;  tlie  pectoral  blaekisli; 
a  few  faint  ]iale  spots  ou  the  suborbital  ring,  and  on  the  dorsal  and  anal  tins;  u  black 
spot  on  b.icli  of  tail  and  one  in  axil  of  itectoral.    Coast  of  Mexico.     (Trosehel.) 

\  Pomacetitrim  atroryaneuii,Vovy.  Form  rather  more  slender  than  in  I'oiiiitcfntriis  old- 
phorun,  its  heights  in  total  length,  the  head  4.i;  eye  ll.J  in  head;  maxillary  reaching  front 
of  the  eye  J  blacki.sh  bliu\  with  inauv  Idue  spots  uelow  the  eye  and  on  the  clieoks,  and 
HOinetinu^son  the  back;  iipptir  lobe  of  the  caudal  a  little  yellowish  ;  a  large,  black  jtoint  at 
the  base  of  the  pectoral  above.    Length  UIU  nun.    Cuba(P°oey).    (aCcr,  black;  Kvai'eot,  blue). 


fit 


mi; 


Jordan  and  /Cvtnnann. — Fisfus  of  North  America,      155.'$ 


iiiiirK*i>  "'* *'!'''!' !  <<>)' )tlH<')><I  iiImivo  |ii'<-iiiaxi1lArv  ;  HiilMH-liittil  willi  1  row 
III  HtiilOH,  liinlv  Hfi'i'iilr  iM'hiiiil  iiiitlilln  of  rye;  t  I'oWH  of  H«'ulrs  oil 
ilit'ok;  |ii'(top<'rcl«)  llnuly  Hcrriilt-  mi  ii|t|H>r  litiilt,  Mii>  H4Tni<  Himicwliut 
In^crat  iiii^li-,  a  lew  on  lowi^r  limit  iicnr  iiii^r|i>;  opi'itlc  with  2  ohtiise 
|)iiititN;  liituriil  line  D'nsin^  iiii<lnr  thinl  to  lU'tli  I'.iy  of  ^4o^t  iloistil,  with 
17  lo  1!>Nnii)>N;  iiitirKiiis  of  H|iiii<iiis  iloiHtil  iiriiilv  hori/ontal  lifliiml  thinl 
-jiiiKS  th«  litHt  iiiMl  hifjhi'Nt  Hpiiio  liriii^  1')  in  hrii<l;  Kol't  ilorsal  H4inH>\vhut> 
lii;r||or,  poiiiti'tl,  till-  oijLihthaml  hifflicHt  ray  t,'.  in  hrail;  anal  similar  to  Nol't 
iliirsal,  itH  lii);;h«>Ht  ray  1,{  in  liuitd;  tip  of  hoII  iloiHal  rxtonilinj;  lM>yon)l 
that  of  anal,  nlinoHt  to  mitltllc  l«>u^th  of  niutlal;  cantlal  forkt-d,  tho  IoIm-h 
iiiiintlnl,  tho  npp«n' a  little  lon^rr  than  ht'iul,  ,',  lont;<>r  than  low*^',  niidillo 
iiiNsot'lIn  \\  in  lon^rst;  vcntrals  Hlj^htly  lilaniiiitons,  t-xlundinK  li*>yon<l 
origin  of  anal,  slightly  longi  r  than  thi'  iippor  ranilul  1oIm>;  h-iiNt  tlnptii  of 
ranilal  ptMlnnch*  ){r«>att>i'  than  itH  ItMi^th,  2,';  inhfatl;  a  row  of  Hrahm  on 
tin'  inrnihianr  of  <>v«M'y  I'n.v  in  tin^  vntic-al  llns,  thosr  on  HpinouH  tlornal 
l:U';;or  and  rxtciulin^  nearly  to  margin,  thoHO  on  soft  portionn  (d' vrrtical 
I'liiK  snialltM'  (tlio  rayH  lirin;;  rlosr  to^tdhfr)  and  rxteiidiuf;  alxnit  halfway 
III  niar<j;ins;  axillary  scale  <d'  ventral  not  iiinuh  develojttitl.  Nearly  nnil'oiin 
ilii»4l\y,  the  tipK  of  tho  scales  lighter,  thuH  forming  more  or  less  distinct 
Mitical  streaks  id'  liK;ht  and  dark;  tins  nniforndy  Idack  ;  a  dark  i4pot  at 
iip))er  haHu  of  pectoral  and  another  at  lower ;  opende  darker  than  snrronnd- 
iiiy  parts;  a  few  very  faint  lijj;ht  |)oints  Itelow  eye.  Tho  specimens  here 
ihscrilted  have  l»een  compared  with  spei-imens  of  l'jiii>omaor)itrtiM  Ihuciih  of 
similar  si/.e,  from  Alhrolhos  Islands,  lira/.i),  to  which  speiiei.  they  artt 
laost  closely  related.  On i' specimens  have  the  candal  more  deeply  forked, 
ilie  dorsal  and  anal  higher,  tlu>  vertical  llns  Ichs  densely  scaled,  th««  axil- 
lary scale  shorter,  nnnh  lon;;er  ventrals,  the  candal  and  pcctoralu  not 
li;r)iter  than  (dhcr  tins,  and  two  dark  brown  spotH  at  haso  of  jtectoral  and 
tli((  axil  entirely  hlack.  damaica;  types,  2  specimens,  I  inches  long,  No. 
I!U>!»  L.  S. .Fr.  Univ.  Mns.     (iii'i,  two;  AW'«<r/'(*?,  hranded.) 

i:iil)ninai'intriiitHfncifiis,,Jo\ti>AS  iSi.livrrKU,  I'loc.  A«.  Nnt.  Sci.  I'liilii.  1897,  1 1(1,  Jamaica. 

(Coll.  RolllTlH.) 

1004.  KirOMAt'EMKI  S  ItKt 'TIFIt.KMrM  (<;ill). 
(I'KBf'Ano  Azi:i..) 

Head  3J;  depth  2;  D.  XII,  13;  A.  II,  13;  scales  3-28-9;  eye  4! ;  snc  ut  2i? ; 
dorsal  lobe  1;^;  npper  caudal  lobe  li]  ventrals  IJ;  pectorals  II  Preor- 
hital  and  preopeivde  strongly  serrate.  Teeth  lirm,  llattencd,  not  notched, 
('aiidal  Innate,  the  upper  lobe  the  longer;  dorsal  and  anal  rounded  in 
tho  adult,  angular  in  the  young;  ventrals  tilaniontou.s,  reaching  front  of 
anal;  poctor.al  reaching  vent.  (Jill  rakers  short,  slonder,  weak,  unnier- 
(iMs,  altout  10  on  the  lower  limb;  scales  on  head  with  nninerous  small 
accessory  scales  wedged  in  between  the  others,  «'8pecially  on  top  of  head 
and  on  ojusrcle. 

"The  color  in  extreme  youth,  as  represented  in  a  sjiecinien  8  lines 
long,  is  reddish  brown,  with  blue  lines  oblicpiely  crossing  each  scale,  and 
forming  as  many  subvcrtical,  scarcely  interrupted  blue  lines  crossing  the 
body  as  there  are  rows  of  scah-s.     On  tho  back  and  lower  part  of  the 


■t- 


'A=;lf^ 


.k 


\nn\ 


linllctin  /7,  I  'nilt'd  Stati's  Xational  Miisrum, 


lit 


?!' 


aiit«*rior  Hoft  ilorNul  Ih  u  liirm<«  nci'lliiN,  iiiitl  Ix-liiml  tlio  llii  Ih  ii  Hnmllrr  niic. 
'I'lio  liitiiil  iiliovit  liiiK  ,'  voiy  (liMtiiift,  liliin  liiK'H  coiitiiiiicil  rniiii  i\w  Hiiimt 
over  nitch  I'y**,  whon*  tlioy  aro  inoHt  tliHtaiif,  iiihI  ii^aiii  approxiiiiatiii){  ami 
«-(iiitiiiii<*«l,  I  oil  itat'li  HJilo  ol'  tint  l>aH<«  of  tlio  ilorNal  liii,  hut,  iiinlfr  tlir 
till  lulliur  lirokt'ii  into  ii  liiii>ai-  lew  of  HpotM;  jiiiotliitr  liii**  (U'oHnrH  tint  t<yc 
hall  tiliovf,  ami  hfliiiHl  lli)<  ii|)|m'I'  an);lo  of  tlir  orhit  in  u  lino  wliiili  in 
rontiiiiUMl  to  till)  row  of  NcaloH  ahovo  tho  latoial  lino;  a  har  <'|-ohn«>h  tlu' 
pn-orliitiil ;  a  llm>  niiiH  iiion^  tlio  Hiihorhital  chain;  anotlnti'  lino  ostcmls 
hiM'kwanl  IVoin  tin-  ronicr  of  the  inoiitli,  ami  nnilcr  Mio  Hiiitorhitiil  om  , 
iind  a  hino  lino  t'olotH  tlio  iippor  lip.  On  oacli  ctf  tlio  opoicnlar  Nrah'H  Ih  a 
hliiiNli  bloti'li.  'I'ho  iloi'Mal  iiiitl  anal  tins  aio  Hpottod  with  hliii>,  a  Npoi 
oviHtin^  on  <-arh  Hrair,  and  a  hhm  bur  ci-omnus  t.ho  Iuihi-  of  tlir  hiHt  anal 
layH.  Tlio  oaiidal  Ih  lirowniHli,  iih  aro  also  tlio  prrtoralM.  Tlio  vintiaJN 
dark,  and  tho  Hpiiio  oiitNido  hliiisli,  liko  tlio  front  of  tho  anal. 

"  TlioHU  <'<dorH  aro  rctainod  until  tho  lish  has  attainrd  a  ioii^th  of  mori' 
than  '2  imdios,  tho  chiof  than^^o  hciiiK  oliortod  iiy  llio  slightly  {rrrator  iHola 
tioti  of  tho  HpotH  on  tho  rowH  ahovo  tlio  latoral  lino,  ho  aH  to  hrcak  tlirir 
rontiniiity  an  lint>H;  ami  oHpocially  in  tho  fading;;  away  of  tin-  hliic  iIiih 
and  oi-t'lliiH  of  tiio  doiHal,  which  has  then  hcctniic  vory  fiiiiit  and  iu  tlu> 
IliHt  todlNappcar.  rinaliy,  in  the  vory  a^cd  individiialH,  iiioro  thanit  iiiclns 
loiif;,  tho  color  of  tho  body  und  Hcaly  |iortioii  of  tho  tiiiHhaH  hocoino  alniost 
a  nniforni  browniHh  chcHtnnt,  anil  vory  itidlHtincI  traccHof  tho  Much  on  tlic 
iippor  snrfaco  and  HJdus  of  the  head  arc  peri'cptilde.  The  nuked  porliunN 
of  tho  dorHal  and  anal,  as  well  as  tho  vontral  Iiiih,  aro  very  <lark,  and  the 
pectoralH  yellowish.  Tin'  ]U'olihi  is  alHi»  appaiontly  Hteopor  and  nion 
coiivox,  and  the  body  iiion-  obese. 

"This  NpocicH  iindor<;ocH  ^roat  change  with  np',  and  on  two  siiitoH  ol 
HpociinenH  two  noiiiinal  species  wore  formerly  based,  the  author  having; 
boeti  decoivcd  by  the  comparatively  loiifr  rotontion  of  the  colois  of  tin 
yoiiii^  in  Hoveral  individiialH,  and  the  oarly  assumption  of  tho  adult  Htatc 
by  others. 

"  In  HtiKlying  the  developniont  of  this  species,  I  liavo  had  before  mo  nol 
loHH  than  '^'2  individuals,  exhibiting  every  gradatimi  from  the  specinien  h 
lines  long  to  1  nearly  \\\  inches  long."     (Ciill.) 

Our  Hpeciniens  confirm  this  excellent  account.  On  comparison  of  tluN 
species  with  E./nxviis,  the  only  constant  dilVerence  wo  note  is  that  of  the 
increasitd  number  of  Hinall  accessory  HcaloH  about  tin;  head,  and  tho  sonie 
what  broader  preorbital  of  Knitomavenlritx  reili/rdniiin.  Length  (t  inches. 
Cape  San  Lucas  to  Panama;  abundant  in  rock  pools;  a  beautiful  little 
lisli.     {rectKH,  straight;  frwuiim,  bridle.) 

I'oiiiacvntruH  nrti/rivninti,  (Jil.i-,  I'loi.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Plill.i.  isn2,  U8,  Cape  San  Lucas 
(Coll.  Xantus);  (iCNTHFii,  Cat.,  IV,  i!0,  1802;  (iil.i,,  Pro.',  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  Philn.  1H03,  lil.'^i; 
.loKDAN  \  Cii.MKKT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  M118.  1882,  3(1."),  ;i77. 

I'omacentniK  analiijutta,  (JCntiieb,  Cat.,  iv,  27, 18()2,  Cape  San  Lucas.    (Coll.  Xautuu.) 


1»66.  KI^POMACK.XTKIS  A.NAMS  (Pooy). 

HeadSJt;  depth  2  (2.^  in  total).  D.  XII,  14;  A.  II,  12;  scales  3-28-10. 
Kody  rather  deep,  the  anterior  pndilo  much  conve.K;  interorbital  space 
strongly  convex;  eye  longer  than  snout,  3.1  in  head.     Preorbital  and  pre- 


m- 


JoKfnn  ami  /\i'trnin>in.      /'islits  of  Xortfi  .hmrnv.      IrtAr* 

oponln  hIiiii  ply  HcniktM.  ('niiiliil  vm'II  forKoil,  the  iippor  IoImWIio  loiif^or, 
«*Hpi-ciiilly  in  iihiIuh.  I.itwt'i-  liiiili  ofpi-citprrflo  Hcaly.  II<mi<I  oxcopt  Niioitt 
Mcitly.  Sooty  Itliin-ltlurk  in  lit'o,  not  piilor  ImUow  ;  oinli  hciiIo  of  Ituck  anil 
MiilrH  witli  iin  infonMpiriiouH  l)i-on/«-ulivr  Hpot ;  ii  faint  pnUu'  Inintl  uiountl 
raiitial  piMhnx'lo;  Ih'ikI  witli  Hintill  HpotH  of  hK.n  lilu<>,  tlioHr  Iti'foro  «\vo 
iiMiiM);:  iriH  hlnoaiMl  K'lt !  HpinonHtlormil  with  hln<^  iin<l  with  liron/oHpotH; 
soft  ilorHiil  witli  lino  III  no  (tointH;  «l<M'Hnl  with  ii  siilinnir^initl  hanil  of  piili-i  ; 
lliis  hand  on  HpinoiiH  tlorsul  fornii'tl  of  L' oitlii|nt«  v<<llo\>iHli  HtripcH  with 
a  IiIuImIi  Htripi'  hrtwrrn  thcni;  cantliil  hla<l\,  paler  at  tip,  itH  hano  with 
hliiK  HptitH;  anal  liliick,  with  liino  pointH  at  ItaHr;  a  whitiNh  Hpot  ni  itUHc  of 
i;iNt  my;  a  conHpicnoiM  bhick  Hpot  at  hiiHO  of  npp«M'  portoral  I'.iyH;  no 
hiark  hlotch  on  hack  of  tail.  I.fni;;!!)  I  inchon.  Ilrro  <lo.si  rihi'd  from 
Hpt'ciniunH  fnnn  K(>y  Wont;  th»  npoiMi-H  purhapH  not  dintinct  from  I'Uijtoma- 
iiiilniit  leitioHliitiiH,     (aiiitliH,  from  th«>  palo  tiiitil  Hpot.) 

I'limai'i'niriin  aiiali$,'    I'oi:v,  Syno|mlH,  :127,   IH<i7,  Havana. 

I'liinaei'iilriiii  ohnfiniilnn.  AiinitAN,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Miih.  IHH4,  i:i:i,   in  |iitrt;  iUtH('i'i|ilion  iil' 
■iialrH  I'riiiii  Ko\  Wi'hI  ;  not  of  I'oky. 

iimti.  Kirpo.iiAt  KNTKi  s  tm»rii<»itrs  (!>.>pv). 

llrad.'U  (i  in  total);  doptli  ahont  2  (2)i  in  total).  I>.  MI,  II;  .\.  [I,  IJ; 
Hcali'H  :{-27-!l.  N'ortfhrato  1 1  4- '■'•  -*••  I'rolilo  oval ;  tint  lino  of  thti  foro- 
h)>a<l  Htt'ttp;  Hnont  Hlnnt ;  niaxilhiry  r*-aoIiiii^  halfway  to  th*M>yo;  Hnhorhit.il 
and  |iroopi'rnlo  Hc.rriitvd  ;  (Mndal  Innato,  tint  np])n'  lolto  tho  longor;  jirotoinl 
ronn<l<>4l.  (Ndor  hrown;  all  i\w  hoad,  except  tho  njtnrcht,  IdackiMh,  iih  well 
as  all  tho  finn,  of  which  tho  ]>ointH  aio  oran^o;  a  hlacU  H])ot  on  tlni  trnnk 
of  tlio  poi'toral,  anotlntp  on  the  optMclu  ahove.  litMi^tli  .'i|  inchoH.  ('nha 
(P<)«y.)  Not  seen  l»y  ns.  (or?,  oar;  vW^j/'ro,  to  boar;  from  the  dark  npot 
on  tho  oporclo. ) 

I'lniiacfntnis  iiloiilmriis,  I'ukv,  McnioriaH,  n,  IHH,  1X00,  Havana. 


I»«7.  Kl  IMmU  KNTKI  S  l.i:i  rOSTK  Tl  S  (Miillcr  \  Tn.schcl). 

(IlKAr  (iltKdOUV;   (JnCKKYR  I'n.OT;    lil.ACK    IMl.OT.) 

IleadSi^;  doptbl'l.  I).  XII,  i:Uo  1.".;  A.II,12toll;  scales :J-29-!».  Mody 
I'oniprossod,  dorsal  and  ventral  nutlinos  similar,  protilo  convex,  convexity 
more  iH'oniinont  in  interoriiitalspaco;  month  moderate,  maxillary  8(;arcely 
reachinjf  vertical  from  front  of  orbit;  diameter  of  eye  IJ^  in  head,  {greater 
tlian  tho  lonfjth  of  the  wnont;  pnioperclo  serrate  ;  Hnborbit.il  rinj;  denticu- 
late in  adults  (:U  ini'hes),  HUiooth  in  tho  yonny.  Color  in  life,  dark  (dive- 
itrown  anteriorly,  clear  yellow,  with  ]»early  rellectiouH  on  Hides  ami  below ; 
tint  caiulal  peduncle  and  tin  rich  golden  yellow;  head  olive  ab(»ve,  golden 
iiolow,  the  colorn  chiino'ing  inseuHibly  ;  head  with  numerous  B]>ots  of  dark 

'  I'ojiafentnit  nnalit.  PoEV.  Dojttli  2i|  in  total  Icngtli ;  eyo  23  in  lu-ad,  u«  long  iiHHnout; 
lower  opcrcnlnr  xpintt  very  tllHtincI :  ]>i't!i>|HTclc  :ui(l  Hiil>orliital  tootlicd.  (yolor  dark  brown 
witli  liliic  (loints  on  tlio  Hidrn  of  tlio  lutatl,  homki  alonj;  tlic  trnn)<  and  many  alon;;  tlie 
iii(<dinn  vertical  fins;  ti|>  of  tlii^  dorsal  mid  whole  of  tho  caudal  lirowniHli  ytdlow ;  anal 
ItlaekiHli :  tlio  other  tins  waslutd  with  diiHky  :  a  liriKliI  point  at  the  liaae  of  the  annl  ray  ; 
voniiK  with  a  Mack  ocelhiH  liordered  with  Hky  hliie  aloii;;  the  Hoft  dorsal;  older  indivi'd- 
iiaiH  with  2  lilne  lilieH  lietwueii  the  eycH.     Havana.    (I'oey.) 


i! 


I  . 


I  ^  ■ ' ' 


f'f 


I 


;-^t 


^1 

1: 


W^ 


1550         Bulletin  ^.j.  United  States  National  Museum. 


blue,  closer  set  above;  tliose  before  eye  and  on  Rnout  oblon>y,  Btri])e-1ik*;; 
these  spots  ap])eiir  bla<-k  in  life,  but  in  spi'itM  thoy  become  intense  sky- 
blno,  and  ultimately  fade  to  whitish;  each  scale  of  back  above  lateral  line, 
anteriorly  with  a  vertically  oblonj;  stripe  of  dark  blue;  behind  and  below 
tlioso,  many  scales  have  each  a  round  point  of  deep  violet;  one  row  of 
these  on  upper  edge  of  caudal  peduncle  on  each  side,  and  three  partial 
series  )»elow  lateral  line ;  dorsal  biuish-black,  each  acale  with  a  blue  point ; 
last  rays  of  soft  dorsal  yellow;  a  black  point  at  base  of  last  ray;  a  larj^i 
blackish  blotch  on  middle  of  (irst  soft  rays  in  the  youn^;  spinous  dorsiil 
with  a  marginal  pale  band  made  of  2  narrow  stri])e8  of  blnlc^b,  and  2  of 
dull  orange;  anal  g<dden  yellow,  its  edge  dusky,  traces  of  a  pale  spot  at 
base  of  last  ray;  pectoral  yellow,  a  conspicuous  blue  spot  at  base  above- 
ventrals  yellow,  tinged  with  bluish;  a  bla<"kish  Idotch  on  middle  of  ba 
of  lower  jaw.  About  iOcks  and  reela  in  clear,  rather  deep  water;  not 
rare.  West  Indies  north  to  the  Snapper  Hanks  of  wesf  Florida;  common ; 
a  handsome  fish,  apparently  distinct  from  E.  fuacits,  but  not  always  easily 
distinguished. 

A  specimen  in  good  condition  from  I'ensacola  is  thus  described  (under 
the  name  I'omavvntvns  vandaliH):  Head  3^;  depth  2}^,.  D.  XII,  14;  A.  II, 
13;  scales  4-29-9.  Form  obloug-ovato;  the  anterior  profile  moderately 
convex.  Preorbital  and  preopercle  well  serrated.  Te»!th  moderate,  entire. 
Solt  parts  ot  dorsal  and  anal  rather  high.  Upper  ])arts  dusky ;  the  greater 
part  of  each  scale  of  a  light  grayish-blue;  lower  ])art8  bright  yellow,  with 
scmie  blue  spots  on  the  scales ;  top  and  sides  of  head  similarly  marked  with 
bluish  8|)ot3  on  the  scales;  a  Jet-black,  ink-like  spot,  ocellated  with  blue 
on  the  back  of  the  tail ;  dorsal  lin  cidored  like  the  back ;  the  posterior  soft 
rays  abruptly  yellow;  caudal  lin  bright  yellow,  lower  fins  chu'ily  yellow. 

We  have  also  the  following  notes  on  a  specimen  from  Mahia,  also  called 
"nainlalis;''  it  is  very  slightly  more  elongate  than  E.  fnscun.  Its  colora- 
tion is  largely  yellow,  the  fins  not  black;  blue  points  on  head,  base  of 
caudal  and  anal;  axil  dark;  a  black  blotch  on  dorsal  and  1  on  back  of 
ciindal  peduncle  larger  than  in  the  young  offiiacua  and  less  ocellate.  The 
forehead  is  less  docurvcd,  and  tlnvo  is  a  white  dot  at  base  of  last  anal  ray. 
Perhaps  candalis  {^zleitcoaikiiis)  also  is  one  of  the  protean  forms  assumed 
hy  fuaciia,  and  it  may  be  that  7'o»J«tt'entrM8|)i<!/Msof  Castelnau,  brown,  with 
the  caudal  mostly  yellow,  is  one  of  the  forms  of  the  same  fish. 

{XsvHoi;,  whit(!;  gr/wrci?,  spotted.) 

J'omacentnis  leuostictus*  AFOller  &.  TROScnEL,  in  Schomburgk's  Exc.  Barbados,  674, 
J818,  Barbados;  CiJNTiiKR,  (.'at.,  IV,  Itl,  1862;  JouDAN  &  Gn,nERT,  Synopsis,  610,  1883; 
JounAN,  Troc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884,  133;  Jordan  &.  Boi.lman,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Miia. 
1888,  r>',>2. 


'"' I'omaeentnis  leucoHtiutiit,  Midi,  et  Tr.  nov.  spec.  D.  12-15;  A.  2-13.  Black  Pilot, 
iieau  Grejjory. 

"This  ;-ip«cios  agrees  with  P. /uncus  of  Cuvior  et  Valenciennes;  it  distiugiiislies  itself, 
however,  by  numerous  white  dots,  wliicli  are  especiidly  .ihundaut  beneath  tlie  dorsal  aud 
above  the  anal  lin,  where  on.i  is  place«l  on  each  scale.''    (Miiiler  &  Troschel.) 

In  tlie  younger  individuals  tlie  white  dots  are  mud.  nioie  distinct,  and  this  may  have 
indiu'ed  the  tishermen  to  g've  them  the  name  of  Beau  Gregory;  the  full-grown  speeiuieii 
is  calleil  Black  Pilot. 


Mi- 


Jordan  and  livcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  A  mo  ha.      1557 


I'omacentnii  eatidalig,*  I'oEY,  Synopsia,  328,  1867,  Havana,  yoiiiiH;  Joudan  &,  Swain, 

I'roc.  V.  S,  Nnt.  Mus.  1884,  545;  Jordan,  Pmc.  T .  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1K90,  325. 
l'iiiiiacc>itrtiHxanthiiniii,WoEY,  MomoriaH,  ii,  190,  1860,  Havana. 
rvinacentrninlortcpumcans,\  1'oby,  SyuopHis,  328,  1867,  Havana. 

lOttH.  KUPOHAt'KNTUUS  FLAVIVK.>TKU  (Tioscliol). 

Depth  2J  ill  total  Jt'Ugtb  witli  ciuulal  (about  2i  without).  1).  XII,  Ifi;  A. 
II,  i;{;  P.  20.  lutei'orhital  ajiaco  convex,  the  upper  prolihs  rurved;  only 
poHteiior  part  of  Huhorhital  ring  deutati';  vuntrals  long,  the  liliiiiientuiis 
t  ip8  reaching  tip  of  first  anal  spimj.  Color  ahove  brown,  ]>iiHBing  into  ytil- 
lowish  below;  bluish  white  dots  only  on  the  head  :il>ove  and  on  dorsal; 
points  of  dorsal,  pectoral,  ventral,  anal,  and  caudal  yellow;  side  lielow 
lateral  line  with  some  20  Htraight  dark  streaks,  corresjiouding  to  the  edgi's 
i.f  the  scales  as  iu  L,  fuaeii 8]  no  white  points  below  lateral  lino;  a  faint 
round  dark  spot  just  below  lateral  line  under  si^veuth  and  eighth  dorsal 
spines;  a  similar  one  under  base  of  first  3  soft  rays  of  tlorsal;  a  distinct 
black  spot  on  ba<'k  of  tail.  Atlantic  coast  of  Mexico.  Length  2^  inches. 
(Troschel.)  Probably  i<leutical  with /'>'.  /mscws.  {Jlanta,  yellow;  venter, 
belly.) 

romacentru*  jiaidventer,  Tuoschkl,  in  J.  W.  von  Aliill(!r'»  Ueiacii  in  Mexico,  etc.,  633, 
1865,  Atlantic  Ocean. 


F--., 


19C9.  EUPOMAOKXTRUS  KLAVILATUS  (Gill). 

(PESCADO  AzUL  1)10  UOS  COLORKH.) 

Head  3:^;  depth  2.  D.  XII,  15;  A.  II,  13;  scales  29;  eye  in  head  3A ; 
pectoral  in  head  1^ ;  ventral  in  head  1 ;  longest  dorsal  spine  2 ;  second  anal 
spine  2.  Body  deep,  robust;  anterior  protil0  more  or  less  convex  and 
broad;  general  appearance  of  A',  rectlfnvnum  from  which  this  seems  to 
differ  only  in  color.  No  blue  spots  even  in  specimens  3  to  5  inches  long; 
posterior  part  of  body,  especially  pectoral  and  caudal,  light  yellow;  rest 
of  body  paler  than  in  rvctifrainum  but  color  variable;  veutrals  black; 
dorsal  and  anal  dusky,  more  or  less  p.ale  posteriorly;  pectoral  with  a 
very  distinct  black  spot  at  base  of  upper  rays.  E.  riftifrainiim  has  the 
tail  and.  caudal  as  dark  as  other  fins,  which  is  not  the  case  in  Jkivilatnf 
Here  described  from  numerous  specimens  from  Socorro  Island,  2  frOi. 
Clarion  Island,  and  1  from  San  Henidicto  Island,  the  largest  about  5 
inches  long.     This  is  jirobably  the  adult  of  the  species  of  which  the  very 


"  Pomaeentrut  caudalit,  POEV.  Dark  brown ;  (.-auiliil  ami  posterior  half  of  dorsal  anil 
anal  brownish  yellow ;  sky-blue  spots  on  side.s  of  head  and  fror.t  of  body ;  ociiiur  s|)(>t  on 
(lorsal  surrounded  with  sky-blue;  a  Hitnilar  ocellus  on  l>ack  <f  caudal  which  distinguishes 
it  from  analig.    Length  2  inches.    Havana.    (Poey.) 

t  I'oinacentrus  xaiithurtig,  Poey.  Form  of  P.  otophorus,  the  profile  of  the  head  less 
rouniled;  maxillary  reaching  in  front  of  the  eye,  which  is  3J  in  head;  serrations  on  the 
liead  weaker;  color  brown,  black  above,  yellow  below:  pectorals  and  ventrals  orange,  as 
is  the  caudal  and  the  point  of  the  dorsal;  ventral  filament  carmine;  a  black  spot  at  the 
l)a8e  of  the  pectoral  above;  the  edges  of  the  scales  darker.  Cuba.  (I'oey.)  Length  4 
inches,   (fovflo*,  yellow;  oi-pol,  tail.) 


I  Pomacentrus  dorsopunicans,  I'<jey.  liody  oblong;  color  black,  shining  blue  in  life; 
lail  yellow;  an  ocular  spot  on  dorsal  tin.  Length  IJ  inches.  Havana.  (Poey.)  (dorsum, 
)aclc;  pimicang,  blushing).    The  species,  ''owes  its  specific  name  to  t'  3  fact  that  tlio 


upper  and  anterior  part  of  the  head  and  back  are  reddish,  the  same  as  the  correapondiug 
part  of  the  dorsal. 


i  I  Ft 


I 


!    J- 


'^T?^^5»iT^^5v^~" 


TW  .  •''W''"?" 


I  Ifr  • 


i>l»^' 
I 


l»ir 

If; 


1558  Hulh'tin  //,  Ihiilcd  Stales  National  Museum. 

youii^  lin8  Im'i'D  named  JlavHatim.  Th«  colorutiuii  «»f  the  young  is  thus 
d»'8('ribo(l  by  Dr.  (Jill: 

"This  spt'ciRH,  s(»  far  as  known,  iindergoeH  littlu  chuugu  during  ita  prog- 
resB  to  adult  ago.  Tho  color  iibovu  tlie  liitoial  lin«\  and  on  tho  scaly  por- 
tion of  the  dorsal  tin  before  the  middle  of  its  Hoft  p.-irt,  is  dark  Itrowu, 
with  blue  on  tho  crntcr  of  each  scale,  wliile  a  large  ocellus,  very  diirk 
blue,  nuirgined  with  liglit,  iidorus  tho  back  and  th<>  dorsal  tin  betwo«>utlic 
last  spine  and  the  sixth  ray ;  and  a  snuiU  ocellus  is  on  the  back  of  tho  tail 
behind  thodorsa^  tin.  Below  the  lateral  line  and  behind  the  (h>r8al  ocellus, 
the  color  is  brownish-yellow,  darkt^r  in  front  aU>ng  tlie  niargiuH  of  tlu) 
scales,  and  with  an  indistinct  bluish  dot  in  the  center  of  each  scale,  except 
on  the  caudal  ])oduiich(,  where  they  are  abse.it.  The  head  above  has  2 
blue  lines,  1  ou  eacli  side,  continued  from  tlie  snout  backward  on  the 
nape;  another  line  is  continued  from  the  upper  angle  of  th<^  orbit  to  the 
row  of  scales  above  tlie  lateral  line.  A  bar  crossf  s  the  preorbital  and  a 
line  interrupt«;d  passes  along  the  suborbital  chain;  a  bar  is  behind  the 
ends  of  the  maxillaiy.  The  scales  on  the  cheeks  and  open^ula  are  dotted 
with  blue.  The  dorsal  tin,  behind  its  produced  rays,  as  well  as  the  atial, 
caudal,  jtectoral,  and  ventral  tins  are  yellowish;  the  former  faintly 
marked  with  blue  on  its  scales,  and  margined  in  front  with  dusky;  the 
ventrals  are  likewise  margined  ou  their  outer  edges  with  dusky." 

A  specimen  from  a  rock  pool  at  Ma/atlan  was  colored  asf-djows:  An 
irregular  lino  fiom  snout  below  eye  to  soft  tlorsal  divides  the  lish  into  L' 
parts;  below  this  Hue  all  is  brilliant  yellow  with  an  orange  shade,  dee|)cst 
on  anal;  above,  all  is  tho  brightest  sky-blue;  scales  darker,  but  all  edged 
with  sky-blue,  (!  sky-blue  stripes  on  iipjier  jiart  of  head;  an  indigo  spot 
ou  base  of  lirst  ray  of  soft  dorsal  and  last  dorsal  spines,  extending  on  back, 
this  surrounded  by  a  ring  of  sky-blue;  a  similar  smaller  ocellated  spot  on 
back  of  caudal  peduncle.     Length  f  inch. 

Cape  Sau  Lucas  to  Ma/atlan  and  beyond;  very  abundant  in  rock  pools; 
the  most  brilliantly  colored  small  tish  in  Mexican  waters.  Kxcept  for  the 
marked  diti'crence  in  (!olor,  the  species  can  scarcely  be  separated  IVoni 
E.  rerlifnrninii,  an  equally  abundant  inhabitant  of  tho  same  waters.  We 
iiud,  however,  no  iuterniediate  forms,  the  2  8i>ecies  seeming  to  be  iier- 
fectly  separated.  It  may  be  noted  that  a  tliird  inhabitant  of  tho  same 
rock  pools,  Mivronpathodon  boirilii,  has  almost  exactly  the  coloration  of 
EiipomavcutriiH JlarilatuH.     (Jlaru.s,  yellow;  latus,  side.) 

I'lniiacealriiK  jiavilatiis,  liiM.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  I'liila.  13fi2, 148,  Cape  San  Lucas  ((."oil. 
Xiiiitiis);  ((ilLL)  (itNTHKU,  Cat.,  IV,  27,  18G2;  (Jll.L,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  I'bilii.  1803,  21.'i; 
JouDAN  A-  Gn.BEnT,  Pioc.  U.  S.  ^'at.  Mas.  1882,  HGO. 

11»70.    KUPOMACE.NTRUS   I'AKTITUS  (Pooy), 

Height  3i^  in  total  length  with  caudal  (nbout  2^  with(mt).  Color  dark 
brown,  with  posterior  haif  of  the  trunk  yellowish,  as  also  the  border  of  the 
tips  of  the  soft  dorsal  and  anal;  caudal  yellowish,  blue  jiosteriorly ;  pec- 
toral orange,  less  so  at  base;  rays  of  the  tins  dusky;  whole  soft  dorsal 
sometimes  yellowish.  Length  8  inches.  Cuba.  (Poey.)  A  doubtful  spe- 
cies not  seen  by  us.     (pa7'titus,  divided.) 

Poiiiaccntms  jyartitii*,  Poky,  S.vu(ii)8i8,  :i27, 1807,  Havana. 


Jordan  and  Jivennann. — Fishes  of  North  .Imerica.      1559 


I»7I.  KM'OMAC  K.NTUI  S  I'LAMKRONS  (Cuvier  &  Vakm  iemie«). 

(I'KTITK  JAylTKTTE.) 

I  )«i>th  2\  in  total  leuj^th  with  (iiuidal.  1).  XII,  15 ;  A.  II,  13 ;  sciiltis  a-2<.»-lO. 
rrolile  Irom  Hiiout  to  iiapo  ueaily  Htraijjlit,  intoroiltital  H{>ac«^  Hat;  j)r«or- 
liital  riugHt-rratu  ])OHt«^rioi'ly  only  ;  caudal  ))(MliiiieIe  very  Hhort;  tloi'Hal  and 
iiiial  loltuH  2>ointod.  lirown  with  a  hlack  8|>ot  at  base  of  puctoral  on  axil 
and  oxtuudiug  on  fin;  u  black  spot  hohind  doiual  on  caudal  peduncle; 
many  pale  Hjtots  on  »ide  of  anal,  ((jliinther;  Ouvier  &  Valcncifniu's.) 
L(ii>;th  3  inches.  West  Indieis;  iocord«'d  I'roni  .Jamaica  and  iMartini(|ue; 
little  esteemed  and  abandoned  to  the  negroes.  Not  hccu  l>y  us.  {itlannn, 
|plaue;  J'ronn,  forehead.) 

fumiueiUrm  vUiniJrum,  (U'ViK.ii  A    Vai.ex(IKNNK.>j.  lliHt.  Nal.  ToisH.,  v,  4;!1,  1830,  Mar- 
tiuique  (Coll.  M.  I'liio) ;  GuNTiiiiU.  (Jut.,  iv,  ;ta,  1802. 

623.  NEXILARIUS.  (Jilbert. 

\r.rilarimi,  GiLliLKT,  iu  .Juhuan  &.  Kvkumann, (Jhcck-List,  filli,  IH'.lti  (conooio;);  iiiisiiriiiled 
i\exilan». 

TliLs  genus  is  very  dose  to  Ahndefdiif  and  especially  to  the  section  called 
r.iiKchiiiUtdns,  IVoin  which  it  ilitlers  in  having  (he  broad  suborbitals  entirely 
adnato  to  the  cheeks,  as  in  lAfndoziiijuH,  and  covered  by  scales  so  that  the 
(lutlines  can  not  be  traced  without  dissection.  One  species  known,  {ncx- 
U'lKy  bound  down.) 

1»7*J.  NKXILAItlUSCONrOLOIt  ((iill). 

lleadSs^;  depth  IJ.     1).  XIII,  12;    A.  II,   10;    scales    l-2()-in,  21    itores. 
Kody  broadly  ovate,  the  anterior  profile  forming  a  steep  and  nearly  even 
nirv*^  from  the  <»nout  to  front  of  dorsal;  intororltital  space  convex,  rather 
liioader  than  eye,  which  is  3.1  in  head;  snout  3  in  head;  prenrbital  broad, 
not  notched,  its  least  depth  at  angle  of  mouth  5  in  bead,  its  greatest  ver- 
tical depth  5^;  suborbital  bro.id,  complet«dy  covered  by  scales,  its  edge 
not  free  and  to  I>e  ascertained  only  by  dissection;  lower  lip  with  a  Itroad 
ficc  margin  without  metlian  frenum;  teeth  rather  broad,  deeply  notched; 
preopertle  entire,  with  a  shaUow  con<avity  itchiud;  dorsal  spines  rather 
low,  the  fifth  highest,  2  in  head;  soft  dorsal  and  -mal  moderately  elevated; 
iil)per  lolie  of  caudal  longest  and  broadest;  pectorals  !>  1  long  as  head; 
vcutrals  a  little  longer,  filamentous  at  tip.     (!(dor  diisuy    olive,  nearly 
plain,  with  tra<'e8  of  (3  broad  dusky  cross  shadtss  corresponding  to  those 
in  .Ihudefdiifderli'ifrona  but  much  fainter;  souie  faint  olive  streaks  along 
the  rows  of  scab's;  fins  all  largely  dusky ;  a  bburk  sjtot,  broadest  .•il»ove, 
flowing  narrow  below,  on  upi)er  half  of  base  of  pectoral;  Ineast  some- 
tiiiu      with  diirk  streaks.      Length  8  inches.      Tacific  coast  of  Central 
Amoi     a,  rather  connuon.     Here  described  from  specimens  taken  Ity  Dr. 
(}i]l»er    at  Pananui.     The  species  strongly  restJiubies  Abiidcfduf  dvcUrifrons, 
liiit  ha     the  ]»reorbital  decidedly  l)roader,   the  dorsal   sjjines  lower,  the 
black  <ioss  bauds  much  fainter,  the  interorhital  space  more  convex,  the 
anterior  pi'ofile  more  evenly  rounih-d,  the  snout  shorter  and  lower,  besides 
the  generic  character  of  the  aduate  prcorbital.      {concolor,  uniformly 
colored.) 

lUitfhiiitodus  concolar,  (iiLi.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila.  1862,  145,  Panama.     (Coll.  Capt. 
J.  M.  JJow.) 


I  .. 


r| 


u' 


■"  .'**rT'    •V.V™..^- 


1560  liullclin  //,  UnUcd  States  National  Museum. 


624.  ABUDEFDUF."  ForHkiil. 

(PlNTAN()8.) 


I 


if 

'is 
If 


l^S ' 


Abiidefdtif,  Fokskai.,  Doaor.  Aulin.,  •'<<'■.  51'i  1775  {uorUidus). 
(ilyphiaudon,  LaceI'KDK,  lli«t.  Niit.  PoImm.,  i v, .142, 18o;i  {miiiirhana). 
KusehModun,  Gill,  I'loc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  riiila.  1862,  Ub  {doclioi/ront). 
(Huphidodon,  corrected  Hpt'lliiit;. 

Body  «lt'«'p,  c<hiihi»'«s»m1,  covcnvil  with  largi'  ctnioiU  scales;  hiioiU  witli_ 
out  scales;  pn'opcrclr  and  prcoiliital  ciitirc,  the  lower  limit  of  preopeidi 
scalelesH ;  3  to  \  rows  of  .scales  hetweeii  lateral  line  and  (lorsal ;  teeth  com 
pressed,  lixt'd,  more  or  less  diHtinctly  eniar^inate,  in  1  series  in  each 
jaw,  those  Itolow  occupyin^j  most  of  the  free  edy«'  of  the  .jnw;  .jaws  siili- 
e«iiiul.  Dorsal  usually  with  V^  spines,  the  la.st  slightly  shorter  than  the 
median  ones;  branchiostegals.")  or  (J;  jiyloric  ca-ca  3.  Lower  pharyngeals 
triangular.  Species  numerous;  often  brightly  colored ;  about  coral  reefs 
in  the  tropical  seas.  \V«'  exclude^  from  this  genus  all  th«^  species  formerly 
referred  to  UhjpUidodon,  in  which  the  teeth  a,vv  iu  more  than  1  series, 
and  also  those  in  which  the  snout  is  scaly,  or  tht(  low«'r  pharyngeals  not 
triangular.  For  thes»^  forms  different  generic  names,  Ilemviltjphidodon. 
Ainbljigltfphidodon,  (Uyphidodoiitops,  etc.,  have  i»eeu  (h-iined  by  Hleeker, 
The  genus  Stegastcs  .lenyus  (mhricatuH)  is  also  very  close  to  Ahude/diiJ, 
but  it  seems  to  hav(^  <'ntire  teeth,  and  the  suout  and  lins  arc  densely  scaly. 
The  genus  NexUnrins  is  h'ss  closely  related  to  Abndcfdiif. 

{ahn-defduf,  Arabic  t  uame  of  the  typ'j  of  the  gcuus,  Chwtodon  sordidux  ! 
Korskal.) 

I.  I'reoperclo  entire. 

Gl.Yl'HlSOUON  (yAu(i)is,  inolsed ;  o5oii?,  tooti)): 

a.  l'roorl»itiil  very  narrow,  its  least  breadth  less  than  pnpil,  oven  in  adult:  nntorior 

profile  of  head  nearly  straij^ht,  the  snout  rather  acute:  dorsal  spines  13;  aii:il 

with  about  12  soft  rays. 

6.  Scales  about  4-30-11;  green,  with  about  fl  dark-blue  or  blacki.sta  cross  bands; 

depth  1}  to  2  in  length;  anal  rays  II,  12.  saxatm.is,  197!. 


-  There  seems  to  be  no  good  reason,  except  its  odd  form,  for  rejecting  the  Arabic  name 
given  l)y  Forskal  to  this  genus.  Tlic  diagnosis  given  l>y  this  excellent  author  is  very 
])ertinent,  and  the  basisot  the  uame  is  the  same  as  tliat  of  Acantlmnis.  Under  tlic  hcail 
of  Chtietodon,  Forskal  observes: 

•' Genus  hoc  sultdivisioncni  admittit:  («)  CH^noooN:  dcntibus  liliformibus,  brevibus, 
numerosis,  multoruni  ordinum,  densis,  a(Mitis.  interioribus  sousim  minoribus.  P.  J>i . 
radiisO.  Spina'  1'.  A.  3.  (h)  Auu-DKFDrF:  dentibuHmaxillaribusuniusl'crioi,  tiliformibus. 
contiguis,  submobilibus,  obtusis;  deutibus  fauciuiu  nullis;  annulo  subtus  circa  oculos. 
P.  IJr.  rad.  5.  Spinw  P.  A.  2.  (e)  Acanthukus:  dentibus  nnius  feriei,  rigidis,  acutis,  con- 
tiguis, vi»l  timplicibus  vel  lobatis.  C.tuda  iu  utro<|ue  latere  aculeo  uno  vel  pluribus; 
exsorto  ot  rigido;  vel  mobili  et  recondendo.  Divisiuiu  prorsus  a  Cluetodoute  genus; 
aliquande  propriam  constituens  familiani.'' 

Abu(/«'/d»/tnu8  corresponds  in  general  to  the  family  Fomacent.ridw,  na  Acanthurus  io 
the  Teuihiidido',  and  it  rests  on  the  same  basis  as  th(!  iatter  name.  Probably  Forskal  in- 
tended to  furnish  each  genus  with  a  classical  namt!.  In  the  ])ublication '^of  Forskal's 
posthumous  notes,  his  editor,  Carstcn  Niebuhr,  neglected  to  do  this,  and  apparentlv  wc 
have  no  alternative  but  to  take  Ahudefdvf  aa  its  author  left  it  instead  of  the  later  olyph 
inodon. 

tThe  name  "Abu-defduf,"  according  to  Dr.  Cyrus  Adler,  seems  to  moan  "  Father  (i.  c, 
possessor)  of  sides."    It  would  indicate  a  fish  or  an  animal  who.se  sides  or  Hanks  are 
prominent.    To  analyze  it ;  "  abu  "  means  father,  and  "  del',"  side  or  tiank.    The  redu]ili 
cation,  "  defduf,'  is  a  sort  of  an  intensive  plural. 

I  A^M^/e/t/ao/dirfmisaspecies  with  broad  preorbital  and  anal  tin  with  13  to  15  soft 
rays. 


Jordan  and  livcnnann. — lushes  of  North  Atmrica.     1^)01 


I'.fMCllIS'ldlU'S  (n"i,  Wl'll;  O'X'O'TIK,  H|ilit;    'nhov%,  tooth): 
((((.  I'rcurltitiil  lironil.  itH  U-aHt  lii'fiidtli  imt  Icsit  than  tliaiiiitcr  of  pupil,  groatt^r  thiiii 
)>ii])il  ill  tliu  adult:  anterior  ))n)til(' of  li<;a(l  iimru  or  h-HH  nn  liotl,  tlio  Hnoiil  low 
anil  hliint,  projecting;  liu\iiii<l  thi>  Hiiiall  mouth:  unal  iiiyH  II,  10;  coloration  ilull. 
<•.  Dorsal  Hpint's  i;t;  scales  'i.1  or  28, 

({.  Color  olivacoouH  with  5  to  7  broad  darker  ItandH;  a  lilauk  spot  on  liaHO  of 

pectoral.  DKil.lVinioNS,  1074. 

iM.  (Jolor  ill  adult  l)rownisli,  witli  ;;reen  dots,  not  distinctly  jjanded;  teoth 

Huiallcr,  51  on  eacii  Hide.  AN.M.ouf.s,  1975. 

vc.  DorHal  Hpines  VI;  body  with  ,'•  dark  cross  bandH,  fainter  than  in  A.  naxatilis; 

scales  about  25.  i  Auuus,  l'.>76. 

1 1,  I'leopercle  coar.^uly  serrated ;  dorsal  H])ines  lU;  scales  very  lar;;c,  25;  body  with  d;irk 

cross  hands.  uudiis,  1077. 


? 


Subgenus  GLYPHISODON,  Lacipede. 
lUiii.  .Uil  UKKDIF  SAXATIIilS  (Liuiiiieus). 


iI'lNTANO;     ('OWlMl.OT;    CoCKKYK    PILOT;    .1  Ai/fKTA  ;     M.VIAIillA    RAIADA  ;    Dt'.MOISKI.I.K  ; 
Si'.KOEANT   MA.IOU.) 

H.iul  'M, ;  depth  1|  to  2.     1).  XIII,  12  or  13;  A.  II,  12  (11  to  13);  oyo  3  in 
lieiid;  snout   1;  highest  dorsal  spino  2;  sctilo.s  4-28  to  32-12,  21  pores, 
r.ody  mtich  con) pressed,  hack  little  arched,  anterior  prolile  nearly  straight, 
iiiterorhital  area  slightly  convex;  snout  not  very  ohtuse,  the  very  narrow 
picorhital  not  wide  as  pupil ;  mouth  niodemte,  the  maxillary  reaching  to 
vertical  from  front  of  orbit;  nuirgin  of  preoperclo  and  stiborhit.il  ring 
entire;  cheeks  and  ojjercles  scaly  ;  eye  a  little  wider  than  length  of  snout; 
snout  not  very  blunt,  the  prcorbital  low,  2  m  eye;  fourth  and  lifth  dorsal 
spines  longest,   slightly   more  than  \  the  length  of  the  head;  from  the 
tilth  to  last  dorsiil  .spine  there  is  ;i  slight  decrease  in  length;  median  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  rays  the  longest,  lA  to  IJ.  in  the  heiid;  pectoral  (ins  rather 
long,  about  }-,  longer  than  head,  reaching  to  tips  of  ventrals,  which  reach 
iVont  of  anal;  i)ectoral  about  as  long  as  head;  secoml  anal  spine  1,1   in 
licad;  cautlal  forked,  upper  lobe  the  longer;  teeth  rather  deeply  notched. 
Color  in  life,  bright  pale  yellowish  green;  sides  with  a  or  (J  deep  indigo 
hands  which  exte.id  on  the  dorsal  tin  iind  which  tiro  rather  narrower  than 
I  lie  interspac(>s,  the  first  from  the  origin  of  the  dorsal  to  the  pectoral  lin, 
the  second  downward  from  fourth  and  lifth  dorsal  spines,  the  third  from 
tlie  ninth  and  tenth  dorsal  spines  toward  the  vent,  the  fourth  from  end  of 
8|)inous  dorsal  to  middle  of  anal,  the  lifth  below  the  end  of  the  soft  dorsal 
;iud  continued  on  the  posterior  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal;  a  faint  sixth  bar 
.it  base  of  caudal;  dark  lins  violet  blue;  each  scale  on  lower  part  of  body 
with  a  pale  blue  spot,  those  ftn-ming  faint  longitudinal  streaks  oiv  lower 
part  of  body;  some  golden  on  upper  part  of  the  body;  a  black  spot  at 
liast)  of  pectoral  above.     Length  6  inches.     Tropical  America,  on  both 
coasts;  abundant  in  tide  pools  and  about  coral  reefs  everywhere   from 
(iiiaymas  to  Peru  and  from  Florida  to  Uruguay.     We  are  nimble  to  dis- 
tinguish the  Piicilic  form  called  troscheUi  from  the  common  stixatil'm.     Here 
described  from  specimens  from  Mazatlan,  Havana,  iind  Socorro  Island. 
(snxatiUa,  living  among  rocks.) 
3030 21 


,  *?■.  i 


1562  Bulletin  ^y,  Lhiited  States  National  Mnsenni. 


3  ■ 
J' 


.■I 
'Jl. 


JiKjiiaeaijuan;  M  AiiccmAVK,  HIhI.  Ilra/.il,  1048,  Brazil. 

Vhiriininn  rauda  h\fviea,faMii$  b-alliU,  Linnaki's,  Muh.  Adolpli.  I''rtid<Tici,  i,  (M,  "India.  " 

Chii'tinUtti  naxntilU,  Linnaeus,  .S.vHt.  Nat.,  Kd.  .\,'_'70, 1758;  attoi-  Mhh.  Ad.  Fr.;  Kd.  xii 

4(10, 1700. 
Chivlod&n  mauiitii,  lil/ini,   Iilitliol.,  in,  2i;i,  pi.  100,  1785,  Brazil;  on  a  bad  druwiiiK  hy 

Prince  Mauuick. 
Vhwtodon  marginatut,  ItLucii,  Iclilliol.,  in,  US,  pi. '.2U7, 1787,  Martinique;  ou  a  druwlni;  li\ 

ri.i'MiKU. 
Olyphixmlon  moiicharrii,  JiAvi-.vv.UK,  Tlist.  Nat.  I'oIhh.,  iv,  542,  180U,  Brazil,  etc.;  after  v;i 

rioim  aiitliorH. 
CliiHoilon  sai-ijoidi'H,  LACl^PkiiK,  JliHt.  Kat.  I'oIhh.,  iv,  4r):i,  18();i,  Martinique;  on  a  dniw  in;: 

liy  I'Ll'MIKU. 

(Ilyiihidodvn  tnmhelii,  (iii.L,  Prw.  Ac.  Nat.  Sri.  Tliila.  180*2,  l.')0,  Cape  San  Lucas  (Coll 
,l(din  XiintiiH);  (JCNTiiEii,  Cat.,  iv,  110,  1802;  (iiix,  I'loc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liiln.  180.1  Tl\) 

Oli/iiliidodon  Koxntilis,  C'rviKK  \  Vai.ENCIKN.nks,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  v,  440,  1830,  (iiNTiii:!; 
Cat.,  IV,  :i5;  .loHKAN  A,  (iiuiKUT,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu8,  1882,  300  and  377;  JoiiUAN,  l'ro< . 
U.  S.Nat.  Mu8.  1884,134. 

Subgenus  EUSCHISTODUS,  (Mil. 

1074.    AHI'DKFDrF    UECIilVII  itONS  (Gill). 


Head  3.!  ;  deptli  2.  D.  XIII,  12;  A.  II,  10;  eyo  3  in  hL'iul,  e«iuiil  to  .snout 
in  the  iidiilt;  pectorals  e(|Uiil  to  lioad;  longeat  dorsal  spine  2;  second  uiial 
spine  2|'i ;  scales  3-28-9.  Body  compressed,  back  mucli  elevated,  anterior 
profile  convex,  very  steep,  steepest  from  front  of  eye  to  margin  of  upjicr 
jaw;  the  rather  broad  preorbital  usually  wider  than  pupil,  e.specially  in 
the  adult;  snout  bluntish;  mouth  small,  maxillary  not  reaching  vcrticul 
from  front  of  eye,  prcnporcle  and  suborbital  with  entire  edges;  preorbitiil 
unusually  bro;id,  growing  broader  with  ago.  Diameter  of  eye  greater 
than  the  length  of  the  snout  in  the  young  2  inches  long,  equal  to  it  in 
oxiimplesl  inches  long;  dorsal  spines  increase  in  length  to  3  and  1  inches, 
then  decrease  to  ]a.st  sjiine;  soft  doi'sal  and  anal  with  median  rays  moder- 
ately produced,  longest  dorsal  ray  IJ  in  head,  longi^st  anal  slightly  longer. 
Gill  rakers  not  very  closely  set,  about  16  below  the  angle;  poctoral.s 
scarcely  reaching  tips  of  ventrals,  which  reach  slightly  past  vent.  Color 
comparatively  dull  and  plain ;  greenish  olive,  mottled  with  light  and  dark ; 
head  and  all  of  the  fins  except  pectoral  darker;  6  or  7  rather  broad,  dark 
vertical  bars  on  sides  of  body,  extending  on  dorsal  fin,  usually  6  befoie 
caudal  peduncle,  these  less  distinct  than  in  A.  aaratUis,  growing  obscure 
with  age;  base  of  each  scale  on  lower  jj  of  body  with  a  pale  spot,  these 
forming  faint,  indistinct  longitudinal  bands;  upper  part  of  base  of  pecto- 
ral with  a  conspicuous  black  spot,  a  good  diagnostic  mark,  varying  in 
size,  largest  in  older  individuals;  no  blue,  yellow,  or  red  in  life.  Length  1 
inches.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America;  al>undaut  in  rock  pools,  espe- 
cially about  Mazatlan,  where  the  specimens  here  described  were  taken. 
{deelivix,  steep;   frons,  forehead.) 

Exachiitodus  decUvi/roni,  Gll.L,  Troc.  Ac.  N  it.  Sci.  Phila.    1802,   140,    Cape  San  Lucas 

(Coll.  Xantus) ;  Gill,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1803,  220. 
Glyphidodon  decliui/ronv,  JonDAN  «fc  Giujert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882, 300  and  377. 
Abudefdiif  declivifron»y  Jordan,  Fishes  of  Siualoa,  in  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 470. 


RH 

Pv.    " 

!■■'  " 

V 

1 ', 

1 

■iiffig 

fllk'' 

li 

' 

'fK 

Mi! 

1 

^^jl 

^ft 

^■p           \'.\\i^iL-'i\ 

Jordan  and  l\vennann. — Fishes  of  North  Anwrica.      156.'? 


1075.   AlillDKFDrF  AlS'ALOUrS  (Qill). 

Iload:J;  depth  2.  D.  XIII,  12;  A.  II,  10;  I'.  1«;  Hnil.-s  4-2r.-lt.  Similar 
ill  form  to  Ahudc/thif  thrHrifroiin,  tlio  teoth  Hmallor,  21  or  22  on  eacli  sidii 
in  tbo  upper  Jiiw,  7  of  which  arc  in  the  dcliectotl  portion  behind,  2r>  on 
inch  side  in  the  lowtn*  jaw;  produ<-u«l  portion  of  anal  tin  rounded  rather 
than  angular.  Oolor  ]iurplish  brown,  dottrd  with  ^n^eii  on  the  center  of 
isich  Hoalo,  and  with  the  throat  and  alidomen  t-overed  with  a  lai<*>-color*;d 
(  oat.  ((lill.)  Atlantic  coant  of  Central  Amuriia;  not  Huen  by  ua.  lOvi- 
(Icntly  closely  related  to  .1.  tlevHrifronx  (whence  the  nnme  a»alo<iii8,  like.) 

I.iichistodua  analoijuM,  (Jill,  Proc. Ac.  Nat.  S<i.  I'liila.  186:1,21!),  Aspinwall.    (Coll.  liev. 
Mr.  Kowoll.) 

197U.  ABI'DKFDI'F  TAi:itrK  (Miiller  \'  TroHcliul). 

(Dovetail  Fish.) 

'*  1).  XII,  12;  A.  II,  10.  The  teolb  are  noshed.  Tlie  deft  of  the  mouth 
iliK^s  not  rea<-h  the  eye;  on  the  angle  of  the  iiiniith  the  Hiibor))ital  bone  iu 
nearly  a.s  large  as  the  diainotcr  of  the  eye;  the  spa<'0  betwi^en  tlie  eycH  is 
nearly  equal  to  IJ  diameter  of  an  eye.  The  prolihi  is  less  steep  than 
in  a.  saxatillH,  and  the  5  vertical  bainls  are  less  distinct  in  the  present 
species.  Its  length  is  7  inches.''  (Miiller  4.V  Troschel.)  Asi-arceiy  known 
si)eeie8,  ])o8sil»ly  distinguished  from  A.  analogus  by  the  12  dorsal  spines,'' 
possibly  i«lenticul  with  .1.  rudh.     {taurita,  bull.) 

Cliiphidodon  taurus,  MOlleu  &  Tuoschel,  in  Schoinbiirjijk'B  History  of  ISarbndoii,  674, 
1848,  Barbados.     (Type  in  niiiHeiim  at  ISerlin). 

We  )dace  here  a  species  which,  if  correctly  des<ribed,  would  seem  to 
l)elong  to  a  distinct  genus.  Its  atliiiities  are,  however,  evidently  rather 
with  the  species  called  Enschiaiodus,  and  I'oey's  account  of  the  serration 
(if  the  preopercle  may  be  erroneous. 

1077.  AlirUKFDL'F  Ul'UIS  (Poi\v). 

Head  4  in  total  length  with  caudal;  depth  2i;  eye  4  in  head.  D.  XIII, 
12;  A.  II,  10;  scales  very  large,  25  in  lateral  lints.  Maxillary  reaching 
t(»  opposite  nostril;  teeth  in  1  row,  alike  in  size,  all  deeply  bitid;  preo- 
percle  coarsely  serrated,  a  flat  spine  on  the  opercle;  btltes  of  the  caudal 
rounded,  the  tin  little  not«*h«'d;  se<-ond  anal  s]»ine  strong;  snout  longer 
than  in  A,  saxatilin;  scab's  much  larger,  the  pores  of  the  lateral  line  not 
Idanched.  Color  brown,  with  5  broad  viTtical  bands  before  caudal, 
which  descend  from  the  back  to  the  middle  of  the  flanks,  where  they  fade 
insensibly;  eye  blackish;  fins  dark  brown;  dai'k  bands  l)road,  with  nar- 
row inters])aces;  1  dark  band  more  than  in  A.  saxatilia.  Cuba;  oih' 
t'eiiiale  10  inches  in  length.  (Poey.)  A  little  known  sptscies  of  uncertain 
relationship.  If  its  preopercle  is  really  serrate,  it  can  not  behmg  to 
Ahudefduf.  In  other  reH])ects  it  would  seem  nearer  to  the  latter  genus 
than  to  Kiipomacentrus.  It  is  very  likely  identical  with  Ahudefduf  taurus. 
[riidia,  rough.) 
Ulyphidodon  rudis,  Poey,  Meinorias,  ii,  191,  1860,  Havana;   GCntheb,  Cat.,  iv,  37,  1862. 


I.,  ■ 

"  i' 


*-    ); 


!;»; 


I 


*  Acconliiig  to  Poey  tlio  type  of  this  8i)0(;ies  has  (fido  Peters,  in  lit.)  the  coloration  of 
.1.  rudin  and  similarly  largo  scales  (about  25  in  lateral  line). 


w 


w 


i  m 


:l 


>•     ■)■■ 


ir.04 


liullclin  /7,  VtiHid  Slixlt's  Xalional  Miiscmn. 


6a5.  HYPSVPOPS,  (Jill. 

((iAltlllAM>IS.) 
nypaiipnpu,  (llLl,,  PrcK!.  Ac.  Nat.  8cl.  IMilla.  l«61,  Kl.'i  {rvbienndiiii}. 

liod.v  very  tW^ep,  c«iv«)ru<l  with  nithcr  lurf^o  ctonoid  hciiIch  which  oxfcoinl 
oil  the  I>u8vs  nC  tlio  vurtit'ui  fins;  laiulal  piiluiK'le  short  iiiiil  lUH-p;  hiMd 
very  (luc|i,  with  pi'omiiK'iit  I'ltrehoatI  )iii«l  siioiit;  no  scales  hel'oro  iiustrils 
am!  none  on  lower  liini)  of  preoperele;  proorhital  very  (lecp,  bnt  not  so 
ilecpasiii  MicroHjiatliodon.  .linvsHiiliui|ual;  month  Biiiall ;  teeth  all  narrow  . 
lixed,  entire,  those  below  covering'  whole  cd^jc  ol'thojaw;  cainlal  eniaiKi 
iiate,  with  roiiiulcd  lobes.  One  species  of  laiK'"  si/c,  its  coloration  cliaii;;- 
ing  with  age.    (i-'^^z,  bijj;b;  (37rc>,  below;  (a^,  eye,  i'rom  the  wide  preorbital.  i 


fi'  ■J-  ■'■'(. 


i 


1U78.  IIVI>SVIMM>S  Itl  UK  TNIMJS  ((iirnnl). 

(liAltAIIAIJ)!.) 

Head  3H;  depth  IJ.  D.  XII,  1(1;  A.  II,  15;  eye  l'!  in  head;  snout  L'l ; 
]ioctoral  cqiiala  head;  hi^hust  dornal  spine  li;  highest  dorsal  ray  l^;  sec- 
ond anal  spine  3;  Hcales  r)-3()-lI{,  21  pores.  Body  short  and  deep,  ele- 
vated and  compressed,  constricted  behind  the  dorsal  and  anal,  the  caudal 
peduncle  short  and  deep;  head  higher  than  long,  the  ]ircorbital  and  sub- 
orbital regions  being  unusually  deep;  prcopercle entire ;  cheeks,  opercles, 
and  top  of  head  scaly,  except  snout  and  lower  Jaw,  which  are  naked: 
mouth  small;  lips  thick;  teeth  compressed,  narrow,  blunt,  and  entire,  in 
a  single  row,  dark  at  4ii>s;  gill  rakers  short  anil  flexible,  about  34-1-: 
preorbital  anteriorly  as  wide  as  the  eye,  about 4A  in  head  in  adult;  cheeks 
with  r>  or  (» rows  of  ratlier  small  scales,  opercles  with  several  rows  of  larger 
ones;  preorbital  witli  small  ciow<led  scales;  lips  thick,  the  lower  without 
frenuni ;  soft  fins  rather  high ;  pectorals  reaching  to  tip  of  vcntrals,  nearly 
to  vent.  Adult  uniform  deep  scarlet  in  life,  unmarked,  edges  of  fins 
dusky.  The  color  of  the  young  of  this  species  is  ciuito  variable,  and  dif- 
ferent from  that  of  the  adult.  The  Adlowing  account  of  the  c(doration  of 
the  yonng  is  given  by  Miss  Rosa  Smith  (now  Mrs.  C.  II.  Eigenmann) : 

"Hitherto  only  the  adult  form  «)f  this  species  has  been  known,  and  its 
uniform  deep  scarlet  coloration  has  been  (;onsidored  to  form  a  marked  con- 
trast to  the  coloration  of  the  other  species  of  I'oinacentrita.  I  have  lately 
secun'd  numerous  young  specimens,  and  find  their  coloration  (|uite  ditl'er- 
ent  fnun  that  of  the  adult,  aud  in  general  similar  to  that  of  the  other 
members  of  this  genus. 

"The  ground  color  is  dusky  s<'arlet,  with  num«.>rous  markings  of  an 
intensely  bright  blue,  which  occasionallj'  changes  to  bluish  green.  Two 
series  of  elongate  sjiots  form  a  blue  stripe  on  either  side  of  the  median 
line,  between  tij)  of  snout  and  beginning  of  dorsal  fin;  a  line  of  blue  on 
superior  margin  of  iris  is  followed  posteriorly  by  an  irregular  series  of 
blue  spots  above  the  lateral  line  (the  individual  spots  not  quite  e(|ualing 
diameter  of  iris),  the  last  of  these  spots  is  larger  than  those  which  precede 
it,  being  I  of  the  orbital  diameter,  and  extends  up  to  the  base  of  the 
dorsal  fin  at   the  i)ostcrior  third  of  the  spinous   portion;  theuce  very 


«,i), 


Jordan  and  /'h'ennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1505 


Niiiall  (lota  oontiiiiu)  to  Mhi  I'litl  of  tliu  dorHiil  Ihi,  (luHcribiii^  a  curve  wliicli 
I'Siictly  oiitliiU'H  thooxtontto  whit-h  st-iileH  cover  tlu«  ItustMtf  the  articiiliitit 
ilorsal  I'liyH;  nc(>iiH|iiciiouH  l)luc  npot  or  bur  croHHUH  top  of  caudal  pu«liiiic]c 
I'loHc  to  the  ])OHt<'rior  iiiHcrtion  of  thuHnl  tin.  Oiu'or  iiion^Hiiiall  MnuHpots 
lit  liaHc  of  caiKlal.  The  Hpiiio  of  first  ray  <»f  ventral  blue;  Hpinos  and  tipH 
of  anterior  rayu  of  anal  hliie;  a  nearly  round  Idne  Hpot  on  po.sterior 
part  of  anal  near  its  base.  Sides  of  body  iiioro  or  less  dotted  with  blue,  as 
MIC  also  the  (;lioeks  and  opcndcH.  I'ectoraiN  and  <-andal  Hcuiitransparmt, 
plain  reddish,  (iround  color  of  anal,  bright  red.  Dorsal  tin  dusky,  with 
minute  blue  dots  anterior  to  tlie  markings  niontioued.  Abdomen  and 
under  surface  cd'  tbu  head  lighter,  immacniate. 

"Tlio  description  is  made  from  specimens  lijtoli  inches  long.  .-'iM-ci- 
iiKtns  less  than  1  inch  lou<r  have  the  spinous  dorsal  almost  wholly  blimand 
;ill  the  nuirkings  lar^^cr,  while  an  individual  S.I  inches  long  shows  th*> 
iiiarkinf^s  similarly  )dacud  but  relatively  smaller,  and  the  ground  color  is 
more  olivaceous. 

'The  tin  rays  are  proportionately  higher  and  the  eye  relatively  larger 
than  in  the  adult.  The  suborbital  and  preopcrcle  are  without  serrations, 
rhc  small  o])ercnlar  spine,  unlike  that  of  the  mature  form,  is  smooth  and 
wholly  without  denticulations.  The  greatest  depth  of  the  body  is  about 
^  the  length. 

"These  brilliant  little  tishes  inhabit  only  large,  deep,  rock  pools,  hiding 
iiudor  the  sea-weed  of  ledges,  and  frequently  swinnning  out  into  the  open 
water  of  the  i)ool.  They  are  ac«-om|)anied  by  the  adult,  the  nsinil  uniform 
H(!arlet  color  of  which  appears  a  distin<-t  lusterless  yellow  in  the  water. 

"The  specimens  described  were  taken  at  La..Tolla,  near  San  Diego." 

Coast  of  Oalifornia  south  of  I'oint  Coucepciou  ;  common  in  clear  waters 
about  rocky  islands  from  Point  (Jonccpcion  to  To(h»s  Santos  \\;\y.  A  haud- 
Hoin<^  lish,  reaching  a  length  of  \i  inches;  of  some  value  as  food,  {ruh'i- 
cnuditH,  red.) 

abiphisodon  rubieundun,  GlTiAnn,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sri.  Tliil.a.  1854, 148,  Monterey,  California 
(Coll.  Liout.  W.  1'.  Trowbri(l>,'t>) ;  GniAuu,  U.  S.  Vacilic  U.  U.  Siir.,  x,  Kil,  |.l.  20, 18.J8. 

ll'iP'HI'opi  ruhicundun,  (iu.L,  I'roc.  Ac.  N.at.  Sci.  I'liilu.  1801, 105,  and  18(i:i,  218. 

I'aima  ruhuunnia,  GCntiikk,  Cut.,  iv,  .")H,  1H02. 

I'umacentfim  ri(hiciindns,  .loiiD-VN  \-.  Gujieut,  SyiiojisLs,  010, 188;i ,  IJos.v  Smitu,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mils.  1882,  052;  KosA  Smitu,  i.  c.  188;t,2;i4;  .loiiDAN  \  (iiLiiEUT,  I'rtu:.  H.S.Xal. 
Mils.  1882,52. 

626.  MICROSPATHODON,  Ciintlier. 

Mieroipathodon,  GONTHEn,  Cat.  Fishes,  iv,  ;t5.  1802  (chriiiiiriaij. 
I'diiinlaprion,  Gu.L,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.Pliila.  18(i:i,210  (dorvalit). 

Body  deep,  compressed ;  htiad  wide ;  mouth  rather  larg«%  with  trjinsverse 
cleft;  lower  Jaw  shorter  than  upper,  its  teeth  ccmlined  to  its  anterior  por- 
tion; teeth  in  1  series  in  cich  .jaw,  all  movable;  upper  teeth  narrow, 
entire;  lower  broader,  also  entire;  preorbital  very  broiid,  with  a  deep 
notch  between  nostril  and  maxillary;  lower  limit  of  preo])ercl(^  scaled; 
snout  scaled  almost  to  tlu^  lips ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  fins  with  median  rays 
elevated;  caudal  fork»'d;  coloration  very  brilliant.  Herbivorous  fishes  of 
the  rocky  islands  of  the  Tropics,  the  known  species  all  American.  (j-ttHpui, 
small;  dndOrf,  sheath;  uSovi,  tooth.) 


nr 


..'('  ■ 


^ 


ii 


imm 


ir»W»  Unlhtiu  /7,  lUiitcd  States  Nalumal  Museum. 


t 


1      'I 


^i 


I      ■< 


(I.  Vi<rtlrul  lliiM  lint  t)li<vato<|;  oaiulul  Niiii|il,v  liinitttM  inlor  IhowiiInIi,  with  Itliin  hIiihIo 
uIh)Vi',  IIi«  liiwt'i- hnll' ninrr  iir  U'hh  iiltriiptly  .M'IIiiw  :  t-nt'li  ni'iiIo  wllli  a  liliii' ilni .  i^ 
liliit'k  Hpot  Oil  liiu'k  of  cuuiliil  |ic<liiiirlo;  iioHtnl  liirxc,  ^  t'.vu  In  ud'ilt. 

HAIUIIII,   UI71I 

rifi.  Vortical  II im  much  olcrntoil ;  I'ltiiiliil  IiiIich  t'nlniili>. 

h.  ('aiiiliil  llii  Kolilcn  yi-Uow  or  <ii'iiiiK<i  ill  lil'i' ;  liiHly  iliu'li  lii'ttwii  with  rotinil  •pni , 
of  <li'i-|)  hliiu  oil  hiiiul,  iinpi',  iiixl  HoiiK'lliiii'M  on  hiu'k.         I'llltVHrut'H,  lliHn. 
lb.  ('uiiihil  till  iliirii,  llk«<  tilt'  IxMly,  not  yrllow. 

I'.  Ilmiy  (lark,  HpriiikloU  with  hlii(<  H|>otM  liki'  lliikcH  of  fiiow. 

NIVEATITS,  in«l 

ce.  Iluily  not  covitreil  with  liliio  Hjiotn;  nostril  it  nniAll  jiorc;  vertinil  iIhh 
f'uli'jile;  vortirul  IIiih  ihM'phliii)  without  piilo  t'ilt{iii/H:  lioily  ilitt'p  blur, 
with  'i  liirt;t;,  roiiiul,  Hky-hliio  HpotH  iiliovi^  hitoriil  Uno,  I  iiviir  IIh  Iron), 
1  iiiiilor  front  of  Hpinoim  ilorHiil,  I  iinihir  hiHt  Hpiiiu;  ii  liliio  niiiIiHi' 
lit'liiiiil  liiHt  ilorHul  ruy— tliOHc  iliHtiiiut  at  all  a|{OMi  hoail  with  liliu' 
■tri-akM  iiud  H]iotH.  uoKtjAI.lt),  1UH2. 


:r"-  / 


l>'i; 


1970.  MICKONIMTIIODON  IIAIKIIII  ((iill). 


■'."■  ■  t 


Hen«l  3;  depth  IJ.  D.  XII,  1«;  A.  II,  14;  hcrIcb  ;{-2!M0.  Body  bIioi), 
<'OiU|H'UHso«I,  elunj^iiteil;  iiiipe  abruptly  piodiicoil  bobiiid  iiiid  above  a 
depr«Hsion  wbiih  Jitis  above  tbe  eye,  the  napo  thus  projcetlng  foiwaid  in 
11  tleshy  crest;  anterior  profile  steep,  with  tlesby  rorni^^ntioiis,  Hepiirnted 
by  depressioiiH;  tip  of  Hiiont  above  protnaxiliary  enlarged  to  a  tloHliy  jind 
under  which  the  jaw  slips,  separated  from  preorbital  and  top  of  head  liy 
a  deep  crease,  deeper  in  larger  speiinieuH.  Nostril  midway  between  eye 
and  rrest,  its  mIzo  much  larjjor  than  in  M.  doraaliH,  beinj^  i  diameter  ol 
eye.  In  M.  dormliii  of  the  same  si/.e  thr  nostril  is  reduced  to  a  small  jiore, 
about  js  of  eye.  Preorbital  lower  than  in  dorHalin,  its  heiglit  li^  in  head  in 
adult;  in  doraaliH  of  the  ne  si/o  the  preorbital  is  2^  in  head.  Teeth 
small,  trtincate,  nmvable,  about  as  in  doraal'm;  lower  Jaw  shorter;  width 
of  mouth  2  in  head;  1  or  "»  rows  of  scales  on  cheek.  Caudal  |iedunclc 
short  and  deep,  length 2.i  in  head,  its  depth  2  in  head;  dorsal  elevated  i<tit 
not  falcate,  simply  angular,  its  longest  ray  I]^  in  head;  anal  similai,  its 
longest  ray  H  ■■>  head;  caudal  lunate,  its  lobes  not  produced,  the  u])per 
longer,  Iff  in  head ;  pectoral  1-  in  head;  ventral  1\  in  head.  Color  uni- 
form deep  bliieblack  without  jialcr  margins  to  fins  except  very  narrow 
line  <ui  upper  ray  of  pectoral  and  tipper  lobe  of  caudal;  no  spots.  This 
species  is  well  separated  from  M.  doraal'm,  differing  in  the  much  larger 
nostril,  fleshy  hum|i  at  nape,  in  the  lower  preorbital  and  in  the  uneven 
slope  of  profile,  as  well  as  the  absence  of  falcate  tips  to  iiiis.  Here  descrilied 
from  adult  examples  G  to  12  inches  long  from  Clarion  Island  (collected 
by  McGregor).  The  very  small  specimens  which  have  been  named  Micro- 
spatliodou  bairdii  seem  to  be  the  young,  having  the  large  nostril  and  the 
non-falcate  tins.  Tbe  bright  orange  markings  seem  to  disappear  with 
advanced  age. 
The  color  of  the  young  is  thus  described  by  Dr.  Gill: 
"The  color  in  extreme  youth,  as  represented  by  a  specimen  10  lines  long, 
is  greenish  yellow,  modified  by  blue  above  on  the  middle  of  each  scale, 
the  margins  alone  being  Itrownish;  below  a  lin<^  drawn  from  the  iixil  of 
the  pectoral  to  that  of  the  dorsal  lin,  the  blue  has  disappeared,  and  the 


■H.l't 


^^^ 


Jofdait  and  livinminn, — Fishes  of  North  AnurUa.     15(17 


bi'OWiiiHh  yoUow  is  i>oiiN|iini(>iiH,  NprliikliMi  over  with  u  few  fuiut,  diirkor 

(ll)ts,  Wllioh  tllKIIINoivt-H  IllMOtlll'  IlllHulrtc  III)  tllO  IiIkIoIIKUI  UImI  Cllllllill  ptMlllII- 

('|(>;  iiiiiiKMliately  lichiiKl  tlu)  tlomiil  tin  tliont  ii*  a  tliirk  H|)nt,  iiiiii^riiKxl  in 
liDiit  by  Itliio.  Tho  IkmiiI  abovr  Iiuh  2  Miio  liiica  coiitinnutl  t'roiii  Hiiout 
:inil  (ItM'iirvuil  over  the  ovt;  liall  ami  hrliiiid  tiio  orltit;  on  tlit>  i'on'lit'ud 
tlifi'o  iH  a  traiiHverHe  liliie  Imr,  an«l  on  the  iia])e  2  noiirly  piirallt'l  lon^i- 
I  iiiliiiiil  liliie  iinoN.  An  oliliqiio  bar  rroHHfM  tjio  luooiliital ;  u  hoimoh  of  iilno 
<I()|M  on  thr  Hnl)orl>ital  rliain  in  continnf<l  to  nie«-t  the  tlotiurtetl  lino  liiliinil 
ilii>  (>yo,  and  tlien^  iH  a  hluc  liar  ludiiini  Ihi^enii  of  tliu  maxillary,  Tlic  lips 
iiul  n])eroula  are  Itrown.  The  doiHnl  Hn,  on  itH  Hcaly  ]>ortioii,  im'tndin({  all 
till'  HpinoiiH  portion,  oxt-ept  a  mar);iiial  l>an(l,unil  the  lowt-r  half  of  thonoft 
tlorsiil  Ih  Itlue,  the  H(;ali>H  Huaicrly  l)ein){  margined  liy  In-own  ;  (he  other  tinH 
:iie  colorloHH,  extept  the  margin  of  the  anal,  which  Ih  dark.  The  HpccieH, 
with  advancing  age,  Iomih  the  inteimity  of  the  Idiie  aliove,  Init  the  ((dor 
Hpreada  downward  faintly,  and  Is  pereoptildo  on  all  the  hchIch  except 
llit>.se  of  the  alnlomen  and  hinder  ))ortion8  of  the  cantlal  vediincle.  The 
lijiie  on  the  u|riioi'  Hiiiface  of  the  head  and  the  preorbital  linally  lieeomeH 
(ililitcnited,  Itnt  the  Herien  on  the  infraorbital  chain  and  the  bar  behind 
the  ninxillary  remain,  while  the  opcrcle  aHsnmeH  bine  dotH.  The  tins 
aJNO,  OHpecially  the  ventral  and  anal,  liuvo  become  dnnky.  *  *  ' 
(  (iliiratiou  qnito  ])ocnliar  in  the  ^radnal  spreading  of  the  bine,  while  it 
hocomes  fainter  at  the  Name  time  with  ago." 

racitic  coast  of  tropical  America  from  Ca])e  San  Lncas  to  Panama;  the 
young  abundant  in  rock  jiooIh,  with  Ku\Htmarcnirn»  JlariluliiH,  with  which 
it  has  been  confounded.  A  beautiful  fmh  (named  for  Spencer  rnllertun 
llaird). 

riiiiiacentrus  hiiirdU,  diu.,  rnic.  Ac.  Nut.  Scl.  I'liiln.  18(12,  140,  Cape  San  Lucas.     (Coll. 

XiintiiH.) 
Mii'i-iispitthotlon  fc«ir(/u,  tJoROAN,  FihIh-h  «I'  Siiiiilua,  in  I'ror.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  ISU.'i,  I7B,  |il.  4a. 


1»S<).  MI<'K(tSI>ATIIOI><>\  CIIRYSIIItlTS  (CiiviiiX  Vale  ik  itnneH). 

Depth  2J  in  total  length  with  caudal;  eye  3A  in  head.  D.  XI,  15;  A. 
II.  in.  Ilodyoval;  forehead  broad  and  depressed;  nuixillary  reaching  to 
the  nostril;  teotli  below  twice  as  large  as  those  above,  ('olor  blackish 
lirown,  the  fins  darker,  excepting  the  caudal,  which  is  entirely  orange; 
round  spots  of  cobalt  blue  around  the  eyes,  on  the  nap(\  and  .sometimes 
on  the  back  and  scales  of  the  dorsal  iin.  (I'oey.)  West  Indies;  known 
from  Cuba  and  St.  Thonuis.  Not  seen  by  us.  (xpvdoi;,  golden;  ovfjd, 
tail.) 

tnnphiilodon  ehrtfitiyus,  CuviKK  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nut.  roi8H.,v,  470,  IrtM,  St.Thomas ; 

(ii'NTlIKK,  Civt.,  IV,  57,  ISfi'J. 
I'litnucentrui  deneijatitK,  Poey,  MttiiKirisiH,  n,  190,  lK6ii,  Cuba.    (Coll.  Pooy.) 


1P81.  MintONPATilOnON  NIVKAXrs  (Poey). 

Head  about  2f  (3f  in  total) ;  depth  about  2  (2^  in  total) ;  eye 3^  in  head ; 
maxillary  reaching  the  front  of  the  eye;  suborbitals  and  preopercle  with- 
out teeth.    Color  uniform  black  with  large  sky-blue  spots,  the  size  of  a 


m: 


ir»<W  liulletin  ^7,  UniUd  Stales  Xatiounl  Museum. 


Hi'uht,  liko  llaUfMol'  Hiiow,  rr^iiliii'ly  iirntiiiicd  m  siiiull  niiiiilH<r,  Htimt)  20  on 
niirli  hhI«>  mI)ovo  tlio  lioily,  it  It-w  on  tli<>  int«iliiiii  lliis.  S<>«>ii  once  lit  lliiv  .iiki. 
(I'ooy.)  I.on^lli  1'  iiii'hcs.  A  tluiilitl'iil  N|M'cifs,  iippiirriit ty  rt>(')<raliltt  1,, 
MivroufxilliDiluti,  poNHiltl.v  tli«  .voiiii^  of  M.vhriiHiiruH,     {iiivetilim, mutwy.) 

Pomtteentrtiinireatiii,  I'oKY,  Kiiunit'i-iitlii,  |02,  iHTn,  Havana. 


IIIS'J.  Ml(  lt(INl>ATIIOllO\  IMMINAI.IN  (Clll). 

Ifciul  3|;  depth  -'  ill  li'iiylli  I"  tip  of  oiimliil  iiiyH;  «\vo  Ntniill,  hiuh,  2*  in 
)»r«H)i'liitul  wiiltli,  Tt  ill  lioiiil.  I).  Ml,  Iti;  A.  II,  II;  HciiifH  2!),  with  'SJ 
poreH.  Moily  diM^it,  i-oiiiprt>HNt>(l,  tint  iiiipo  hi^Hi  iiinl  coinprcNHe)!,  tlio  tiiiti' 
rior  |)roli]«i  v<M'y  Htrop,  Hli^rlitly  coiiciivo  lu  front  of  orlijtN.  Il^'a*!  vt>iy 
wi(l«'  ami  hnivy  In-low,  tiioiith  wide,  IraiiMvorHt',  its  width  lu'iiily  twite  its 
luturul  (loft,  tlio  iiiiixilliit-y  reai'liin^  veilieiil  iVoiii  midway  hotwoeii  nostril 
and  front  of  (\vt>.  Maxillary  aliiioHt  wholly  Hlippin^  iindt^rthr  Inoad  pre- 
orldtiil,  its  distill  hiilf  Nlronuly  U-shnpi'd,  with  the  convexity  liaekwiiid, 
and  its  niiterior  margin  diHplnyiiiK  a  deep  reentriiiil  eiirve.  Deiitaiy  |)or- 
tioii  of  niandildo  eonHiHtin>;  of  an  iiiitoiior  triUiH\)>r.so  iiortion,  and  tlio  '2 
latural  linilm,  wliieii  foriii  iilioiit  a  ri^ht  aii^le  with  anterior  jiortion,  and  are 
eonvexly  lieiit  toward  median  line.  It  would  niiieh  reHemlde  a  U  with  the 
lateral  liiiihN  eonvux  iiiwanl  instead  of  outward;  aiit«)rior  iiortion  pro 
vidud  with  a  Hin>;le  Korioa  of  rather  firmly  ilxod  elonjratu  inciNor  teeth 
with  triineate  iMl^en;  lateral  teeth  Hiniilar  Init  smalltM';  teeth  in  the  upper 
Jaw  Htronj^ly  compreHHiMl  laterally,  luit  with  the  oxtromu  tip  llatteiied 
antero-iKiHlcriorly,  ho  hh  to  render  them  narrow  inciHor-liku;  very  loosely 
implanted,  extremely  movalde,  and  in  a  HiiiKle  fnin'tional  Heries,  the  teeth 
of  wlii<h  are  rcplaecd  hy  others  whieh  appear  aliove  alon^  front  of  jaw; 
hetweoii  vomer  and  front  of  Jaw  is  a  median  tirm  tleshy  pad,  with  free 
anterior  margins;  a  somewhat  similar  ]iad  at  each  an<r|e  of  inoiith ;  no 
tfttith  on  vomer  or  palatines.  Nostril  minute,  round,  midway  Wetween  front 
of  Jaw  and  middle  of  orhit.  I'reojienle  smooth  or  minutely  erenate  at 
the  angle,  none  of  the  (tones  of  head  serrate  or  s]>inoiis.  (iillH  'AS,  the  inner 
half  of  fourth  ;;ill  tlevelopedaliont  |  len<^tli  of  others;  a  small  hut  evident 
]>«>re  liehind  fourth  gill;  gill  rakers  short  and  weak,  not  toothed,  ahoiit 
20  on  anterior  limh  of  outer  arch;  gill  niemltrancH  forming  a  hroad  told 
across  the  iHthmiis.  Scales  large,  rough,  vertieally  much  deejier  than 
wide,  with  niimeroiiH  small  accessory  scales  at  hase  which  hecome  exceed- 
ingly unmerouH  on  head  and  najie,  where  they  form  a  shagreen-like  cover- 
ing; lateral  line  little  ])roininent,  the  ])ores  opening  on  under  Biirface  of 
scales,  ceasing  under  last  rays  of  soft  dorsal.  P^'ins  t'ntirely  enveloped  in 
scales,  which  are  large  at  hase  of  tins,  becoming  minute  on  soft  portions. 
Dorsal  spines  strong,  regularly  increasing,  the  highest  2,<  in  head;  anal 
spines  strong,  the  second  lint  little  shorter  than  longest  dorsal  spines; 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  tins  conspicuously  falcate,  the  median  rays  of  fins 
produced  beyond  fork  of  cau«lal,  the  anterior  margins  stongly  convex,  the 
posterior  strongly  coiu-ave;  longest  dorsal  and  anal  rays  more  than  .} 
leugth;  caudal  deeply  forked,  the  lolies  also  greatly  falcate,  equaling  in 
length  the  lolies  of  ilorsal  anil  anal;  outer  ventral  rays  produced,  extenil- 


Jordan  tim/  Juurmann. — /""is/us  of  North  Amtnca.     l')<Ml 


Itig  liryoiid  front  of  uiml ;  pmitornlH  nIioiI,  roiiiiil»<l,  rtMicliin^  v«*i'tifnl  from 
\fiit.  Color,  iiiiifonn  Hliity  \\\\w  or  uray,  \\w  Dun  soiin'whiit  tltirUci,  nil  luit 
till)  HpiiioiiH  tloisiil  narrowly  wliitu-inurKiiictl ;  |M^riloiii>iiiii  \\\\V\.  Tli«al>o\e 
Im  iiilfH)  ription  of  adult  iiKliviiliiiilH  (IIioh«<  dt'm  rilioii  as  v\nireH<*), 

Matiiin  iiiiliv  iiliiiilN  of  MiMiillor  hI/o  (a:iiriit>iiiini>i)  \vivn  Imoo  *l)>H<-rilii>*l  »m 
IiiIIowh:  Ill-ad  It;  <l<<ptli  -'.  It.  \II,  Itl;  A.  II,  111;  *>y*<  5  in  lii^ail;  Huoiit 
marly  -;  pct^oml  I '. ;  lii^Oi<!Mt  ilorHal  Hpiim  :t  in  l>o«ly  ;  vttiitnil  '2\  in  l<•n^th; 
inul  lolto  J,*:;  dorNal  IoIk^  I'j  in  body.  Ilody  conipreHHtMl  and  deep;  doiNal 
oiitiiiK'  from  Hiioiit  to  canilal  piMlnmlo  nniforni;  hn-ast  promiiiiMit  and 
Nvt'll  ronnilod,  holiind  wliidi  tin-  v<-ntral  oiitlinr  Im  HtraiKliI  to  anal  Hpiin-, 
ilii'ii  Hliintin;;  oWlii|n«dy  upward  to  lainlul  pi^luix-lo.  Moutli  widt*  with 
ihick  li))s;  t\w  tt'Otli  Hat,  Hliarp.and  inovaldo,  inuHJUKlt*  row  in  rarlijaw', 
ilioso  in  tli<«  upprr  jaw  aru  jirran^od  in  a  cn-Hiont,  in  tli*^  low --r  jaw  tlitiy 
;ii('  in  u  Htrai^ht  lino  in  front,  Itut  at  tlic  Hidi'H  Mioy  d«M<-rilio  neaily  a  ri^lit 
it\\H\*s  und  run  liarK ;  iHtliniuH  with  a  not(di  nuido  by  tho  prondnonn-  of 
ilio  lircaHt.  Tip  of  Huout,  ma\illary,  and  lowor  Jaw  naked;  head  i-vory- 
\vli«!ri)  idHt;  with  H<!al(>s,  thf  HcaUm  on  rlicokH  in  about  '>  ri»WH;  HcalcH  on 
lindy  larjje,  ;i-2K-!»;  all  th(^  linH  with  Mcah's;  arccHHriry  Hcnlett  v«ry  ft'W. 
Liihral  lintt  rnnnin^j;  hi;.;h  and  t'lidiu);  und(^r  last  lay  of  Hoft  doiHal ;  ^ill 
i:ik«us  niiiiKM'ouM,  Hhort,  and  weak,  about  r>-|-LM.  I'ortoral  short  and 
lonnibMl  at  th«^  tip;  vontralH  with  iidddb^  rays  produced,  I'A  timiH  vt-ntral 
si>inu,  reaching'  past  viMit  to  anal;  HpinouH  dorHal  low;  with  the  exc(>]ition 
ul'  the  tlrnt  tho  H))iui>H  are  abcnit  eipial ;  soft  dorHal  and  aiuil  falcate  and 
lihnnentous,  the  doisal  lobo  Hli|;htly  tlie  longer,  not  quite  reaching;  to  tip 
1)1'  caudal  fin;  caudal  wi<lely  forkod,  the  lobes  falcate,  thu  upper  lobe  the 
longer;  th«  middle  rays  are  contained  ',ik  i'liuvH  in  the  uppor  caudal  bibo. 
Ill  lifo,  dee])  indijj;o  bine,  with  traecH  of  olivaceifUH  (^rosH  hIuuIoh;  ])ect<tral, 
dorsal,  and  caudal  cdyod  with  bluish  white;  eycH  violet. 

Tho  yoiinj?  {dorxulin)  nmy  be  described  as  followH:  Head  1^;  depth  If;. 
I).  XII,  1(5;  A.  II,  II;  Hcales  3-2H-10;  eyell;  snout -1} ;  dorsal  lobe  1,',;  cau- 
dal lobe  eiiuals  head  ;  pectoral  1,^, ;  ventral  eipialH  head.  Mody  comprcMsed, 
the  prolilo  rounded,  depressed  before  ey»i  so  that  snout  ])r(»ieets.  (iill 
rakers  nunierous,  very  short,  slender,  dose  8«^t.  I'reorbital  deep.  I'reor- 
bital  and  preoporde  entire.  Teeth  in  several  rows,  movable.  Dorsal 
H|)inos  risin^r  to  the  last,  siibtruncate,  llattened,  each  with  a  brown  vertical 
streak  in  center,  the  soft  rays  and  lottos  of  caudal  much  prodiK^ed,  as  also 
ventral.  Color  in  life,  deep  indigo  blue  on  body  and  tins;  no  ])ale  edgings; 
.3  round  sky-blue  sj)ots  above  lateral  line,  the  one  near  its  bo^rinning, 
anolher  under  front  of  s]iinuus  dorsal,  tho  third  under  last  spine,  the  first 
smallest,  the  other  two  as  larj^e  as  pupil;  a  larger  sky-blue  saddle  in  axil 
of  solfc  ray;  head  with  many  sky-blue  spots  everywhere,  those  on  preor- 
liital  and  suborbital  coalescing  iu  a  blue  streak;  another  streak  behind 
angle  of  month,  and  another  above  eye,  nostrils,  throat,  and  snout;  axil 
sky-blue,  a  bar  of  sky-blue  across  end  of  snout;  angle  of  mouth  sky-blue. 

The  immature  coloration  is  thus  correctly  <lescribed  by  Dr.  Gill: 

"In  the  young  the  color  of  the  body  is  a  purplish  brown,  varied  with 
blue  on  the  center  of  each  scale,  the  blue  diminishing  on  the  scales  of  the 
tail  toward  tho  lin.     On  each  side  there  is  a  blue  spot  on  the  tirst  scale 


■  f; 


■y 


r'TT7^^T3T»-TT(r:T'*^p»TW!TTi'r»'^"«'fl','  '^Wl  M'l'.^MWfWW 


1570  bulletin  //,  IhiHed  States  National  Museum. 


!i,i1 


■'I 


Si 


# 


I 


ubovc  tlio  liittti'iil  liiKi,  on  the  Hcale  above  tlu;  huvuuUi  uf  the,  lateral  lim 
and  bolow  tho  tonrtb  dorsal  H[)ino,  and  another  on  tho  one  above  the  lif- 
teentii  scale  and  btdow  tlu;  eleventh  or  twelfth  spine;  on  the  tail,  behind 
tho  (b)rHal  fin.  there  is  a  transverse  dark  band,  bordered  in  front  l»,v  blue. 
The  head  above  has  2  blue  linos,  1  on  eaeh  side,  running  from  and  decurved 
over  the  eye  behind  tho  orbit.  The  forehead  is  indistinctly'  marked  witli 
blue  in  the  center  of  each  scale;  and  on  the  nape  there  are  2  obloujir  blur 
spots  on  each  side.  A  continuous  blue  line  is  continued  from  the  side  i>i 
the  sn<»ut  along  the  suborbital  <-hain,  and  unites  with  the  line  decurrent 
behind  tho  orbit.  IJehind  the  end  of  the  supraniaxillary  there  is  n  verticjil 
Iduo  bar.  The  scales  on  the  cheeks  and  opercula  are  spotted  with  blue 
in  the  center.  Lips  immaculate  brown.  The  dorsal  (in  on  its  scaly  por 
tiou  is  similar  to  the  buck;  the  anal  has  a  blue  spot  at  the  base  of  its  lani 
rays,  and  its  front,  like  tho  outer  edge  of  the  ventral  lin,  is  blue.  The 
pectoral  inside  has  also  u  blue  line  across  the  base  of  tho  u])per  rays 

"As  tiie  fish  advances  in  age  tho  blue  on  the  centers  of  the  scales  fades, 
and,  finally,  the  color  of  the  whole  body,  as  well  as  the  scaly  portions  oi' 
the  fins,  becomes  a  purplish  brown ;  but  the  spots  on  the  scales  above  tlir 
first,  seventh,  and  fifteenth  [sixteenth]  scales  of  the  lateral  line  remain, 
as  does  also  the  one  bordered  before  by  the  blue  m  the  rear  of  the  dorsal 
fin.  The  coloration  on  the  head  Himply  becomes  fainter,  and  the  lines 
narrower  and  somewhat  interrupted.  The  fins  are  uniform  and  spotless, 
except  the  pectoral,  which  retains  the  transverse  bar  Avhich  was  assumed 
in  its  yoTith.  This  species,  in  its  young  state,  was  formerly  described  ys  a 
I'omacciiirHt,,  the  preoperculum  having  a  scilloped  apjiearance,  produced 
l»y  the  muciferous  ducts  and  their  'v  "uths,  and  thus  simulating  tho  ser- 
rature  of  young  I'omaceulruH,  misl  ading  Dr.  Giinther  as  well  as  myself, 
"specially  as  it  had  the  coloration  and  form  of  a  Vomave»tru8.  The  border 
in  the  old  is  not  so  much  exi)osed,  and  is  peifectly  entire,  while  tho  pre- 
orbital  has  gained  in  elevation  at  tho  expense  of  the  eye.  The  uniform 
color  of  the  body  is  also  in  strong  contrast  to  the  variegated  sides  and 
fins  of  the  young." 

Length  12  inches.  I'acilic  coast  of  America,  from  Cape  San  Lucas  to 
Panama;  known  from  Cape  San  Lucas,  Mazatlan,  tho  L*evillagigeth> 
Islanila,  and  Panama,     (ilorsalin,  pertaining  to  the  back.) 

lljiptypopi  dormlis,  Gux,  Proc,  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiila.  1802,  147,  Cape  San  Lucas.    (Coll. 

Xautus.) 
I'omacentniii  f/ucdrijfvtta,  Gn.h,  Proc.   Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  Pliila.  1862,  149,  Cape  San   Lucas, 

y<)un>i  (('oil.  Joliii  XaiituH);  GCnthek,  Cat.,  iv,  27,  18(i2;  Joudan  vV  Gii.bkut,  Proc. 

U.  S.  Nat.  ilu.s.  1882,  3f)(J  and  :t77 
Microspatliodon  cinciriig,  Gii.beht,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1890,  71,  Clarion  and  Socorro 

islands.    (CoU.  Alhatross.) 
Miciiisjtathnihtn  azurisn'nnvs,  Jordan  &  Starks,  in  Jordan,  Fishes  of  Sinaloa,  in  Proc. 

Cal.  Ac.  !;'ci.  1895,  478,  |>1.  44,  Venados  Islands,  nea-  Mazatlan.    (Types,  Nos.  1010,  IGliO, 

and  2895,  L.  S.  Jr.  Tniv.  Mu.s.    Coil.  Hopkins  Exp<'..  to  Mazatlan.) 
I'oiiKttaprion  dorsalis,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.  1803,  216. 
Mic.rospathndon  dorsalig,  Joudan,  Fislics  of  Sinaloa,  477,   1895;  Jordan  \-  Evehmann, 

Check- List  Fishes,  411, 1896. 
Microgjiathodov  dorsalis  azurissimug,  Jordan  Sc  Evermann,  I. «.,  411. 
ifxcrosjmthodon  dorsalis  cinereus,  Jobuan  Sc  Evermann,  I.  c,  411. 


I 


Jordan  and  Rvcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1571 


Suborder  PIIAliVN(^OGNATlII.* 
(The  Labiioid  Fishes.) 


liOwor  pharyngeals  fully  niiitfd;  nostrils  double;  }•>'•*»  3J,  with  no  slit 
1p,  hind  thi)  last.  Ventral  fins  thoracic,  each  with  one  spine  and  live  rays; 
iliirsal  and  anal  spines  not  very  strong;  scales  Avoakly  ctenoid  or  cycloid; 
ill  other  respects  essentially  as  in  the  rvrvmdea.  Species  mostly  of  the 
hopical  shores;  most  of  them  large  fishes  of  strong  dc^ntition  and  bright 
colors,  {^dfjvyi,  pharynx;  yvaOo^  jaw,  from  the  large  jaw-like 
liliaryngeals.) 

/(.  Lower  pJiaryngcals  T-8liaped  or  Y-sliaptid,  tlicir  toctli  conical  or  tubercular;  teeth  in 
jawrt  usually  not  continent.     Speciett  carnivorous;  tlio  Hexes  often  (liHHiniilar. 

Laurid.k,  clx. 
iia.  Lower  pharyngeals  more  or  less  spoon-shaped  or  basin-shaped,  their  teeth  broadest 
transversely  and  truncate,  arranged  in  niosaic;  teeth  in  Jaws  more  or  less  per- 
fectly continent,  forming  a  sort  of  beak;  anal  spines  2;  dorsal  spines  <J;  scales 
very  large,  22  to  25  in  lateral  line;  vertebral  10  or  11  |- 14  ^ 24  or  25.  S])eci('s 
herbivorous;  the  soxes  colored  alike.  ScAKm^;,  clxi. 

Family  CLX.  LAHRTIU'Lt 


1 :;  5 


(The  Wkas.sk-Fishk.s.) 


Hody  oblong  or  elongate,  covered  with  cycloid  scales;  lateral  line  well 
developed,  continuous  or  interrupted,  often  aiiguli),rly  bent.  Mouth  mod- 
date,  terminal ;  prcmaxillaries  protriictile;  maxillaries  withcmt  supple- 
iiiciital  bone,  slipping  under  membranaeeous  edge  of  tlie  jueorbital; 
anterior  teeth  in  the  jaws  usually  very  strong  and  canine-like;  teeth  of 
the  jaws  separate  or  soldered  together  at  base,  not  forming  a  coutiiniiiiiM 
](].•' te;  no  teeth  on  vomer  ov  palatines;  lower  pharyngeals  eompletely 
united  into  one  bone,  without  median  suture,  this  bone  T-shaped  or 
Y-shaped,  its  teeth  conical  or  tubercular.  Lips  thick,  longitudinally 
plicate.  Nostrils  round,  with  2  openings  on  eaih  side.  Ihusal  iin  con- 
tiiiuous,  the  spinous  portion  usually  long,  its  spines  rather  slender,  ;{  to  '20 
in  number,  anal  similar  to  soft  dorsal,  with  2  to  (J  spiii(is.  Veutials 
thiuacic,  I,  5,  inserted  below  the  pectorals  (Hi(id  to  be  subjugular  in 
M(tlacocenii-Ufi).  Hranchiostegals  5  or  (5;  psntdobraueliiie  well  developed; 
gills  ;?.},  the  slit  behind  the  last  areh  small  or  obsolete;  gill  membranes 
somewhat  connected,  sometimes  joiurd  to  the  uarrow  isthmus.  Air 
bladder  present;  nO  jiyloric  cteca.     Genera  GO,  species  450,  chielly  of  the 


I'rofessor  Coi)o  regards  this  suborih<r  as  the  n\ost  sjM'eializcd  or  "highest''  in  tlio 
tjroiip  of  lishos.  Tlio  speciali/.ation  nf  the  L;ibroid8  is,  liowivor.  reducible  to  2  or  '.i 
rliaraclers,  tho  specialization  of  the  pliaryugeal  boneM,  the  •liWn,  anil,  in  general,  of  the 
pigment  cells.  In  general,  they  are  not  le.ss  generalized  tliiin  I  lie  iiia.joijty  of  the 
Acitnthnpten,  and  they  do  not  depart  so  widely  from  I  lie  usual  it  .li  t.\  pe  as  do  the  I'nl- 
'i-iilnti,  I'lectnynatlii  or  Ifi'teroinnnttd. 

\  Koi-  synonymy  and  descriptions  of  the  species  of  this  family  of  flsluis  see  "  A  \v\  iew 
111  the  labroiii  ttshes  of  America  iiiul  Kurope,'  by  David  Starr  .lord;iii,  in  Report  1.  S. 
1  ish  Comm.foi  1887,  599-699,  pis.  i-xi,  tirst  published  August  20,  1891. 


I       'v    'i 


if  I 


■      in 

■  '     i-  ' 

!   •  ! 


I  ,- 


T'»T™-'7-mr»'7fT'^'  VaF  W^PW*" 


if 


1572 


/in/lrtin  77,  Jhiitcd  States  National  Miiscufn. 


-'J . 


tropical  si-iis,  liviiij;  iiniona  rocks  or  keljt.  Many  i)f  them  are  lirilliimtly 
colored,  iiiul  somo  are  valued  as  food-fish.  Most  of  thom  feed  ni)on  niol- 
liisks,  the  dpiitition  being  adapted  for  cnishiiig  shells. 

The  /.iihi  inn  nri'  the  most  genorali/od  forms,  well  distiiignished  froiiitli.. 
otliers  hy  their  greater  nimiW^r  of  vertebra',  a  character  associated  witli 
the  gtMlej  number  of  «loi!*al  spines  and  with  their  northern  habitai. 
These  j:re  the  only  l.abroids  ])roperly  belonging  to  tlm  North  Temper;i(( 
/.one,  and  all  but  'J  of  the  species  are  Enronean. 

The  Mahtpleritia  .<«H'ni  to  be  allied  to  the  /.uhrintr,  although  they  iiiii\ 
belong  to  some  other  fan>ily.  The  number  of  vertebne  has  not  l>ei  n 
counted  in  a  single  known  species.  They  belong  to  the  South  Tomi»er:ilr 
Zone,  and  dillcr  from  the  Lithriua  in  having  most  of  the  dorsal  spines 
re|»laced  by  soft  rays. 

The  Ilorpiiia  are  allied  to  the  T^ahrhur,  but  are  chielly  tropical  lishus 
with  a  reduced  number  of  vertebra'  and  spines.  Close  to  th»5  llorpiiui  is 
the  lall  sul)laniily  Cleptirhor,  distinguished  by  the  litth;  deveio])nit'!il 
of  t..    jaws  and  pharyngeals  and  by  the  corresjionding  fe(d)le  dentition. 

The  .Inlidhitv  are  t\w  most  abundant  of  the  tropical  Labroids,  brilllMiii 
little  fishes,  abounding  about  banks  and  reefs,  and  having  the  vertebr.i 
reduced  to  the  normal  number  10-f  14  =--24,  and  the  dorsal  spines  to  aboiil 
!>.  The  Xijrichlhjiimv  are  an  otVshoot  of  the  JiiHdhnv,  with  the  beail  inon 
or  less  modified  and  the  lateral  line  imomph  te. 

The  Sraridir  are  hero  placed  in  a  distinct  family.  They  have  the  nnriM;il 
nnmbcr  of  vertebr.e  and  of  si)iue8.  Their  pharyngeal  bones  and  teeth  aic, 
however,  modified  in  a  very  singular  way,  and  they  nnist  be  regarded  us 
forming  the  most  specialized  type  of  rharyngognathi,  the  suborder  to 
which  the  Labroids  belong. 

The  general  rule  that  marine  fishes  found  in  temporato  regions  have  an 
increased  number  of  vertebra'  is  well  shown  in  this  grmip.     The  foiiuw 
ing  table  shows  the  uumbtsrs  of  \ertebra'  as  given  by  Drs.  (Jiinther  and 
.Jordan  in  the  species  examiiU'd  by  them: 


Labrns  viridis,  20  +  21--^  II. 
Labrus  bimaculatus,  IH  -f  21      Mit. 
Labi  us  livens,  18  +  20 1=:  iW. 
L.ibrus  l>erggylta,  lit  +  19  r^: 38. 
Tautogolabrns  ads))er8us,  17-J-19 

:i6. 
Acantholabrus  palloni,  18 -f  IS      ;u;.  ,  .lulls  Julis,  11  -|-  ll=;25. 


llaliclneres  nigrescens,  10 -f  15 ^^2 
llcmitantoga  hortulanus,   10 -(-15: 

25. 
Thalassoma  ]>avo,  11  4  11 
Thalassonui  lunare,  11  -f-  M  - 
Thal.'issonni  dorsale,  1 1  -{-  14 


rr:-  9:1 


--  S,t. 


Odax  balteatus  (.\nf arctic),  19  + 17 

=:66. 

Tantoga  onitis,  1(5  +  18-=3L 
Ctencdabrns  suillus,  15-}-  18=: 33. 
Crenilabrns  nicloi)s,  15  -f- 18=:  33. 
Crenilabrus  tinea,  15  +  18  =  33. 
Crenilabrns  oci  llaris.  It  +  18  —  32. 
Crenilabrus  cinereus,  14  +  17— -31. 


.lulls  aflantica,  11  +  14=25. 
Coris  aygula,  11  +  14-25. 
fjiuntheri;i  frimaculata,  10  + 15:^:^:2 
Psendolabrus  psittaculus,  9  +  1(1 

25. 
Pseiubdabrus    laticlavins,   9  +  1(1 

25. 
Gomphosus  trictdor,  t+  15  =  24. 


■■  # 


Jordan  aud  fivcrwann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1573 


SvmpboduH  Hciiiii,  \\\  )  1H^^31. 

(  riiiilubiua  iiiediteiiiUKMiH,   IIJ  +  17 

.CO. 
l.iiobnoliiimns    maxiinus,    12  +  17—^ 

L'!t. 
l)i;istiMl(.ii  Hcrolii,  11  +  17  —  I'H. 
hi.isi.  (loll  hirsiitus,  11  -f-  17    -L'8, 
Aiiaiiiprtt'S    CdTiiltiopiiiictiitiiB,    11 -f 

1  )ii\ lUii'riii  iiiiii;;;iiriii,  10  -f- 15  —  25. 


I'snuloliihruH    rclidotus,    10-|-13-^ 

23. 
XyrichlliyH  injU!i()l«'i»i<lotii«,  l()-f-l5 

-^25. 
Xyrichthys  iiovuciilii,  9+  16  —25. 
Ciieiliims  fasciutiKs,  10 -f  13=^23. 
I)cco(U,ii  iHioUiiiis,  12 -I- 16-^28." 
Clt'pticus  panii',  10+17-27. 
Ch«'iliiius  tiilol)utii8,  10+  13   --2;s. 
yparlHoma  cn'teiisc,  11  +  11 25. 


As  ill  most  otli«r  laifjc  j;roii|)8  then-  Iuih  lioeu  shown  couHidorublc  (UtVer- 
I  lice  111"  opinion  iiH  to  tlie  cbaractcrs  Avbich  Hbould  btr  used  in  <lividiu{;  llic 
I  iliroids  into  K''"«''"-  Abe  tendency  with  all  recent  writers  has  been 
Inward  a  latlior  minute  snbdiviBioii.  The  niinibcrH  of  verlebr.i-  seem  to 
II-  to  yiebl  ebaraiters  of  the  bi;;best  importance.  Otiior  ebaracters  not  to 
\\y  ilegloi'teil  ciiii  bo  draw  n  from  the  si/e  of  the  scales,  the  numbers  of  tbc^ 
({(irHiil  spin(!s,  and  (be  dentition.  The  dejrree  of  8(|uamatiou  of  tlio  lioad 
^11^1118  to  UH  to  have  an  importance  lower  tiian  that  atlribiited  to  it  by 
lihekor  and  (Uintber,  but  it  may  l»o  used  for  {Generic  subdivision. 

I    liiir.sal  Njiiue.s  8  ur  mure,  iiHiially  well  (llHtiugiiiHlied  rnim  tlie  Hot't  riiyH;  iiiial  spiiicH 
•J  to  0. 
I.AIIUIN.K: 
''.  VerteSne   and   .u.rsiil   spiucs  in   iucrea.4('(l   iiiiinlicr,  vcTtclirii'   aixtut  .'iC  (15  t-18  to 
20  +  21);  (1  )r3al  M])iiicM  It  to  21 ;  anal  H|iiii(,'.s  li  to  0,  all  tlin  .Hjiiues  i)M'ij;cnt ;  ante- 
rior cauiii  \s  1;  no  jiostcrior  caniin's;   lati.Tal  linn  <i)in|ili'ti';    caudal  tin  novci 
forked;  species  of  northern  waters,  riirely  tropical,  nioHt  of  tiicni  /''nropean. 
c.  Anal  .spines  4  to  (i;  dor.sal   .spines  10  to  21;  clieeks  and  oirtcIcs  .scaly;  scales 
ratlier  lar;;<';  prcojicnli'  serrate. 
(/.  Teelli  small,  ill  a  .sin^ile  series;  nioiilli  sniiiU;  dor.sal  tin  nearly  scaleless. 

Ci;NHi<ii,.\Hin  s,  (127. 

cf.   Anal  spines  'i.     Teetli  in  more  than  one  series. 

('.   Treopercle  serrate;  ojiercles  scaly;  scales  modi  rale;  interoin^rcie  naketl; 

snout  n.)t  especially  produced.  TAUKiiiniAiuirs,  (i2'j. 

(•(!.  I'roojiercle  entire;    opcrcles   naked:    scales   siikMI:    interoperclc  naki  d ; 

snout  blunt.  T.mtoga,  WJ. 

\Ai.  Vcrtehne  iiiid  dorsal  spines  not    in    uieally   increased   nmnliers;  vertel)ra' 22  to  29; 

dorsal  sjiines  8  to  13;  anal  sjiiii's  2  or  I!;  species  of  (roiiic;d  or  siiiiti'ojii<'ai  seas. 

/.  Vertoliiu!  27  to  29  (so  far  as  known) ;  dorsal  spines  usually  12  (II  to  14) :  sides 

of  head  more  or  Ic;  s  scaly ;  preopiTclo  sernilato  or  entire. 


"  It  will  be  evident  that  in  t.iose  ;,',enera  whicli  are  oompnsed  entirely  or  for  the  most 
pint  of  trojiical  spcciea,  the  vertebral  cohinin  is  coniiiosed  of  24,  or  nearly  24,  vcrtebr;c, 
while  those  which  are  cliielly  confined  to  tin.'  temperate  seas  (d'  tlie  Noi  I  hern  or  Sonther/i 
llcMiispbent  have  that  nunibcr  increased  in  the  abdominal  anil  (  aiuhil  portions.''  (Oiin 
tliiT.  Cat.,  IV,  1)5).  'I'bis  increase  in  the  niiniberof  vertebrin  in  the  northern  tiffins  has 
licon  used  as  a  basis  of  the  classilicatioii  of  the  I'li'iirttttccliiliv.  by.Iordan  .njd  'ipH.s,  tif  llic 
Sciirpieniihi'.  Ii.\  .lordaii  and  tiilbert,  and  it  will  doubtless  prov(^  to  havt!  a  high  value  |() 
I  lie  subdivision  of  other  lainilies  which  have  rei)resentative8  in  dirte-eiit  /.iilll  H  The 
cause  (d  this  pei  Mliarity  <d'  lishes  of  cold  waters  is  still  obscure.  I'robably  the  redficiion 
in  II limber  of  segment;*  is  aresult  of  the  specialization  ofstriudure  incident  to  the  Hhiirner 
I  iiiiipetitioii  ot  the  tropical  waters,  wli'ire  the  ontsidt  conditions  of  life  art?  very  favofalde 
I'm-  tislies,  but  the  struggle  of  apuuiea  uguiust  sjtocies  in  most  severe.    (Jordan,) 


■imiit 


I 


'»!  .«.,i»lf«WW|WT'W«pH»,V»ll""ii|?  ^i.^'AVVm 


1574  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  I\fi(senni. 


hi.;- 


p 

'!»- 


ii5 


4. 


IlARI'INiK: 

y.  Autrrior  canines  Htronjt;  lowor  pliaryn^oaU  \M-^i.\  with  larp:e,  tiilicnulMr 
tuolli;  H|)ini>uH  (loraal    not  (<nvt*lo|i<'«l    in  hviiIuhi  lo\v(^r  jiiw  niiliiii; 
HpecieH  niOHtly  uf  lar^n  Hi/.o  uutl  bright  coloration,  inhuhitiug  Hctni 
tropiral  houh. 
/(.  Dorsnl  xpint'H  alioiit  14,  tlio  3  or  4  anterior  falcate,  proiluced  in  Inn;; 
Hln-anitTH;  Itody  deep  and  cuiiipreHSod,  tin-  anterior  prolile  >>,\w\>; 
tuetli  iiniBorial;  no  posterior  canine;  elieolca  and  operules  hciiIn - 
ImHeH  of  Hoft  dorHal  and  anal  Hcalyj   soft  parts  of  vtTtieal  tins 
produced;  scales  nioilerate  (40).  Laciinui^aimi's,  (iiin. 

hh.  Dorsal  npincH  11  or  12  (rarely  \'i),  noncof  tlieni  iiroduccd  inlllanu'iil .; 
cheeks  and  opercles  scaly;  Iwdy  oblong;  tjie  back  not  KHiiilv 
elevated. 
I.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  Itus  oacii  with  a  scaly  slieatli  at  I)a8e ;  Hcal<  > 
lar^e  (about  1)2) ;  posterior  canine  present, 
j.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  elevated,  produced  behind. 

Haki'e,  fi:!i. 

ti.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  without  sheath  of  scales;  preo]iercle  hci-- 

rulate  (at  least  in  young) ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  more  or  Itsu 

falcate. 

*.  Scales  larjrc,  about  30;    lower  linil>  of  preopercle  scaly; 

posterior  canine  present ;  anterior  canines  ■}. 

Dkcjodon,  c;ii:. 
kk.  Scab's  moderate  or  snuiU,  45  (o  00;  both  limbs  of  i)reo]i(r 
cle  naked;  adult  male  >vith  a  tlesby  huni]>  on  llj< 
forehead;    caiulal  subtruncate,  with  the  angles  luor.. 
or  less  produced. 
I.  Posterior  canines  i)resent;  anterior  canines  j ;  dorsiil 
spines  12. 
m.  Scales  small,  about  CO  in  lateral  lino. 

riMELoMETOi'oN,  (i:;;). 

CLEPTK'lNiK: 

<jij.  Anterior  teeth  small,  bluntish,  not  canine-like;  no  posterior  caninr; 
mouth  very  small,  terminal;  snout  short  and  blunt;  dorsal  and  :in;il 
enveloped  in  si^alcs,  except  produced  tips  of  both  fins;  caudal  deeiily 
forked;  dorsal  spines  almost  hiddeu  by  series  of  scales ;  liead  every- 
where closely  scaled,  except  on  lii)s  and  snout ;  scales  of  Iwdy  laruc; 
l)reoperclo  serrulate;  aiW  rakers  slender,  short;  jjcctoral  falcat(^; 
lower  jiliaryn^ceals  very  small,  Y-shaped,  their  teeth  small,  very 
blunt  and  coalescont;  vertebnu  10  -f- 17=;  27;  dorsal  spines  12. 

C'i.Ei'ricus,  C;i4. 
ff.  Vertebral  23  to  26;  dorsal  spines  8  or  9;  anterior  canines  strong,  2  to  4  on  eiicli 
side  in  each  .jaw;  head  mostly  naked;  iireopercle  entire.    Species  of  tlie 
Tro]iics,  mostly  of  small  size  and  liriglit  coloration. 
JULIDIN^: 
n.  Lateral  line  complete  and  continuous. 

o.  Snout  not  tubiform;  preopercle  entire;  teeth  uuiserial ;  none  of  tlie 
teeth  chisel-shaped. 
p.  Cheeks  and  opercles  naked. 

7.  Scales  large,  25  to  30  in  the  lateral  line;  anal  spines  2  or  II. 
r.  Dorsal  spinesO;  dor.sal  enlarged,  without  scaly  shciilli ; 
scales  of  breast  not  enlarged. 
«.  Anterior  canines  all  normal   m  position;  low. 
pharyngeals  T-shaped,  with  numerous  teeth: 
anal  spines  3. 
t.  Posterior  canine  well  developed  on  both  sides; 
dorsal  siiines  pungent;  anterior  canines  -. 

IltlDio,  63ri. 


!;ifc:. 


Bulletin  ./7,  I  'nilid  Stales  National  Museum.  1576 


((.  I'«mt<>ri<ir  caiiinoH  wanting  or  rodiK^ml  to  n 
sli;;hl  rndinxMit. 
V.  AntiiriorciinincB  I ;  (IofmiiI  npinenHlnnihtr 
liiit  pungent.  K.mmkkkia,  *i:iii. 

Ml/.  Anti^riiir  t'liiiincH ';. 

V.  DorH;il    spinnH    Hlnndor    iind    very 
llexiWld;  body  vt^ry  slondiT. 

(»XY,lt'l.l8,  (i;i7. 

vo.  OorHal  Hpiu«>H  piin;;«nt. 

Jri.iDio,  fl;w. 
uuu.  Anterior  caninoH  \  \  tlorHiil  xpineii  pun- 
gent. I'SKUIKUrMH,  «W1). 
rr.  DorHnI  spini^H  8;  iiii  pouterior  ciniines;  anterior  (^anincti 
},  niirnial  In  ixmition;  a  low  Hlicatli  of  HcaliiH  at  baHO 
ot'tlerHal;  dorHnl  spiuus  punp^nt;  anal  spinus  'i, 
n(!vor  2.                                           CliiiOKlciiTHYS,  640. 

XYHICHTHYIN/K: 

nil.  Lateral  liuo  intrrrnplod  ]>ostnrior1y,  be<;inniug  again  on  the  htvel  of  tlio 

axis  of  llitt  body,  on  tlie  caudal  pudiinclo;  Hcalox  lar;;<\  21)  to  ISO  in  tlio 

lateral  lino;  dorsal  spinoH  9;  anal  spincH  ^;  anterior  caninoH  J. 

(11.  Posterior  canine  present;  snout  slender,  tho  anterior  ])rotUe  not 

convex;  clieeks  and  oporclea  scaly;  dorsal  spines  jinn^fnt,  the 

three  anteri<>.  lon;;er  and  with  fllanientouH  ajipenila^cs;  dorsal 

and  anal  with  a  scaly  sheath;  scales  very  large. 

DOUATONOTUS,  <i41. 

WW.  T'osterior  canine  nont< ;  anterior  i)rofile  more  or  less  convtjx;  head 

naked,  except  usually  a  few  scales  below  the  eye;  body  more 

or  less  strongly  compressed;  ventrals  thoracic,  inserted  below 

th(i  pectorals. 

X.  S(^ale8  very  large,  about  20  in  the  lateral  line,  which  Is  ]daced 

on  tlie  first  row  of  large  scales  below  th<   dorsal  sheath; 

anterior  dorsal  spines  not  detached;  head  not  trenchant 

above.  Xyuii.a,  fil2. 

XX.  Scales  large,  abnut  20  in  the  lateral  line,  which  is  jilaced  on 

the  st^cond  row  of  large  scales  below  the  dorsal  sheath. 

y.  First  two  dorsal   spines  joined   by  membrane  to  tiie 

others,  and  inserted  nearly  above  base  of  pectorals. 

z.  Upper  anterior  profile  of  head  not  trenchant,  the 

curvr  of  head  not  ])arabolic;   the  cheeks  not 

very  deep.  NovAfULiciiTHY.'i,  04:{. 

zz.  Upper  anterior  profile  of  head  sharply  trenchant 

its  curve  parabolic;  cheeks  very  deep,  the  eye 

near  upi)er  profile.  XviuciiriiYs,  644. 

1/1/.  Kirst  two  dorsal  spines  detached  from  the  others  iind 

iu.serted  on  or  close  behind  tin;  occiput. 

iNIISTIL'S,  045. 

627.  CENTROLABRUS,  (aintlicr. 


.  s 


(IvocK  Cooks.) 

VenirnlahruK,  Gf'NTHER,  Cat.  Fish.  Jirit.Mus.,iv,  92, 1802  (exoli'lu*\. 

Body  obloug,  oovcied  with  nioderi>te-8i7,«'d  scales;  chcoks  and  operclfis 
scaly;  preoptMclo,  sorrate;  tectli  iu  a  siugle  scries;  month  small;  dorsal 
liii  ueurly  scaleloss;  anal  spines  4  to  6;  dorsal  S])ine8  K!  to  21.  This  genus 
contains  2  or  3  species,  found  on  the  coasts  of  Europu,  one  of  them  rang- 
ing farther  to  the  north  than  any  other  Labroid  liah.  (/rfVrpo?',  spine; 
Labrus,  au  allied  geuus). 


:».i 


f^\ 


157G 


liiilU'tin  fy,  I  'ni/rd  Sfafcs  Malioual  Museum. 


1»M8.  t'K.M'UOI.AItltrs  IXOI.KTIS  ( Liiiiiii  iim) 


il 


Vi 


(IJncK   Cook.) 

lIciKltA;  depth  ;U.  D.  X  VII  to  XX,  (5;  A.  V,  7  oiS;  scaliss  :5-:{:i-U).  1J...1\ 
rather  rohiiNt;  tho  Niioiit  of  inoduruto  h  ^th,  iiboiit  KA  in  huiul;  iihuiiIi 
vory  snmll,  its  cleft  reiicliiug  Imroly  luilfv  y  to  front  of  eyo;  i-ye  ratlici 
laryo;  dorsal  Hpincs  low,  tho  Hoft  rays  hoiiu  ,\  hat  hiyhcr,  lint  lower  lliim 
the  iinal;  caudal  roiinilcd.  Thrco  rows  of  H<alc8  on  cheok.  Color  ri(  li 
hrown,  tho  sidon  Hhadud  with  yellow;  narrow  yellow  lines  alonj;  tlic  rows 
of  scales;  a  dark  spot  on  eye  above;  2  blue  bands  from  eye  to  anj.Mc  of 
month,  and  2  more  across  prcopercle;  no  black  spot  beliin<l  eye;  a  dull 
bluish  mark  on  oporcle;  fins  yollowish  silvery ;  a  line  of  dark  marks  jiloiin 
8])iuonH  dorsal;  caudal  with  a  black  base  and  a  wiiito  outer  marju^in. 
(Day.)  (Joasts  of  northern  Europe,  south  to  Cornwall;  abundant  in  Xm 
way;  said  by  Kabricius  to  range  occasionally  westward  to  (ireenland  ;  tlu' 
most  arctic  of  all  species  of /vfl/xirfrr.  ((,r«/c/i(x,  anti«|uated;  said  to  be  in 
allusion  to  the  anomalous  number  of  5  spines  in  the  anal.) 

Lahrxis  cxvletus,  LiNN.KUS,  Sj-«t.  Nat.,  Kd.  x,  2K7, 1758,  Atlantic  Ocean  ;  rAiiKicus,  Faiiii  i 

Gronlaiidica,  100,  1780. 
Lfibnts  pfntaanithun,  L.vcr^'.i'i.UE,  Ifist.  Nat.  roiss.,  m,  50;i,  1H0;1;  after  l,iNNyK(TH. 
(Jrcnilabnin  inicruntdiiia  (Coucii)  'rii(iMi'.><i)N,  I'roc. /ool.  S«h'.  LoikIdii  1H37,  5.'),  Cornwall. 
Acantlmlahins  i:wletu»,  CcviEit  \,  Valkncikn.nes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oi.sn.,  xiii,  'J47, 1H3'J;  C'oi,i,.:i  i, 

Norges  Fiski',  94. 
Ccntrolnhnis  e.rolctii»,  CK'ntuek,  (."at.,  iv,  !»J;  Day,  FLsii.  (It.  ISritaiii,  U07;  Johdan,  Kcviiw 

Labroiil  Fishes,  605,  1800. 


628.  TAUTOGOLABRUS,  (Jiintiier. 


(Cl'NNICItS.) 


Taiituijolahiii.s,  (ii'NTUEii,  Cat.  Fish,  lirit.  Mu.s.,  iv,  80,  IStiU  {hurifull     niliiii'rsvs), 

r>ody  oblong,  not  elevated,  cimipara lively  slender  and  eoinpr<'S8od;  lieail 
moderate,  more  or  less  pointed,  ))ut  the  jaws  not  notably  produced;  teeth 
in  the  jaws  in  several  series,  tlie  outermost  very  strong;  the  teeth  une(|iial, 
conical  and  pointed;  no  posterior  c.ininos.  Checks  with  sniall  8<'ales: 
openles  with  large  ones;  intero])erclcs  naked;  prcopercle  with  the  verti- 
<al  limb  finely  sernited.  Branchiostogfils  5.  (iill  nu)mbranescousideral>l\ 
united,  free  from  the  isthmus;  gill  rakefs  short.  Scales  moderate,  I?.")  to  .')ii 
in  (he  lateral  line;  lateral  lino  continuous,  abruptly  bent  opposite  ))os 
terior  part  of  second  dorsiil;  dorsal  long  and  low,  the  s])iuoiis  ])ortioii 
much  longer  than  the  soft,  of  18  or  lit  low.  sube(]nal,  rather  stioiig  8i>iiics; 
soft  dorsal  slightly  elevated;  anal  fin  similar  to  soft  dorsal,  with  li  stroni: 
graduated  sjtines;  c.iudal  truncate;  jiectorals  short,  the  vcutrals  inserted 
behind  their  axils.  Species  2,  both  American — Taitloijulahma  hraudaoiii" 
from  15ra/il,  and  the  following.  This  genus  is  very  close  to  the  Enropean 
genus  CtcHolahruH,  <litTering  in  the  less  ])erfect  s(|uamatiou  of  the  head  and 
in  the  greater  number  of  dorsal  si»ines  and  vcrtelira-.  {Tautoiju  :  J.abrus, 
related  genera,  from  the  Eutiu  labrmii,  lip). 


Jordan  and  livcrniann. — /''ishcs  of  North  America.      1")77 


W^M.    TAI  roiJOI.AItlirs   VIISI>KltSI  S  (Witlliiiiini). 

(("INNhlt.   ClIiiilsKT;    III. IK   I'EIICII;    Ml.KHAI,!.;    lJi;illl(lVI.r.) 

Ilrad  ;{]  to  3.i;  depth  W  to  :^.  I).  X\  III,  10;  A.  Ill,  II;  KCiil.H  \\-\\\-\'l; 
II  rtolnji- 17+ lU— -U(i;  cyoll  in  lioiul ;  iifctoral  L';  lii<i;lifHt  <loiHiil  H|>iiio 
:',; ;  hijjhest  dorsiil  rays  2;  third  anal  Hpiiie  2\,  Hody  latlicr  ndiiiNt;  head 
liioderatcly  pointtMl,  lunch  loss  obtnNO  than  in  I'aiilttiid  ;  smmt  moderate, 
IdUgtTthan  cyt^;  month  inoilrratc,  maxillary  alxmt  rrachin^  tVont  (it'ityc; 
Ti  caninus  in  I'ront  of  npper.jaw,  altont  I  in  lowrr,  the  teeth  on  sidus  of  juw 
I  II lai'n'in}?  anteriorly ;  bands  of  Hmall  concave  teoth  behind  caiiiiies;  ^jill 
lakers  very  Hhort,  abont  tJ+U;  seah^s  ratln-r  HMiali;  top  ot"  head,  preor- 
liital,  maxillary,  lower  .jaw,  Intoroperele,  and  ))osti'rior  edyt-  of  )»renpercle 
^iiid  opende  naked;  preoperclo  with  aliout  .">  rows  of  small  scales;  opercle 
\uth  I  or  ")  rows  of  larfic^r  ones;  lins  naked.  Color  livid  bine,  shaded  with 
l.rownish  aliovt?  and  with  more  or  less  of  a  brassy  Inster  on  sides;  head 
;md  l)ack  sometimes  spotted  with  brassy;  yonnjj  witli  darker  blotches  and 
markings,  iind  often  a  black  blotch  near  middle  of  dorsal  tin.  Hxtremely 
variable  in  shades  of  coIorati<ni.  This  little  tish  is  exctodinyly  abuntlant 
iibout  rocks  and  wharves  neai'  shore  in  thi^  regions  where  it  is  found.  It 
reaches  a  lenjith  of  abont  10  inches,  beiny  too  small  to  have  nnich  value 
;is  food,  althonjih  its  llesh  is  of  excellent  llavor.  These  fishes,  althoiifrh 
liciformin;;-  a  useful  duty  as  scavenj^ers,  are  a  pest  to  the  lislnirmen  from 
lUeir  habit  of  nibblinj;-  the  bait  from  their  hooks.  Atlantic  <!oasts  of 
North  America,  from  Labrador  t»»  Sandy  lljok.     {nihjH'ruun,  l)esprinkled.) 

lliirijall,  S(an")i'K,  (JcsdUhcIi.  Xutiirl'.  Frennde,  vin,  155,  1788,  New  York. 

l.tibniK  admifi-Hiin,  W'Ai.HAiM,  Ai'tcdi  Piscinin,  :;54,  17it'J;  alter  Ilnryall  of  Snicppi.'. 

hnititi/a  >ii;ic)\  MlTcHll.L.  JUijiorl,  ii>  imrt,  on  tlie  Fislit'S  of  N(n\  Vcirk,  'S^,  ISU,  New  York. 

rtiiiltxja  cwrulea,  ^Irrcini-i,,  Iteijort,  in  ]iart,  Fislics  of  New  Vdi-k,  24,  1S14,  New  York. 

I.ahriin  chotjKct,  MlTCHU.I,,  Traii.'H.  Lit.  and  riiil.  Soc.  N.  Y.,  l,  1815,  402,  pi. !!,  1.2,  New  York. 

Ldhrim  chog^i't/ulva,  Mrn'iiu.i.,  I.  c,  4ii:t,  1815,  New  York. 

<  itnldlinn  uninotatuii,  Cuvihk  &  Vai.encie.nnks,  Hi.st.  Nat.  I'oi.ss.,  xiii.  2;t9.  18;t9,  New 
York;  youiiy:  l)i;  Kay.  Now  York  Fauna;  Fishes,  174,  \A.  2i),  I'.  !)(),  1842;  (ii'NTHER, 
Cat.,  IV,  90,  1802. 

(tiiiolahru.1  huniall.  Gi'NTHEit,  Cat.,  IV,  90,  1802,  Canada. 

i'liiioluhrnscluKjset,  CiviEK  \-  Vai.e.nciknne.s,  Hist.  Nat.  Poi.^s.,  xin,2;!7.  18:t!). 

Ctoiiilaliriis  civruleKS,  1)E  Kav,  Now  York  Fiiniia;  Fislios,  172,  pi.  29,  1'.  9;!,  1842. 

TdutdHulahrusadspersKH,  ]'.i:an,  rroc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  188(i.  87. 

CtoiiiildhniM  adtipersds,  Steauns.  I'roc.  V.  S.  Nat.  .Mils.  188;!,  ]2;{;  .louDAN  \  (ill.liKRr,  Syn- 
opsis, 599,  188:!;  (JoouE.  Nat.  lli.st.  Aiiuat.Anim. ,27a,  1884;  Jorua.n,  Kcvicw  Labroid 
Fishrs,  02;i,  1890. 

629.  TAUTOGA,  Mitchill. 

(TACTOdS. ) 

//('aNf/rt,  La<'EPi:I}E,  Ilisl.Nat.  I'oiss.,  11,  522,  I8OO  (hiatula),  naini'  iin'occiipiid  by  llittfiila, 

Modoei',  1793,  a  yeiius  of  Molhisks. 
lautoga,  Mitchill,  Report,  in  i)art,  F'isli.  Now  A'ork,  2;{,  1814  {tavtofia). 

liody  loufi',  not  elevated  nor  greatly  coiMpressed.     Head  large,  nearly  as 

deej)  as  long,  with  a  convex  profile.     Month  rather  small.     Teeth  very 

strong,  conical,  in  2  series;  the  outer  somewhat  incisor-like;  the  2  anterior 

teeth  in  each  jaw  strong;  the  posterior  teoth  small,  without  canines.     Eye 

3030 22 


v. 


I   .1 


I, 
1.. 

■'    i; 

i . 


ir 


i 


Ji 


1578  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


smiill,  high  ii|».  Ch<'«l<H  with  Hinall  scah-H;  int«ii-o])rrc1»  iitilttMl;  opcrohs 
naked,  oxccpt  above;  hciiIcs  on  body  rather  HUiall,  in  ab«»ut  (iO  tranHvcrsc 
Hi-rioH,  those  (Ml  v(tntral  region  rednced  in  uize;  lateral  line  continuoiiH. 
abruptly  decnrved  oppoHltc  the  end  of  the  soft  dorHal.  Dorsal  fin  Ion;;, 
low,  continnouH,  thr  HpinuuH  i)art  nundi  tlie  longer,  Avith  about  IG  low, 
Htrong,  Hnbo<|ual  HpincH,  i\\\v\\  with  a  Hniiill  entaneoiiH  a])iM-ndage  at  Mp; 
Hoft  doraiil  high<>r  than  HpinoiiH;  anal  Bimiiar  to  Hoft  dorsal,  with  H  Htoiii, 
graduated  Mpinca;  jiectorals  broad  and  rather  short;  caudal  abort,  trim 
eate,  with  rounded  angles;  the  soft  parts  of  the  vertical  tins  with  tin 
niend)ranes  somewhat  s(Mily;  ventrals  conspicuously  behind  pectorals 
lirauchioategals  5.  (iill  rakers  very  short  an<l  feeble;  gill  nioinbrant:^ 
somewhat  connected,  free  from  the  isthmus.  Vertebra>  l(5-(-lM  — ;{|.  This 
genus  contains  a  single  species,  a  large  dull-c(dored  Labroid,  abnudiiiii 
on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  the  Ihiited  States.  (A  latiui/atiou  of  the  \er- 
nacular  name  "Tautog."  which  is  of  Indian  origin.) 


3. 


ll»Hr,.  TAIHMiA  OMTIS(MniimuH). 

(TAtTOli;    I'.LACK-KISU;   OVSTEK  FISH.) 

Head  3i  t<»  3i ;  depth  2:i  to  3.  D.  XVI.  10;  A.  111,8;  eye  U  in  hciKJ: 
snout  3;  pe<'toral  IH;  ventral  2;  highest  dorsal  spine  3;  highest  dorsal  ra\ 
1-i ;  third  anal  8i)ine  3;  highest  anal  ray  \\ ;  scales  ll-<J0-2.''».  Body  sduk  - 
what  deep  and  compressed;  protile  moderately  steejt,  well  rounded  from 
sucMit  to  dorsal;  maxillary  reaching  the  v«'rtical  from  anterior  nostril; 
jaws  about  eipial,  with  2  or  3  largo  cauines  and  smaller  ones  on  the  side, 
which  gradually  diminish  in  size  ba<"kward;  gill  rakers  very  short  and 
blunt,  about3-f  (i;  a  patch  of  small  scales  behind  eye  extending  down 
ward  to  middle  of  cheek,  where  there  are  5  or  6  series,  head  and  opercIe> 
otherwise  naked  ;  pectorals  broad  and  rounded,  not  ((uite  reaching  tips  ol 
ventrals;  soft  dorsal  higher  than  spinous;  caudal  truncate  or  slightly 
rounded.  Color  blackish  or  greenish;  the  young  usually  with  about  ;> 
pairs  of  dark  bars  connected  by  reticulations;  adult  often  nearly  plain 
blackish;  chin  white;  eye  greenish.  The  taiitog  is  one  of  the  nu)st  valu- 
able food-tishes  of  the  Atlantic  coast.  It  is  generally  abundant  within  its 
range,  and  its  llesh  is  of  superior  (|uality.  The  largest  sjtecimcn  known. 
according  to  Dr.  (Joodt!,  had  a  length  of  about  3  feet.  Atlantic  coasts  dl 
the  United  States,  from  New  Brunswick  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
iibout  rocks  and  kelji  in  shallow  water;  New  Urunswick  ((Joode);  Casco 
Bay  and  I'reeport,  Maine  (Kendall).  (oK/r/?,  a  kind  of  i)lant;  apjilica- 
tion  unexplained.) 

LabtHg  onitiii,  LiNX.Ki's,  S.vst.  Nat.,  Kd.  x,  2H6,  17r)S;  K<1.  xn,  47^i,  17(i(i:  typo  lociility  not 

given. 
Labnm  hiiiliila,  I.i.sN.r.fs,  Sy.tt.  Nat.,  EtI.  xn,  4T.'>,  ITtUi,  Carolina  (('<ili.   Dr.   <iiinlt>ii) 

JoiiOAX,  I'roc.  r.  .S.  Nat.  JIuk.  ISH.'t,  ;H)G;  note  on  Lin.n.kis'  type. 
I.aliiuis  caroliiiiiK.  lioNNM  krue;,  Tablouu  EncyclopiHl.  et  Method.,  Iclitliyologie,  li:f,  ITKS, 

Carolina;  aftci-  LiNN.Kls. 
I.abnm  blackjixli.  Scii("n>K,  Schiift  «ier  (loscsllsch.  Natnr.  Froiuido,  vin,  156, 1788,  New  York. 
Labius  t.iili/uxi-tis,  Wai.iiai'M.  Arlodi  I'i.scimu, '.'54,  179'.'-,  aftoi'  Scik'h-k. 
l.ahriig  tf.it^elltiliig.  lU.ocil,  Iclitliyolo^ria,  ))1.'J91,  179'-',  Norway. 
Iliatiiln  ndi-ilonaiKi.  Lac  KeKUK,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  II,  522, 1800,  Carolina  ;  after  Labrttt  liia 

tula,  J.iNN.iiis. 


Mi 


Jonfivi  and  Evvrwaun. — Fishes  of  A'oti/i  A»ncn'ai.     1571) 

l.ahiutamerieanii*,  Hi.ocii  \  S<  iineideii.  SjHt.  Iiliili.'jdl,  IHOl;  ufler  Sc^nripp. 

/.iihriM  t(l«^<,'/a,  MncKii.i.,  TniUH.  Am.  I'liil.  Soc  1815,  :iOU,  Long  Island;  Rhode  Island; 

Cape  Cod  ;  Sandy  Hook. 
l.tihiKH  tautiiija/iium,  Mncinr,!.,  Trans.  .Vin.  riiil.  Siir.  lHir>,  »0L',  New  York. 
I .abrui  Ututtiya  riihtnn,  MiT(  im.i,,  I. ir.,  1815,  1U2.  New  York. 
l.ahriiH  tautrnja  (iliu,  .Mnciiii.i.,  I.  <•„  ISl.".,  Joi;,  New  York. 

I'aiiiDijateiiiidUitu.Cuvu'.n  \  Vai.k.ncikn.nks,  Hist.  Nut.  I'ltiMH.,  xiii.ai.'i,  188lt;  ullvr  lli.ocii. 
lautiiija  rt"i('»iroiia,  1)K  Kay,  Xuw  York  Fiiuuii:  KIhIidm,  IV.'i,  jil.  U,  iljr  ;(i),  1842:  "•ohkh, 

Hist.  FiHh.Mim.M.,  27(1, 1807. 
laiitoija  onitin,  (iCvriiKU,  Cut.,  iv,88,  18fl2i  Jokdan  A  (Jiliikkt,  Proc,  r.  S.  Nat.  I-Iiih.  1878, 

:i71;    JtKAN,  I'loc.  r.  S.  Nlll.   Mus.   IHHO,  87;    .l(iUI>A\   \.   (Jll.llKin.  S.vnnpsitt,  (00,  1883; 

(looDK,  Nat.  Ilist.  Aqiiiit.  Anini.,  'J(i8, 1884. 
lli(itiilaointi)i,.\i>\i\>\N  it  (Jii.iiKur,  Synopsis,  lt;!(5,  lH8:t;  .loituAN,  Piik:.  I'.  W.  Nut.  Mus.  188(1, 

28;  JoiiDAN,  lUnicw  Ltthroid  FislicH,  625, 181(0. 
Iliiiliila  /ii((M(/a,  OoouE  &  Mean,  I'roc.  I '..S.Nat.  Mus.  1885,  20|  ;   n<ii«i  on  ivpo  oi  Lal>i'i» 

liiahila. 

630.   LACHNOLAIMUS,  Ciivi.  r  A  ViihncioiiUfH. 


(CaI'ITAINKs.  ) 

I.athnulaimuv,  CrviKii  A  Vai.knciennk.s,  Hist.  Nut.  Toiss.    xiii,  274,  18:i9  uiiijiila   ^inaxi 

mux). 
l.achnolifiiiHK.  (JCntiiki!  ;  ccurccled  sixilliiif;. 

Kody  Hti'oi)gl,y  coiiiiMcs.scd,  the  back  .sli.iip  iiiiil  clovultMl,  llui  prolilo  loii^ 
;iim1  Ht('e|».  Snout  sharp;  month  low,  liori/onliil,  tho.jiiws  ii.inow ;  ]in'- 
iiiiixillary  8li]»i»iJi}ji  uikIci-  the  nH'iiiltriiiiairniis  cdj;!'  of  tlio  very  hroiid  i)re- 
orbiliil,  which  is  twice  tlie  dejith  of  the  eye.  Teeth  in  front  prinniiient, 
(iuiiiio-hke,  in  ii  sinf^lo  .series;  no  poHl<Tior  cunines.  Cheeks  and  opereh-s 
with  iinliriciite  scah's;  sciiles of  moderate  si/e,  thin,  iidlierent  ;  hitonil  Hue 
<  ()ini)U»te.  Dorsal  with  11  spines,  tlui  first  IJstronj;,  faleiite.  piddnced  in 
IdU^-  streamers  in  th»3  adult,  the  meuiltraues  between  these  apines  very 
low,  the  lilanieutous  tips  lonj;er  than  the  head;  other  spines  all  Uiw, grad- 
ually shorter  to  the  eleventh;  se<'oud  dorsal  and  anal  nuieh  produced; 
ciudal  lobes  fait  ate;  third  anal  s](ine  stiouj; ;  ^(ectoials  and  ventr.i  Is  short. 
This  <;enus  contains  a  sinj^le  species,  a  large,  showy  tish  of  troidcal  Amer- 
ica, ^oma^kabl(^  for  the  lonn  streamer-like  rihunents  on  the  dorsal  spines. 
(,\((^»';/  down,  velvet;  Xai/io-,  throat,  the  pharyn;;eal  bones  being  only 
partly  jtrovided  with  teeth,  and  the  rest  of  their  suilace  with  a  velvety 
membrane.) 

19H(i.  I,.V(  IINOLAIMIS  MAXIMIS  (Wall.iimii). 

(lluUFISIl;    ('ACirAlNK;    I'KUlli  >  TKlf  I{(  >. ) 

Uead:i;  depth  L'J,.  D.  \1V  1 1  or  12 ;  A.  Ill,  11  ;  eye  I  in  head;  snout  2i ; 
lilamentouH  dorsal  spines  i  longer  thauhcad;  pectoral  lA  in  head,  C({ii!il 
to  veutrals;  highest  dorsal  ray  1^;  third  anal  spiuo  2^;  longest  anal  rays 
11;  s.ales  S-;5!»-i:?. 

Hody  deep,  strongly  compressed,  the  back  much  elevated,  the  profile 
long  and  steep,  slightly  concave  before  ej'o ;  snout  sharp ;  maxillary  reach- 
ing to  anterior  origin  of  pupil;  canine  teeth  ])roiiiineiit;  I  sharp  canines 
in  front  of  u]»per  jaw,  2  in  the  sides  of  lower  jaw,  2  small  conical  teeth 
between  them;  lilanieutous   dorsal   spine   reaching   to  last  rays  of  soft 


;>.fi 


\  ^ ;  •  :  I 


'I 


1580         liiiUctin  /7,  United  SlaliS  Wiliomxl  Miosium. 


'!■■> 


tlitrHiil;  poutoral  not  witlu,  itH  upper  ra.\H  tli*<  IoiiK;eHt,  itn  poHtorior  fud 
hIiiu'p  iihitvc,  not  rttiiuhiiif;  tit  «Mitl  of  vfiitntls,  whirh  ri^uch  alioiit  to  \  rut 
Nol't  iloiNal  ami  uiiiil  Hiiniliir,  poiiitntl  lu'liinil;  <'aii«ltil  liiiiiitc.  Top  of  houil. 
]irm>rl)itul,  iiiuxillury,  iiiid  lo\v««r  jaw  iiaknl;  «-lii-«k  with  about  6  row.s 
of  small  HcaleH,  op«tr<'ltt  witli  alioiit  r>  rown  ;  Ninall  Hcalt'H  on  inttTopii 
('1*-H.  ('olor  roddisli  ^riiy,  varyiiiK  to  brick  r«'«l;  homic  of  tUo  HialrH  olivi 
^m>!i  nt  biiNti;  rliuokH  f^rcnilHh,  head  mottloti;  a  lai>>o  iitiiud  bluo  black 
blotch  at  IniHo  oC  last  rayH  of  ho  It  duiHal;  caudal  frrayiHli,  with  .'i  rttwN 
of  dull  olivo  Hi)ot.s;  jiutil  similarly  colored;  an  undulate  blue  line  below 
eye;  adult  nutlu  with  vertical  liuN  blackiNh  at  ba^4e,  the  lilack  forming;  a 
creHcent  on  the  eaiida!;  frontal  region  from  Nuont  to  occiput  ai)ru]iil\ 
blackiNh.  The  variutiouH  in  the  ground  cidor  are  considerable,  (dder  liHlier. 
und  lisheH  taken  in  deep  water  bein^  much  reddec  than  Nuiall  lishcM  oi 
fiHheH  taken  from  graHsy  bottoms.  One  of  the  latter,  I  foot  in  length,  wii^ 
gray,  violaceous  above,  ea(!h  scale  olive  |j;reen  at  btiHo;  lower  parts  tinged 
with  creamy  orange;  head  niortt  purplish,  mottled  with  olive;  (-heeks 
greenish;  an  undulate  blue  line  below  eye,  Itelow  wliicli  are  pur]disli  nti 
(Uilations;  long  H])ines  of  the  dorsal  tin  greenish  at  base,  orange  at  tip;  -<oli 
dorsal  Himilar,  a  large  black  blotcli  at  its  base;  caudal  grayish,  with  :; 
rows  of  dull  olive  H|Mits;  anal  similarly  colored;  pectoral  light  orange; 
ventrals  blackish  at  tip,  reddish  at  base.  Deep-water  lisheH  are  luick 
red  or  orange  red,  the  degrees  of  redness  being  very  variable,  the  nuirkings 
constunt.  The  a<iult  nuile  has  further,  the  vertical  tins  all  Idackish  al 
b:i8e,  th(^  black  forming  a  crescent  tui  the  caudal ;  frontal  region  from  snout 
to  occiput  abru]>tly  blackish;  lower  .jaw  light  yellow.  The  nuile  lish  has 
the  cleft  of  the  mouth  very  much  wider  than  the  female.  These  large- 
mouthed  hogllah  are  thought  by  many  tishermen  to  belong  to  a  ditl'erent 
H|)ecies.  One  Hjiecinu'u  had  4  elongate  spines  in  the  dorsal.  Vertebr.i' 
ll>-f  17  -  2!».  Length  2  feet.  West  Indies;  abundant  north  to  Key  West 
and  Bernnula,  about  reefs  and  rocks.  This  large  and  showy  sixcies  is 
generally  (utmuion  in  the  West  Indies.  It  reaches  somctinx^s  a  weight  of 
12  to  Vi>  ])ounds,  and  is  generally  esteemed  as  afood-tiah.  It  changes  mucli 
in  the  course  of  its  growth,  and  has  thus  received  several  specitic  names. 
{iiHijimiiit,  largest.) 

Siiillus  (Tlic  (irciit  HdKl'iHli),  (Jateshv,  Na(.  Hist,  ('andiiiii,  i>l  ii"),  IT.lo,  Bahamas. 

Ldhnm  ma.rimi(i,  Walmai'M,  Artcdi  I'iHriiiin,  '.'til,  IT'Ji;;  lifter  ('ATKsitv. 

Larlinolaiwvs  xuilliis,  CuvU'.ii,  !;c;;ii(<  Animal,  ICtl.  ii,  Vol.  "J,  'J.^7,  182ii;  iil'tcr  (JAxr.siiv ; 
('evu:u  it  Vai.kncik.nnks,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  xm,  'JKl,  18:10;  Tukv,  Kimincratio,  Kif) 
1875;  Hka.v  \  Dkicski,,  I'loc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884,  l.'ili. 

Litchnolaimim  (lii/tila,  Crvuili  \,  Valenciknnks,  Hist.  Njit.  I'ois.s.,  xni,  L'77,  183'J,  St.  Bar- 
tholomew. 

I.arhnolaiiinis  <lu.r,  Oitvikk  \  \'Ai.KNfiENNKs,  Hist.  Xat.  1'oi.ss.,  xm,  L'85,  1839,  Martinique 

Lnchniilai)ini.i  eaninu.i,  ("uviEit  v.V.  X'ai.encie.nnes,  Jtist.  Nat.  I'oins.,  xui,  288,  18;ii».  St. 
Thomas  ;  San  Domingo  ;  I'oEV,  Syii(»j).sis,  '3'M,  1808,  Havana. 

Lnrhnnlalmii,i  ptittaciis,  CrviEii  &.  Valexciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiMs.,  xm,  'J'.tl,  ISIISt,  Porto 
Rico. 

Laehnolnimiiiifdlcatug.  (ii'NTiiKii,  (.'at.,  iv,  87,  1862;  lifter  Lahni.i /alnitim  1j.,  but  the  Lin 
mvinx/alcatKii  in  a  Trarhiiiofiis;  ('iUodI';,  JSiiil.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mils.,  v,  ;iO,  1870;  Jokda.v  \ 
(Jii.iiERT,  Synopsi.s,  tiOl,  188;t;  JouiiAX  &  Gii.BEin,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884,  134; 
(ioooE,  Nat.  Hist.  Aijiiat.  Anini.,  27."),  1884;  Steaiin.s,  Nat.  Hist.  A(|iiat.  Aiiini.,275, 1884. 

LacliitDln'mun  ma.nmun,  iIokdan,  Troc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1884,  510;  .JouUAN,  I'roo.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mas.  1880,  45)  JoitUAN,  lUniew  Labroid  I'lMhes,  620, 1890. 


Jordan  a  mi  lii  ennau  n .  —  /•'/s/n's  of  North  .  I  me  r  tea .     1  iti^  I 


631.  HARPE,  l,iic»iM>il««. 


(LAnv-i'iHiiKM.) 

Itiiilianiii.  Ili.orii,  Iclilliyiil,.  IV,  :i:(,  1700  (hiitlianun:  mittaliii.  olr.),  in  jmrf ;  roHtri  ti'd  by 

(!i\  IKU  III  lliiilinii  im  iiiittatut.  iiii«  "I'  lliti  Si-nniiiilir. 
Il<iriii\  I.-\cf,l'i:l)K,  KiHt.  N'jit.  roisH.,  iv,  4'J(I,  1802  (I'.f)  iiWnttiiriUH     ni/im). 
<'ini.siii>hiiii,(',V\\\'M  \    VaI,KN<  ll'NNK.M,    IIImI.  Niil.    l'<>lis.,  Mil,   lO'.',   IM'HI  (/i()(/irt(il/.«     ru/lin) : 

iiiiiiiu  |ir('<M'('ii|ili't|  liy  (liiniiphuK,  |i',\iiiir<'U'«,  17U'J,  !i;;i>uum  iit'(,'til<><i|it)tru.  anil  l>y  Hoxity. 

pliH$,  lii  Miiiii,  IHO'J.  :i  i.'(<iiiiH  of  hlnU. 
'  ri';»i<<(''r(((i,  Sw.MNMtiN,  Nat.  IIImI  CIumhii  KIhIh-ih,  II,  ^W,V^  (vrrren    rufus).  ikiI  ('rfnUuhriiKitf 

CrviKii. 
//«//.(■.  Cii. I,,  I'loc.  Ac.  Nat.Sci   I'lillft.  1H0;1,'.'22  {hmUanu*    ni/iix). 
It'iilianu»,  I'dKY.  Kf|iort'    lo,  ii.  :i;il,  1807  (bodiaiiut). 

Hoily  roliiiHt,  iiudlcratuly  cniii|tn'Mso(l,  ('(tviTcd  with  liriii  ncalos  of  vary- 
ing si/f,  jiboiit  It;)  ill  Mio  coiiiHit  of  tlir  lateral  liio',  wliicli  i.s  roiitiiiiioiiH. 
Il*'a<l  nitlHtr  ]ioiiiti>il  In  tlir  youii);,  Ix'coniiii^  very  <li'i'|i  ami  cotivi  \  in  tlit; 
adult  frniii  tho  (Irvolopiiu'iit.  of  a<li])oH<-  t.issiio  on  llir  top  of  tlio  lira*!, 
Opercic,  Hiilioporclo,  iiitoropi-rcle,  and  chuokH  scaly,  preopurcle  naked ; 
prcopficlo  iiiiiiiitcly  Hrrnilattv  iiHiiall.v  luH'oiiiinjj;  oiitin-  with  ayr.  Month 
rathi'i'  laiK''-  Jaw.s  tiudi  with  I  strong,  conical,  Honiowhat  <;oiiipr«.ss('d 
caniin'S  in  front,  tht*  lafural  tenth  HJniilar,  but  much  ainallcr,  conlcmciit  at 
liasc  with  each  (dher,  and  with  small  granular  teeth,  so  that  tlie  Hiirfaec 
of  the  JawH  is  hoiiy;  upper  jaw  with  stronjc  posterior  (  aiiiiies,  dire(^ted 
forward,  jlorsal  (in  with  alioiit  12  low  spines,  each  portion  with  u  scaly 
sheath  nt  hase,  the  rays  naked;  anal  with  ',i  siiines,  th*^  H)>in«^s  rather 
strong;  iolies  of  soft  dorsal,  iinal,  and  caadal  inoru  or  less  produced  in  the 
adult;*  voiitrals  iiiHcrted  tlirectly  holow  jt«ctorals.  (Jill  ineinhranes 
slijjfhtly  connectod.  Vertebra'  11 -f  17  2S.  Coarse,  hrij^htly  eolon^il 
lishes,  inhahitin^j;  tropical  seas.  (<Xfi7t//,  scythe;  in  allusion  to  the  falcate 
tins.) 

II.  Ciilor  ill  lifo  not  red;  iiialo  lilius  witli  a  yoUnw  patch  iMliiiiil  llic  |ii<ot(i)',il  tin,  wliich 
liiiH  a  larK*^  dark  Hpiit  on  its  cxtniiiiity;  hoad,  tail,  and  tiii.s  iiri^lit  red,  tlicir 
t  i|>M  liiack  and  .M'lliiw ;  I'orclioad  v*iry  kiIiIioils  in  tho  adult.  Female  liniwniHli 
yellow;  a  dark  liaiid  coinnienco.s  liuhind  the  snout  and  is  divided  into  2 
licdiiiid  the  eye,  the  upper  portion  ri'.nnin;;  ahuif;  the  hack  and  nearly  Joiiiiiifr 
itH  fellnw  from  the  other  nido  on  the  hack  of  llie  free  ]iortion  of  the  tail,  while 
the  lower  cronse.><  the  aiigliMif  the  opercninni  and  Ih  coiitiiiiied  on  to  the  llliddh^ 
of  the  tail,  terminating  near  the  caudal  niid  alternating  with  2  spots  lichind 
the  ha.Hc  of  the  caudal  tin;  tins  yellowish  or  tM'iinge.  Kortdicad  scari'ely  gili- 
hoiis  in  tint  adult.  lai'LOTyKNIA,  1087. 

(/((.  Color  chit'tly  red,  without  dark  hands  or  stripes. 
Ii.  Pectorals  immaculate. 

('.  Body  without  dark  cross  hand,  or  <'oiispicnoiis  pair-  blotch. 

(/.  (ieneral  color  violet  red  above  and  anteiiorly,  yellow  or  orange  heliind 
and  below;  lower  |>art  of  sides  and  jiosterior  jiart  of  body  yellow- 
ish oran;;o;  upper  jinrt  of  head  and  body  (as  far  hiuk  as  a  line 
ad.joinin;;  base  of  pectoral  and  soft  dorsal)  violet  red;  middle  of 
caudal,  bases  of  jieclorals  and  vciitrals,  and  most  of  anal  violace- 
ous; tins  a  little  loss  produced  than  in  //.  tlijilntwitiii.     kuka,  1088. 


"This  chnractcr  distiiiKiiishe.'*   Ifarpc  from    Diatlodon,  I'.owdich,  (Kx<\  Madeira,  1825, 
2;!8),      I.ejiiiliiiiUiin  iiU\,  an  (lid  World  jj;cniis  with  the  vertical  lins  low. 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSSO 

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15S2  ntillctin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


dd.  Opncral  color  vf^rniilion,  with  two  Inrgp.  irrcgulnr,  black  lilotrlicH  on 
thn  back  and  dorHal  fln,  tlio  anterior  on  the  flrnt  6  dorsal  spines, 
tho  ijostflrior  extending  over  th(<  whole  soft  dorsal  and  ovur  a  por 
tion  or  tho  1>nck  of  tho  tail ;  snont  pointed,  with  the  upper  prolili' 
slightly  concave ;  head  longer  than  high;  candal  eiimrginate. 

ECI,ANCI1KRI,  lOg'.i 
ob.  Pectorals  with  a  largndark'hiiie  spot  towards  tho  tip;  color  cai  .line  red;  lin.s 
edged  witli  darker;  liase  of  pectorals  wliitisli;  side  of  1)ody  with  a  piilr 
roso-colorcd  band;  dorsal  tin  low;  veiitrals  reaching  vent;  snout  sharp. 

rULCHEIXA,  lilOll 

1I087.  IIARPK  niPLOT,KXIA,r,ill. 

Head  about  3;  depth  3  tu  3}  (iucludinir  scaly  duraal  Hhe.ith).  1).  XII, 
11;  A.  Ill,  13;  scales  5-33-12. 

Male:  Forehead  very  gildtonsin  the  adult;  a  large,  nmnded,  fleshy  pad 
on  the  forehead  of  the  adult  male,  overhanging  the  snout  slightly,  and 
about  3  times  the  width  of  the  eye  in  height;  preopercle  entire,  or  very 
slightly  crennlated;  eye  a  littlo  less  than  (>  in  head,  which  is  about  3  to 
3^  in  lengtli;  lower  lip  extending  downwards  in  a  loose  flap  on  each  side 
to  below  the  chin  in  the  adult,  which  has  a  fleshy  mass  bel<»w;  all  the 
fins  (except  tho  pactorals)  elongate  in  the  adult,  the  dorsal  nearly  reach- 
ing, and  the  anal  extending  beyond,  the  median  caudal  rays;  external 
caudal  rays  twice,  or  more,  as  long  as  the  median ;  in  large  specimens  the 
ventrals  extend  to  posterior  end  of  base  of  anal.  In  life,  blue,  with  a  yel- 
low patca  behind  tho  pectoral  fin,  which  has  a  large  dark  spot  on  its 
extremity;  head,  tail,  and  fins  bright  red,  their  tips  black  and  yellow. 

Female:  Forehead  8(!arcely  gibbous  in  the  adult;  preopercle  entire  (»r 
slightly  crenulated;  eye  6  in  head,  which  is  about  equal  to  depth;  verti- 
cal fins  elongate  in  the  adult,  the  dorsal  extending  nearly  to,  and  the  anal 
beyond,  the  median  caudal  rsiys,  which  are  |  as  long  as  the  external  rays. 
Color  brownish  yellow  j  a  dark  band  commences  behind  the  snout  and  is 
divided  into  2  behind  the  eye,  tho  upper  ]K>rtion  running  along  the  back 
and  nearly  joinfng  its  fellow  from  the  other  side  on  the  back  of  the  free 
portion  of  the  tail,  while  the  lower  crosses  the  tingle  of  the  opercnlum 
and  is  continued  on  to  the  middle  of  the  tail,  terminating  near  the  caudal 
and  alternatiiig  with  2  spots  behind  the  base  of  the  caudal  fln;  flns  yel- 
lowish or  orange. 

Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America,  about  rocky  islaiuls;  not  rare,  but  not 
easily  taken;  known  from  Cape  San  Lucas,  Panama,  the  Revillagigedo 
Islands,  and  tho  Venados  at  Mazatlan.  {SiTtXoo?,  double;  ratvia,  band, 
from  the  coloration  of  the  female.) 

ITarpe  MpManiia,  Cnx,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1862.  140,  female,  Cape  San  Lucas, 
(Coll.  Xantus) ;  Johdan  &  (iii.iiEKT,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882,  367  (note  OuU.  diplo- 
twnia  Gill) ;  Jordan,  Ueviow  Labroid  Fishes,  29, 1890. 

Jfarpe  j)<?ctorn Ji«,  (liLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1862, 141,  male,  Cape  San  Lucas  (Coll. 
Xantus) ;  JoROAN  &  (lu.nERT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882,  ;t67  (note  on  tyi)e). 

dogsyphut  pertiiralig,  (JI'ntuer,  Cat.,  iv,  110,  1862. 

Oosiyi>huii  diplotvnia,  GiiNTHER,  Cat.,  iv,  110, 1862. 

liodianvt  peetorali^  JoBnAN,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1885, 384. 

liodianux  diplotoenia,  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu.s.  1883, 384. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America,      15<S.'i 


I0M8.  II4RPK  RIJFA  (Liiimiim). 
(Laov-fihii;  Si'AN;ra  Laiiykimh;  Spanish  IIuukish;  I'iijiano;  Pkuko  ('oi.ouado. ) 

Head  3A ;  <leptli  nearly  3.  1).  XII,  9;  A.  Ill,  11  or  12;  erales  5-32-13; 
snont  '^\i  iu  boad.  liend  longer  thuu  hi;;!! ;  Hiioiit  r/oiiited;  ]>reo]>ercl<^  deii- 
tioiilato;  lina  ii  little  Ichh  x>rodiiced  thiin  in  H.  diplottinia.  (fCiioral  color, 
violet  rod  above  and  anteriorly,  yellow  or  orange  behind  and  below; 
lower  part  of  .sidef  aud  posterior  part  of  body  yellowish  orange;  uitper 
part  of  head  and  itody  (as  far  back  as  a  line  ,joiDin<;  base  of  pectoral  and 
soft  dorsal)  violet  red;  middle  of  caudal,  liases  of  pectoral  and  ventrals, 
and  roost  of  anal,  violaceoiis.  Length  2  feet.  A  handsomely  colored  lish, 
generally  common  in  the  West  Indies,  about  islands  and  reefs;  north  to 
Key  West,  IJermnda  and  St.  Paul  Kocks;  south  to  Kio  Janeiro;  our  speci- 
mens are  I'rom  Havana,     {ruj'ua,  yellowish  red.) 

/'((diauo  t'ennW/io,  MAR('<iRAVE,IIiMt.  Kras.,  145, 140, 1048,  Brazil;  on  n  ilrawiiig  liy  Prince 

Mai'KIce  <if  Na8S!tii. 
Tnrdus  flamiH  (the  IIojjfiHli),  Catksby,  Nat.  Hist.  Caroliun,  n,  pi.  2,  lig.  1, 174;t,  Bahamas. 
LabniB  ni/ufi,  Linn.ki'S,  Syst.  Nat.,  ICd.  \,  284,  I7i>8,  and  li^d.  xii,  475,  17GC;  aClnr  Catksiiy; 

(iDonK  it  Hean,  l*rof\  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mils.  1883,  200  (notn  on  Linniuan  s])ccinu'n.) 
Pi'ifo  Colorado,  Pakka,  De.scr.  Dif.  Picz.  Hist.  Nat.  Culm,  3,  lain,  .'t,  ll>;.  1,  1787,  Havana. 
7?i«fia»i«»fco(?trtnM«,  Bloch,  Iditli.,  vii,24,  pi.  223,  1790,  Brazil;  from  a  drawing  liy  Prince 

MAt'UlCE,  the  namci  usud  by  MAHcriiiAVE. 
Lutjanxu  ve»-res,  liux!H,  Iclithyol.,  ]d.  25,'i,  1791,  locality  uncortai:>. 
Sparus  falcatim,  Kutcil,  Iclitliyol.,  pi.  258,  1791 ;  after  a  drawing  by  Pi.cmiek,  made  at 

Martinique. 
Lah'ds  semiiuber  LAf'^VKnK,  I.  c,  ill,  428, 1802,  Rio  Janeiro;  from  notes  by  ('ommeuson. 
Itodianiis  blochii,  LACKpKDE,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.  iv,  279, 290, 1803;  after  lioilinnua  hodianux, 

15i.o<'H. 
Ilarpr  eaTileo-aureut,  LACKPf;DK,  I.  c,  420, 427,  pi.  8,  fig.  2, 1803,  Martinique;  from  the  draw- 
ing of  ri.uMiEK,  used  by  Bi.orn. 
Oimyphus  hodiaiiun,  Cuvier  &,  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xiii,  103, 1839. 
Vosnyphus  verreg,  Castelnau,  Anim.  Noiiv.  on  liares  Aiueriiiue  du  Sud,  Iclitli..  27, 1855. 
<:<>s.Hiiphus  rtifus,  GOnthek.  Cat.,  iv,  108, 1862;  GOnther,  Sliorc-Fishes,  Cballt'iiger,  14, 1880. 
Uarperu/a,  GihL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1863,  222;  Goode,  Fi.slies  Bermudas,  37, 1876; 

Jordan  &  Gu.bbrt,  Synapsis,  601, 1883;  Jordan,  Koview  Labroid  Fishes,  029, 1890. 
liodianux  rvfiii,  PoEV,  Repertorio,  u,  .331, 1807;  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mub.  1884,  148; 

Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1886, 45. 

1989.  HAKPK  RCIiAXCHEUI  (Valenciennes). 

Head  3^ ;  depth  3.  1).  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  12 ;  scales  32.  Snout  pointed  with 
the  upper  profile  slightly  concave;  head  longer  than  high;  dorsiil  and 
anal  IJns  produced;  caudal  emarginate.  General  color  vermiliim,  with  2 
large,  irregular,  black  blotches  on  the  back  and  dorsal  fin,  the  anterior  on 
the  first  6  dorsal  spines,  the  pcsteriov  extending  over  the  whole  soft  dorsal 
iind  over  a  portion  of  the  back  of  the  tail.  (ValenciennesV  This  species 
is  known  from  Valeucieunes's  description  aud  figure  only.  It  much 
resembles  Harpe  rufa,  apparently  differing  only  in  color,  (jalajiagos 
Islands.     (Named  for  M.  I<!clancher.) 

Gotsyphun  eclanchfri,  Valenciennes,  Voy.  V6nu8,  Zool.,  340,  Poiss.,  pi.  8,  flg.  2,  plates,  1840; 

text,  1855,  Galapagos  Islands;  GI'ntiier,  Cat.,  iv,  108, 1862. 
ffarpe  eclane/ieri,  Jordan,  Review  Labroid  Fishes,  630, 1800. 


I 


'Mir 


1584  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


l»00.  IIAHI'K  PILCHKLliA  d'ony). 

Head  4J;  depth  4?.  D.  XII,  9;  A.  Ill,  12.  Dorsal  <iii  low:  fins  Homo 
what  pr.Klnccd;  veiitrals  rcacliing  vont;  snout  sharp;  jiectorals  with  n 
largt!  (lark-hliio  spot  toward  the  tip;  <'ol(tr  carmine  rud,  (ius  edged  witli 
darker;  base  of  pectorals  Avliitish;  side  of  body  with  a  ]»uler  rose-colored 
band.  (Poey.)  Cuba;  known  to  us  solely  through  Poey's  descriptions. 
{pulvhellns,  pretty.) 

Cosgyphvn pHlehelliis,  PoEY,  Memorias,  ii,  208,  ;860,  Havana;  (JI'NTllEii,  (Jnt.,  IV,  108, 18(i'j. 

Bodianus  imicliellus,  PoKY,  Syiioj)siM,  'I'.Vi,  4.')!t,  1808. 

narpe  milchdla,  JouUAN,  Itoview  I.ubroid  rislies,  0.10,  1890. 


632.  DECODON,  CJilnther. 
Deeodon,  GrNTiiKn,  Cat.  Fish.  Urit.  Mas.,  iv,  101,  1802  (puellarit). 

Body  moderately  compressed,  oblong,  covered  with  largo  scales;  head 
oblong;  checks,  opcrcles,  and  lower  limb  of  i)reopeirlr  scaly,  the  poste- 
rior limb  being  naked;  base  of  dorsal  and  anal  not  scaly ^  lateral  line 
continuous.  Teeth  essentially  as  in  Harpv,  those  of  the  Jaw  in  a  single 
series;  4  canines  in  the  front  of  each  Jaw;  a  posterior  canine  on  each 
preniaxiUary.  Dorsal  with  11  spines;  anal  with  3.  Vertebrn-  12  +  16— :2X. 
Intermediat<'  between  liodianna  and  Trochocojma,  having  the  large  scales 
of  the  former  and  the  naked  fins  of  the  latter.  A  single  species,  a  small 
iish  belonging  to  the  West  Indian  fauna.  It  is  closely  related  to  Uarpr. 
(Se'ha,  ten;  odov^,  tooth;  there  being  10  canines.) 


1001.  DECOIION  ITEIiLAUIS  (Poey). 

Head  3i;  depth  4.  D.  XI,  10;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  2^-30-8;  vertebra- 
12  -|- 16=28.  Body  moderately  compressed,  oblong ;  head  oblong ;  cheeks, 
opcrcles,  and  lower  limb  of  preopercle  scaly,  the  posterior  limb  being 
naked;  teeth  uniserial;  4  canines  in  the  front  of  each  Jaw;  maxillary 
reaching  a  little  bej'ond  eye,  which  is  as  wide  as  the  iuterorbital  spac«', 
shorter  than  snout;  edge  of  preopercle  minutely  denticulated;  caudal 
emarginate;  ventrals  not  reaching  vent;  color,  according  to  Poey,  rose 
red,  with  3  large  red  blotches;  head  with  severai  pearl-colored  streaks 
(yellow  in  life);  a  transverse  one  between  the  nostrils;  2  obli(iue  ones 
running  from  orbit  toward  subopercle,  and  a  broad  oni^  from  angle  of 
'uoi..';h  to  angle  of  preopercle;  some  yellow  spots  on  sides  of  head;  eacli 
scale  on  sides  with  a  yellow  spot  on  its  edge;  tins  mostly  red,  the  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  with  4  rounded  yellow  spots;  several  spots  on  8])inous 
dorsal  and  caudal.  Length  6  inches.  West  Indies,  north  to  Florida; 
known  from  Cuba,  Pensacola  Snapper  Banks,  and  Barbados.  This  smisll 
si)ecie8  is  not  uncommon  at  Havana.  The  2  specimens  examined  by  us 
were  taken  from  the  stomachs  of  groupers  in  deep  water  on  the  Snapper 
Banks  south  of  Pensacola.     {puellaris,  pretty,  fvompuella,  girl.) 

CoisypJmt  puellaris,  Poey,  Memoriaa,  11,  210,  1860,  Havana. 

Deeodon  piiellarin,  (K'ntiieh,  Cat.,  iv,  101,  I8C2;  Poey,  Synopsis,  332,  1868;  JonoAN,  Proc, 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mu8.  1884,  545;  Jordan,  Kuviuw  Labroid  Fishes,  032,  1890. 


Jordan  and  Kvermann. — Fishes  of  North  Anurica. 


1585 


633.  PIMELOMETOPON,  (Jill. 

(Kat-iikai>h.) 

rimelometopon,  (Jill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiila.  1804,  58  (pulcher). 

Mody  robust,  «'(ivered  with  hiuuII  scales,  about  60  in  lateral  line;  both 
Iiiiil)s  of  tho  prooptTt'lf  uiikud;  caudal  subtruncato,  with  the  iingl«>H  more 
or  ]g8S  produced.  l'o.sterior  caninea  present;  anterior  raninesl;  dorsal 
-pines  12;  adult  male  with  the  forehead  jj[reatly  eleviited,  covered  with  a 
iliick  pad  of  flit.  This  ^enus  is  close  to  llariie,  ditfcrinjj;  chieHy  in  the 
naked  dorsal  and  smaller  scales.  The  small  si/e  of  its  scales  distinguishes 
ii  fiom  Trovhocopita  and  the  jiresence  of  posterior  canines  from  SeinicoHiiy- 
jilnis.  Robust  species,  of  la.'ge  size  and  bright  colors.  {nmeXif,  fat; 
lit'TciTtoi',  forehead.) 

ii  ( '<i1or  (inalvii),  licad,  ilorHnI,  niuil,  anil  randnl  iliis,  also  tlio  jmsterior  ]iart  of  tho  bnily 
as  far  forward  as  tlio  vi-iit,  i>iirplis1i  black;  lower  jaw  whitu;  tlii>  rest  of  tlio 
body  varying  in  lint,  from  dear  crinmoii  to  blarkisb,  with  (•0|)pery  or  purplish 
luster;  fonialvM  dusky  roHO-colorod,  witii  bla<'k  areas  ill  dc-lined  or  obHoleto;  pre- 
oporcle  serrulate^  in  young,  bcconiiiig  entire.  I'l'i.ciiEB,  1992. 

((((.  Color  rod;  a  largo  yellow  blotcli  al»ove  the  ptictoral,  and  a  black  one  anteriorly  on 
the  spinous  dor.sal ;  preoporcle,  entire.  iiAiiWiNU,  1993. 

1»02.  riMKIiOMKTOPOX  niXiiKU  (Ayres). 
(Cai.ikoknia  Kkdfisii;  Kat-head.) 

Head  3;  depth  3.  1).  XII,  «();  A.  Ill,  12;  eye5inh«'ad;  snout  2^;  scales 
CiO,  11  above  lateral  line;  vertebra  11+17=28.  Body  .somewhat  deep  and 
( onipressed;  forehead  in  the  adult  with  a  very  prominent  fatty  hump; 
Miiout  rather  blunt;  caudal  truncate,  its  lobes  Iwingjnoduced  and  point«-d 
in  the  adult;  gill  rakers  short  and  thickish  ;  scales  on  breast  small;  cheeks, 
opercles,  and  iuteropercles  with  scales;  tins  naked;  preopercle  serrulate 
in  young.  Color  (males),  head,  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  tins,  also  the 
jMisterior  part  of  the  body  as  far  forward  as  vent,  purplish  black,  lower 
Jaw  white;  the  rest  of  the  body  vai\ving  in  tint  from  clear  <-rims(m  to 
blackish,  with  coppery  <ir  purplish  luster;  females  dusky  rose-colored, 
with  the  black  areas  ill  delincHl  or  ob.s<dete.  liength  3  feet.  Coast  of 
siiiithcrn  California,  from  Point  Concepcio^  to  Ascension  Island  in  Lower 
California.  This  liirg»>.  and  handstmie  lish  is  very  comnu.n  on  the  <u)ast 
of  soutlu'rn  California,  and  is  taken  in  enormous  numbers  in  the  kelp  ort" 
tiic  shore.  It  is  taken  chietly  by  the  Chinese,  with  hook  and  line.  It  is 
salted  and  dried  by  them.  It  reai-hes  a  weight  of  12  to  15  jiounds.  The 
male  is  quite  different  in  color  from  the  feinah',  and  the  old  individuals, 
as  usual  with  largo  Labroids,  have  the  forehead  surmounted  by  a  mass  of 
fat.    The  spi'.cimens  described  are  from  San  Diego.     (j)i/Ic/jt'r,  beautiful.) 

Lahnig piilcher,  AvuBS,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sei.,  i,  1854,  ;t,  San  Diego. 

SimicoKsyphus pulcher,  (Ji'NTiiEK,  C'at.,iv,  99,  1862. 

I'iDielovu'toponpulcher,  (Inx,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Siii.  IMiila.  1804,  59;  Jordan,  Proc.  IT.  S. Nat. 

Mus.  1880,  29  and  455. 
Ilarpe pulchra,  JoHVAN  &  Gilbert,  Viw.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1881,  278;  Jordan  &  Gilbert, 

Synopsis,  002, 1883. 
Trochiico2>i(s  pvleher,  Rosa  Smith,  Proc  U.  S.  Nit.  Mus.  1883,  233;  Jordan,  Cat.  Fish.  N. 

Am.,  98,  1885;  Jordan,  in  (^ioode  Nal.TIi.st.  .\quat.  Aniin.,  275, 1884;  Jordan,  Ueviow 

Labroid  Fishes,  633, 1  sou. 


',,-;t  ■ 


■^ 

•  f;.: 


■WXi 


II 


15.S0         liullctin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


I»0».  IMNEM>MKTOPO>  DARWIMI  (JoiiynH). 

HpjkI  3;  (lopth  3.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  (iL».  Snout  point. d: 
outor  lohoH  of  oiudal  noticeably  produced,  as  are  uIho  tlu^  soft  dorHul  iiinl 
iinul ;  i)reoporclo  entire.  Color  re«l ;  a  large  yellow  blotch  above  the  per  - 
tonil,  and  a  black  one  anteriorly  on  the  spinous  dorsal  (Valencionnts  i 
(iaiapajros  Islaiuls;  not  Heen  by  uh.  Kvidently  very  closely  related  to  /', 
;>M/r/(cr,dilV('rinjj  from  tin-  latter  (^hielly  in  color.  (Named  ior  its  discoveni . 
Charles  l>arwin.) 

CiiMi/phut  (larioiiiii,  Jknvns,  V<iy.  Bisifjle,    FiHlios,  100,  jil.  20,  1842,  Chatham    Island, 

Galapagos.    {('oU.  Diirwiii.) 
LahniH  api'r,  VAi.nNCiKNNiis,  Voy.  do  la  VrniiH,  '/aw].,  Poias.,  XI8,  pi.  H,  f.  1,  ti-xt,  I«i"i,'>;  i>liil(> 

1840,  Galapagos  Island. 
TrochiK-npiisilarifinU,  (ifNTHKii,  ('at.,  iv,  100,  1K02;  Joudan,  Itevii-w  Labroid  Fishes,  fi:i:; 
I'imeUtmHopon  datwinU,  (lii.l.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  18«4,  ri9. 


634.  CLEPTICUS,  Cuvier. 

(HepHcus,  CnviEK,  Riigno  Aniiunl,  Kd.  u,  Vol. 2, 261, 1829  (!jenizara:=parrce). 

Anterior  teeth  small,  bluntish,  not  canine-like;  no  posterior  canino; 
mouth  very  small,  terminal;  snout  short  and  blunt;  dorsal  and  anal 
enveloped  in  scales,  except  produced  tips  of  both  lins;  caudal  dei'j>lv 
forked;  dorsal  spines  12,  almost  hidden  by  series  of  scales;  head  every 
where  closely  scaled,  except  on  lips  and  snout;  scales  of  body  large;  jnc- 
operele  serrulate;  gill  raker.s  slender,  short;  pectoral  falcate;  lower 
pharyngeals  A'ery  small,  Y-shaped,  their  teeth  small,  very  blnnt,  ami 
coalescent;  vertebrae  10 -f- 17--=:27.  This  genus  contains  a  single  species, 
a  singular  looking  little  fish,  inhabiting  the  West  Indian  waters.  It  is 
remarkable  for  the  close  s(|uamation  of  its  head  .and  fins,  as  well  as  fdi 
the  feebleness  of  its  dentition.  {fiXsTtrtxd^,  one  inclined  to  steal;  a  nanir 
given  to  recall  the  aUlnity  of  th«)  genus  to  Epihulus,  from  litifiovXac.. 
insidious;  its  Dutch  name  in  MoUucca  being  de  Jiedriyer.) 


i^:'     ::\ 


1904.  riiKPTICrS  PAKK.K  (liloch  &  Sclmeidor). 

(Geni/aka;  Janissary;  Creole.) 

Head  3^^;  depth  2|.  1).  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  .5-35-12 ;  vertebr;i' 
10  +  17  =  27.  IJody  roluist,  considerably  compressed;  4  rows  of  scales  on 
cheek;  pectorals  falcate,  slightly  lougtn-  than  head;  dorsal  and  anal  com- 
pletely enveloped  in  a  scaly  sheath,  produced  soft  rays  of  both  tins  naked 
except  at  bas«^ ;  produced  dorsal  ray  nearly  as  long  as  head.  Color  in  spirittt, 
reddish  brown  ant«'riorly  as  far  back  as  an  irregular  line  connecting  ventrals 
and  last  ray  of  dorsal  fin,  becoming  coppery  below ;  posteriorly  insensibly 
shading  into  greenish  marbled  with  verdigris  groen.  This  species  seem.s 
to  be  rather  rare  in  the  West  Indies.  Here  described  from  a  single  speci- 
men nearly  a  foot  long  from  Havana.  West  Indies,  recorded  from  Cuba 
and  Jamaica.    (Named  for  Don  Antonio  Parra.) 

I{abiriibiagenizara,'PARHA,  Dif.  Piozaado  Hist.  Nat.  Ciil)ii,44,  pi.  21,  fig.  1, 1787,  Havana. 
lirama  parrw,  Bloch  &  SrnNEmEH,  Syst.  Iclith.,  100,  1801,  Havana ;  after  llahiruhia 
gmizara,  of  Parha. 


Jordau  aud  F.vcrmauu. — Fishes  of  North  Amcriia.      15S7 


(  !ei,lieu»  genizara.  (JuviHli,  ItiNKtu' Animal,  I'M.  Ii,  Vol.  2, 2fll,  1H20,  Havana;  alter  I'ARRA; 
(TviEK  >V  Vai,en(IKNNK.s,  HlHt.  Viit.  r<ii.MH.,  xm,  HOT,  pi.  ;i77,  IHIIK;  (;('ntiikii,  (^llt.,  IV. 
112,  lf<0*_'!  ToEV,  SyiioimiH,  :i:i2.  1H68;  JoKDA.v,  I'roc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1886,  4:1;  Joi(l>AN< 
Uoview  Laliroiil  FiHlu'H,  0;i.'>,  IHIM). 

635.  IRIDIC,  .lovdiiii  A  I'.vormuiiii. 

(llONCKI.I.A.S.) 

/.  hihiivallus,  Jordan,  Koview  Laltroiil  I<'iHlii\s,  ftw,  ih!M>  (iliniidiata);  luit,  (if  Swainhon,  a« 

pidpcii.v  rcntrictcd       Vnrin. 
I.itlio,  .louuAN  it  KvKUMANV,  Cliflck-LiNt,4l2, 18JMI  (raiUaliin). 

|{()(ly  oblong,  compressed,  not  elevated,  covered  witli  lur<;o  settles,  there 
lieing  25  to  30  in  tbe  course  of  the  latera.  line,  wliiuli  is  not  intcrru]>ted, 
liiit  abruptly  bent  posteriorly.  Scales  on  breast  rather  smaller.  Head 
ii:il<od,  compressed,  <'onic.  I'rcopercle  entire.  Teeth  large,  the  u)>per,jaw 
w ith  2  .strong  canines  in  front,  none  of  them  bent  backward;  lower  Jaw 
with  4  anterior  canines,  a  ])osterior  canine  tooth  directed  f<u-ward  on  eacli 
.side  of  the  «i)per  Jaw.  Dorsal  spines  !t;  anal  spines  ',\,  graduated;  ven- 
tiiilt-.'inserted  under  axil  of  pectoral,  (fill  rakers  short  and  feeble;  gill 
iiieinbraues  slightly  Joined  to  a  narrow  isthiiins.  Vertebne  10  +  15=^25. 
Species  numerous,  most  of  them  brilliantly  c(dored,  abounding  in  kel]>  in 
tlio  tropical  seas.  All  of  them  are  American.  The  genus  is  very  close  to 
tlieOld  World  genus  llaVioharcs,"  ditt'ering  chi«>lly  in  the  dentition  and  in 
tlic  presence  of  3  an.al  spines  instead  of  2.     (Iris,  //j/g,  the  rainbow.) 

«.  Caudal  flu  v«ry  Hlijililly  concave,  truncato  wlien  sprcs.-wl  open,  tlio  outer  rays  lonjj'^r 

than  tlio  niitldio  ones;  body  dcoji  and  coniprea.sed,  tlio  depth  about  2il  in  length ; 

vcintral  linn  tilaiucntnus,  tlie outer  ray  j,  roduced,  more  than  twice  as  long  as  inner 

ray;  scales  liet'orc  dorsal  not  <'rossing  the  middle  line,  in  about  ,'>  aeries. 

h    Side  below  spinous  dorsal  without  dark  crossbar;  general  color  bluish  (  '),  or 

bronze  (9),  with  many  sky-bine  8])ots,  most  distinct  posteriorly ;  sky-blue 

spots  and  streaks  on  head;  a  .stripe  ]>assing  through  the  upper  part  of  oye; 

tins  with  blue  stripes:  a  dark  axillary  spot;  end  of  pectoral  dusky. 

KADIATUS,  1995. 


'  llalii'li(i-re»,  IM'im'KI.i,.  Xeue  Wirbelthiere,  Fisehe,  16,  18H5  {bimaculaliit,  etc.),  not 

IlaliclKfrtm,  Nu.skon,  1820,  a  genus  of  seals. 

Cliiii-ojulis,  (Ju.L,  Proc.  Ac,  Nat.  Sci,  Phila.  18(>2, 142;  substitute  for  llalichwret. 

'I'hc  American  species  hitherto  referred  to  Ualiehmreit  or  to  I'latjiglosmi*  .seem  to  consti- 
tute a  distinct  genus  (Iriilio)  cbarat.terized  by  the  incisors  ?,  and  the  presence  of  .'{  anal 
s|)incs.  The  numerous  s]>ecies  are  all  American,  tho.se  of  italichwres  being  contiued  to 
t  he  East  Indies. 

We. also  recognize  as  a  genus  distinct  from  Ilalichaeres,  the  group  calle<l  Platyglosnis  hy 
Bl'cker  (type  manjinatnis) . 

The  dorsal  in  J'lati/glossiis  has  a  scaly  sheath  at  its  base  somewhat  as  in  the  genus 
lliirpe.  The  anterior  canines  in  I'latyglonxus  are  ?.  In  Onntheria  IJleeker  (caenileotHt- 
tntn),  Hinnitautoga  Bleeker  (eentiquadra),  there  are"2  rows  of  small  scales  on  the  t^heeks, 
•i.s  wftllason  the  ojjercles  above. .  In  Macropharyngodon  Bleeker  {geoJI'i  .,yi),  the  strongest 
marked  of  the  v.arions  genera  of  Uleoket,  which  (Liiinther  has  nnited  witli  Platygliismm 
Miiil  llaUchirres,  the  lower  pharyngeals  are  very  small,  provided  with  but  3  teeth,  of  which 
the  middle  one  Is  quite  larije.  In  ilaeropharyngodon  the  canines  are  small,  i  in  ninnber. 
.Ml  the  American  species  here  referred  to  Iridio  have  the  anterior  canines  J.  The  Kast 
1  iiilian  species  have  tlie  teeth  J,  exce])tin  2  or  3  species,  in  which  the  teeth  are  }.  In  Ilali- 
fliirrex  tlie  usual  number  of  anal.ppines  is  2.  The  name  Ichthyeallus  should  not  bo  used 
lor  this  genus.  .lordan  &  Hughes  remark  (Proc.  K.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1880,  57) :  "The  generic 
iianies,  Chlonchthys  axu\  I chlhyeallns of  Swaiuaon,  based  in  part  en  sjiecies  of  I'latyglotsug, 
Imt  distinguished  by  imaginary  characters  and  including  species  of  earlier  genera,  have 
liiM'u  very  properly  set  aside  by  Dr.  Gill  as  synonyms  ot  Ourii  and  Julis"  (Tlinlaaiioma). 
A  .similar  view  has  been  taken  by  Dr.  iSwain.'Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1882,  275.  Swaiu 
reniiirks:  ^'  Chloriclithys  and  /cfcf/ii/crtH«.v.  confused  jumbles  of  species,  may  well  be  con- 
sidered as  synonyms  of  Thalatsoma  and  ('on*,  respectively,  although  several  genera  are 
reitresonteil  in  each." 


T 


■1:5 


$    i^ 


1588  DuUetin  47,  United  Stahs  National  Museum. 


'^r  rl 


'm.,  i:<. 


ili|;  :? 


'C 


hh.  Siilii  Iiclow  HpinoiiH  (lurHitl  with  ii  very  bronil,  hIncklHli  (tomh  bur. 

c.  (ieiiornl  color  hlulHb  nrolivo;  dark  croHS  bar  obsciins  niniilii;;  from  midilli. 

of  flpinoiiH  tloronl  to  llii*  H|>m'o  butwecn  voiitrals  niiil  vent;  boliind  iIhh 

a  pnb^-ycllowiHli  bitr;  b<>R<l  anil  aiitorior  rouion  witb  roiiiul,  pale  bin i.ili 

ApotH,  wliicb  oxloixlon  back  niidon  tboilnrk  bar;  doi'Hal  bliiUb  at  \\.nv, 

yidbiwiHbabovo,  witb  rc^iibir  blu<^  npotH  riii((o<l  wltb  darker;  a  narniv, 

bliioinarKiiiHloiiKcdjroof  tin;  caudal  witli  oliHciiru  round  l>liiiMii  n))ii|.4: 

anal  lik(Mb)r8al;  pcctoraJH  and  vontrals  plain.  niciiolsi,  I'.i'.h;. 

ce.  (fcncral  color  red;  dark  croHH  bar  coimpiciiouH  from  I  lie  foiirtli  to  huvihiIi 

<lorHal  HpincM   downward  to  niiddlo  of   Midi^H,   HcalcH  of  Hidon  <';i.  Ii 

witb  a  vertical  Itluu  line,  tliosu  anteriorly  nuirgined  witb  violet;  hIiIc. 

of  bend  witb  blue  linen  and  H])otH;   dorsal   and  caudal  orange.   \\\<- 

fornu'r  witb  (d(lii|ue  broken  lines  of  blue,  Ibo  latter  witb  a  few  I. mi' 

Hpotrt  at  buHo;  anal  vi(det,  tben  yellowiHb,  tben  mart^ined  witb  lihi< . 

witb  a  blue  median  line  and  broken  blue  lines  at  base;  otIiertiiDt  \\Ak- 

Head  'A\  in  lengtb  ;  caninoH  Hlron^;  HcalcA  on  nape  in  Txir  0  Horiett,  n.it 

croHHin ■;  tbo  median  line ;  caudal  very  sligbtly  enuirfrinate ;  outer  \,y\ 

of  ventral  twice  inner  ray,  and  roucbing  vent.  hei.likkk,  I'.iuT. 

aa.  Caudal  fin  rounded  or  Bubtrunuate;  tbo  outer  rays  not  produced,  Hborter  tliiin  tin- 

niidtlle  ravH. 

d.  Scales  before  dorsal  reduced  in  size,  extending  a(T0SH  tbu  median  linn,  and  in 

10  to  1^  rows;  ventral  sliort,  its  rays  not  tllamentouH;  snout  ratberbliini : 

body  moderately  elongate,  tbo  deptb  It'J  in  lengtb;  i^olor  olivaceous,  ujili 

s(mu<  blue  and  bron/.o  markings;  nuiles  witli  a  broad  indigoblue  cross  ImihI 

bcbind  pe(^torals;  females   witb  inky  spots  on  tbe  scales  of  tb(<  up|i<r 

povterlor  part  of  back;  pe(ttoral»  yi  Mow,  witb  a  black  axillary  spot. 

SEMiriNCTl.x,  lll'.IS. 

di\.  S<tales  befon;  dorsal  larg<\  in  4  to  0  rows,  not  crossing  tbe  median  line;  snimt 

moderately  pointed. 

e.  Ventral  fins  witb  tbe  outer  rays  produced,  more  tban  twice  tlio  loiiglli  ni 

the  inner. 

/.  Side  witbout  conspicuous  dark  lateral  band  anil  witb  a  distinct  d;irU 

vertical  l)ar,  extending  downward  from  s]iinous  dorsal;  axilliiiv 

spot  oliscurc;  body  ratber  elongate,  tliedeptb  about  3J  in  Icngtli ; 

profile  not  steep;  posterior  canines  rather  snuvll ;  bead  witli  iilaik 

streaks  and  s;)ots  above:  (caudal  sbarply  barred,    oahnoti,  l!i!l!i. 

ff.  Side  witb  a  broad  blue-black  lateral  band  extending  from  eye  to  tij) 

of  caudal,  tbo  back  aliove  this,  dark  brown  or  bliiisb;  spinous 

dorsal  wltb  no  coiLspionous  l)lack  spot;  a  dark-blue  stripe  frnm 

eye  to  nape;  fins  mostly  blue-black  witb  pale  (ulglngs;  midille 

and  base  of  4-audal  dusky;  tip  of  pectoral  dusky;  proflle  ratlier 

steep;  body  ratber  robust,  tbe  deptb  'A\  in  lengtb. 

OYANOCEl'HALUS.  200(1. 

ee.  Ventral  tins  witb  outer  ray  not  produced,  its  lengtb  not  more  tiiaii  i 

tbat  of  inner  rays;  side  witb  a  dark  lateral  band;  species  of  small 

size. 

(/.  Spinous  dorsal  with  a  con8|iicuous  blue-bla<'k  spot  between  the  tilili 

and  seventh   spines;  body  not  very  slender,  the   deptb  .ii   in 

length  ;  a  dark  band  from  snout  through  eye  to  o]ierclo.  tbe  l;it- 

oral  band  on  side  broader  tban  eye  and  placed  a  little  abovi!  tlu' 

opercular  band,  tbo  lateral  band  extending  nearly  to  tip  of  r;iii 

dal ;  no  second  dark  band  below  it ;  a  faint  dark  spot  under  la^t 

(iorsal  ray  and  one  at  base  of  pectoral  above;  2  or  3  narrow 

bluish-white  s'ripes  across  cheek;  body  and  fins  in  life  witli 

bright  colors  which  fatle  in  alcohol.  MACULII'INNA,  'JOdl. 

gtj.  Spinous  dorsal  pale,  tbe  black  spot  very  small  or  wanting;  body 

slender,  the  deptb  4  in  length;  opercle  with  a  couspicuiiiis 

black  spot;  a  blue-black  band   from   snout  through  eye  and 

across  op<!rcles  to  base  of  caudiil,  not  extending  on  the  liii;  ;i 


A^-Jt.i,  .:.'.''.;1X- 


Jordan  and  livermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      loS'.J 


20011. 
Miuii  A 
'Hiiiall 


nai'i'owur  and  i'nlntcr  Imnil  t'roin  Iowit  bnncol'pirtoral  to  alio vo 

anal,  tlii'Mc  liaiiilH^i'owiii^'  taiiittir  will,  au<'  anil  HOint'tinuiM  iIIh- 

a|)|M-arin>:,  tlit«  lnwrralwayH  wiinlInK  in  tl><>  ailiilt;  nouxillar.v 

Hpot :   no  iliHiinrt  lianilH  acroHH  cliiM'k  ;  IhiH  inoxtl.v    |mli',  with 

liriKliI  riMl  anil  Itliio  coIdi'h  in  litV,  tint  ,vimimk  anil  ilt'i'it-watri' 

inilividiialM  oftun  "ImwinKa  Itlnrk  Hpot  at   liasu  of  caudal  anil 

HonH'tinicH  a  dark  n)iiit  Mt<ai-  iniililli<  of  ilnrxal  witli  Hinnutinii'H 

a  largtir  oni<  al  llii^  baw  iif  itH  laHl  ray  ;  aiiKli'H  of  I'aiiilal  Idark 

ill  udiilt;  luwiT  phuryiiKonlrt  T-^l»ipvd,  tlio  anli-rioi'  linih  vi<i',v 

Hliort.  IIIMTTATrs,  L'OO'J. 

(Jaiidal  tin  double  roncavo,  tliu  ini'diaii  portion  i'oiivi*x,  llio  iiiili>r  rayit  iiioi'tt  or  Ii'hh 

prodiiri-d  in  adult  (tin-  tin  ronnili'd  in  lliu  .vouii};) :  HcaloH  Ixtlori!  dorHal  in  (I  or 

7  rowH,  not.  rroHHinK  tin-  nii'diaii  line;  a  bliiu  blai'k  Hpot  cioho  Ix-liiiid  c.vtt,  Honie- 

tiiiii'M  olmuli'tu  in  tin;  adult. 

h.  Lateral  liuo  with  a  round  bluo-hlark  Hpot  lirlow  I'oiirtli  and  lll'tli  iloraal  apinos, 

thftHpot  largttr  than  oyv;  no  Hpot  hcliind  i\Vi*;  vrntralH  with  thu  outiirray 

little  prodiicitd,  not  rcarhiiiK  nearly  to  tipHot'  piM'toraLi;  body  ratlii'i'Htoul, 

tbtt  depth  about  :ig  in  li'iiKth;  ]iriitll»  Htcep;  nnoiit  iiiiMli-rali-ly  pointrd; 

no  axillary  spot;  color  olivi';  blue  HpotHon  the  Hcalen  posteriorly,  wbiliHb 

spots  anteriorly:  head  and  caudal  liir;ri'ly  red  in  lil'i';  yoiiiiK  with  ii  dark 

lateral  band,  oiidiiiK  in  the  very  yount;  in  a  black  Hpot.        dihI'II.I's,  20U;t. 

hh.  Lateral  li'io  without  blue-black  spot;  ventrals  with  the  outer  ruyt)  sourcely 

tilaiuentouH,  about  reaching  tipH  of  |iectoralH. 

i.  Tubes  of  pores  of  lateral  line  dislinctlv  branched,  the  branches  imually 

3  in  niiinber;   body  moderately  slender,  tlie  depth  a  little  less  than 

length  of  bead  and  'A%  to  4  in  body;  hea^l  'i'i. 

j.  Eye  large,  Ijj  in  snout;  snout  not  very  sharp,  the  anterior  protile  of 

head  st«ci>  and  Hlif;l)tly  convex;    snout  2^1  in  heiul   measured 

alun;^  the  axis;  pecto 'al  shortish,  tj  in  heail;  I'olor  in  spirits 

olivaeeouH,  with   traces  of    3  darker  cross  liaiiils;    dark   spot 

behind  eye  large,  with  a  distinct  golden  s|)ot  above  it  in  some 

examples;  a  round  black  spot  at  base  of  last  ray  of  dorsal:  tins 

all  pale  in  s)>irits,  the  anal  edged  with  bluish;  a  bluish  cross 

bar  on  base  of  pectoral.  kiusciiii,  2UU4. 

jj.  Eye  ainall,  2^  in  snout,  brownish  above,  bright  violet  red  below ; 

many  blue  spots  above;  a  orescent  on  base  of  pectoral:  caudal 

I  ilged  with  violet  and  with  convergent  streakd  of  yellow. 

I'OEYl,  'JOO.'J. 

ii.  Tubes  of  pores  of  lateral  line  all  simple  or  very  nearly  so,  not  trilid; 
bmly  very  slender,  the  depth  much  less  than  length  of  head,  4^  in 
body;    head  3J;   HUout  very  sharp,  the  anterior  ]>rotile  of  head 
Htraightish  and  not  steep;  snout  2),  in  bead;  eye  2  in  snout;  pec- 
toral moderate,  Ig  in  head;  color,  in  spirits,  pale,  uuinarked,  except 
for  the  small  black  Hpot  behind  eye. 
k.  Color  in  life,  olive  green,  bluish  below;  back  with  blue  spotH;  n 
yellow  band  on  sides  with  vague  outlines;   posterior  ])arts 
paler,  with  rows  of  blue  spots;  bead  with  blue  bands;  dornal 
and  anal  rosy,  with  blue  spots.  ('At'UAi.is,  2006. 

kk.  Color  in  life,  olivaceous ;  abroad  band-like  area  of  orange  mingled 
with  violet  Hpots  along  sides  backward  from  head  to  middle 
of  body,  the  lower  edge  of  this  band  serrate ;  below  this  a  pale 
violet  band,  darker  behind;  still  lower  a  yellow  stripe;  head 
olivaceous,  marked  with  blue;  preorbital  scarlet,  with  3 
violet  stripes;  opercles  bright  rod,  with  3  violet  ntripes,  the 
postocular  black  spot  in  the  uppermost;  dorsal  and  anal 
orange  and  yellow,  with  blue  spots ;  caudal  with  convergent 
bonds  of  orange  forming  reticulations  around  blue  spots. 

PICTU8,  2007. 


I  F  ■-  trmtt^-twmff*  '^  \B,J^'*  I IW'    •'^,"*«'^  \mmtimf^H 


'{' 


ntf 


% 

■!■'■ 


'V. 


Itr 


15!)0 


nullelin  /7,  United  Slalcs  N^atiotiai  AfNscum. 


\9m.  IHIUIO  KAIIIATI'M  (LIiiiiiimim). 

(Pi'iiDiNd  wirKj  *  Dit.NCKi.i.Aj  I'riiiANo  Vkkhi';.) 

nni(i:{fi  to  4;  <l*|>lli  iiltoMt  2J.    1).  IX  (ninl.v  VIII),  11;  A.  Ill,  11';  wiil,  s 
2-2K-l();  (>,vii  ()^   ill  linid;  Hiioiit  It;  pt'ctoial   1^;  lii^lu  st  tlm-Hiil   Npinc  :: 
Ciindul  flu  vi'iy  Hli^htly  <'oiiniv«>,  ti'uiinit««  wlii-ii  Nprriid  upiii,  the  tnit.  i 
riiyH  ioii^rr  tliiiii  tlir  iiiiiUlIn  oid'h;  liody  dcrp  mid  «-uiiipi'fSH*-d ;  vriili  j 
liiiH  filiiiiifiitoiis,  tbt'  uiitur  niy  prodin-i'd,  iiioir  thiiii  twitr  iis  lun^  ns  inih  t 
niyH;  Hciiii-N  licturr  doiHiil  not  cioHsiii^  tlio  iniddlr  lint',  in  nlioiit  't  hi  rji 
Lower   pbiiryn^nii  T-slmprd,    not  iiinrli    liroiidcr  th.'in    ioii^.     Miilr   Hii 
liUKi'ly  oiivi^,   tlir  lowfi'  pints  dfi'p  ItliiiHii  jrict'ii ;  u  Ini^lit  onin^r  oIIm 
ari'U  lifliind  op«-rr!*',  tUfii  ii  Idin-  i-iohh  Itand  with  indi-tinitf  fd^rcH  at  vnil, 
till' ri-Nt  oC  the    body  tin^iMl  with   )j;oidcii,  tho  part  uhovr  axis  of  boiK 
iiiorr  or  Ifss  oran^r  Inown;  tbi^  wbolr  iip]H-r  halt'  of  liody  shows  inotr  m 
b'ss  oran;;i)  sbadiiifr;   bn-ast  hiiir  );nTii ;  Miio  spots  on  scab's   less  pin. 
iioiiiM'i'd  than  in  tho  r«-niub>;  brad  liviil  blur  ^rt'i-ii,  iiion<  or  b-ss  stripiii 
and  spotti-d  with  rb'iir  bliif,  tbi^  .potH  anaiif^cd  us  in  tbr  lrniiil«-s,  biitli  :vs 
sharply  dt'tinrd;  orangtt  stripes  niid  tiicas  on  top  and  front  of  brad  iis  in 
frnialf,  but  thit  bliii^  ari'iis  larger  and  iiiorr  nicroarliing;  dorsal  and  riii,- 
dal  nlik««  in  both  s«>X!'s,  thr  blu«>  more  ])ronoiiiir)'d  in  iiialf;  anal  alike  in 
both,  but  in  the  niab>  tb«'  mi-dian  stripe  is  of  a  rirb  grass  gn-iMi;  pi-ctoml 
in  male  with  bliu»  rays  and  bright  grass-green  membijines;  veiitrals  simi- 
lar, but  thiMiiner  rays  green ;  blue  spot  iit  Itiise   of  |ieetoriil  above  vei  v 
intense;  oblique  bands  from  peetorul  downward  and  baekwiird  similar  in 
both  sexes.     In  life  the  female  of  the  '' I'lidding-wife"  is  of  u  rich  tiiiii>- 
liieent  bronze  olive,  the  lielly  beeoming  a   livid  pearly  bine,  tingeil  with 
creamy  orange ;    a  qiiadriite   area   before   dorsal   yellowish   green,    witii 
abrupt  edges  and  bounded  l»y  blue  lines;  3  whitish  saddle-liive  blotelics 
below  dorsal  tin;  ii  yellowish  area  on  baek  of  tail;  top  of  head  oraiigr 
(dive,  with  3  rows  of  clear  bine  spots;  a  blue  stripe  fr<;:ii  nape  tbroiijfii 
upjH'r  part  of  eye  to  snout;  a  wavy  stripe  ofbliii'   Just  below  eye;  tein 
poral  region  with  i-nrved  streaks  id"  bright  blue;  lips  mostly  blue;  cheeks 
nearly  plain;  opende  light  orange,   with  dashes  of  blu«^  and  violet,  but 
with«»ut  well-d«'ljued  spots;  middle  id"  lower  Jaw  light  blue;  a  longitiidiiiiil 
streak  on  lower  part  of  <dieek;  lower  Jaw  light  orange,  with  2  bine  cross 
bands;  interoperclc   with  a  bliu'   stripe;  axil  green;  a  ytdlowish-grecn 
shade  from  pectoral  to  caudal;  a  deep-blue  spot  at  upper  base  id"  pectoral; 
2  broad  orange  bars  downward  and  backward  from  pectoral,  the  inter- 
spaces blue;  eiM-h  scale  on  body  with  vertical  spot  of  vivid  blue;  on  cau- 
dal peduncle  these  spots  are  brighter,  b«-coniiug  round  below  and  hori/mi 
tally  (ddong  abov««;  sojie  of  them   (Ui  base   of  anal  continent  in  lines; 
numth  and  gill  cavity  within  white  (livid  blue  in  male);  dorsal  orange; 
a  broad  blue  marginal  stripe;  a  blue  stripe  at  its  base,  interrupted  behind: 
besblcs  these  a  mesial  stripe,  breaking  up  posteriorly  into  about  3  rows 
of  irregular  curved  spots;  caudal  orange,  broadly  tipped  with  yellow,  its 
outer  rays  blue,  its  basal  part  with  many  irregular  spots  of  light  blue; 
anal  with  a  basal  row  of  blue  spots,  then  an  orange  band,  then  a  nar- 


*  The  formation  of  tlienamo  "Pudding-wifo,"  fVoiu  Purfiano  aud  Old-wife,  is  au  iiitei- 
csliiig  freak  of  puimlar  etyniulogy. 


Jordan  and  I'Arrniaun. — lushes  of  h\uth  America,      ItWl 


rills 

rail};.' 

>iij;li 

teiii- 

K'cks 

liiil 

iii.'il 

TOSS 

fITfll 

oral ; 
iitn 
cati- 
i/(iii- 
iiies; 

lind: 
rows 
',  its 
•liic; 
iiar- 

iiiter 


iii\v««r  Mtripi-  oC  hri^rlit  l»lii<',  tlu-i)  a  lirouti  y<'llo\v  baiul,  then  a  row  ol'ltliu* 
s|totK,  tlwii  oniiiKt^,  tlii-ii  ail  nd^^f  of  sky  Itliir;  |)«»'torul  tniiislurnit, 
^lia<l<'<l  witli  blur,  and  hoiih'  |iu1)'  oraiiK'S  vnitrul  with  tli*<  Hpiiir  and  IliHt 
.ill  ray  bin*',  tlio  ni<-iii))ranc  oniii^c,  thi<  (in  otb«Twis«<  tiaiiHlnonit.  Wt-st 
IimIIch;  roiiiiiioii  fi'oiii  Hra/il  iiortli  to  tint  I'lorida  Keys  and  Itrriiiiida,  and 
St.  I'anls  RorkH.  LoiiKtli  ll<  iiicbt's.  Our  spi'iinionH  Iroiii  Key  West  and 
Havana.  TIiIh  In  Iho  lai'^«!Ht  in  Hj/f  oC  Ww  Aiiieriran  Hpfltii-M  of  Iridio, 
iiid  olio  of  tlioHf  most  roadily  r<'<d);ni/.«-d.  Prot'osHor  (!ood«>  has  ^^oll 
ili-siribrd  tilt)  variations  duo  to  a^;)'.  This  s)M'i'i<>H  is  cvidriitly  tho  I'inliuno 
ici'ih  of  Marrjrravr,  tbf  Pudding- wife  of  ('at«-sby,  and  tlu«  honnlla  of 
rami.  I.abruH  railiatxn  of  l.intia'Us,  in  tlii'  truth  rditioii,  is  ))asrd  sololy 
nil  tlic  Pudding-wifi-  of  Catt'sby.  'V\u'  liiiiiia-an  iiaiiic,  ratiialiin,  uiiiBt 
iliorrforc  ite  taken  for  tliiu  NpccioH.  In  the  twelfth  edition,  Lahriin  rndl- 
,iliiH  disappeai'H,  iMid  the  piiddin^-wifo  a|>pcai'N  as  a  doubtful  syuoiiyui  of  a 
SjianiH  rtiduituH,  which  is  based  on  a  speciuion  of  IriiHo  hirillohiH  Hoiit  by 
|)r.  (furdt'ii  from  South  Caiuliiia.     (rudiatun,  radiant,  streaked.) 

I'liiliano  renti;  MarcouavK,  IliHt.  I'iHf.  ItruHil.,  14(1,  1U48,  Brazil ;  on  ii  ilniwin^  liy  I'riiirx 

Af  At'RK'K  (iC  NaHHnii. 
liirtUinoenlttradiatii  (IMMldiiig-wirc),  (J.vtehhy,  Niit.  IliHt.  (.'nrol.,  ii,  12,  jil.  12,  !!«.  1, 174:i, 

Bahamas. 
I.iibntt  lailiatHS,  LiNN.i:rH,  Syst.  Nat.,  Va\.  .\.  '.'88,  \1'>S;  huHed  on  Catkhiiv. 
Dnmrlla,  I'AUKA,  Dom-.  Dif.  I'ic/.  IIIhI.  Nut.  Culm,  <X>,  lam.  :i7,  !!{;■  1,  1787,  Havana. 
iMbruH  braidlienitiii,  Ui.ocii,  Iclith.,  pi. 280, 17112,  Brazil ;  on  a  tlrawiiif;  of  tlio  I'luliamt  vtrdv 

by  rriiico  Mai'Iiick  of  Xuhhuu;   Hlocii  A  S<'HNKII>kk,  Syntt'inu  Itlitli.vol.,  '.'42,  1801. 
.1  iili»  crotaphus,  CliVlKU,  U^kuo  Anini.,  Kd.il,  Vol.  2,  258, 1820;  bant-d  on  Donnllaot  I'ahka; 

no  (IttHcription. 
.Iiilii  cuaiiotliniiia,  (luviEK  &  Vai.f.nciknnes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oIhs.,  .\iii,  :(01, 18:i0,  Martinique. 
.Iitlit  opalina,  CcviKii  \-  VAi.KNfiK.NNKS,  IliHt.  Nat.  Toiss.,  .\i!i,  ;i'J2,  ISIIO.  Martinique. 
.lidin  patatua,  Cu visit  A  Valenciennes,  IliHt,  Nat.  I'oiHH.,  .\iii,  398,  18;i9,  Martinique; 

Cuba. 
.Iidis  principia,  CtTViKU  &.  Valrncienneh,  Hint.  Nat.  Poins.,  xiii,  402,  IWtO,  Bahia. 
Ciilitrichthya  hraailicima,  Swat.<o>,.\,  (JlaHH.  Fisli.,  etc.,  2;i2, 1830;  iiiiino  only. 
I'latmiloaana  cyanoatigma,  GI'ntiier,  Cat.,  iv,  101,  1802;  Coi'E,  Trunn.  Am.  Phil.  See.  1871, 

4G4;  (inNTllElt.  .Slioru  FiihoH,  ChalloDger,  4,  1880. 
I'tatyijloaaua  juincipia,  GOnthkb,  Cat.,  IV,  104, 1862. 
I'laliiifloaaiia  radiatua,  GCnthek,  Cat.,  iv,  103, 1862;  Johoan,  Proc.  1'.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1884, 135; 

JoKDAN,  Cat.  Finh.  N.  Am.,  98, 1885;  JoKDAN,  Proc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1886, 4i'>;  Jokkan  & 

IIioiiKS,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1H80,  .la. 
I'latiigloaaua  opaliniia,  (iI'.ntheii,  Cat.,  iv,  103, 1802. 

chirriijulis  cyanoatigina,  Poky,  HynopniH,  334,  1H08,  Havana;  I'oEV,  Kuuuiuratiu,  107, 1875. 
'  'liwrojulia  radiattu,  (jOOriE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  V,  'M>,  187."). 
Ilalicha:re$  radlatus,  Jurdan,  Kuviuw  Labroid  Finhea,  041, 1800. 

ie»».  litlUIO  MOIIOLSI  (Jordan  &  Gilburt). 

I  lead  3} ;  depth  'U.  I ).  IX,  12 ;  A.  Ill,  11 ;  scales  2-28-8.  Hody  deep  and 
compressed,  head  entirely  naked;  caudal  lin  slightly  concave,  truncate 
when  spread  open,  the  outer  rays  longer  than  the  middle  ones ;  ventral 
\'m»  tilameutous,  tho  outer  ray  produced,  more  than  twice  as  long  as  inner 
rays;  scales  before  dorsal  not  crossing  the  middle  lino,  in  about  5  series. 
(•eneral  color  bluish  or  olive;  side,  below  spinous  dorsal  with  a  very  broad, 
blackish  cross  bar  somewhat  obscure,  riinniug  from  middle  of  spinous 


u 


■11 


1592  Ihtlldin  47,  Ignited  Sfatcs  A^itionui  Mnst-um, 


ilornal  to  Mi«^  Hparo  lintwnnii   t)io  vutitrulH  iiliil   viMit;   holiiiMl    tliis  ii    |)iil>' 
yollowiHli  \nM\  li««uil  and  itntriior  ru);iiiii  wilh  ioiiimI   piilr   liliiiHli  Npots, 
which  «>Nt«ii<l  on  buck  iintl  on  i\\\\  tliirk  litir;  durnal  MiiIhIi  ut  Iuihu,  ytilluw 
IhIi  ahovo,  with  ro^iiliir  liliio  HpotH  liii^tMl  witii  tiarlo^r;  a  narrow  Itlih 
uiar){iii  alon^  ml>;o  of  lln;  i^aiulal  witii  olmciiru  i'oiiihI  ItliiiHii  HpotH;  ain.l 
like  doi'Hal;   ptM-toralH  ami  viMitnilH  plain.     IhIhikIh  oI'  Mio  wchI  coiist  tii 
tropical  Anittriflii,  Kevillai;i){c«|oH  iin*l  (ialapa^oH.      This  Hprcitm  wuh  llisi 
tloHn'iJMMl  from  a  Hin^l»  Hpocinion   from  Socorro    iHland.     A   Hitconii   .mil 
larger  uMiniplfl,  \\\\  incliuH  lon>;,  tiiUiMi  by  tlie  .l//>«f^r»MM  at  ('liarhm  iNJaml 
in  tliu  (>alapa);oH,  hIiowh  tlio  lit'u  colonitioii  bnttor  than  tho  typo,     Tlii 
Hpt^ciuH  Ih  tint  I'acitlo  roprrmMitativo  of  Iridio  radiatiiH,     (  HImm'  Npccinmnv 
huvo  bcon  Hin<!c  obtaiiu^d  at  tho  Ivcvillat^i^oiloH  by  Dr.  (iilbort.     (NaMie<i 
for  ('apt.  Ilonry  K.  Nlcholn,  V.  H.  N. ) 

riatiigUmmH  niehnlH,  .Ioiioan  a  On.iiKUT,  I'lnr.  I'.  S.  Nal.  Mas.  ifWI,  '.>:il,  Braithwaiti- 
Bay,  Socorro  Inland  (T,v|h>,  No.  28:!IH.  ('nil.  NicliolH);  Joiidan  tV  IIi'itillCM,  I'rou.  I'.S. 
Nal.  MiiN.  IHHA.dl. 

Hiilichiinn  niclioUi,  •Iokoan,  Itiivlxw  I.iilintitl  KUIich,  61'.',  18IHI. 

IUU7.  IKIIMO  SKI.MI-'KIt  «iilli»rt). 


iff 


I  .jtyf    •; 


1''" 


ft.  -i^ 


lload  :<|;  <lo|tth  H\.  !>.  I\,  II;  A.  Ill,  12;  niiixillary  ',i\  in  IkmuI;  Hnon; 
2);  eyci  Ii  in  Nnout;  lateral  line  I'S.  ('anineHHtronf;;  .scales  on  napi^n 'i  <ii 
n  BoriiM,  not  croaHin;;  the  nuMlian  line;  no  Huuly  HhcatliH  alon^  <lorHaI  an<l 
anal;  candal  very  Hli^litly  cniarKj|itit«>;  onter  ray  of  ventralx  twice  inner 
ray  and  reaching;  vent,  (jmeral  color  red;  dark  croHg  bur  conHpicuoiis 
from  fonrth  to  seventh  dornal  HpincH  downward  to  middle  of  Hide;  Ncalcs 
of  BideH  each  with  u  vertical  blno  line,  thoHu  anteriorly  nnirj^inod  with 
violet;  Hide.s  of  head  with  blno  lines  and  Hpotu;  dorsal  and  candal  oran^ro, 
the  former  with  (d)li<|no  broken  lincH  of  bine,  the  latter  with  a  few  bine 
gpota  at  base;  anal  violet,  then  yellowish,  then  margined  with  blno,  with 
a  blue  median  line  and  br<d\en  bine  linoM  at  base;  other  tins  pale,  ((iil- 
bort.) Kevilla<;iKcdo8  Archi|)elago.  TIum  liaudHome  s))ecieH  is  known 
from  a  single  Hpecinioii  11  inches  long  taken  by  Dr.  (iilbert  at  ('larion 
island.  It  is  closely  related  to  Iridio  nirhohi,  ditlering  t^bietly  in  its  red 
color,  u  hn©  which  is  rare  in  tho  presoit  genns.    (w//«i,  saddle ;  fero,  I  bear. ) 

Ifalicharfg  Helli/er,  (In.aKUT,  Troc.  IT.  S.  Nut.  Miis.  181tO,  67,  Clarion  Island  (Coll.  Alha 
Ironu);  JoKDAN,  Kcvicw  Jjiil>ri>l(l  FIhIkh,  042. 

1»UH.  IKIUIO  SKMICIiXTl  S  (AyitiH). 

(KBLP-Ki.sn;  SkSokita.) 

Head  3^;  depth  3^.  D.  IX,  12;  A.  111,12;  eyeTinhoad;  snontS;  scales 
3-26-9.  Body  oblong,  compi-essed,  rather  elevated  at  the  nape;  lips  thick, 
the  lower  with  a  frennin;  teeth  iu  about  2  scries,  3  or  4  of  the  anterior  in 
each  jaw  canine-like;  eye  small;  dorsal  spines  slender,  low,  and  lloxible; 
scales  on  breast  small;  scales  before  dorsal  reduced  in  si/.e,  extending 
across  the  median  line,  and  in  10  to  13  rows ;  veutrals  short,  their  rays  not 
filamentous;  snout  rather  blunt.  Dark  greenish  brown,  with  bright 
reflections;  head  bronze  green  above,  3  or  4  narrow,  horizontal,  wavy  blue 


Ijii.. 


Jordan  and  live nnann. — l''ishi'$  of  North  Anierha.      l'»0.*J 


ImiidH  helitw  the  cyr,  iilluniutiii^  willi  ltroii/«t,  ,luHt  iilxivr  iniilillfl  of 
liody,  uloMu  bi'liintl  tho  itcrtoriilN  in  th*>  iiialt'N,  Im  n  Hcep  iii«li^o-liliii<  croHN 
buiul,  wliiili  iiearl.v  iiicutH  itH  Irlluw  iintltT  tho  lully;  pt'itoralH  ,vi>lli>w, 
iippor  «Ml|;t)  of  a\il  Itlnck  ;  vnilnilH  rrcaiii  cnlur,  rarli  rtMicliiii^  l>ovoii«l  thi> 
poHturior  utl^o  of  tin*  \A\w  noNH  ))aii*l;  otlitu'  Huh  with  liori/oiital,  wavy, 
rtMldlHli  Hti-flt'.kH;  f«iiiali^  witlioiit  bliiit  liainl,  Init  with  iiroKiihir  iiik-lik'« 
N|)otH  on  niinii*'OiiH  s«mi]«h  <hi  (ho  hark  ami  tali.  'rhtMuWorution  in  "oni- 
parativoly  phiin,  but  that  of  th«)  iVnialo  Ih  notably  <lit)Vrunl  fruni  that  of 
tliH  nialu.  'I'hn  HpcrinuMi  (1i>h(  ribi-tl  Ih  from  San  Dii'p).  Nontli<>rn  Califur- 
nia,  Hanta  Itarbiira  iNlands  t«>('uri()H  lHlun«l;  rather  t'ontnion  in  tho  kelp 
off  Hht)r<.     liun^rth  abont  a  foot.     {Meniichivtux,  half-bauibtl. ) 

.liiliiitemiiinftuii,  \\hkh.  I'iim'.  CiiI.  Ac.  Sil,  IHMI.  :i'.>,  Cerroa  Island;  niiilf. 

I'htiiiiltniiiiK  iiimiii)iftii»,  iH'mu\:n,  I'lxt..  i\ ,  1(11,  1H<1'J;  Stkindaimnku,  Iclitli.  Mi<llriinr,  v, 

ir>l,    IH70;  .IdllDAN    \    (ill.llKIII,    I'lDr.  I'.  S.Nat.  MllH.  IHSO,    l.'i.'i :   .InldiAN   .V    ( ill.llK.IIT, 

H.viiiipHirt,  0(i:i,  |hm:i;  .Iukhan,  Cat.  I'MhIi.  N.  Am.,  DO,  IHHri;  .loitiiAN  \  llruincx,  I'rtH:. 
(T.  H.  Nnt.  MiiH.  1H86.  IIU. 
Iliilifhfvret  neiiiiciitcluH,  .loiinAN,  Kovk'w  T.iihriilil  FImIioh,  IICI,  180*1. 


IIMM).  li(ll»M»  (JAItXOTI  (('iivl<'i\  Viiloiuicinii'H). 

Hi'ud  Hi;  dopth  abont  3'J.  I).  IX,  11;  A.  HI,  II;  scaloH  ;{-2»}-l».  Kody 
liithei' ulongato;  ])rolilo  not  uteop;  jioHteiior  caninuH  ruthor  small;  Ncalea 
liefore  dorsal  largo,  in  1  to  (>  rouH,  not  (ToNHiiig  median  linu;  Hnoiit  niod- 
cratuly  poiiitod;  ventral  tins  with  tht^  out«n'  rayH  prodncid,  mor*'  than 
l\vit;t'  i\ui  lungth  of  the  inner.  Ilrad  olive,  shaded  with  brown;  bri;iht 
violet  bine  on  the  lower  Juw;  dark  violet  dots  and  HtrcakH  behind  and 
.'tbove  eye;  Hhonldors  deep  yellow  (dive;  behind  this  a  blit(;kiHh  erouH 
bund,  behind  which  the  back  and  bane  of  the  dorsal  is  a  rich  maroon- 
rriuiHon;  body  below  this  livhl  luirplish,  shaded  with  olive;  npinons 
dorsal  «dive,  with  bine  dots;  soft  dorsal  bhiish,  banded  with  bron/,e  an<I 
(Migod  with  dusky;  candal  bluish  gr.-iy,  with  sharply  detined  narrow 
bnm/.e  bands;  anul  olive  retldish,  with  streaks  of  crimson,  violet,  and 
blue;  pectorals  light  redtlisb,  their  ti]ts  black;  axil  violet;  ventrals  pale; 
.[  ditlnse  dusky  spot  at  upper  base  of  caudal.  Of  this  small  species  we 
iiave  but  2  specimens,  eaidi  about  H  inches  long,  from  Havana.  I'ooy 
notes  that  this  sjiccies  varies  mueli  iu  color  markings.  He  regards  his 
Julia  rnplus  as  a  synonym  of  Ji(U>«  ci'hc/hn.  The  types  of  .IuI'ih  (jantoti 
examined  by  us  in  Paris  belong  to  the  same  species.  West  Indies; 
recorded  from  ('uba,  Martinique,  and  >St.  Croix.  (Named  for  M.  Oaruot; 
a  collector  at  Martinique.) 

.liiU»yamoti,  CrviBK  &.  Vai.knciennes,  Hist.  Nut.  PoLsh.,  xui,  TOO.  IftlU,  Martinique. 

.lulit  einotus,  Poev,  Momorian,  n,  211,  pi.  Ill,  llg.  19, 1800.  Havana. 

■Iiilis  ruptuSy  PoEy,  Meinorias,  u,  212,  pi.  13,  tig.  20, 1800,  Havana. 

Cliwrojulit  ru2>tu».  Poky,  Syn()i)Hi8,  3;U,  1808,  Havana. 

l'liit}/olug»u»  rujttut,  Coi'K,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  1870, 464. 

I'hityglomta  gamoti,  GI'ntheu,  Cat.,  iv,  102, 1802 -,  Jordan,  Phm.  U.S.  Nat.  Mn8. 1880,45; 

JoKDAN  &  HuoHES,  {. «.,  1880, 01 ;  JoBDAN,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  lliis.  1880,  541  (note  on  typ«a 

of  Jului  garnoti). 
Ohatrojulis  cincUis,  I'OEY,  Knnnioratio,  108, 187.'). 
llalichceres  garnoti,  Jordan,  Review  Labroid  FIhIioh,  043,1800. 
3030 23 


■WT' 


*W«  'fllf;*!^  JWj;_P,.  ,»ll  l|l|flJPI    ,  Jl  J,II  JUIjf  l^llf 


E!     ':     < 


ir«04         /iullctin  47,  United  States  National  Hfnscum. 


3(NN).  IKIDIO  CYANOrEPHAIilTN  (liloch). 

Head  ^',  depth  3jl.  D.  IX,  12;  A.  Ill,  12;  scuIjis  3-26-9.  «o<ly  ratlier 
rubiiHt,  profile  riMbor  steep,  snout  moderately  pointed,  the  4  to  6  rowH  of 
scales  before  dorsal  fin  not  crosHing  the  median  line;  ventral  (ins  with  the 
outer  rays  produced,  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  inner.  Deep 
oli^e  green  on  head  and  back,  the  head  bluer,  then  a  broad  lateral  bund 
of  deep  indigo  extending  from  eye  to  tip  of  eaiidal,  below  this  light  cl)>ar 
freeii,  then  a  darker  bluish  green ;  (dear  blue  on  lower  Jaw  below  and 
clear  greenish  blue  on  lower  part  of  cheek;  lateral  band  becoming  faint 
on  head;  a  dark  streak  along  profile  from  snout  to  nape;  adarkbluiHh 
band  upward  and  backward  from  eye  to  nape,  rather  conspicuous,  nar- 
rowed posteriorly.;  dorsal  ir.digo,  edged  with  sky  bhie;  caudal  green, 
indigo  in  center,  yellowish  at  tip;  anal  indigo,  then  dull  orange,  then 
sky  blue;  ventrals  green;  i»eetorali.  plain  greenish,  indigo  above.  The 
Cuban  species  called  intorimaaliH  is  not  different  from  the  Bra/ilian  diini- 
d'iatii8,  the  allegtMl  differences  in  color  being  due  to  defects  in  descriptions. 
A  specimen  bcdbre  us  from  liahia  hIiows  the  band  fiom  eye  to  nape  very 
distinctly.  It  is  broader  behind  and  edged  with  darker  blue.  We  have 
also  examined  a  smaller  specimen  from  St.  Lucia.  Hero  described  from  2 
male  specimens  from  Havana,  each  about  15  inches  in  length.  West 
Indies,  south  to  lira/il,  generally  common,  reaching  a  length  of  Id  inches, 
(wfareo^,  blue;  HSil>a\rf,  head.) 

Lahnig  cyanoeej'haluii,  Bi,och,  Tchthyol.,  pi.  286, 1701,  Muaeuin  of  Link,  l«>calif.y  uiikiiowii, 

probalily  Surinam.  « 

Julis  dimidiatus,  AoAssiz,  in  Spix,  Piac.  Bra8.,0G,  pl.53, 1829,  Brazil;  CuviEit  &  Valex- 

eiBNNES,  Ilist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xm,  407, 1839. 
Julit  inti-rnaxalit,  Poey,  Mcmoria8,  i';421, 1860,  Havana. 
Jchthijcalhi*  dimidiatus,  Swainson,  CiaHS.  Fish.,  etc.,  232,  1839;  name  only. 
riatygloKma  internaaaUs,  (JCnther,  Cat.,  iv,  164,  1862;  Cope,  Trans.  Arn.  Phil.  Soc.  1870, 

463. 
Choe.rojulis  intprnnfalis,  PoEV,  S,  iiopHis,  334,  1808;  I'OEY,  Ennmoratio,  108,  1875. 
riatygloMus  dimidiatun,  Jouuan,  Proc.  (J.  .S.Nat.  Mus.  1886, 45  j  Jordan  <fc  HuouES,  I.e., 

1886,  61. 
Ualiehwres  dimidiatus,  Jokdan,  Rovio«'  Laliroid  Fishes,  644,  1890. 

8001.   IRIUIU  MAt'IIIill>l>.\A  (Miilior  &^  Troachel). 

Head  3.^;  depth  abojit  3f.  1).  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  2-28-9.  Body 
rather  stout;  caudal  fin  rounded  or  subtruncate,  the  outer  rays  not  pro- 
duced, shorter  than  the  middle  rays;  scales  bi^fore  dorsal  in  1  to  6  rows, 
not  crossing  nie<liau  line;  snout  modcrivtely  pointed;  ventral  fin  with  th(^ 
outer  riiy  not  produced,  its  length  not  more  than  ^  that  of  inner  rays. 
Side  with  a  dark  lateral  band;  eoinons  dorsal  with  a  conspicuous  blue- 
black  spot  between  the  fifth  and  sc^ventli  spines;  a  dark  band  from  snout 
through  eye  to  opercle,  the  lateral  band  on  sid«!  broader  than  eye  and 
pliiced  a  little  above  tht^  opercular  band,  the  Lfteral  band  extending  nearly 
to  tip  of  caudal;  no  second  dark  band  below  it;  a  faint  dark  spot  under 
last  dors.il  ray  and  one  at  base  of  pectoral  above;  2  or  3  narrow  bluish- 
white  stripes  across  cheek;  body  and  fins  in  life  with  bright  colors  which 
fade  in  alcohol.     Here  described  from  a  small  specimen  taken  at  Port 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  A  ncrica. 


1595 


Castries,  St.  Lucia.  CloHcly  ftllicd  t«»  TrUWo  hirittatuH,  luit  niadily  distiii- 
i^uiHlicd  by  tho  bliick  dorsal  spot  and  stouter  foriii.  Wt-st  Indies,  north 
to  Heuiifort,  N.  ('.     (macula,  spot;  ^/tH/m,  tin.) 

.hilin  maevUjnnna,  MUllbr  &.  Tkosciiei.,   in  S4-lioiiiliiir<;k,  Hist.  Jiiirlmdim,  (!74,  1H48, 

Barbados. 
I't(iti/<ju>»»u»  moculipinna,  GUnthek,  Cat.,  iv,  10r»,  1862;  Jokkan,  Cat.  Fish.  N.  Am., 90, 

1885;  JoHDAN  &  llrdHES,  Pro<'.  U.S.  Nat.Mim.  188fi,(52. 
< 'liii'iojiiUn  viaciilipiima,  Poky,  SyiiopxiH,  330,  IHfiS. 
Ilidichcereu  inaetilijnnna,  J oiiv an,  lleview  Labniiil  I<  JHiitm,  "M,  1890. 

■    2»0*i.    lUIIUO    HIYITTaTIIS  (llloch). 

(SLIITKRV    IHCK;  1)(IN<KI,UA.) 

Head  3.J ;  de]>tli  1.  i>.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  12;  eye  ♦!  in  Lead;  snont  nearly  3; 
scales  '2-27-H.  Body  vciy  Hlender,  compressed;  bead  small  and  pointed. 
Caudal  f\u  rouud<>d  or  subtruncate,  the  outer  rays  not  produced,  sliorter 
than  tho  middle  rays;  H<ales  before  dorsal  in  4  to  (>  rows,  not  crossini;  the 
median  line.  Snout  moderately  point«'d.  Ventral  lins  with  the  outer  ray 
not  produced,  its  length  not  njore  than  A  that  of  inner  rays.  Lower 
]»haryngeals  T-shaped,  the  anterior  limb  very  short.  '^Jeueral  color  brown- 
ish; opercle  Wi«,L  a  conspicuous  black  spot;  a  blue-blud;  band  from 
snout  through  eye  and  across  opercles  to  bast«  of  caudal,  not  extending  on 
the  fin ;  a  narrower  and  fainter  band  from  lower  base  of  pectoral  to  above 
anal,  these  bands  growing  fainter  with  age  aiul  sometimes  disappearing, 
the  lower  always  wanting  in  the  adult;  no  axillary  spot;  no  distin<-t 
Itands  across  cheek;  fins  mostly  pale,  with  bright  red  and  blue  colors 
in  life,  the  young  and  those  from  deep-water  often  showing  a  black 
spot  at  base  o'^  caudal,  and  sometimes  a  dark  spot  near  middle  of  dorsal, 
with  sometimes  a  larger  one  at  the  base  of  its  last  ray ;  angles  of  caudal 
blaek  in  adult.  In  life,  greenish  above,  sid»'s  shaded  with  purple,  the 
puri^lish  color  extending  on  the  back,  where  it  forms  about  10  dark 
bars.  Young  with  a  brownish  lateral  baud  ar;l  a  reddish  stripe  above 
it  and  below  it.  Many  scales  of  posterior  part  of  body  each  with  a  ver- 
tical spot  of  deep  greenish  blue,  these  smallest  and  bluest  on  caudal  pe- 
duncle ;  blue,  red,  and  greenish  shades  extending  downward  and  backward 
from  pectoriirl ;  a  red  band  from  each  eye,  these  meeting  on  the  nape;  eacV 
bordering  before  with  blue,  behind  confluent  with  a  median  reddish  ver- 
tebral stripe  which  extends  to  front  of  dorsal;  snout  largely  red;  frontal 
region  green;  a  red  band  through  snout  to  edge  of  opercle  edged  by  blue 
below,  then  yellowish  and  again  red;  lower  jaw  with  2  orange-red  bands, 
its  middle  red  in  front,  bluo  behind ;  throat  reddish ;  opercle  with  a  violet 
spot  edged  by  green  and  orange ;  beyond  this  a  <-shaped  violet  mark 
edged  behind  with  yellow;  dorsal  bluish  at  base,  then  red,  yellowish,  red, 
and  pale;  sometimes,  but  not  always,  a  violet  spot  at  base  of  its  last  ray; 
caudal  largely  red,  with  oblique  bluish  and  yellowish  stripes,  the  corners 
more  or  less  bluish,  darkest  in  the  adult;  anal  like  dorsal;  ventrals  red- 
dish ;  pectorals  plain. 

The  young,  types  of  I'latjiglossita  Jionalia,  are  described  as  follows: 
Head  3i;  depth  4.     D.  IX,  11;   A.  Ill,  12;  scales  1^-26-8.     Hody  rather 


t 

1 

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l'W^^f>^'WfW'^^yWiFf''^IK!^m^ 


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11 

3 

rf 

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ii 

ii 

:'|i 

159G         Ihdiclin  //,  Unitid  States  National  Museum. 


slender,  iiiu<l«>rutoly  rouipn>H8tMl ;  Hiioiit  nut  very  sliurp,  \\\  in  bond.  Ky« 
iiiodcrato,  5  in  houd.  I'osteiior  cuninoH  anK«.ll.  Dorsnl  spines  rtithoi'  low, 
stiflf  ai'd  jMinji^ent,  lower  tlinn  soft  rnys;  t-tuidal  tniiM'utu,  If  in  hi>ud; 
pet-tornl  \\  in  head.  S<'!ilo8  on  breast  small ;  head  naked.  Coloration  in 
life,  gronnd  cidor  olive  brown;  a  r-ither  dull  olive-grrenHtripefroni  altovc 
snout  alon^  rtideH  of  baek  to  tail,  midway  brtwc^en  lateral  lin<^  and  dorsal ; 
a  brownish  area  alon^  lateral  line;  below  this  u  <liHtinet  dark-brown 
band  from  ^ill  opening  to  middle  of  eandal  on  level  of  (>ye,  and  about  as 
broad  us  eye,  ending  in  a  HmuU  dark  spot  at  base  ol  eandal;  below  thJH 
another  light-brownisb  ar4>a  bounded  by  a  dark-bron/e  stripe  on  level  of 
pectoral,  the  Iwlly  abruptly  pale;  «'aeh  scale  of  Hid«>  wilh  a  narrow  cres- 
cent of  deep  griHuniHli  blue  towards  its  base;  these  spots  very  distinct, 
es))ecially  ant<!riorly,  giving  the  whole  (ish  a  bluish  cast;  sides  of  head 
pale  orange;  a  bright  blue  wavy  streak  along  preor])ita],  suborbital,  an<l 
opercle,  tuining  abruptly  downward  on  the  Kubopercle;  a  faint  blue 
streak  behind  eye;  opercle  with  a  deej)  imligo-block  spot  bordered  by 
lilnish  and  yellow;  tipof  opercl'\vellow;  the  cohu- boun<led  by  n  <-shaped 
blut^  line;  lower  jaw  with  2  c  dss  stripes  of  coppery  «>range,  the  inter- 
spaces white,  the  tip  reddish;  r  small  Jet-black  spot  at  bas«t  of  last  ray  of 
s(»ft  dorsal;  dorsal  fin  light  ch'/rry  red,  with  a  row  of  translucent  spots  at 
base;  a  narrow  translucent  ni(;diau  band,  the  tips  translucent;  caudal 
translucent,  tinged  with  red  towar<I  the  base;  anal  with  a  row^  of  pearl,> 
spots,  and  a  cherry-red  band,  then  a  narrow  pearly  band,  then  a  light- 
yellow  band,  then  a  light-red  band,  the  tips  translucent;  pectorals  yel- 
lowish; ventrals  Avbite;  iris  scarlet.  This  species  rea<-hes  a  snniller  size 
thon  any  other  of  our  rcjjresentatives  of  the  genus.  It  is  also  by  far  the 
nu)st  common  in  the  waters  of  Florida  and  Cuba,  and  its  range  extends 
considtTably  farther  north  than  any  of  the  others.  The  variations  due  to 
age  and  to  <'hara«'ter  of  bottom  are  v«^ry  considerable,  having  caused  the 
establishment  (»f  several  nonuual  species.  In  the  description  abo\e 
quoted  by  Professors  .Jordan  and  (lilbert  of  specimens  from  Charleston, 
Pensacida,  and  Key  West,  these  variations  have  been  suflieit3ntly  indi- 
cated. Our  Cuban  specimens  (from  coral  sand)  are  much  paler  in  color 
than  those  farther  north.  The  dark  markings,  however,  remain  similar. 
In  (dd  examples  the  dark  lateral  bands  fade,  sometimes  becoming  more  or 
less  broken;  the  corners  of  the  caudal  becttme  dark,  and  there  is  usually 
a  dark  spot  at  bast!  of  last  dorsal  ray.  Deeper  water  examples  are  quite 
]»aie  or  red  Avith  distinct  longitudinal  stripes,  and  the  spot  at  base  of  caii- 
dsil  and  at  base  of  last  doi'sal  rsty  distinct.  Length  6  inches.  West  Indies, 
north  to  C^harleston  and  Beaufort,  North  Carolina,  south  to  Brazil ;  excess- 
ively abundant  along  rocky  or  weedy  shores  and  reefs,  commonly  tak"n 
with  h(K)k  and  line  by  boys,     (biviftatus,  two-banded). 

Uparui  radiatus,  Linn^kus,  Syst.  Kat.,  Ed.  xil,  472,  1706,  Carolina;  based  on  a  Hpecinicu 
from  Charleaton,  sent  )»y  Dr.  Garden;  not  Labrus  radiatus  L.,  E<1.  x. 

LaJbrus  bivittatus,  Bloch,  Ichtk.,  pi.  284,  tig.  1, 17U2,  from  a  painting  by  Pliimier,  made  at 
Martinique. 

Labrv4psitlacnlus,'LActPV.DK,lliat.Na,t.Foitia.,iu,522,lS00,  Martinique;  from  a  copy  of 
Pluhibr's  painting. 

Julis  humeralis,  Poey,  Memorias,  ii,  212, 1860,  Havana ;  adult. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Ametica.     1597 

dhfurojuli*  granditquamU,  (jiix,  Proc.  Ar.  Nut.  Sti.  Pliila.  1803,  200,  Beaufort,  N.  C; 

adults,  thu  color  faint. 
Chcerojalis  arangui,  1'oky,  Enumcratio,  109. 1875,  Havana;  yoiini;,  brightly  <:olore«l. 
I'latygloKiu§  jloreaUa,JonUAN  &  (ilLiiEHT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mui».  1882,  287,  Pensacola- 

young,  brightly  oolored.     (Typo,  No.  ;10839.     Coll.  Dr.  Jordan.) 
Jtilin  psittaetUu$,  Ct;viKK  c!t  Valknciennes,  Hint.  Nat.  PoImh.,  xiii,  .'IS?,  1830. 
I'latjiglotiitut  ttieiltatut,  OCnthek,  Cat.,  iv,  104,  1802;  Stki.ndachnku,  Iclilli.  Noti^.,  vi,  49, 

1867;  Uoi'E,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  1870,  403;  JoitUAN,  Proc.  U.S.Nat.  Muh.  1884,136; 

Bean  &  Ukkskl,  Pro<!.  W  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1884,  153;  Johdan,  Cat.  Fish.  N.  Am.,  1)8, 1885; 

JoHDAN,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1880, 46;  JnituAN,  Pro*;.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1880, 540  (note  on 

types  of  JuUm ptittaciiluit,  CuviEii  c&.  Vai.knciemnks). 
riatt/glotniM  hwneralis,  CiDnther,  (^at.,  iv,  165.  1862;  Jordan  &  (Iiliiekt,  SynopsiH  603 
Ohcerojulis  btui7/a/uA,  PuBY,  SynopsiH,  3.35, 1808. 
Ohaervjulia  htimeralU,  PoEY,  Synopsin,  335,  1868;  OooDB  &  Bean,  Proc.  U.  S.Nat. Mus. 

1879, 338. 
Platygloitiis  radiattu,  Jordan  &,  (i ilrkbt,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1882, 6()8. 
Platpglouus  (iran<lit<iuaiii in,  A oHXtxs  &.  Uiliiert,  Syuojmis,  603, 1883. 
Ilalichatret  biviUahin,  Jordan,  Review  Lubroi«l  Fishes,  645, 1890. 


2008.  IRIDIC  PIKPILl'S  ((iiinthcr). 

Heart  3J;  rtopth  3 J.  D.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  12;  8<'al«-8  2-28-9.  Caiulal  fin 
rtoiible  coii('iiv«',  th«;  iiiRrtiiin  portion  <-omvcx,  tho  outt^r  rays  more  or  less 
prortiic<;«l  in  tliu  artult  (the  tin  ronnrtcil  in  tin*  young);  scal«'8  bcfon^  rtorsai 
in  6  or  7  rows,  not  crossing  tlie  nuMlian  line;  v<>ntral8  with  tin*  ouU'v  ray 
littlo  prortucert,  not  rea<;bing  nearly  to  tips  of  pectorals;  body  rath<>r 
stout;  profile  stei'p;  snout  moderately  pointed.  Color  in  sjnritH,  olive, 
blue  spots  on  tbe.  seales  posteriorly,  whitish  spots  anteriorly;  around 
blue-black  spot  on  lateral  line  below  fourth  and  lifth  dorsal  Hpin<>8,  the 
spot  larger  than  eye;  no  spot  behin<l  eye  (in  the  adult);  4  or  .5  pale-blue 
wavy  lines  on  sid*!  of  bead,  the  lower  broadest;  a  pale-yellowish  area 
behind  pectoral  with  hori/ontal  blue  8tr«;aks;  no  axillary  spot;  <lorsal 
and  anal  each  with  a  brown  longitudinal  stripe;  caudal  (in  m.-ib')  black- 
ish niesially,  with  blue  streaks;  a  white  stripe  abmg  ea«h  outer  ray. 
I'aciiie  coast  of  tropical  America;  Mazatlan  to  Panama.  A  beautiful 
little  iisb,  abundant  in  the  branches  of  the  Astillero  at  Ma/.atlan.  Unlike 
ni«»st  spi'cics  of  the  group,  it  lives  on  the  muddy  bottcnis,  and  is  abundant 
about  the  roots  of  tins  mangrove,  which  border  the  muddy  branches  of  the 
Astillero.  Here  describeil  from  a  specimen  from  Panama,  agre(ang  fairly 
with  Dr.  Giinther's  description. 

The  following  a<-count  is  taken  from  Mazatlan  specimens,  «vbich  ditVer 
somewhat  in  cob»r:  Head  3^;  depth  4.  D.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  12;  eye  6  in 
head;  snout  3i^;  maxillary  4^;  pectoral  IJ;  anal  3;  caudal  fin  2.  liody 
sb-ndt^r  and  compressed ;  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  similar;  lu^id  pointed, 
the  profile  slightly  convex ;  mouth  small,  the  jaws  e(iual ;  teeth  in  a  single 
row;  canines  j  in  front  of  .jaws;  at  the  posterior  end.of  the  premaxillary 
is  a  single  strong,  sharp  tooth,  pointing  forward,  and  entirely  below  the 
angb^  of  the  mouth,  x^atcral  line  high,  following  the  curve  of  the  back 
to  the  eighth  dorsal  ray,  where  it  curvvs  sharply  down  throjigh  2  rows  of 
scales,  and  then  runs  straight  through  middle  of  caudal  peduncle  to  tail; 
pores  of  lateral  line  simple;  scales  large,  2-27-10;  head  entirely  naked; 
gill  rakers  very  small  and  pointed,  6-|-7.  Dorsal  spines  slender  but  pun- 
gent; caudal  slightly  rounded,  the  upper  angle  slightly  acute;  ventrals 


H 


mm 


1598  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Hliort,  not  iUiiinentons ;  grains  befon^  dorsal  in  about  fi  rows,  not  covorin;,' 
niiddli;  linr.  Color  in  lite,  olive  green;  n  liright-lduo  Htreak,  narrow  ami 
Boniowbat  interrupted,  from  eye  to  base  of  caudal;  a  broader  dark-bronxit 
Htreak  just  below  it,  containing  a  surics  of  small  dark  spots,  nioKtIv 
arrangc<l  in  tbrees,  the  last  one  darkest,  at  base  of  caudal.  Just  abovr 
middle  lino,  tliese  all  obsolete  in  adult;  below  the  Itnm/e  band,  a  faini 
blue  streak,  then  a  broad  Itrown  one,  then  a  short  one;  bright  sky  bliKt 
bounding  the  belly,  ending  over  middle  of  anal;  belly  and  throat  pearly 
white;  head  cherry  red  and  bronze  anteriorly,  becoming  olive  behind, 
mottled  with  blue;  a  dark  blue-edged  spot  behind  eye;  a  largo  black  Hpot 
smaller  than  eye  below  fifth  dorsal  spine,  this  spot  crescent-Hhaped,  ])or- 
dered  with  yellow  behind,  mostly  on  1  scale;  a  golden  crescent  at  base 
of  pectoral;  dorsal  bright  orange,  bluish  below;  caudal  cherry  red;  aiinl 
bright  orange ;  no  spots  on  tins;  iris  red.  Larger  individuals  det^per  in 
color,  the  head  cherry  red,  a  dark  spot  bordered  with  blue  behind  eye; 
pectoral  not  black.  In  alcoholic  specimens  pearly  streaks  appear  on  sides 
of  head  and  behind  pectoral.     (5/?,  two;  dTtiXoi,  spot.) 

Platyijlotsus  ditpilus,  GUnther,  Proc.  Zool.  Koc.  London  1864, 25,  Panama ;  GOnthbr,  FiHli. 
Cent.  Am.,  447,  1809;  Jordan  &  Gii.ukrt,  Hull.  U.  S.  Fish  Coiiiin.  1882, 108;  .Tordan, 
Cat.  Fish.  N.  Am.,  99, 1885  j  Jordan  &  IIuohes,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Muh.  1886, 64. 

Halichoeres  ditpilus,  Jordan,  Iloview  Lnbroid  Fiahcs,  046,  1890;  JORDAN,  Fislien  «r 
Sinaloa,  in  Proo.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  481,  pi.  45. 

2004.  IRIDIO  KlRSCilll,  Jordan  &  Evermann,  now  Bpecias. 

Head  3]f;  depth  3|  to  4.  D.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  2-28-10;  snout 
2if  in  head  measured  along  the  axis;  eye  If  in  snout;  pectoral  shortitli. 
If  in  head.  Body  rather  elongate,  but  deeper  than  in  I.  caudaUa,  the 
snout  less  acute;  veutrals  with  the  outer  rays  scarcely  tilamentous,  about 
reaching  tips  of  pectorals.  Tubes  of  pores  of  lateral  line  distinctly 
branched,  the  brandies  usually  3  in  number;  body  moderately  slender,  the 
depth  a  little  less  than  length  of  head,  snout  not  very  sharp,  the  anterior 
lirotile  of  head  steep  and  slightly  convex.  Color  in  spirits,  olivaceous, 
with  traces  of  3  darker  cross  bands  with  pale  interspaces  and  some  traces 
of  blue  spots  on  scales;  dark-blue  spot  behind  eye  large,  with  a  distinct 
golden  spot  above  it,  very  distinct  in  2  specimens,  obsolete  in  a  larger 
one ;  a  blue  streak  before  eye ;  a  round  black  inky  spot  at  base  of  last  ray 
of  dorsal;  tins  all  pale  in  spirits,  the  anal  edged  with  bluish;  a  bluisli 
cross  bar  on  base  of  pectoral.  Length  about  a  foot.  West  Indies,  south 
toBahia;  recorded  from  Cuba,  Jamaica,  Bahia,  ami  St.  Croix.  Of  this 
species  we  have  examined  the  specimens  called  JuJis  crotaphus  hy  Valen- 
ciennes, and  3  specimens  taken  by  the  Alhatroaa  at  Bahia,  the  latter  speci- 
mens (No.  43303,  U.  S.  N.  M.)  being  types  of  the  present  description. 
(Named  for  Dr.  Philip  H.  Kirsch,  fish  commissioner  of  Indiana,  iu  recog- 
nition of  his  work  on  American  fishes.) 

JuKii  crotaphiu,  Cuvier  &  Yalencucnnes,  Uint.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xui,  395,  tab.  395, 1839,  Bahia 
not  of  Ci'ViER,  who  based  the  Hpecies  wholly  on  I'arra's  Doneella,  Iridio  radiatug. 

Plutyglossu*  crotaphus,  GUnther,  Cat.,  iv,  163,  1802,  Coi-E,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  1870, 
463. 

ChoerojuUs  crotaphus.  Poet,  Enumcratio,  109,  1875. 

Ualichmres  poeyi,  Jordan,  lleview  Labroid  Fisiics,  646, 1890;  not  of  Steindachner. 

Iridio  kiriehii,  Jordan  &  Evbrhann,  Check-List  Fishes,  413, 1896,  Bahia;  name  only. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1599 


imtu  IKIUIO  i'OKVI  (SluiiHlachiior). 

Head  3i;  depth  3|J.  J).  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  2-28-10;  .<yo  siimll, 
6^  in  head  including  the  opercular  liap;  snout  slender,  nearly  H  times 
(liiinietor  of  eye;  tubes  of  lateral  line  not  described,  perhaps  as  in  Iridio 
kirHchii.  Lower  half  of  body  violet  red,  the  upper  reddish  brown;  each 
scale  above  with  a  deep-blue  spot;  a  clear  blue  band  downward  and  back- 
ward from  the  dark  postorbital  spot;  a  second  from  corner  of  mouth; 
a  blue  crescent  on  base  of  pectoral  which  widens  into  a  blue  axillary  spot; 
caudal  greenish  with  couvergont  streaks  of  yellow,  edged  with  violet. 
Hurinam  (Steindachnor);  not  seen  by  us;  evidently  close  to  friUio  ktrxchii, 
but  the  eye  apparently  smaller,  the  color  different.  (Named  for  Prof. 
Felipe  Poey.)  ; 

I'latyglosDiiH  poeyi,  Steindachner,  Iclit h.  Kotizuii,  Vi,  49,  1807,  Surinam. 

2006.  IllIDIO  CAIIDALIS  (Poey). 

Head  about  3^;  depth  4^  with  caudal,  3^  without;  eye  6  in  head,  2  in 
snout;  caudal  rounded  medially,  concave  toward  its  points,  the  u])per  lobe 
longer  than  lower;  tubes  of  lateral  line  not  described.  Color  olive  green 
above,  sky  blr*^  below;  an  olive  spot  surrounded  by  clear  green  on  each 
scale ;  passage  from  sides  to  belly  made  insensibly  by  a  yellow  band ;  body 
becoming  paler  toward  the  tail;  head  with  blue  streaks,  whi<-h  extend 
on  throat  and  base  of  pectorals,  a  green  spot  edged  with  dark  blue  behind 
eye,  2  series  of  round  spots  of  cobalt  blue,  from  caudal  toward  middle 
of  trunk,  where  they  disappear;  blue  on  rays  of  caudal;  dorsal  and  anal 
briglit  rose,  crossed  by  2  blue  streaks,  formed  by  series  of  blue  points 
on  dorsal,  which  has  also  a  blue  streak  on  its  front;  ventrals  rosy ;  pectorals 
washed  with  blue ;  iris  vermilion,  with  yellow.  Length  160  mm.  Cuba. 
(Poey);  not  seen  by  us;  possibly  the  female  of  Iridio  i)ictii8,  but  probably 
a  distinct  species,    (caudalia,  from  the  form  of  the  caudal.) 

Julis  caudalix,  Poet,  Metnoriiis,  ii,  213,  18B0,  Havana. 
PlalyijloMug  eaudals,  G(5ntjikk,  Cat.,  iv,  166,  1862. 


2007.  IRIDIO  PICTUS  (Poey). 

Head  3J;  depth  U.  D.  IX,  11 ;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  2-28-10.  Tubes  of  pores 
of  lateral  line  all  simple  or  very  nearly  so,  not  trifid;  body  very  slender, 
the  depth  less  than  length  of  head;  snout  very  sharp;  the  anterior  profile 
of  head  straightish  and  not  steep;  snout  2^  in  head;  eye  2  in  snout;  pec- 
toral moder.ite,  Ijf  in  head.  Color  in  spirits,  pale,  unmarked,  except  for 
the  small  black  spot  behind  eye;  in  life,  olivaceous;  a  row  of  round  sky- 
blue  spots  along  each  side  of  back;  a  broad  band-like  area  of  orange 
mingled  with  violet  spots  along  sides  backward  from  head  to  middle  of 
body,  the  lower  edge  of  this  band  serrate ;  below  this  a  pale  violet  baud, 
darker  behind;  still  lower  a  yellow  stripe;  head  olivaceous,  marked  wivh 
blue;  preorbital  scarlet,  with  3  violet  stripes;  opercles  bright  red,  with 
3  violet  stripes,  the  postocular  black  spot  in  the  uppermost;  dorsal  and 


.♦   h 


n 
if 


f 


warn 


ICOO  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 


II 


ii* 


m 


0^ 


n 


anal  oraii^u  itiul  yullovr,  with  blue  Hpotu;  oaiulttl  with  ronvei-K»nt  bands 
of  orange  lorining  roticulatiouH  iironud  blue  Hpota. 
Another  Hpccinien  is  deHcribed  aH  follows : 

Head  ajt;   depth  U.     1).  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  lli;  scales  2-25-0.     Body  very 
slender,  conipressc«l,  the  snout  rather  pointed,  :>^  in  head;  eye  inoderatc, 
5^  in  head.     Posterior  canine  large.     Dorsal  spines  low,  rather  slender, 
but  pungent,  lower  than  the  soft  rays;    caudal  \\\\  «-onvex,  its  2  outer- 
most rays  somewhat  produced;  pectoral  Ijj  in  length  of  head;  scales  on 
breast  small;  head  nuked.     Color,  when  fresh,  olivaceous  above;  a  row  oi 
round  sky-blue  spots  along  each  side  of  back;  a  broad  band-like  area  ol 
orange  intermingled  with  violet  spots  along  sides  from  lateral  line  about 
to  level  of  eye,  (extending  backwai-d  about  to  middle  of  body,  the  lower 
edge  of  the  orange  band  serrate;  below  the  orange  a  band  pale  violet, 
becoming  posteriorly  deep  violet;  still  lower  on  level  of  lower  edge  of 
pectoral  a  deep  yellow  band  about  as  wide  as  a  scale,  growing  narrower 
and  fainter  behind;  belly  pearly;  head  above  olivaceous,  marked  witli 
blue;  preorbital  and  suborbital  region  scarlet,  with  3  violet-blue  stripes, 
these    margined   with    cherry  red;    cheeks  below  lowest  violet    stripe 
translucent  yellowish;   opercles  bright  red,  with  about  3  obli(|ue  violet 
stripes,  the  upper  forming  an  obli(]ue  blotch  behind  eye,  in  the  middle  of 
which  is  a  round  black  ink-like  spot ;  no  dark  opercular  spol^;  chin  ])early ; 
iris  red;  dorsal  light  orange,  the  soft  part  with  3  rows  of  violet  spots; 
caudal  orange,  with  4  rows  of  spots,  the  orange  arranged  in  1  longitudinal, 
2  marginal,  and  2  convergent  orange  bands,  which  are  connected  by  reticu- 
lations around  blue  spots;  anal  with  a  basal  orange  spot  on  each  mem- 
brane, then  a  blue  spot,  then  a  broad  yellow  band,  then  a  narrow  blue 
band,  and  a  terminal  band  of  or<ange ;  ventrals  light  red ;  pectorals  pale 
violet,  yellow  at  base,  a  bluish  oblique  band  below  them;  blue  spots  of 
head  and  posterior  parts  clear,  sky  blue ;  elsewhere  of  a  violet  shade  and 
less  bright. 
West  Indies,  north  to  the  Snapper  Hanks,  off  Pensacola. 
This  species  is  known  to  us  from  a  number  of  specimens,  all  taken  frftm 
stomachs  of  Groupers  and  Snappers  on  the  SnajtpiT  Banks,  between  Pen- 
sacola and  Tampa.     We  identify  our  spe<'imens  with  the  pictus  of  Poe.y, 
altlioagh  while  agreeing  in  the  coloration  of  the  head  and  in  the  form  of 
the  tail,  they  differ  in  some  details.     In  pictiiH,  according  to  Poey.  the  body 
is  more  slender,  the  depth  5^  in  total  length,  tlie  eye  2  diameters  from  the 
coi-ner  of  the  mouth.     Color  blue  above;  in  front  of  middle  of  body  the 
sides  blood  red,  darker  on  the  head;  behind  the  middle  the  body  is  olive 
green;  blue  bands  on  the  head ;  scales  each  with  a  bluish  crescent;  caudal 
with  3  orange  bands  which  converge  behind;  dorsal  and  anal  orange,  the 
latter  with  2  blue  lines.    It  is  probable,  however,  thsitJulin  pictiia  is  iden- 
tical with  our  specimens,  an<l  perhaps  caudalis  is  the  female  of  the  same, 
lacking  the  red  shades  on  anterior  half  of  body,     {pictuft,  i)ainted.) 

Julis pietug,  Poet,  Memorina,  ii,  214, 1861,  Havana. 

riattiglosiua  pictut,  (iCintheu,  Cat.,  iv,  166, 1862. 

Platyglosmx  caudalis,  Jordan  &  Gn.nEKT,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1882, 286;  Jordan,  I.  c,  1884, 

37 ;  Jordan  &.  Hcohes,  I.  c,  1886, 64 ;  not  of  Poky. 
JIalichoeres  caudaU*,  Jordan,  Keview  Labroid  Finbea,  647, 1890;  probably  not  of  Poey. 


Jordan  and  Jivcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1601 
636.  OXYJULIS,  Gill. 

(HK^ORirAH.) 

DriijulU,  Oll.L,  Proc.  Ac.  Kiit.  Sci.  I'liila.  IH03,  SM  {inoiletitun). 

Body  very  Hlendor;  the  nnout  sliarp;  «-aiiine8  small,  2  aliove,  t  below; 
jiotttorior  canine  Hiiiall,  or  represented  by  n  Hlight  rudiment.  DorHal  Hpinen 
\«ry  slender  and  flexible,  not  all  pnnj^ent,  this  character  distinKiiisbing  the 
i,ri>i)UH  from  Julidio.  One  specieH,  ranginK  farther  northward  than  any  other 
lit' t\io  JnHdiiiw.     (oCt);,  sharp;  Julia.) 

200H.  OXYJIII.IS  rALIKOIlXUrS  (r.iiiitlier). 
(SbSokita.) 

Head  4;  depth  IL  D.  IX,  13;  A.  Ill,  1.3;  scales  28.  Body  very  slender, 
strongly  comprrssed ;  the  bead  slender,  with  sharp  snout;  snout  3  in  head; 
I've  5;  anterior  canines  small,  |,  the  upper  larger  and  divergent;  posterior 
caiiine  extremely  weak  or  wanting,  rarely  present  on  both  sides;  scales 
l>ofore  dorsal  much  reduced,  in  10  or  12  rows,  those  on  breast  considerably 
smaller  than  those  on  sides;  dorsal  spines  slender  and  flexible,  not  at  all 
pungent ;  caudal  truncate ;  voutrals  short,  the  first  ray  not  twice  the  length 
1)1"  the  inner  ray.  Color  olive  l)rown;  centers  of  scales  orange  brown; 
bflly  cream  color ;  sides  of  head  with  alternate  streaks  of  brown  and 
liluish ;  a  large  inky  blue-black  blotch  at  base  of  caudal,  covering  j^  of  fin ; 
membrane  of  base  of  spinous  dorsal  largely  indigo  blue;  fins  otherwise 
pale ;  lower  pharyngeals  essentially  as  in  Tridio,  the  large  teeth  more  acute. 
Length  7  inches.  Coast  of  southern  California;  common  about  rocks  and 
kelp  from  Monterey  to  Guadalupe  Island ;  one  specimen  taken  at  Sausalito, 
San  Francisco  Bay.  A  pretty  little  fish,  common  in  the  kelp  and  among 
locks. 

Jiilit  modettui,  Girabd,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.,  vii,  18.')4, 1.'>1,  San  Diego,  Monterey,  San 
Miguel;  Gikakd,  U.  S.  Pac.  R.  R.  Snr..  Fish.,  163, 1858;  Gux,  Prou.  Ac.  Kat.  S<'i.  Pliila. 
1S62, 142;  not  Julis  modeiitus,  Rlebker. 

Ifalichairet  ealifornieui,  GUnther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.S,  Vol.  viii,  1801, 380,  name, 
only;  substitute  for  Julis  modettug,  preoccu))ied. 

I'neudojulis  modestua,  GOnthek,  Cat.,  IV,  108,  1802;  Jordan  &  Gim'.ert,  Proc.  U.  .S.Nat. 
Mas.  1880, 455;  Jordan  \-.  Giliiekt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu».  1881, 10;  Jordan  &  Gii.hert, 
Proc.U.  S.  Nat.  Mu8. 1881, 225 ;  JoRUAN  &.  Giuiert,  Synopsis,  004,  1883;  .Jordan,  Cut. 
Fish.  N.  A.,  99, 1885. 

OxyjuUs  modestus,  GiLl.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  P'.iila.  1863, 331. 

Oryjulit  cali/arniaut.JoRiiAN  &  HUdllES,  Proc.  U  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1886, 65. 

I'Heudojulis  cali/ofnieus,  Jordan,  Review  Labroid  Fishes,  650, 1890. 

637.  EMMEEKIA,  Jordan  &  Evennr.nn. 

Kmmeekia,  Jordan  &  Evkrmann,  Chock-List,  413, 1896  {venustua), 

* 

This  genus  differs  from  PsendojitUa  only  in  the  presence  of  4  canines  in 
front  of  each  jaw  instead  of  2;  posterior  canine  wanting  or  represented 
by  a  slight  rudiment;   dorsal  spines  slender,  but  somewhat  pungent. 


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Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


(Niiiiied  for  ])r.  80th  Kii^nne  Meek,*  'laniBtant  cnrutor  of  /nnlog.v  in  the 
Field  Coluiiiliian  MuHttuin,  Cliicii^o,  in  recognition  of  his  work  on  Ann  ri 
can  lisheH.) 

i!009.  KNNKKKIA  VRNIISTA  (.IniikiiiH  A  Kveinianii), 

Head  3i^;  depth  :U ;  eye  5  in  lioiid.  I>.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  3-L'7  s. 
Itody  rather  slender  and  cotnprcsHt^d,  its  depth  less  than  length  of  head ; 
protile  ahove  eye  nearly  straight;  head  long  and  sh^nder;  suontlong;  t^yu 
small;  caudal  snbtriincata;  ventral  Hhort,  its  onter  ray  n«tt  produced,  iidt 
reaching  to  tips  of  pectorals;  posterior  canine  very  weak  or  wantin;;, 
rarely  jtresent  on  both  sides;  scales  before  dorsal  small,  in  10  or  12  seritH; 
scales  on  breast  small;  canines  slender,  }.  C«>lor  creamy  orange,  th*^  hark 
darker;  many  of  the  scales  of  back  and  upper  part  of  sides  each  witli  a 
vertically  oblong  dark-brown  spot;  one  of  these  at  u]»per  part  of  base  of 
caudal  more  distinct  than  the  others ;  a  narrow  dark  bar  across  base  of  ])oi;- 
toral;  a  horizontal  dusky  streak  thntugh  eye  and  snout;  tins  plain,  pale; 
male  with  a  vertical  blue-black  bar  behind  pecttorals,  mu<-h  as  in  IrUUn 
aemicinctiis.  Qulf  of  California;  rather  common.  Length  6  inches.  A 
pretty  little  fish,  known  to  us  from  numerous  specimens  ctdlected  at 
(•uaymas  by  .lenkins  &  Kvermanu,  and  also  from  specimens  taken  in  tlic 
(iulf  of  California  by  Dr.  Gilbert.     (renuHtiia,  pnstty;  from  Venus.) 

PieudojulU  veniutui,  .Iknkins  &,  Evkkmann,  Proc.  U.  S.  Xat.  Mas.  1888,  145,  Guaymas 
(Typi),  No.  396;il.  Coll.  JttnkiiiH  &  Evt^rinanu) ;  Jordan,  Kevi«!W  Labroid  Fishen,  (ir.t. 
1890;  EVBBMANN  &  .IKNKINS,  Vrw.  U,  8.  Nat.  MiiB.  1801, 100,  pi.  2,  flg.  5. 

638.  JULIDIO,  J«»rdan  &  Evermann. 

./^((Kdto,  .TORUAN  &.  KVRRMANN,  Chcck-Liat,  413, 180C  (adustns). 

This  genus  agrees  with  Iridio  in  all  respects  except  that  the  posterior 
canine  is  whidly  wanting.  Body  robust;  snout  pointed;  scales  b<!lbre  dor- 
sal large.  Canines  f;  dorsal  spines  pungent.  Caudal  rounded.  SpccieH 
American.  (From  Julis,  iovXii,  a  classical  name  of  related  species,  from 
iov,  violet.) 

a.  Depth  2^ ;  bead  3 ;  ventrals  rather  long,  reaching  nearly  to  vent;  the  inner  rays  i;  in 

tlie  outer;  scales  2-27-8.    Color  brown,  darker  at  bases  of  scales;  pectorals  piilo; 

other  flus  black;  soft  dorsal,  auul,  and  caudal  with  white  margins,  broadest  sit 

tip  of  caudal ;  sometimes  pale  wavy  lines  on  head.  a  dustits,  2010. 

aa.  Depth  3J ;  head  3} ;  ventrals  short,  the  outer  ray  not  nearly  twice  inner ;  scales  2-2'>-%. 

Color  olive;  young  with  a  silvery  lateral  streak;  back  with  4  or  5  indistinct, 

broad  dark  cross  bands,  these  forming  blotches  on  the  dorsal  fln,  one  of  these 

on  the  first  3  soft  rays  largest  and  (jnite  black;  angles  of  caudal  palo;  veiitrnls 

whitish,  with  a  broad  black  outer  margin.  N0T08PU,US,  2011 . 


8010.  JULIDIO  ADUSTU8  (Gilbert). 

Head  3* ;  depth  2f  (3i  with  caudal),  3  in  young ;  snout  3 ;  ey6  2^  in  snout. 
D.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  27.  Caudal  peduncle  If  in  length  of  hoiid. 
Four  strong  canines  in  lower  jaw,  2  in  the  upper,  directed  very  obliquely 


*  The  natural  derivative  from  "Meek"  is  preoccupied  in  Falffiontology. 


Jordan  and  Fvcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Anierica,      1003 


lorwnrd.  Hcal«'ii  not  rotitintird  ov«'r  iikmUiiii  Vww  of  impe,  7  or  H  in  front 
of  dorflul;  7  or  8  8t>ri«>H  of  HnilrH  on  l>r«>iiHt.  No  scnly  nlinitliH  ut  l)aB«)  of 
ilorHiil  or  iinal;  tnboH  of  liitcrul  lin<i  miirh  l)riinrh<>«l,  sonio  of  tlii'Ut  occa- 
<.i(>ually  Hiinple.  ('audal  rnnntletl,  tlir  outer  rayn  not  at  all  prodnrrd,  1) 
III  lirad;  ventralH  rathi>r  long,  roa(^hin>(  noarly  to  v«-nt,  tlix  inner  rays  IJ 
ill  tln^ outer;  poctoralHlf  in  liond;  dorsal  H|)in<-8 pungent.  Color  inspirits, 
I'Vt'rywht'ro  warm  Itrown,  darker  on  the  Itasus  of  the  Hcules;  puctoralH 
lighter;  other  iluH  black,  tho  Hoft  dorHal,  nnal,  and  caudal,  with  a  narrow 
white  margin  broader  at  tips  of  outer  <-uudal  ruyH.  In  one  Hpreinien  there 
iire  traeeH  of  wavy  lines  on  head,  perhaps  Iduo  in  life.  Revillagigedo 
Islands ;  B  Hpoeimeus  from  Socorro Islaud,  the  lougeHti)  inches  long,  {adualua, 
liiown  or  Hcon'hed.) 

l\<ieudojuli$  adiittiin,  (lU.nicuT,  Troc.  ir.  S.  Nnt.  Mua.  l^tM),  (M),  Socorro  Island.    (Typo, 
No.  44275.     Ci>\\.  Albatrom.) 

'iOll.  Jl'I.iniO  NOTONPILVN  ((iihitlier). 

Hoad  3i;  depth  3*.  D.  IX,  11;  A  III,  11;  oyoH  6  in  head;  snout  3t ; 
flcales  2-25-8.  liody  rather  stout;  snout  pointed;  profile  not  steep ;  dorsal 
Hpines  pungent;  first  anal  spine  very  slender,  hardly  distinguishable; 
c-audal  iin  rounded;  ventral  fins  with  the  out«*r  ray  not  produced,  its 
length  not  nearly  twice  that  of  the  inner  rays,  its  tip  not  reaching  to  tip 
of  pectoral;  scales  before  dorsal  in  about  6  aeries.  Coloration  of  adult, 
Uhw  green;  bar  across  base  of  pectoral  very  bi-ight;  no  dark  spot  behiml 
I'jo;  corners  and  tip  of  caudal  pale,  as  in  young;  cuich  scale  of  posterior 
part  of  body  with  a  small  sky-blue  spot  at  tip;  edges  of  scahts  bluish,  the 
base  olivaceous;  axil  blue,  golden  behind;  breast  and  throat  pale-salmon 
color,  with  bluish  streaks  and  shades ;  cheek  yellowish ;  snout  bine.  Young 
with  blue  spots  more  distinct,  especially  1  behind  eye.  Adult  with  4 
(lark  shades  on  back  extending  on  dorsal,  the  largest  at  front  of  soft  dor- 
sal; blackish  spot  diffuse,  not  ocellated;  caudal  with  faint  bluish  cross 
Ktr<;aks  on  faint  bronze  ground  color,  the  angles  broadly  whitish;  anal 
bronze  with  3  bluish  streaks,  tip  pale;  ventrals  dusky  edged.  Young 
colored  like  adult,  but  brighter,  a  paler  olive  streak  from  mouth  across 
opercle  above  pectoral  to  base  of  caudal,  this  obsolete  in  adult ;  dorsal 
unlike  that  of  adult;  lirst  dorsal  bronze  with  bluish  cross  streaks,  the 
large  black  blotch  ocelloted  with  blue  and  with  a  patch  of  bright  yellow 
before  and  behind  it,  interspaces  between  this  and  the  two  other  smaller 
black  spots  bright  ycliow  also;  Iduo  spots  in  yonng  more  distinct,  espe- 
cially 1  behind  eye,  which  disappears  with  age.  Length  6  inches.  Pacific 
Coast  of  Mexico ;  Mazatlan  to  Panama ;  generally  common  in  rock-pools, 
especially  about  Mazutlau,  whore  our  specimens  were  taken,  (v&ro?, 
back;  dnlXo?,  spot.) " 

Pteudojulit  notoapUui,  GUnthbr,  Froc.  Zool.  See.  London  1864,  20,  Panama ;  GCnthbr, 
Fish.  Cent.  Am.,  447, 1869;  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1885, 384;  Jordan,  Cat.  Fiah. 
N.  Am.  1885,99;  Jordan  &  Huohes,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mns.  1886,06;  Jordan, Kcview 
Labroid  Fisbea,  649, 1890;  Joboam,  Fishes  of  Sinaloa,  in  Froo.  Cal.  Ao.  Sci.  1895, 480. 


t: 


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rw  w^^  'w^  ivt'd'^w'J  Iff  »*%"wp«|iw"  V  *'^«M»" 


S* 


1004         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum, 


63g.  PSEUDOJULIS,  Itlnektr. 

l'»eutl<iJtiU»,  Iti.KKKKH,  TriN'. /iKil.  SiH.  Loiiiliiii  \Hn\,iyi  (niinrdi). 

Body  <'loii)(at«>,  coinpn-HHntl,  fctvunMl  with  lnrgi>  acaloa;  Inti^ral  line  rmi. 
tinnoiiH;  ourU  Jaw  with  2  ntroun  niiiiiiuH  in  front,  HOtl  with  no  triMr  „( 
posterior  cimint'N;  doiHiil  with  !)  pnngent  Hpincs;  iinal  witli  3  Hpiii«>H, 
(ifueral  charnctcr  of  UaUcharv»,  fVoni  wliich  fronus  PieudojuUn  ililiVrM  in 
the  liltHonce  of  poHterior  oiininoH,  and  in  having  3  anal  HpinoH.  Kpiciis 
of  flniall  iiix4>  fonnd  ahont  ronky  iHhindH  of  the  Pacillc;  t\w  typ<>,  Ph'k^Ii,- 
juliH  girartli,  is  an  KaHt  Iu«lian  Hp«>i-i(>H.     {tfifvSt'f?,  falHo;  Julh.) 

(I.  ItopHal  HpineH  Hlnnilor  anil  llrxiblo,  linily  very  Hlonder,  llio  <li*|»tli  !>  in  leii(;tli:  tint 

littatl'ijl:  caiitlal  tniiiciittt;  pcctoralii  and  vuntralH  very  Mliort ;  Hoali'M  not  nun  in. 

1I0IIH  ot'roHH  iiiedinn  lino  of  tm\u\  0  Horiit*  in  front  of  doranl.    C«>lor  Hourly 

iinil'orniolivuceoiiM;  a  fiilnt  tlarlc  atreali  I'orwanl  from  eye;  n  tiark  H|H>t  on  iik  h 

avalo  along  tliu  base  of  dorHal;  iiritloN  along  Iow<<r  hnlf  of  HidoH  edged  with  ]iiili'; 

Hlitnoim  dorHal  diiHky;  u  Mmall  black  Hpot  at  base  of  Hfth  ray  and  1  at  biiHii  nf 

luMt ray;  (Init  othorwlso  plain  traniliicent.  inornatub,  'ivil:. 

aa.  DorHol  aplnt'S  slender, but  pungent,  Itody  rather  Hlendor,  the  depth  4  in  h'nutli; 

head  3;  caudal  rounded;  pectorals  and  ventrala  Hhort;  sculeH  not  contiiiiiinH 

across  median  lino  of  nape;  8  series  before  dorsal.    Cohtr  olivaceous;  the  Inn  k 

and  sides  above  with  7  broad  dusky  cross  burs,  the  pale  interspaces  less  tiini) 

i  their  width,  these  bars  not  continued  on  the  dorsal  tin;  a  streak  forward  I'mih 

eye,  another  backward;  opercular  flap  with  a.|ut-black  spot,  which  lias  a  lirnaii 

pale  margin;  a  round  black  spot  at  base  of  caudal  above  the  median  ravx:  a 

dusky  simt  on  each  side  altovo  vent,  in  front  of  which  are  2  abort  silvery  ]iiiral 

lei  lines  down  and  forward,  with  traces  of  4  others:  a  small  Jet-black  H|iiit 

between  Urst  and  second  dorsal  spines;  fins  otherwise  plain  translucent. 

MKLANOTIS.  201  :i. 

8012.  P8EVD0JUL1H  INORXATUN,  Gilbert. 

Head  2|  (3^  in  total) ;  depth  5  (5J  in  total  length).  D.  IX,  12;  A.  Ill,  \'2 ; 
Hcalt^H  li-27-10.  JJody  vory  slender;  depth  of  caudal  pednnclo  11^;  snout 
3[  iu  hoad;  maxillary  A^,  equaling  dianiuter  of  orbit,  which  in  Ijj  in  hiioiiI, 
and  (equals  interorbital  width.  Two  (^auines  only  in  front  of  each  Jaw ; 
no  posterior  faniiu^H.  Distani^e  from  front  of  dorHal  to  occipnt  eqnaliii}; 
diHtance  from  latter  to  front  of  ttye.  Dorunl  spincH  Blender  and  ticxiltic, 
longest  soft  ray  2'i  in  head ;  caudal  trnncate,  the  outer  rays  not  produced,  1  'f 
in  head;  pectorals  and  ventrals  very  uhort,  the  outer  ray  of  the  latter  not 
at  all  produced ;  pi^ctorals  2  iu  head ;  ventralH  2%  not  nearly  reaching  vent. 
Scales  not  continuous  aerosH  median  line  of  nape,  6  serit^s  in  front  of  dorsal ; 
scales  ou  breast  much  reduced;  10  oblique  series  in  front  of  ventrals;  l.s 
scales  along  dorsal  portion  of  lateral  line;  no  scaly  sheaths  along  tlic 
bases  of  tins.  Ccdor  in  spirits,  nearly  uniform  olivaceon.s;  a  faint  <lnri< 
streak  forward  from  eye  to  end  of  maxillary ;  a  dark  spot  on  each  scale 
along  base  of  dorsal,  forming  a  faint  dark  streak ;  scales  along  lower  hall' 
of  sides  edged  with  whitish  (proliably  blue  in  life) ;  spinous  dorsal  dusky, 
a  small  black  spot  at  base  of  fifth  ray,  another  at  base  of  last  ray ;  fins 
otherwise  translucent,  unmarked;  iiis  bright  silvery.  This  species  is 
known  from  a  single  specimen,  3^  inches  long,  dredged  by  the  Alhatr<m 
off  the  west  coast  of  Mexico,  s(mth  of  Cape  San  Lucas.  (Gilbert.)  (inor- 
natua,  not  adorned.) 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1(M)5 


/'«.  tiilojiilU  itMrnalim,  (Iii.iikht   I'rtM-.  I'.  H.  Nut.  Mim.  IMIM),  t)7,  west  coast  of  Mexico,  at 

Albatroaa  Station  a8i9,  lut. 'J'J '  &'J'  N.,  Ioiik.  Km '  0.'i'  \V.,  in  :il  I'lttl im  ('l'y|M',  No. 

44U73)i  .luHUAN,  Ui<vii<w  Lnbroia  i<'iHli«n,6r>0,  IWMI. 

li4M».  FNKI'IMMri.lN  MI>:i,A>OTIN,  (!IIIh<H. 

IIimmI  :<  (3)  ill  tottil  hiiKtIi);  <l<-ptli  I  (4:i  in  totnl  IniKtli).  I».  IX,  12;  A. 
Ill,  IL';  Hruli'H  L'O.  Itutly  ruthrr  HluiHlt-r;  Hiiuiit  :<!|  in  hnul;  «',>••  Ij^,  i-i|iiiil- 
inu  l«Mi);tli  of  iiiiixillaiy.     Two  iintrrior  nitiiiii'H  in  nirli  Jiiw;   poHtnlor 

I'iMlllD'H  not  <l«>V«'lopl'«l.       UolHtll  Hpilll'H  ll«'\illlt<,   llllt    pllll){fll t,  tilt' Hol't  ni.VH 

'2\  ill  Ih'iiiI;  niiiilul  roniidfii,  tlH>  oiitur  riiyn  not  at  nil  pioiliK-fil ;  prrtoiiilH 
iiiiil  vciitriilH  nliort,  tli«^  tiutiM'  vciitriil  rnyn  not  proiliirt-il,  not  ri-uoliiiiK 
vnit;  )><*<'tortilH  lj{  in  1i<>imI.  Snil»Hiiot  croHHin^  iiii'diiin  liiir  ol'iitipr,  niiirh 
II  iIiu'imI  on  itH  aiiti-rior  portion,  in  H  olilii|nf  rows;  hciiIi-h  on  lirt'itHt  hiiiiiII, 
ill  !>  i-own;  noHcaly  Hlwatlm  to  fliiH.  ('oloi-  in  HpiritH,  light  olivacrouH;  tli*> 
liMck  aii«l  tipprr  part  of  hIiIi-h  with  7  liroii«l,  tiiink.y  <-roNM  Imuh;  the  li^ht 
iiit(<rH|iar«B  h-HH  than  ^  tliuir  width;  th<>H«>  barn  ar«^  diBthict  u\oufr  doraal 
oiitliiK',  luitait^  nut  uoiitiiiiu'd  on  tht<  dorsal  tin;  tlit>y  Im>roiiii>  partly  iiitrr- 
rii|iti-d  along  dorsal  portion  of  lateral  lino  anteriorly,  to  iH-conir  iiioHt 
|iiiiiniii«>iit  along  iniddlc  of  sldrM;  tlir  first  bar  iu  on  tlir  nape,  tlir  m-coiid 
iiiidcr  anterior  dorsal  Hpini^s;  a  dusky  strrak  from  eyo  forward  to  Hiioiit, 
iiiiil  another  backward  toward  opt'rnilar  aiigh';  operuiilar  flap  with  a 
jrtltlack  spot,  widely  margined  pcmteriorly  with  wliito;  a  round  blank 
H|iot  at  baHe  of  caudal,  above  the  median  rays;  a  dusky  spot  on  eaeh  side 
iiliove  veni,  in  front  of  which  are  2  short  parallel  silvery  lines  running 
olili(|U<dy  downward  and  forward;  faint  traces  of  about  4  other  silvery 
liiii'H  in  front  of  these  and  running  paraUel  with  them;  a  Hinall  Jet  blaek 
spot  on  membrane  between  tirst  and  second  dorsal  spines;  lins  otherwise 
tniusliiciMit,  unmarked.  (inU  of  C'lilifornia.  Known  from  1  example  2} 
iiieheslong,  dredged  by  the  Albatross.    (Gilbert.)    (//eArrs,  bloek;  ov?,  ear.) 

I'mKhjuliH  iMlanotiK,  OlLBKKT,  I'rw.  V.  S.  Nftt.  Muh.  1890,  67,  Quif  of  California,  at 
Albatross  Station  tSty  Int.  24°  22'  15"  N.,  long.  110^  111'  1.1"  W.,  in  7  fiithonis  (Ty|n', 
Hi).  44274);  Jordan,  Kevicw  Labroiil  FlHhcH,  650,1890. 


640.  CHLORICHTHYS,  Swainsou. 

Clilorirhthus,  Swainhon,  Nat.  Hist.  CIhsh.  FIhIiuh,  ii,  232,  1830  {hi/afciatuii,  etc.;. 
I'hlnriehthys,  ,Tordan,  Review  Labroid  Fiolies,  051,  1800  (reHtrictud  to  l»/agciahni,  etc.). 

IJody  oblonir  or  elongate,  iuod«M'ately  compressed,  covered  with  larg«» 
Hi'iilos;  lateral  line  continuous;  a  slight  sheath  of  seales  along  base  of  dor- 
fliil;  no  posterior  canine;  anterior  canines  ^;  dorsal  spines  always  K, 
usually  slender;  anul  spines  3,  the  third  slender,  like  a  soft  ray.  Head 
uiikod;  lower  pharyngeals  essentially  as  in  Halichares  and  Irid'to.  Species 
all  American,  so  far  as  known,  distinguished  from  the  very  closely  related 
Old  World  genus,  Thalassoma  Swainsou  {=Juli8,  Giinther ;  not  of  Cuvier)  by 
the  presence  of  3  anal  spines  instead  of  2.     ( >X<ap6i,  green ;  /^OvS,  fish.) 

a.  Caudal  flu  sliglitlj'  lunate  in  the  adult,  truncate  in  the  young. 

b.  Body  bioolor,  the  npper  lialf  blackish,  the  lower  pole ;  bmly  slender,  the  depth 
about  4  in  length ;  ventralH  Hhorter  than  pectorals,  not  fliauientods ;  upper  half 
of  body  dark  purplish,  tho  lower  lialf  abruptly  rosy,  the  dark  color  of  back 


IflOO  nullilin  /7,  r'uih'ii  Stah'x  Nafiotuxl  }rnsnon. 


m 


4 


r^f 


I 

J' 

I 


iH'i^ninlnK  ({rnilunlly  <lA<>p«r  tlowiiwnnl,  (IiIn  ronitlna  n  bmnd  hlnrkliih  Intcrnl 
Itiiiiil,  tlix  ciluo  of  wlilrli  i-iirv)-M  ii|iWiir<l  r.l  Ihimk  of  ritiiilnl ;  ii  t'uliil  Iiiimmi 
Htri'iik  Im'Iow  thtMlark  ;  iiiiilillt' lliDtof  Imuk  lilnik:  liciitl  liliick,  wllli  2  nId'uIvh 
dowiiwiinl  mill  rorwitnl  .'Voiii  vyo ;  ilnrHiil  iliirk,  witli  mIiHIhIi  iiiarKln:  iin.il 
browniHli,<liHtulliuir|iHli'i  iiiiiiliilyi'llowlMli,  Milli'J|iiir|ili'loiiKlluilliialliaiiiU 
i<\li<iiilliiK  ii|)uii  ill)' Ioii|{*<hI  rn.VH;  uvil  vvilli  it  imriiluiluti  IIimW  |M't'tornli|iiiK  ; 
0  Hiiiall  Mialca  iMtlore  ilDmal.  i.I'i.'Ananih,  U0|  i. 

Ub.  '  hMly  not  liioolor. 

e.  liutly  ratliiT  ilt-ep,  llii>  d<'|illiUliiU4  in  loii|{tli,n(|iiHl  to  leii|{tliot' liiiad;  iiii|in 
Hcult'tl  on  iiKMllan  Uiio;  8  or  U  hi'hI<<m  bi'l'oro  dorMal;  venlrnU  Hhorl,  llifi 
oiitor  riiyH  not  iinitliiriiili  inli'ro|)«)roli<H  ni<'i<tliiK  Ih>Iii\v  tlirout;  nciiIik 
Ti.  D.  VIII,  111;  A.  111,11.  ('ulorili'o|i  lirown.i'iK'li  Hi'ttli'  in  mIiIc Willi 
a  vortical  liliiiuli  barat  liaHimnil  niarKinml  witli  |ial<<  blur;  Hidimor  Ih'ihI 
tliiukly  covorod  with  bliio  MpotH  and  brokon  lini'M,  llioHt^  on  cliunk  raill- 
atinK  Inini  i-yni  dnrital  and  anal  iMirpllali,  a  Hiiliiiiar|{iiial  pulo  Htimk 
and  a  narrow  wliitii  niui'Kin ;  a  liliuik  blotch  on  front  of  H|ilnoiiH  dorsal , 
raiidal  brown,  tlio  oiitor  ra.SM  tippud  with  black  ;  pin-loralHaiid  viMitraln 
purpllali  at  baao,  with  yellowiiili  dktal  portion ;  dornal  HpinoH  Htron^. 

HIH'DKHOKNHIS,  JOI.'i. 

ce.  lioily  Hloiidnr,  oomproRHTd,  tint  di'ptli  about  4  in  loUKtli;  vuutrulM  iinn  h 

HliortiT  than  iioctoritlH. 

d.  Vt-nlralH  t^  in  |HM;torali«;  oHvo,  a  vlidvt  latonil  band,  broken  poHin- 

riorly  ;  dorsal  oli  vn,  witli  a  wliilo  niarciii,  dnrkt-r  bidow  it ;  a  dark 

blott'li  on  4  aiilurior  HpinuM;  a'. dark  Htri-ak  on  fuvli  tiandnl  lolic; 

axil  with  a  black  Hpot.  nhidih,  '201U. 

dd    ViintraU  '1\  in  jiKctoraU;  top  of  hiiad  and  back  hrilliaut  yellow,  tliix 

color  extitndiiiK  on  Hidim  of  head  and  tu  viuitrals;  u  1ui'k«  yellow 

bloti'li  on  caudal  tin;  lower  ]>art8  roHy  white;  a  maroon  liand 

baukward  froiueyit,  liruakinj;  upon  bixly  intoaneriesof  Oiiiiad- 

rate  npota  of  bottlu  green,  the  laHt  blotch  extending  on  outer 

rays  of  caudal;  dorHal  moHtly  greeniHli,  with  pale  margin,  a  dark 

blotch  between  Hucuud  and  tiftli  npiuuH;  poctoralH  pale;  vnii- 

train  yellow.  nitiuihhimi-h,  'JU17. 

aa.  (.'aiidul  tin  deeply  forked,  the  outer  raya  niiioh  produced,  eMpecially  in  the  adult. 

e.  Color  not  iiniforni  deep  green. 

/.  I'ect4iral  fin  with  n  large  blue  black  blntidi  near  its  tip;  basal  half  of  anni 
not  violet  black;  IicimI  and  caudal  tin  entirely.bluiHli  violet;  edge  of 
caudal  pale ;  obrtcure  paler  atreaka  on  Hide  of  head ;  breitat  to  vi^iitralH 
violet,  paler  than  head;  body  violaceoiiH,  ita  anterior  third  paler,  the 
Dcalea  poateriorly  eilged  with  dull  violet;  dorsal  dull  violet,  ita  buHc 
paler,  Uh  edge  wLitiHh;  anal  with  a  violet  h)  ipe  above  the  pale  edge. 

STEINDACIINKKI,  2U18. 

ff.  Pectoral  till  with  a  black  blotcli  at  ita  tip;  IxHly  bicolor,  the  anterior  and 

poaterior  halvea  ditl'ereut,  anterior  half  deep  blue,  the  bead  paler,  \\m- 

terior  half  Iiottle  green,  a  det^p-blue  band  ncroHH  body  covered  by 

pectoral ;  a  fainter  one  behind  gill  opening,  the  two  porhapa  Homet  Inio.s 

coaleacing;  tipiuoiiH  dorsal  dark ;  tip  of  pe<;toraldark;  caudal  pale,  its 

lobes  dark  blue  on  the  outer  part;   soft  dorsal  greenish;  anal  uml 

ventrals  bliiiah.  DiKASCiATrH,  201U. 

ff/.  I'ectt>ral  tin  not  black  at  tip;  body  not  bicolor,  bright  green  throughout. 

ench  scale  with  a  iiiirpliHhbaratbase;  head,  nape,  and  belly  purpliNli. 

the  head  with  4  green  Htreaks  on  each  side,  mar;;i>'ed  with  brown ; 

these  Htreakt>  continued  bacljward  as  wavy  green  streaks  on  breaHt: 

dorsal  and  anal  purplish,  with  a  wide  terminal  green  band  nearly  J 

width  of  tin ;  upper  and  lower  caudal  rays  purplish,  the  median  rays 

pale;  iioctorals  and  ventrals  pale,  a  sniull  bla<:k  blotch  at  base  of 

pectorals  above.    Head  3^ :  depth  3^ ;  scales  covering  median  lino  of 


Jordan  and  Ivvermann,  —I'ishtu  of  Xortli  .  hf/i'n'tv.      HM)7 


iii*|>«,  7  or  H  rowH  iN'I'orr  ilnrHitl,  cituilal  ili'Kply  liiiiul)<lii  imIiiII,  Mir 
oilier  riiyH  twlco  iii«hIIuii  »tu'»;  iiiiti-r  vent  ml  niVH  pnNliivi'tl,  nut  i|iiU<* 
twice  liiii«<r  I'liyMi  tliirMtil  H|iliM<H  |(unt{eiit.     I).  VIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  II, 

IIKA.MMATII'I'H,  '.•ll'JO, 

ft.  Color  iitiil'onii  lirltflit  i(r*'i<ii.  willioiit  well  <lt<llne<l  iinirkM  on  heuil  or  lio<l\. 
Iloiul  il  III  lenulli ;  (le|illi  alioiil  3;  Mealt'o  roiilliiiniiiii  uitiimh  mii|i«;  itltoiil  7 
roWH  lirrol'4i  ilorNlll;  MCilleM  'S7 ;   Oilier  nilltliil   lolit'M  nilll'li   |iro<liM'<'il,  1^   ill 

lieiiil;  outer  veiitriil  rii,VM  lllaiiiontoiiH;  ilorwal  H|iineN  |Min({eiil.     I>.  VIII, 

i:i;    A.  Ill,  II.  VIUKMM,  M'il. 


itralH 
r,  thci 

llUHH 

0<lKe. 

L>018. 

unil 


!!»ll.  nil.OUK'IITIiYN   IJICANAKIN  «illl). 

ileaiU;  tlopth  about  I.  D.  VUI,  13;  A.  Ill,  12;  hciiIun  •J-'Jii-H.  Ilnml 
iMtlKT  pttintod;  tloi-HiiI  HpiiioH  i)iiii((uiit;  vontrnlH  not  lllinmMitoiiN.  H<-iiI«'h 
iitliin*  iloraiil  Hiiinll.ti  in  niiinltor.  Ciiudal  liiniitr  in  lulult,  trnnciito  in  tlio 
yciiiM);,  tlio  black  outer  rnyn  productMl  Honiciwliat  boyonil  tho  otlus-H,  A 
broiitl  black  band  alon^  Hide,  itn  lower  ud^e  paHain^  uIouk  I«>wci- imI^' of 
i>vo  and  up))er  cd^o  of  puctoinl,  tbcn  alun)(  iniddio  of  Itody  curving  up- 
wind to  biiHH  of  upper  lobu  of  caudal;  belly  liclow  tbin  abruptly  |)ulcr, 
lirowniHb  poHturiurly;  u  faint  brown  Btroak  alonj;  HidcH  from  beliind  pec- 
tonil  to  middle  <»f  caudal  baHe;  dark  lateral  baud  fading  iuHuuHibly  above 
itilo  tbu  browu  hue  of  the  back;  upper  jiart  of  back  a^ain  Idack;  head 
nil  dark,  black  above,  thu  color  gradually  fading  beb>w  to  brown;  2  pain 
bluish  HtreukH  from  lower  part  of  eyu  downward  and  backward;  a  black 
H|)()t  at  upper  baHO  of  pectoral;  dornal  black,  with  u  narrow  pulo  margin 
oil  tlie  Hoft  part;  caudal  pale,  its  upper  and  lower  rays  abruptly  black, 
iind  narrowly  eilged  with  pale;  anal  brown  at  bane,  ])ale  at  tip;  pectoral 
iiiiiwn,  with  a  blackish  area  toward  tbu  tip.  Length  about  3j  incheH. 
liiilf  of  California,  in  rock  pooh.  Known  from  Cape  San  Lucas,  Ma/.atlan, 
luid  Trcs  Marias.  Hero  deHeribed  from  ',\  HpuciniunH  (No.  H715I,  U.S. Nat. 
Mus.)  brought  from  Tres  Marias  iHlands  by  Alphonso  Forrer. 

,hili»  liiramnu».iiUA-,  I'nx'.  Ac.  Nut.  S(!i.  Pliila.  18B2, 142,  Cape  Son  Lucas;  (iONTHKK,  Cut., 

IV,  1«4, 18«2;  JoKiiAN  &  iiiUiKKT,  I'roc.  V.  S.  Nal.  Mum.  18H2,  :t(17. 
ThiildtHitiita  liiramiivm,Jo\i\>AV,  Cat.  Fi«li.  N.  Am.,  98,  IHK.'i;  .louiiAN  &.  llroHBM,  I.e.,  1886, 

U8;  JuKDAN,rroc.  U.S.  Nut.  MiiH.  1888,  ua:i;  JoUDAN,  Keviow  Labroiil  KIhIidh,  052, 181)0. 

8015.  (IIIiORirHTIlYK  KO<'OBItOKNSIN  (liillioit). 

llead:Uo3i;  depthHtoSi.  I).  VIII,  13;  A. Ill,  U;  8cabH2-27-H.  Depth 
of  caudal  peduncle  2.!  in  head;  maxillary  3j ;  snout  2j{ ;  interorbital  ij(. 
Interoperclos  meeting  below  on  median  line  of  throat.  Scales  reducetl 
on  broaift  antl  nape,  the  latter  Hcaled  over  uie<lian  line ;  8  or  0  scales  in  a  row 
along  nape,  arranged  in  5  or  (i  oblique  series;  13  obli«|uo  rowu  on  breast; 
well-developed  scaly  sheaths  along  bases  of  dorsal  and  anal,  and  series  of 
HcaloH  running  out  «m  membranes  between  rays  of  caudal.  Outer  caudal 
rays  little  produced,  the  outline  of  fin  greatly  concave,  longest  ray  equal- 
ing length  of  head  in  front  of  prooporcular  margin ;  ventrals  short,  the 
outer  rays  not  produced,  the  inner  rays  cimtained  I'i-  in  length  of  outer ; 
pectorals  short  and  broad,  lit  i)i  head;  dorsal  S]>iu«'8  strong  and  sharp. 
Deep  brown,  each  scale  on  sides  with  a  vortical  bluish  bar  at  base,  nar- 


I 


11 


■^a^ys^KET- 


1608         liuUctin  47,  Utiited  States  National  Museum. 

rowly  margined  with  lifrht  l-.Iue;  Hidea  of  licud  thickly  covered  wiih 
Hiiiall  purplish  or  hliiiHh  spotu  and  broken  lines  niargiuod  with  dark<  r 
hlue,  those  on  clicoks arranged  in  lines  radiating  t'roni  the  eye;  dorsal  iiml 
anal  purplish,  a  sultniarginal  light  stntak  (prohaldy  blue  in  life),  au<l  a 
narrow  white  margin;  a  blat'k  blotch  on  anterior  rays  of  spinous  dorHiil; 
pectorals  and  ventralb  purplish  at  base,  with  more  or  less  orange  (U-  yellow 
on  distal  portion;  caudal  brownish,  the  out«'r  rays  tipped  with  ItbiiK. 
Keviilagigedo  Archipelago,  abundant  at  Hocorro  Island;  th<^  longest '<\.i:.i. 
men  known,  10^  inches  long,    ((iilbert.) 

Thalaimoma  Hoeorroense,  (riLBKiir,  I'nx;.  V.  S.  Mut.  Miia.  IHIHI,  09,  Socorro  Island  ('I'yim 
Ko.  43081.    Coll.  Albatro»a)  -,  Jokuan,  Kuvicw  Labroiil  Fii«lic»,  653, 1890. 

2010.  l^ilLOitlClITHYS  NITIDVK  ((iiiiither). 

Head  3J  (4i  in  total) ;  depth  4  (4i  in  total).  D.  VIII,  i:^;  A.  II  (III).  J  J ; 
scales  2-26-8.  N«>  poHterior  canine  tooth.  Dorsal  spines  pungent,  shorter 
than  the  rays;  caudal  lobes  very  slightly  produced;  the  length  of  tbo 
ventral  |  of  that  of  the  pectoral.  Color  in  spirits,  a  violet  baud,  uuiteil 
with  its  fellow  on  the  snout,  runs  through  the  eye  and  ac-ross  the  bend  ol' 
the  lateral  line  to  the  caudal,  sometimes  broken  up  into  large  sixits, 
forming  a  single  series;  dorsal  iin  brownish,  darkest  toward  the  margin, 
which  is  white;  a  black  blotch  between  the  4  anterior spiut^s;  ana!  white; 
caudal  with  i^  blackish  streak  along  each  lobe;  a  black  spot  superiorly  in 
the  axil  of  tue  pectoral,  which  is  transparent.  Jiimuica  (GUuther);  uot 
seen  by  us.     Length  3  inches,     {nit'idua,  shining.) 

Julii  nitida,  GUnther,  Cat.,  iv,  190, 1862, Jamaica.    (Coll.  Dr.  I'arnell.) 
Thalaisoma  nitidum,  Jukdan  &.  Hughes,  Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.  1886, 68;  Jordan,  Keviow 
Labroid  Fishes,  653, 1890. 

8017.  CilLORlVHTHYS  MTIDI8S1MUN  (Uuode). 

Head  3|;  Depth  4.  D.  VIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  11 ;  scales  2-2&-8.  Body  slender, 
compressed;  ventrals  very  short,  2jt  in  pectorals.  Top  of  head  and  back 
brillii»:<t  yellow,  this  color  extending  on  sides  of  head  and  to  ventrals ;  a 
large  yen*,  w  blotch  on  cau<lal  fin ;  lower  parts  rosy  white;  a  maroon  band 
backward  from  eye,  breaking  up  on  body  into  a  series  of  6  quadrate  spots 
of  bottle  green,  the  last  blotch  extending  on  outr-r  rays  of  caudal;  dors.il 
mostly  gr«H>ni8h,  with  pale  margin,  a  dark  blotch  between  second  and  fifth 
spines;  pectorals  pale;  ventrals  yellow,  Bermudas  (Goode) ;  not  seen  by 
us;  probably  not  distinct  from  Chlorichthya  nitidua.*  (nitidimmua,  most 
shining.) 

Julii  nitidissima,  GoouE,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  and  Arts  1877, 293,  Bermuda.    (Coll.  Goode.) 


*  In  describing  Julis  nitidissima,  Professor  Goode  indicates  liis  suspicion  that  it  is  idfii- 
tictil  v'ith  Jidix  liitida.  The  only  tangible  distin<'tion  would  bi^  in  the  length  of  the  ven- 
trals, §  the  pectorals  in  C.  nitidus  and  ^  in  C.  nitidisrimiis.  Tht-  other  ditference-s  may  bn 
dne  to  the  fact  that  the  type  of  nitidistimus  was  freshly  caught ;  thosn  of  nitidus  •preserved 
in  alcohol. 


m    V 


Jordan  and  Evermann.     Fishes  of  North  America.      1609 


1018.  OIILOItlCIITilYH  STKIXDACIiNKRI  (Jordan) 

Heiul  4  in  totiil,  to  otul  of  middl**  caudal  rays;  depth  5;  scales --27-9. 
(  iiiulal  deeply  forked,  its  produced  rays,  as  also  the  head,  bluish  vioh-t; 
lower  and  posterior  edge  of  caudal  pah;;  olmrure  paler  streaks  on  side  of 
Iliad;  breast  to  voutnils  vitdot,  palt-r  than  head;  body  violacooiis,  its 
.Ulterior  third  paler,  the  scales  posteriorly  edged  with  dull  violet;  dorsal 
(lull  violet,  its  base  paler,  its  edge  whitish  ;  anal  with  a  violet  stripe  above 
tlio  pale  edge.  Pectoral  tin  wltli  a  large  blue-black  blotch  pointed 
forward  toward  its  tip.  Acapulc  >;  1  specimen  D.J  inchet<  long  (.St«  iudaeh. 
nor) ;  not  seen  by  us. 

Dr.  Steindachner  observes:  "An  exaniph^  caught  at  Acapulco  agrees  on 
the  whole  so  closely  with  ,Ui\\s  melanochir  that  I  <'an  only  op  account  of  its 
color  regard  it  as  a  variety  of  that  species.  Julia  melanochir  coiucs  very 
aiiiindantly  on  the  coast  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  it  may  from  thence 
extend  its  range  to  the  west  coast  of  North  America,  which,  on  the  whole, 
possess  but  few  Labroids."  Inasmuch  as  this  account  of  th»i  Acapulco  fish 
differs  considerably  from  Juli8  melanochir  as  shown  in  Hleeker's  figure,  and 
as  the  Labroid  fauna  of  the  west  coast  o»'  Mexico  is  in  general  wholly 
unlike  that  of  the  western  Pacific,  it  is  probable  that  vhe  lish  fnmi  Aca- 
pulco is  not  identical  with  Julia  melanochir. 

(Named  for  Dr.  Franz  Steiadachner,  the  discoverer  of  the  species.) 

.hiUa  melanochir,  Steindachneii,  Ichtli.  Hoitr.,  in,  03,  1875, specimen  I'roni  Acapulco;  not. 

of  liLGKKER,  Act.  Soc.  Sc.  Indo  Xederl.,  vui,  77,  1859. 
Thalassoma  steindachnen,  Jordan,  Koviow  Labroid  I'ishc!".  654,  1890,  Acapulco;   alter 

Steindachneh. 


'5' 


i   ;■ 


4- 


2019.  CHLOBIIHTIIYS  BIPASCIATl'S*  (Blocli). 

Head  3^;  depth  3h  D.  VIII,  13;  A.  11,11;  scales  2-27-9,  Caudal  fin 
deeply  forked,  the  outer  rays  much  produced,  especially  in  the  adult. 
Hody  bicolor,  the  anterior  and  posterior  halves  ditt'erent;  anterior  half 
deep  blue,  the  head  paler,  posterior  half  bottle  green,  a  dee)*  blue  band 
across  the  body  covered  by  pectoral;  a  fainter  one  behind  gill  opening, 
the  two  perhaps  sometimes  coalescing;  spinous  (lorsaldark;  tip  of  pec- 
toral dark;  caudal  pale,  its  lobes  dark  blue  (m  the  outer  part;  soft  dorsal 
greenish ;  anal  and  ventials  bluish.  West  Indies ;  not  uncommon ;  known 
from  Cuba,  Jamaica,  San  Domingo,  and  Martinique,  {hi/asciatus,  two- 
banded.) 

Labrus  capite  ohtugo.  Gkonow,  Zoopliyl.,  No.  243,  1781,  Antilles. 
I.ttbrvshifas„iatut,  l5i,o(H,Iclitliy.,  131,  jd.  283,  1792,  West  Indies. 

I.abrux  hi/axciatiig  var.  torquatus,  Bloch  «Sc  ScHXEmEB,  Syst.  Ichth.,  243,  1801,  Antilles; 
lifter  Gboxow. 

*  "  HPiitl  and  iris  very  dark  jiurple ;  bo  ly  to  tip  of  pectorals  blaclc,  posteriorly  green,  tlie 
liaaei' of  tliesciiles darker;  caudal  pedunule dusky;  greenisli  on  sides;  apale  jfreenish  liand 
across  back  and  sides  tlirough  front  of  spinous  dorsal;  outer  rays  of  eaiidal  black,  inner 
white;  sjiinous  dorsal  bl<i<'k,  soft  dorsal  ;;reonish  witli  a  pale  margin ;  anal  greenisii,  dusky 
anteriorly;  pectoral  white,  the  tips  and  base  black;  outer  rays  of  ventrals  black,  others 
pale,  head  without  color  markings,  but  the  numerous  pores  on  the  cheek  seem  to  have 
mucous  tubes  r.idiating  from  the  eye.  I'ectoral  black  at  tip."  (Jordan  aud  Kutter: 
iSpeciinuns  from  Jamaiua.k 

3030 24 


1610  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


m  '■ 

1 

'  ftt*' ' ' 

'if 

■  k5  ■  ■ 

1 

■ll  ■ 

:i 

Julii  deteraor,  Cuvier  &  Vai.Rncibnnes,  Hist.Nnt.  PoIhs.,  XIII,  408,  1839,  San  Domingo; 

Martinique ;  UI^ntiibk,  Cat.,  i\r,186, 1862. 
Lahrv*  omaUu,  Ghonow,  Syst.  Nat.,  £d.  Gray,  83,  1854,  Antilles;  after  Lahrus  capii^- 

obtuso;  not  of  Carmicharl. 
Jxilig  gillia..us,  I'OKY,  Memorias,  ii,  214,  1860,  Cuba. 
Chloriehthyi  bi/aiciaUu,  Swainson,  Nat.  Iliut.  Class.  Fisli.,  ii,  232, 1830. 
Julig  bifagciata,  GCntiieb,  Cat.,iv,  186,1862. 
Julia  bi/a$eiatui,  PoKV,  Enuniemtio,  107,1876. 
Thalangoma  bi/asciatum,  Jordan  &  Huohes,  Proc.  U.  S.  .Nat.  Mus.  1886, 68;  Jordan,  Vmr. 

TT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1886,  540  (types  of  Julia  deteraor)  -,  Jordan,  Koviuw  Labroid  Fishis, 

6&4, 1800. 
Thalaaaoma  bi/ateiatua,  Jordan,  Beviow  Labroid  Fishes,  56. 

2020.  ClILOKICilTHYN  URAMMATICUS  (Gilbert). 

Head3ito3J;  depth  3  to  3i;  t^ye  2i  in  snout.  D.  VIII,  U'j  A.  IIi,  11. 
Maxillary  4^  iu  head ;  BUoiit3;  iutororbital  width  4.  Two  canines  in  front 
of  each  jaw;  no  posterior  canines;  teeth  gradually  enlarging  towartl 
front  of  each  jaw,  those  next  the  anterior  pair  not  more  than  t  their 
length.  Interopercles  gr»'atly  produced,  meeting  or  overlapping  on  me 
dian  line  below.  Scales  somewhat  reduced  on  nape  and  breast,  cimtiunuus 
over  median  line  of  nape;  7  or  8  oblique  rows  in  front  of  dorsal,  9  or  10 
series  in  front  of  ventrals;  well-detined  sheaths  at  bases  of  dorsal  and 
anal.  Caudal  iiu  very  deeply  lunate,  the  outer  rays  greatly  produced, 
forming  lobes  nearly  twice  as  long  as  median  rays  in  the  adult,  but  little 
produuod  in  the  young;  outer  ventral  rays  produced,  not  twice  length 
of  inner  rays,  not  reaching  vent;  pectorals  1^  in  head;  dorsal  spin<>s  pun- 
gent. Bright  green,  each  scale  of  sides  with  a  purplish  bar  at  base ;  head, 
nape,  breast,  and  belly  purplish,  the  head  with  4  green  streaks  ou  each 
side  margined  narrowly  with  brown ;  tlie  lowermost  bar  runs  ou  mandi- 
ble, lower  preopercular  margin,  and  interopercle;  the  second  runs  from 
mandibular  articulation  across  cheek  ar.d  subopercle,  showing  a  strong 
upward  curve  below  eye;  the  third  is  neurly  parallel  with  the  second,  run- 
ning from  angle  of  mouth  to  opercular  margin,  passing  through  lower 
margin  of  orbit;  the  fourth  runs  backward  from  orbit  to  upper  posterior 
angle  of  opercle,  then  downward  along  margin  of  operclo  to  base  of  pec- 
toral ;  these  streaks  are  continued  backward  more  or  less  as  wavy  green 
stn'aks  on  breast  and  sides  below  pectorals;  dorsal  and  anal  purplish 
with  a  wide  terminal  green  bar  nearly  i  as  wide  as  fin ;  upper  and  lower 
caudal  rays  purplish,  the  median  rays  light;  pectorals  and  ventrals  liglit 
purplish;  a  small  black  blotch  on  base  of  pectorals  above.  Revilla- 
gigedo  Archipelago;  abundant  at  Socorro  Island;  a  single  specimen 
from  Clarion  Island,  the  largest  obtained,  11^  inches  long.  (Gilbert.) 
(ypajujiKxriHo?,  streaked.) 

Thalassoma  tjrammatictim,  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1890, 68,  Socorro  Island ;  Clarion 
Island  (Type,  No.  43083.    Coll.  Albatrosa) ;  Jordan,  Koview  Labroid  Fishes,  655, 1890. 

2021.  CHLOBICIITHYS  VIRK\S  (Gilbert). 

Head  3;  depth  about  3.  D.  VIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  27.  Depth  of 
hc^ad  Ii  in  its  length;  maxillary  3i  in  head;  snout  2f  to  2*;  eye  3j^  in 
snout;  interorbital  width  i  snout.    Two  strong  canines  in  front  of  each 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1611 


jiiw,  tho  other  teutb  increasing  in  Imgth  uutoriorly,  but  not  nearly  equal- 
iij<r  untt'riur  pair;  no  pustvricr  cauiut>8.  Scales  on  breaHt  and  nape  re- 
(liice«l  in  si/e,  the  latter  continnous  over  the  median  line  of  nape,  in  about 
7  rows  in  front  of  dorsal;  about  10  oblique  rows  on  breast;  27or2KtrauB- 
VI  rso  rowH  on  Hides;  2  full  series  of  scales  above  lateral  line,  and  4  or  r> 
siiiiill  scab's  along  base  of  fin.  Depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2,1^  in  head ;  outer 
( audal  lob<'S  greatly  i)roduce<l,  1^  in  lu'ad,  th»*  nii<ldle  ])ortion  truncate,  A 
li  iigth  of  head;  outer  ventral  rays  produced,  but  not  nearly  reaching 
;iiial,  twice  tho  h'ngth  of  the  inner  rays,  \  length  of  head;  pectoral  \?. 
ill  head.  Dorsal  spines  strong,  pungent.  Uniform  bright  green,  with- 
iiiit  distinguishing  streaks  or  spots  on  head  or  1)ody.  lievillagigodo  Archi- 
liolago;  very  abundant  at  Socorro  Island;  tht^.largest  specimens  seen,  13 
iiicbes  long.     (Gilbi'rt.)     (rirt'H«,  green.) 

T/nii((Mo»ia  i'ire»i«,  (■"•HEKT,  Proc.  IL.S.  Nut.  :Miia.  18!»0,  (!8,  Socorro  Island  (Coll.  iltba- 
trats) :  JoKDAN,  licview  Labroid  Fishoa,  655,  18!)0. 


641.  DORATONOTUS,  (Jiinther. 

Ihratonotus,  GI^ntheii,  Cat.  Fishes  Hrit.Mu8.,iv,  124, 1862  {me!)ale2>U). 

Body  compressed;  head  not  compressed  to  an  edge  anteriorly,  its  pro- 
file in  front  straight  or  concave;  preorbital  not  vi^ry  deep;  mouth  rather 
wide;  teeth  in  a  single  sca-ies,  2  large  canines  in  front  of  each  jaw;  a  pos- 
terior canine;  (thocks  and  oporclcs  scaly;  gill  membianes  united,  free 
liora  the  isthmus;  scales  large;  lateral  lino  interrupted  behind,  beginning 
again  lower  down;  dorsal  tin  with  9  strong  pungent  spines,  some  of  the 
initerior  elevated,  the  median  spines  short,  so  that  the  outline  of  the  fin 
is  concave;  caudal  rounded.  Colors  brilliant.  Size  small.  This  genus 
contains  a  single  species,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  tlie  Lahr'xhr,  and 
tlie  genus  to  which  it  belongs  is  one  of  the  best  defined  in  the  group. 
{66(iaroz,  spear;  j'&irof,  back.) 


B' 


2023.  DORATONOTIN  MKOALEPIS,  Giinther. 

Head2f ;  depth  L'f.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  9;  scales  l.V-20,  6,V  pores.  Body 
much  compressed,  moderately  eh-vated,  its  greatest  width  behind  head 
f  of  its  height;  caudal  peduncle  short  and  deep,  its  length  but  little 
more  than  A  its  height;  profile  from  dorsal  to  nape  convex,  carinated; 
occiput  and  supraorbital  region  depressed  and  Hat,  the  snout  protruding, 
the  profile  of  top  of  head  thus  strongly  concave.  Snout  slender,  sharp, 
compressed,  its  length  3,^  in  iiead ;  mouth  wide ;  maxillary  4  in  head ;  teeth 
H;rowing  gradually  larger  anteriorly,  the  2  front  teeth  in  each  jaw  dis- 
tinctly the  "largest,  canine-like,  diverging,  opposed  to  each  other;  a  small 
but  distinct  posterior  canine  in  upper  jaw,  none  in  the  lower;  eye  mod- 
erate, little  wider  than  interorbital  width,  5  in  head;  cheeks  Avith  a 
single  series  of  large  scales,  4  in  number;  opercle  covered  with  5  or  6 
similar  scales;  gill  membranes  broa<lly  united,  free  from  the  isthmus. 
Dorsal  spines  robust  and  pungent,  the  first  3  with  conspicuous  filamen- 
tous appendages;  first  and  second  spines  with  their  filaments  about  equal, 
\\  in  head;  withouttheiriilaments  the  second  spine  is  slightly  the  longest, 


.i   > 


I  ifii|i,iij..iii)mjjiipmn«i  .ji(sii!iujii|i)Hi  f,- 


ri 


1612         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


equaling  distauct!  ftom  end  of  snout  to  middle  of  oye;  the  tin  rapid iy 
dencends  to  the  fourth  spinu,  which  is  ^  as  long  as  tli«^  second,  then  griKU 
ually  risos  to  the  ninth  and  highest,  which  is,  however,  shorter  than  tlut 
following  soft  rays;  longest  soft  ray  1^  in  head;  anal  spines  similar  to 
those  of  dorsal  fin,  the  longest  about  Ahead;  caudal  evenly  convex,  il.s 
l()ng«>8t  ray  1^  in  head;  ventrals  short,  about  \  length  of  head,  an  elou. 
gate  scale  between  thorn  at  base;  pectorals  reaching  beyond  tbe  ventrals, 
but  not  to  veut,  If  in  head.  Membranes  of  vertical  fins,  with  elong!ir(> 
scales  on  basal  portion;  lateral  line  following  outline  of  back  1  hc!iIi> 
beyond  end  of  dorsal  fin,  thence  intermitted  and  continued  on  4  scaleH  of 
middle  of  caudal  peduncle.  Color  in  life,  very  intense  grass  green,  ahoiit 
uniform  over  the  body;  head  more  yellowish,  slightly  paler  below;  oiitu- 
cles  mesially  a  little  darker ;  iris  red,  with  a  green  ring;  dorsal,  anal,  ami 
caudal  grass  green,  mottled  with  light  orange ;  tips  of  lower  spines  greeu, 
of  short  ones  orange;  ventrals  deep  green,  the  membranes  largely  orange; 
pectorals  light  yellowish.  Length  2J  inches.  West  Indies  north  to  Key 
West,*  rare.  Here  described  from  the  type  of  Doratonotus  thalaaainnt, 
obtained  with  a  seine  in  eelgrass  at  Key  West.  One  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful of  American  fishes,     {/.leyaz,  large;  Xeiri?,  scale.) 

Doratonotni  megalepia,  OCmthgk,  Cat.,  iv,  125, 1862,  St.  Kitts ;  Jordan,  Knview  Labr  >iil 

FiahoB  655, 1890. 
Doratonotm  thalainnus,  Jordan  &  Gii.beht,  Proc.  U.S.Nat.  Mua.  1884,28,  Key  West. 

(Type,  No.  34a69,  U.  S.  N.  M.    Coll.  Jordan.) 


642.  XYRULA,  Jordan. 

Xyrula,  Jordan,  Beview  of  Labroid  Fislies,  656, 1890  (jetsicB). 

Scales  very  large,  about  20  in  the  lateral  line,  which  is  placed  on  tlie 
first  row  of  large  scales  below  the  dorsal  sheath ;  head  not  trenchant  above, 
otherwise  as  in  Xyrichthys.  A  single  species  from  rather  deep  water.  (A 
diminutive,  suggested  by  Xyrichthya.) 

S033.  XTRVLA  JESSI.E  (Jordan). 

Head 3J ;  depth  3^.  D.  IX,  12 ;  A.  (probably)  HI,  12 ;  scales  about  f-20-7. 
Body  oblong,  rather  more  elongate  and  rather  less  compressed  than  in 
species  of  Xyrichthya.  Head  rather  less  deep  and  less  trenchant  anteriorly 
and  superiorly  than  in  X.  2>sittacu8,  its  anterior  outline  boldly  convex 
rather  than  parabolic.  Depth  of  preorbital  from  eye  to  angle  of  mouth 
2^  in  head  (2,^„  in  X.psittacua).  Cleft  of  mouth  4^  in  head;  anterior  in- 
cisors strong,  I  as  in  X.paittacua.    Eye  moderate,  4|  in  head.    No  trace  of 


*  Of  this  exquisite  little  fish  only  5  specimens  are  known :  (1)  The  type  of  D.  me<jalepis 
a  specimen  in  poor  condition  fron»  St.  Kitts ;  (2)  the  type  of  Z>.  thalatsinus,  a  swecinien  in 
fine  condition  from  Key  West,  now  in  the  U.  S.  National  Mnseiini;  (3)  a  thira  specimen 
sent  by  Professor  Poey  from  Havana  to  the  museum  <it  Cambridge;  and  (4)  2  speci- 
mens taken  by  Dr.  James  A.  Henshall  at  Garden  Key.  These  last  specimens  have  tho 
snout  less  slender  than  in  the  original  types,  but  tliis  diilerence  may  be  due  to  tlicir 
greater  age. 

We  have  little  doubt  of  the  identity  of  D.  fhalannmt*  with  D.  megalepis,  thr  diight  dif- 
ferences in  the  descriptioua  being  apparently  due  to  the  poor  condition  of  Dr.  Giinther'» 
specimous, 


imi::'^ 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1613 


KCiilea  on  cheeks;  lon^^th  of  cheek  n  little  move  than  \  itn  height  (oiuch 
IfiHH  than  A  in  A'.  pHiltaciia).  Scaiea  very  large,  the  lateral  line  rnnning 
;iliing  the  back  on  the  lirHt  complete  aeries  of  HcalcH.  (Owing  to  the  inju- 
ries wliich  the  specimen  has  received  the  nnmber  of  scales  can  not  bo 
csiictly  connted.  It  is,  howevek-,  apparently  20  or  21.)  Itotween  the  sixth 
spine  and  the  sevcntli  soft  ray  of  the  dorsal  H  scuUts  remain.  In  the  same 
distance  on  .W psUtaciis  there  are  •!  scales,  the  total  nnmber  in  the  lateral 
lino  being  abont  27.  The  tins  are  nil  injured  by  the  digestive  process,  and 
ill r  not  evidently  different  from  similar  parts  in  A'.j<«»7<a'H«.  The  dorsal 
sjiines  seem  rather  more  slender,  the  anterior  spines  not  prodnc<>d,  the 
.soft  rays  of  the  yen trals  filamentous.  Color  in  life,  uniform  scarlet  red; 
the  sides  more  yellowish;  no  blue  spots  or  lines  anywhere.  Snapper 
I'.anks  olf  Tampa  Hay,  Florida;  from  the  stomach  of  a  lar^e  gronper;  the 
typo  in  rather  bad  v  ondition  on  account  of  having  been  partly  digested. 
Length  of  typical  exatuple  6J  inches.  (Named  for  Mrs.  Jessie  Knight 
.Ionian.) 


Xiirichthii  jemiw,  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1887,  098,  off  Tampa  Bay. 

;ii)420.    Coll.  CIms.  H.  Bollmaii.) 
Xi/nila  jetsia;  Jordan,  Uevlow  Labroid  Fialie«,fl56, 1800. 


(TyiMi,  No. 


643.  NOVACULICHTHYS,  IJleeker. 


S'lii'aeulichthyi,  Bleekkk,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London  1801, 414  {macrolepidotut). 
niiiialacocentrut,  Gu.L,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1803,  223  {kallonoma);  "tirst  two  dorsal 
spines  more  or  less  detached." 

This  genus  is  very  close  to  XijrichthijH,  from  whi«rh  it  diflFers  chiefly  in 
buving  the  upper  profile  of  the  head  more  or  less  obtuse,  not  cnltrate; 
the  preorbital  is  less  elevated  than  in  Xyrichthya,  and  the  first  2  dorsal 
spines  are  flexible,  sometimes  spaced,  produced,  or  otherwise  distinguished 
I'roiii  the  others,  but  not  forming  a  separate  fin ;  ventrals  sometimes  pro- 
(lir;ed ;  cheeks  naked,  or  with  a  few  small  scales  below  the  eye.  Species 
riither  nnmerous;  the  group  apparently  intergrading  with  Xyrichthya. 
{HovacHla,  razor;  Z^Oi)?,  fish.) 

((.  Two  anterior  spines  of  dorsal  flexible,  sometimes  elevated,  always  difterent  from  the 
remaining  spines;  ventral  tins  much  produced  in  the  adult,  shorter  in  the  young; 
a  few  sc.iies  below  eye. 
6.  Scales  23  or  24;  third  and  fourth  spines  of  dorsal  lowest,  the  spines  thence 
slightly  increasing  to  the  last;  second  spine  connected  by  a  membrane  with 
the  third ;  flrst  and  second  spines  elevated,  IJ  in  head ;  caudal  rounded ;  a 
series  of  small  scales  below  eye;  head  otherwise  naked.  Color  (male)  liglit 
olive,  liead  more  yellowish ;  body  with  5  brownish  cross  bais,  the  flrst  obscure 
at  the  nape,  the  last  fonning  a  blotch  at  base  of  caudal;  a  small  yellowish 
spot  at  base  of  caudal  and  a  fainter  one  above  it;  cheeks  and  lower  jaw 
banded;  an  olive  blotch  on  operclc;  some  brown  dots  behind  eye;  dorsal 
clierry  red,  paler  posteriorly,  darkest  on  produced  anterior  rays ;  caudal 
pale;  anal  cherry  red,  with  2  spots  of  deeper  red ;  pectorals  plain;  ventrals 
deep  cherry  red.  Femiile,  orange  brown,  much  mottled,  5  cross  bands, 
darker  and  broader  tlian  in  the  male;  2  yellowish-brown  bands  across  from 
eye  over  lower  .jaw;  2  similar  1>ands  across  breast  before  ventrals ;  caudal 
and  pectoraLs  plain ;  ventrals  deep  brownish  red.  uosiPBS,  2024. 


I   ■ 


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W 


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'^^fmf:m,mA'\jf.i^mm^ii)»\mfmp^wiii^ 


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V. 


^ 


1014 


Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


bh.  HcalcH  26;  dorHiil  niiil  cniulal  faintly  Imrrod;   vontriilH  iniirli  ]>ro(ln('cd,  tin  ir 
I'olor  pourl.v;  lint  2  ilorHiil  hpiiiOH  lloxiltle,  not  niiieli  ])nidiicod. 

VKNTRAI.IH,  -Jliir,. 

aa.  Two  anterior  npinoH  of  dorHal  Niiiiiliir  to  tlin  otberH,  none  of  th«ni  pnngont ;  vontnilH 
nioderat4\  not  reaching  anid. 
It.  Chcok  lielow  eye  with  a  row  of  4  or  6  nniall  Hcah'H;  head  3);  de]>th3};  hcuIps 
'.'7;  grayitih,  dorHal  edged  with  darki^r;  iixil  hlackUh,  Home  ntrcakHon  hisul. 

INFIRMt'H,  'JdllC, 

rc.  Cheek  hoh>w  eye  without  HcaleH;  anterior  prolilo  of  the  head  not  very  Hinp 
and  not  trenchant;  head  3||  in  h'ngth;  depth  'A\\  Hrah'H  2-20.  Color  in 
HpiritH,  rcildish,  the  llim  dark  (in  tlie  male);  head  without  evident  liliir 
lines;  a  Idiui  vertical  Htreak  on  each  Hcale,  an  in  other  HpecioH;  no  Hilvrrv 
blotch,  and  no  inky  Hpot  on  liody.  MAKTiNlCENsis,  'Jii'.'T. 

2024.  NOVACITLU'HTIIVK  ItO>ilI>KS  (Jordan  <&  Gilbert). 

Head  3?;  dei)th  3!.  D.  IX,  13;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  2-23  or  21-8.  Ho.iy 
sharply  compressed  tind  oC  moderate  lutiglit,  the  anterior  protWes  not  com- 
pressed to  it  sharp  edge,  the  upper  profile  descending  in  a  regular  gent)(» 
ctirve  from  dorsal  fin  to  end  of  snout,  thus  much  less  nearly  vertical  tliaii 
in  most  species  of  the  genus;  the  snout  eomparntively  hmg  and  pointcil, 
the  preorbital  low ;  maxillary  nearly  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  orbit, 
3^  in  head;  teeth  as  usual,  no  posterior  canines;  height  of  preorbital  'i\ 
in  head;  eye  large,  H  times  intenu'bital  width,  3.?  in  head  (in  young); 
distance  from  snout  to  eye  \  head ;  a  series  of  small  scales  below  eye,  hciid 
otherwise  naked.  Two  anterior  dorsal  spines  (in  young)  much  elevated, 
with  filamentous  tips,  their  length);  that  of  head;  the  third  or  fourth 
spine  is  the  lowest,  the  spines  thence  slightly  increasing  to  the  last;  sei  - 
end  spine,  connected  by  membrane  with  the  third;  longest  soft  ray  ol" 
dorsal  about  2Jt  in  head;  caudal  rounded,  H  in  head;  ventrals  \%\  pec- 
torals li.  The  young  male  d«^8cribed  above,  2  inches  long,  had  the  fol- 
lowing coloration  in  life:  Light  olive,  scarcely  paler  below,  the  heiid 
more  yellowish;  body  with  5  irregular  brownish  cross  bars,  the  first 
obscure  at  the  nape,  the  last  forming  a  blotch  at  base  of  caudal;  a  small 
yellowish  spot  at  middle  of  base  of  caudal  and  a  fainter  one  above  it;  a 
dark-olive  band  downward  from  eye,  with  a  spot-like  band  of  the  same 
color  before  it,  and  another,  which  becomes  yellow,  on  the  cheek  behind 
it;  all  3  of  these  pass  around  the  lower  .jaw;  an  olive  blotch  on 
opercle;  some  brown  dots  behind  eye;  dorsal  cherry  red,  paler  poster- 
iorly, diirkest  on  the  produced  anterior  rays;  caudal  pale,  scarcely  tinged 
with  reddish;  anal  cherry  red,  tlu*  lateral  stripes  forming  2  spots  of 
deeper  red  on  the  fin ;  pectoral  jilain;  ventrals  deep  cherry  red.  A  second 
specimen,  smaller  in  size,  probably  the  female  of  the  species,  had  a  dil' 
ferent  coloration,  as  follows:  Orange  brown,  everywhere  much  mottled, 
the  edges  of  many  scales  being  brown,  the  brown  becoming  yellowish  on 
lower  parts,  .5  brown  cross  bands  darker  and  broader  than  in  the  other 
specimen,  the  first  at  nape,  the  last  at  base  of  caudal,  ending  behind  in  :i 
sharply  defined  convex  curve;  two  yellowish-brown  bauds  across  from 
3ye  over  lower  .jaw;  tip  of  lower  .jaw  of  tlie  same  color;  2  similar 
bands  across  breast  before  ventrals ;  «Iorsal  and  anal  transparent,  except 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     lOlf* 


whure  orosrod  1»y  the  bandH;  ciiikIjiI  iinil  portnriilH  jtlniii,  voiitralM  tlocp 
brownish  red.  Key  West.  Two  spec-iiiions  ivro  kiiowu,  both  yonu^.  Tlie 
;i(lult  will  probiibly  bo  found  to  approach  the  Hra/.ilian  species,  Soracn- 
lirhthyn  aplendeiiB  (Castelnau)  in  form  and  colorntion,  probably  having  the 
2  dorsal  spines  lower  and  the  ventrals  lonjrer  than  in  the  young.  The 
\ oiing  o{ NovaculichthyH  »plen:Uni>  has  the  caudal  barred,  while  in  X  roaipea 
it  is  plain;  wo  have  noticed  no  other  characters  by  which  tho  j'cMing  of 
I  lie  2  can  be  separated.  Tho  adult  of  Xoraculichtkifa  aphmlena  has  an 
iiil<y-black  lateral  blotch  surrounded  by  silvery,  (roaeiia,  rosy;  jiea,  foot, 
from  tho  red  ventrals.) 

XiiiiehthiiM  roiipf I,  JonnAS  A-  (iU.nEnT,  I'rop.  V.  S.  Nut.  Mum.  1HH»,  '.'7,  Key  West  (Coll. 
.Tonliiii);  Jordan,  Koviow  I.uliroiil  FIhIich,  KiX,  \S'M). 


2025.  NOVACDI.irilTllYS  VKNTIiALIS  (Bpmii). 

Head  3J;  depth  SJ.  D.  IX,  12;  A.  Ill,  12;  V.  I,  5;  P.  11;  scales  2-20-8. 
Itody  compresHed,  of  moderate  height;  upper  ])rolilo  of  head  not  forming 
a  very  sharp  edge;  profile  descending  in  a  very  regular  curve  from  begin- 
ning of  dorsal  to  tip  of  snout;  snout  comparatively  short  and  blunt;  i»re- 
iirbital  low,  its  width  at  angle  of  mouth  equaling  length  of  eye ;  maxillary 
scarcely  rt^aching  verti<'al  from  front  of  orbit,  3A  in  head.  Two  strong 
canines  in  front  of  each. jaw,  those  of  the  mandible  being  received  within 
tiie  maxillary  canines;  both  sets  of  canines  with  a  lat<'ral  an<l  backward 
curve;  no  posterior  canines.  Eye  distant  from  upper  prolile  only  about 
^  of  its  diameter,  which  is  contained  1.1  times  in  its  distance  from  tip  (»f 
snout,  and  M  times  in  length  of  head  with  opercular  da]>;  a  few  faint 
rudiments  of  scales  behind  and  bebtw  orbit;  intororbital  width  equal  to 
short  diameter  of  eye;  snout  3  in  head;  first  2  dorsal  spines  floxiido,  slen- 
derer than  the  others,  but  not  evidently  differentiated  from  tho  rest  of  the 
iin;  length  of  first  spine  aln^^st  |  that  of  head;  second  spine  slightly 
shorter  than  the  first;  third  spine  3  in  head;  ninth  sjtine  slightlj*  longer 
than  third;  first  soft  ray  2^  in  head;  last  ray  5  in  body;  anal  spines  mod- 
(^rate,  tho  third  as  long  as  third  spine  of  dorsal;  last  anal  ray  ^  as  long  as 
liead;  caudal  slightly  rounded,  0  in  body;  first  ventral  ray  produced, 
extending  to  base  of  fouith  anal  ray ;  pectoral  as  long  as  head  without  snout. 
Lateral  line  piercing  20  scales  before  the  interruption,  which  occurs  under 
tenth  ray  of  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits,  j)nrpli8h-gray;  a  broad  streak  of 
solferino  in  middle  of  sides,  beginning  near  head  and  extending  back  to 
above  middle  of  anal,  the  width  of  this  stripe  uncertain,  but  probably  twice 
that  of  tho  eye;  iris  solferino  with  a  narrow  light  circle  around  pupil; 
several  narrow  stripes  a  littlo  darker  than  tho  body  color  from  the  eye  over 
])reorbita1  and  check;  a  similar  stripe  running  almost  vertically  on  oper- 
clc;  dorsal  mottle*!  with  dusky;  other  fins  pearly,  except  caudal,  which 
is  slightly  dark,  with  a  light  margin,  and  anal,  which  shows  some  faint 
niottlings  in  alcohol.  Another  young  individual  57  mm.  long  is  probably 
of  the  same  species.  The  first  2  dorsal  spines  are  flexible,  the  others  stiff ; 
the  ventral  scarcely  rea<;hes  tho  anal  origin;  across  tho  top  of  the  head 
and  back  are  9  or  10  light  blotches,  some  of  these  being  continued  down 


J  1; 


ill 


1616  liullrthi  77,  United  States  A^ational  A  fusciini. 


'it- 


the  Hidi'H,  fortiiiu^  about  f)  diatinct  bantls.  CoKiiniel  iHland,  Yiiratnn ;  L' 
HpecinieiiH.  (  Moan)-  Very  clo8«  to  X.  rosipes  and  N.  Hplendens;  ])OHsi))l,v  tli<< 
atliilt  of  (lie  former,  (nnlralia,  pertaining  to  tliu  belly,  from  tho  Imi;; 
ventruls.) 

Xyrichthii*  rentralit,  llKAN,  IJnll.  U.  S.  FUli  Comiii.  1888, 108,  pi.  2fl,  fig.  1,  Cozumel  (Coll.  Dr. 
H«-(in.     TyjMs  So.  37077) ;  .louDAN,  Kiiview  Lnbroid  FIhIich,  060,  1800. 

802H.  >OVA(;i  LiniTllYH  INFIRNrN  (Himi). 

ITcadSJ;  depth  .^i.  I).  IX,  IL';  A.  Ill,  12;  V.  I,.''.;  T.  11;  scalos  2-27-11. 
Form  of  body  Himilar  to  that  of  N.  rentralis,  the  doacent  of  thi*  piolilc 
mom  abnipt,  tho  Hpecics  in  this  i'«Hp«'«'t  bearing  more  rescmblancii  to  .\ . 
imttacus ;  upper  prolil<>  of  head  not  forming  a  very  sharp  edge ;  snout 
comparatively  short  and  blunt;  the  ]»reorbita1  very  much  higher  than  in 
N.  rentralis;  the  shortest  distauco  from  the  angle  of  mouth  to  eye  nearly 
.  twicci  length  of  eye;  maxillary  not  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  orbit, 
its  length  4  in  head;  canines  as  in  X.  rentralis;  (^yo  distant  from  ui»])or 
profile  nearly^  of  its  diameter,  which  is  6  iu  head  and  more  than  2  in 
snout;  interorltital  width  equal  to  length  of  eye;  a  fi>w  scales  below  the 
orbit;  distance  from  snout  to  eye  2^  iu  head.  All  dorsal  spines  ilexilile, 
and  of  about  equal  length;  third  spine  3  in  head;  last  soft  ray  very 
slightly  produced,  and  about  2  J  in  head ;  anal  spines  very  week,  the  third 
s))ine  about  .SA  iu  head;  last  anal  ray  little  less  than  3  in  head;  caudal 
nearly  truncate,  in  some  si)ocimens  the  middle  rays  very  slightly  longer 
than  external  rays,  the  middle  rays,  from  the  end  of  the  scales,  7  in 
length  of  body  to  base  of  caudal ;  ventral  spine  slender  and  weak,  lirst 
.\.  'T  reaching  about  to  vent;  ventral  about  1^  in  head  and  5  in  body;  pec- 
toru^  nearly  as  long  as  ventral ;  lateral  line  piercing  20  scales  before  the 
interruption,  the  twentieth  scale  being  under  tenth  ray  of  dorsal;  scales 
of  breast  and  abdomen  much  smaller  than  any  of  the  others;  posterior 
angle  of  most  of  the  scales  acutely  produced.  Col(»r  in  spirits,  light  olive 
gray,  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins  being  darker  except  along  their  basal  por- 
tions; axil  of  pectt)ral  very  dark,  the  dark  blotch  sometimes  bordered 
behind  by  several  bluish  streaks  on  the  scales;  3  narrow  stripes  extending 
ftom  the  eye  over  the  preorbital  and  cheek ;  intei'opercle  with  6  or  7  short, 
nearly  vertical,  lines  of  bluish;  irissolferino;  the  dark  color  of  the  dorsal 
morepronounced  on  the  spinous  portion.  Cozumel,  Yucatan.  (Bean);  four 
specimens  known.  Evidently  close  to  Xoraculichthys  martinicensis,  but 
probably  distinguished  by  the  dusky  axil  and  the  scales  (m  the  cheeks. 
(infirmus,  limp,  llexible.) 

Xyrichthys  infirmus,  Bean,  Bull.  IT.  8.  Fish  Comm.  1888, 199,  pi.  29,  fig.  2,  Cozumel  (Coll.  T. 
H.  Bean.    Type,  No.  37076) ;  Jordan,  Koviow  Labroid  Fishes,  060, 1890. 

2027.  NOYACULICHTHYS  MARTINICENSIS  (Cuvier  &  Valenciennes). 

Head  3i;  depth  3t  D.  IX,  12;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  2-29-9.  Dorsal  spines 
similar,  all  soft  and  flexible.  Ventral  fins  moderate,  not  reaching  anal, 
not  produced  in  a  long  filament;  no  small  scales  below  eye;  body  more 
elongate  than  in  Xyrichthys  psittacus,  the  anterior  profile  of  the  head  less 
steep  and  less  trenchant.    Color  iu  spirits,  reddish,  the  fins  dark  (in  the 


'TO! 


Jordan  and  F.vcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1617 


iiinlo');  head  without  evident  hlno  linsH;  a  blae  vertical  streak  on  each 
Hi'ulo,  as  ill  other  sporioH;  no  Hilvery  lilotcli,  and  no  inl(y  spot  on  body. 
Miirtiui(|iu\  Here  d<-Hcri lied  from  Mie  ori>riiial  types  of  »uiWiNi'o«NMiM  and 
vUia  in  the  ninstnini  at  I'uris.  Tlie  2  are  not  uvidently  diifuront,  althon^h 
llioyunt  not  in  vory  ^ood  condition  for  comparison.  The  characters  of 
tliiH  spocieH  arc  yet  to  bo  made  out  from  freHh  specitnens.  (m«ir/tN<c(tiMiH, 
liom  Martinifpif.) 
The  following  are  onr  notes  on  the  types  of  those  nominal  species: 
Xl/riohthys  mnrtiHicenaiH:  Eiglit  specimens,  about  .13')  mm.  long,  in  jtoor 
condition;  Martinique.  (Garnot.)  Color  fudt>d;  I  H]H!cinion  (male)  with 
ilark  fins.  Anterior  profile  rather  lc<)8  troncliant  than  in  A'.  pnUlacua. 
( 'anines  strong,  |  on  each  Hide.  No  scales  on  bead.  Anterior  dorsal  spines 
not  produced;  none  of  the  spines  pungent.  Head  '.i*  in  length;  depth 
iiliont  the  same.     HculeH  29. 

AyrichthyH  ritta:  From  the  "Cabinet  du  Stadhondcr;"  .14  mm.  long. 
Specimen  a  little  deeper  than  the  typos  of  A'.  martinicen^iH  (head3j| ;  depth 
5')>  ^"t  apparently  not  otherwine  ditl'orent.  A  yellowish  streak  along 
sides  where  the  muscles  Join  (perhaps  not  evident  in  life). 

Xynehthya  martinicenidx,  Ct'ViKR  vt  Valenciknnkb,  Ilist.  Nut.  PoiHs.,  xiv,  49, 1830,  Martin- 
ique ;  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miih.  1886, 541  (note  on  typo) ;  Jordan,  ICoview  Laliroid 
Fishes,  050, 1800. 

A'i//-icA<Aj/«  Ditto,  CuviER  A- Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nnt.  I'oiss.,  xiv,  51,  18:tO,  no  lo«:!iIily 
given:  Jordan,  Proc  U.  S.  Nnt.  Mum.  1H8«,  541  (nott^  on  typo). 

Somcula  martinicenna,  UUntiier,  Cut.,  iv,  171, 1862. 


;]>; 


644.  XYRICHTHYS,  (Jnvior. 

(Razou-fi.siiks.  ) 

Xyriehthyt,  CtJVlER,  M^moires  dn  MnB6um  ilHIst.  Nat.,  i,  324,  329,  1815  (novaeula). 
Xovacula,  CuviER,  Regue  Animal,  E<1.  i,  265  1817  (novaeula);  Novaeula  of  Kleeker  and 

GOnther,  not  Novaeula,  611.L,  wliicL  is  Ilemipteronotus  of  Lac^.im'.de  und  Blbeker, 

a  genus  distinguished  from  Iniistiut,  Qiu.,  by  its  scaly  clicoks. 
Aviofphoeephalut,  UowDicn,  Exc.  Madeira,  238,  1825  (i/rauulaUn). 

Body  oblong,  compressed,  deepest  behind  the  occiput,  thence  tapering 
backward.  Head  very  short  and  deep,  the  profile  almost  vertical,  the 
upper  and  anterior  outlines  coiiipre.ssed  to  a  sharp  edge;  profile  parabolic. 
Preorbital  very  deep.  Eyes  small,  high,  placed  near  the  top  of  the  head. 
Mouth  small,  low;  2  anterior  canines  in  each  jaw,  no  posterior  canines. 
Cheek  and  opercles  naked,  or  with  only  a  few  very  small  scales  below 
the  eye.  Scales  large,  with  membranaceous  edges,  about  26  in  a  longi- 
tudinal scries;  the  lateral  lino  running  on  the  second  row  of  large  scales 
lielow  the  dorsal  sheath;  lateral  line  interrupted  behind,  commencing 
a^ain  lower  down  on  the  caudal  peduncle.  Dorsal  fin  continuous,  with  9 
luiiigent  spines  essentially  alike.  Colors  brilliant.  Tropical  seas,  {^vpov, 
razor;  ix^vi,  fish.) 

<t.  ISIack  ocellus  larger  than  eye  at  base  of  caudal,  Just  bolnw  lateral  line;  none  on  dor- 
sal fin.  MUNDI('EI>8,  2028. 
an.  Tilack  ocellus  wanting,  not  present  anywhere  on  body  or  on  fins  in  either  sex. 

h.  Scai3.s  of  sidi's  of  body  each  with  a  vertical  blue  spot.     General  color  more  or 
less  red;  side  of  body  with  a  diffuse  silvery  area  below  and  behind  the 


1AI8 


Ihuh'tipi  /7,  United  Sfaits  National  ^fuscum, 


W.  « 


I!':! 


.1. 

i 
f 


I, 

■r 


pectoral  tin,  oftnn  wnntinK  nr  (ItiinppAarInK  In  nplrit* ;  acalea  Ixtlow  thin  nn  ,i 

wltli  pttarly  vertical  Htrciikri;  color  roHo  ruil  or  brownlMli,  with  a  liluu  vfrii- 

ral  Htrouli  on  ciich  Hrulii;    viirtii^nl  liliu<  Htriinl(M  on  tliu  IikmI,  an  in  otliT 

HpocifH;  nialtm  (In  lit'<\  alwiiyn)  witli  u  <lur)(  rt<il  rroMH  hIiihI<'  iM-hlnil  jm    . 

toriilH,  tlilM  disappfurinK  In  HpiritH;  (lorMiil  Ininiurulat*!;  iiniil  with  oliliiinn 

TiolaRi'onii  Htr<<al(ii;   niiiilal  with  0  nr  H  <lnrl<  croMii  ntrcalcH.     Ili'iiil  UJ  m 

lunKth;  dt'ptli  ^,  eyo  miiiiiII,  &i  in  heail ;  nraliH  2-'20-H.         i>8rrrA('i'H,  Uojn 

vj),  H4^ali)a  of  hIiIch  of  lin<ly  without  liino  HpolH;  h<m<l  witli  but  5  vtTtical  Htrniki 

of  bluo.    (Johir  uh\,  thx  tluH  nrarly  plain ;  a  red  asiUar  iianU,  tiiHa|>|Nsariii;,' 

innpirita;  irianMl;  caudal  trunratuj  othi^rwlHc  aaln  A'.  i'Wffrioitx,  ofwliirli 

it  Ih  prohnltly  a  color  variety.  moukhith,  'Mm. 

i!02N.  XVKiniTIIVK  NINIMCKrH,  (iill. 

Head  3^;  dopth  altuiit  3^,  tho  muhm  «leep«r  than  fuinaleH.  D.  IX,  12;  A. 
Ill,  11;  Hciiles  2-24-9.  Anterior  prolile  of  Lead  parabolic';  preorbital  vtuy 
deep,  its  depth  i  the  head;  eyi  near  top  cT  head,  its  diameter  not  k 
depth  of  preorhital;  anterior  prcO!;.  ot  the  liead  more  or  loaH  trencliaiit; 
uanally  a  hiiio  vertical  bar  on  <>ach  Hcale.  Head  in  niah)  with  blue  vertical 
Btripen;  ii  blaiilioccUiia  larger  than  eye  at  Itase  of  caudal,  JiiHt  below  latoml 
line,  none  on  doraal  (in ;  3  concentrif,  blue,  curved  lines  on  flap  of  opcrdo ; 
3  narrow  bine  lines  acroHH  ch<^ek;  a  vioh't  verticttl  line  on  baseof  eadi 
scale;  lower  Jaw  with  nnnwrons  lines;  finspalo,  nnniai'ked;  female  plain 
lijrht  brown,  without  inarkin^B  on  head  or  body.  A  very  handsome  spt'cios 
known  fnmi  nnineroiis  specimens,  the  original  tyjics  and  others,  t-olh'ctcil 
by  Mr.  .loliii  Xantiis  at  Cape  8aii  fjiirns;  not  yet  seen  elsewhere,  {miiiidin, 
neat;  cepa,  head.) 

Xijnehthyiimundicepi,(Uu.,Vriw.Ar.  Nat.  Muh.Si-J.  IMilla.  1802,  l4:i.CapeSan  Lucas(('oll. 

XuntUM);  .loKliAN  &(iiuiKl(T,Pro(!.  U.S.  Nat.  MuH.  1882, . '167:  Jordan,  Review  Lalimiij 

FmheH,<)eo,  IHflU. 
Novaeiila  wtundtccjw.  <H'Ntiier,  (Jat.,  iv,  172, 1H02. 

2020.  XYUM'IITIIVH  l>NITTArrM  (LinntrnB). 

(RA7.(>KFI8H.) 

Head  3i;  depth  3|.  D.  IX,  12;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  3-26  or  27-8;  eye  5.i  in 
head,  very  Hmall  and  close  to  the  profile;  depth  of  preorbital,  from  eye  tu 
angle  of  head,  2i^j  in  bead;  length  of  cheek  nmch  less  than  i  its  height. 
Body  oblong,  very  strongly  coinpreHsed ;  profile  very  steep ;  the  jaws  equiil, 
the  canines^;  pectorals  reaching  past  tips  o::'veiitrals;  caudal  rounded ;  a 
few  embedded  s(;al(>s  under  eye;  lateral  line  with  the  tubes  simple.  Color 
rose  red  or  brownish,  with  a  blue  vertical  streak  on  each  scale;  vertical 
blue  streaks  on  the  head;  side  of  body  with  a  ditlnse  silvery  area  below 
and  behind  the  pectoral  fin,  often  wanting  or  disappearing  inspirits;  scales 
below  this  area  with  poarly  vertical  streaks;  males  (in  life,  always)  with 
a  dark-red  cross  shade  behind  pectorals,  this  disappearing  in  spirits;  dor- 
sal immaculate;  anal  with  ob1i([ue  violaceous  streaks;  caudal  with  6  or  8 
dark  cross  streaks.  West  Indies,  rather  comiiion,  north  to  Pensacola  and 
CharleBt«m,  south  to  Hahia.     Length  15  inches;  a  handsome  species,  per- 


Jordan  and  F.vcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  Anurica,      1019 


linpH  not  tlidtiiK't  froiii  thf  rnzor-llHli  (  Xyriihthyn''  nnrarula  liinninin)  of  tliu 
MflditorraiHmn.     {ilnrraxDi,  ixirmt.) 

t'oriii>l>ieita  pHtlaeuii,^  I.inn^i-h,  Synt.  Niit.,   Kil.  xii,  44H,  ITflO,  Charleaton.  (Cull.   Dr. 

Iiuril«<ii.) 
XiirirhlhfiH  imHaeu»,  <i<m>|)B.V  Hkan,  Troc.  ('.  S,  Nat.  Mim.  1HH4,  ir)i  IHriri,  loft  (null)  on  typo 

of  Coriii>hif)ia  piillaeu»)  \  IlK.AN,  lliiil.  IJ.  S.  FImIi  Coiiiiii.  IHH8.  2U'.>. 
Ciiiijiliifna  liumtit,  (}mki,in,  Synt.  Niil.,  llUf),  17HH,  Charleaton.    (Coll.  Dr.  Canlon.) 
XiiriehlhyH  veutmluii,  I'oKY.  Ktiiniii'riitlo,  110,  IH7&,  Martinique;  HiibHtitiittt  lor  A*,  lineatim, 

Ci'VIKH  iV.  VaI.RNCIK.NNI'.H,  MUplHIMOll  to  lie  ilitri^rtMit  fntiu  \.  (t>ti-a^tM  ol'  OMRI.IN;  IIkan> 

Hull.  r.  S.  I'InIi  Cointii.  1HH8,  u'UO. 
XitriehthiiM  lineatut,  CiviKii  &  Valknciknnrh,  ]llHt.  Nut.  I'oIbh.,  xiv,  BO,  IHIIQ;  JniiitAN  A 

riii.iiKliT,  I'ron.  11.  S.  Nitt.  Miia.  1H82,UU0;  .Ioiidan  Jk  lill.iiRiiT,  SynopHln, flun,  IHtfll. 
.Snvaeiila  lineala,  (llt.NTHKU,  (Jut.,  IV,  171,  IHtW. 
Xlirielilhin  verMieulatiiii,  I'okv,  MitiiioriiiM,  ii, 'Jl.'i,  1800,  Havana  ((Joll,  ru«\v) ;  •Iokdan  A. 

OiUtRUT,  .SyiiopHlH,  OOS,  1H83  i  llEAN,  Bull.  Fltli  Comm.  1888, 202. 

SU»».  XVRIOIITilYM  NOItKNTlIN,  Pooy. 

ITeminf,  in  totnl  with  cantliil;  (lo))th  4^.  D.  IX,  12;  A.  Ill,  11;  hcrIos 
2H-30-10.  Hody  and  head  very  nmch  oonipreNHod;  eye  lliiil,  rontainod  0 
tiiiieH  in  dintancu  from  tlio  nioutli  to  tliu  point  of  tli«  opnrolo,  3  in  nnont. 
XoHcaleHon  licad.  Kirnt  ray  of  dorual  struuKer  tlian  the  others;  caudal 
triinoat«\  Color  carinini*  hiko;  In-own  poaturiorly;  opurclo  grooniHli 
yeilow;  Iioad  witli  r»  blaclt  vertical  liaiuls;  a  di>op-rod  band  iu  axial  cov- 
ering base  of  pectoral ;  linH  i)ale,  scarcely  Htreaked ;  iriured.  Diilera  from 
nriiiioulataa  in  truncate  <;audal,  buignr  pectoral,  fewer  stripeH  on  head,  and 
abHcnce  of  streaks  on  trunk;  the  Hpace  behind  pectoral  rod  instead  of 
brown.  Cuba.  (]*ooy) ;  not  seen  by  us;  evidently  very  close  to  \.p»itta<uiii, 
of  which  it  in  probably  a  color  variation.     {modtrntnH,  inodeHt.) 

Xiiriclithi/s  madentuit,  PoKV,  Kojiortorio,  ii,  'JUS,  1807,  Havana  (('oil.  IVnty) ;  Tory,  SynopsiH, 
.'130,1808;  Jordan,  Koview  Labroiil  FIhIius,  001,1890. 

645.  INIISTIUS,  Gill. 

/(uwriiM.GiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Philn.  1802, 143  (pavo). 
Xiiriehlhyt,  Blkkkkk,  Atliis  liilitli.,  149,  1802  (pavo);  not  of  CrviER. 


*  Wo  have  cuiiipiircd  iiimiktoiih  HprulnieUH  from  I'ensnooln  nnd  Charleston,  with  all  the 
(h'Hcription.s  available  of  the  Mediterranean  Hpecies,  aud  can  tin<l  no  dirt'erenoo  whatever. 
Wo  are,  however,  uiiwilliu);;  to  place  A',  psittaeut  in  the  oynonyniy  of  A',  nuvacula  without 
ai'tual  conipariHun  of  specinienH.  TheHO  Charleston  Hpet^iuieni*  seem  to  represent  the  ptit- 
taeua  of  Linnaeus  and  the  Unrata  of  Guielin.  The  vermieulatuu  of  Pooy  aeenis  to  be  the 
same,  as  is  also,  incur  opinion,  his  vemist.ua  {linealui,  (.'uvier  \-  Valencieiines).  The  white 
peritoneal  blotch  of  venuttus  is  evident  on  some  of  our  specimens  and  not  on  others.  If 
the  synonymy  be  corre<^t,  this  ra/.or-tisli  would  have  a  distribution  unusually  wide  for  a 
Labroid.  Dr.  Itean  ailniits,  provisionally,  X.  pitittaeug  and  X.  vermiciilatn»  as  species  dis- 
tinct from  the  connuon  American  form,  for  which  he  retains  the  name  X.venu»tnii.  As, 
however,  the  types  of  X.  pnttactm  came  from  Charleston,  they  bdonj;,  ^trobably,  to  the 
species  with  the  pale  lateral  blotch,  ti>e  only  ..pecies  yet  found  in  that  region. 

t  The  following  is  the  synonymy  of  Xyrichtht/s nor'acula  (Linnteus) : 
Cortiphwna  palmaria  pulchrevaria,  (hyr»o  aeuto,  Aktkdi,  Genera,  15,  1738;  Artkdi,  Syno- 

nymia,  29, 1738. 
Con/phivnn  novacula,  LiNNiEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  E<l.  x,  202, 1758 ;  after  Artrdi. 
Xyi-iehthys  novacula,  Juruan,  Review  Labroid  Fishes  080. 1890. 
.1  m(>rphocephalu.i  granulatux,  Jlowuicii,  Exc.  Madeira.  238, 1825,  Bona  Vista. 
Corypliti-na  liiuoldta,  Uakinesque,  Caratteri,  33, 1810.  Palermo. 
Xyiiehthys  citltratus,  CrviKii  &  Valenciennes,   Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xiv,  37,  pi.  391,  1839, 

Martigues,  Montpelier,  Ivica,  Seide. 
Novacula  cuUrata,  GUntueu,  Cat.,  iv,  109, 1802. 


■'iBt^ 


ii- 


^^Mk 


1020  Hulhthi  47,  United  States  National  Mmnim. 


Fimt  2  tloi'Hiil  HpiiK'H  <li<t»oli«<l  from  tlin  otlitMN  uiitl  iiiHerted  on  or  rlniio 
hohiiid  till*  (x-i'ipiit;  nniiiuN  lni-K<S  iihiiiit,  2tl  in  th»  lutornl  lino;  liiteriil  lino 
on  tlio  Herontl  row  of  Inrt^e  Hi'itloa  bolow  the  iloraal  Hheiith.  Thin  (^^niiiN 
flontiiiiiH  Motne  ft  «>r  H  spetiios,  liiielly  of  tliu  woHterii  I'liuillr.  Th«>,v  ww 
Riiiiiliir  in  most  ri^NpuctM  to  thn  typicnl  HpeoicH  of  Xjirirhthyn,  (Utforini; 
I'hieliy  in  liiivin){  tho  2  antorior  HpinrH  of  tliu  <loi-HaI  fin  proilncod,  loparuti-ii 
from  tlie  oUkth,  nml  pln«o<l  tin  n  H4<pnrut<>  tin  on  the  niipo.  {iviov,  uapn; 
itirtoy,  Huil,  in  nlluHion  to  tho  tirHt  dorHnl  tin  on  tliu  na|io.) 

i.M»!ll.  INIIMTIIIN  MIINDirORIMIN,  illll. 

IIoiul  »| ;  (loptli  2i|.  D.  Il-Vir,  12;  A.  Til,  12;  eye  6  to  7  in  bead,  snont 
2Ji ;  tirHt  tlliimontoiiM  (loi-Htil  Hpin»  nearly  an  long  as  benil;  pectoral  eipinlH 
ventral,  nearly  2;  HcaloH  2-2H-11,  IWxly  deep,  compreNHed,  tlio  profile  very 
Hteep;  the  lirst  2  doraal  Hpinen  lonj;  and  tilamentoiia,  not  connected  with 
the  other  HpincB,  the  longcHt  spine  »l>out  H  in  head  and  4^  in  body;  height 
of  head  cipuil  to  its  length;  anterior  profile  steep  and  broadly  curved, 
vaninuHj;  a  rihju;  of  deeply  embedded  Mcales  aronnd  posterior  margin  (»f 
orbit, head  otherwiwe  naked;  sealen  on  nape  deeply  embedded;  3  broad 
bars  of  dark  olive  on  the  l>ack  and  Hides,  thcHO  bars  nearly  as  wide  as  the 
interspaceH ;  moHt  of  the  scaloH  o'.'  the  back  and  sidi  h  with  it  vortical  li^ht- 
bluiHh  Htripe;  in  the  middle  of  the  first  dark  band  are  1  or  2  NcaleH 
of  a  ditlurent  color,  the  posterior  half  of  each  Jet-black,  the  base  li^ht 
blue;  dorsal  with  narrow  dark  striiies  rnnning  obliqnely  downward  antl 
backward;  anal  pale;  a  c<mHpi(!non8  light  horizontal  stripe  near  the  tipH 
of  rays;  a  narrower  similar  stripe  near  the  middle  of  the  fin;  bluish 
elouds  on  opercle;  vertical  palc-blne  stripes  below  eye,  a  faint  dusky 
streak  below  eyt< ;  female  ]ialer,  plain  yellowish  or  brownish;  dorsal  with 
several  oblique  bars  between  its  rays.  Rocky  iHlands  on  the  Pacific  coast 
of  Mexico.  The  original  typos  of  this  species  (females),  and  afterwards 
some  other  specimens,  have  been  sent  to  the  United  States  National 
Museum  from  Cape  San  liUcas.  Specimens  have  also  been  taken  on  tho 
west  coast  of  Mexico  by  Dr.  Gilbert.  Length  8  inches.  This  very  han«l- 
somo  species  uuk^Ii  resembles  tho  type  of  the  gi^nus,  Inilatiua  paro,  of  tho 
Hawaiian  Islands,     {miindua,  neat;  corpus,  body.) 

Iniutius  Mundieorpitt,  GILL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nnt.  Bet.  Pliiln.  1862, 145,  Cape  San  L.uca» ;  JonnAN 

Review  Liiliioid  Fisht^s,  062, 1890. 
Ifovaeula  mundicorpiis,  Joudan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nnt.  Mim.  1882,  367 ;  Jouiian,  {.  c,  1885,  384. 


FamilvCLXI.  SCARID^. 

(T/iE  Parrot  Fishes.*) 

Body  oblong,  moderately  compressed,  covered  with  large  cycloid  scales 
as  ill  the  Labndw.  Mouth  moderate,  terminal.  Teeth  in  the  jaws  more 
or  less  ooalescent,  at  least  at  base;  lower  x>haryngeals  much  enlarged, 

*Iii  Cuba,  tho  naiiMi  Yieja  (Old  Wife)  is  applied  to  nil  the  dull  colored  parrot  tishes: 
that  of  Loroia  the  f^reeii  and  bine  form h  :  Quacamaia  to  those  with  {;i'e4;n  tdeth,  IIipmu 
beinii  called  I'errien  in  Mexico.  Loro,  I'errico,  and  Ouacatnaia  are  the  names  applied  to 
parrots.    The  small  species  with  dark  Intoral  streaks  aw  known  as  Jtullon. 


ilf 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — fUhcs  of  North  AmaUa.      lOUl 


tii)ito«l  in  II  ('onravo  oi  fponii-Hliii|)(Hl  body,  thi^lr  tooth  hroiMle»«t  trniinvorHoly 
iin<l  triinnito,  iirriiiiKtMl  in  inoitaio;  ilorHul  fontiiiiionii,  itn  foriiiiilii  iiHiiitliy 
|\,  10;  iiiitil  riiyH  II,  {);  2:{  to  25  nrnloH  in  tlio  liiteral  line;  v<'rh>l»rii'  iihoiit 
11  -f- 14  -  2r>.  HoxoH  Nimilarily  rolorod,  Mir  ooloration  alniont  alwayn  hril- 
liiint;  Hn  rayH  oHHt-ntially  tlio  Bamo  thronKlioiit  tlio  Ki'<Hi|t,  tlio  Hi|iiaiiiation 
\aryinK  littlo  fxcopt  on  tlio  lioail.  OoneraT;  H|>oci««R  al)out  110;  of  tlio 
tropical HoaH,  ONpeoially  aluiiiilnnt  about  uoral  roolk.  lIorbivoroiiH  IIrIm'h, 
ol'ton  of  lar;;o  hI/.o,  not  valiioil  an  tboil,  tlio  lloali  boiii;;  noft  and  panty.  Tlio 
sporioH  in  tlio  vnrioiiM  ^onora  iiro  vory  oloaely  lolatod,  boiiiK  dintinKuiHht'd 
cliiolly  by  tho  roloration  and  tlio  dentition,  both  hofIoh  of  oltaraotorH  bein^ 
liiKhly  Hpociali/od.  Wo  bo^iii  tho  ^roiip  with  tiio  inoHt  ){oiiorali/,«>d  ^joniiH, 
tlio  one  noaroHt  tho  l.iibroid  anceHtorH  of  the  •Sraridd'.  (^Labndtv  Svurhiu, 
(iilnther,  Cat.,  1V,308  to  ^10.) 

Si'AHIBOMATINil'.r 

a.  Lower  pbaryiifcenl   lironilnr  tlinn  lonK,  tlnttlHli  or  1>aAlnM)inp4Ml ;  Kill  inenihniiioM 

ItruaiUy  Joined  to  llie  IrIIiiiiiix,  not  loniiing  at'olil  noroHit  it :  liit«i'iilliii«  Hiiltrontin- 

uoui;  McaiuH  ulioiit  huiiil  l«-w  mill  liirf{*N  tliimo  on  t!iO  rlifok  in  I  row;   lower 

Jaw  projeiittii^t:  toetli  wliitinli  or  rimy. 

b.  DoPHul  itplnuH  tl(txil>l«;  tu<>tli  iiioroor  loHH  ili«tio<-t,  lit  Inist  iintrriorly. 

0.  Tevtii  111  r..i-ti  Juw  ill  tVw  HttriiiM,  not  iiiiliriratnl  or  i|iiiiiniiixi  littt-riil  tortli 

of  oacli  Jaw  coiileHcont  in  n  iiiorti  orleHH  i-ontlniioiiit  <Mittiii((  <'iIk<',  tlm 

toetli  inoro  frou  anteriorly  anil  not  ndnalo  to  tliu  dental  plate. 

Cuvn()TOMrfl,046. 

ee.  T<<otli  In  eaoli  Jaw  in  :i  or  4  HxrioH,  all  inil>riratcd  in  iiuiiiciinx  ordor  on 

tho  dontal  pinto,  to  whicli  tluty  ar^-  udnate  1)y  tho  poHtorior  fare;  <;iit- 

tlnK  ('dj{e  ot«>ai'h  Jaw  t'oriuf^d  by  teeth.  Calotomi's,  047. 

bb.  Dorsal  spinoit  atilV,  pungent;  teeth  of  npper  Jaw  at  Icoat  more  or  leaa  coalea- 

<!ont. 

d.  Teeth  of  eac^li  Jaw  cliiotly  coaleHcoiit,  tlio  Jaws  divided  l»y  a  rather  iiidlH- 

tinct  median  Hiitiire.  KrAuisoMA,  048. 

S(;ARIN/K  : 

aa.  Lower  pharyiif{oal  apoon-Hliapud.  ninch  lonf(or  than  broad;  teeth  of  JawN  fully  coa- 
lesced, each  Jaw  divided  liy  a  distinct  median  suture;  gill  niembranes  forniinf; 
a  fold  across  the  IsthniUR ;  dorsal  spines  tie xiblo;  lateral  line  interrupted  liehiud, 
bcKinning  again  lower  down  on  the  peduncle  of  the  tail;  Hcithm  about  head 
rather  numerouH,  those  on  cheeks  in  1!  or  more  series;  lower  Jaw  iiu'Juiled. 

•.  Teetl'  and  Jaws  whitish  or  rosy  in  <Mdor.  Scakum,  64V. 

ee.  Teeth  and  Jaws  blue  or  bluish  green.  rHBUuoHCAitus,  050. 


[i 


646.  CRYPTOTOMUS,  (ope. 

CalUodon,  CuviBit,  Utgno  Animal,  Kd.  If,  Vol.  2,  266,  1820  {spinitieim) ;  not  CalliMUm  of 

(iKONow,  nor  of  Bi,o('H  &  ScnNBiuBR,  which  is  Scar  us. 
Oallyodon,  (Uivikb  &.  VALENriENNEs,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xiv,  285,  M'Mdpinnlenii,  mtiit,  etc.). 
Crypotomu*,  Topk,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soo.  1871, 462  (ro$eus). 

Lower  pbaryuoala,  upper  pharyngeals,  iHtbmns,  and  lateral  line  pre- 
cisely as  ill  Spariaoma;  lateral  teeth  of  upper  jaw  coalescent  into  a  more 
or  less  continuous  cutting  edge,  the  teeth  more  separate  anteriorly ;  free 
posterior  canines  often  present ;  anterior  teeth  separate  or  coalescent  at 
baso  only;  lower  jaw  with  a  single  serios  of  ]»artly  coalescent  tooth  lat- 
erally, and  2  or  more  series  of  nearly  Bejtarate  teeth  anteriorly;  median 
suture  of  jaws  not  evident  externally;  dorsal  spines  Hexible;  jaws  siib- 
oi^ual ;  scales  about  head  large,  a  single  row  on  cheek,  4  or  5  on  median 


1622  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


line  before  dorsal.  Species  nuuieruus,  of  sinali  si/.e,  mostly  of  dull  or 
olivaceouH  ooloratiou.  This  geuiis  is  closely  related  to  S}^ar\6oma,  difl'eriu;; 
from  it  in  having  the  anterior  teeth  nearly  separate  at  all  ages  and  in  hav- 
ing the  dorsal  spines  flexible,  as  in  Scarun.  The  dentition  approaches 
that  of  a  very  young  Sparisoma.  This  genus  has  been  gonerally  known  as 
Callyodon.  The  genus  Calliodon  of  Gronow  and  of  Hloch  &,  Schneider  wjih. 
however , based  on  a  species  which  apparently  belongs  to  the  genus  Scarici 
The  name  was  transferred  by  C'uvier  from  the  type  of  Scams  crokrnsis  to 
the  present  group.  This  transfer  is  inadmissible  in  our  view,  and  the 
name  Calliodon  should  not  be  used  for  the  genus.  Cnlhjodon,  variant 
spelling  of  the  same  word,  is  also  inadmissible.  The  name  Cryptotomux 
was  proposed  by  Cope  for  a  fish  having  the  "dentition  of  Calli/odon,  but 
with  the  numerous  dorsal  and  anal  spines  of  the  group  of  Ifarpe."  The 
fin  rays  are  given  D.  XI,  8;  A.  Ill,  8.  The  numbers  in  all  known  specicH 
of  Scariiur  are  1).  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  9  (8).  We  find  on  exaniin.ation  of  the 
original  type  of  Cryptotomim  that  Professor  Cope  has  mistaken  2  of  the 
(broken)  soft  rays  of  the  dorsal  and  1  of  the  anal  for  spinea.  The  differ- 
ence between  spines  and  soft  rays  in  this  group  is  very  slight.  We  there- 
fore regard  Cryptotomita  as  a  synonym  of  Callyodon  Cuvier,  and  the  latter 
name  being  ineligible,  wo  adopt  Cryptotomua  as  the  name  of  the  genus. 
(;i/'pf7rro5,  hidden;  ro//ds,cuttiag  (teeth).) 

a.  PoHtorior  canines  normally  present  (occaHionally  wanting;  un  oneaiileor  both  in  soinr 
species). 
6.  Lateral  teeth  of  lower  jaw  arranged  in  a'sories  continuous  witii  the  anterior 

tcetli,  thus: 


\iaw 


c.  Snout  long  and  sharp,  2  in  head,  the  profile  somewliat  unevenly  convex ; 
upper  lip  double  only  jiosteriorly ;  posterior  canines  2,  strong,  recurved 

UENT1EN8,  aOU'J. 

cc.  Snout  Bhortish,  its  length  (measured  along  the  axis)  nearly  3  in  head;  pio- 

fllo  strongly  convex  al)ove  eye,  thence  nearly  straight  to  tip  of  snout ; 

posterior  <;anine  usually  single,  very  strong.  HETRAOTUt;,  2();)H. 

66.  Lateral  teeth  of  lower  jaw  suhequal,  arranged  in  2  rows  which  are  not  parallel. 

the  posterior  teeth  of  the  anterior  series  standing  below  and  outside  the 


Hl^ 


anterior  teeth  of  the  posterior  series,  thus : 


d.  Posterior  canine  usually  preceded  by  2  or  3  smaller  ones ;  upper  lip  double 

for  its  whole  length.  usxus,  20;i4. 

dd.  Posterior  canine  usually  single,  sometimes  wanting;  teeth   otherwise 

much   as  in   C.  ustttii,  the  anterior   canines  seialler;  upper  lip  not 

double  for  its  whole  length.  a-l'kopunctati«,  2035 

act.  Posterior  canines  none;  lateral  teeth  in  each  jaw  suboqual,  those  of  the  lower  jav 

larger  than  those  of  the  upper  and  forming  a  continuous  series. 

e.  Teeth  of  outer  (anterior)  series  in  upper  jaw  few,  small,  not  t-anine  like,  scarcolv 

ditfereiit  from  the  lateral  teeth;  lower  jaw  without  enlarged  teeth;  upper 

lip  doable  for  it?  entire  course,  the  inner  fold  very  narrow  mesially ,  body 

moderately  elongate,  the  depth  3^  in  length ;  head  3J ;  snout  rather  sharp. 

2J  in  head;  profile  gently  curved,  Tiot  steep;  dianuiter  of  eye  4 J  in  head,  U 

in  its  distance  from  the  angle  of  the  n<outh;  caudal  subtruncate.    Color 

olive  gray,  much  mottled,  sides  with  faint  longitudinal  whitish  stripes; 

head  with  some  greenish  spots;  tins  pale,  mottled  with  olive. 

UERVLLINUS,  2U36. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1623 

ee.  Troth  of  anterior  series  in  iip|>er,jaw  loiij^,  eaiiiue-like,  directed  forward,  Hep- 
arate  to  their  bam'Ki;  lower  ,jaw  with  itit  anterior  tooth  long  and  mime  what 
cunino-liko;  HoaloH  of  hreaHt  and  belly  considerably  enlarged,  3  scales 
before  ventrals,  5  before  dorrtal ;  body  Hlender,  elongate,  little  conipressed, 
the  depth  \\  in  length;  bead  \\\\  oyn  large,  about  5  in  head,  more  than  \ 
snout  i  Huoiit  very  Hliarp,  tho  prolile  Htraigbt  to  above  eye;  caudal  trun- 
cate; H»i.ii;'s  of  dorsal  long  and  very  tloxilile.  Coloration  nearly  plain  rosy 
purple,  with  4  dark  cnms  sbadoH;  the  back  vaguely  barred;  caudal  barred 
with  darker,  a  diHtiuct  blackish  axillary  H]iot;  lower  tins  ])ale,  ]>robably 
yellow  in  life.  roseuh,  'iMM. 

20!»2.  <'KVl>T4»T0Mi:s  l»K\TIK\N  (^<'^y). 

Hentl  3.^;  (lepth  3.V;  Hnoiit  long  iiiul  Hliarp,  2  in  luttul,  th<>  protile  sonic- 
wliat  unoveuly  convex;  nitpcr  lip  double  only  posteriorly;  poHtt-rior 
caniueH  2,  strong,  recurved;  anterior  ciinines  strong;  tcctli  of  lower  jaw 
not  very  une<inal,  tho  anterior  teeth  a  litth^  longer  than  the  middle  ones, 
tlio  posterior  teeth  little  eularfj;ed.  Lateral  teeth  of  lower  .jaw  arranged 
ill  a  series  continuous  with  tho  anterior  teeth.  Fins  rather  high;  eye 
'i\  in  heatl.  Color  in  alcohol,  olivacp<>"s,  tho  fins  much  mottled,  the  sides 
of  the  body  with  conspicuous  pale  spots;  in  life,  "greenish,  the  scales 
yeilow  at  base,  their  edg&s  bliiiah;  vertical  fins  whitish,  with  rosy  ver- 
tical spots;  caiid!'.!  wine  color,  with  bluish  vertical  markings."  Cuba; 
jipparently  .are.  Hero  described  from  a  specimen  sent  by  I'oey  to  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.    (f7<'«<ien8,  developing  teeth.) 

I'nlUndon  dentient,  I'OEY,  Menioriaa,  ii,  422,  1861,  Cuba  (Coll.  Poey);  Toey,  Knuinoratio, 

115, 1875. 
Criiptotomtis  dentiens.  Jo'JDAN,  Keview  Labroid  FishoH,  665,  1890. 


,  i 


30»8.  niYI'TOTOMI  S  KKTUAt^TI'S  (I'oey). 

Head  'M;  depth  3.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  9;  eye  fi  in  liead;  snottt  2^^;  jiec. 
ionil  IJ ;  highest  dorsal  spine  2J^;  scales  2-23-«i.  Profile  strongly  convex 
iibovo  eye,  thence  nearly  straight  to  tip  of  snout;  posterior  canine  usually 
single,  very  strong;  anterior  canines  2  on  each  side,  divergent,  directed 
forward  and  outward;  lateral  teeth  of  lower  jaw  very  unequal,  the  pos- 
terior i"ucli  larger  than  those  i»ear  the  middleof  the  sideof  the  jaw,  which 
are  wholly  coalescent;  distance  of  eye  from  angle  of  mouth  about  twice 
its  diani<?ter;  upper  lip  double  for  its  whole  length;  gill  rakers  short  and 
sharp,  about  4 -|- 6;  caudal  truneato;  pectorals  reacaing  past  ti]»8  of  v;mi- 
trals,  which  retich  about  midway  from  their  base  to  vent.  Origin  of 
ventral  spine  under  anterior  end  of  pectoral  base.  Color  in  spirits,  olive 
jfreen,  each  scale  with  a  faint  brown  central  blotch ;  head  nearly  plain; 
vertical  fins  greenish,  blotched  with  brown,  the  membranes  of  tho  first 
2  spines  blackish.  West  Indies,  north  to  Peusacola;  known  to  us  from 
2  specimens — 1  from  Havana,  the  other  from  Pensacola.  Our  identifica- 
tion is  somewhat  doubtful,  as  Poey  says  that  the  upper  lij)  is  double 
posteriorly  only,     {retractus,  drawn  back.) 

Culliodon  retractus,  Poey,  SynojiHis,  345,  1868,  Havana  (Coll.  Poey);  Poey,  Enuraerutio, 

116, 1875. 
Cnjpti}tomr»  dentiens,  Jokban,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1886,  45  ,...,1  :''7;  not  of  Poey. 
Cryptolomxt,*  retractun,  Joudan,  Ueviow  Labroid  Fishesi,  065,  1890. 


H 


if 


i 


PV' 


J  ^ 


1624         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


2084.  CBYPT«T0JIU8  USTtIS  (Cuvi.T  &.  Val.'ii.'i(Miiie8). 

Head  about  3i ;  depth  3.  I).  IX,  9;  A,  II,  8;  scales  1^-21-6.  IJody  rnod- 
(^ately  elongated,  coiiipresaud.  Mead  rather  pointed ;  luterul  teeth  of  lo\V(  r 
Jaw  Bubeqiial,  arranged  in  2  rows  which  arc  not  parallel,  the  posteridi- 
teeth  of  the  anterior  series  standing  below  and  outside  the  anterior  teeth 
of  th«»  posterior  series.  Posterior  canine  usually  proccdtsd  by  2  or  '^  .sinalln 
ones;  upper  lip  double  for  its  whole  leugth;  profile  slightly  convex  above 
eye  and  somewhat  concave  before  it ;  snout  long,  2]^  in  head ;  distance  iioin 
eye  to  angle  of  mouth  3  in  head,  and  25^  times  diameter  of  eye;  eye  small. 
0|  in  head;  anterior  canines  about  4  on  each  side,  strong  and  divergent; 
lower  teeth  larger  than  in  other  species.  Color  in  spirits,  olive  gray,  with 
irregular  marblings  of  slaty  gray;  1  ditfuse  dark  blotches  along  base  oi 
dorsal;  dorsal  olive,  finely  mottled  with  dark  cross  lines,  the  membrane 
of  the  first  2  spines  black;  caudal  and  anal  i)lain  olive.  West  Indies, 
north  to  Charleston,  south  to  Bahia;  rather  common.  We  have  examined 
specimens  of  this  species  from  Kio  Jiinoiro,  Pensacola,  and  Charleston,  a.s 
well  as  the  original  type  from  lira/il.*     (ustux,  scorched,  from  the  color.) 

OallyodoHuttus,  CrviER&  Valenciknnks,  Hist.  Nat.  Poisa.,  xiv,  280, 1839,  Brazil;  (li'.NTHEn 
Cat.,  IV,  214, 1862;  GuicHENOT,  Scariiles,  59, 1865  (note  on  types) ;  Jordan  cfc  Gilbeut, 
Synopsis,  606,  1883;  JoiiOAN,  Procj.  V.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1886,  .')4I  (note  on  type). 

Oiiptotoinvt  utttis,  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Mus.  1886,  228;  Jordan,  Keview  Labroid 
Fisliea,  666, 1890. 

20»6.  t'llYPTOTOJIUS  AUROl'UNCTATIS  (Ciivier  &  ValencieiiuesV 

Head  3;  depth  3.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  11,9;  scales  24.  Lateral  teeth  of  lower 
jaw  subetjual.  I'osterior  canine  usually  single,  sometintes  wanting;  teeth 
otherwise  much  as  in  C,  uatus,  the  anterior  canines  smaller;  upper  lip  not 
double  for  its  whole  length;  snout  sharp,  the  front  not  steep;  snout  2'i  in 
head;  eye  5.  Color  in  life  ''greenish,  with  small  gilt  spots  arranged  in 
oblique  irregular  bands  (m  the  vertical  fins;  a  yellowish  line  from  eye  to 
mouth,  and  others  on  side  of  head."  San  Domingo.  Known  only  from 
the  original  types  t  examined  by  us  in  the  muset  m  at  Paris,  (aiirum,  gold ; 
jynnctatuH,  dotted.) 

Callyodon  auropiinctatv*,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xiv,  290, 1830,  San 
Domingo;  GCnther,  Cat.,  iv, 214,  1862;  CJcichenot,  Scarides,  60,  1865  (note  on  type); 
Jordan,  Proe,.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1886, 542  (note  on  tyi)e). 

Cruptotomvs  anropvnctahts,  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1886,228;  Jordan,  Koview 
Labroid  Fislies,  666,  1890. 


♦Wo  liave  tlie  following  note  on  the  type  of  Callyodon  ugtiis:  "A  drie<l  skin  somewlir' 
distorted;  0.23'"  Ion;;.  Brazil.  (Delalahtte.)  Color  all  laded.  Lower  later.il  teeth  ver\ 
regularly  arranged;  some  teeth  not  dissimilar  outside  ol"  these  in  front.  Lower  teelli 
growing  rather  stronger  backward.  Ii'pper  lateral  teeth  very  tine  and  even,  close  set. 
One  canine  near  middle  of  jaw  turned  outward  and  backward.'  No  other  canines  evident 
on  left  side;  right  side  broken." 

tWe  li.avo  the  following  notes  on  the  typaa  of  Callyodon  auropiinctatus:  "In  fair  con- 
dition; O.l?""  long;  from  S.an  Domingo.  (Kicord.)  Body  rather  elongate;  the  snoiil 
sharp,  the  front  not  steep.  Ey8  5inliea<l;  snout  21);  head  3;  depth  3.  Teeth  on  edge  of 
each  .jaw  regular,  those  of  lower  Jaw  twice  as  large,  the  front  .series  standing  outsidt;  of 
the  lateral  series.  LTpner  ,jaw  with  1  strong  canine  hooked  outward  and  b.ickward,  a 
little  behind  the  middle  of  its  side.  Anterior  canines  small,  those  of  the  lower  .jaws 
scarcidy  unlike  the  ordinary  teeth.  Upper  lip  not  double  for  its  whole  length.  The  otiicr 
specimen,  0. 13""  long,  also  irom  San  Domingo,  numtioued  by  Cuvier,  lacks  the  posterior 
canine,  but  seems  to  be  otherwise  similar. 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1025 


2086.  ("BYPTOTOJirS  BKRVMJMJS,  Jordan  and  Sunin. 
Head  3^  (3i|  with  caiuliil);  depth  3j^  (4j^);  eye  4^  in  head;  snont  2J. 


D. 

IX,  10;  A.  II,  J(;  wrah's  2A-24-().     Body  iium^  elongat*'  than  in  ndatt'd  spc- 
(ioH,  ronipresscd.     Jaws  ]>uh',  tho  median   wntniv  not  t'vidcTit;   n-ntral 
liortion  of  ««u<;h  tooth  with  a  leddish-brown  spot.     Upper  jaw  laterally 
with  a  '.'ontiniums  cntting  i'd<;e  of  coalesced  t»'cth,  this  edge  t'vcn  along 
(he  middle  of  the  ,ja\v  and  Homewhat  senaiie  posteriorly;  anteriorly  the 
cutting  edg»'  gives  place  to  abont  2  series  of  lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  com- 
pressed teeth,  which  coalesce  at  has*'  only;  no  posterior  canines  in  any  of 
(hi^  many  spei-iniens  examined;  lower  jaw  laterally  with  a  series  of  com- 
pressed teeth,  coalescent  for  a  short  distance  and  close  set ;  in  front  are  2  or 
;;  series  similar  to  thos«'  in  the  upper  jaw.    Jaws  subequal,  the  lower  very 
slightly  included;  upper  lip  doable  for  almost  its  entire  length,  its  inner 
Ibid  narrow  inesially,  the  lip  covering  most  of  the  upper  jaw.     Isthmus 
moderate,  the  gill  membranes  not  forming  a  fold  across  it.    Snout  rather 
acute;  cheek  with  »■  single  row  of  about  5  scales;  4  or  5  scales  on  the 
median  lino  before  uorsal.     Lateral  line  subcontinuous,  its  tubes  each 
with  4  branches,  which  cover  most  of  the  scale.     Dorsal  spines  very  slen- 
der, not  pungent;  caudal  fin  slightly  rounded,  its  outer  rays  1^  in  head; 
jiectorals  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals,  which  reach  midway  between 
their  base  and  front  of  anal;  origin  of  ventral  spine  directly  under  ante- 
rior end  of  pectoral  base.    Lower  pharyngeals  formed  exactly  as  in  Spari- 
soma,  not  quite  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  surface  slightly  concave.    Color 
in  life,  olive  green  or  olive  gray,  mottled  above  with  darker  and  small 
whitish  bhttches;  some  whitish  blotches  above  lateral  line;  some  ahnig 
lateral  line,  a  row  of  5  or  6,  smaller  than  pupil,  in  a  straight  line  below 
lateral  line;  5  or  6  faint  greenish  blotch-like  areas  along  sides;  2  or  3 
narrow,  parallel  whitish  stripca  more  or  less  distinct  along  lower  parts  of 
side  bordered  with  brownish,  tho  upper  running  from  below  eye  straight 
to  middle  of  caudal,  the  lower  passing  just  below  pectoral;  some  whitish 
bands  radiating  from  eye ;  usually  some  dark-green  spots  before  and  behind 
eye ;  top  of  head  vermiculated  and  dotted  with  black ;  a  brown  band  a«ross 
chin  ;  dorsal  pale,  mottled  with  olive;  a  dusky  blotch  on  front  of  dorsal ; 
caudal  greenish,  edged  with  brown,  its  outer  rays  barred  with  Itrown  and 
light  olive,  speckled  and  barred  with  brown ;  ventrals  pale,  faintly  barred 
with  brown;  pectorals  pale;  ventral  fins  in  adult  edged  with  light  brown- 
ish red.    The  whitish  lines  of  sides  become  fainter  with  age.    In  s])irits 
the  brown  coloration  gives  plac*-  to  grayish  or  greenish,  each  seah^  often 
with  a  grotuiish  blotch.     Length  6   inches,     l-'lorida  Keys;  occasionally 
north  to  Mew  Jersey,  south  to  Rio  .Janeiro;  connnon  about  Key  West  on 
nm.ldy  bottoms.    A  single  si)ccimen  secured  in  the  market  at  Havana,  5^ 
inches  in  length,  where  Poey  seems  not  to  have  noticed  the  species.    A 
specimen  from  Rio  Janeiro  has  the  anteri<u-  profile  steeper  and  the  eye 
smaller,  51  in  head.     We  have  examined  the  young  specimen  described 
and  figured  by  Dr.  liean  as  "  ISjxtrisoma  xp."  from  Somers  Point,  New  Jersey. 
It  is  idtntical  with  young  specimens  of  Cry  plot  emus  heryllirua  from  Key 
West.     The  occurrence  of  this  tropical  fish  at  a  point  so  far  to  the  north- 
ward is  surprising.     {berylUnus,  color  of  beryl  or  emerald.) 
3030 25 


r 

t 

1 

\   ;■ 

H  ir 


ill 


1 


1026  DuUctin  47,  United  Slates  National  Museum.     . 

CnjptiittnnuH  bert/lliniit,  Jordan  &  Swain,  Proc.  I'.  8.  Nat.  Muh.  1884,  101,  Havana;  Key 
West  (TvpcH,  NoH.  a'lOO?  niid  3,'>ir!2.  Coll.  I).  S.  Jordan)-,  Johuan,  I.e.,  137;  Jouhan 
J'roc.  V.  8,  Nut.  Mu8. 1880,  48;  JouDAN,  1886,228;  JonnAN,  U«iviow  Lnbrohl  Fishes,  Cdn 
'  1890. 

fSpariiioma  «p.,  Hean,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish  Coiiini.  1888, 1U7,  Somers  Point,  New  Jersey;  .voiiii;; 

H]H!CilllCn. 

2037.  rRYPTOTOMI'S  RONEI'N,  Cope. 

llviid  31 ;  depth  41.  D.  IX,  9;  A.  Ill,  9;  c.vo  5  in  1  cud;  niont  3f ;  scale  s 
l,t-2r>-0.  Liitcnil  teeth  in  each  jaw  Hnhoquiil,  iho^v  «ii  the  h)wer  jaw 
liiifjcr  than  tho.sc  of  the  upper  and  forming;  a  contiifuous  series.  Teotli  ui 
anterior  series  in  upper  jaw  lonj>;,  canine-like,  directed  forward,  separato 
to  th<'ir  hases;  h»wer  jaw  with  its  anterior  teeth  long  and  sonu^whai, 
cuuine-like;  upper  lip  double*  for  all  its  length;  scales  of  hreast  imkI 
belly  c«ui8iderably  (-nlarged,  3  scales  before  ventrals,  5  before  dorsal; 
body  slender,  elongate,  little  compressed;  eye  large,  uaoi'c  than  ^  snout; 
snout  very  sharp,,  the  ])rofil«'  straight  to  above  eye.  Caudal  truncate; 
spines  of  dorsal  long  and  very  flexible;  pectorals  reaching  past  tips  di 
ventrals ;  origin  of  ventral  spine  under  middle  of  pectoral  base.  Coloration 
nearly  plain  ("rosy  purple"  according  to  Cope),  with  4  dark  cros> 
shades;  the  back  vaguely  barred;  caudal  barred  with  darker,  a  distinct 
blackish  axillary  spot;  lower  flns  pale,  probably  yellow  in  life.  West, 
Indies,  south  to  IJrazil;  apparently  rare.  Of  this  8i)ecies  we  have  exam 
ined  the  ori.-rinal  type  iu  the  museum  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
at  Philadelphia,  and  3  smaller  specimens  taken  by  the  Albatroiis  at  Bahia 
It  is  the  most  slender  of  all  the  Scarida:.     (roseus,  rosy.) 

Cruptotomng  rogevt,  Cope,  Trans.  Am.  Thil.  Soc,  xin,  1869,  462,  St.  Martins  (Coll.  Dr 
Van  Ki,ijj;er8ina) :  Joiidan,  Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mn.s.  1885,  545  (note  on  typo);  Jobuan, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1880, 228;  Joudan,  Review  Labroid  Fishes,  666,  1890. 

647.  CALOTOMUS,  (Jilbert. 

Calotomus,  Gii.beut,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1890,  70  (xeiiodon). 

Teeth  distinct,  equal,  imbricated  in  re^^nlar  obliqut*  rows  in  both  j.iws, 
wh<dly  <'oncealing  the  dental  plat(>8  to  the  anterior  edge  of  which  they 
are  aflixed.  Cntting  edge  of  each  jaw  formed  by  the  outer  teeth,  tlio 
dental  plate  not  reaching  the  edge,  and  visible  only  from  within.  Lips 
double  for  a  short  distance  only.  Scales  of  cheek  in  1  row;  lateral 
line  continuous;  bases  of  dorsal  and  anal  with  scaly  shc^aths;  dcnsal 
spines  9,  soft  and  flexible;  gill  membranes  broadly  joined  to  the  isthmus. 
This  genus  is  based  on  a  large  Scaroid  of  the  eastern  Pacific,  allied  to 
Crjiptotomus,  but  diftering  in  the  arrangement  of  the  teeth.  Some  of  tli( 
East  Indian  species  referred  by  Bleeker  to  Valliodon  may  belong  to  Caloto- 
mus.    {HixXoi,  beautiful;  ro//d?,  cutting.) 

20iJ8.  CALOTOMUS  XE>'ODO\,  (lilbert. 


Hoad3i;  depth  2*.    D.  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  9;  scales  lf-25-7.    Body  deep 
compressed,  snout  short  and  convex,  2*  in  head;  interorhital  width  I 


*  In  our  specimens ;  double  on  sides  only  according  to  Cope. 


Jordau  and  Evcrniann. — Fishes  of  North  Amciica.     1027 


maxillary  3J ;  oyo  2Jr  in  snout.  Teeth  pointed,  iiiibrirated  in  <inin<'niix 
iiiilor,  both  tii)H  iiiul  edj^es  wliolly  free,  tlie  anterior  fact'  convex,  the  pos- 
terior fa<'(^  alone  udnate  to  the  d«-ntal  plati*;  of  equal  si/.o  and  similar  in 
I)(>th.jaw8,  there  boinf;  3  or  4  teeth  in  an  obliquo  cross  serieH  anteriorly, 
;il»out  12  of  these,  series  in  the  upper  Jaw,  and  M  in  the  lower;  2  teeth  in 
the  upper  jaw  atthean^^le  of  the  mouth  are  conical  aud  (Mirved  downward 
;ind  backward.  Scales  on  cheek  in  a  single  series,  3  or  4  in  number;  4 
•Hiiiies  on  median  line  before  the  dorsal  fin,  the  anterior  «)ne  encroaching 
nn  occiput;  s<'ales  on  breast  not  reduced,  3  on  median  line  before  ventrals, 
II  series  of  scales  between  lateral  line  and  dorsal,  the  \  series  forminj; 
a  sheath  alouf;  base  of  tin.  Dorsal  spines  rather  hi};h  and  llexible,  tho 
(iiif^in  of  the  tin  over  base  of  pectorals;  4-audal  dee]>ly  luinite,  the  outer 
I  ays  produced,  ^  bmger  than  tho  middle  rays,  1^  in  head ;  none  of  the  ven- 
tral rays  ehmgate,  the  tin  reaching  about  halfway  to  vent,  \\  in  head; 
pectorals  with  wide  oblique  base,  the  free  margin  of  fin  somewhat 
/-shaped,  tho  upper  angle  acute,  the  lower  rounded,  the  longest  ray  IJ^  in 
lie  id;  origin  of  ventral  spine  under  middle  of  pectoral  base.  Color  mot- 
tled silvery,  slaty,  and  brown,  without  detinito  pattern;  top  of  head  and 
snout  dusky;  pectorals  black  at  base;  ventrals  dusky  at  tip;  dorsal  and 
anal  black  on  basal  half,  mottled  distally;  caudal  mottled,  narrowly 
edged  behind  with  white.  Two  specimens  from  Socorro  Islan<l,  the  long- 
est 14  inches  long.     (Gilbert.)     (|fV 05,  strange;  oSovg,  tooth.) 

( idotoimiB  xenodon,  (iiLnERT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Xat.  Mua.  1890,  70,  Socorro  Island  (Coll.  Alba- 
tross) I  JoHDAN,  Review  Labroid  FiMlies,  0G7, 1890. 

648.  SPARISOMA,  Swainson. 

(V1E.IAS.) 

S}iarisoma,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hist.  Class.  Fishes,  «'tc.,  n,  227, 1830  (ahililgaardi). 

Si'arus,  Bleickkk,  Versl.  Aknd.  "Wot.  Amsterdam,  xn,  Scaroid,  3,  1861  (cretensis;  not  of 

Forskal). 
/.».9cor«s,  Jordan  &.  Kveumann,  Check-List,  416, 1806  (crctensix). 

Lower  pharyngeal  broader  than  long,  snbhexagonal,  its  surface  mo<ler- 
ately  concave  or  tlattish;  teeth  in  each  jaw  largely  coalesceut  in  adult, 
their  tips  more  or  less  separate  in  the  young,  tho  edge,  especially  of  the 
lower  jaw,  remaining  uneven ;  the  ujcdian  suture  in  each  jaw  present,  but 
not  well  defined;  1  to  4  radiating  canines  sometimes  present  on  each  side 
of  upper  jaw  above  its  cutting  edge;  *  gill  membi-anes  broadly  united  to 
t  be  isthmus ;  dorsal  spines  pungent ;  upper  lip  double  for  its  entire  length ; 
lower  jaw  projecting  beyond  upper;  lateral  line  not  interrupted,  passing 
uradually  from  its  row  of  scales  posteriorly  to  the  series  next  below  it; 
tubes  of  lateral  line  much  branched;  scales  about  head  large,  those  on 
t  heek  in  a  single  row,  those  on  the  median  lino  in  front  of  dorsal  3  or  4  in 
number.  Species  of  rather  small  si/.e,  most  of  them  American;  some  of 
them  showily  colored,  Spuriyjma  cietennia  (Linna-us)  the  )Searus  {6Hdpoi) 
of  the  ancients  is  the  only  nember  of  this  family  found  in  Europe.     It  is 


■^".-'i 

-^r^ 


•1 


i       ■ 


*  In  some  species  having  normally  1  or  more  canine  teeth,  some  or  all  of  them  arc 
occasionally  absent,  on  one  or  both  sides. 


\- 


• 


I 


1028  Ihillctin  /7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


m 


an  ally  of  Sparisoma  Jtarencen8.  Wc  begin  the  group  with  tho  smallcsi 
and  uioHt  gt-neralized  fornm,  those  wlioae  iluntition  approacliea  noarcHt  tn 
Criiptotomiis  and  its  l^ubroid  aiuu^storH.  (dTtdfjo^,  Sparuu,  ancient  nanic  <<{' 
Honie  Hparoid  llsh ;  dco/na,  b(>dy.     Hparius  is  said  to  bo  I'roni  dTraifjoo,  I  gUHii. ) 

Sl'AniSOMA  : 

a.  U|)|)cr,jaw  with  oiio  or  inon«  cnniiivB  abovo  itH  cutting  uil^e  (tlii-fiii  occasionally  uli.sd 
loto  on  OIIO  or  liotli  Hidt'ti) ;  coloriition  often  lirilliuiit. 
b.  Ciunlal  triuicato  or  HlJKlitly  rounded,  tliu  angles  not  acuto. 
0.  I'oBtorior  canines  2  to  4  on  oacli  Hide. 

(^  Cniidnl  tin  witli  more  or  lenH  of  black  on  posterior  margin,  yellowiali  :it 
base;  anal  li^ht  bluish  and  reddisli,  its  ti]i  duHky ;  cuniuus  Htroii;:, 
4  (rarely  11)  on  eacli  side;  4  or  r>  scales  on  <-lieek.  Coior  olive  grcin 
nlmvt*,  mottled  and  speckled  with  red;  Hnoiitwitli  bluelincH;  abliii' 
band  around  lower  Jaw;  axil  and  base  of  ])ectoral  deep  blne-bhu  K 
tins  mostly  light  orange  and  yellow  xystrudon,  2(yM. 

dd.  Caudal  (in  without  black  in  the  adult;   1  or  2  more  or  less  distim  i 
whitish  bara  across  the  chin. 
e.  Canines  ;<  or  4  on  each  side,  radiating  horizontally;  axil  with  littli 
or  no  blue,  but  with  a  dusky  blotch  partly  hid<l;.u  by  the  tin  . 
front  stce|H)r  and  less  curved  than  in  hoplomyntax;  body  and 
tins  mottled,  but  mnch  loss  so  than  in  hojilomystax. 
/,  Canines  3  on  ea<'h  side ;    pores  of  lateral    line  with  but  'J 
branches;  sides  of  head  much  dotted  with  black;  caudal 
barred.  Atomakium,  •J04i). 

//.  Canines 4 on  each  side;  tubes  of  lateral  lino  much  branched,- 
i\  distinct  narrow  streak  of  blue  downward  and  forward 
from  eye;  caudal  nearly  plain, dusky  olive;  anal  mot 

tied.  KADIAN.S,  204 1 . 

ee.  Canines  2  or  3  on  each  side;  axillary  region  extensively  deci) 

blue  in  life,  this  forming  a  large  blotch  around  and  on  Imso 

of  pectoral;  a  curved  series  of  small  white  specks  around 

the  blue  on  base  of  pectoral;  body  deep  and  robust;  tins  all 

mottled,  the  anal  with  3  darker  areas;  body  with  3  faint  ]iiilo 

lengthwise  streaks,  more  or  less  obscure;  2  of  these  bound 

a  more  or  less  interrupted  dusk}'  baud  from  eye  to  base  of 

caudal.  hoi'i.omystax,  2042. 

cc.  Posterior  canine  single  on  each  side;  body  rather  stout.    Color  grayisli 

olive,  closely  speckled  with  whitish  and  dusky;  lower  half  of  body 

abruptly  paler  from  level  of  eye;  upper  half  with  a  narrow  whitisli 

stripe  continent  with  the  back  from  nape  to  end  of  dorsal ;  the  part  of 

back  below  this  crossed  by  irregular  <lusky  bars  which  end  abrui)tly  at 

level  of  eye;  lower  half  with  obscure  pale  lengthwise  streaks;  a  blai  k 

spot  as  large  as  pupil  on  end  of  opertde ;  axil  and  liase  of  pectoral  (lar]< ; 

dorsal  gray,  througliout  mottled  with  pale  and  vaguely  barred  and 

spotted  with  blackish;  caudal  dark  (dive,  with  narrow  palo  cross  bars; 

a  broad  olive  cross  bar  at  base;  anal  colored  like  soft  dorsal;  ventral 

faintly  barred ;  pectoral  plain ;  chin  with  2  broad  silvery  cross  bars,  and 

2  irregular  bars  of  dark  olive.  niphoiilks,  204:i. 

66.  Caudal  tin  simjjly  lunate,  tlie  outer  rays  more  or  less  exserted,  but  not  twice  ;i>, 

long  as  the  inner  rays  and  much  shorter  than  tho  head;  canine  single  on 

each  side  (rarely  obsolete  or  duplicated). 

<j.  Head  with  a  scarlet  stripe  from  below  eye  to  angle  of  mouth;  a  small 

scarlet  streak  behind  eye;  color  chieHj'  ]mr]>lish  brown;  a  round  8|)()l 

of  yellow  and  black  behind  head,, just  below  lateral  line;  flns  chietly 

red ;  angles  of  caudal  black ;  axillary  spot  obsciin^ 

AUROFRENATDM,  2044. 


4 


in  ' 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1629 


lioily  lirowniHh,  not  Htripctl ; 
oxviiRAiJiiU'M,  U04r>. 


gg.  Ileail  witlinnt  Hoarlct  Htri|»ti. 

h.  Pectoral  vi<ry  \n\\^  and  almrp,  5  in  Ixxly 

no  axillary  H|>ot. 
AA.  P«>rtoral  nioilerate,  I<>hm  than  \,  lonutli. 

».  Color  dark  rmldiHli  brown,  with  wliitr  niottlinKA;  no  yellow  or 
Mack  H|>ot ;  Ixdly  abruptly  red  ;  tiuH  inoHtly  cherry  red  ;  ax- 
illary Hpot  ol»8olct«;  body  riitbnr  deep;  Hcah-H  larKO,  tlii-lr 
oiitlint'H  widl  lU'llnt-d.  aiiii.I)(iaari>i,'JU4A. 

tt.  Color  browniHli,  with  :i<>r4  ))alo  longitudinal  Htrvakn,  th-<  upper 
running  to  a  faint  palu  l>lot<'b  on  back  of  tail  lictwncn  l! 
dark-brown  blotclier*;  cnuilal  diHtinctly  jialo  cdircitl  bvliii:(l 
and  nioro  distim'tly  barred  than  in  >V.  jtaueuceni;  Hjiot  at 
baHo  ol  ]iectoral  brownlHli  and  very  faint;  about  4  Huuiil 
dusky  bh>t('h<'H  along  bane  of  dorHal,  the  last  one  nioHt  dlx- 
tinct  at  baHO  of  hint  ray;  caudal  with  many  croHx  barn  ai:;! 
IdotcheM;  Huout  duHky;  chin  with  1  or  2  wliitiah  croHH 
bars;  caudal  concave,  with  Hharp  anglcH ;  dorsal  and  anal 
mottled  with  brown;  pcctoralti  and  ventrals  ]>lain;  young 
with  dark  opercular  blotch  and  dark  ]>ointH  about  ey(«. 

IMSTlNf  :TtTM,  '2047. 
t'lu.  Canilal  flu  in  adult  deeply  forked,  the  npper  lobo  about  as  long  as  the  head, 
and  twice  or  more  the  length  of  the  inner  rays;  caudal  fin  variegated. 
j.  Canines  3  or  4  on  each  side;  pores  of  lateral  line  excessively  branched, 
each  with  several  (0  to  8)  much  divided  branches.    Coh)r  bright  green- 
ish blue  (the  sides  sometimes  with  a  blue  band) ;  caudal  lobes  blue,  the 
middle  rays  red;  dorsal  and  anal  red;  pectorals  yellowisli, the  axil- 
lary spot  largo,  black,  edged  with  red.  chkvsoi'teui'.m,  2048. 
jj.  Canines  1  or  2  (m  each  side;  upper  and  lower  caudal  lobes  greenish. 

k.  Opercles  without  black  and  yellow  spot,  pores  of  lateral  line  each 

witli  a  few  (4  or  5)  nearly  simple  branches,    ('olor  in  life  c.hietly 

light  blue,  without  sharp  markings,  fading  to  reddish  in  spirits; 

caudal  dull  greenish,  the  midtllo  raya  reddish:  other  fins  mostly 

s(-arlet;  axillary  sjmt  well  defined.  lohito,  2040. 

kk.  Opercle  with  an  inky- black  spot,  in  front  of  which  is  a  golden  sjiot; 

1  short  blunt  canine;  no  spot  at  base  of  pectoral;  axil  dark 

within;  a  white  blotch  near  root  of  caudal;  gill  membranes 

red;  pectorals  dark  green  pcioriorly;  anal  green  at  base  and 

margin,  brownish  in  the  middle;  caudal  with  a  red  crescent, 

separated  by  a  green  band  from  the  transparent  posterior  mar 

gin.  VIRIDE,  2050. 

Et'.scAncs  («i!,  true ;  (Txapo?,  scams) : 

aa.  Upper  jaw  never  with  posterior  lateral  ciuiincs;  colors  dull,  usually  mottled  brown 

or  greenish. 

{.  Caudal  slightly  rounded,  the  angles  not  produced. 

m.  Scales  of  lateral  line,  and  some  on  nape  and  opercles  black;  dorsal  spines 
stout,  olive,  the  vertical  tins  edged  with  violet;  axil  violet. 

STBIOATUM,  SO-ll. 

II.  Caudal  lunate,  or  truncate  with  sharp  angles  (rounded  in  the  very  young). 
n.  Caudal  tin  distinctly  barred  with  irregular  brown  spots  and  markings, 
o.  Body  without  distinct  pale  longitudinal  streaks  above;  caudal  not 
evidently  pale  edged ;  s]>ot  on  base  of  pectoral  blackish  and  dis- 
tinct; no  evident  pale  or  dark  blotches  on  back  of  tail. 
p.  Caudal  lunate  or  8ubtrun(;ato  in  adult,  rounded  in  young.    Gen- 
eral color  olivaceous  or  reddish  brown,  clouded,  and  washed 
with  cherry  red;    lower  fins  mostly  red;    pectorals    light 
orange;  chin  pale,  with  a  whitish  cross  band. 

FLAVESCKNS,  2052. 


'  I 


t 


I     : 


1630         Ihilktin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


.1 


il 


UP 


I'itf 


!?i 


I 


p;>.  Cntulnl  tninrntc,  not  at  nil  Innato  in  tlw<  ndiilt.  tli<>  aiiKlcH  mi  v 

Hli^lilly  iirotliit'uil. 

</.  ('(tlor  oIlvai'xiiiiH  or  liliiisli  urccn,  ii  wliitiHli  Hlrciik  bflur 

iiioiitli ;  a  (lark  nxilliiry  n)i<>t  iiHiiiiUy  |iruMfiit :  a  wliii  ,,.ii 

liaiiil  on  rniKliil;  tiim  dottud.  Ki'iiKii'iNNK,  :>(IJ  ;. 

nn.  (.'uiiilal  (in  not  <'roHHl>arri'il, 

r.  Axillary  H|i<it  lilack,  vrry  dlMtinrt;  ont«>r  rayH  ol"  cniidnl  cnnHiili  r- 

alily  prodnt'iid,  the  lon^tli  of  <<XH<«rl(<d  part  ii  to  i  t'lot  of  licatl. 

f.  Caudal  red,  IIh  outer  rays  );roon;   axillary  Hpol  viiry  distimi ; 

Ixxly  oliva('<M)nH,  nearly  ]dain,  reddiHli  ludow;  Honio  gri'oni>ii 

Idiiti  on  lii'ud;    II  faint  K''<'**i>i>*l>  streak  running  liackwinil 

from  the  an^le  of  tli<-  mouth.  iiw  '.'iiii ai.r,  lmi'<  i. 

M.  (Jaudal  violac.i'ouH,  ittt  outer  rays  \  head  ;  a  dark  »i'>ot  at  haue  i>r 

]it'ctoral;  ciilor  duHky  red,  ai'aleH  of  hack  and  aidt-H  with 

red  HpotH.  MAHCIIALESI'II.OS,  'JO'if.. 

rt.  Axillary  sjiot  faint  or  wanting;  coloration  uniform  dark  purjili^l, 
violttt ;  :i  lari;<!  Hcaloa  on  cheek;  dorHuI  B|>iiieM  rather  Hlcnilir. 
hut  iiuuKt'ut;  caudal  <>inarKinate;  IuIm'm  of  each  Hcale  of  lalcr:il 
line  nuich  ramified  and  uxtendin);  over  the  wludu  Hcalo;  toetli 
of  moderate  Hize,  very  distinct  on  the  ed^iCH  of  thojawM. 

riiONUosUM,  20j(! 

Subgenus  SPARISOMA. 

2030.  NPAItlSOMA  XYSTKODOX,  Jordan  &  Swain. 

Head  3  (3?  with  caudal);  depth  2^  (33),  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  Hcalcs 
2i-24-6.  Body  oblong.  Jaws  pjile;  npper  jaw  with  3  or  \  exsei'tfd 
caniucs  on  each  side  above  the  cutting  edge,  the  largest  in  front  of  tlic 
angle  of  the  month,  curved  outward  and  Horaewhat  backward,  the  otlicis 
farther  forward,  1  of  them  being  near  the  median  suture;  upper  liji.M 
covering  most  of  upper  jaw.  Eye  moderate,  4|  in  head;  snout  bluntiHli. 
2;|;  cheek  with  1  row  of  4  or  5  scales;  pores  of  lateral  line  each  with  '.\ 
to  6  branches,  covering  most  of  the  scale;  4  scales  before  dorsal ;  pectoral 
broad,  its  npp(T  angle  broadly  rounded,  not  reaching  nnich  past  ti]t8  of 
ventrals.  Caudal  lin  slightly  convex  when  spread  open,  its  outer  rays 
scarcely  as  long  as  middle  ones,  lA  in  head.  Color  in  life,  bright  olive 
green  above,  ]talor  below,  tlie  upper  parts  very  much  mottled,  speckled 
with  white  and  marbled  with  coppery  red  on  various  scales;  head 
similarly  green,  dotted  with  whitish  above,  a  narrow  ring  of  bnglit 
blue  above  eye,  interrupted  above,  a  blue  stripe  from  it  straight  to 
angle  of  mouth;  blue  and  coppery  markings  on  opercle;  lower  part  of 
head  light  yellow;  a  blue  band  around  lower  jaw;  axil  and  a  spot  at 
base  of  pectoral  in  front  above  deep  blue  black;  dorsal  orange  llesh  color, 
its  tip  paler;  caudal  yellow  at  base,  paler  beyond,  its  posterior  portion 
more  or  less  jet-black,  the  fin  with  a  few  whitish  dots  toward  t\w  base; 
anal  light  bluish  and  reddish,  its  tip  dnsky;  ventrals  pale;  pectorals 
light  yellowish;  lining  of  opercle  blaci<ish.  Other  specimens  having  tin 
same  markings  were  pearly  bluish  rather  than  j^reen  above,  livid  below; 
the  blue  on  head  paler,  the  red  of  a  light  yellowish  carmine.  Some  highly 
colored  specimens  are  greener,  with  belly  bright  yellow,  brightest  at 
throat;  anal  and  caudal  chieily  jet-black.  In  spirits  this  species  is  dark 
olive  green  above,  paler  below ;  caudal  and  anal  very  broadly  margined 


Jordan  and  Evennann, — Fishes  of  North  America,      HWl 


V.  itli  blnok;  black  Itur  acrofw  biwe  of  ^toctornl  very  diHtin<-t.  The  ainoiiiit 
III'  bluck  on  caudal  aii«l  anal  aconiH  tu  dopoiid  ou  a^c,  the  vnry  young 
sliowing  scarcely  any.  West  Indies,  north  to  Key  West,  generally  coui- 
iiion,  but  confused  with  other  species.  TIiIh  species  is  found  in  eclKniss 
.iiid  VncM%  about  Key  West,  in  company  with  S.  hojtlomtiHhtx,  on«l  is  equally 
aliundant  with  the  latter.  It  reaches  a  still  smaller  si/e,  none  of  the 
many  specimens  obtained  exceeding  .5  inches  in  length.  These  aresexu- 
illy  mature.  One  or  2  specimens  of  this  species  were  seen  in  the  market 
it  Havana,  and  many  s]>ecimcu8  were  obtained  by  the  Alhalront  at  St. 
I.iicia.  Dr.  Uean  found  the  species  at  Co/.umel.  (ijOc/t/jok,  a  scraper; 
o6ovi,  tooth.) 

S/iarisoma  xi/ttroiton,  Jouvw  \  SwAm,  Troc.  V.  S.  Nut.  Muh.  1884. 01),  Key  West;  Havana 
(Type,  No.  :t5174.  (.'oil.  Jordan  &  Dye) ;  .loBDAN,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Mim.  1884, 1;t7;  ItEA.N, 
Bull.  U.  H.  FiHh  Cointn.  1888, 108;  JoniiAN.  Kcviow  r.iihrold  FImIios.  078, 1890. 

3040.  SPARISOMA  ATOM.VIliI'M  (I'oey). 

Profile  regular,  the  form  elegant;  depth  '3\  in  total  length;  eye  4^ 
in  head;  3  posterior  canines;  scales  of  lateral  lino  with  but  2  small 
branches  diverging  at  base;  caudal  truncate.  Color  carmine  red  in  life, 
paler  below,  with  pale  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales;  anal  orange; 
branching  pores  below  orbit;  sides  of  head  much  dotted  with  black; 
caudal  with  pale  vertical  bands ;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  dotted ;  mem- 
lirane  of  first  2  dorsal  spines  dusky;  anal  bluish.  Length  120  mm. 
('uba(Poey);  not  seen  by  us.     (atomariuH,  marked  with  atoms  or  dots.) 

Scania atomaritis,  Poev, Memorias,  ir,  423,  1861,  Havana;  Poky,  Synopsis,  34:t,  1868. 


2041.  SPARISOMA  RADIAXN  (Cuvier  &  Valenciennes). 

Head  3A;  depth  3.  1).  IX,  9;  A.  II,  9;  eye  i  in  head;  snout  3;  scales 
l.V-26-6.  Body  oblong,  compressed;  anterior  profile  evenly  convex;  front 
steeper  and  less  curved  than  in  S.  hoplomyntax ;  posterior  canines  4  on  each 
side,  radiating  horizontally,  the  anterior  canines  pointing  forward,  the 
lateral  curved  back,  those  near  the  angle  of  the  mouth  the  largest;  4 
scales  before  dorsal  in  a  median  line;  about  5  scales  in  the  row  on  cheek; 
scales  of  lateral  lino  with  tubes  much  branched ;  pectoral  reaching  slightly 
])ast  the  tips  of  the  ventrals;  caudal  truncate  or  slightlj'  rounded,  the 
angles  not  acute,  liody  and  fins  mottled,  but  much  less  so  than  in  the 
preceding;  reddish  brown;  axil  with  little  or  no  blue,  but  with  a  dusky 
blotch  partly  hidden  by  the  fin;  a  distinct  narrow  streak  of  blue  down- 
ward and  forward  fron>  eye;  <-audal  nearly  plain,  dusky  olive;  anal  mot- 
tled; 1  or  2  more  or  less  distinct  whitish  bars  across  «'hiu.  West  Indies, 
south  to  Brazil,  not  rare,  but  ofttMi  confounded  with  other  species.  Here 
described  from  3  specimens  taken  by  the  Albatross  at  Bahia,  the  original 
locality  of  S.  radians.  Th»'se  agree  so  well  with  S.  lucrmosiim  of  Poey 
that  we  regard  the  latter  species  as  identical. 

A  spec. men  sent  by  Poey  to  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  shows 
the  following  characters:  C«dor  in  spirits,  mottled  brown,  the  caudal  sim- 
ilarly mottled  and  faintly  barred;  no  dark  axillary  spot;  head  plain; 


*'niW"V»Vi"W»i 


m^w^^'mi^mwfim 


W'l 


1032  Bulletin  /7,  Ihiilcd  Stixtcs  National  Museum, 


dorsal  iiiottltMl.  Cundiil  abort,  ti'unciit««;  tiiboH  of  Intiiil  linn  liitli- 
hraii'liod;  Itody  ratln'r  <Oonfj;itte,  tlio  d*<))th  3^  in  Irnj^tli;  iM-rtoral  nIioi t; 
2  HtroiiK  ])OHtorior  raiiiiinH,  l)el«>n<  which  aro  Mitvcral  Hiiialh^r  pointitl 
tt^oth.  Another  Hp«'ciin«-ii  has  \  poiiitt'd  t«^oth  on  (Muh  Hid**  of  n])pei-  Jnw . 
Thi'Ho  proltald.v  belong  to  tSparhoma  railtuiiH.     (nidiaiiit,  rudiatint;.) 

Sen nii  rmlinnH,  CvviKH  A.  ValkncIICNNrm,  IIIhI.  Niil.  PoUh.,  XIV, 'Jon,  IHIII),  Brazil ;  Oi.'iciir 

MIT,  Sciirldp^t.  17,  IH*)r>:  iiottmii  ty|)flH. 
Sparinamii  ritilianti,  .Iukdan,  Urvlnw  Liilirold  FIhIioh,  077,  IMOO. 
Scant*  laenmo$tn,*  I'usv,  Mi^iiioriiiN,  ii,  4U.!,  IHOI,  Havana;  I'uRV,  Synopaiii.  :i4:i,  IHtM. 

2042.  HiMBISONA  IIOPI.ONYKTAX  (Cope). 

Hoad  3\  (3v',r  with  caudal);  depth  21  (34);  oye  modorate,  4A  in  hcnd: 
HHout  rather  obtuse,  3.  1).  IX,  10;  A.  11,0;  scalt-s  2.^-21-6.  Bo<ly  obloii;;: 
a  Singh'  Htout  canin*^  dirrctt-d  ontward  and  usually  slightly  backward  on 
each  HJdr  of  upper  jaw,  in  front  of  angle  of  month;  a  second  canine  oftin 
)>reBent  in  front  of  thin;  a  HUiall  canine  directed  downward  on  each  side  oi 
front  of  npper  Jaw  above  the  entting  edge  and  close  to  the  median  sntnre ; 
upper  lip  eovering  most  of  tlie  npjjer  .jaw.  Cheek  with  1  row  of  large 
Bea1<*8;  pores  of  bittTal  lino  each  with  4  to  G  branches,  which  cover  nearly 
the  whole  of  the  scale;  4  scales  on  median  line  before  dorsal  Peetoral 
broad  and  fan-shaped  behind,  not  reaching  greatly  past  ventral;  eandal 
slightly  convex  when  spread  o|)en,  the  outer  rays  scarcely  as  long  as  the 
median  ones,  lA  in  head.  Lower  pharyngeal  nearly  twice  as  broad  aw  long, 
its  np]>(T  surface  almo.st  tiat,  less  concave  than  in  related  species.  Color 
in  life,  upper  half  of  body  olive  green,  the  color  very  much  mottled  and 
Hpeckle<l,  nuirbled  with  whitish  and  streaked  with  green;  lower  p.-irts 
tieshy  red,  e(|inilly  and  similarly  mottled;  top  and  front  of  h*>ad  most 
extensively  mottled;  sides  of  head  similarly  mottled;  lower  Jaws  usually 
more  or  less  brown,  with  2  whitish  biuuls,  the  anterior  continuous,  the 
posterior  of  4  separate  whitish  blotches;  edge  of  opercle  bright  greenish 
blue;  axil  extensively  deep  bliu*,  with  some  reddish  s])ots;  a  deep-blue 
blotch  on  base  of  pectoral;  dorsal  colored  like  the  back;  caudal  greenish 
at  base,  with  a  pale-yellowish  band  and  some  small  whitish  dots,  its  edg«« 
blackish,  the  fin  elsewhere  translucent;  anal  dull  gray  with  orange, 
mottled  with  brown;  ventrals  pale  flesh  color;  the  yellow  and  orange  of 
fins  and  red  of  belly  become  grayish  in  spirits;  the  blue  of  the  axil 
becomes  dark  green  in  spirits,  but  does  not  disappear.  Length  of  type  5* 
inches.  West  Indies,  from  Key  West  to  Uahia,  generally  common.  Hero 
described  from  the  type  of  Sj)ari8oma  cyanolene  from  Key  West.  This 
little  fish  is  very  abundant  about  Key  AVest,  whore  many  specimens  were 
taken  with  the  seine  in  the  kelp.  None  of  thes<>  was  more  than  (J  inches 
in  length,  and  as  they  were  sexually  mature  at  that  si/e  it  is  not  likely 
that  they  grow  much  larger.  The  prevalence  of  blue  around  the  base  of 
the  pectoral  is  a  striking  color  mark  which  does  not  soon  disappear  in 
alcvohol.     Specin,    .s  were  also  obtained  by  the  J/6a//-o««  at  St.  Lucia  and 

*SparUoma  Incnnintum,  according  to  Pooy,  is  notable  rliietiy  for  the  4  postorlor  canines, 
tlio  last  turned  backward.  Caiidiil  truncate.  Color  rose,  a  blue  baud  irom  orbit  to  coni- 
missure,  fading  in  spirits;  tins  brown  rose,  faintly  marbled;  ]>ectoral  plain,  with  no  axillary 
spot;  scales  of  lateral  line  with  1  tube,  from  which  spring  4  much  ramitled  branches. 


# 

-:(,! 


Jordan  and  livcrmann, — lushes  of  North  America.      1033 


of 
xil 

his 
cere 


;it  Ituliiu,  iiikI  by  Dr.  lieiiti  at  Co/iimol.     {onXuy,  woapoii;  /ii'dra^,  iippur 
Jaw.) 

I.ahrui  radiant,  CASTF.r,NAr,  Anim.  Nonv.,  etr..  Ani/Tiqiio  dii  Sud,  20,  IRiri:  not  Searut 

ntilittli*,  C'rVIKU  \.  VaI,IC.N(  IKNNKH. 
SfarilM  railiiniM,  (irNTIIRII,  (.'Ut.,  IV,  211;  .ToIIDAN  iV   (ill.llKKT,  HvnopHiM,  UUfl.    lH8:i;   not  of 

CrviKH  A.  Vai.knciknnkm. 
>,itni»  hoploiiniildjr,  Coi'K,  Tmnn.  Am.  I'liilo.  Soc.  IHHO,  46'.>,  St.  Martin*.    (Coll.  Dr..!. 

Vim  KIJuiTHiiin.) 
Siiaritiiiiia  <-j/aui<l,it,;  .loiiPAN  &  .SWAiN,  Vrw.  V.  H.  Nut.  Mim.  1HH4,  OH,  Key  Weit  (Coll. 

Joriliin  A  Dyi);  Kkan,  Hull.  V.  S.  FUli  Connn.  1X8K,  \W. 
SiiatlMoma  hojilutnyiitax,  .JoRiiA.v,  Ucviow  Lubroid  KisliuH.  077,  |il.  10,  IHIM). 

204».  NIMItlHONA  MPIIOilLKS,  .rordiin  vV  Itollnian. 

Head  3!j  (4  with  caudal);  depth  3J  (H);  o.vo  inoderiite,  4.1  in  head; 
snout  obtuse,  2*.  I).  IX,  10;  A.  11;  BcaleH  12-24-0.  Body  oblong.  A 
Hiiuill  cauino  directed  downward  on  each  sidt«  in  front  of  up]>er  Jaw  iibove 
cutting;  ed^e  and  close  to  the  luodiun  suture;  another  single  stout  canine 
ilirected  outward  and  Ituckwiird  on  each  side  of  the  upper  Jaw  in  front 
i)t'  angle  of  mouth;  upper  lip  covering  most  of  upper  jaw;  cheeks  with 
I  row  of  r>  largo  scales;  tubes  of  lateral  line  each  with  3  to  5  branches, 
usually  3;  4  scales  on  median  line  before  dorsal.  Caudal  truncate,  the 
outer  rays  not  produced,  1;^  in  head.  Color  in  spirits,  brownish  olive,  the 
color  HO  nu)ttled  and  speckled  with  whitish  as  almost  to  hide  the  groun«l 
I'olor;  head  much  speckled  with  bluish  and  bla<-k;  dark  spots  smaller 
iiiid  mor«>  detinod  on  top  of  head;  brownish  regi<Mis  most  prominent 
iiround  eyes  and  l«>wer  i)urt  of  cheeks;  chin  crossed  by  a  silvery  band, 
behind  which  is  a  brownish  baud,  and  then  a  row  of  six  silvery  spots,  of 
which  the  lowermost  are  largest;  an  ill-delined  whitish  band  from  lower 
margin  of  eye  across  opercle  connecting  with  one  above  base  of  po(;torals; 
Htales  o(i  body  marked  like  those  on  head;  jaws  pale;  black  spots  more 
prominent  above  lateral  line,  the  white  below  pectorals;  above  D  bluish- 
white  stripes  fidlowing  rows  of  scales,  the  one  above  lateral  line  most 
prominent,  the  one  under  lateral  line  not  distinct;  between  the  bund 
above  lateral  line  and  the  one  above  base  of  pctorals  are  5  slightly 
oblique  dusky  blotches,  of  which  the  third  (from  the  head)  is  least  distimtt; 
the  last  4  extend  on  dorsal  fin ;  region  around  caudal  fin  brownish,  the 
Hpots  less  distinct;  a  small  black  humeral  spot;  2  scales  in  front  of  dorsal 
dark;  uxil  rather  dark;  dorsal  with  4  distinct  darker  mottled  areas,  the 
lirst  between  fifth  and  seventh  spines,  the  second  between  last  spine 
and  third  ray,  the  third  at  base  of  lifth  and  sixth  raj's,  and  the  last  at 
eighth  and  ninth  rays;  upper  part  of  soft  dorsal  with  2  or  3  rows  of 
brownish  spots ;  caudal  brownish  with  4  or  5  narrow,  wavy,  white  vertical 
liars,  of  which  the  last  2  are  most  prominent;  anal  with  3  darker  areas, 
its  markings  similar  to  those  on  dorsal ;  pectoral  yellowish,  spotted  at 
l>ase  and  near  tips  of  rays;  ventrals  faintly  brownish  and  indistinctly 
spotted  with  white.  Known  from  a  single  specimen  5A^  inches  in  length, 
taken  by  Dr.  Charles  L.  Edwards  at  Green  Turtle  Cay,  in  the  Bahamas. 
{vi^aifiXr}^,  snowed  upon,  from  the  white  spots.) 

HparUoma  niphobles,  Jordan  A-  Bollman,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1888,  551,  Green  Turtle 
Cay,  Bahamas  (Coll.  C.  L.  Edwards) ;  Jordan,  Keview  Lubroid  Fishes,  677,  1800. 


t  V 


u  '. 


it'.* 


m 


t\ 


I? 


li 


IP- 


HKJ4  nulh'lin  77,   f^nittd  Stales  National  Museum, 


«044.  NI'AKINONA  AIHOVROATUM  (Ciivirr  .V  VulKni'lonnM), 

Head  S|  (I  with  caiidal);  dopth  'Jf  di).  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  0;  Hnd. 
2i-24-<i.  Hody  idliptiriil-oldoii^;  <\vu  rathttr  liuf^o,  iji  In  head;  Hiioiit  ini 
hliiiit,  H  ill  lioiid;  fliuok  with  u  HiiiKl**  row  of  I  or  o  lur^n  Hniilot;  I  nrali  •< 
on  iiiudiiiii  line  iM-t'oro  dorMiil;  It  hul'oro  vi'iitritiH;  puroH  of  hiterul  lint«  mm  h 
Itriuudied,  tiovcrinK  niOHt  of  tlio  Hcaltm.  r«tct(tral  rrmliin);  wtdl  paHt  lip- 
of  viMitraJH;  oandal  lin  moderately  Iniiato,  \\w  npptT  l«)l>u  tii««  longur,  1^  in 
htMid,  tJ^  tinx'H  len};tli  of  middht  rayH.  'I'eoth  1«>hh  dintinrt  tliiiii  nHiial  in 
thin  typf,  tint  iMl;r»  of  tho  nppitr  Jaw  m-arly  entire,  tlie  cd^r  of  the  h>W('i 
Jaw  more  uneven.  A  Hinall  ranine  in  front  of  the  an^ltt  of  the  month  nn 
eacli  Hide  (thiH  oitHolite  on  both  Hidtm  of  1  (»f  the  :i  MpeoimonH  t-xamined). 
A  Hmall  ciininc  near  Muturo  of  up|>er  ,jaw  on  both  Hidi^it  iiHiially  preHnii ; 
nppi^r  lip  covering  more  than  ^  of  upper  Jaw.  Color  in  life,  purpii^li 
brown,  becoming  reddish  on  uitlra,  and  llnully  livid  ^rrcniHli  beluw;  hcail 
purpliah-violot  about  eyes;  HideH  of  head  with  a  Htiipe  of  vivid  Hnirirt 
running  from  corner  of  mouth  JuHt  below  and  siiKhtly  pant  eye,  a  Heroml 
Hhort  Htreali  of  tho  same  c(dor  above  tht>  lirut  behind  the  eye;  JawH  pal(^ 
in  color;  a  j^olden-orange  spot  rather  HUialler  than  eye  on  and  below  tlm 
tilth  H«;ale  of  the  lateral  line,  ItH  upper  ])orti(m  black;  doraal  orange,  Hlaty 
at  biiNe  poHteriorly;  oiiudal  scarlet  at  bane,  then  blood  red,  yellow isli 
in  the  ccntor,  whitiHh  behind,  the  projecting  tips  of  both  lobes  black, 
the  whole  tin  faintly  mottled  an<l  barred  with  dusky;  anal  crimson,  its 
edge  light  blue;  ventruls  livid  purplish;  iiectorals  light  yellowish,  bluisli 
in  axil,  dusky  at  base  in  front.  In  spirits  the  orange  and  red  colors  fade 
to  light  yellowish ;  a  more  or  less  distinct  <lark  stripe  on  each  row  of  scales 
below  the  lateral  line,  paler  on  lower  rows;  pale  greenish  about  eyes; 
dusky  on  snout  above;  edge  of  scales  on  body  above,  and  r  sides  moni 
or  less  dusky.  Length  of  example  described  from  Havr  S^  inches. 
West  Indies;  rather  common  at  Havana.   Others  examined  mi  Cuba, 

Sombrero,  St.  Thomas,  and  St.  Lucia.  In  color  it  is  one  of  the  most  strongly 
marked  and  handsomest  species,  {auntm,  gold;  fnvnatus,  bridled;  in 
allusion  to  the  scarlet  band  backward  from  the  mouth,  which  is  vermil- 
ion rather  than  golden,  for  which  reason  I'ooy  has  substituted  the  name 
miniofrenatua.) 

•:>earut  auro/renatua,  CuviEU  Sc  VALKNCtENNBS,  Hist.  Nat.  Poisa.,  xiv,  101,  18;i9,  San 
Domingo  (Coll.  Kiuord) ;  GCnthek,  Cut.,  iv,  212;  Guichenot,  .Scaridos,  Mug.  I'ariw, 
13,  ISOr.;  CoPK,  Trans.  Am.  Philos.  St>c.  1871,  461. 

Seams  minio/renatut,  1'oey,  Jkluiiiorias,  u,  1!79,  DO:),  1860,  Cuba. 

iipantoma  auro/renntum,  >roRDAN  &  .SWAiN,  l*ro«!.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1884,  96;  Jordan. 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1880,  47;  Jordan,  liuview  Labroid  FiHhos,  676,  189U. 

2045.  SPARISOMA  OXYItKACIIirM  (Poey). 

Head  nearly  4;  depth  3.^;  eye  4^  in  head,  If  in  snout,  1  in  distance  to 
mouth.  A  small  posterior  canine  on  the  right  side;  lower  Jaw  roughest; 
line  of  belly  less  curved  than  in  S.  distinctum;  scales  of  lateral  line  with 
3  branches.  Caudal  truncate;  pectoral  sharp-pointed  and  very  long,  5  in 
total  (6  in  S.  distinotum).  Color  brownish,  without  longitudinal  streaks, 
base  of  scales  darker;  lower  parts  yellowish,  rc-ddish  in  life;  fins  yellow- 


m 


Jordan  and  Evfrmann. — Fishes  of  Worth  America.      UWW 

isli  or  rnddiMli,  not  Hpottod;  iin  *liii-l<  nxillitry  Hpot;  ptn'tornl  with  wliito 
poiiita  nt  buHe.  l.iMi^tli  1.'10  inin.  Ciiha.  (I'ooy);  proWuhly  not  tlJHtiiict 
ii'oiii  S\mr\Mma  ahildiiaaiili,     (oii'i,  nbiirp;  (iintxi<^^y,  arm.) 

•imnt»  oxuhraehiiit,  Tokv,  Syiioimlii,  :I4'.MH(W,  Havana. 

£04(1.  Mi'AmMOMi  AIIII.IMiAAItIM  (III<m^Ii). 

(UKII    I'ARHoT flHIl;    UoHK  MACK    I'AHHOT.) 

Hond  3Ji  {'.\l  witli  raiuliil);  di^ptli  22  (IM).  I>.  I\,  10;  A.  II,  {>;  himiIoh 
'2\-'M-H.  Itoily  riithor  iliM>p;  u  hmiiiII,  liliintiHh  cuiiiiio  oii  curli  tthlo  of 
iippi"  ,|uw  ill  t'ruiit  of  an^l*'  of  iiioiiMi;  tippor  lip  cnv<*rln){  iiioHt  of  iipp«r 
Jiiw.  IIoimI  nitluu'  Hlioi't ;  «yi)  ratlirr  \tUK*%  H  in  head;  Hiioiit  ruthur 
.iciite,  2};  *'h(«ikH  with  a  Nitigh^  row  of  hir^e  HtiilttH;  each  poro  of  hitnriil 
lino  with  Ti  to  8  l>ran<'h('H  covering  nioHt  of  thu  Huale;  4  Hiah^H  on  iiuidian 
lini<  lioforo  doi'Nal.  Pci'toraU  rathur  lont^tM-  and  Hhiirprr  than  in  ndat«d 
HpfcieH,  not  rt-achiii);  far  past  tipH  of  vvntralH;  oandul  Iin  liiiiiit<-;  tii«) 
tiiiddle  a  little  convnx  whon  Hpiinid  optMi,  the  oiitor  rayH  HJightly  pro- 
liuctMl,  the  upper  rays  1 A  in  huad  in  tliu  largOHt  Hpeoiini-iiH  exaniinod.  (,'olor 
in  spiritH,  ainioHt  |dain  diirlw  brown,  Hoimnviiat  inottlud  with  paler;  a  few 
ijiii'k  dotH  on  opercle,  the  edge  of  the  operole  being  more  or  Iuhh  bbukiith; 
pale  gray  beluw,  from  tip  of  .uwer  Jaw  tu  cautlal;  teeth  ]iale,  tinged  with 
I  eddiHb ;  JawH  pal<> ;  all  the  tins  pale,  the  doiHal  narrowly  edged  with  dusky, 
the  fhi  Home  what  mottled  with  darker;  axil  of  peetoral  pale,  the  base  duHky 
;iliove.  In  life,  the  dorsal,  eanilal,  lower  tins,  and  belly  are  bright  cherry 
red;  lent  of  body  brown,  tinged  with  red;  pale  dotn  and  mottlingH  on 
sideH  of  head  and  on  body.  West  'idicH  south  to  Iha/il;  generally  coiii- 
inun.  Here  described  from  Havina  spei^imeiiH,  8  ineheH  long.  (Named 
liir  Abildgaai'd,  profesBor  in  the  University  of  Co])enhagen,  author  of 
(leseriptionH  of  worms.) 

Vieja,  Pahba.  Dcncr.  Dif.  IMozaB  Flist.  Nat.,  ns,  pi.  '.'M,  tli;.  2, 1787,  Cuba. 

Seama  abildgaardi,  liLocii,  IiOithyol.,  pi.  2.')0,  17U1,  America;   t'niiii  n  Hpeeinicii  Hent  by 

I'rot'.  Aliildgauril. 
Scaru$  eoeeineut,  Bi.ocu  &  Sciinp.idek,  Syst.  Tchthyol,,  280, 1801,  Cuba;  iit'tiT  Pakka. 
Scarus  aureoruber,  LA(;i^:i'|'':db,  Uiitt.  Nat.  PoIsh.,  iv,  r>5, 103, 18u:i,  Martinique;  un  ii  ilrawing 

by  Plumibr. 
Saarut  ainplu»,  IIanzani,  Nov.  Gomm.  Ac.  Sclent.  luMt.  Bonon.,  324,  taf.  S,  pi.  25,  1842, 

Brazil  (/id«  Ouichknot;  not  neeii  by  us.) 
Smru*  erythrinoidei,  (inciiENOT,  Scurides,  Mub.  Paris,  10, 1865,  San  Domingo. 
Seartii  oxybraehius,  Poey,  SynopsiH,  342, 1808,  Cuba, 
Si  a  I- II*  abildgaardi,  C't'ViEH  &,  Valenoienneh,  llist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xiv,  17r»,  1839:  OI^nther, 

Cat.,  IV,  209;  (rUiCHENOT,  Scarides,   Miis.  Paris,  10;    I'dEV,  Eiiuni«ratii>,  HI;  Coi-K, 

TriiiiB.  Am.  Pliilos.  Soc.  1871, 402. 
Sparisoma  abildgaardi,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hist.  (Jlnss.  Fislies,  etc.,  ii,  227,  18:t»;  .Iordan  & 

Swain,  Prite.  U.S. Nat. Mils.  1884,97;  .Jordan,  Proc.  U.S. Nat.  iMus.  1880,  47j  Jordan, 

Koviow  Labroid  Fishes,  070, 1800. 

2047.  SPARISOMA  DlSTIXt'TIIM  (Pooy). 

Depth  3^  in  length ;  eye  6  in  head,  2  in  siiont ;  snout  sharp ;  body  deep, 
nsnally  a  small  posterioi*  eanin«^,  this,  however,  often  absent;  scales  of  lat- 
eral line  with  a  central  tnbc,  which  bifurcates  and  which  has  a  very  short 


i   1 


I  t 


it'. 


jliiil-- 


II  'f  ^f 


1630         Bullciin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

Rimple  branch  at  base  (ii.  character  which  sopuratoB  tho  specicB  from  s. 
frondosura).  Sides  with  S  rather  faint  darlc  streaks,  alternating  with  :; 
pale  ones;  back  greenish,  sides  brown;  belly  rosy;  first  dark  strenk 
between  lat«'ral  lino  and  back;  second  broad*  from  opercle  backwiird. 
third  narrow  on  .sides  of  belb  ;  a  black  axillary  spot  above;  red  spots 
bolow  lower  Jaw;  pectoral  ye'Iowish;  other  fins  reddish,  with  points  and 
shutles  of  carniino;  a  pale  8pace  on  candal  pednncle  behind  dorsal. 
Cnlta  and  Jamaica,  sonth  to  Bahia;  not  rare.  (Pony.)  A  specimen  fiom 
Bahia  is  thns  describ«>d:  Depth  3;  candal  fin  Innate,  th«;  angles  short  but 
sharp  (ronnded  in  the  very  ycnng);  dentition  of  Sparisoma  ftavcscens; 
cheek  with  3  scab's.  Mottled  olive  brown ;  body  with  3  or  4  piP.e  long! 
tudinal  streaks,  tho  npper  running  to  a  faint  pale  blotch  on  back  of  tail 
between  2  dark-brown  blotches;  caudal  distinctly  pale-edged  behind  and 
more  distinctly  barred  than  in  S.  Jtarexcena,  the  margin  abruptly  whitisli ; 
spot  at  base  of  pectoral  brownish  and  very  faint;  about  4  small  dusky 
blotches  along  base  of  dorsal,  the  last  one  most  distinct  at  base  of  last  ray ; 
caudal  with  many  cross  bars  and  blotches;  snout  dusky;  chin  with  1  or  L' 
whitish  cross  bars;  caudal  concave,  with  sharp  angles;  dorsal  and  anal 
mottled  with  brown ;  p(!ctorals  and  ventrals  plain ;  young  with  dark  oper 
cular  blotch  and  dark  points  about  eye.  {diatinctii8,  distinct,  from  tlie 
dark  streaks.) 

Scarut  diitineUit,  Poky,  MemoriaH,  n, 423, 1861,  Havana;  Poev,  IJeperforio,  n,  163;  Pokv, 

SyiiopHis,  341;  PoEV,  Knum.,  114. 
SpariKoma  distinctum,  JonDAN,  Review Lal)roi<l  Fisi.io,  076;  JounAN  &.  Rutteu,  Pror.  Av.. 

Nat.  Sci.Philii.  1897, 119. 
Scnrui  /rondosui,  GCntukb,  Cat.,  iv,  210;  not  of  C'fviER. 

2048.  SPARISOMA  CKRYSOPTEBDM  (Blod.  .t  Schneider). 
(Blue  Parrot-fish  ;  Vikja.) 

Head  3i  (4i  with  camlal);  depth  2|  (3*).  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales 
2^-24-6.  Body  oblong ;  a  strong  canine  directed  outward  and  backward 
toward  angle  of  mouth  in  upper  jaw ;  besides  this  about  3  smaller  canines 
toward  front  of  jit w,  chiefly  turned  forward;  upper  lip  covering  about 
I  of  upper  jaw.  Eye  5J  in  head;  snout  not  obtuse,  2|;  cheek  with  a 
single  row  of  3  or  4  large  scales;  each  pore  of  lateral  line  ramose,  many 
times  forked,  and  covering  most  of  the  scale,  the  pores  nioro  branched  than 
in  any  other  of  our  species ;  4  scales  ci  median  line  before  dorsal.  Caudal 
deeply  luiiiite,  the  outer  rays  much  \»roduced,  upper  lobe  the  buiger,  twice 
as  long  as  inner  rays,  as  long  as  head.  Color  in  life,  bright  blue,  almost 
everywhere  tiug«>d  with  green;  head  and  portion  behind  pectorals 
brighter;  an  ill-defined  pale  band  on  lower  part  of  side;  dorsal  and  anal 


■  One  of  Pooy's  types  of  Seams  distinctus  is  in  the  National  Museum.  It  aj^eps  very 
closely  witli  Sparixoma  ruhripinne,  diti'ering  cbietiy  in  tho  presence  of  a  posterior  caniuV 
and  in  the  ujoro  sharply  «lelined  coloration.  Speciniena  from  Jamaica  show  the  followi'-- 
characterc:  Sides  olivaceous,  mottled  with  darlter,  an  indistinct  dark  band  from  abovt^ 
pectoral  to  caudal;  vertical  tins  mottled  with  bright  red,  especially  posteriorly,  the  caudal 
being  entirely  red  in  some  specimens;  a  wliite  cross  blotch  on  tail  beliind  dorsal;  the 
scales  below 'more  or  less  distinctly  pale  edged;  pectorals  tinged  witli  yellowish  olive; 
ventrals  white ;  some  specimens  with  the  belly  an('  ventral  tins  almost  entirely  red,  the 
outer  rays  only  being  wliite,  others  with  but  little  red  anywbero. 


BSl'J   »• 


f'f 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1037 


and  middle  of  caudal  brick  red;  cdgo  of  caudal  liluo;  veutralH  Itlnish 
i^rcen;  pectorals  greenish  yellow,  their  l)aHo  red  around  ii  larjje  bla<k 
Hpot;  te»'th  bluish;  jaws  pale.  In  spirits  the  blue  is  more  or  less  faded, 
Icavinff  the  iiah  chietly  green,  darker  on  head ;  the  red  and  yellow  of  tins 
lioconie  pale  grayish.  According  to  I'oey,  there  is  usually  a  dark  blue 
horizontal  stripe  along  sides  behind  pectoral  fin.  Length  of  example 
described  (from  Havana)  \\\  inches.  West  Indl(i».  not  ran-;  recorded  from 
('uba,  8t.  Thomas,  Jamaica,  Martinique,  Guadeloupe,  San  Domingo,  St. 
Cioix,  St.  Kitts,  and  Bahia.     (^^judo?,  golden;  itrfijoy,  wing  or  tin.) 

Vieja,  Paiiua,  Dcpcr.  Dif.  Piozns  Ilist.  Nnt.  1787,  08,  pi.  28,  ilg.  4,  Cuba. 

Seams  chryioptenis,  Huxii  it  Scuneujku,  SyHt.  Iclitli.,  2HC,  pi.  57,1801,  American  seas; 

liguri!  apparently  IVom  a  dried  Hkiu;  (.'uvikii  &  Vai.enciennks,  Hist.  Nut.  I'oiHs.,  xiv, 

185, 18.'!0;  GCnthek,  C'ai.,iv,  12. 1862;  Guichenot,  Scurides,  Mus.  Paris,  12, 1865;  CiU'E, 

TranH.  Am.  Pliilos.  Sue.  1871,  4(i2. 
Scarus chluris,  Bloch  &  Sch.nkideb,  Syat. Iclith.,  289,  1801,  Cuba;  after  Pauua;  (Jooue, 

Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu8.,  v,  ;i4, 1876. 
Scanit  lateralis,  1'OEY,  ^lemorias,  u,  219, 1860,  Cuba  ;  Poey,  Synopsis,  ;I37, 1808. 
! !  Scarw  ^pinidcns,*  Guichenot,  Scarides,  15, 1865,  Bahia.     ((Joll.  I'uiv.  do  Gcnevo.) 
Spunnoma  chi-ysoplcruvi,  Jom>\:i  &  Swain,  Proc.  T.  .S.  Nnt.  Mus.  1884,94;  Johuan,  Proc. 

U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1880, 47 ;  JoiiUA.v,  Review  Labroid  Fishes,  674, 1890. 


2040.  SPARISOMA  LOKITO,  Jordan  &  Swain. 

Head  3H1  """ith  caudal);  depth  2i;  (31);  eye  rather  large,  4ij  in  head; 
snout  rather  acute,  2|.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales  2^-21-6.  Body  oblong, 
moderately  deep ;  1  or  2  small  canines  on  each  side,  dirc^cted  outward  and 
backward,  in  front  of  the  angle  of  the  mouth,  1  on  each  side,  2  on  the 
other,  111  the  typical  specimen;  upper  lip  covering  more  than  |  of  upper 
Jaw;  cheeks  with  a  single  row  of  large  scales;  pores  of  lateral  line  less 
branched  than  usual  in  this  genus,  not  covering  nearly  the  whole  surface 
of  the  scale,  those  on  the  caudal  peduncle  most  branched,  those  on  the 
anterior  region  mostly  once  or  twice  forked;  4  scales  on  nu'dian  liuis 
before  dorsal.  Caudal  fin  deeply  lunatc!,  the  outer  rays  much  produced, 
the  upper  lobe  slightly  the  longer,  nearly  twice,  as  long  as  inner  rays, 
and  nearly  as  long  as  head.  Ccdor  in  life,  pearly  blue,  the  color  mixed 
with  greenish  and  gray;  jaws  pale;  teeth  pale;  dorsal  reddish,  tinged 
with  gray;  lobes  v»f  caudal  greenish  gray,  washe^l  with  lirown,  center 
of  tin  reddish,  posterior  margin  grayish;  anal  rather  dull  scarlet  mixed 
with  gray;  ventrals  pinkish;  pectorals  light  yellowish  olive,  a  dark 
hlotch  at  base  above.  C»dor  in  spirits,  brownish  olive  on  dorsal  region, 
grayish  olive  ir.ixed  with  crimson  on   sides,  and   light   green  below; 


*Scarug  spinidens  is  thus  described  by  Guictlienot: 

"  ISody  obloiij;;.  the  snout  slijtlitly  convex;  \ipi)cr  Jaw  rough  with  salient,  conic  points 
in  2  or  it  irn^gular  rows;  lower  .jaw  with  stronger  cronnlations  and  marked  by  tooth  in 
i|uincunx ;  Bcales  of  lat"ral  line  each  with  a  pore  having  a  short  stem  and  sending  branches 
over  the  whale  scale.  Caudal  lunate,  its  .ingles  much  produced,  as  long  .is  the  tin  itse'if. 
Color  silvery  red,  paler  below,  e.ach  scale  with  a  brown  spot.  Head  red,  varied  with  i)ale 
yellow;  dorsal  reddish;  anal  and  vcntrals  yellow,  the  former  edged  with  violet  Caudal 
red  medially,  the  upper  and  lower  edges  and  the  interval  between  them  violet;  a  large 
black  spot  "at  base  of  pectorals,  which  are  violet,  edged  with  yellow.  Length  of  solo 
specimen  (from  Bahia)  421)  nun.,  to  middle  rays  of  caiulal." 

This  spociea  is  evidently  close  to  iSparmoma  chrytopteruin,  but  the  colors  are  not  the 
same. 


i  i 


Ui  k 


fTj  '^ 


1038         nnllciin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


head  greenish;  purplisli  on  cheeks,  lijjht  green  below;  lips  green;  dorsiil 
and  anal  orange,  the  rays  grayish  dusky ;  caudal  pale  orange,  tho  outer 
rays  greenish,  the  posterior  margin  of  I'm  dusky;  vontrals  llesh  color, 
tinged  with  pinkish;  pectorals  orange  olive,  the  base  ofupper  rays  with  ;i 
dark  spot,  its  axil  pale.  West  Indies.  Here  described  from  the  tyj)©,  an 
adult  Bpe<'inieu  10  inches  in  length,  taken  at  Havana.  Other  specimens  are 
in  the  nmseuni  at  Cambridge  from  St.  Thomas,  Sombrero,  liarliados,  and 
.leremio,  Hayti,  and  in  Stanford  University  from  Jamaica.  Although  it 
is  evidently  not  a  rare  8i)e(;ies,  wo  are  unable  to  identify  it  Avith  any  of 
those  described  by  Poey,  or  by  Cuvier  »fc  Yaleucienncs.  (lorito,  Spanisli 
•liminutivo  of  loro,  parrot.) 

Sparigoma  lorito,  Joi  jan  &  SwAiN,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1884,  95,  Havana  (Coll.  D.  S. 
Jordan);  Joki>.\n,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1886,  il;  Joudan,  Roviow  Ijubroid  Fi.sluH, 
674,  1890 ;  JonDAN  &  KuTTKB,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Tliila.  1897, 120. 

!!OriO.  SI'.VItlSOMA   VIRIIJK  (Honnatorro). 

(Dark  Ciiken  I'ahrot-pish.) 

Caudal  fin  in  adult  deeply  forked,  tho  upper  lobe  about  as  long  as  tho 
head,  and  twice  or  more  tho  length  of  tho  inner  rays,  variegated;  canines 
1  or  2  on  each  side;  upper  and  lower  caudal  lobes  greenish.  Deep 
blue,  scales  edged  with  brownish,  which  above  makes  1  or  2  contin- 
uous streaks;  top  of  head  light  grayish  brown,  a  similar  band  from  eye  to 
above  gill  opening,  another  paler  stripe  from  opercle  to  corner  of  mouth 
and  edges  of  both  lips;  edge  of  opercle  below  pale  grayish,  changing  to 
bright  orange  above,  a  dt>cp-yellow  spot  at  tip  of  opercle;  no  inky-black 
spot  on  opercle ;  lips  deep  blue  e.vcept  for  the  gray  edging ;  head  below 
livid  olive;  dorsal  light  yellowish,  tips  of  spines  and  rays  normally  blue, 
base  of  soft  part  blue;  anal  bluish  gray,  with  deep.-blue  baud  at  base  and 
edge;  pe<'toral  blue  gray,  edged  with  bright  blue  above,  tips  broadly 
orange;  caudal  blue  green,  with  a  lunate  yellow  baud,  behiitd  this  a  deep- 
blue  band,  tips  of  rays  pale,  outer  raya  deep  blue,  a  faint  band  of  golden 
gray  at  base;  ventrals  yellowish,  blue  anteriorly.  West  Indies;  generally 
common ;  one  of  tho  largest  and  most  strongly  marked  of  the  parrot-fishea ; 
the  specimens  here  described  from  Jamaica,  Sombrero  Key  and  St.  Thomas. 
(viridis,  green.) 

IHscis  viridis  bahamensin  (the  rarrot-fisli).  Catkshv,  Nut.  Hist.  Ciir.,  ii,  29,  pi.  29,  17118, 

Bahamas. 
Searuft  viridin,  Bonnateri'.e,  Eiic.  M6th.,x,  9fi,  193,  1788,  Bahamas,  aCtor  CateshV;  not 

Smrnx  viridin,  BloCH,  1790. 
Callyodon psittacHS,  (^.KONOW,  Ed. Gray, 84,  1854;  not  of  Linn^fas. 
ScaruK  melanotiu,  Bleekeb,  Noticoa  Iclithyologique-s,  l-x,  4,  1802,  St.  Croix. 
.Scarus  cateshij,  Lacki'i'.de,  Hist.  Nat.  Poish.,  iv,  10, 1803;  after  Catesbv. 
Scams  catvibmi,  Cuviek  &  Valkn'ciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xiv,  183,1839;  Poey, Koper 

torio,  1, 372, 1807 ;  Gl'Ichenot,  Scarides,  ll,  1805 ;  GUntheb,  Cat ,  iv,  210, 1862. 
fiparisoma  cateshyi,  Bkan  &  Dresel,  Proe.  T.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884, 153. 
Spariioma  catesboei,  Jordan,  Proc.  I^.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884, 131. 
Sparisoma  viHde,  Jordan,  Review  Labroid  Fishea,  675, 1890;  Jordan  i  UuttEB,  Proc.  Ac. 

Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.  1897, 120. 


jii®^ 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1039 


Subgenus  EUSCARUS,  Jordiiii  \    Kvcriiianii. 
2051.  NPAItlKOMA  STRKIATUM  (P.iiiithei ). 

IJpiuir  jaw  without  poat'Tior  lateral  cauiiioH.  .Scales  of  tlie  lateral  line, 
those  ou  th«'  iiiipe,  and  a  few  on  the  opercleH,  black  Hhininj;  vioh-t;  dor- 
sal HpineH  Htout,  the  anterior  not  much  lonjirer  than  tlu-  orbit,  (ieneral 
.((lor  olive  (in  spirits);  outer  jiarts  of  the  vt-rtical  tins  violet;  2>oMterior 
part  of  the  axil  blackish  violet,  ((iiiutl  -r.)  Locality  unknown.  Ah  the 
ocnus  SparinoiiKi  in  chielly  coulined  to  American  waters,  we  include  this 
species  iu  the  present  pajier  as  ](robably  American.     {stri<jatun,  striped.) 

Si-anintfriijatiiii,  (H'ntheb,  Cat.,  iv,  21*2, 1«C2,  loiiility  uiiknown. 
Sjiaritoma  strigatum,  .If>unAN,  Jtcviow  Liibroid  FislicH.  (!71, 1800. 

2052.  SIMIUSOMA  FLAVKSJJKNS  (IJlocli  \  Scliiicitl.T). 

(Mil)   PAHUOT;  VIEJA  COI.OHAUA  :    VlK,IA   MlVfEK.) 

Head  IH  (1  with  caudal);  depth  2§  (3.^).  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales 
2A-24-6;  eye  5Hii  I'ead ;  snout  H*.  llody  oblong;  no  canine  teeth ;  upper 
lip  covering  most  of  n]»per, jaw;  eye  rather  small ;  snout  bliiutish;  cheek 
with  a  single  series  of  about .")  huge  scales;  tubes  of  lateral  lino  dividing 
into  about  5  branches,  coverinj;  most  of  the  scale;  1  scales  on  median  line 
Id'fore  dorsal ;  pectoral  fin  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals ;  origin  of  ventral 
spine  under  middle  of  pectoral  base;  caudal  tin  slightly  lunate,  the  upper 
lobe  longer  and  narrower  than  the  lower,  1^^  in  head;  the  jtndongatiou  of 
the  outer  raj's  varies  somewhat  and  is  greatest  in  the  adult;  the  cou<'avity 
(if  the  tin  is  evident  in  specimens  3  inches  long,  but  in  the  very  young  the 
liii  is  truncate  or  oven  slightly  convex.  A  few  specimens  of  (>  to  H  inches 
are  in  the  collection  in  which  the  caudal  fin  appears  fairly  truncate  when 
spread  open,  the  angles  remaining  acute.  In  most  ca-ses,  however,  the  fin 
is  slightly  concave.  Color  of  adult  in  life,  olivaceous,  somewhat  clouded 
with  light  and  dark,  and  usually  Hushed  with  itii.kish,  especially  below,  the 
edges  of  the  scales  more  yellow  olive;  scales  of  belly  and  lower  parts  light 
orange  red  toward  their  ba.ses,  giving  a  decidedly  reddish  cast;  dorsal 
mottled  with  ditterent  shades  of  olive;  caudal  creamy,  mottled  and  br.rred 
with  darker  mange,  the  markings  more  distinct  on  the  outer  edge;  ventrals 
and  anal  rich  cherry  red,  mottled  and  barred  with  brown;  jjectorals  light 
orange  red,  the  color  formed  by  narrow  orange  cross  streaks  on  a  paler 
ground;  alight  band  across  lower  jaw,  Avhich  is  otherwise  brown;  teeth 
white;  a  dusky  or  black  blotch  at  base  of  pectoral ;  sometimes  blackish 
spots  on  the  scales  at  the  base  of  the  soft  dorsal.  In  8j)irits  the  red  of  body 
and  fins  and  yellow  on  scales  become  pale.  Young  individuals  have  small, 
bright,  rosy  spots  on  sides  of  back;  2  faint,  darker,  longitudinal  shades 
along  side.  Length  of  specimen  described  (Key  West)  11  inches.  West 
Indies;  Key  West  to  Rio  .Janeiro,  everywhere  the  commonest  species  of  tho 
genus.  This  species  is  excessively  conmion  at  Key  \Vest,  swarming  every- 
where about  the  isl.md  in  the  eelgrass.  It  rarely  excetuls  a  foot  in  length. 
At  Havana  it  is  apparently  equally  conunou,  tho  numbers  seen  in  the  mar- 
ket exceeding  that  of  all  other  species  combined.  It  is  one  of  the  least 
brightly  colored  of  the  species  of  the  genus.  As  a  food-fish,  this,  like  the 
others,  is  held  in  low  esteein.    The  llcsh.  although  not  unpleasant  in 


Jf" 


p)^flj(!r»T^ 


'^ "TT^ry^.yri fi^i'^'^.^jw|^T«]w(;*v   ' 


'("i 


it' 


i 


IC-IO  linllethi  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


llavui,  ia  soft  and  rather  poor.  In  the  Havana  market  it  is  UHually  cullod 
Vxvja  volorada,  but  tbu  Hpeciea  of  this  group  are  seldoiu  distiuguishud  by 
the  tishermen.  We  have  exainiued  specimens  from  St.  Thomas,  .)<'>r(^iniu, 
llayti,  Port  au  Prince,  Tortngas,  Nassau,  Rio  Janeiro,  Jamaica,  and  St. 
Lucia.  There  is  considt^rable  variation  in  the  amount  of  redness  in  tiii> 
species,  largo  ones  being  usually  more  rosy  than  the  young.  (JlavcKceus, 
yellowish.) 

Vieja,  Pahua,  Dcscr.  PieziiM  Dif.  Hist.  Nat.  1787,  59,  )(1.  L'8,  lis-  4,  Cuba. 

Se%ru»  jlavetcetm,    Hlocii   \  S(HNEn)EK,  S.vst.    Itlitli.,  ;.'1MI,   1801;    after  1'aiiha;  Toki, 

Eiiiiiiit'riitio,  li;t,  1875  (iileiitilication  of  .S'can(»  »(yHrt/ie/i(»  with  Pahiia's  tiyuro) ;  .Juk 

DAN,  Prof.  IJ.  S.  >fiit.  Mils.  1884, 13V. 
Scaritu  s<iiialidus,  Poey,   Memorias,  ii,  218.  1860,  Cuba;  Poky,  SynopsiH,  338;  Jokdan  .>. 

(JiuiEitT,  Synopsis,  9:18,  1883;  (IUntiikh,  Cat.,  iv,  212, 1802. 
Calli/odon  jhvesecnt,  Cuviek  &.  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Xat.  Poms.,  xiv,  288, 1839. 
SparUoma  jlavetcens,  Jordan  &  SwAiN,  Proc.  V.  S.  Xat.  Mus.  1884,  !t2;  .Iobdan,  I'roir.  I'.  ,s 

Nat.  Mus.  1886,47;  Bean,  Bull.  ir.  S.  Fish  (.'omni.  1888,198;  Joudan,  Revieu  Labnijil 

Fislios,  072, 1890 ;  Jordan  &  Kutter,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1897, 119. 

2053.  8PAUIN0MA  UUIIBIPINXK  (Cuviur  &  Valeuciuuues). 

Head  4  in  total  length  with  caudal;  depth  3Jl ;  eye  5J  in  head,  2.^  in 
siu)ut,  2  ill  distance  from  ang1.e  of  mouth;  no  posterior  canine;  lower  jaw 
jnojecting;  pores  on  head;  suborbital  with  venules;  a  fleshy  promineiir 
on  forehead;  scales  of  lateral  line  with  3  or  4  ramifications.  Adult  witli 
the  caiulal  truncate,  not  concave,  the  points  very  slightly  salient.  Oliva- 
ceous; a  yellow  transverse  band  below  mouth;  dorsal  olivaceous,  clouded 
with  dark  points  on  the  soft  rays;  anal  rosy,  clouded;  ventral  rosy,  witli 
red  and  white  points;  pectoral  yellowish,  with  a  ^liH'use  reddish-brown 
spot  at  its  base  above;  caudal  olivaceous,  with  clear  brown  points; 
a  vertical  band  of  clear  yellowish,  separated  from  the  margin  by  an  oranj;*! 
area;  another  specimen  has  the  caudal  orange  olive,  with  irregular  bands, 
the  Bubterminal  bar  not  pronounced.  West  Indies.  This  description  is 
based  upon  the  specimen  which  Poey  took  as  the  type  of  his  Scarutt  irmi- 
catiia,  which  we  ar»i  unable  to  separate  from  this  species.  A  sppcimen 
9  inches  hmg,  from  Jamaica,  in  alcohol,  was  olive,  mottled  with  lighter, 
nearly  white  below;  a  rather  distinct  white  band  below  chin;  dorsal 
mottled;  caudal  stronglj"  marked  with  cross  blotches,  a  pair  of  subter- 
miual  blotches  of  white  which  nearly  meet  in  the  middh>;  other  fins  all 
white,  the  pectoral  dusky  (not  black)  at  base;  no  yellow  blotch  behind 
dorsal.  Margin  of  caudal  concave;  forehead  strongly  convex.  {rubn\ 
red;  pinna,  fin.) 

Seams  rubripmnig,  CDVIER&  Valenciennes,  Hi.st.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xiv,  199, 1839,  San  Domingo 
(Coll.  Ricord) ;  Gi'NTiiER,  Cat.,  iv,  211;  (Utichenot,  Scarides,  13, 18C5. 

Scarus  vireng,  CrviER  &.  Valenciennks,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xiv,  203,  1839,  Porto  Rico 
(Coll.  Ploc),  Martinique  (Coll.  Aciiard). 

Sparigoma  nihnpinne,  Jordan  &.  RirrEn,  I'roc.  \r.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1897, 119. 

Seanig  ehlong,  Ul'iciienoTj*  Scarides,  14,  1805,  typo  of  i^eanm  vireiig;  not  of  JJlocii  a 
Schneider. 


*  Guichenot  jjives  the  followiiiK  account  of  the  types  of  Scams  vireng.  called  by  him 
Scarus  chloris: 

"Body  short,  thick:  upper  ,ja\v  scarcely  denticulate  on  the  edge;  no  posterior  canines; 
lower  , jaw  granulated  and  stronj^ly  crenulate  on  the  edge;  caudal  .squarely  truncate. 
Color  water  green,  tinged  with  brown,  voiitrala  reddish,  as  is  also  the  anal,  where  there 
are  small  brown  spots  forming  faint  bands." 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  Anioica.     16-41 


Si-arut  tnmcntug,  Poey,  Synopsis,  MO,  If'W.  Havana;  I'OKV,  Kniinicnilio,  114, 187.5;  VoKV, 

Fauna,  I'liorto  liiiiuttfia,  :tU8, 1K78. 
Scarun  cireumnotatnt,*  I'okv,  Moiiiorias,  12;!,  1801,  Havana  ;  I'oKV,  Synitimis,  ;U0, 1868. 
.'  ><carvs  emar<iinatHm,\  I'OKY,  Synoimis,  'AW,  1808,  Havana. 

3054.  SPAKINOHA  BK.U'lllAlil':  (roty). 

IIea<l  :H  (I  witli  caudiil);  depth  L'J  (3^.  1).  IX,  10;  A.  II,  «>;  bcjiIcs 
•J  -21-(>.  liody  iModcnitcly  dceit;  no  caiiiuo  tcuth ;  Literal  lino  «^iuliiig 
under  last  ray  «>('  Hoft  dorsal  and  Imginnin;;  j|nr;iin  about  2  Hcalt-H  t'artbur 
t'lirward,  so  that  tho  tw«»  parts  overlap;  «\t3  rather  lar;;c,  l.V  in  head; 
snout  rather  acute,  3;  cheek  with  a  sinj^lo  row  of  about  l  scales;  l  scalcH 
111  lore  dorsal,  3  lieforo  voi'trals;  each  jtoio  of  lateral  lino  with  4  to  7 
l)r;uu;h«'H  which  cover  most  of  the  8<ale;  \  scales  on  median  line  before 
(IdiHal.  TecloralH  reaching  slightly  past  tips  of  vontrals;  caudal  tin  niod- 
ciiitely  lunate,  the  middle  jtart  a  little  convex  when  the  fin  is  spread  open, 
tlio  outer  rays  moderately  prodiiccHl,  the  upper  lobe  1  -^  in  head.  Ccdor  in 
Hpirits,  dark  olive  green  above,  somewhat  mottled;  paler  below;  a  faint 
jjreonish  streak  rumiing  backward  from  angle  of  mouth;  jaws  pale;  no 
(I  istincfc  spots  or  stripes  on  body;  teeth  pale;  dorsal  dusky  gray;  caudal 
iTii'sially  reddish,  somewhat  mottle«l,  its  posterior  border  bluish;  veutials 
;in(l  pectorals  palo,  slightly  greenish;  a  very  distinct  dark  blotch  at  base 
iif  ni»i)cr  rays  of  pectoral;  the  axil  pale.  Cuba.  Hero  described  fnmi  a 
Mingle  specimen  7^^  inches  long.  In  spirits  its  ccdois  are  ([uile  ditf<'rent 
fiom  those  of  S.  Jlaviacena,  though  in  td.her  respects  the  t\s o  boar  miuli 
iviseuiblauce.  (Latin,  hrachiHm;  Greek,  fjfjaxiojy,  the  arm,  from  the 
axillary  spot.) 

S'-iinahrachialis,  ToEY,  Meniorias,  Ti,  345,  1861,  Cuba;  Poey,  SynopHis,  3;t7  (misprinted 

braqiiiaUt} ;  Poey,  I'^iiunicratiu,  113. 
JScarus  hnmerali*,  Poey,  Moinorias,  u,  422,  IKtil,  Havana;  basuil  on  old  drawing';  a  black 

axillary  spot,  sown  with  whito  xioints. 
Sjiiinsomafrondosum,  Joudan  &  Swaix,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884, 1)3 ;  Jouuan,  Proc.  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.  1880,  47  (not  ficarus/rondoniiit,  Citvuck). 
Sparitoma  brachiale,  Joudan,  Koviuw  Labroid  Fishes,  073,  1800. 


y." ' 


hii 


2055.  NPAKISOMA  MASCIIALESPILOS  (Blit  kor). 

Outer  rays  of  caudal  produced  to  about  |  the  length  of  the  head; 
a,  (lark  spot  at  base  of  pectoral.  General  color  dusky  red;  iins  yellowish 
red;  caudal  violaceous;  scales  of  the  back  and  sides  with  many  red  spots. 


'  Scarug  eircuiiniotatus  i»  thus  described: 

'Head  more  than  4  in  total;  depth  3^;  eye  5  in  head,  2  iu  snout,  more  than  1  in  distance 
1(1  angle  of  moutli;  venules  below  and  Dchind  eyo;  prolih*  regular,  without  depression  or 
iiiiiininonco;  no  pores  above  head;  no  posterior  canines;  scales  of  lateral  line  with  4 
tiiiuiches;  caudal  truncate  or  with  slight  points  at  the  au<;lo;  pectoral  short,  6  iu  lenj^th. 
(jiecnish  blue ;  dorsal  and  anal  green,  with  brown  points  on  tlio  sol't  rays  and  on  the  caudal 
ii\i'nil)ranes ;  anal  reddish  with  brown  shades ;  pectorals  and  ventrals  vermilion,  the  latter 
witli  translucent  points;  no  black  spot  in  the  axil ;  some  yellowish  under  the  head." 

f  Sparisoma  fmanjinatnm  is  thus  described : 

"Very  close  to  IS.  circwinuitatm,  dj^'ering  in  having  the  mouth  lower  and  farther  from 
the  eye,  the  hiwk  higher,  the  belly  less  curved,  the  form  therefore  less  elegant;  preopercle 
slijihtly  emargiuate  behind ;  venules  less  marked  ;  front  of  head  with  porous  roughnesses ; 
caKdal" truncate;  pectoral  5.J  in  lenjfth;  no  posterior  canines.  Greenish,  with  some  brown- 
ish scales  intermixed,  the  edge  or  each  scale  brownish;  pectoral  pale,  with  cross  series 
of  white  points.    Length  185  mm."    Cuba.    (Poey). 

3030 26 


^  ■'.? 


H^ 


1642  Bulletin  47,  fhiifed  Stales  National  Museum. 


Surinam.    (Itleeker.)    Not  Hoeu  by  na.     It  ia  perhaps  distinct  from  .S. /»■(«■ 
chtah,  thdiigli  evidently  <iloHely  allied,     {fiadxti^^r;,  armpit;  dnlXo^,  HjK.t.) 

Scaru»  inaMchaleKjnliit,  Blekkrii,  KoticoH  h'htliyolof(iqiieii,  I-X,  5, 1862,  Surinam. 
Uparinowa  ma»chale»pilnt,  Johuan,  RovIow  Labroid  Finlum,  673, 1800. 

2()ftft.  NI'AKISOMA  KRUNOONrX  ((^iiviur). 

Throe  large  scales  on  <^lieek;  dorsal  spines  rather  slender  bnt  pnn^<>iii ; 
candnl  emarginatr;  tnbes  of  each  scale  uf  lateral  line  mnch  raniitit'd  imd 
extending  over  the  whole  scale;  teeth  of  moderate  size,  very  distinct  on 
the  edges  of  the  jaws;  no  posterior  canines. "  Coloration  uniform  dark 
purplish  violet.  (rSilnthor.)  Jamaica  to  Braxil;  evidently  closely  reliitcd 
to  Sparisoma  ruhripinne,  but  distinguished  by  the  branched  pores.  (J'ron- 
doauit,  branched.) 

Searus/romloius  (CvviHH  M.S.)  Aoassiz,  Spix,  Vise.  HraHil.,  08,  1829,  Bahia  (ColLSpK): 
Ci'viKK  \  Vai.enoiennes,  Hist.  X.it.  Voiss.,  xiv,  204, 18;i9;  OuiCHENOT,  Scarides,  iHiiJ, 
15;  JoHDAN,  I'lKC.  U.  .S.  N«t.  MuH.  1880,  542  (iioto  on  type). 

Seariii  amcanija,  (iCntiiku,  Cat.,  iv,200, 1802, Jamaica. 

Sparisoma  aracanga,  Jordan,  Review  Labroid  Fiohcs,  074, 1800. 

649.  SCARUS,  Foiskiil. 

(LoROfS :  PAKUOT-KI8HK8.) 

Oallyodon,  Gkonow,  Mimeiini  Iclitbyol.,  n,  8, 1764  (croiceimiii)  -,  iioiil)iiioiiiiul. 

Seams,  Fokskal,  Descr.  .Vniiual,  etc.,  in  Orient.  Olmerv,,  2.'),  1775  (psittaevs,  etc.) ;  iiui  oC 

Geonow,  1704,  which  (nonbiuomial)  =  Labnts  L. 
Galliodon,  Bi.oc'H  &  Schneider,  Syst,  Ichthyol.,  312, 1801  {lineatus^  croicen»i$) . 
Hemittoma,  SwAiNSoN,  Class'n  Fishes,  etc.,  n,  226,  183!»  (reticulatus  Swainson  —/>(•;)«  lien 

nott)  (=^Searu>i). 
I'ctronason,  Swainson,  Class'n  Fishes,  etc.,  u,  220, 1839  {psitlacus,  etc.)  (  -  Seanii). 
Eryehlhys,  Swainson,  Class'n  Fislies,  etc.,  11,  220, 1839  {croiceiisit,  etc.). 
Ghlorunis,  Swainson,  Class'n  Fishes,  etc.,  II,  227, 1839  (gihhus)  {---Scans). 
Callyodnn,  Gronow,  Systeniu,  Ed.  Gray,  83, 1854  (lineatus,  etc.). 
Scams,  .ToRDAN  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  938, 1883  (psittacut). 
Galliodon,  Jordan,  Proc.  TT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1880, 591  {eroicensis). 

Lower  i)haryngeiil8  spoon-shaped,  ovate-oblong,  trausversely  concave; 
teeth  in  each  Jaw  fully  coalescent,  appearing  as  tessellations  on  the  sur- 
face; jaws  with  distinct  median  suture;  the  edges  of  jaw  even,  the  teeth 
whitish  or  rosy  in  color,  never  green.  Upper  pharyngeals  each  with  2 
rows  of  teeth;  gill  membranes  scarcely  united  to  the  narrow  isthmus, 
across  which  they  form  a  broad  fold;  dorsal  spines  flexible,  scarcely  dif- 
ferent from  the  soft  rays;  upper  lip  laterally  double,  the  interior  l'(il<l 
becoming  very  narrow  or  obsolete  mesially;  lower  jaw  included  it  tiio 
closed  mouth;  later.1l  line  interrupted  posteriorly,  commencing  agaiu  on 
the  next  series  of  scales  below;  tubes  of  lateral  lino  scarcely  branched; 
scales  on  cheek  in  2  to  4  rows;  scales  in  front  of  dorsal  on  median  line 
fi  to  8.     Dorsal  rays  IX,  10;  anal  II,  9  in  all  species;  scales  2.^-24-6.    Body 

*  'We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  G.  A.  Boulenger  for  the  int'omiation  tliat  in  tlie  types  of  Spu 
risoma  sti-igatiim  and  jSi.  aracanga  there  are  no  posterior  canines. 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann, — Fishes  of  Notih  America.     1(»43 


i>;iuu  ou 


robiiHt.  Hpecies  very  iiiituuruns,  iiiOHtly  of  liirg*!  Hi/«,  loiind  in  noarly  all 
tropical  HURH.  Tlie  naiiio  Srarug  waa  UHcd  by  the  aiifiouta  and  by  Home 
jiio-|jiiiii»'iin  writers  on  /.ooloj^y  for  the  Meiliterranoan  species  of  nS/niri- . 
siniKi,  l.iihniH  crvUniH'm  liinna-iis.  lly  (Jronow,  a  iionbinoniial  writer,  in 
I7ti4,  Sv,aru8  was  a])plie<l  to  a  group  Hiibstuntially  identical  with  the  Lin- 
iiiiiin  >;;enus  l.ahvuH.  The  lirst  use  »i  Svantt  as  a  generic  name  in  binomial 
nomenclature  is  that  of  Forskal  in  177.").  Tlio  genus  Svanm  of  Forskal  was 
hased  on  several  species  obtained  by  him  on  the  ("((asts  of  Arabia.  A  few 
III'  these  are  n«it  Hcuroids.  'i'he  others  all  belong  to  this  group.  Korskal 
Ii.mI  apparent!)'  no  ac(|uaiiitance  with  Lahnta  nrteii»iH,  and  this  species  ran 
iiiit  in  any  proper  sense  be  talien  us  tlie  type  (»f  his  genus.  One  of  tlio 
species  mentioned  by  him  should  be  so  taken,  and  as  all  his  sjtecies  belong 
to  the  same  genus  it  makes  no  special  ditVerenee  wliieh  one  is  selected. 
,l(»nlan  A-  Gilbert  h.ive  regarded  ScKnm  j>8Uta<nH  Forsknl  its  the  tyjte.  If 
SiiariHoma  crctense  shouM  be  taken  as  the  type  of  Sranm,  tl»e  jtroper  name 
for  the  i»res«'nt  genus  would  be  Calliodoii,  and  several  of  the  useless  generic 
mimes  of  Sw.iinson  have  priority  over  PHendoHcaritx,  The  genus  Scania 
coutaius  the  majority  of  the  species  of  the  Svaridir,  It  is  more  widely 
ilistributed  than  the  other  genera;  its  species  reach  for  the  most  ])art  a 
liirger  size,  and  in  genenil  they  are  more  brightly  colored  than  the  others. 
Kixi'cpo?,  Scarus,  ancient  name  o(  Sjntriaoma  ervteime,  said  by  Koudelet  to 
he  from  tJX(XifJMi',  to  pasture.) 

ScAltUS; 
(I.  rpiierjiiw  witli  from  1  to  4  postiTior  canint's. 
b.  Cluu'k  with  I'rom  '2  or  3  rows  of  sciilcs. 

c.  Ili'iul  with  11  loii;;iluiliiial  haiiil ;  .1  yi.'llow  h)n{;itiulinal  Mtripu  ou  body;  outer 
rays  of  caudal  not  colored  like  tlie  inner ;  caudal  siibtruncato. 
d.  ( )uter  rays  of  caudal  blackisli  or  ^reenisli,  darker  than  the  median  rays. 
<'.  Yellow  stripi'  above  peetoral  about  on  a  level  with  the  »\v<!;  outer 
rays  of  caudal  deep  mreenish  blue;   ujjper  .jaw  with  1  i)(>ste- 
rior  canine  (rarely  duplicated);  2.J  rows  of  aiiales  on  cheek; 
head  with  2  bluish-green  stripes,  tlie  interspace  reddisli  or  yel- 
low ;  dorsal  and  iiiial  eiu'li  with  U  y;reen  bands  and  1  oranjie  (»no, 
the  anal  having  a  roundish  blue  spot  ou  the  nieiubrane  between 
every  2  rays.    General  color  bluish  green  mixed  with  orange. 

eUNCTULATlIS,  2057. 

I'e.  Yellow  stripe  above  p((Ctoral,  mostly  below  the  level  of  the  eye; 

outer  rays  of  caudal  blackish,  the  rest  of  the  caudal  green; 

ui'per  jaw  with  2  posterior  canines;  2  rows  of  scales  on  cheek; 

upper  part  of  head  dark  green,   below  eye  bright  yellowish 

green,  with  bluish  markings  on  opercle;  dorsal  blight  green 

;il   base;  ventrals  pale;    basis   of  pectoral  with  a  blue-black 

mark,    (ieneral  color  in  life,  l)right  green ;  darker  on  the  l)a<:k, 

paler  below.  HOLLMAM,  2058. 

(id.  Outer  rays  of  caiulal  orange,  lighter  than  the  median  rays,  it;,  edge 

blackish;   yellow  stripe  above    [tectoral,  below  the   level  of  the 

green  stripes  on  the  head,  which  are  nearly  horizontal;  upper  Jaw 

with  1  posterior  canine  (rarely  du])licatcd) ;  2j^  rows  of  scales  ou 

cheek;  he.id  with  2  bluish-green  stripes,  the  inters]iaces  I'eddish 

or  yellow;  dorsal  and  anal  each  with  2  gretui  bands  and  1  orange 

one,  the  latter  without  blue  spots;  basal  band  of  dorsal  not  broken 

into  green  spots.    General  color  bluish  green,  mixed  with  oi-angc. 

T^NlOl'TERUS,  2059. 


'•:  r 


w 


1044  lUiUctin  .//,  Un Hid  States  A^itional  Museum. 


fi-  ■>■ 


cc,  lloutl  wit  hunt  l(iii)(itiiilliiiil  liuiidi;  ]Mmtt<riur  ciiiiinuH  2  to  4. 

/.  Caiiilitl  tnincatd;  2  Huriitn  of  hoiiIom  iiii  clu'ukn,  iiiiil  12  hoiiIoh  nii  lowi  r 

Iiri«>p«)r<'iilur  liiiili;    I'liiiintm  2  or  It  on  uacli  8i<i",    ('olor  uiiilnini 

violot  iMirpli';  vt<rti('al  dim  vory  (lurk.  AUacanoa,  '.'hOh. 

ff.  (.'iiikIiiI  till  liiiiiito,  tlii^  oiittT  i-a.VH  iiiorti  or  !chh  productMl ;  <'lic<>liM  win, 

2}  or  :i  rowH  of  hciiIiih;  ]ioHl«)rior  cniiiiioH  3  or  4  ;  color  (ilriitil  hKIhi 

liliiiii  lirowniHli,  tlio  iiaiiiliil  in  1  iipt'ttimcii  diirkcr,  or  imlitr  hii'miuIIn  . 

itn  liordor  itiid  iiiikIi'h  dark.  tiuhpindmik,  '.'imii. 

hh,  (y'lici-kH  wllli  4  rowH  of  hcuIch;  rii);1i-h  of  caudal  more  or  Ichh  Hallciit. 

I/.  (Jidor  dimky  olivaccoiiH,  hoiiik  Healths  with  a  rimy  Idotcli  at  Iimhu;  d<ii'-i;i| 
C4i;;t<d  with  ilimky  ;  caudal  dark,  palit  at  lia.so,  and  with  pale  Hliadcs.  iia 

iinKlimlittlu  ]>rodii I;  opi^rcltt -^-itli  Idiio  Idoti'licH;  ciiniiitm  11;  4r)ius 

of  HcaloH  on  <'llc<^k;  Huoiit  rather  acute :  7  HcalcH  licforo  dorHal, 

<:r/,AMii,.i;,  •.'"(i:. 
\j\}.  (,'olor  dark  itky  blue;  ,jawH  with  liriglit  colore ;  liim  cliiclly  lilue,  dniKi  i 
oil  pectoral  and  front  of  caudal;  middle  of  doi-Hal  riMldLsh,  with  lilij>, 
MpotH;  a  red  hand  near  the  edj^o  of  the  caudal,  1  on  tlio  haHe  of  tlir 
anal  and  I  near  the  ii)iper  eil;{0  of  the  ))ectoral)4;  vcniralH  inoHlly  riil, 
their  external  border  blue;  caudal  with  very  milient  anj,des;  ii|i|iir 
,|aw  will)  red  and  bine  edginjfH;  Hiiout  luodcrale;  2  (rarely  :))  LiIiimI 
(■aiiinu.s  in  upper  Jaw.  ScmIom  brown  t^dged;  eyo  with  blue  spui-i 
aliove  and  behind;  a  green  band  from  the  an;;lu  of  the  moiitli,  licir 
ilered  above  and  below  l)y  red.    Teeth  i|uitc  hiiuiH.  VE'i'fi.A,  L'oc;;, 

(/i/f/.  C<d(a' brown,  with  '!  '"-own  lateral  bandx.  (iNATiiouuis,  'Jii(;i, 

CAIXIODoN  (icaAAiV  beauty  ;  ';i)oi)s,  lootll): 
aa,.  Upper  jaw  without  cuniiioH;  2^  seriuH  of  .icaUm  on  cheek. 

A.  Third  (partial)  row  of  Hcales  of  tlio  cheek  of  .'I  or  4  scales   ,  tho.se  of  the  upjn  i 
row  littlo  larger  than  thone  of  the  Hccoiid  row  *. 
i.  Caudal  slightly  rounded,  its  outer  rays  not  produced. 

j.  Sides  of  body  with  2  broad  dark  loiigitudin:il  .shailes:  sides  of  l>ell\ 

each  with  'i   sharply  dctined  lines,  eacli  on  a  row  of  scales,  thito 

8tri|)cs  running  from  the  breast  to  hoyoiid  front  of  veiitrals  (thix' 

lines  usually  becoming  faint  or  even  ob.solete  in  old  individuals). 

A'.  Stripes  on  side  of  breast,  if  present,  whitish.    Color  dark  redd  i>li 

brown  above,  paler  below:  back  dark  ;  sides  with  2  dark  \v,\x 

allel  stripes  of  the  color  of  the  bai^k,  se])arated  by  jiajer  intii  ■ 

spaces,  the  upper  one  extending  backward  from  eye;   Hnoiit 

above  bluish  brown;  a  narrow  wbilish  streak  running  Irmn 

iicad  along  the  middle  line  of  belly ;  a  faint  dark  Mi>ot  on  ha.si' 

of  pectoral ;  caudal  pale  oraiigtt  red,  the  outer  rays  somewlmi 

barred  with  brown;  dorsal  orange,  edged  with  bluish;  otlni 

tins  nearly  plain.  choice.vsi.s,  llod.'i. 

kk.  Stripes  on  side  of  breast,  if  present,  inky  blue.    Color  bri^rlii 

green,  oltv;u:eous  above,  paler  below,  the  lower  half  of  tlic 

body  becoming  posteriorly  more  and  more  yellow,  and  on  tin 

lower  half  of  the  caudal  iicdunclo  bright  light  yellow,  tins 

color  being  briglitest  aliovo  front  of  anal ;  longitudinal  shades 

on  sides  of  bo<ly  bright  crim.son,  separated  on  the  head  by  a 

band  of  greiMi;  no  s])ot  on  base  of  iiectoral;  caudal  tin  ^ircn, 

its  lower  half  yellow;  dorsal,  anal,  and  pectorals  green,  ;ii 

least  at  base;  ventrals  yellow.  kveuma.n.ni,  l.'Ot>i; 

jj.  Sides  of  body  without  distinct,  broad,  darker  stripes.    Color  brown 

no  bands  or  lini-s  upon  body  or  held;   dorsiil  s\)otted  with  violii 

and  edged  above  and  below  with  yellow,  like  the  caudal;  ciindiil 

without  spots;  yellow  line  near  the  edge,  and  another  along  tin^ 

base  of  the  dorsal.    ,  flavomahoinatis,  2(HiT. 


•These  two  characters  not  verilied  in  Hcarux jlavoinanjinatus    )r  in  H,  acutv^. 


Jordan  and  Ever  ma  nn, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1645 


a.  rniitlal  triinciil<>,  Kh  poiiitH  Hliulitly  MnliiMit ;  h1)|i>h  with  u  liroail   whlttHli 

Imilll.  ACl'TUB,  *_'0«W. 

hh.  Tliinl  (imrliul)  niw  ol'  hcuIch  on  tho  clitirk  ol'  I  iir  2  hciiIoh  only;  m-alfa  ur  tint 
ii|i|M>r  row  iiiiicli  litr|{t'r  tliitii  ihoMoiil' tlifHccoiwl  row;  t'ltiulal  Hulitruiifut««, 
itM  outer  ruyH  iitoro  or  luHrt  iiriMliiceil,  liofoiniii);  nuicli  olou|{Ato  with  ago; 
ailtill  Willi  II  lloHliy  liiiiiip  altovo  llio  Hiioiit. 

I.  Color  bright  blue,  the  yoiin^  iiioro  or  Iohh  HliaiUt<l  witli  retlillHli  lirowii; 

IliiM  nioHtly  blue.     Sl/.o  larni*.  <'.-KUlTl.Kt'H,  'JOGll. 

II.  (/'olor  (liixky  olivo;   a  palo-yellowiHli  Hlruak   I'roiii  ii)i|ii'r  part  of  ityn  to 

iijipir  biiHo  ol'  laiiilal.  kmiii.ematic'uh,  2070. 


Subgenus  SCARUS. 


2057.  NrAKIN  IMIXCTIII.ATHK  ((hivier  \  Valenciiniinii). 


(lal) 


^i\\ 


;U[;);  eyo  Hiiiall,  5]  in  bead;  Hiiont 
riitlior  acute,  2ii  in  bead.  1).IX,1();  A.II,9;  scales  y.J-24-().  Kody  oblong- 
elliptical;  ii  canino  directed  outward  above  angbt  uf  niontb  on  oacb  Hide; 
:i  seeond  Huiall  canine  proHont  on  eaeb  Hide  in  tbu  specimen  described; 
iippfr  lip  covering  about  .}  of  the  surface  of  tlie  upper  Jaw;  cheek  with 
•1  rowH  of  scales,  those  of  the  upper  row  being  about  j^  larger  than  those 
of  tho  second  row,  2  Hcales  below  the  lower  series;  7  scales  before  dor- 
Hal ;  origin  of  ventral  lins  directly  under  pectoral,  tips  of  (ins  not  rench- 
iiii^  (|nite  halfway  from  their  base  to  front  ol  anal;  pectoral  reaching 
nlxnit  midway  between  tips  of  ventrals  and  front  of  anal;  eandal  fin 
triincute  or  Hlightly  rounded  when  spread  open,  the  angles  not  produced; 
tlio  outer  rays  l'[  in  head  (in  specimen  of  6  inches).  In  life,  orange 
lirown;  the  centers  of  most  of  the  scales  liright  bluish  green,  these 
blotclies  large,  so  that  the  green  predominates  over  the  orange  on  most  of 
the  body  ;  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  back  and  on  the  top  of  head  there  is 
little  green,  this  region  being  more  brown;  a  light-yellow  longitudinal 
li.'iiid,  higher  up  than  tho  similar  band  in  S,  Utniopteriis,  and  above  the 
level  of  the  green  stripes  on  head,  running  backward  I'rom  upper  part  of 
■j;ill  ojtening  nearly  to  the  end  of  pectoral;  below  this  is  a  dark-grayish 
liiuul,  about  as  broad  as  eye,  extending  about  to  end  of  pector.-ils;  this  is 
bordered  above  and  below  by  briglit  green;  these  green  stripes  become 
very  distinct  on  tlie  head,  where  they  extend  ft)rward  on  snout,  1  above 
;ni(l  1  below  the  eye,  tlie  lower  meeting  its  fellow  on  the  upper  lip,  the 
upper  on  the  forehead ;  interspace  between  these  bands  dark  gray ;  JawB 
wliitish;  a  grass-green  band  around  lower  Jaw;  lower  half  of  head  light 
yillowish  green ;  belly  jtalo  greenish ;  dorsal  JMid  anal  bright  green  at  base 
II nd  tip,  mesially  orange,  the  orange  with  a  median  moni  or  hiss  interrupted 
liiiiid  of  blue,  the  eorrespcmdiiig  band  on  anal  forming  a  row  of  spots ;  caudal 
bright  greenish  blue,  the  outer  rays  entirely  blue,  the  inner  with  their 
iiieinbranes  orange;  pectoral  pale  yellow,  the  axil  not  dusky.  West 
Indies ;  rather  common ;  one  of  the  most  brilliant  of  the  group.  It  may  be 
known  by  the  coloration  of  the  anal  lin,  which  has  suggested  the  name 
piinrtulatus.  Here  described  from  a  speeimon  0  inches  in  length,  from 
Havana.  Another  from  I'orto  Rico  is  in  the  museum  at  Cambridge. 
(pniicliilatua,  dotted.) 


u 


r — 

I 


■i- 


5    t. 


1040  Bulletin  .f.y.  United  Slates  National  Afuseiim. 


SiiiriinptiHclulalu*,  Ci  viKit  >V  Valkni'IB.nnkh,  llUt.  Xitt.  rolHM.,  xiv,  lOS,  IHIIO.  Martinique; 

•louDAN  \  Swain,  rmc.  I'.  S.  Nut.  Mum.  1H84,  HU;  Jiuidan,  Ut-vixw  Liiltrolil  KiMliiN.  ti.-j, 

ISIlii:  .loKDAN  \   KiTTKK,  Proo.  Ac.  Nut.  Sol.  I'lillii.  1HII7,  ll>l. 
J'm-ilili'MCiirui  punrtuliitu.i,  OUK'IIKNOT,  SriiriiU-n,  Mint.  I'iii-Ih,  UII,  1H0&. 
Nmni*  ilimlima,  ('rviKU  .v  Vai.knciivNNI'.h,  lli«t.  Nat.  I'oIhh.,  mv,  lIHt,  lri:i9,  Martinique; 

<'<>|>E,  TniiiH.  ,\iii.  I'liil.  Six-.  1871,  401. 
I'triithncanit  ilidili'mit,    I'liKV,  SyiiopniH,  :ii7j   I'oKV,   Kiiiliii)>riitlo,    116;  (iUiiMIKNOT,  Siii 

riili'H,  2H,  IHd.'i  (iioluiiii  ly|i«H). 
I'Kfudnneanii  twniopliriiii,  (iONUlKU,  <^il.,  iv,  2'2<l,  18i)2,  Trinidad;  «tKi'.«lluiit  (IttHcriiitimi ; 

not  of  Dk.mmaurht. 
Seanm  /(I'tiioiileruM,  .Iokda.n,  I'riMr.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mr».  IHHfl,  47. 

20AH.  NOAItlX  IIOIJ,MAM,.li>i-ditii  &  Kvitrnmnn. 

HtMul  :V1  in  loiigtli  (;|>  ill  totiil);  depth  \i\.  'J"wo  hiiiuU  l)lunt  postorior 
caiiinuH  in  tipporjaw,  luiiir  iingle  of  inuiith;  ciiiuliil  Nhort,  almost  trnncat«>, 
tho  middle  laya  a  little  Hliorter  thiin  the  outer  ouoh;  '2  r<»wH  of  hciiIis 
oil  cheek.  In  life,  bright  )<;reon,  darker  on  the  back,  paler  below  ;  a  Itniail 
lateral  baud  mostly  below  level  of  eye  and  twice  width  of  eye,  of  a  brilliant 
orange-yellow  color  extondiiig  from  ^111  opoiiln^  to  opposite  vent,  whcro 
it  ccaHcs  almost  abni|itly;  upper  part  of  tliiii  1)and  a  yellow  streak  moii' 
than  k  as  wide  as  eye,  and  nearly  on  level  of  (uipil,  ])orHiHteiit  and  bright 
yellow  in  ah^ohoi,  while  the  orange  fades  to  pale;  behind  tho  vent,  the 
side  is  a  little  braosy  or  yellowish,  this  shade  scarcely  tontrasting  wilh 
the  green  ground  color;  there  is  also  in  life  an  ill-detiued  band  of  blouil 
ml  nearly  a  scale  wide  above  and  below  the  ground  color;  base  of  pectornl 
with  a  blno-black  mark,  upper  ]>art  of  head  dark  green,  below  eye,  bri^^lit 
yellowish  green,  with  some  bluish  markings  on  o])ercle;  caudal  fin  groMi. 
its  outer  rays  blackish;  other  fins  injured  in  both  the  typical  exam|doH, 
the  dorsal  bright  green  at  base,  ventrals  pale;  teeth  pale.  Gnlf  of  Mexico, 
in  deep  water.  Two  Hpeciincns  wore  obtained  from  stomachs  of  Red 
Groupers  {EphiephditH  morio),  the  first  one  by  Mr.  Charles  II.  Itollman,  oil 
Tampa  Bay.  The  second  was  sent  later  by  Mr.  Stearns.  The  latter,  5 
inches  long,  is  especially  the  tyr  e  of  the  foregoing  description.  (Named 
for  Charles  Harvey  Hollman.) 

Searus  hiUlinani.  Jcikdan  \    Eveh.mann,  Vntc.  U.  S.  Xat.  Muh.  1880,  47(i,  off  Tampa  Bay 
(Type,  No.  ;»7093.     Coll.  Silas  SteariiH) ;  .Iordan,  Itcview  Lahroid  FiHlies,  C8:t,  1800 

Smfi.  WkRVH  T.K\IOI»TERI!S,  DeamaroHt. 

Head  3  (3.if  with  caudal);  depth  2ii  (3^).  1).  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales 
2^-24-6.  Hody  oblong-elliittical.  A  canine  directed  backward  ;ind  ont- 
Avard  above  the  angle  of  the  month;  upper  lip  covering  more  than  A  <il' 
surface  of  ui)per  jaw;  eye  small,  6  in  head;  snout  rather  acute,  2;';  in 
head;  cheek  with  2  nearly  equal  rows  of  about  (>  scales  each,  1  or  2  liujie 
scales  below  the  lower  series ;  8  scales  on  median  line  of  back  before  dor- 
sal; i)ectoral  reaching  just  past  tips  of  ventrals;  origin  of  ventral  spine 
under  posterior  end  of  pectoral  base ;  tips  of  ventrals  scarcely  reaching  to 
midway  between  their  base  and  front  of  anal;  caudal  fin  when  spre.ul 
out  very  slightly  rounded,  tho  outer  rays  very  slightly  produced,  1^  in 


Jordan  and  Ivvertuaun. — Fishes  of  North  .  \mcriia.      KMT 


lii'iul,  ill  Hp«M-lintMiH  of  U  iiicboH.  Color  in  lifn,  «li(ik  oi'iui(;it  lirowii  ultovo; 
tlir  i-<>!it<-r  of  oiirli  H<-iilo  f(r«><>niHli  1iliii>;  latlittr  u1n'ii|)tl,v  ]>iili>i-  Im>Io\v, 
wlit^ro  i\w  liliiu  ]»r(>iloiiiinat(>H  uh  it  «Io«>n  alHo  on  nuuliil  |)*-<1nn('|i>;  Hi*lcH  of 
Iii'imI  with  2  liori/oiitiil  atripcH  of  il<>«>p  ItliiiHh  ki'<'|'|>>  riiiiiiiiiK  from  an^^lit 
(if  opt^rrlo  throtifrli  <\vo  uihI  iiicutiiiK  arotiiHl  *sniiiit,  tlu^  iiit«<i'Hpaco  nntn- 
lidily  y«'IIowiHh,  posteriorly  lirowiiiNli;  hoad  lifflit  ^leeiiisli  Inflow;  JawH 
|p:i1o;  2  urt'eii  Htrip«>H,  with  a  yrllowiMh  intrrMpiMo  on  lowrr  jaw;  a 
liioati,  lirijjiit-yollow  Itaiul  h«!h»w  lovel  of  uriseii  Htrip»H  of  head,  ruiiiiiii>r 
iKiiii  haH«)  of  p<>ctoralH  hatUwanl  nearly  to  inithlJM  of  lioily;  (li>i-sal  tin 
i;riM'uiHh  itiiie  on  lower  linif;  iihovo  tliiH  a  liroad  orange  )>aiitl,  tiie  tin  niur- 
^riiied  with  Hivy  hliio;  caudal  indigo  Miii.sh,  with  Home  va^ne  yellow 
sliadeH,  the  oiit«>r  rayH  1>ri;!;ht  oran^re,  ed);e<l  with  indigo  Idiiinh  ;  anal  );reen- 
isji,  Idtii)  at  haHe,  then  a  rather  narrow  Htripe  of  orange,  the  outer  half  of 
(lie  tin  MiuhIi;  vontralN  Kreeninh  aii<l  yellowJHh;  pectoral  li^ht  yellow,  no 
(liirk  iilotcli  at  itH  haHO.  In  Npii  ifH  the  oran^re  fadeH  to  yellowish  and  the 
hlno  to  bright  jireeii.  The  yellow  lateral  hand  is.  in  spirits,  diished  with 
nd.  West  IndieM;  generally  coninion.  Hero  deseri  hod  troni  speeimens  O.J 
inches  Ion);  from  Havana,  tho  types  of  Scania  virijinuUH.  ( ithers  (fxaiiiiued 
!iie  from  Porto  Hico  and  St.  Thomas.  The  name  jmttaciiH  has  heon  used 
liy  roeent  writers  for  this  species.  The  original  type  of  Coryphttna  pnillii- 
iiiH,  sent  hy  Dr.  (Jarden  from  Charleston,  is  still  preserved  hy  the  IJniiiran 
.Society  of  London.  It  lias  been  uxainined  hy  Dr.  lioaii,  who  has  found  it 
to  l»e  a  XiirU'hihijs.     {raiy/a,  rihhoii;  nrffjoi',  tin.) 

Si-anii  tifniojtttrut*  Desmakkst,  Diet.  CliiH8i(|ue,  xv,  244,  |>1.  12,  18;tl,  Cuba;  Civikk  * 
Vai.kntie.nnkh,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiHS.,  xiv,  U).'>  (Mniii(>  tyjic) ;  Johhan.  I'roc  t'.  S.  Xat.  Mas. 
IRHtt,  543  (note  on  ori^'inal  t.v|)o) ;  Jordan.  Rrviinv  Laliioiil  Ki.>4licH.  nai,  IKno. 

Si-amt  vctitla,  (,'rviEii  it  Vai.knciknnes,  [list.  Nat.  I'oin,H.,  xiv,  l!».l.  IHilli,  St.  Thomas;  not 

of  Hl.OCH  \  SCIINKIDEH;   l)asc(l  oil  a  tlj-llic  of  I'AIIKA. 

I'femloHcarus pnltaetm,  GCntiikk,  Cut.,  iv,  22.'>,  1H02  (alter  Ci>n/iili(fiia  ptittaciiu,  L.,wlil<'li 

in  a  spo<'ioH  of   Xyriehthijt  t    not  Scanm  pitittaciis,   ForskAi.,  an    AHJatic  n\ icH) ; 

(iClCHENOT,  Scaridt'H.  Mux.  Paris,  25, 1805;  PoEV,  Synoimis,  ;i47 ;  PoEV,  Enniiioratio,  1 10. 

Sfariii  lirginali*,  JoiiDAN  &  Swain,  I'roc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884,  K8.  Havana  (Coll.  Jurtlun) ; 
JoRnAN,  Proc.  r.  S.  Nat.  Mum.  1886,47. 

I'teiidoieaniH  ttumoptenis,  (ii'iniENOT,  Scaridt's,  Miis.  Paris,  26, 1865. 

Si-uruD  psitlacus,  Coi'E,  Trans.  Am.  Philoa.  Soo.  1871, 401. 


M     ; 


2000.   SCARrK   AltA('A\(M  (Giintlicr). 


Two  series  of  scales  on  cheek,  and  2  scales  on  lower  preopercular 
limb;  canines  2  or  H  on  each  side,  the  middh^  series  composed  of  0 
sciiles;  lips  broad;  Jaws  rosy,  the  ujiper  with  2  or  3  small  pointed  ]>romi- 
nences  at  tho  angle;  teeth  small;  dorsal  spines  tlexihle;  caudal  trun- 
cated;   14   i)ectoral  rays;   tubes  of  the  lateral  lino  simple;    lateral  line 


*  Wo  hnvo  tlic  following  notes  on  the  type  of  Seams  Uvnioptfrux  Dksmare.st: 

'•  .Specimen  0.27  III.  lon}i  in  very  bad  eondition  ;  tlie  color  ('iitirely  faded.  Ciilia.  (Des- 
inare.-it. )    Tlio  dorsal  sliows  faintly  2  colors,  witli  a  spot  at  tlio  l)as(^  of  ca(^li  nieiiibraiie." 

Another  s])etMiiieii  from  the  ninseiim  at  Geneva,  U.:)U  m.  lon^,  is  in  better  condition, 
'file  colors  on  the  dorsal  sliow  more  )ilainl,v,  and  there  are  2  dusky  bands  on  the  anal. 
Till!  outer  ray  of  caudal  above  an<l  Itdow  is  jialer  than  tlie  others. 

This  is  idftiiti(;al  with  the  other  specimen,  and  liotli  neein  to  lichmgto  the  species  called 
Scanit  virijinalis,  hy  Jordan  \-  Swain  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1884, 88). 


.;i^ 


1^'  i 


1048         linlktin  ^7,  I  'm'h'd  S/ntrs  National  Museum. 


iiitorniplud.  <'oI<»r  iiiiil'oriii  viul*  t  |Mirple;  vertiral  thiH  v«<ry  dark.  Jn. 
iiiitirii  (Ollnthor);  unknown  to  im.  ArcunUnff  to  Dr.  Oilntliur  "it  Ihih 
««xiU!tl,v  tlio  Nitino  ntloiation  (hh  Sftarinoma  frotxUmum),  with  wlilcli  it  iiiuy 
bo  uiiHily  cuiit'uiindrd.''     (I'ortu^uuHt)  imniu  for  hoiiio  ]iiirrot.) 

Pneuilniifariii  nrarnnt/a.  (II'NTIIKII,  (Iiir.,  IV,  2".'7,  IHO'i,  Jamaica. 
Sitanit  nrncaitija,  ilnBDAN,  Kuvluw  Liiliruiil  FIhIu'm,  OHlt,  IWK). 

•J(NII.   NC.Ud'N  TKIsriXONIN,  Ciivicr  \  ViilriicloiinM. 

Tho  typo,  11  drittd  nkin,  Ih  tlnm  duHi-ribud  by  (iiiiclionot: 

Form  itf  J'»euih)»t'atiiii  {fiiaramaia:  JawM  tliicly  <Tciiiiluti'  on  th<'  m\k>\  Mirlr  Murriicc 
HiiiiMitli,  i>xi'i<)it  on  lou'iT  iiiw;  tt^i'tli  ))iili<;  !)  poHlcrior  ciiiiliittH  iibovo;  Hriiltm  of  i'lit'cU  in 
3  rows;  citudnl  Hoiiiinvlmt  roiinilcil,  itn  aiiKl<'t  |ii'oloiii{t'(l  in  Hliiirii  points.  Color  iiiiiroi'in 
reililiHli  brown,  tlio  raniljil  nicdlally  palor,  ilH  iiimtniior  margin  and  polntH  lilaukiHii.  A 
vory  largo  iikin  sent  by  tho  MuHcnni  of  LiMbon,8nppoHvil  to  conio  from  Brazil. 

Tho  Hpocinioii  called  Siariin  iiitadriiipinoBiiK  in  not  evidently  difffient. 
ThiH  Ih  11  dried  Hkin  iOO  mm.  long  and  Ih  thim  duacribfd  liy  Quichenot: 

Voi'm  of  Seanii  Ueiiwpteni$:  .Thwh  tri*ncliant,  tint'ly  ciuniilnto  on  th(>e<lKo,  tlintritnrfncp 
Hiuootb;  4  caniiioH  on  oarb  aido  aliovo;  3  rowHof  hcniIim  on  tb<>  rbio'k  anil  4or.'>on  opKirlr: 
candal  minaroiy  trmicatc,  its  lolionobluMO  and  vt-iy  nbort.  Color  oiivo  brown,  paler  on 
Hidos  and  bidly,  with  no  tract)  of  bandn  nor  liut-H  on  bead  nor  Ihm;  Una  ycllowiab,  uxcrpt 
the  caudal,  wbicb  Ih  diiNky. 

We  have  the  following  notes  on  tho  Name  Hpoeimon: 

Color  entirely  fadud,  poHHibly  bluo  in  lifi';  4  diHtinct  jiontcrior  caninOH  on  ri|bfbt  Hide  oT 
iipiMTJaw  (tlio  li'ft  aide  biokcn) ;  hiiiimI  rather  lout^;  caudal  Hiin|dy  luniitc;  check  HoalcH  in 
'2i  rowH;  7  HcaloH  boforu  dorsal:  axil  pale;  tina  apparently  pale  and  plain. 

West  Indies  to  Rrn/il.     {Irlaphiosiia,  three-spined.) 

Searut  liitpinosug,  Cl'ViEli  \  VAi.HNtiKNNKH,  Hist  Nat.  I'oisa.,  xiv,  182, 1839,  Brazil;  .loii 

HAN,  Kovicw  liabrold  l''i.><be8,  084, 18U0. 
Searni  nuadnspiniMiug,  CuviKii  \-  Vai.e.\<iknneh,  lliat.  Nat.  PoiHa.,  xiv,  197,  183ii,  Mar 

tinique;  flUKiiENoT,  .Scarld^'s, 27, 18(15  (note  on  typo);  Jokuan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  iMiis. 

1880,  542  (uoti)  on  type). 
Vteudoscunis  quadritpinoms,  (iooDE,  Hull.  U.  S.  Nat.  I^Iuh.,  V,  34, 1870. 
t  I'Keudoneanis chloris/  (U^miiKH,('al.,  iv,  227,  1802:  not Ufarugrhloris,  lli.otui  iV  Schneimkr 
I'lcuduscarun  trispinutvn,  (JI'iciienot,  .Scaridcs,  23, 18G5  (uotu  on  ty]ie). 


20(12.  N<  AltlJS  (il/AMIL.K,  Itvan. 

Depth  3^.  D.  TX,  10;  A.  Ill,  {>;  eyo  7J  in  head;  sealos  2-25-7.  The 
body  is  somewhat  fusit'orm  in  shape.  Tho  Jaws  are  whitish  at  tho  margin 
and  olivaeeons  over  tho  rest  of  their  Hurfaco ;  3  canines,  directed  outwaids 
and  slightly  backward  on  lower  posterior  odgo  of  tho  upper  jaw ;  uj>])er 
lip  covering  rather  less  tlum  .1  of  tlu^  surface  of  the  upper  jaw;  snout 
attenuated ;  a  considerable  de))re8sion  above  the  nostrils;  distance  from  tip 
of  upper  jaw  to  the  iri.s,  measured  obliquely,  equals  ^  dorsal  base  and 

*  The  HpecimonH  from  Jamaica,  wrongly  calleil  rievdoncarns  efilorin  by  Dr.  Oiinther,  are 
thus  described :  "  Two  Heries  of  Hcalos  on  cheek  and  2  acalea  on  the  lower  limb  of  tbo  pre- 
o]ierculnm;  the  second  series  is  composed  of  4  scales;  caudal  nnindcd,  witb  tbo  lobes 
]>roduceil;  15  |)octoral  rays;  teeth  very  small.  Nearly  nuiforni  greou;  vertical  tins  edged 
with  dark  green ;  iiape  or  opercles  somotimoB  reddisli." 


Jordan  and  liverniaHH, — Fishes  of  North  Amcrita,      1049 


Hourly  \  tlioliuiul;  (\vn  HltutittMl  ralluM'  Iimh  tliiui  I  of  itH  (lijiiiitstuiN  Iroiu 
llir  iippt^r  prulilo  ol'  th*i  li<<ii«l  and  iioiirly  It  of  iu  (lliiMM't«rH  IVoin  tho  l<>\v«<r 
|)ri)lilu;  I  rowH  of  «cuI«h  on  tli»  rliooU,  Im-hjiIi-h  a  row  of  hciiIoh  upon  tli« 
siihopttrculiini  iinil  inti-roponiiliini;  lown-  Httrii^s  on  chook  contuinin^  o 
suiilt'H  iunl  tho  othur  HuriuH  tVonilitoT;  7  HnrirH  ol' hciiIi'M  on  Ww  nii<(liiin 
linitoC  tlin  hiivk  lioforo  tlio  iIoi-hiiI,  Ilui^lit  of  liuily  not  (h|iiii1  to  liMi){tli 
III  lii-iid.  iiOUMt  hoit{ht  of  titil  o<|nal«  htii^th  of  poHtot'ltital  part  of  limul 
,iM(l  not  *|nitn  \  the  Kr*'att>Ht  hri^^hl  of  liody;  ori>(in  of  «lorHal  iibont  ovor 
llititof  the  portoml;  ItaHO  of  tloi'Hal  «\a«;tly  IwicunH  lon^  iim  thutufunal; 
ilorHal  Hpint-H  about  equal  in  Hi/c,  tlio  fourth  Npino  iMjualH  ^  tho  )(reat««Ht 
lioi^ht  o.*' hody,  and  Ih  containo<l  :<  tinioH  in  Ihe  dintanco  from  tho  tip  of 
Iho  upper  lip  to  th<>  oi'i);in  of  tho  dorHal;  length  of  prctoral  about  \  of 
total  luufrth  lo  cud  of  tho  tiiiddio  caudal  rayn;  ventral  ii  little  iuori>  than 
I  as  lout;  an  hi-ad.  Lateral  lino  intorruptod  undor  end  of  Hoft  dorHal,  IK 
HcaluH  liein^  pit«rc*'d  before  the  interruption.  CoUhh  of  the  ulcolnd  Hpcoi- 
Miun:  HpiiiouH  durnal  with  a  narrow,  dark  margin;  soft  dorHul  with  a 
liroad,  dusky  margin,  tho  r<>st  of  the  tin  lifrhlor;  anal  light  at  baHe,  a  faint, 
ihiHky  band  covering  about  thi«  outer  jj  of  the  lin;  portoral  and  ventral 
|iaIo;  caudal  light  at  baHo,  and  with  Hcvcral  broad,  light  arean  extending 
out  on  tho  rays;  tho  major  portion  of  the  lln,  however,  Ih  very  dark;  gen- 
eral color  dusky  olivaceous,  many  of  the  scalcH  having  a  rosy  blotch  at 
the  base;  operculum  with  a  few  irregular  blotches  of  blue;  iris  yellowish. 
Length  I^HO  mm.  Cozumol  Islaml,  Yucatan.  (Mean.)  ("In  alluaion  of 
the  ancient  name  of  the  island"  t>f  Co/uuiel.) 

Scarm  cuzaiiiilit;  Hean,  bull.  I'.  S.  I'MhIi  Coiimi.  1H8H,  lOll,  Cozumel  ('I'.viif,  No.  .'I712H.    Coll. 
Ilfun);  .loKUAN,  Uovicw  LiibroMi  I'MhIibs,  i184,  18tio. 

2(Mt:i.  S4;AR|TS  VKTIII.A  (nincli  iV  HcluioitUM). 


I  ,. 


(Ml'DFISU;   VlICIA;   ( )UI   WlKB.) 

Cheek  with  4  rows  «if  scales ;  angles  of  caudal  more  or  less  salient;  teeth 
(|uite  small;  snout  moderate;  2  (rarely  3)  lateral  canines  in  u))perjaw. 
(ieuoral  color  dark  sky  blue;  scales  brown-edged;  eye  with  blue  spots  above 
and  behind;  a  green  band  from  the  angle  of  the  month,  bordered  above 
and  below  by  red;  no  pah^  lateral  band;  fins  ohielly  blue,  darker  on  pec- 
toral and  front  of  caudal;  middle  of  dorsal  reddish,  with  blue  spots;  a  red 
hand  near  the  edge  of  tho  caudal,  1  on  the  base  of  the  anal,  and  1  near 
the  njipor  edge  of  the  |)e(;toral ;  vontrals  mostly  red,  their  external  border 
blue;  upper  Jaw  with  red  and  blue  edgings.  West  Indies;  generally  com- 
mon. One  of  tho  most  gorgeous  of  tho  parrot- fishes,  roaehiug  a  length  of 
nearly  2  feet.  The  specimens  hero  desi-ribed  were  sent  by  I'rofessor  I'ooy 
to  tho  museum  at  Cambridge,  (reliila,  old  woman,  given  in  allusion  to  tho 
Spanish  name  Vuja;  English  name,  Old  Wife.) 

I'lVjo,  rAK.{A,  Dif.  I'iozn.s,  etc..  58,  i)l.  28, 1'.  1, 1787,  Havana. 

Ncartis  vetnlft,  Ib.ocii  \  S<  iineujf.u,  Syst.  Iclif  liyol.,  2H9,  1801,  Cuba,  after  Pauiia  ;  Crvicn 
il-  Vai.enciknnks,  Hint.  Niit.  PoIhr.,  xiv,  VXi,  18;i!>;  Giicuenot,  Scaridt'S,  'J5,  ISC';  (note 
on  type);  Jordan  &.  Swain,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1884, 9<>;  .Tokdan,  Review  l.aliroiil 
Fi.-»lie.s,  «84,  1890. 


i|f 


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Ij:? 


!£■ 


II 


■■■S  I 


1650 


nllctin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Searu*  tuperbvt,  Poky,  Memorias,  ii,  218, 186<»,  Cuba. 

rteuAotearux  tuperhuit,  (JCntiikk,  (.'at.,  iv,  'J18,  1862;   roEy,  Hyiiopsis,  346,  1868;   I'oey, 

Knuiiiorntio,  110,  1875. 
l'»eudoncanni  velula,  Ooodk,  Jlull.  V.  S.  Xat.  Mus.,  V,  H2, 1876, 

20«4.  MrAlirs  ONATIIODirS,  I'ooy. 

Hrown,  with  a  t'h'iw  l)rowii  buiul  iiloujj  middle  of  trunk  and  another 
along  lower  part  of  b(>lly ;  posterior  canines  strong;  edge  of  jaw  Htroiiglv 
emarginate;  posterior  border  of  ciiiidal  llexuoiiH.  Cubi;  (I'oey):  not  iieeii 
by  lis.  This  species  may  be,  as  I'oey  cuspects,  simply  the  normal  form  of 
ScaruB  ncittiis,  the  type  of  the  latter  having  no  canines.  The  coloration  til 
the  two  is  the  same.     (yi'aOoi,  jaw;  6dov<;,  tooth.) 

iSeanis  ynnthodvn,  I'oKV,  UL-jjertorio,  n,  240,  1867,  Havana. 

I'seudotcarti*  ijnaihodxig.  Poky,  Syn<»i>His,  ILIO,  1808;  Poev,  KniiiiH-ratio,  119, 1875. 

Subgenus  CALLIODON  ((Iroiiow)  S(r)ineiilor. 

•.•Oft'i.  ^'f^AK^S  CKOirRNNIS  (Blocli). 

(I'.ri.LoN.) 

Head  3(3^'  with  caudal);  depth  3  (3;).  D.  IX,  10;  A. II  9;  eye  small, 
5i^  in  head;  snout  not  obtuse,  2J;  scales  2i-l'l-fi.  Body  comparatively 
elongate.  No  posterior  canine  teeth ;  lip  covering  most  of  surface?  of  upper 
jaw;  cheek  with  3  rows  of  scales,  the  lower  with  3  or  i  scales,  those  of 
the  upper  row  scarcely  larger  than  those  of  the  second  row;  7  scales  on 
median  line  before  dorsal;  pectoral  reaching  just  past  tips  of  ventrals; 
origin  of  ventral  spine  slightly  behind  base  of  pectorals;  tii)8  of  ventrala 
leaching  slightly  more  than  midway  between  base  of  fiii  and  front  of 
anal;  caudal  slightlj  and  evenly  rounded,  its  outer  rays  1^  in  head,  not  at 
all  pro<luced  in  specimens  examined.  Color  in  life,  of  young  of  2  to  ! 
inches,  dark  olive,  little  mottled,  rosy  below,  on  ba^es  of  scales  and  lower 
part  of  head;  2  dark,  lateral,  ])aralk'  .stripes,  the  upper  pa.ssing  through 
eye  and  about  equaling  it  in  width,  being  twi<'e  as  wide  as  lower  stripe 
which  meats  base  of  pectoral;  jaws  reddish;  teeth  light  rcddi.^h;  dorsal 
orange  yellow,  its  edge  pale  bluish;  caudal  and  anal  similar,  the  former 
mottled;  ventrals  red  orange;  pectorals  plain,  the  base  yellowish  without 
dark  blotch.  In  spirits  the  rosy  color  becomes  grayish  and  all  the  fins 
pale.  Older  examjiles,  7  to  9  inches  in  length,  are  dark  reddish  brown 
above,  paler  below;  back  dark,  sides  with  2  dark  parallel  stripes  of  the 
color  of  the  back,  separated  by  pale  inter'-.paces,  the  upper  one  backward 
from  eye;  snout  above  bluish  brown,  a  narrow  Avhiti.-sh  streak  running 
from  head  along  the  middle  line  of  belly ;  3  similar  streaks  on  each  side 
of  breast,  there  being  1  on  each  row  of  scales;  teeth  dark  red;  a  dusky 
blotch  at  ba^e  of  pectoral;  caudal  pa(e,  orange  red,  dusky  at  tip  and 
sides,  the  outer  rays  being  somewhat  barred  with  brown;  anal  light 
bluish,  dusky,  paler  in  front  and  on  edge;  ventrals  and  pectorals  pale; 
dorsal  orange,  edged  with  bluish.  Here  described  from  a  speitimen  from 
Havana,  7  inches  in  length.     West  Indies,  north  to  Key  West;  generally 


■■'!!I!1 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1651 

(M)iiimou;  1  of  tho  siUiillDr  s]K>cie8;  taken  hy  Dr.  Jordiin  at  Havana  and 
Key  West.  Spefimons  from  Bermuda,  Tortuj^.ts,  St.  TboniaH,  and  St. 
Croix  fxaminod  by  ns.  I'oey  reiogni/.es  l'neii(loNvoni»  Jincmatus,  with  tho 
',\  HtreakH  along  the  Hide  of  the  breast,  as  a  species  distin<t  from  /*.  aancto- 
rrufin  (cvoicenais),  in  which  these  markings  are  obsolete.  These  stripes 
are  present  in  all  our  specimens  from  Cuba  and  Florida,  but  in  a  larger 
example  from  St.  Lucia  they  are  very  faint  or  obsolete.  Their  absence  is 
])robabiy  a  matter  of  age,  not  of  8i)e(ilic  ditfereuce.  {croivensia,  living  in 
St.  Croix,  where  the  species  was  discovered.) 

Calljiodon,  GRotntW,  IMuhoiiiii  Ichthyol.,  ii,  8,  1703;  (ritoNOW,  Zoiipliylacmmi,  244,  t.7,  t.  4 

{nine  jiatna) . 
Scani»  croirennis,  Bloch,  Ichthyol.,  pi.  21!1, 175)0,  St.  Croix;  ]>robiil)ly  more  than  1  Hpecics 

iiicludert;  Jordan  \  (iii,Hi;nT,  SynojiMia,  938,  1883;  .J()ud.\n  \  Swain,  Proe.  I'.  .S.  Xnt. 

Mu8. 1884,87;  JoHDAN,  ?.  c,  137;  JoHDAN,  Proc.  I'.S.  Nat.  Mim.  1880,  47;  Hean,  IJiiU.  V. 

S.  FLsli  Coiiiin.  1888, 198;  .^oiiUA.v,  Ilcvit-w  Laliroiil  Fislios,  085, 1800. 
KnjchthjiK  oniicimiti.s,  SwAi.vsox,  Xat.  Hist.  Clasn'ii  KiMlics,  n,  220, 1839  (iiaiiic  only). 
NcrtCKK  t*i(iMte-«ff)ic<«;-(!ri<ci»,  ItLocn  &.  Scunehjeh,  Syst.  Ichthyol.,  285, 1801  (after  ISuxii), 

St.  Croix. 
Calliodon  lineatn.i,  Bloch  &  SoHNKmr.n,  Synt.  Ichthyol.,  312,  pi.  02,  f.  2, 1801  (Rl'ter(  Ikdnow)  ; 

(tRONOw,  Syst.  Nat.,  Kd.  (Jray,  84, 1854  {sinr  patria). 
Scanis  (ilti'nianii,  Ccvieu  \-.  Valexcikn.nes,  Hist.  Xat.  Poiss.,  iv,  2(M),  1839.  Martinique. 
J'ufiitloscaiun  lineiilatiis,  PoEV,  Kepcrtorio,  ii,239, 1808,  Cuba  ;  I'oey,  F)i)iiineratio,  119, 1H75. 
I'teutloKarus  •^aiictwenicin.  CCxtiikk,  Cat.,  iv,226, 1802;  Gimciiknot,  Scaridc.s,  Mhh.  PariH, 

29, 1805;  PoEY,  S.VDopsiH,  350, 180H ;  PoEY,  Knunicratio,  119, 1875. 
Scanis  sanetie-crucis,  Coi-E,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc  1870, 401. 


20««.  S(  AKUK  KVEKMANM,  Jordan. 

Head  2fi  (3^  in  toial);  doi^th  2(;.  Teeth  pale;  no  canines;  caudal  iin 
(mutilated)  apparently  subtruncato  in  life;  scales  on  cheek  in  2  rows.  In 
life,  bright  green,  olivaceous  above,  paler  I)elow;  the  lower  half  of  tlie 
body  becoming  posteriorly  more  and  more  yellow,  and  on  the  lower  half 
of  the  caudal  i)8duncle  bright  light  yellow;  this  color  brightest  above 
front  of  anal ;  a  longitudinal  band  of  bright  crimson  (fading  to  whitish  in 
spirits)  on  body  on  level  of  eye,  but  narrower  than  eye  and  growing 
fainter  behind ;  some  crimson  marks  on  the  scales  above  this  band  forming 
a  faint  iuterrnpted  band  below  lateral  line;  both  these  bands  continued 
<m  head  to  eye  with  a  band  of  green  (brown  in  spirits)  between  them; 
sides  of  belly  each  with  3  sharply  defined  lines  of  indigo  black,  like  ink 
marks,  each  on  a  row  of  scales,  these  strijxs  running  from  the  breast  to 
beyond  front  of  anal ;  no  spot  on  base  of  pectoral ;  bright  green  on  top  of 
head  above  eyes,  redclish  below;  caudal  tin  green,  its  lower  half  yellow; 
dorsal,  anal,  and  pectorals  (mutilated  in  the  type),  apparently  all  green, 
;it  least  at  base;  ventrals  yellow.  In  spirits,  fading  to  brown,  with  1 
distinct  pale  lateral  stripe  on  level  of  lower  part  of  eye,  and  a  fainter  one 
above  it.  Blue-black  streaks  on  sides  of  belly  not  fading  iu  alcohol;  a 
small  dark  spot  on  u]»i)er  edge  of  caudal  peduncle  near  baso  of  caudal. 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  deep  water,  with  Scarnx  hollmaui.  The  type,  3  inches, 
was  obtained  from  the  stonmch  of  a  red  grouper,  off  Tampa  Bay,  by 
Charles  H.  BoUmau.  Very  close  to  Svarna  vroicinula,  and  similar  to  it  in 
patt(<rn  of  coloration,  except  that  the  sharply  defined  streaks  on  the  sides 


y 


H 


;;:«:. 


f 


ii 


1652         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


of  tho  breast  are  in   5.  erermanni  inky  blue,   in  iSi.   croicensii*  whitisli. 
(Named  for  Harton  Warrou  Evermann.) 

Scarui  evennanni,  Jobdan,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nnt.  Mu8.  1880,  469,  off  Tampa  Bay  (Typo,  No. 
37000.    Coll.  O.  H.  Bollmaii);  JonDAN,  lieview  Labroid  Finhcs,  085,  1800. 

20«7.  NCAKUS  FLAYOMAIUaNATUN,  Cnvicr  &  Vr.lenciennos. 

Jaws  trenchant,  their  creniilationH  little  niarketl ;  no  canines ;  3  HcricH  oi 
scales  on  the  cheek ;  cumlal  squarely  truncate,  its  outer  rays  not  produced ; 
body  deeper  than  in  S.  croirermiH,  the  snout  more  blunt.  Color  yellowiHli 
brown;  no  bands  or  linos  upon  body  or  head;  d«)rs<al  spotted  with  violet; 
a  yellow  lino  near  the  edge,  and  another  along  the  base  of  the  dorsal; 
caudal  unspotted.  (Guichenot.)  Martinique.  Known  only  from  the  scanty 
descriptions  of  Valenciennes  and  Guichenot,  taken  from  one  young  spoci- 
inen.     (flaniH,  yellow;  inarginalus,  margined.) 

SeartiB  Jlavomnrginatui,  Cuvikk   &.  Valkn(;iennes,   Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  .xiv,  202,  lH;t!), 

Martinique  ((.'oil.  P16<() ;  Jordan,  Roview  Labroid  Fialioa,  08(),  1890. 
Pseudogcanit  Jlavomarginatus,  Guichenot,  ScariiU's,  30,  1805  (note  on  tyi)o). 


2(M)8.  SCAUIIS  ACIITUS,  Pooy. 

(LORO.) 

Head  rather  slender;  depth  3|  in  length,  equal  to  length  of  hc.d;  eye 
7  in  head  in  middle  of  its  length;  caudal  subtruncatc  with  salient  angles; 
snout  r.-.ther  pointed;  nostrils  close  together ;  no  posterior  cnnines;  cheek 
with  4  rows  of  scales.  Teeth  whitish ;  general  color  violaceous ;  sides  with 
a  broad  whitish  band;  iins  plain  reddish,  the  upper  violaceous;  upper  lip 
deep  blue,  lower  carmine;  head  olivaceous  above,  rosy  below.  Cuba 
(I'oey);  not  seen  by  us.  Perhaps  identical  with  Scania  (/nathodus,  whielj 
seems  to  differ  only  in  the  presence  of  posterior  canines;  their  absence  in 
the  types  of  acHiiia  mny  be  due  to  individual  variations,  (acutiis,  sharp- 
l»oiuted.) 

Searvs  acutus,  Poey,  Mcnioria.s,  ii,  216,  1861,  Havana;  Jordan,  Ituview  Labroid  PMslien, 

084,  1890. 
I'grudosearvt  acutus,  1'oky,  Synopsis,  ;!,'>0,  1868;  Poev,  Enniiienitio,  118,  187.'). 

200».  SCAUIIS  (M'lKIILEUS  (I?lo<!b). 
(IUaie  Parrot-fish  ;  Loro;  Ci.amahohe.) 

Head  3i  (3f|  with  caudal) ;  depth  3i  (3[0.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales  2i- 
24-6;  eye  small,  5|  in  head;  snout  rather  acute,  2^  in  head.  Body  rather 
elongate,  tho  form  subelliptieal  in  the  young,  becoming  deep  with  age,  a 
great  deshy  hump  on  the  ibrehead  in  old  iiulividuals.  Jaws  small,  with 
smooth  edges,  whitish  in  the  adult,  rosy  in  tho  young;  no  posterior  canine 
teeth;  upper  lip  covering  about  ^  of  upper  jaw;  cheek  with  2  rows  of 
scales,  the  scales  of  the  upper  row  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  those  of  the  lower ; 
below  the  lower  part  is  a  partisil  row  of  2  scales;  6  scales  on  median  line 
of  back  before  dorsal.  Pectoral  not  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals;  origin 
of  ventral  spine  under  po.sterior  end  of  pectoral  base;  veutrala  reat^hing 
midway  between  base  of  lius  and  front  of  anal;  caudal  slightly  rounded ; 


Jordan  and  Kvcrma^in. — Fishes  of  North  Ameriai, 


105.'] 


w'mm  Hpn-ad  o[>cn  its  outer  rays  a  little  produced,  1*  iu  head,  in  young  of 
;i  tout  ill  length,  said  to  bu  niuuh  l(>ng<;r  in  adult.  Adult  deep  unilonn  )dn(^; 
partly  grown  specinunis  ( from  llavauii)  Itright  sky  hint- everywhere  ;  some 
lirown  on  upper  scales;  lower  lip  reddish  brown,  edged  with  blue;  lins 
blue,  with  some  brown;  teeth  pale  reddish.  Young  (1  inches;  Key  West) 
lii^ht,  livid  Iduo  gray,  tinged  with  brownish  on  l»ack,  «|uite  lilnish  below; 
vellowish  olive  on  top  of  head,  but  no  sharp  markings  anywhere  except 
((II  tins;  jaws  rather  bright  Mesh  red,  the  snout  bluish;  teeth  pale;  dorsal 
<'dged  with  bright  blue,  below  this  dull  orange,  its  base  livid;  caudal 
ifiiiyish,  faintly  banded  with  (dive,  its  upper  and  lower  edges  bright  bliu-; 
anal  llesh  ccdor,  edged  with  light  blue,  ventrals  greenisli-blue,  fading  on 
last  rays;  pectorals  Hesh  color;  axil  light  blue.  Color  in  spirits,  greenish 
idive  above,  pale  below;  dorsal  dusky;  caudal  and  anal  grayish;  tins 
otherwise  pale. 
Large  examples  from  Jamaica  have  the  following  colors: 
Hody  nltaniarine  Itlm^;  lins  blue,  dorsal  edged  with  darker  blue,  the 
iMend)rane  of  spinous  dorsal  blackish  at  base;  asky-l>lue  biindfromeve  to 
,md  across  each  lip;  a  pale  band  below  it  on  under  lip,  a  narrow  pale 
edging  above;  pectoral  with  base  and  upp«)r  ray  blue,  rest  of  tin  pah-; 
anal  deep  blue,  blackish  at  base;  vt^ntrals  blue,  the  last  rays  paler; 
caudal  deej)  blue,  the  <mter  rays  darker,  posterior  (Mlge  pale;  teeth  i»ale. 
Specimens  about  6  inches  bmg  have  the  back  yellow,  scales  (»n  sides  yel- 
low with  green  «'dges;  belly  nearly  uniform  greenish;  outer  rays  of  caudal 
deep  green,  middbi  rays  paler;  dorsal  yellow,  edged  with  green;  anal 
pale  yellowish,  edged  with  green;  pectorals  nearly  (•«>lorles8,  slightly 
orange  at  lip;  ventrals  greenish. 

Length  t>f  example  described  from  Havana,  lOi  inches.  The  species 
reaches  a  length  of  2  or  3  feet.  West  Indies ;  generally  common ;  straying 
northward  along  the  coast  of  the  United  States;  taken  in  abundance  in 
pound  uets  oft"  >St.  Gettrge  Island,  Maryland,  about  12  ndles  from  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  in  August,  1894,  some  speciuKsns  weighing  12  pounds  (Dr. 
Hugh  M.  Smith.)*  Abundant  about  Key  West  and  in  the  Bermudas.  In 
the  adult  (obiuaas)  a  great  lleshy  hump  is  deveh'pt^d  on  the  forehead  and 
the  lobes  of  the  caudal  become  much  produced  as  iu  J'sei  ioscarna  tjau- 
ramia.     {ccvrtileua,  blue.) 

.Vo«acMteceerMZea(thoBlii<fiMli),  <;A'rKSiiv,  Nut.  Hist.  (''nroHuii,  eU;.,  18,  pi.  18, 1743,  Bahamas. 
Liiro,  Pakra,  DoBcr.  Dil.  I'ieziis  Jlist.  Nat.,  57,  pi.  2!,  flg.  1,  1787,  Cuba. 
Tromj'a,  I'ARRA,  I.  c,  tifj.  2. 

Conjphivna  ercrulca,  JJumjh,  AiiHliiiuliHchu   Fi.scho,  n,  i;jO,  pi.  176,  1780,  in  piirt;    ufWv 
C'atl    '.y  and  a  flgiiro  of  Auukiet,  altered  from  a  figure  by  I'lumieu. 

*Dr.  Smith  writes  as  follows  under  date  of  October  13,  1894:  "I  am  now  able  to  fiiruisli 
NcMiio  additi  lal  data  on  the  parrot-fish.  I  have  interviewed  2  centleinen  who  saw  the 
lish  when  lir.st  taken,  and  now  jireseut  their  description  of  the  colors:  The  back  was  very 
(lark  greenish  blue,  which  color  extended  from  the  upper  part  of  the  beak  to  the  base  of 
ilie  tidl;  this  shaded  otf  on  the  sides  of  the  body  to  a  light  blue;  the  under  parta,  includ- 
iuf;  the  mandible,  were  white;  the  fins  were  very  dark  green  or  blue,  almost  black;  these 
colors  apply  to  a  specimen  weighing  8  pounds.  Thinking  that  it  these  fish  were  found  in 
I  ho  Potomilc  River  they  would  also  probably  be  taken  in  tbe  Chesapeake,  I  wrote  to  a  well- 
informed  fisherman  anil  fish  dealer  at  Ope  Cluvries  City,  Virginia,  inclosing  a  figui-e  of  a 
j)arrot-tt8h  jind  asking  whether  any  had  been  caught  this  year.  He  replied  that  a  few  fish 
resembling  the  figure  and  my  description  were  obtained  in  pound  nets  between  C!ii)o 
(,"harles  and  Hungers  Creek  in  August  and  September.  He  learned  of  6  to  10  of  these 
'  new '  fish  taken  noiu  time  to  time,  seldom  more  than  1  at  a  lift.'' 


if 


t 


"■'-,»     .^ 
/^:' 


i 


«l 


1654  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Musctim. 


Hoaru*  loin,  IIlo<'H  A  Schnkiukk,  Systciiiu  Iilitlijol.,  288,  1801 ;  after  Ijoro  of  1'akua. 
Searut  IrilobaUm,  La<'KI'K1>k,  Hint.  Nat.  I'oiHH.,  iv,  21,  1803,  Martinique;  on  ii  druwin;;  li\- 
I'l.r.MIEU. 

)  Seanii  hnloci/nneoii,  I.aci.i'Khk,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oims.,  iv,  45,  1803,  Martinique ;  on  a  cii|>y  l,y 
Ai'itiiiKT  (il'a  drawing  of  J'l.i'MiKii;  tlm  copy  colort-d  ontii-dy  bliio  in  order  to  rr|H(. 
Hont  this  Hpocit'H;  the  orij;inal  drawin;;  probalily  intunilxd  for  Sjiariioma  chvyKuj,. 
tenini;  tlio  Hanio  copy  l)y  Ai'iikirt,  the  original  of  Hi.och's  engravinn  of  Sennit 
ccenileuB. 

Seanm  ohliiiun,  I'oKV,  Mcniorian,  ii.  217,  1800,  Cuba;  adult. 

iScanig  niicliaUii,  I'onv,  Mt'iiioriaH,  ii,  220,  1800,  Cuba;  yoiin;;. 

Pj««M«lo«<!((n(«  c/itori«,  (rCiNTiiKii,  Cat.,  IV,  227, 1802;  not  Scams  clduris  lii.ocii  \-  Schneidkh. 

Scaruii  aeruleuH,  IJux'H  \-  S("IINEII>kii,  Syntcina  Ichtliyol.,  288,  1801  ;  alter  (^atk.kuv,  ninl 
Trouipa  of  I'akbA;  Cuvikii  \  Vai.knciknnes,  Hi»t.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  .\iv,  18(1,  18:m;  ,Ioi: 
dan  \.  Swain,  I'roe.  V.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1884,  85;  Johdan,  I'roc.  l.  S   Nat.  Muh.  1884,  i:i7 
Jorijan,  I.  c,  1886,  48  i  JouDA.N,  Keview  Labroid  Kislio.s.  C80,  1800. 

Piieudo»carii»  cnntleiit,  GCntiier,  Cat.,  IV,  227,  1862;  Giiohenot,  Scarides,  Miis.  I'aiis 
(Proo.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  (Jherliourg),  18H,">,  24 ;  I'oEV,  IJeitertorio,  i,  :i7;t,  1867 ;  I'oEV,  Synoji 
sis,  :M8.  1868;  GooDK,  Hull.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  v,  33,  1876. 

rKeudogcarvg  nuchalis,  PoEV,  Synoi»nis,  348;  Poev,  Kniinieratiu,  117. 

I'teudoscarut  obtutuH,  Poey,  Synopais,  349;  Poev,  Knunicratio,  117 


M 


2070.  KOAKIJS  KMKIiKMATICrs,  Jordan  &.  lliitter. 

Head  3;  doptli  3^;  eye  IJ  in  head.  D.  TX,  10;  A.  Ill,  9;  scales  3-21-5. 
Dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  regnlarly  and  similarly  curved,  body  hii^licst 
over  pectorals;  nostril  in  front  of  eye,  close  toj^etlier,  very  small,  scarcely 
larojer  than  some  of  the  numerous  pores  which  sni  round  the  eye,  the  an- 
terior round,  with  a  circular  marginal  valve,  the  posterior  oblong,  with  ;i 
valve  on  lower  side;  eye  lij  in  snout,  low,  a  lino  drawn  from  corner  ol' 
mouth  to  angle  of  opercle  passing  along  lower  edge  of  orbit;  jaws  project- 
ing, the  upi)er  without  canines;  cheek  with  only  2  rows  of  scales;  origin 
of  dorsal  iiud  root  of  pectoral  in  the  .same  vertical,  which  is  anterior  to  ti]) 
of  operclt!;  tips  of  last  dorsal  and  anal  laya  reach  base  of  rudimentary 
<-audal  rays;  caudal  truncate,  slightly  rounded  when  the;  fin  is  spread. 
Hack  dusky  olive,  a  pale  yellowish  streak  from  upper  side  of  eye  to  upper 
base  of  caudal,  below  this  a  band  similar  in  color  to  the  back  extends 
from  eye  to  caudal,  sides  below  pale  Avith  an  indi.stinct  dusky  streak  from 
above  pectoral  to  caudal ;  a  horizontal  green  stripe  from  upper  end  of  gill 
opening  forward  through  uppt^r  edge  of  eye  and  across  top  of  snout; 
another  parallel  with  this  from  gill  oi)ening  through  lower  edge  of  eye 
and  around  upper  lii>;  lower  lip  white,  edged  with  green,  a  green  band 
across  chin,  and  a  pair  of  indistinct  green  blotches  on  throat;  breast 
washed  with  green;  base  and  edge  of  dorsal  and  anal  green,  a  broad 
white  stripe  through  the  middle  of  each;  upi)er  and  lower  rays  of  caudal 
white,  tipped  with  orange,  edged  on  each  side  with  grtu'ii,  the  middle  rays 
pale  dusky  green,  paler  at  base;  pectorals  and  ventrals  white,  the  former 
not  dusky  at  base;  teeth  white.  This  species  is  most  nearly  related  to 
Scants  cwrnleus,  but  differing  decidedly  in  the  c(dor  markings.  The  abov(^ 
description  is  oased  on  a  single  specimen  6  inches  long.  .Jamaica;  only 
the  type  known.     {! n/iXvmxriK6<^,  banner-like.) 

Scartw  emhlematicus,  Joudan  it  Uutteh,  Vislies  in  Jamaica,  in  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila. 
1897, 122,  Jamaica.     (Type  in  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.    Coll.  J.  S.  Roberts.) 


M' 


Jordan  and  Evcrniann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1055 


650.  PSEUDOSCARUS,  m««!ker. 


(CillACAMAIAS,) 

I'snidoHeaniii,  IH.BKKKK,  Vi«inl.  Akiul.  Wet.  Aiimtordimi,  Scaroiilrii,  xii,  IKOl,  a  {micror 

rliinos).' 
I.uro,  .loitDAN  \,  EvKKMANN,  C'lieck-Lisl  Fislion,  41H,  IH'Jti  {(jmicdmaia). 

This  genus  differs  from  SvariiH,  as  hero  uuderHtouil,  cliieJly  in  the  dooji 
i;reou  or  blue  cohjr  of  its  higlily  uioditied  Jaws  and  teeth.  Tlu*  species  are 
mostly  of  large  size  and  robust  form.     {t(>evd)f(;,  false;  dxiX/joi,  Soarim.) 

I'sECD08CAKl-8: 

a.  Uppor  Jaw  with  c.iiiinoH;  cniulr.l  fin  with  aiigloa  mticli  ex8ort<!(l,  eHpucinlly  in  I  ho 
.i<1nlt;  soft  dorsal  ami  anal  endini;  in  puiuts;  '2J  iow«  of  .srales  on  chock. 
b.  Upper  Jaw  usually  with  I  posterior  cauino.    Ccdor  hrij{Iit  l)ln»',  tlio  edges  of  the 
acales  hrownish :  tins  dark  brown,  with  jireen  upon  the  oxtornal  border  of 
the  ventrals,  which  are  long  and  ])ointcd ;  forelteud  with  a  tleshy  hump  in 
the  adult. 
(!.  Tubes  of  the  lateral  lino  considerably  branched.  ('(KMOstinus,  2071. 

cc.  Tubes  of  the  lateral  lino  not  branched.  si.tu'LEX,  2072. 

bb.  Upper, jaw  with  from  3  to  6  posterior  canines;  ,jaws  very  convex.  Color  green 
under  pectoral,  .and  along  the  side  and  posterior  jmrt  of  the  body;  head, 
anterior  and  up])er  part  of  the  back,  and  lielly  grayish  yellow;  dorsal  and 
anal  brown,  spotted  with  green  along  their  bases;  pectorals  and  ventrals 
tinted  with  green ;  caudal  grayish  yellow.    Size  large.  i'LEiANUS,  2073. 

I.oKO  {loro,  parrot) : 
aa.  Upper  Jaw  without  ]>08torior  canines;  teeth  deep  blue  green.     Size  large. 

d.  Caudal  deejily  notched,  the  angles  much  produced  in  the  aduli  (the  tin  trun- 
cate or  rounded  in  the  young) ;  body  moderatt^ly  elongate;  depth  2J  to  3  iu 
length;  cheek  with  2.J  rows  of  s<:ale8,  those  of  the  u]>per  row  larger  than 
those  of  the  second,  1  scale  below  the  second  row.  Color  olive  green, 
with  more  or  leas  ill-defined  green  markings  on  head ;  lower  parts  more  or 
less  reddish ;  vertical  fins  brownish  orange,  all  edged  with  deep  blue. 

GUACAMAIA,  2074. 

dd.  Caudal  roupded,  the  angles  not  produced;  body  robust,  the  depth  in  adult  2,! 
in  length;  cheek  with  2  rows  of  scales,  the  lower  of  4,  the  upper  of  5 
scales;  lower  limb  of  preoi)ercle  wholly  naked  Color  light  brownish, 
with  some  greenish  shading  on  sides  aiul  bluish  green  on  caudal  peduncle ; 
flna  all  bright  Idue;  snout  and  forehead  bluish;  orbits  surrounded  by 
radiating  dots  and  dashes  of  green.  rEBBico,  2075. 


I-  s 


Subgenus  PSEUDOSCARUS. 
2071.    PSEUDOSCARUS  CffiLESTIXUS  (Cuvier  &  Valenciennes). 

(LOKO.) 

Jaws  large,  their  edges  marked  with  strong  dentionlations,  upper  Jaw 
blue  on  its  edge  only,  lower  almost  entirely  blue;  upper  Jaw  usually  with 
1  posterior  canine ;  caudal  fin  with  angles  much  exserted,  especially  in  the 
adult;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  ending  in  points;  2^  rows  of  scales  on  cheek ; 
tubes  of  the  lateral  line  Aery  much  branched.  Color  bright  blue,  the 
edges  of  the  scales  brownish;  iius  dark  brown,  with  green  upon  the 


*  Pseudotcarus  mierorrhinot,  the  first  species  mentioned  by  Bleeker  under  Pseudoicarus, 
must,  in  accordance  with  Bleeker's  custom,  be  regarded  as  the  type  of  the  genus. 


r" 

■ 

1 

• 

4 

i 

I,' 

166C  Bulletin  4'jy  United  Sfatcs  National  Museum. 


extorual  border  of  tho  veiitralH,  which  are  long  and  ])oint(Ml;  Ibiehcad 
with  a  llualiy  hiiiii|>  iii  tlio  adult.  W*-Ht  IndiiiH;  ])rol)ahly  not  raru,  roacli- 
iug  a  large  si/e;  ro^orded  l»y  I'oey  from  Havana,  and  from  St.  ThoniaH  liy 
rioe;  known  to  us  only  from  the  t^xiimination  of  the  original  typo,  a  dried 
skin  in  tho  muHeum  at  I'ariH.     (vwhatinua,  heavenly  (blue).) 

Scaru* c<vle»(inn»,* Cvvi«H  &  Valknciennkh,  lliHt.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  xiv,  180, 1839,  St. Thomas. 

.I()iii>.\>,  I'riw.  U.S.  Nnt.  Miis.  1880,  543  (iioto  on  (nigiiiiil  tvpf);    .Joudan,   itcvitw 

Litbroid  Fishes,  087,  IKUO. 
Pneniltiscitnta  cwlestinun,  Guiciienot,  Strariilrs,  22,  1865  (iimIii  uii  iy]io) ;   I'oky,  .Synoiwio, 

341),  1868;  VoEX,  Eiianioriitio,  118,  1875. 

2072.     1>SI:IT»0N(:AIUIS  SIMIM.KX,  I'ik^v. 


\l'. 


Iii 


■J-jV^c 


Huout  pointed;  jawu  largo,  blue,  with  coarso  crennlatious;  tubes  of 
the  lateral  lino  witliout  branches.  (!olor  entirely  blue.  I^ength  3  feet. 
Cuba.  (Poey);  not  Hcen  by  us;  apparently  dilVoring  from  I'HemloHvaruH 
firhstiniia  only  in  the  simple  tubes  of  the  lateral  line,     {simples,  simple  ) 

r»e%uloacani*  timpkx,  Toky,  K<'i)ertori(>,  i,  185,  1867,  Havana;  I'oEV,  SynopHiM,  340, 180)8; 

I'OBV,  Kiiiiiiieratio,  118,  1875. 
tScania  thnj'lex,  JonuAN,  Keviuw  Labioiil  Fisliea,  687,  1890. 

2078.    PSEIJDONCAUIIS  PLRIAM'S  (I'ooy). 

IJody  oblong  oval;  Jaws  large,  very  convex,  the  crenulations  large  and 
round;  iipi)er  part  of  tho  Jaws  blue;  upper  Jaw  with  from  ;{  to  (J  ]»o8terior 
canines  (3  on  one  side  in  type,  5  or  6  on  the  other);  cheek  Avith  2^  rows 
of  scales.  Color  red,  shaded  with  blue  and  green;  green  under  jjcctoral, 
iind  along  the  side  and  posterior  part  of  the  bo«ly;  head,  anterior  and 
upper  part  of  the  back,  and  belly  grayish  yellow;  dorsal  and  anal  brown, 
si)ottod  Avith  green  along  tlu'ir  bases;  pectorals  and  ventrals  tinted  with 
green;  caudal  grayish  yellow.  Size  large.  St.  Thomas.  Only  the  type, 
a  very  large  dried  skin,  known ;  not  .noen  by  ua.  It  is  evident  that  Scarim 
gtiaoamaia  Cuvier  cV  Valenciennes,  the  "Grand  Scare  aux  niachiores  bleus," 
with  3  to  6  posterior  canines,  can  not  be  the  original  Scanis  guacamaia  of 
Cuvier,  Avhich  has  no  canines  at  all.  No  writer  has  examined  any  other 
specimens  referable  to  the  guavamaia  of  Valemtienncs,  but  Poey  has  given 
to  these  descriptions  the  nanw  Scarua  2yleianua,  which  the  Hpecics  must  keep 
if  it  be  leally  valid.  (Named  for  M.  ri(3o,  who  collected  for  Cuvier  in  the 
AVest  Indies.) 

Scarus  guacamaia,  CuviEU  &.  Valenciennes,  Uiat.  Nat.  ToisH.,  xiv,  178, 1839,  St.  Thomas. 

(Coll.  rioo.) 
PteudoDcarnt  gttacamaia,  Ouichknot,  Scaridi's,  21,  1865  (uoto  on  typo);  not  Searnt  i/iiu- 

camaia,  Cuvier. 
Seams  pleianiin,  PoEV,  Momorias,  ii,  393,  1801,  St,  Thomas  ;  1m.soil  on  Scarus  gxiacamaia, 

Cuvier  &  Valenciennes;  Jordan,  Review  Labroid  Fishes,  687,  1890. 


*\Ve  have  the  following  note  on  the  type  of  Scarus  cwlentlnux:  "A  large  stnlfed  skin, 
0.60  ni.  long,  from  St.  Tlionias.  (Pli'ie.)  '  Color  now  i)lain  dusky  (perliaps  blue  in  life) ; 
teeth  apparent! V  dark  green;  foreliead  fat;  a  single  canine  on  rignt  side  of  upper  jaw, 
none  on  left;  clioek  with  2J  rows  of  scales;  7  scales  before  doi'siu;  caudal  rounded,  bill 
with  the  outer  rajs  much  produced,  about  ^  their  length  being  exserted ;  next  the  last  rays 
of  dorsal  and  anal  similarly  prolonged  iiitoapoint;  ventrals  long,  pointed;  form  rather 
robust;  head -3 J;  depth 3^." 


m 

Mr 


Jordan  and  fivcnuann. — Fishes  of  North  Amctica.      1057 


Subgenus  LORO,  Jordiiii  .V  Kvornmnii. 
2071.  rsi:iJI>OK(  Altl!N  (M  ACANAIA  (('iivior). 

((il'ACAMAIA;   (iliKKN    rAUUol-Klsll.; 

lload  3  to  :)|  in  Icngtli  to  buHe  of  caudiil;  dopth  2'f  to  S]! ;  oyo  Hniiill,  <> 
ill  head;  Hiioiit  uot  vory  obtuse,  2ji  ii»  hoad.  J).  IX,  10;  A.  II,  !•;  scuihis 
L'  -21-6.  Uody  HKtderatrly  elongate;  no  t'nuiiio  teotli ;  upper  li|)  covering 
iiioro  than  i  of  wurface  of  uppei' jaw.  Choolt  with  2  rows  of  Hcales  of  5  or 
i;  in  each  row,  those  of  the  upper  row  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  those  of 
the  lower;  a  single  scale  )»elow  the  lower  row;  Oor  7  senlos  on  median  lino 
liiforo  dorsal,  I'ectorals  reaching  just  past  tips  of  ventrals;  origin  of 
ventral  spine  below  the  middle  of  pectoral  base;  caudal  rounded  when 
sjjicad  open,  its  angles  slightly  i)roduccd,  its  outer  rays  (in  speeiniens  S 
iiiciies  long)  A  in  head.  In  adults  the  outer  rays  are  longer  in  ])roi)ortion, 
mid  in  very  old  examples,  none  of  which  has  been  seen  by  us,  they  are 
Haid  to  be  greatly  produced.  Color  in  life,  of  specimens  of  niodenito  size, 
olive  green,  each  scale  edged  Avith  clear  brown,  its  middle,  especially 
aliove,  bright  verdigris  green;  sides  of  ho.ad  brownish  gray;  belly  white, 
tinged  with  brown;  a  bright  green  stripe  from  eye  nrouiul  snout,  another 
fi  oni  eye  to  eye  above,  another  undulating  stripe  below  eye ;  several  green 
spots  and  dashes  behind  eye;  upper  lip  reddish;  jaws  deep  bluish  green, 
tile  color  not  fading  in  spirits;  teeth  deep  greenish  blue;  vortical  fins  all 
lirownish  red,  verging  on  orange  above,  their  edges,  including  sides  and 
tips  of  caudal,  all  bright  greenish  blue;  ventral  llesh  color,  tinged  with 
orange,  its  anterior  edge  gre<'nish  blue;  pectoral  very  pale  reddish,  the 
lirst  and  last  rays  light  blue;  a  greenish  dot  at  the  base  of  each  membrane 
of  dorsal  and  anal;  axil  reddish.  Older  individuals  similar  in  color,  luit 
with  the  head  more  pinkish  and  its  markings  more  diffuse.  In  spirits,  the 
gieen  stripes  and  spots  on  head  become  fainter  and  the  red  of  u])per  lip 
and  axil  and  the  orange  of  iins  fade.  Length  of  the  cxam[de  here  described 
I'roni  Key  West,  7.V  inches.  The  species  roaches  a  length  of  2  or  3  feet. 
West  Indies,  north  to  the  Florida  Keys,  south  to  Kio  do  .Janeiro;  every- 
where common.  This  species  is  abundant  about  rocks  at  K«?y  West,  and 
is  also  not  uncommon  in  the  Hav.-ina  m.arkot,  where  it  is  known  still  as 
(Inacamaia.  Our  iish  is  certainly  the  (liiacamaia  of  I'arra,  on  which,  as  the 
[iriuted  record  shows,  tho  Scarua  (inacamaia  of  ('uvier  was  based.  The 
s|iecimen  in  Cuvier's  possession,  afterwards  described  by  Vfilenciennes 
under  the  name  Scams  f/uacamaia,  has  canines  in  the  upper  jaw,  and  must 
liohmg  to  a  distinct  and  (to  ns)  unknown  species,  to  whiih  I'oey  has  given 
th(bMiuiie  Scarua  pleianu8.  We  have  seen  no  specimens  a  yard  in  length, 
as  mentioned  by  Parra,  nor  h.ave  we  seen  any  with  tho  caudal  lobc^s  pro- 
longed to  the  extent  shown  in  his  figures.  None  of  our  specimens,  young 
or  old,  show  traces  of  canines.  We  have  examined  tho  typo  of  Scanis 
turcheaiua  *  in  I'aris.     It  seems  to  be  the  same  as  I'aendoacarua  (fuacamaia. 


"  Tho  ty^eo!  Scams  turche$iiii  is  thus  deaoribed  by  Guichoiiot:  "  "Fmui  of  Pseudosearus 
ridestinus:  Jaws  finely  crenulato  on  tlio  odce,  otlierwiso  sinootli :  no  posterior  canines; 
'1  rows  of  scales  on  cheeks;  caudiil  rounded,  its  angles  little  jji-odiiced.  Color  dark  $;r«eii, 
palor  on  sides,  rosy  below ;  green  areas  on  membranes  of  dorsal,  of  wliich  the  edge  is 

3030 27 


• 


Iv' ■  :* 


IfifiS  nullclin  ^7,  United  States  National  Musemn. 


Poi'y'H  Si-aniH  ronltuitun  "  sotMim  to  be  Imned  «»ii  youiij;  e\niii]>l<>8  with  rutin  r 
Hharpor  snout  tliaii  UHiial.  (fimionmaia,  Spnuisli  iiaiiu*  of  a  lar^o  parrot 
with  very  thick  JawH.) 

(htaeamaia,  rAiiKA,  DcHtr.  Dlf.  Pl«>ia«  Hist.  Nat.,  p.  r^,  pi.  20, 1787,  Cuba. 

Searu»  iimtcamaia,  (^'rviKit,  U<'';;iio  Animal,  Kd.  ii,  Vol.  2, 205,  lti2l);  nodcHcriiitinii;  haHi'tl.iii 

I'AKiiA;  not  Si'aniii  yvacamaia,  CvvwAi  \  Vai.kncik.nnes      Scarvi  }>leiaini»,  \'<>\\, 

.InuDAN  &•  (iiLiiKur,  SynopHis,  !»3H,  1883;  Bean,  Hull.  V.  S.  Flnh  Coin.  1888,  1!)8. 
Seartit  tu>ch<»iuii,  Cuviek  .t  Vam-'.nciknnks,  IliHt.  Nat.  IN.Ihm.,  xiv,  181, 18119, Porto  liit,.; 

(iuiciiENOT,  Scaridt'^H,  23,  1805  (note  ou  type);  JouDAN, Prou.  U.  S. Nat  Mas,  1880,, Ji::; 

noto  on  original  typo. 
iScarus  ronlratvg,  Poky,  MemoriaH,  ii,  221, 1800,  Havana. 

rxnidoxcanis  roxtrattm,  PoKV,  SynopHin,  349, 1H08 ;  Poky,  (Cniinicratio,  118, 1875. 
J'xfi((h.<icani8  tiirchcmu*,  Poky,  KejuTtorio  i,  317,  1801;  PoEY,  Synopsis,  348,  1808;  Pok.v, 

Fauna  Puerto  Riqiu-ria,  337, 1875. 
I'nemlonearua  gvaeamaia,  GCnthkh,  Cat. ,  iv,  233;  PoEY,  Synopsis,  348,  403, 1808. 
llemiKtoma  yuiicamaia,  Joiidan  &.  Gimjeht,  Synopsis,  007, 1883. 
l<carva  guaeajtiaia,  Jordan  \  Swain,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1884,  84;  Johdan,  I.  c,  i:;7; 

Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1880, 48  j  Jordan,  Itovlew  Labroid  FishoB,  088, 1890. 

2075.  PSKI;I)OS«:AK|;s  PKRRirO  (Jordan  &,  Gilbert). 

(Pkrrico.) 

Head  3  in  lenj,'th ;  dcptli  2 !, .  D.  IX,  10 ;  A.  II,  9 ;  scales  21 .  Hody  rolmat, 
deep,  compressed;  top  of  hciid  with  a  large  adipose  hump.  No  pointed 
teeth  at  anglo  of  mouth;  upper  lip  covering  about  i  the  surface  of  thu 
upper  dcntary  jdatc ;  lower  lip  covering  base  only  of  lower  dcntary  plate. 
Cheek  with  2  rows  of  scales,  the  lower  of  4,  the  upper  of  .5;  lower  liiuli 
of  preoperclo  wholly  naked.  Caudal  fin  somewhat  rounded,  its  lobes 
not  produced;  pectoral  fiii  J  length  of  head,  reaching  to  tips  of  ventrals; 
ventrals  inserted  under  front  of  p«'ctoral8.  Coloration  in  life,  light 
brownish,  with  some  greenish  shadings  on  sides  and  bluish  green  on 
caudal  peduncle;  fins  all  bright  blue;  snout  and  forehead  bluish;  orbits 
surrounded  by  radiating  dots  and  dashes  of  green;  teeth  green.  In 
spirits,  a  yellowish  area  below  and  in  front  of  eye;  upper  edge  of  dorsal 
and  lower  edges  of  caudal,  anal,  and  ventrals  yellowish,  as  is  the  lower 
side  of  the  head.  Pacific  coast  of  Mexico;  known  from  Mazatlan,  La 
Paz,  and  the  Venados  Islands.  A  large  species  common  in  the  rocks  about 
Mazatlan.  It  is  seldom  caught,  and  is  not  eaten.  The  type  here  described 
is  23  inches  in  length.  It  is  remarkable  tliat  this  single  species  and  Calo- 
/o/»  1(8  xeMO(7on  are  the  only  Scaroid  fishes  yet  described  from  the  eastern 
Pacific,     {pvrrieo,  a  Spanish  word  for  parrot). 


dark  green  or  blue,  as  is  that  of  anal  and  that  of  caudal  between  the  points;  pectoral.-' 
and  ventrals  yellow,  tlio  latter  tinged  with  green  toward  the  edges.  Typo,  a  dried  skin. 
not  fully  grown,  from  Porto  Rico." 

On  the  sanm  specimen  examined  by  us  in  Pari.s  we  have  the  following  note:  ",S'c«i"* 
tvrchesivs.  (Cuv.  &Val.,  xiv,  181.)  A  dried  skin,  0.40  m.  long,  from  Porto  Rico.  (Plcci 
Color  faded  to  a  plain  brown,  paler  than  in  S.  caelettinun ;  no  canines.  Forehead  not  vei  \ 
fleshy  (young) ;  raudnl  with  its  hibos  exserted  for  J  to  J  their  length;  dorsal,  anal,  iinil 
ventrals  less  produced  than  in  the  type  of  Hvarug  copletti^ius ;  scales  on  cheek  in  2  ro«  s: 
head  3§  in  length ;  depth  3J ;  teeth  fadtKl,  but  still  iiartly  green." 

*Poey  describes  Pgeudotcarus  rottratiis  as  brownish  blue,  with  ultramarine  blue  on  tlic 
liead  and  margins  of  dorsal,  anal,  and  ventral;  teeth  blue,  size  rather  small.  Accordiiii; 
to  him  I'stmdoscarus  turclie/tiun  differs  from  I',  rostratvs  in  having  the  ^jaws  less  teriniiml 
and  the  head  uniforinly  colored;  posterior  part  of  caudal  bordered  with  blue,  as  is  tiio 
dorsal  and  anal. 


:iii 


Jordan  and  F.virmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1059 


Sranit  jifrn'co,  . I oBDAN  &  Oii.iikkt,  IVdc.  1'.  S.  Xiit.  Afiiw.  1881,  3r»7,  Mazatlan  ('I'yiie,  No. 

'J8;t28.     Coll.  (".  H.iJilberl);  .loKliAN,  Ucvltiw  l.iihroiil  KislicH,  tWH,  1H9(). 
Scanit  iirrrico,  JoKUAN,  FinlicmiC  Siiiulon,  in  I'loi.  ("iil.  Ac.  Sci.  1806,  483. 

Gnmp  ZEOIDKA. 

ThiH  (froiip  contaiiiH  thu  Hinj^le  fuinily  Xridw,  IIh  rclatioiiHliipH  iiro 
iiiicertniii,  th<'  arumtiirc  and  thr  inrntaHrd  niinilK^r  of  tht^  voiitrnl  layH 
indicating  relatioiiHliip  to  tlio  Uivyviilw,  wliilti  th«  uttachnu'iit  cd'  the  poHt- 
tcuiporal  tu  tbo  skull  BiiK;>:eHtH  atlliuity  with  the  I'cuthidiiUv. 

Family  CLXII.  ZKID/E. 

(The  .John  Doriks.) 

Mody  short,  deep,  much  <"ompreH8«d  and  elevated,  naked  or  covered 
w  ith  minute  smooth  si-ales.  or  with  l»ony  jtrotuberances.  Mouth  lar«j;e, 
terminal,  the  upper  jaw  i)rotra(tile.  Teeth  small,  in  narrow  bands  or 
singl)^  series  on  the  Jaws  and  vomer  and  sometimes  on  the  palatines. 
ilycs  lateral,  plared  high;  operch'  much  reduced;  some  of  the  bonrs  of 
head  usually  with  spines;  pn-opercle  not  serrate.  Post-temporal  very 
liiinly  attached  to  the  skull;  lower  linili  a<Inate  for  its  whole  length; 
tlie  distal  end  only  of  its  ui)per  limb  is  attached.  The  supra-elavicio 
^liort  and  triangular,  bearing  a  short  spine  near  its  anterior  angle,  its 
posterior  edge  divided  into  3  spines,  '2  or  3  of  which  stand  out  aliove 
the  surface  of  the  skin.  Ventral  edge  often  serrate,  with  strong  bony 
])lates.  liateral  lino  well  <leveloped,  concurrent  with  the  back.  Hranchi- 
ostcgals  7  or  X.  Gill  openings  wide,  the  membranes  little  united,  free 
from  the  isthmus.  Pseudobranchia'  large.  Air  bladder  largo,  (iill  rakers 
usually  short;  gills  I,  a  slit  behind  the  fourth.  Dorsal  fin  euiarginate  or 
divided,  the  anterior  part  with  spines,  which  are  often  strong,  the  pos- 
terior i)iirt  longer,  its  highest  rays  behind  the  mitldle;  soft  anal  entirely 
similar  \o  soft  dorsal,  usually  jireceded  by  1  to  t  spines  which  are  not 
graduated  and  which  often  form  a  separate,  fin;  ventral  fins  thoracic, 
well  developed,  their  rays  usually  I,  (5  to  I,  8;*  pe<'torals  small;  caudal 
tin  rounded,  on  a  moderate  piMluncle.  Lateral  line  obscure,  unarmed. 
Pyloric  ca'ca  exceedingly  numerous,  ^'ertebrie  about  32  (Zcm.-*).  (jieuera 
S;  species  about  15;  fishes  of  singular  appearance,  iidiabiting  warm  seas, 
often  at  considerable  depth.  The  species  undergo  great  changes  in  the 
course  of  development.  The  ".John  Dory"  {Zens  J'alnr)  is  a  wt.'Il-known 
food-fish  of  southern  Europe.  The  relations  of  this  family  are  not  evi- 
dent, and  it  should  form  a  distinct  group  or  superfamily.  The  increased 
number  of  ventral  rays  and  the  armature  of  the  belly  suggest  relationship 
withthi^  Herycoids;  the  adnate  post- temporal  suggests  thu  Clnetodonts. 
\ot  having  any  better  arrangement  to  suggest,  we  leave  the  Zeidiv  in 
association  with  the  Chivtodontidw,  removing  them  from  the  neighborhood 
of  the  Scombroid  forms,  to  which  they  bear  only  the  most  superficial  resem- 


'  Said  to  be  I,  5  iu  Oreotoma,  which  may  he  an  error  in  counting. 


i 


1000  liullclin^y,  I7nilcd  Stales  National  Museum. 


Iilttiico.       (Sfomhrulir,    j;""''"!*   VtilUna,    (tiiiithor,   Vni,,   II,   IMKKHMi,    lX(i(ij 
Cilttidit;  Oiliithor,  Iiitr.  Study  FIhIi.,  ino,  1«8I.) 

a.  PorMiil  Hplnt'H  very  Htroii);,  iiioroor  Insa  (niiinontoitH;  niiiil  h|iIiicm  .'lor  4.     KoiiyMiiliKiii 
|iliitt'H  |)r<'H<iiil  iiloiii;  ItiiHi'H  III'  viM'tiral  IIiih  hiiiI  Ix'twoi'ii  vimiI iiiIs  niitl  aiiiil. 
h.  Aiiiil  HpliifK  ;i;  liolli  iloi'HuU  Willi  atroiit;  bony  M|>iii<iiiH  pliilcM  nt  hum-,  vi-ni' i| 
niyM  1,  tl  or  I,  7.  /KNopmim,  (.,,i. 

CV'ITIN/K: 
aa.  DurHkl  H|iini'H  low;  anal  H|iiiit'M  1  or  >;  vcrtit'ol  iiIuIch  lltllo  il«\(t|o;  cil. 

c.  Itoily  willioiit  lar^o  lioiiy  |ilal«>M  or  wa<tH,  tlntHkiii  covori'd  willi  Hiuall  nraliH; 

liaMo  of  (liirMal  ami  anal  willi  liony  |)lal<'H.  /knidn,  livj. 

fc,  Hody  Willi  larj{o  conical  bony  protiiborancoM,  'J  on  cncli  niilr  of  tlii<  back  nml 

many  on  tlu<  belly.  OiiicottoMA,  Uoi. 


■r 


651.  ZENOPSIS,  fiill. 

/iiwjiih,  liirx,  Tron.  Ac.  Nal.Sci.  I'liila.  IHlt',  I'Jll  {nebuhmm). 

Kody  ovate,  iiincli  (■<)iii])rn,sH«Ml,  without  hcuIuh,  anil  without  wartH  m 
hiiiii]»H  in  the  adult.  Ili-iid  deopor  than  lon^,  ItH  antttriiu'  |irolil<'  stoop 
Afouth  rather  hir^e,  ujipor  jaw  protractihs  teeth  HUiall  on  JawH  and  vomer, 
nono  on  the  pahitinnH.  Various  boncH  of  the  liead  and  shouhler  ^;irilli' 
armed  Avith  spineH.  Hi-ries  of  bony  jdatrs  abdijj  the  Hidt'H  of  the  belly  aicl 
the  bases  of  both  dorsal  and  anal,  each  plate  armed  with  a  strong  spim. 
Eye  large,  ]>bi«'ed  high.  (Jill  rakers  short.  Dorsal  spines  very  strong 
usually  10  in  nnmber,  some  of  them  tilaiuontous;  anal  spiues  :<;  ventriil 
(ins  l«»ng,  the  rays  I,  (i  or  T,  7.  Caudal  peduncle  slender,  the  fin  not 
forked.  Three  species  kr  n,  differing  from  the  European  geuus /««»,• 
nuiinly  in  the  presence  of  ',i  anal  spineH  instfad  of  4,  and  in  the  greater 
d«'velopment  of  the  spinous  armatiin'.  I'elagic.  {Z>'/^',  :vim;  ot/>t?,ai>i}(ii\i- 
auce.     Zens  is  from  Zf.v?,  Jujuter.) 


2070.    ZKNOPKIS  OCKI.LATIIS  (Storer). 

Head  2^;  depth  IJ.  D.  IX,  2(>;  A.  Ill,  LM.  IJody  short,  deep,  com- 
pressed. Skin  wholly  naked,  except  for  the  bony  bucklers,  which  ■•iic 
armed  each  with  a  central  spiiui  lutoked  backward  and  nuirked  witii 
radiating  ridges;  7  bucklers  along  the  base  of  the  dorsal,  the  fifth  and 
sixth  largest;  2  on  the  median  line  in  front  of  the  veutrals,  the  second 
largest;  1  median  plate,  6  i>airs  between  veutrals  and  anal,  and  I  aloiii; 
the  base  of  the  anal.  Tojt  of  the  head  with  roughish  ridges,  but  without 
spines;  a  spine  at  the  base  of  each  deutary  bone;  the  broad  uiaxillarieH 
each  with  a  supplemental  bone;  teeth  nearly  obsolete.  Eye  largii,  mudi 
ui^arer  gill  opening  than  tip  of  snout,  (iill  rakers  short.  Caudal  ])ediin- 
cle  very  slender,  caudal  fin  short  and  rounded;  pectorals  very  short;  veu- 
trals large,  the  rays  I,  (5,  the  first  soft  ray  closely  a]>2)ressed  to  the  spine; 
anal  spines  short  and  stout,  the  soft  rays,  like  those  of  the  dorsal,  low  ; 
dorsal  spines  filamentous.     Color  silvery,  nearly  plain;   a  black  lateral 


*  Tlio  European  genus,  Zevt,  containing  the  common  "John  Dory,"  Zevs  faher,  a  well- 
known  fooil-fish  in  the  Mediterranean,  ha8  not  been  found  in  American  waters. 


Jordan  and  Everniann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     lOfil 


iircfllatodMpnt  in  lH'i',  (liHapptMirin^  tiiHpiritri,  r*>litp;ic;  1  MpMcinioti  known, 
i:iUt'n  oil'  l'ro\  inntuwn,  MiiHHuclnimttts.  Mt^Niription  t'roni  th«  original 
tvpe  in  tlio  niiiHuuni  oftlu^  MoHton  Society  of  Niitunil  History,  {owllulmi, 
iK'oUatr.) 

/iiin  nciUatu*,  Stouku,  Prim,  IhiM.  Sjw.  Nat.  Hint.,  vi,  18SH,  nH)l,  Provlncetown,  on  Cape 
Cod. 

/iniipHit    OCfllalUt,    .InllliAN    A     (ill.llKKT,    Sytlii|IHiM,    4M,    IHHII;    li<H)liK    \     ItKAN,    Oi'«<tllli(! 

Ii'lilli.,  'Jl!4  with  |)liit«,  INIHI. 

65a.  ZENION,  .Torilim  A  KvtMiiiiinn. 
/.fnion,  Jordan  Sl  Kvriimann,  <'li<H!kLiMt  KiHliiN,  tls,  ihihi  {holiiUi>iii). 

|{o(ly  oonipruHHud  antl  olovuteil,  cuverctl  witli  vory  Hiiiall  H<>aI«H;  inontli 
|ir(itrii(^til<>.  Doi'Hul  tiiiH  (>iMiliK:u«)iiH,  thu  lirst  with  (i  or  7  low  Hpint^H;  ii 
short  Hpino  buibn;  tlio  uniil ;  Itony  pliitoH  pruHent  alon^  tlio  liuNeH  of  the 
ilor.Hiil  niul  anal  tinn.  Ah  iu  /.eiin,  vontriil  linn  conipoHtMl  ouch  of  1  Hpino 
iind  It  Hoft  rayH,  not  dopruHHihlo  in  a  groove.  VtM'y  niiniito  teeth  in  the 
jawHaiul  on  the  vomer,  none  on  the  palatine  honrH.  MranchioHtogalH  S. 
I  leup  aeas.  'i'lio  Hingle  HpocioH  (lenerilied  helow  HeeniH  to  be  the  type  of  a 
ilistinet  gennH,  diD'erini;  from  the  Australian  genua  CtilliiH  in  the  aimence 
of  ventral  groove  and  in  the  preHenco  of  bony  ])IatnH  along  dorHal  and 
iuial.     (A  dimiuutivo  of  XniH,  Zfi'^,  tho  .John  Dory.) 

2077.  ZKM4».\  IIOI.(M.I-:iMS  ((iooUu  iV  Httaii). 

Head  2ii ;  T.epth  2A.  1).  VI  or  VII,  20;  A.  23;  V.  I,  (5;  P.  1(5.  Kye  very 
largo,  4A  in  body  or  nearly  2  in  head;  interorbital  width  2A.  I'reniaxil- 
hirioH  protractile  and,  when  drawn  out,  a  deep  liorHOHhtie-Hhaped  groove 
is  expoHod  b<«tweoit  tho  orbits;  proniaxiilary  2  in  h(^ad  without  auont; 
maxillary  thin,  broad,  obtune  at  tho  oxtreuiily,  itH  length  equaling  that 
of  iutororbital  area;  length  of  mandible  nearly  k  that  of  head;  mouth 
!iluu»Ht  vertical  when  elo.sed.  Quadrate  Ixuie  ending  posteriorly  in  a 
liroiid,  obtuHO  spine,  and  with  several  ridges  witii  minute  cirri;  supra- 
orbital iilso  with  several  minutely  <irrated  ridges.  Teeth  in  Jaws  inilis- 
tinguishablo,  except  to  the  touch.  Nostrils  plaeetl  close  to  front  of  eye 
somewhat  above  its  niitblle,  tho  ])osterior,  which  is  much  the  larger,  a 
pear-shaped  slit  al>out  '.^  times  an  long  as  anterior.  Pseudobrauchia'  well 
developed;  II  or  1.5  very  small  lanc^colate  gill  rakers  behtw  the  angle, 
(iill  openings  very  wide,  the  membranes  very  deejdy  cleft  and  only  luir- 
I'owly  attached  to  tho  isthmus  in  frout.  Hrau(;hiostegals  K.  Dorsal  and 
ventral  origins  iu  the  same  vertical;  distance  of  the  Bpiuous  dorsal  fnnu 
snout  equaling  greatest  height  of  bo<ly;  spinous  dorsal  of  H  or  7  spines, 
the  lirst  of  which  is  minute,  about  ^  as  long  as  second,  which  is  as  long 
as  eye;  second  spine  finely  serrated  in  the  middle  of  its  anterior  nuirgin 
and  dihited  at  tho  root  so  as  to  partly  conceal  base  of  third  spine;  rays 
of  soft  dorsal  increasing  in  si/e  backward,  the  lirst  being  onlj'  ^^  as  long 
;is  last,  which  is  about  ^  as  long  as  head,  the  longest  rays  about  the 
niuetoenth  to  tho  twenty-fonrth,  these  are  slightly  longer  than  the 
last;  caudal  almost  truncate  or  very  slightly  rounded  when  expanded, 


i 


:P 


r 


I 


m^ 


IfW'J 


Jiullctiu  /7,  Unilfii  Stati's  iWitional  Miistutti, 


tli(^  iiiidtllo  ra.vH  nciirly  iih  Ioiik  nH  oyo:  vnit  iinilor  firth  ruy  of  hitoilI 
(lorHiil;  uiiiil  (irl^lii  iiihIim-  Hixtli  ruy;  uiiiil  rayH  imriMtHiiiK  in  Ni/i«  liml. 
wai'il,  tliu  loii|(imt,  not;  iinirtt  tliun  'j  iih  Iihik  uh  tliimu  of  ilorHal;  ruyH  of 
Hoft  ilorHitl  luid  iiiiiil  nil  Hitiiplo  iiiiil  urti('iiliit4>«l;  IoiikMi  of  vniitinl  Hpiint 
\  of  Ixxly,  oxiuHtiliiif;  tliiit  of  tlii<  ]on^«'Nl  Noft  my;  viMitrul,  wlini  fully 
u\|iuii<I(mI,  Hiilitrlitii};iilar,  tiio  Hpino  iiiiniitely  H«rriiti><l  on  itH  iintt^riir 
iniii'Kiii;  poctoral  Hiibrirniliir  wlicii  t'x|miMl<'<l  and  conipoNiMl  nitiri'ly  of 
Hiiiipli-  arti(Milatuil  rayH,  tlio  lon|{fNt,  in  inidtllo  of  tin,  \  an  lun^  »h  fyi . 
Alioiit  10  ruwH  (if  NcaloH  li««t\v()un  tlit*  laliMiil  lino  and  ItiiNo  of  H|iinoiiH  dor 
Hal,  and  about  t>7  in  latrial  linu.  Plati's  at  Ihihu  of  iIoi-huI  and  unal  well 
di)v«>lo|HMl.  Jiun^tli  :<  to  \\\  lti(*h«H.  Tlir  typo  Hpociniun  wan  taken  by  tiir 
AlhalroHit  at  Htation  'J'.i'>X  in  TJi)  fiitlioniH,  otV  Yiiciitan ;  2  other  H]it>riiii(>iis. 
No.  IM)2t)7,  from  .tlhatroHM  Station  l.'(i5r>,  on  Littlo  llahania  liaiik,  in  ',i'.\x 
fathomg.     ((ioodn  I.V  liuim.)     ((lAu;,  whole;  Af7/'$,  H<-al«.) 

<'yttu»  hololepit,  (tooiiK  it.  liRAN,  Ocounic  I<-litliy<>lo|{y,  225,  IIkh.  2:iU,  2U;i«,  niiil  2;i:il),  IHlHi 
off  Yucatan  and  Little  Bahama  Bank.    (Typo,  No.  :I02U6.    Coll.  Albatrim.) 

653.  OREOSOMA,  Ciiviir  A  ValoncicnnoB. 

(tr«tni>ma,  CrviKii  \  Valkncirnnkh,  lliHt.  Nut.  I'oiHM.,  iv,  516,  IH.'IO  {atlnntieum) . 

Kody  elevated  and  coinprtmaed,  Ncaleh-as,  rou;{li  or  warty,  and  providod 
with  several  lar^n,  docidiiona,  conical,  bony  protubcrancoB  Hynimetrically 
arran^red,  the  Hiirfaco  "  roHomblin);  a  relief  map  of  a  vohtanic  country," 
about  I  of  thcae  on  thr  ba(;k  and  20  below;  posterior  part  of  body  with- 
out «'oneH;  no  bony  ]ilato8  at  baH<*  of  dorHul  and  anal.  Head  without 
BeiTationa;  a  Hiiiall  horn  above  ouch  eye;  opercle  small;  )>r<>o))ercle  with 
2  ridges.  Month  oldi((iie,  the  lower  jaw  projecting.  Villiform  teeth  on 
jaws,  vomer,  and  ]ialatiues.  Dorsal  spines  low  and  sHiall,  partially  bidden 
by  the  humps.  Hott  dorsal  and  anal  similar,  rounded  iH  outline.  Pec- 
torals short,  ronnde«l.  Caudal  rounded,  on  a  slender  peduncle  under 
pectorals.  Ventrals  *  well  developed,  thoracic.  One  species,  scarcely 
known,  probably  belonging  to  the  Zeidw  but  its  relationship  uncertain. 
It  may  very  likely  be  a  larva  of  the  species  called  CytiopHia  roavuv  (Lowe), 
or  of  some  other  s]iecies  of  CyitopsU  or  of  Cytiiis.    {opo^,  hill ;  6d)fia,  body. ) 

S078.  OBEONONA  ATLANTI^UM,  Cuvier  \  Valenciennes. 

Head  nearly  3;  depth  about  equal  to  length  of  body.  B.  7;  D.  V, 2!>; 
A.  26;  V.  I,  5;  C.  14.  Trolile  straight,  nearly  horizontal;  month  nearly 
vertical;  forehead  broad  between  eyes,  above  each  of  which  is  a  small 
conical  horn;  suborbitals  and  preopercle  entire;  opercle  small;  tail  and 
region  between  dorsal  and  anal  closely  compressed  and  unarmed;  trunk 
much  thicker,  with  2  great  conical  warts  on  each  side  above,  and  about  a 
dozen  on  each  side  below,  4  on  the  median  line;  these  dermal  (-ones  arc 
readily  detached,  and  are  marked  by  concentric  rings  parallel  with  their 
base.     Spinous  dorsal  inconspicuous,  hidden  by  the  cones ;  pectorals  short ; 


*  Accord  ill  j;  to  Ciivior  &  Valencienucfl,  tlio  ventnils  "out  lo  uombre  ordinaire  du  I,  0.' 
But  we  may  doubt  if  this  number  is  acouratoly  counted. 


Jordan  and  /ijrnnann. — Fis/n's  of  Korlh  Anwrica,     \W\\\ 

u'litriilft  loiiKi  nii*l<ll«  ra.vH  id' dcirHiil  ami  itiiiil  loti^oHt.  ('oI<*r  ({rtiyiMli, 
'  i|)i>ii  Atlitiitif,  Known  I'roiii  II  Niii^luN|H<<'iiiifii,  1^  iuiliiw  lun){,  (('iivloi'«& 
\  til«^noiiMim-ii.) 

iheonoina  ttllantimm,  (;rviKU  .V  VAi.KNcrKNNKH,  KiNt.  Nut.  TdUm.,  iv,  TdS  IH'Jl),  open 
Atlantic;  (iCNTiiKK,  (,'ut.  FImIii-h,  i   JK,  anil  ii,  lltKl;  (iooOK  A  IIkan,  iKii-iii.li'  Irlilli., '.".'H. 

iirtii$i>ma  roni/tiiiin,  Ci'VlKit  \-  N'At.KNClKNNKB,  I,  e.,  pi.  UU;  ■uiiiii  typo;  u  Nlip  uriHtiit;  Ikuii 
iiiiriirri'Ctril  iiriiof  kIii'oIm. 

(lioui)  (!API{0M)1<:A. 

A  group  of  doubtful  iilHiiitloH,  contniniii;;  tho  Mknglu  laniily  Cupioiiltr. 
It  liaa  tbtt  ventral  tWiH  normal,  Uio  poHt-tttinpoial  a«lnato  tu  tlio  Hkiill,  anil 
is,  in  luuny  roHpuctH,  Himilar  to  tliu  Siiiiumipinntx. 


Family  CLXIIl.  CAPItOID.K.* 

(Till')    IIOAK-KIMIIRH.) 

JJody  comprossed  and  «l«vateil,<'ovon!d  with  Hniall,  ctenoid  Hcalos;  hIiIoh 
uf  liuad  Bcaly;  preorhital  and  pri'oporclo  nioro  or  Iohh  nerrato  orarnusd; 
opercle  small;  gillH  normal;  gill  nioinhranoH  Hcparato,  fn-o  from  iHllinnis; 
top  of  head  l)ony ;  ])remaxillarii<H  vnry  protractile,  tliu  ])OHtorior  proroHs 
vory  long;  mouth  moderate,  the  lower  Jaw  projecting,  the  teeth  very 
Ftiiiall;  lateral  line  uot  extending  <m  caudal;  dorHal  liu  long,  the  Htout 
spines  separated  from  the  soft  rayH  by  a  deep  notch;  dornal  spines  not 
i;raduatcd;  anal  fin  with  '.^  spines  separated  by  a  notch  from  the  soft  rays, 
tite  fust  spine  longest;  soft  part  of  anal  as  long  as  soft  dorHal;  ventrals 
I,  5,  the  spine  strong,  inserted  below  pectorals;  caudal  tin  idunded,  on 
a  moderate  peduncle.  Upper  limb  of  the  post-temporal  widened  at  its 
distal  end,  which  affords  a  very  firm  attachment;  the  lower  limb  short 
and  thiok.  The  snpra-clavicle  long  and  slender,  its  posterior  edge  sharply 
serrate,  tint  serrations  standing  out  above  the  surface  of  tlie  skin.  Ver- 
tebra* in  normal  number,  10  +  Hi  =:; 2;{  (in  Caitros).  Two  or  ;{  species, 
arranged  in  2  genera,  and  living  in  rather  deep  water.  CaproM  aper,  the 
Hoarflsh,  superficially  resembles  the  .John  Dory,  /nta  faher,  and  is  com- 
mon on  the  coasts  of  southern  Kiirope.  This  fandly,  like  the  preceding, 
is  of  doubtful  affinities.  It  is  only  remotely  allied  to  the  Zeidw,  and  its 
relationship  to  the  Caranyidw  or  other  Scombroid  forms  is  not  evident. 
Antigonia  bears  much  auperticial  resemblance  to  the  Kphlppidiv,  a  resem- 
Idance  probably  arising  from  real  affinity,  as  is  shown  by  the  form  and 
attachment  of  the  post-temporal.  An  extinct  genus,  Proantit/onia,  is  said 
to  connect  Antujonia  with  Capros.  (Capridw,  Lowe,  Fishes  of  Madeira, 
1843,  XII.) 

ANTiaONUNiG  : 

a.  Lateral  lino  complete.    Body  deeper  tlian  long,  covered  with  rough  Hciilim. 

b.  Teeth  slender,  in  jnws  only;  anul  spinea  strung.  Antioonia,  054. 


fl 


*  Called  Caproidce  by  Dr.  Gill  to  distiuguiHh  the  group  froni  Capridee,  the  family  of 
Oapra,  tbe  goat. 


?T^  i*'',',*"-  •'*  '^r"*''' 


■;i: 


■^1 


M 


lCfl4 


Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


654.  ANTIGONIA,  Lowo. 

Au^iflroni'rt,  LoWE,  Prnc.  Zoiil.  Soc.  Loud.  1843,  85  (cnpro*). 

Caprophoniiii,  Mi'LLKii  \-.  'I'ltosoiiKi,,  ll()rii>  lclitli,vol()j;icu',  in,  28,  1845  (aurora). 

Tljipsinotux,  Sc'iiLKdEi.,  Fauna  Jnpouica,  I'oiHH.,  \lii,  84,  flg.  2, 1847  {ruhi-tci'iti). 

IJoily  very  deop,  tho  fh^pth  imuih  greater  than  length  of  body,  v.-hich 
is  excessively  coiiipreHsed  and  covered  Avith  moderate-sized,  (inn,  ron<;li 
ctenoid  scales;  ])rofile  from  najie  to  dorsal  very  steep  and  nearly  straiffht. 
Surface  of  head  above  with  roufih  bony  striic;  preoporcle  and  suborbital 
bones  armed  with  slender  antrorse  spines;  mouth  small,  its  cleft  nearly 
vertical;  premaxillary  with  a  vi-ry  long  process,  so  that  it  is  oxtremel.\ 
protractile,  perhaps  less  so  than  in  Capros;  lower  jaw  projectin;f ;  np]ter 
jaw  boroewhat 'protractile;  maxillary  broad,  scaly;  small,  very  slemler 
teeth  on  jaws  in  1  row,  none  on  palate;  chiu  rough;  preopercle  with 
rough  stria',  becoming  antrorse  spines  below;  cheeks  deep,  covered  witli 
rough  sciilcs;  operclo  short,  scaly.  IJranchiostegals  6;  gill  membi;/incs 
separate,  free  from  isthmus.  Lateral  line  concurrent  with  the  back.  Fin 
spinos  stiff  and  strong.  Dorsals  united,  the  third  spine  stout  and  ele- 
vated, tho  sixth  or  last  spine  shortest,  lower  than  the  soft  rays,  the  fin 
is  thus  distinctly  notched.  Soft  dorsiil  and  anal  similar,  long  and  low, 
none  of  the  rays  i)roduced;  anal  spines  3,  joined  to  the  fm,  the  first 
longest.  IJase  of  dorsal  and  anal  with  a  sheath  of  small,  rough  scales 
extending  on  tho  fiii  spines  and  slightly  on  tho  rays,  not  on  tho  mem- 
branes; caudal  peduncle  short  and  deep,  deeper  than  long;  caiidal  short, 
sijuarely  truncate;  ventrals  strong,  of  moderate  length,  at  lowest  point 
of  ventral  outline,  well  behind  pecio; als  and  directly  below  spinous 
dorsal,  which  is  at  highest  point  of  dorsal  outline;  ventral  spino  large, 
1'ougl.ened  anteriorly;  pectorals  nu)derate,  not  falcate.  Probably  a  single 
siiecies,  Avidely  distributed.  A  very  singular  fish  of  uncertain  relations. 
It  is  placed  by  Giinther  among  tho  ('(trangidic  with  Vlatax,  PseUns,  I'senes, 
Xanchi8,  etc.,  tho  natural  character  of  tho  family  being  destroyed  by  the 
'ntrusion  of  these  diverse  forms.  Wo  see  no  real  resemblance  between 
AnHgotiia  and  any  of  the  Carangidiv,  nor  docs  it  seem  to  us  to  possess 
Scombroid  affinities  at  all.  It  seems  to  be  related  to  Cnpros,  as  Stein- 
dachner  and  Gill  have  indicated,  in  placing  Antigonia  among  the  ('«- 
proida'.  The  union  of  tho  post  temporal  with  tho  skull  in  Capros  suggests 
'iftinity  with  Zanchis  and  Cluvtodon,  a  suggestion  borne  out  by  the  long 
pubic  bones,  in  its  fin  armature,  scales,  and  roughness  of  head,  Antigonia 
suggests  Friacanihus,  to  Avhich  genus  it  may  be  jmssibly  related.  Capros 
shows  some  external  resemblance  to  Zeus,  but  tho  systematic  position  of 
Zeu8  is  equally  uncertain.  Nothing  but  its  small,  smooth  scales  allies  Zeus 
to  the  Scombroids  and  its  singular  ventrals  suggest  the  Berycoids.  Zens 
has  32  vcrtebr.e,  iind  the  pubic  Ixmos  not  elongate.  (Avnyoi^Eia,  a  city 
founded  by  Antigonus,  tho  allusion  not  «5vident.) 


1*3 


"■V 


¥ 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     1GC5 

207».  ANTUIOMA  (AiMiOS,  Lowe. 

(SlIIHIIIDAI.) 

Heart  3;  depth  (greator  with  jiko)  always  moro  thau  length  of  body ; 
eye  2}  in  head;  snout  3J.  J).  VIII,  ;{G;  A.  Ill,  H3;  V.  I,  H;  I'.  13;  C.  12; 
scales  15-r){t-40.  Anterior  jirolilo  of  head  steep,  but  growing  steeper  from 
tlio  nape  to  first  dorsal,  so  that  it  is  concave  above  eye;  basn  of  dorsal 
lorming  a  steep  oblii|ne  lino,  corresponding  to  anterior  prolile;  base  of 
anal  and  outline  of  broawt  also  very  obli<ine;  maxillary  reaching  front  of 
eye ;  3  or  4  rows  of  scales  on  cheek  ;  prickles  on  chin  ;  ])reorl»ital  and  other 
hones  of  head  longer  and  more  nnmorons  in  males;  top  of  lioad  covered 
with  rongh  serrate  stria-;  third  dorsal  spine  strong,  rough,  and  curved,  1^ 
in  head;  first  anal  spine  about  as  long  as  eye,  2\  to  2s  in  head;  ventral 
si»ineii;  caudal  1  A.  Scales  very  rough,  much  as  in  /'n'arflM//i«8.  Lateral 
line  complete,  concurrent  with  back.  Air  bladder  large.  Color  golden 
red.  Length  about  a  foot.  In  rather  deep  water,  widely  distributed  in 
the  Atlantic,  and  also  in  the  Pacific  about  Japan  and  the  Ki  Islands,  and 
Miinado,  if  the  Pacific  species,  Aiitigonia  rithescviix,  ))roves  to  be  identical 
with  -'1.  vapros,  as  is  sup^n'.sed.  It  lives  in  about  100  fathoms.  (Stein- 
(lachner;  si^ecinions  from  Tokio.)  (Capros,  a  related  genus,  from  ndnpoi., 
II  grunting  sea-fish.) 

XniUjcinia  cayros,  Lowk,  I'roc.  Zoiil.  Soc.  T-ondon  18J3,  85,  Madeira. 

Ciijirophonv/i  attrora,  Mt'i.i.EU  it  Tugschkl,  irono  Ichthyologicir,  in,  p.  28,  pi.  5,  fig.  1, 

1845,  Baroados. 
I [ i;pginotus  rubesceiin,  ScilLEdEI,,  Fauna  .raponlca,  I'oisaous,  84,  pl.4L',  lig.  2,  1847,  Omura, 

Japan. 
Ant!tjo)iia  mUllfn,  Ki,(:nziN(1kk,  Sit/.b.  Akiwl.   Wiss.  AViiMi.,  l.xxx,  1879,  ^80,  pi,  (I,  llg,  3, 

King  George's  Sound. 
Antiijonij.  capros,  Hoouk.  \-  ]!kan,  Oceanic  Ichthyology,  229,  tig.  235,  189C. 

Suborder  S(^UAMIPI:N^NES. 


(Tim    S(!ALY-FINS.) 

llody  compressed,  covered  with  small  or  minute  ctenoid  scales;  lateral 
|iiie  unarmed,  concurrent  with  the  back;  mouth  small,  with  shinder  or 
brush-like  teeth;  operclcs  armed  or  not;  nostrils  double;  gills  I,  a  slit 
'tchiud  the  fourth;  gill  membranes  united  to  the  broad  scaly  isthmus; 
pscudobranchia'  present;  air  bliidder  iiresent;  dcusal  (in  long,  the  spines 
usually  well  developed,  the  soft  part  usually  more  or  less  scaly;  caudal 
usually  truncate  or  double  concave;  anal  similar  to  soft  dorsal;  ventrals 
thoracic,  scunctimes  rudimentary,  sometimes  wifli  2  spines,  the  pubic  bono 
Itocoming  progressively  elongate;  vertebra'  usually  10-fl4-=21,  but  some- 
times still  further  reduced.  IJasis  of  cranium  double,  with  a  double  mus- 
cular tube;  po8t-temi)oral  trifureate  or  bifm-catein  KphiitpMtv  and  other 
tiansitional  forms,  as  in  the  Scombroids  and  Percoids;  in  other  species 
liiiidy  united  to  the  skull,  its  structure  showing  the  usual  3  forks,  the  space 
lietwecn  them  filled  in  by  bone,  so  that  only  a  Au-amen  is  left;  Second, 
Ihird,  and  fourth  upper  pharyngeals  small,  usually  reduced  to  vertical 


w 


■ifl^^mimimmm 


W' 


I 


1666  BiiUctin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


:)■:■  A 


transverse  laminii-.     Ilypcrcoracoid  witli  niedijiu  foramon;  pectoral  with 
\  8h(ut  )»ji8;il  l)oiie8.     Tliis  group  comprises  a  lur^c  niinil>cr  of  lishi'S,  aoiin 
of  tlioin  Bliowiri/j(  .inalogics  with  tiie  Variunjidu  on  the,  one  liaiul  and  witli 
(■crtain  J'crcoid  (ishes  6ii  tlic  otiier;  the  typical  foniiH  specialized  in  dire( 
tiona  Iendi///iC  toward  the  PltrUtfiiMthi.     The  limits  of  the  j^roup  are  uncc  r 
tain,  alMiongh  thcr<  is  nodonht  about  the  relationship  of  any  of  the  genera 
here  treated.     Perhaps  several  of  the   taniilies   currently  recognized  as 
Sconibroid  belong  he*/ .     Krom  the  Sq u a luipiniw)!  the  I'leitogiiallii  are  cai- 
taiiily  descended.     The  close  relation  of  /ialisfes  to  Tcnihi8  admits  of  no 
tloubt.     Tliis  relation.ship  is  shown  in  the  osteology,  the  r(^dnced  post- 
temporal  and  coalesced  boues  of  Jaws,  in  the  great  development  of  tin 
pubic  hone,  in  the  restriction  of  the  gill  ojx'nings,  and  in  the  character  of 
the  scales,  especially  the  armature  of  the  tail.     In  a  natural  system  the 
/>V/7J8//V?rr  would  follow  the  Teuthid'uhv  and  Sujanidw.     The  Tcnthididtr  and 
the  lialU    'hi'  are  as  nearly  r«'lated  to  each  other  as  the  Ephippidw  are  to 
the  r/frc.      )nHd<t'.     («7Hffm«,  scale:  ;>m»a,  tin.     The  gr(»up  is  called  Ti^jje/us 
inia  by  ('oj)e,  but  tlie  uauio  Sijnamipiuues  is  older,  and   the  Chatodontido 
are  the  chief  cttustitnents  of  ))oth  groups. 

Families  of  S(ii;amipinne8. 

a.  Post-temporal  bifurcate  or  trifnrcate,  not  nnitpil  with  the  skull ;  dorsal  fins  2;  sepa- 
rate tcetli  slender,  liiirdly  Iu'uhIi  like ;  iiiaxiMiiry  di.stinct.         Kpnii'i'iu^;,  CLxn 
aa.  Post  toniporal  iipparently  simple,  tlrnil.v  united  to  the  skull,  dorsal  tin  contlnuoiiN. 
ventral  rays  1,  fi. 
/).  Teotli  brush-like,  setiforni,  tliick  sot;  post-temporal  witli  a  fonmen  whicli  is 
usually  fully  i)errorate;  carnivorous  (Ishes  willi  the  intestinal  ranal  short 
the  caudal  i>edunele  unarmed  and  llio  pubic  bone  not  greatly  develojied; 
maxillary  distinct. 
c.  Scales  well  developed.  CH^KTonoNTro^f;,  ci.xv. 

tc.  Scales  reduced  to  minute  asperities;  some  of  the  dorsal  spines  tilamentou.s. 

ZANfI.U)/F.,  CLXVI. 

66.  Teeth  incisor-like,  in  a  single  series;  post-temporal  with  u  foranu'n  which 
does  not  i)as8  thronjiii  tiu)  bone  ;  scab's  minute,  roujjii ;  herbivorous  fishes 
witli  the  intestinal  canal  elongate;  the  caudal  peduncle  usually  armed 
with  spines  or  tulieriles;  maxillary  and  jiremaxillary  immovably  united; 
l)ost-tenii>oral  united  witli  skull;  pubic  bones  very  long,  hcnt,  firmly 
attached  to  each  other.  TeuthujID.*,  clxvu 


Family  CLXIV.   HPHiri'ID.FL 

(TiiK  Spade-fishes.) 

Body  compressed,  usually  greatly  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  steep, 
the  caudal  peduncle  short.  Scales  moderate  or  small,  ctenoid,  densely 
covering  the  soft  parts  of  the  vertical  tins;  lateral  lino  present,  f(dlowin,ii 
the  curve  of  the  back.  Month  small,  terminal,  horizontal;  premaxilla- 
ries  slightly  ])rotractile ;  maxillary  short,  without  sujjplemental  bone, 
partly  8lii>ping  under  the  narrow  preorbital;  jaws  with  bands  of  slender, 
]»ointed,  movable,  brush-like  teeth;  nostrils  double;  pre*  percle  very 
finely  serrated  or  entire;  gill  membranes  broatlly  attached  to  i.vtamus,  the 
openings  restricted  to  sides;  branchiostegals  6  or  7;  pylori^   ctnca  few; 


1 1' 


Jordan  and  Evermann . — Fishes  of  North  America.      1667 


;jill  rakers  very  nhort;  pseudohrancliiip  present.  Dorsal  liiin  2,  Houw^what 
(!oiinect«'d,  Ww  lirHt  of  8  to  11  spinen,  which  are  dopreHsible  in  ii  groove; 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  tins  anteriorly  high,  their  bases  thickened  by  the 
stales;  aii;il  spines  3  or  4,  short:  candal  tin  trnncate  or  doubly  conoiivc; 
liectorals  short,  the  rays  all  branched;  ventrals  thoracic,  normally  I,  5; 
sometimes  rndimentary ;  a  hirge  iiccessory  scale  as  in  the  Sparido';  air 
Itliuider  larp;e,  «'ommonly  bifurcate  in  front,  and  with  2  slender  horns 
hebind.  Vcrtcbnc  lO-\-H~-'2l.  I'ost-toitiporal  bifurcate  as  usual  among 
lishes,  not  joined  to  the  skull.  As  here  nndorstood,  a  group  of  about  4 
:;enora  and  10  or  12  species,  related  to  the  Chntodontidw  but  showing 
important  ditlerences  in  the  skeleton,  which  shows  resemblances  to  both 
Scombroid  and  Sparoid  formf.  Shore  tishes' mostly  of  large  size,  in  warm 
seas,  often  valued  as  food. 

The  following  diagnosis  of  this  family  is  given  l»y  Dr,  Gill:  Oha'todon- 
loidea  with  a  wid(^  scaly  isthmus  extending  from  jiectoral  region  to  the 
(hiuaiid  Hepariiting  the  branchial  ap<'rtures;  spinous  partially  dideren- 
tli|tc(l  from  the  Hott  ])ortion  of  dorsal;  upper  jaw  scarcely  protractile; 
ethmoid  carlnifoi'iu  above  (not  sunk  and  concave)  and  vomer  declivous 
1  ii(»t  |irn|ecting  forward  or  refuse),  parapophyses  sjjiniform  and  posteriorly 
iiicloHJng  a  ha'mal  canal,  and  post-temiioral  bones  bifnrcated.  (KphippuH, 
etc.,  Giiuthor,  Cat.,  li,  (il,  18(50.) 

Ki'lllPPtNiE: 
(I.  First  dorsal  fin  cotiiiioHi'il  of  spiiii's  connected  by  ineinliraiii',  llic  (liird  spine  lii^liest; 
ventrals  well  doi  l()])i'd,  I,  5. 
,'(.  Scales  small,  f  .'>  (o  70  in  tlie  liitcriil  line.  rn.i;roi)ii'TEui;s,  Go.'i. 

MoNODACTVLlNyK: 
((((.  First  dorsal  tin  coniijoscd  of  sliorf  free  sjiines,  tlir  last  one  iiigliest ;  vejifials  small 
or  rudimentary, 
c.  Ventrals  sniull  but  uominlly  doveloi)ed.  tin-  rays  I,  f);  body  not  deeper  tiiuu 
long.  I'AUAesETTrs,  060. 

655.  CH.<ETODIPTERUS,  Laeepede. 


t'h(t1odipterus,  LACKi'ftni;,  Hist.  Nut.  Poiss.,  iv,50,1, 1802  (j;/u»jiicH     faber). 

Body  much  elevated  and  compressed,  its  outline  nearly  orbicular,  the 
anterior  profile  nearly  vertical.  Scales  small,  .">.')  to  70  in  the  course  of  the 
lateral  line.  .Jaws  about  equal;  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines;  teeth  <!D 
Jaws  slender,  somewhat  movaltle;  preoperc'e  finely  serrulate.  Uranchios- 
trniila  tl.  Dorsal  tins  2,  somewliat  connected,  the  first  of  nstially  Osjiines, 
Hie  third  of  which  is  elongate;  anal  spines  3,  small,  the  second  the  longest; 
\entral  with  a  large  aci'essory  scale.  Pyloric  caca  4  to  6.  Americ.in; 
distinguished  from  the  Asiatic  genus  EpUippns,  by  the  very  much  smajjer 
xales.  (^(r/rof^fwr,  (hatodon;  5/?;  two;  nrffjov,  fin,  the  dorsal  bei/ig 
divided.) 

(/.  Third  dorsal  spine  more  or  less  elev.ited,  especially  in  ihe  young.     Ailantic. 

FAHER,  2080. 

ita.  Third  dorsal  spiue  scarcely  higher  than  I'ouith,  not  more  ilian  A  length  of  head. 

Pacific.  zo.N  atus,  2tml. 


■  ^ 


.  ■•) 


P 


.:  .i 


16G8         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


SOSO.  ril.KTOIMPTKiUrs  KAIIKIt  (liroiiHHoiiot). 
(Anohl-kisii i  Spai>kki«ii.) 

TIraa  :i  to  Hi;  doptli  1  to  11.  1).  VIII-I,  20;  A.  Ill,  1«;  scales  fiO;  ca-ca 
4  to  fi.  Vortical  fins  low  in  the  youiif;,  falcate  in  ttio  udult.  Tliird  dor- 
Hal  spine  more  than  \  head,  in  adult  about  as  lonjj;  as  from  tip  of  snout  to 
edg«  of  prcoperdo,  its  membrane  blackish,  more  prcxlncfd  in  the  yoiinji; 
cliin  witli  a  row  of  pores;  ]»r«orbital  nearly  as  wide  as  oye;  jxtctoral  con- 
sidcrably  sliorterthaii  ventral,  the  first  soft  ray  of  the  latter  fihunontouK. 
Grayisli;  a  dusky  band  acr()88  the  eye  to  the  throat;  o.  second  simihir 
band,  broader,  bcj^inning  in  front  of  the  dorsal  and  cxtondinj^  a<roH8  base 
of  pectoral  to  the  belly  ;  a  third  band,  narrower,  extending  to  middle  of 
sides,  from  the  base  of  fourth  and  iifth  dorsal  spines;  a  fourth  broader 
baud  from  tlio  last  dorsal  spine  to  the  anal  s]iines,  the  remaining  ItandM 
alternately  short  and  long;  all  of  these  bands  growing  obscure  and  dis- 
ai>pearing  with  age;  ventrals  black.  Length  2  to  3  feet.  Cape  Cod  to 
Rio  Janeiro;  very  abundant  on  our  South  Atlantic  coast;  an  excellent 
food-fish,  reaching  a  large  size.  Very  large  specimens,  which  we  suppose 
to  be  old  individuals,  but  which  have  been  regarded  as  a  distinct  species 
( Kphippus  ffi(/n8,  ('uvier),  have  the  occipital  crest  and  anterior  iuterhii-mals 
developed  in  thick  bony  niasses.  Similar  changes  occur  in  the  adult  of 
Selene  and  other  Carani/'uhi:  {J'nher,  blacksmith;  the  species  was  called 
Fither  marimm  by  Sloane.) 

ruber  viarinnx  /ere  r/«rtrfrafi(«  {tlio  Pilot-flsli)  Sloane,  Nat.  Hist.  .Tnniaica,  ii,  2!)0,  jil. '_',')1, 
1793, Jamaica. 

ChiPlddon  fahcf,  ISroussonkt,  Tditli.  Bccas,  1,  v,  pi.  4, 1782,  Jamaica  ((JolL.T.  Kllis) ;  Caro- 
lina (Coll.  Ur.  IJliigilcn).     [Society  Islands,  ISai'ks  Si.  Solaiider.  | 

Znis  ijuadratus,  Gmklin,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  1225,  1788,  Jamaica;  after  Faher  inarinvg  fere 
(juadrutuH  of  Sloane. 

Chfptodon  plumieri,  rii.ocn,  T('htliy.,pl.  211, 1703,  Martinique;  after  Pi.t^MiEn. 

Selene  <jvadraiif)iilans,  T,.\('i:i'i':i)K,  HiHt.  Nat.  Poi.ss.,  iv,  .'504, 1803,  Jamaica ;  after  Sloan'K. 

Chn'todnn  ov!/(>nnh;  M iTcnn.L,  Tran.s.  Lit.  Jind  Phil.  Soc,.,  i,  1815,  247,  pi.  .I,  tig.  4,  New  York. 

Kphippus  giijax,  Cuviku,  Kt'^no  Aniin.,  Kd.  u,  Vol  2,  191,  1829,  America;  very  old 
exainple.s  with  swollen  occipital  crest;  OOnthbr,  Cat.,  it,  t51, 1800;  IIoliiiiook,  Ichtli 
S.  Car.,  107, 1860. 

Kphipimgfaher,  CCntiiek,  Cat.,  n,  01, 1800;  noLimooK,  Iclitli.  S.  C.ir.,  107,  1860. 

Chcetodipterus/aher,  Jokdan  \-  (Ju.iiekt,  Synopsis,  613,1883. 


20.H1.  (ILKTOniPTKKI'S  ZO.\ATI  S  (Cirard). 

Dorsal  VIII-I,  18;  anal  II,  16;  scales  70.  Long  rays  of  soft  dorsal  and 
antil  i  longer  thtm  head.  This  species  agrees  with  Chotodipterua  faher  in 
nearly  all  respects.  The  chief  differences  are  that  behind  the  great  band 
from  soft  dorsal  to  anal  in  C.  zonatua  there  are  2  other  biinds;  1  under  mid- 
dle of  soft  dorsal,  the  other  at  base  of  caudal,  both  distinct  comphite 
rings;  no  other  bands.  The  third  dorsal  si)ine  is  not  very  liigh,  being 
only  about  \  length  of  head,  and  about  twice  lieight  of  the  fourth. 
Length  2  feet  or  more.  Pacific  coast  of  Aiiicrica,  Siiii  Diego  to  Pananiti; 
rather  common  southward.  Occasionally  seen  at  Ma/atlan,  several  speci- 
mens being  taken  by  us  in  the  Astilhro.  It  was  found  by  Dr.  Gilbert  at 
Mazatlau  and  Panama,     The  original  type  of  the  species  came  from  Sau 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     10C9 


Diej?o,  where  no  Huthor  aubsequont  to  Girard  lias  B«(eii  it.  It  is  probably 
j^ontTally  ditlUHod  alon^  tlm  coast,  although  loss  abiiiKlaiit  than  tho  corro- 
Hj)oiidin>;  species  {Cli<ito<Ui)tcni8  fabir  L.)  is  in  tho  Atlantic.  {zonatuH, 
/ouod  or  banded.) 

i:i)liiiii)ii>i  zonalu.1,  OiUARn,  Tar.  II.  K.  Siirv.,  .\,  pi.  110, 18.'>8,  San  Diego.    (Coll.  A.  CiishIiI.v.) 
Cliii'lodiptenit  zonatuu,  Jobua.n,  (.'at.  Fi.sli08,  10'2,  1885;  Kvkkman.n  a  Jknkins,  I'roc.  U.S. 
Nat.  Mu».  l.SUl,  160. 

656.  PARAPSETTUS,  Steiiidarhiur. 
I'araincttus,  .Stkindaiiinek,  Ichtli.  licit.,  111,  M,  1875  (imnamentU). 

Mod.v  short  and  dcei*,  much  compressed,  tho  depth  not  greater  than  tho 
length.  Scales  very  small,  strongly  ctenoid,  covering  the  soft  rays  of  the 
vertical  lins;  lateral  line  evenly  arched.  Snout  short,  vertically  truncate 
iit  tip;  mouth  small;  teeth  close  set,  slender  and  sharp,  in  3  or  I  rows,  the 
(tutor  slightly  larger.  Opercles  unarmed.  Soft  dorsal  and  .anal  long  and 
high,  the  tips  falcate;  spinous  dorsal  represented  by  9  short  free  .spines, 
scarcely  rising  above  tho  surface  of  the  scales;  anal  with  3  very  small 
spines.  Pectorals  short;  ventrals  small,  I,  .'>;  caudal  double  concave,  the 
(inter  lobo  pointed,  tho  median  lobe  rounded.  One  species.  This  genus 
(lillers  from  the  East  Indian  Monodaetyhis  {-^I'settiis  Cuvier  &  Valonci- 
imnes)  in  having  the  ventral  fins  perfect  and  the  body  not  excessively 
deep.  The  relations  of  this  genus  seem  to  us  evidently  with  the  Eph't])- 
pidtv  rather  than  with  the  Scombroids,  among  which  MonodartiiluH  has  been 
generally  placed.  JJut  Capros  and  AnWionia  art!  not  far  distant  from  it. 
[Ttapd,  near;  Pscttiis,  from  ipijrTix,  a  llatiish,  turbot.) 

2082.  l»ARAl'SETTi:S  PAXA.MFXSIS,  Steindachnor. 

Head  3;  depth  1,!.  D.  IX,  28;  A.  Ill,  24;  T.  18.  Form  of  Clmtodipierna 
faber;  the  snout  very  blunt,  the  lower  Jaw  included;  maxillary  reaching 
middle  of  «\ve;  eye  longer  than  snout,  1  in  head.  Last  dorsal  spine  ,J 
as  long  as  eye,  as  long  as  third  anal  spine;  longest  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal 
as  long  as  heail,  last  ray  of  dorsal  and  anal  shortest,  the  posterior  part  of 
lin  rounded;  caudal  slightly  longer  than  head;  pectoral  slightly  shorter 
than  head;  first  soft  ray  of  ventral  filitbrm,  twice  length  of  last,  2  in 
head.  Color  silvery  gray,  paler  below;  bas(*  of  caudal  yellowish,  with 
Inown  dots.  Panama  (Stoindachner);  rare;  several  specimens  lately 
obtained  by  Dr.  Gilbert. 

rarapsethis  jianamcnsit,  Stei.'^uachnek,  Iclitli.  I5cit.,  ui,  .'ii .  1875,  with  an  excellent  liguro, 
Panama. 

Family  CLXV.  ClIyETODONTID.E.' 


(TllK    15UTTKI{FIA'-I-'ISI1I'.,S. ) 

liody  strongly  compressed,  elevated,  siiboibicular  in  outline,  covered 
with  moderate-sized  or  small  scales,  which  are  finely  ciliated  or  nearly 


*  For  a  review  of  the  genera  and  species  of  Cha'todontiditj  of  >    rth  America  see  paper 
liy  Eigeumaiui  &  Iloruing,  iu  Auiiala  N.  T.  Ac.  8ii.,  iv, .  j87,  1-18. 


»  . 


'J  !■:: 


;^'f 


■* 


1670  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 

aniooth;  luti-ral  line  iiresent,  concnrrent  with  the  hack,  not  extending  on 
the  cuudal  lin;  mouth  Hiiiall,  protractile,  terminal;  niiixillary  very  Hhort. 
irregular  in  form,  divided  in  two  by  a  longitudinal  suture;  u|»imt  part  ol 
skull  Holid,  occipilal  crest  strong;  poHt-teninoral  iiriuly  Joined  to  tht 
skull,  its  form  really  trifurcate  though  ap])uai  ig  simple,  the  interspaco> 
between  the  forks  Hlled  in  by  bone  ho  that  o  'v  a  foramen  is  left;  Itisl 
bone  of  suborbital  ring  firmly  Joined  to  the  pruoperculum;  tooth  bruHli 
like  or  aotiform,  often  extremely  long,  in  narrow  bands  in  the  Jaws;  ih> 
teeth  ou  A'omer  or  palatines;  no  canines,  nutlars,  or  incisors;  eyes  lateral, 
of  moderate  size;  branchiostegals  (5  or  7;  psoudobranchia'  very  large;  air 
bladder  present.  Gill  membranes  more  or  less  attached  to  the  isthmus; 
gill  rakers  very  small.  Dorsal  fm  single,  continuous,  its  rayssomotinicH 
filamentous,  its  soft  part  as  well  as  the  soft  part  of  the  anal  densely  cov- 
ered with  small  scales;  anal  similar  to  the  soft  dorsal  with  3  or  4  spines; 
ventrals  thoracic,  I,  5 ;  caudal  nanally  truncate.  Vertebrjc  10  -f- 14  =  24,  the 
anterior  abbreviated;  insertion  of  the  ribs  inferior;  post-temporal  usual1,\ 
reduced,  and  not  bifurcate.  Carnivorous  fishes  of  the  tropical  seas,  noted 
for  their  singular  forms,  bright  colors,  and  great  activity.  Genera  8  to  10; 
species  about  180,  most  of  them  belonging  to  Chatodon  and  Pomacantlnis. 
The  excessive  quickness  of  sense  and  motion  enabhi  these  fishes  to  main- 
tain themselves  in  the  struggle  for  existenc(^  in  the  close  competition  of 
the  coral  reefs  notwithstanding  their  bright  colors.  The  young  are  very 
different  from  the  adult,  ami  pass  through  a  stage  termed  Tholkhthi/s  in 
which  the  membranes  are  greatly  developed,  forming  coll.ars  and  sheaths 
about  head  and  neck.     {Sqitami2nnnc8,  part,  Giinther,  Cat.,  ll,  1-57,  I860,) 

CH^TODONTlNi«: 
a.  Preopercle  unarmed ;  dorsal  Bpiiies  not  Ki'ftd«<ttd<  »onio  of  tlie  in(<dinii  H])ines  lougcr 
than  tlio  last  Hpiiios;  mchIch  comparatively  larj;o  (young  with  tlio  Thnliehthy.s 
form). 
b.  Snout  (nasals,  palatines,  etc.)  with  premaxillari(?8,  articular,  and  dentary  hones 
TDUch  produced,  beak-like;  cleft  of  mouth,  with  maxillaries,  short;  lateral  liiii> 
ceasing  under  soft  dorsal. 
(!.  Dorsal  spines  12  or  Vi;  soft  rays  about  20  (19  to  23). 

d.  Scales  large;  beak  moderate.  Pkoonathodes,  0,57. 

d(l.  Scales  small,  about  75  in  liorizontal  series;  beak  very  long. 

FoRcipiaEii,  C.")8. 

hb.  Snout  little  if  at  all  ])rodiiccd;  dor.sal  spines  usually  12  to  14;  not  graduated, 

some  of  the  middle  ones  liighest;  anal  spines  'i.  C'h.ktoijo.v,  65!). 

POMACANTIIIN^K: 

aa.  I'reoperde  armed  at  its  angle  with  a  very  stro'ig  spine,  which  is  sometimes  grooved. 

e.  Interopenle  unarmed;  vertical  limb  of  iireopercle  above  8])ino  entire  or  nearly 

SO;  dorsal  (in  with  8  to  U  sphics.  its  soft  rays  215  to  32.    PoM.vcA.NTHrs,  (iCU. 

ee.  Inten)])erclo  short  and  broad,  armed  with  1  to  4  strong  spines;  preojjorcle  ser 

rate  or  spinous;  dorsal  spines  about  14,  graduated,  the  last  one  longest: 

"scales  rather  small :  isthmus  very  narrow. 

/.  Vertical  limb  of  preoiierele  Him))ly  serrate,  with  lii  to  liO  snuill  teeth  ;  bod.v 

oblong,  rather  robust.  IIolacantiics,  Clil. 

/'.  Vertical  limb  of  jireoporele  with  J  to  9  consi)iciioii8  s])ineH;  body  ovate. 

much  compressed,  Anuelichthys,  662. 


T' 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1G71 


657.  PROGNATHODES,  Oill. 

I'rognathodeii,  (Jill,  Pro*;.  Ac.  Nat.  8ci.  IMiiln.  1802, 2:m  (pclta     aculratut:  imnm  only) . 

This  genus  is  inturni«Mliute  brtwoeii  Chelmon  iiiid  Chatodon,  having  th« 
|)ro(luc('(l  snout  of  tliu  fornuT  and  n  tin  formula  more  like  that  UHuully 
Hoen  in  the  latter.  .Scales  large.  One  H)»ttie8  known.  {Tt/jo,  before; 
yyixOo?,  jaw;  c/SoS,  likonosa.) 

2088.  IMtOdNATIIOUEK  AllILKATIS  (IVioy). 

Head  3;  depth  2.  I).  XIII,  19;  A.  Ill,  1.5;. scales  8-IO-lf».  Snout  mod- 
erately produced,  uboiit  k  length  of  head;  profile  steep,  concave.  Maxil- 
lary reaching  to  middle  of  snout.  Anglo  of  i)reopercle  rounded,  minutely 
serrate.  Dorsal  spines  long  and  very  strong;  fourth  sjtine  2  in  depth; 
membrane  between  spines  deeply  notched;  soft  anal  higher  than  soft 
dorsal,  their  basal  halves  alone  scaled;  caudal  truncate.  Uniform  reddish 
brown,  with  shining  lonj^iitudinal  streaks,  following  the  series  of  scales; 
spinous  dorsal  and  its  base  blackish;  soft  dorsal  bordered  with  orange; 
other  lins  yellowish  or  colorless;  border  of  opercle  orange;  ocular  band 
dark,  narrower  than  eye,  without  jtaler  border,  not  extending  below  eye. 
(GUnther.)  West  Indies.  Known  only  from  the  accounts  of  Giinther  and 
Poey.     (aciilfatiia,  s|)ine.) 

Vhelmoii  aculeattis,  I'oEY,  Memoriae,  n,  202,  July,  I860,  Havana. 
Chelmo  pelta,  GUntueu,  Cut.,  u,  .18,  Septi'iiilM'T,  18C0,  lociilitv  iinknowii. 
I'rofjuathodes  aciili-atun,  PoEy,  Syuopals,  354,  1868;  Eioenmann  &.  HoUNiNO,  Aim.  N.  T. 
Ac.  Sci.,  IV,  1887,  2. 


li 


658.  FORCIPIGER,  .Jordan  &  McGregor. 
Foreipiger,  Joudan  &.  McGiiKdOii,  new  genus  (lomjiroxtrit). 

This  genus  differs  from  Chehnon,  Cuvier,  in  the  long  and  high  spinous 
dorsal,  which  is  composed  of  12  stout  spines  (9  in  Chelmon).  The  snout, 
as  in  Chtlmon,  is  very  long  and  slender,  bearing  the  short,  lorcep-like 
jaws  at  the  end.  From  Pro<inaihodi8,  a  genus  still  more  closely  related, 
Forcipifier  differs  in  the  small  scales,  there  being  about  75  in  a  horizontal 
wenes.  Pacific  Ocean.  Two  closely  related  species  known — /•'.  loiKjirontris 
(Cuvier  &  Valenciennes)  from  the  East  Indies,  and  the  following,  (forceps, 
tweezers ;  (]e)'o,  I  bear. ) 

2084.  FOBI'IPHIKU  FI.A  VISSIMrS,  .Ionian  &.  McGregor,  new  species. 

Head  21;  depth  2;  eye  (il  in  head.  1).  XII,  22;  A.  Ill,  17;  snout  1^  in 
iioad.  Potly  short,  strongly  compressed,  its  outline  angular;  anterior 
protile  very  steep,  concave.  Mouth  small,  at  the  tip  of  the  projecting 
snout;  cleft  of  mouth  1^  in  eye.  Scales  ((uite  small,  ctenoid,  9-75-35, 
irregularly  placed,  smaller  on  head  and  bases  of  tins,  the  rows  along  lateral 
line  parallel  with  it  only  anteriorly,  those  below  run  horr/.ontally  on  lower 
parts  of  the  body  and  irregularly  upward  and  backward  above;  lateral 
line  concurrent  with  the   back.      Dorsal   spines  extremely  strong,  fifth 


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1672 


linlUtin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


apino  If  in  bend,  lon|i^ost  Hoft  rays  2j  in  heiid;  caudal  2,';  in  head,  sli^litly 
tunate,  upper  lobe  longer;  third  anal  Hpino  very  long,  much  lunger  tiian 
Hecond,  l.;|  in  head;  pectoral  1^  in  head;  ventral  \\  in  hea<l.  Color  briglii, 
orange,  deepest  at  base  of  dornal;  hea«l  and  n.-ipe  abruptly  bla(  k  to  level 
of  lower  i^oint  of  eye,  below  thiH  ])oiut  rud<liBh  pearly;  breaut  and  lown 
jaw  nearly  white;  preorbital  bones  ]>aler  than  cheekH,  which  are  niottleil 
with  bntwiiiah;  median  regi<m  of  top  of  head  paler;  pectoral  slightly 
dusky;  dorHtil  and  anal  colored  like  body,  the  hiHt  rays  of  anal  with  :i 
large  black  blotch,  vertically  oblong,  its  longest  diameter  a  little  greater 
than  diameter  of  eye,  not  ocellated  a.s  in  h\  lomjWoHtru ;  soft  rays  of  dorsnl 
and  anal  blackish  at  tip,  the  very  edge  pale;  caudal  abruptly  blackisli. 
This  species  is  extremely  close  to  F.  lonyiroatris,  which  is  common  in  tlio 
Kast  Indies.  The  American  species  ditlers,  however,  in  the  deeper  body 
and  the  much  larger  anal  spot,  which  is  almost  round  in  the  East  Indian 
species.  Rocky  Islands,  otf  the  west  coast  of  M(!xico;  numerous  speci- 
mens from  Clarion  and  Socorro  islands,  (>  to  8  inches  in  length.  (Jlari88i- 
VIU8,  very  yellow.) 

Forcipiger  Jlavixtimn/i,  Jokdan  \-  McGkkciou  MS.,  Clarion  iiiiil  Socorro  islands,  Revil- 
lagigedo  Archipelago.  (Type,  No.  5709,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  MiiH.  Coll.  Kiclinrd  (J.  Me 
Orogor.) 

659.  CH^TODON  '■  (Artedi)  Linnanis. 

( ISUTTEKKLY-KISIIKS.) 

ClKVlodon,  AuTKDi,  Gonora,  51, 1738  (niiniorous  Hpociuti,  the  first  one  mentiouod  bolo.ngiDg 
to  I'umacunthvii;  nonbinoniiul). 

Tetragonoptnig,  Klein,  llistoria  Pisciiuii,  37,  1744  (many  species;  strialus,  etc.;  non- 
binomial). 

ChfKtodon,  LiNN.T.us,  Systoma  Nature,  Eil.  x,  272, 1758  (includt's  all  known  Cha'todnntid(v). 

Vhalodoii,  CiviEK,  l{tj.;n()  .Vninial,  Ed.  11,  \'ol.  2,  189,  1820  {»tnatus,  cainstralwi;  lirat 
restriction  ol'  the  niimo  to  the  present  group). 

h'abdophonm,  Swainson,  ClaH.s'n  Fishes,  11,  21,  1839  iephippium) . 

Cilliarwdus,  Kaup,  Wiegmann's  Archiv,  1860  {iiwi/eri). 

Linophora,  Kaup,  Wiogniann's  Arehiv,  1860  {aiiriga). 

tiarofhrodnf!,  Giu.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sei.  Thila.  1862,  238  {Chmtodon  CliVlEli,  nee  AiiTKDi; 
offered  as  a  substitutu  I'or  C'lia'tudon,  the  latter  name  being  tran.sl'erred  to  I'omacaii 
thus). 

Tholichthys,  UiNTMKU,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  18G8,  4r)7  {ossciin,-  larval  lorin). 

Tetraijonoptrus,  Bi.kkkku,  Kev.  Famille  (Mia-todouioidus,  52,  1877  (ttriattis). 

ChiHodontopg,  Hi.EKKKU,  t.  <;.,53,  1877  (riilltiris). 

Ifemuiicetudoii,  JM.ekkkk,  i.  ('.,53, 1877  {capUtratus). 

[ji'jndochu'todon,  Mi.ioEKKU,  J.  c,  .'>4, 1877  (iinimnctUattts). 

(lonocha'fodoii,  I'.LEKKEU,  i.e.,. "it,  1877  {tnanimlnvi). 

Chatodon,  Jordan  \-.  (iii.iiEUT,  Synopsis,  014,  1883  (restriction  \n  ca2>in(raUis) 

Anitochcetodon,  KlOnzingku,  Fische  des  Kotheu  Meerea,  54,  1884  (aiiriga). 


*  The  Linniean  genus,  dhwlodon.  is  based  on  varuius  si)oeie.-',  eliielly  of  this  family,  the 
Pumacentridce  and  Triit/iididie.  Forskiil,  in  177.'>,  removed  the  latter  elements  to'  form 
his  subgenera  .li(((/('/</('/ and  AcaiilliurKU;  I'dinacanthim  and  Uolafunlltus  were  removed 
by  Lacepede,  r.nd  by  Ciivierthe  genus  was  limited  e.Hsentially  to  its  present  boundaries. 
One  of  the  two  Liiimean  species,  Uriatiis  and  cni>in(ratux,  mentioned  by  Cuviermust  be 
regarded  as  the  type  of  Chwtodon.  Of  these  stiiatun  was  chosen  as  tyjio  of  Tetrac/onup 
tenis,  which  would  apiiarently  leave  capittraliis  as  the  type  of  VIm'todon.  The  use  by 
lUeeker  of  Vhmtodon  for  I'oVKicaiithns  is  justilicd  only  by  the  peculiar  rules  of  nomenclii 
ture  adopted  by  lUeeker.  This  code  recogni/ed  pre'^aiimean  genera,  and  made  the  lirst 
species  mentioned  under  a  new  geuerit;  name  as  the  type  of  it. 


Jordan  aud  F.vcrmanit. — Fishes  of  North  America.     107.3 


Body  short,  deep,  very  strongly  roinproftsod,  oHpo(!liilly  al)ov«  and  bnliind ; 
lnMid  small,  coiiipreHsed,  almost  everywiioro  Ht-uly ;  mouth  very  hiiiiiH, 
tormina],  the  Jaws  pntvidi-d  with  long,  HltMidor,  lloxihle,  Itristio-Uko  tooth; 
\(inicr  HomctimoH  with  toeth;  prooiHTculiim  entire  or  nearly  h«»,  without 
H,iiuo.  DorHul  lin  Mingle,  continuous,  not  notclu-d,  tho  H])iuouH  ]uirt  longer 
than  tlio  soft  part,  of  ab(Uit  13  spiuos,  tho  spincH  not  graduated,  Homr 
(f  the  middle  ones  being  longer  than  tho  luHt;  lant  rays  of  soft  dorsal 
usually  rapidly  Hhortoiied,  some  of  tht>m  ocoaHioually  tilamontoiis  (in  Kast 
Indian  Hpocit's);  caudal  pedumle  short,  the  caudal  lin  fan-shaped;  anal 
Miiiilar  to  soft  dorsal,  preceded  by  3  or  4  strong  spines.  Ilody  covered 
w  ith  rather  large  ctenoid  scales,  somewhat  irregular  in  tlu-ir  arrangement; 
I  iit>  lateral  line  curved,  high,  parallel  with  the  back,  (iill  openings  rather 
narrow,  the  membranes  narrowly  joined  to  tho  isthmus;  branch iostegals 
(1.  A  very  large  genus  of  singular  and  beautiful  lishcs,  abiuip.vling  in  the 
tiopical  seas,  especially  aliout  volcanic  rocks  and  conil  reefs;  nmst  of 
tliom  have  tho  body  crossed  by  transverse  black  bars.  'I'hcy  are  all  very 
;i(  tive,  feeding  on  small  animals,     {xairti,  bristle;  ol^nvz,  tooth.) 

a.  Scales  on  trunk  all  subnquiil,  their  poHteriur  niargiim  rcf^iilurly  ruunded.    Noun  of 

the  rays  of  the  Koft  dornal  produced. 
Cii-KTOUONTOI'S  (('hwltidoti;  uj\jj,  a|>))caraiicc) : 

b.  Series  of  Htwilen  lidow  axis  of  liody  rinuiiii;:ol>lii|ii('ly  upward  and  backward,  the  low- 

eHt  beeoiniiiK  more  or  Ichh  liori/oiitul. 
0.  Ucular  baud  exteudiii^  from  nape  only  to  e.>e;  a  trauHverHO  band  between  eyc.s. 

NKllMltOSTIUS,  2085. 

CO.  Ocular  band  extending  from  nap<!  beyond  eyo  across  tiic  check  and  intcroperclo. 
d.  Base  of  soft  dorsal  with  a  large  black  spot,  not  ouellated. 

DCEI.LATUS,   2080. 

lid.  Haso  of  soft  dorsal  without  black  spot, 

e.  Humeral  band  present.  IICMERAlib,  2087. 

ee.  ilumcral  band  ab.sent. 

/.  Body  with  a  dark  band  lietwecn  dorsal  and  anal,  no  caudal 

ocellus, 

g.  Ocular  band  edged  with  yellowish  or  whitish  above,  soft 

dorsal  and  anal  witli  much  lilack.     sEDKNTAKirs,  2UH8. 

gy.  Oculiir  band  .j('t-l)lack,  not  white  edged;  soft  dorsal  and 

anal  without  idack.  ava,  2()80. 

//.  IJody  without  black  cross  baiMi;^,  tlic  ocular  liamlonly  present ; 

an  ocellus  on  caudal  peduncle.  at.kniatih,  2000. 

Ch-KTOUON: 

bb.  Series  of  scales  below  axis  of  body  extending  downward  and  l(a<'U  ward,  forming  an 

angle  wili\  those  aliovo,  each  .sia'ics  marked  by  a  continuous  black  streak. 

h.  Body  without  ocelli,  crossed  by  dark  bands.  stiuaTUS,  2001. 

hh.  Hody  with  a  largo  black  ocellus  below  soft  dorsal.  cai'ISTBATUs,  2092. 

hlih.  Body  with  2  ocelli,  a  large  one  on  caudal  peduncle  and  a  snuiller  one  on  lirst 

8  or  9  soft  rays  of  dorsal  bbicei,  209a. 


i\ 


Subgenus  CH.ffiTODONTOPS,  TUeeker. 

2085.  I'H.tTODON  MtiUIItOSTKIS  (CJill). 

D.  XII,  24;  A.  Ill,  20;  scales  tl.     Body  deep,  tho  depth  If  in  extrenm 
length;  snout  little  produced,  its  length  less  than  that  of  eye;  ocular  baud 
extending  from  dorsal  only  to  eye,  not  iicro8.s  tho  check;  miizzlo  with  a 
3030 2« 


ii 

• 

■ 

I: 

.!- 

TiflR  HI 

li, 

411 

1674  nullctin  /7,  IhiHed  States  National  Museum. 


bltit'kiHh  biiiitl;  it  tniiiHVt'rmi  buml  butwu<<ii  lliu  oyuH,  iiiiich  iiurruwur  tliim 
eyo;  u  biiii«l  bntwtMMi  dorHiil  tin  aiitl  interoibitiil  iir««ii,  deHuoiidiii^  to  tcn,- 
pleHiiiHlbor(lur(><l  witb  wbitiHh;  another  aoroHHtloiHiil  tin,  caiiilal  {MMliinch  , 
and  nuiir  margin  of  unal,  the  anterior  inurKin  of  >vhlrh  extciulH  from  tlio 
baao  of  tlin  iint«M'ior  Noft  rays  to  axilla  gf  anal  tin;  oiiiidal,  inodiicfd  ]iiiit 
of  dovHiil,  niiir^iu  of  aiinl,  and  nil  of  pectoral  and  ventral  lina  palu.  ('ii|,<' 
San  LucaH;  only  tlieort);inal  typra  known,    (hm/o)*,  black;  >-o«/r>M/(,  buiiK  ) 

Sarothriidm  Mt'/WcoWWti,  (ili.i.,  I'ror.  Ac  Nut.  Sci.  Philn.  18fl'.>,  24;i,  Cape  San  Lucbs      ('mII. 

Xiiiilim.) 
Vha-tiiilim  ni>jnn>Mtiiii,.)om>AN  .V  <in.UKHT,  Troo,  V.  S.  Niit,  Muh.  1««2,  ;t63j  Kiuknmakm  .v 

UuUMNd,  I.  v.,  7,  1887. 

tona.  ni.KTOiM»\  orKUiATi's,  iuim^Ii. 

(I'AIUMM.  J    ISAIIKI.IT.V  I)K  I.A  Al.TO.) 

Head  3;  deptb  1.1.  1).  Xll  or  XIII,  20;  A.  Ill,  U\;  Hcalos  «!-:J4-ir»  HI  i  , 
u  median  Hi>ritiM.  Hody  Hnbrhoniboidul,  the  anterior  protiln  concave;  .snout, 
Homewliiit  ]»rodnrod,  lonnor  than  eye  in  adnit;  lateral  lino  extenilin^-  to 
below  posterior  third  of  Hoft  dorHal ;  dorsal  and  anal  tins  an^ulated  behnnl. 
Color  golden  Ki'ay ;  a  larjje  nonocelli'ted  black  spot  on  base  of  soft  dtirHul, 
an  indistinct  band  exten<ling  vertically  from  this  spot  to  base  of  auul ;  u 
small  black  spot  on  tip'of  soft  dorsal  (not  present  in  young);  ocular bainl 
narrower  than  eye,  extendinjj  from  in  front  of  dorsal  through  eye  ami 
over  interopercle;  no  humeral  band;  a  black  spot  onopercle  above.  West 
Indian  fauna;  common  at  Havana,  the  young  straying  northward  in  tiii< 
Gulf  Stream  to  New  Jersey  and  Khodo  Island.  (oceUatua,  with  eye-liko 
spots. ) 

Chivtinlon  iit'ellalvn,  lU.OCll,  Iclithologiii,  ))1.  211,  llg.  2, 1787. 

Vhivtoilon  hliiMciilatun,  Bux'ii,  Iclillidlo^ia,  1)1.210,  ll«.  1,  1790;  Cuvier  &.  Valenciennkh, 

IliKt.Nat.PoisM.,  vii,fl7,  isai;  ToKV,  Meinorlas,  u,  1171,  1800;  GltNiiiKn,  Cat.,  n,!t,18G0; 

J()Ki>A\  iV  (Ju.inaiT,  SyiioiMis, 040, 1883. 
Hanitlirodumnaculociiictui,* CiU.i,,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  Pliila.  1801,00,  Newport,  R.  I.;  younc. 
Sarotlirtxlus  amiiU:ticiiUin,  I'OKV,  lOiiiiineriitio,  Oil,  187.'>,  Cuba;  young. 
OlitfUodon  iiiaeuloiHnctiiH,  Joudan  \-.  (in.iiKit'i',  .Synopsi.t,  <U6, 1883. 
Cliietodun  ocellatuM,  Ekie.nman.n  &,  IIoumno,  I.  c,  7, 1887. 


2087.  <  II.KTODON  III  MKItAI.IS,  (iiintlier 

(MuSkca;  Doi.i,  Fish.) 

iread3;  depth  U;  eye:?.  1).  XIII,  lit);  A.  Ill,  17;  scales  (i-:J0-17.  Mody 
deep,  the  back  elevated,  the  prolilo  steepand  slightly  concave  or  .straight; 
snout  very  slightly  produced,  shorter  than  eye.    Scales  rather  large;  .ill 

"  Cliwtodon  maciilocinctii.1  (Gnx).  Head  23;  ilopth  IJ.  1).  XII,  19;  A.  Ill,  17.  liody 
Hiiborbicular,  closely  (Mini]>reHHe<l ;  proUlo  steep,  concave,  tliti  Bhort  xnuiit  j)ro,ji't'tin;;; 
nioiitli  very  sniiill,  niaxilliiry  not  riiachinf;  tlie  vcitical  from  the  anterior  nostril;  cauiliii 
l)eilunclo  very  short;  luteral  lino  beuinnin);  at  iiiiper  angle  of  operde,  running  ol)li(|iitly 
upward  to  o]>posito  tlio  base  of  noft  dorHal  and  tiien  decurved,  ending  opposite  extremity 
of  soft  dorsal.  Olivaceous,  darker  above;  a  dark-brown  band  from  beginning  of  doi>-.il 
tin  obli(|uely  forward  through  eye  and  across  the  cheeks;  a  second  bar  beginning  in  ,i 
blotch  on  H(»ft  dorsal,  runs  vertically  atToss  the  body.  Atlantic  coast  in  the  (iulf  Stream; 
doubtless  the  youug  of  Chaitudon  occllatut. 


Joniau  aud  EvettnanH. — rishes  of  North  Anicriai,     1075 


in  Mt-rloH  niiiiiiiiK  nitwiu<l  ami  l»m'l<\viinl,  IIm*  H««ri«s  not  iMiirkc«l  liy  coiitlii- 
iHiiiH  liliK'.k  HtriNikH,  oitlit'i'  plain  (ir  wiili  dimky  HpotM;  liiteral  liii<>  oxtt^iul- 
ini^  t<»  lioluw  iiimtt'iior  »mi(1  ul"  suit  dniHiil.  Coloi-  ;;i>lilt>ti  K'".v ;  lh«»  Itliitk 
(Millar  liiind  nnrruwin'  than  o,ve,  ed^til  >vitli  pulo,  cxtt^ndin^  tVum  napu 
ai'i-oHH  «\vc  iiiiil  over  cluM-k  and  int<'ro))ni-(lo;  lnim<Tiil  liatid  picsont,  liro.idcr 
tliaii  t^yc,  I'Xti'iidinK  lioin  tVotit  of  spinous  dorsal  tliitin^b  liaHo  of  pt'cloral 
10  ventral;  a  lirou<l  hand  iVoni  last  dorsal  spines  tu  haso  of  anal;  soil  dor- 
sal  and  anal  with  a  dark  hand  parallol  witii  tho  niarj^in;  :i  dark  liandu 
acroHs  cautlal  pt-diinrlr  at  hanu  id'  lin;  ramlal  tin  with  a  taint  hainl;  von- 
na  Is  dark;  ]it;(>toral  ant  I  cd^i^sol'  vurti<  al  tins  pah).  I'ai'ilic  coast  of  tropiial 
America  frotn  <inayniari  '  .>  Panama  ;*  very  r.onimoii,  «'Hpei;ially  aliont  rorks. 
I.i'ny,th  S  iindies.  A  handsonu^  littlo  tish.  {hutueralia,  iK-rlainin;;  to  the 
shoulder  from  the  hroad  humeral  hand.) 

rhirtmhiii  Inniifniliii.  (irNTUKIl,  Cut.,  II,  111,  IHIKI,  Sandwich  Inlands  (l>y  orror) ;  liiMiiKlt, 
1''Ih1h's  Cciitinl  Amcriiii,  H'.l,  jil.  (i,'i,  liy.  It,  IHIWI;  ICiiiK.NMA.NN  i»i:  IIoummi,  /.  c.  s,  I8H7| 
KVICIIJIANN  \  .iKNKlNs,  I'roc.  U.S.  Xllt.  Mu8.  ISUl,  1(10. 


20HH.  <  iii:toim>\  si;i»i:>TAitirs,  Pooy. 

llead:U,;  dejjth  If.  h.  XIII, 2»;  A.  Ill,  li);  scales 7-:tS-17.  llody  rather 
deep,  the  haek  elevated;  Huoiit  suhuonieal,  somewli.'it  produced,  scarcely 
as  loii^  a8  eye,  the  itiolile  concave.  Dorsal  and  anal  somrwhat  rounded 
behind.  Kows  of  scalcH  cxtemling  upward  and  hack  ward  on  up]ier  parts 
<<\'  hody,  those  ahove  most  ohli(|ue,  those  of  siiles  of  hclly  mostly  nearly 
liori/ontal ;  no  dark  streakH  alon-;;  scales.  Hody  yellowish,  tlnsky  above; 
iicular  hand  dusky,  very  hroad  ahove,  narrower  holow,  edjicil  with  whit- 
ish ahove  in  front,  and  broadly  niarj;ined  with  yellow  behind  above, 
roiitinued  below  ai'ross  the  intcropercle.  tho  j'djiinjis  iiierj;inK  below  to 
silvery;  a  very  broad  tlarU-brown  vertical  hand  from  extrcMiiity  of  dorsal 
across  tail  over  posleritir  half  <d'  .soft  dorsal  and  anal,  tidied  iudiind  with 
white;  camlal  and  ventrals  jiale.  West  Indies;  rather  seance;  our  speci- 
iiien  taken  by  the  Alhatross  at  St.  Lucia.     (xedi-Htariidi,  quiot,  juonc  to  sit.) 

CliiHixUin  svilentaiiiin,  I'oKV,  MuiiiuriiiH,  ii,  'JOI!,  18(5(>,  Cuba:  Kuib.NMANN  &  Hduninu,  I.  c, 

8,  18H7. 
I'luvtitdon  iiittcilU,  (U'NTIIBK,  Ciil.,  Il,  2(i,  18(iU,  Caribbean  Sea;  West  Indies. 
Sttfotlirodu*  scdentariiix,  I'dkv,  Syiioi»tds,  ;iU4,  18U8. 


i 


!>• 


•JOHH.  (11  KTOI>(»  AYA,  .l..i(liin. 


Head  2.i;  depth  1:1;  snout  2ii  in  head.  D.  XU,  1«;  A.  Ill,  17;  scales 
!)-I56-17.  Hody  short  and  deep,  8tronH:ly  compressed.  Snout  narrow, 
sharp,  considerably  produced,  its  outline  lbrmiu<j;  in  front  of  eye  a  sharp 
aii}j;le  with  the  prolilo  of  tho  head;  anterior  profile  steep  and  straij'lit 
liom  before  eye  to  lirst  dorsal  spine;  eye  larf;e,  about  as  lonj;  as  snout 
(in  young),  a  little  longer  than  post-orbital  part  of  head.  Dorsal  lin 
high,  the  second  spine  highest,  very  strong,  as  long  as  head;  soft  dorsal 

*  ICrronuoiiHly  attributed  to  tbu  Sumlwich  Lslaiuls  by  I>r.  (iiiiithur:  tho  lyiics  itrobulily 
troiii  fanuuiu. 


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1076         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


hi^h,  higher  than  thu  poHterior  spiues,  tho  lougestrays  about  i,  head;  aiiiil 
Hiinilui-  to  aoft  UorHul,  its  hocoikI  spine  stouter  than  third,  ami  about  <'i|iiiil 
to  it  in  length,  about  4  length  of  head;  caudal  iin  somewhat  rounded,  l.i 
in  head;  ventrals  not  quite  reaching  anal;  pertorals  still  shorter.  Scalen 
of  moderate  size,  tlu^  soft  parts  of  tho  vertical  tins  loss  scaly  than  usual : 
lateral  lino  running  very  high  and  ceasing  abruptly  under  tirst  ray  of  suti 
dorsal.  Color  in  spirits,  light  yellowish,  with  2  oblique  jet-black  cross 
bunds,  and  no  other  spots  or  ocelli,  first  band  involving  first  and  second 
dorsal  npincs,  then  extending  downward  and  forward,  close  beliind  tin 
line  of  the  prolilo  and  across  the  eye  and  across  the  cheek,  where  it  is 
fainter;  this  band  a  little  narrower  than  tlieoye;  the  Hecond  Itand  niont 
than  twice  as  broad  as  the  first,  beginning  abruptly  with  neai'ly  all  the 
membrane  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  dorsal  spines,  covering  the  fifth  spine 
from  its  base  to  near  its  tip;  tho  posterior  border  of  the  black  band 
extending  from  near  the  tip  of  the  fourth  spine  in  a  straight  line  across 
the  dorsal  fin  and  the  body  to  near  the  base  of  the  last  anal  ray;  tho 
anterior  margin  runs  in  a  slightly  concave  line  from  the  base  of  the  fourth 
sjiine  to  the  middle  of  the  base  of  the  anal;  the  lower  border  follows  the 
base  of  the  anal  tin  without  including  any  of  it;  this  band  broadest  on 
the  dorsal  fin  and  gradually  narrows  downward;  middle  line  of  foreheail 
with  a  dusky  shade;  no  <lark  on  soft  dorsal,  caudal,  caudal  peduncle,  anal, 
pectorals,  ventrals,  or  opercles.  Glulf  of  Mexico,  in  rather  deep  water;  tli<' 
type  \h  inches  long,  taken  from  the  stomach  of  Xcomanis  luja  on  thi' 
Sniipper  Banks.  («»/«,  specific  name  of  the  fish  {Ntomanta  aya)  in  whose 
stomach  the  type  specimen  was  found.) 

CAeefodon  iii/o,  Jordan,  rroc.l'.S.  Nat.  Afus.  1886, 225,  Snapper  Banks,  near  Pensacola, 
Florida  (Type,  No.  37747.  Coll.  Jordan  &  Stcarus) ;  Eiuenmann  &.  Hobnino,  I.  c,  x. 
1887. 


52090.  liI.ETODOX  AT.KMATLS  (I'ooy). 


A 


Body  oval,  the  depth  2  in  total  length;  eye  3i  in  head  (3  in  young 
of  1  inch);  scales  not  in  series,  having  contrary  directions  as  in  Chatodon 
capiatratus;  scales  in  lateral  line  35,  the  scries  ending  at  end  of  dorsal. 
Color  steel  gray;  fins  yellowish;  ocular  band  present,  but  no  other  cross 
bands;  below  end  of  lateral  line  and  above  middh;  of  caudal  peduncle  a 
black  ocellus  smaller  than  in  Chwtodon  capiatratus.  Havana  (Poey) ;  known 
from  one  very  young  specimen,  unless  Chwtodon  univolor  is  tho  same  spe- 
cies, as  is  probable,     (a-,  without;  raivi'a,  ribbon  or  band.) 

Sarothrodut  atcmiatun,  I'OKY,  Synopsis,  35!),  1868,  Havana. 

f  Chwtodon  unicolor,  *  Sauvage,  IJull.  Sci.  I'hilom.,  iv,  222, 1880,  Martinique.    (Coll.  Bt^lan 
ger.) 

*  The  following  is  the  original  description  of  Ghcetodon  unicolor .-  D.  XIII,  19 ;  A.  Ill,  If) ; 
lat.  4U.  Hauteur  du  corps  conteiiue  deux  fois  dans  la  louuuenr.  Aluseau  pointu,  un  pen 
plus  lojifitquelediainetrede  I'oeil;  preopercule  denteJe.  Corps  decoleiir  brune  unifomie, 
rembruni  sur  le  dos;  uue  bande  oculaire  etroite;  extr^mite  ue  la  dorsale  molle  et  de  Tan- 
ale  de  coui^^ur  claire;  ventrales  griaAtres.  Longeur  0.80  ui.  Martinique.  I161auger. 
{tmicolor,  cue-colored.) 


ii 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1077 


2001.  Cil.KTODON  STIHATIJN,  Lliinirns. 

(HUTTEHKLY.) 

Head 3;  depth  li ;  eyo3;?.  D.  XII  or  XI, 21;  A. Ill, 8;  Bcalos 8-40-16.  Ilody 
oviite,  coinpreHsed,  the  anterior  jtrofilc  somewhat  concavo.  Soft  dorsal  and 
Miiiil  Homewhat  angrlato  b*-hiud;  snout  litth'  produced,  vory  little  lonjjer 
tlian  «'ye.  Scries  of  soaloa  above  lateral  lino  riiuning  npwiird  and  haek- 
wjird,  less  straight  than  in  Chatodon  vapistratits,  above  and  below  with  a 
I  ontinuons  black  streak,  which  i.s  conspicuous,  the  Htreaks  soniowhat 
undulate,  convarfjing  backward.  Series  of  scales  below  axis  of  body  run- 
ning downward  and  backward,  more  nearly  horizontal  than  in  ('hotodon 
rajmtratus.  Sid«»  whitish,  with  narrow  dark  lines  between  the  rows  of 
.scales;  a  black  stripe  from  occiput  through  eye  to  lower  side  of  head;  a 
broad,  dusky  band  from  anterior  part  of  dorsal  across  sides  behind  pectoral 
iind  ventral,  not  hiding  the  longitudinal  markings;  an4»th«>r  similar  one 
IVom  posterior  i)art  of  spinous  dorsal  to  and  across  middle  of  anal ;  an  olive 
biind  across  caudal  peduncle  and  tins  adjacent;  soff:  dorsal  and  anal  light 
lit  base,  a  broad  olive  biind  through  middle,  this  edged  with  black,  the  tips 
narrowly  yellowish ;  caudal  similar,  but  with  an  additional  col«»rles8  mar- 
gin; olive  mottlin.ijs  at  basi*  of  caudal;  pectoral  colorless ;  ventral  plain, 
dusky,  lighter  at  base;  sometimes  a  large,  ill-defined,  rosy  blotch  behind 
pectoral.  West  Indies  to  Brazil,  rather  connnon ;  our  speciiiien  from  Ituhia. 
(«/>•».-<<««,  striped.) 

ChiHodon  maerole%ii(^:tlns,  lineiK  utriiKpie  trihus  ni<;ris  hili*,  Artedi,  Synopsis,  05, 17^8;  no 

locality. 
Ldbrus  rostro  rcjlexu  faaeiis  lateraUInu Inhuxj'ugcU,  LinN/KI's,  AinaMi.  Af..,  i,  595. 1749 ;  af'tttr 

AllTEDI. 

Vhattodon  striatus,  LiN.\;F,rs,  Syat.  Nat.,  Ed.  X,  275,  1758,  India  (after  Chmlodon  inacrolei>i 
dolus,  etc.,  Artedi);  Cuvier  &.  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  PoisH.,  vii,  10,  1831;  J'oev, 
Memorlas,  n,  371.  I860;  GC-.nthek,  Cat.,  n,  8,  I860;  Eioenmann  &  Hornino,  I.  c,  8, 1887. 

Sarothrodut  striattm,  Poey,  Synopsis,  352, 1868. 

Subgenus  CH.STODON. 


,,■  t 


2U»2.  Cli.ETODOX  CAPIKTKATl'S,  Linn.-niis. 

(PARCHfe.) 

Head  3i;  depth  IJ.  D.  XIII  (or  XII),  19;  A.  Ill,  17;  scales  6-42-17. 
Hody  not  very  deep,  the  back  moderately  eh'vated,  the  anterior  profile 
somewhat  concave;  snout  somewhat  produced,  as  long  as  the  eye;  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  fins  angulated  behind;  dorsal  spines  rather  slender; 
scales  rather  large,  their  arrangement  peculiar,  those  above  the  level  of 
the  upper  part  of  the  eye  placed  in  straight  serif's  which  run  upward  and 
liackward,  those  below  this  line  in  series  running  similarly  downward  and 
backward,  each  series  of  scales  being  sharply  marked  by  a  continuous 
blackish  streak  on  the  skin  underneath  the  scab's.  Ocular  band  black, 
edged  on  both  sides  with  white,  much  narrower  than  eye,  and  extending 
across  eye  and  cheek,  the  2  meeting  on  the  nape;  a  very  largo  jet-black 
spot,  i  broader  than  eye,  broadly  ocellated  with  whitish  on  body  below 
soft  dorsal;  soft  anal  and  caudal  each  with  a  brown  baud  becoming  black 


l(i}78         Didldin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


on  oacli  (Mlge,  tlio  ono  on  caudal  iiiOHt  distinct;  tlic  edges  of  verticiil  (ins 
Jibinptly  pair.  Length  (i  inclioa.  West  Indies,  generally  common;  our 
npecimens  examined  from  Havana.  A  most  beautiful  little  fisb.  {miu- 
atratua,  'wearing  a  bridle  or  headdress. ) 

(Jhcetoihm  capistrahit,  Linn;j;us,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  x,  275, 1758,  India;  on  a  specinion  in  Miis 
A(lolpliFre<loiicij  Ci'viEUit  Vai.k^ciknnes,  Hist.  Nnt.  I'tiisH.,  vn,  64, 1831 ;  (ilNTiii  ii, 
Cat.,  n,  12, 1800;  Joudan  &  (Jilheut  SyiiojisiH,  !»4n,  1883:  Ekjenmann  A^  lIonNi.su,  I.  r. 
9, 18K7. 

SarothroduH  capintratiin,  Poky,  Kiiiiiiittratio,  02, 1H75. 


in.- 


'y  ■■■$' 


.  V'l- 


2(H>:t.  ni.KTonoN  itni(;i:i,  ir.  m.  Smith. 

Head  about  3;  deptli  11;  oyo  largo,  2{;  in  head.     l).Xin,20;  A.  III.  IS; 
scales  (i-'iO-17.      IJody  short,  deej),  and  mneh  eompressed;  profile  steep. 
slightly  convex;  head  rather  large,  pointed;  mouth  small,  terminal;  snout 
not  produced,  {;  length  of  eye;  lateral  line  beginning  at  posterior  edge  ol 
eye,  curving  upward  and  Itackward,  and  terminating  under  anterior  part 
of    soft   dorsal    fin;    scales  large,  the  rows  above  longitudinal  axis  ot 
body  directed  upward  and  backward,  those  below  inclined  slightly  down- 
ward.    Caudal  peduncle  very  8h(»rt,  about  as  broad  as  eye.    Dorsal  long, 
elevated,  the  longest  spine  'i  length  of  head;  soft  dorsal  evenly  roundetl ; 
basal  half  of  both  portions  of  lin  thickly  covered  with  small  scales;  dor- 
sal origin  opposite  posterior  edge  of  opercle;  anal  fin  deep,  long,  rounded, 
the  proximal  |   of  soit  ])ortion  densely  s(]namated,  the  small  scales  also 
covering  the  bases  of  second  and  third  spines;  caudal  short,  rounded ; 
pectorals  J  length  of  head,  rounded ;  ventrals  as  long  as  pectorals,  pointed. 
Colors  in  life :  Geiu^ral  body  color,  pearly  gray ;  a  glistening  jet-black  liaml 
about  *  width  of  eye  and  having  a  ibrward  curve  beginning  a  short  dis- 
tance in  front  of  dorsal  and  extending  downward  through  eye  and  thence 
downward  and  backward  to  lower  margin  of   gill  opening;    this  not 
extending  on   breast  and  hence  not  meeting  its   fellow  of  the  opposite! 
side;  above  eye  this  stripe  is  bordered  on  each  side  by  a  very  narrow  pale 
streak;  a  dull  luaekish  baud,  li times  as  wide  as  eye,  running  vertically 
acro.ss  body  from  base  of  dorsal  to  median  line  of  abdomen;  the  anterior 
border  of  this  band  extending  from  front  ot  dorsal  to  posterior  angle  of 
opercle,  thence  itbliqnely  downward  and  backward  behind  base  of  pectoral : 
behind  this  band  and  separated  from  it  by  a  space  somewhat  wider  than 
eye  is  another  dark  bsind,  duller  and  f  wider,  with  its  anterior  edge  curved 
forward  and  its  posterior  margin  on  the  caudal  peduncle;  involving  about, 
J  width  of  this  band,  and  extending  from  dorsal  to  ventral  edge  of  body 
is  a  large,  circular  ocellus,  more  than  li  times  eye,  consisting  of  a  dark- 
blue  spot  surrounded  by  a  narrow  white  zone,  which  covers  a  part  of  the 
base  of  the  soft  dorsal;  immediately  above  this,  and  within  the  cxtensiim 
on  the  dorsal  fin  of  the  dark  band,  is  another  similar  but  smaller  ocellus. 
about  the  size  of  eye,  involving  first  8  or  9  rays  of  soft  dorsal;  a  narrow 
dark-brown  vertical  bar  on  caudal  peduncle,  separated  from  base  of  caud.il 
rays  and  from  that  part  of  the  broad  body  band  posterior  to  the  ocellus  liy 
narrow  white  spaces;  head  in  front  of  ocular  stripes,  and  breast,  greeni.sli 
yellow;  a  black  cresccntic  mark  on  t»percle;  spinous  dorsal  dusky,  the 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1G79 


{capi 


(lurk  vertical  band  oxtiMiding  on  the  lirst  Twpincs;  solt  doiHiil  diiik,  with 
sharply  do'ined  pale  «^dgo;  part  of  anal  covered  by  Hcaloa  dusky,  with  a 
narrow  darker  margin;  unsealed  portion  yellowish  white;  caudal  and  ito<r- 
torals  pale;  ventrnls  dusky,  edged  with  yellow.  Length  IJ  inches. 
Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts;  only  the  type  and  2  (»thcr  specinieuH  knowu, 
all  ccdlected  by  Dr.  H.  M.  Smith  in  the  summer  of  IHflT;  evidently  the 
young  of  Home  tropical  species  brought  north  in  the  (>ulf  Stream.  (Named 
fur  Capt.  .lohu  .1.  Brice,  Ti.  S.  Commissioner  of  Fish  iind  Fisheries.) 

i'lin-tiulonhricei,  H.  M.  Smith,:»ii11.  U.  S.FishConnii.  1897,  pi).  102-103,  with  pliilt-.  Woods 
Hole.     (Ty)M<N'\48.'>20.) 

66o.  POMACANTHUS,  T.accpide. 

(ClIIUI  VITAS.) 

I'limacanthiis,  LAcr^:pf:nK,  IliHt.  Nat.  ToisH.,  iv,  .'in,  1803  {areualiis,  as  restricted  by  Ciivior). 

I'omacaidhodety  Gnx,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1802.  244  (zoniiteetua). 

Vhcetodon,  liLF.EKKK,  Aicli.  Nedcrl.  Sci.  Nat.,  XII,  5, 187C  (transfcfrcil  to  siiccics  of  Voma- 
ca7i//iu«,  as  the  first  species  of  Chcetodon  mentioned  by  Artedi  belongs  to  the  latter 
gruiip,  and  the  first  spoeieH  moutioned  by  Lac6p6de  nmlor  I'omaeanthvn  belongs  to 
/anclvt) . 

Body  much  compressed  and  elevated,  covered  with  small  scales,  among 
wliich  smaller  ones  are  distributed  so  that  the  series  are  not  distinct;  pro- 
open  lo  with  a  very  strong  spine  at  its  angle,  the  vertical  limb  entire  in 
the  adult,  usually  serrulate  in  the  young;  iiiteroperclo  entire  or  nearly  so; 
dorsal  fin  entirely  scaly,  with  .''  to  11  graduated  spines;  soft  dorsal  usually 
much  elevated  in  front;  anal  with  3  graduated  spines;  branchiostegals  6; 
iiir  bladder  with  2  posterior  horns;  pyloric  ca'ca  numerous.  Species  few, 
in  the  tropical  seas;  chiefly  American;  the  young  brilliantly  colored,  the 
adult  usually  dull  colored.  The  species  vary  greatly  with  age,  and  have 
been  almost  inextricably  confused,  as  the  age  variations  are  much  inoro 
striking  than  the  specific  distinctions.  The  numlM^r  of  dorsal  spines  is 
usually  diagnostic.     {Tt'Ofta,  operculum;  dnavOiX,  spine.) 

I'OMACAXTHUS: 

(T.  Dorsal  spines  VIII  to  X,  29  to  32. 

b.  Scales  in  lateral  line  about  50  to  D.n ,  dorsal  VIII  or  IX,  30  lo  32.     A.  Ill,  24. 

Colorof  adult  steel  gray  or  scarjely  yellowish;  young  with  4  ■.vhitish  cross 

bands.  AUf-uATUS,  2094. 

bb.  Scales  in  lateral  line  70  to  90;   dorsal  usually  X,  29  or  30;  anal  III,  23  or  24. 

Color  black  in  a<lult,  with  yellow  mottlings ;  base  of  pectoral  yellow ;  young 

with  several  yellowish  cross  bands.  PABi;,  2095. 

I'oMACANTHonES  (Pomacatithut;  «I6o?,  likeness) : 

aa.  Dorsal  XI,  23;  anal  III,  20  to  2i;.    Adult  brown,  with  a  dark  pector.-jl  band;  young 

with  about  5  yellow  curved  cross  bars.  zonU'ECTUS,  2096. 

Subgenus  POMACANTHUS. 

2094.   PO-HACANTHUS  AUCI  ATI'S  (Linnnus). 

(Black  Anoel;  Chirivita;  Poutuoais.) 

Head3i;  depth  H;  eye  3^;  snout  2^.  T:^.  VIII  or  IX,  30  to  32;  A.  Ill, 
24;  scales  8-53-27,  the  larger  scales  purrounded  by  smaller  ones;  caudal  fin 
rounded.    Color :  adult  grayish  without  tinge  of  yellow,  the  center  of  each 


>.* 


TU 


1^ 

hi 


^^1 

I 


■■U' 


JC80  Bn//c/in  ./y,  United  States  National  Musnim. 


scale  Macklsh,  the  \A%a  i»early  gray ;  head  and  vertioal  ftnsdiisky  gray,their 
tips  ItlaokiHh;  no  pair  Btripo  bcforii  eye;  spare  behind  ]>roopercular  Hplni' 
pale;  a  narrow  yellowish  bar  near  tip  of  caudal,  followed  by  a  dark  streak, 
the  tip  of  the  iin  whitish;  pectoral  yellowish,  especially  its  inner  side  aii<l 
its  basal  half,  its  tip  translucent;  no  orange  on  baseof  pectoral;  lower  Juv. 
palo  lleah  color;  ventrals  brown,  yellowish  at  tij);  ycuinjfer  individals 
have  a  whitish  cross  bar  on  the  anterior  ])art  of  body,  behind  whi(!h  nre 
soniotinios  still  others;  in  alcohol  rich  russet  brown,  the  black  spot  on 
each  scale  faded,  the  pearly  gray  edge  satiny  white;  vortical  iiiis  brown, 
base  of  dorsal  with  numerous  small  white  specks.  Length  \\  to  2  fool. 
West  Indies,  occasionally  north  to  Now  Jersey,  south  to  liahia.  Common ; 
lik«  th«^  other  species  of  the  genus,  varying  oxc^ossivoly  with  age.  Fro 
»iuently  taken  with  spear  or  hook;  not  valued  as  ii  food-fish.  (arciiutKn, 
archod,  ndating  to  the  curved  cross  biuids.) 

Ohietoilon  arcutttui,  Linn.*;l's,  Syst.  Nat.,  E«l.  x,  273, 1758,  India;  from  spw.  Mii».  Ad.  Vv.  ■.  D. 

VIII,  30;  (liiHky  with  5  dark  bunds;  roEV,  Syiioimis,  351, 1868. 
Chaitodonatireits,  \UAM'n,lchi\iyo\.,i^\.  193,  t\ji.i,l'iS7,  Martinique;  on  n  drawing;  liy  I'm 

MiER,  tlio  HpinoH  9  in  tho  original  drawinfi:  Poky,  Synopsis,  350, 1808. 
Ohii'toilon  liiteseeng,  Honnateuke,  Kncycl.  Motli.,  182, 1788,  Jamaica  ;  alter  Itnow.SE. 
Cfiretodon  littoricola,  POEV,  Synopsis,  351, 1808,  Cuba  (('oil.  Pocy) ;  black  IIiih  bordered  with 

ycllowisb;  tin  rays  not  counted. 
J'omacanthHH  balteatun,  CrviEU  &  Valenciennps,  Hist.  Nat.  Pidss.,  vii,  208,  1831,  Porto 

Rico  (Coll  P16o);  P()EV,Monioria8,n,  371,1801. 
I'omaeanthu*  chigulatut,  Cuviek  vfc  Valknciennes,  Hist.  Nal.  Poiss.,  vii,  2011,  1831,  West 

Indies ;  i)robably  sent  by  Pk'o  from  Porto  Ri(^o. 
romacantltun  quint] ueeinetus.  CuviEii  &,  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vii,  210,  18:il, 

West  Indies,  probably  from  Porto  Rico. 
Pomaeanthxu  axtreus,  LACftPKDE,  Ilist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  iv,  518, 1802:  (Juviek  A,  Valenciennes, 

Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vu,  202, 1831;  Ekienjiann  &.  Hoenino,  i.  c,  12,1887. 
J'omacanthtit  j>a)-u,  GOntiieu,  Cat.,  ii,  55, 1860 ;  in  part. 
Pomacantlnis  arcuatus,  Jokdan  &.  Hutteu,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  1807, 125. 

20»5.  POMAIAXTlirS  PARI'  (Hloch). 

(Paku;  Indian  I''ish;  Klatfish.) 

Head  3i;  depth  IJ.  1).  X,  29  or  30;  A.  Ill,  23  or  24;  scales  about  05  in  a 
median  series,  85  to  90  in  the  series  above  the  lateral  line ;  caudal  fin  trun- 
cate. Color  bla<'k;  young  with  5  yellowish  cross  bands,  tho  first  on  the 
snout,  the  second  across  tho  operclo,  the  third  across  the  body  under  the 
tip  of  tho  pectoral  Iin,  the  fourth  across  the  posterior  third  of  the  body, 
and  the  fifth  on  tho  caudal  peduncle ;  the  third  turns  backward  above  and 
extends  along  the  outer  edge  of  the  dorsal  fin  to  its  tip ;  the  fourth  crosses 
the  anal  near  its  middle  and  extends  backward  across  dorsal  in  a  similar 
way;  base  of  pectoral  orange;  caudal  rounded,  its  border  not  pale;  most 
of  the  seal<!8  edged  with  yellow.  This  species  is  well  distinguished  from 
Pomacantliua  arcuatus  at  all  ages  by  the  smaller  scales  and  by  tho  presence 
of  10  dorsal  spines  instead  of  9.  The  adults  of  the  2  are  also  different  in 
color.  In  Pomacanthi(8  arcuatua  each  scale  has  a  whitish  crescent;  there 
is  a  white  .tripe  from  eye  to  nostril;  the  caudal  and  dorsal  without  pale 
edge,  and  there  is  in)  pale  area  behind  preoi)ercular  sfdue.     In  both  spo- 


li  ViiM 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     lOSl 


cieB  the  yoniij?  show  pale  rross  bands,  and  of  thcHe  the  one  Itehind  the 
HhoiiMtT  jtersiNts  longest.  LengtL  a  loot  or  nior**.  Wrst  Indies,  Hoiith  to 
r  .Ilia;  not  rare  H<»uthward;  not  yet  recorded  from  the  coastof  the  United 
States.     (I'arif,  a  Hra/.ilian  name,  used  by  Marcjjrave.) 

ahatodon  paru,  IJi.oni,  Iclithyol.,  pi.  107,  l\ji.  1, 1787,  Brazil ;  on  ii  (Iruwiiitj;  I'oKY,  SyiiojmiM, 

:)51, 18(18. 
I'ovtaeantlniH  ureiiatiit,*  C'uvieu   &  VAi.ENfiENNE.M,  lliHt.  Niit.  1'oIhs.,  vii,  all,  18^1;  not 

dhtHoihtn  arriiatnn,  L.;  LOtken,  Spolia  Atlniitica,  01, 1880;  JoitDA.N  \  Oimikut,  S.vii- 

opniH,  61(1,  lH8:i ;    KlOENMANN  &   HoHNlNd,  I.  C,  9,  1887. 

I'nmneanthux  parii,  Ci'viEU  &  V.M.ENriENN  s,  IliHt.  Nat.  I'oIm.s.,  vii,  Jdr),  IKll :  (JI'nthkk, 
Cat.,  n,55, 1800,  ill  part;  .Ioruan  Jt  Kutteh,  I'ioc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sii.  IMiila.  1807, 124. 


Subgenus  POMACANTHODES,  (iill. 


80»(>.  PONAC'ANTlllS  ZOMrECTI'S  ((iill). 

(MO.JAHUA   KE  LA.S    I'IKDUAS.) 

Head  3i  to  3J;  depth  UinadnlttolJ  in  young;  eye  .3^^  in  head.  r).XI,23; 
A.  Ill,  20  to  22;  scales  70.  Profile  very  steep,  uneven;  preoptncnlar  spine 
longer  than  eye,  .3^  in  head;  proorhital  equal  to  maxillary,  Ij^  in  head; 
last  dorsal  spine  l^  in  head ;  longest  dorsal  ray  ^  longer  tlian  head,  fal- 
cate; anal  rounded,  its  soft  rays  miudi  lower  than  those  of  dorsal ;  caudal 
short,  truncate,  li^  in  head;  ]»evtoral  moderate;  ventral  very  long,  i- longer 
than  head,  the  tir.st  r;i,v  lilamentoiis.  Scales  irregular,  largtt  and  small 
ones  intermixed,  thostt  of  head,  breast,  and  nape  minute.  Intcroperclo 
with  one  stoutish  spine;  preoporcle  very  finely  serrate.  A  large  humj) 
iit  nape  in  adult.  Adult,  dark  gray,  blackish  posttaiorly,  most  scales  with 
black  centers ;  edges  of  scales  bright  sky  blue  in  life,  especially  posteriorly ; 
a  triangular  bron/c-yellowpat(di  in  front  of  line  connecting  pectorals  with 
ventrals,  then  a  diffuse  blackish  bar  from  front  of  dorsal  ahmg  region 
behind  pectorals  to  ventrals,  tlu'n  a  broad  curved  bar  of  yellow,  obscured 
by  blackish  centers  of  scales,  behind  this  a  ditriiHe  blackish  area;  breast 
\ermiculated  with  blue  and  yellowish;  a  blackish  bar  covering  most  of 
head,  behind  which  the  opercles  and  nape  are  yellowish ;  Jaws  i)ale  bluish ; 
dorsal  orange,  vermiculate  with  sky  blue,  the  edge  bright  sky  blue,  below 
which  is  orange;  caudal  orange,  vev-miciilated  with  sky  blue,  the  edge 
or.ingc,  the  very  margin  blackish;  anal  blackish,  vermiculated  with  sky 
blue;  pectorals  light;  orange,  marked  with  grayish  bin;  ventrals  largely 
blue  black,  tipped  with  orange ;  spine  bluish.  Young,  pure  black  on  dorsal 
and  anal;  to])  of  head  with  a  median  line  of  bright  yellow,  dividing  at 
the  snout  and  extending  along  each  side  of  mouth  and  m«!eting  on  throat 
below;  side  with  .5  very  distinct  narrow  bright-yellow  cross  bars,  strongly 
convex  forward ;  blue  lines  between  these  bars.  Length  18  inches.  West 
coast  of  tropical  America ;  rather  common  about  rocks  from  Ma/.atlan  to 
Panama;  a  beautiful  fish,  showing  great  changes  in  color  in  the  course  of 
development,     {^dyvtf,  zone;  pectus,  breast.) 


^  Most  recent,  writers  have  called  this  sjiecies  I'omacanthui)  areiiatvt,  but  the  tru«  arcu- 
(ttim  ^A  Linnicus  must  bo  the  preceding  Bpecies. 


r 


1 

•'' 

■i 

< 


1082  Dulletin  ./7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


VmnacanihoAtt  zonipeetui,  Giu.,  I'ror.  Ac.  Nnt.  Sri.  I'lillii.  1862, 244,  San  Salvador. 
Piitiiacanihus  crrscentalit,  JnnnAN  \-  (Jimikkt,  Troc.  U  S.  Nut.  Mhm.  18H1,358,  Mazatlan 

yoiiiiK-     (Type,  N(». 'J8i;)lt.    Coll.  (iilbert.) 
I'oiiiaraiilhiiii  zimipirUm,  Jordan  &.  (iiLUEUT,]'roc.  I'.  S.Nat.  Muh.  1882,  ;i7C;   Kioknmann 

iV  lloKNlNO,  J.c.,14, 1887. 


66i.  HOLACANTHUS.  Liirr^i.ide. 


I 


M 


I  "'W  ■ 


(Cataijnkta.s.) 

irolaeanthu*,  T,Ari;;pi>.DB.  IliBt.  Nat.  Poihh.,  iv,  .V20, 180:i  (tricolor). 
(It.iiicanthun,  Swainson,  (JIhhh'ii  FiMlics,  ii,  211!,  1839  {laiiinrckii). 
Oentiopi/ye,  KaI'I',  Wicniiiaiin's  Arcliiv,  .\xvi,  187«,  1118  {fibiren), 
AeanlhoclicetodoTi,  Blebkkk,  Archiv  Neerl.  Sci.Niit.,  xii,  5, 187tl  {lepiduleinH) . 

lUuly  (iblon);,  rather  robust,  the  hack  not  >;r«atl.v  elevated  nor  coni- 
pressoil;  scales  rather  Hniall,  roughiHh,  olten  mixed  with  snialh-r  ones. 
Verti<'al  limb  of  the  preopercle  with  small  equal  serrii- ;  a  strong  spine  :it 
the  angle  of  the  ])r((opercU',  this  usually  grooved;  interoperclo  Hhort, 
armed  with  1  to  4  strong  sjtines.  Dorsnl  fin  with  12  to  15  strong  spines, 
wliirh  are  usually  gi-aduated,  increasing  in  height  to  th(>  last;  soft  dorHnI 
moderate,  with  17  to  20  r;iys,  usually  not  (ending  in  streamers.  Coloration 
usually  brilliant  and  well  defined,  the  changes  due  to  ago  less  thau  in 
Pomacaiiihus  ;  species  numerous  in  all  tropical  seas,  abounding  about  coral 
reefs.     (oAoj,  whole;  (htai'Oit,  spine.) 

a.  Cuntlnl  subtnincatc,  Its  aiiKlcH  not  proiliicod  hi  IHanioiitn,  its  color  yollow 

h.  Scales  ill  lateral  liiif  7.')  to  80 ;  aratlicr  narrow  (-urvod  traiiMvcrm'  w-liitisli  Imiiil 
lioliind  Ijaso  of  pectorals,  ilx  width  much  loss  than  liMiKtli  of  iioctoral. 

tasskr,  201)7. 
66.  Scales  in  lateral  line  about  CO;  body  olive  brown,  with  a  very  broad  oraii;;e 
area  behind  head,  it.s  width  nearly  uiiual  to  length  of  pectoral. 

cr.AHIONENSIS,  20!)8. 

an.  (!audal   lunate,   its  anjflcs  produced  in  ttlanients;  preorbital  with  a  blunt  spiiu'; 
body  iiioatly  bhu.'k,  the  bead  and  tail  yellow;  scales  rather  larger,  about  48. 

TKICOLOB,  20i»». 

2007.  H0LA<;ANTI{|!S  PAN!iJ':R,  Valenciennes. 

Head  4;  depth  2A.  D.  XIV,  17  or  18;  A.  Ill,  16  to  18;  scales  in  lateral 
lino  75  to  80.  Scales  subefjual  iu  size,  the  rows  lengthwise  and  crosswise 
([uite  distinct.  Ascending  limb  of  pr«!opercle  armed  only  with  small 
serra; ;  spine  at  angle  of  preoperclo  about  2|  in  head ;  preorbital  with  2 
or  3  blunt  points.  Color  dark  purplish  brown,  crossed  below  the  seventh 
spine  by  a  whitish  band  attenuated  and  cnrved  backw.ird  below;  4  nearly 
equidistant,  indistinct,  vertical,  bluish  lines  across  body  between  the 
white  band  and  base  of  caudal;  caudal  margined  with  brown;  doisal 
and  an<al  with  2  indistinct  lines  parallel  with  the  borders;  posterior 
margina  also  bluish;  caudal  [veutraLs*],  pectorals,  and  margin  of  anal 
yellow;  head  girdled  with  2  distinct  bluish  bands,  1  in  front  of  eyes, 
and  1  from  front  of  dorsal  and  behind  the  eyes.  (Gill.)  West  coast  of 
tropical  America ;  Cape  San  Lucas  to  the  Galapagos  Islands;  rare.    The 


*  "Dorsal  "  yellow  in  (Jill's  description  i.s  probably  a  slip  tor  "  veiitrals.' 


Jordan  aud  Evcnnann, — Fishes  of  North  Apncrira.      1083 


form  called  llnlacanthuH  striiiatus,  ahnvo  dflRcrihnd,  ifl  dniibtloHH  tlioyomijj 
of  llolaoanthitH  pasHcr.  Tho  latter  Ih  lignrcil  iin  without  ItliiiNh  inurUiii^H 
oil  lie.id  or  body,  tho  dorHiil  and  anal  ed^ed  with  yidhiw  or  Itrowii,  and  itH 
candal  plain  yellow,  {pasan;  a  Hparrovv;  tho  word  alHo  applied  to  curtain 
llouudorH.) 

lldlacanthua patter,  Vai.knciknnks,  Voyapi'V(''iiiiM.  ;i'J7,  jil.  rt,  IHlfl,  Galapagos  Archipelago; 

(iCNTIIKII,  Cat.,  11.4(1,  IKiid. 
Ifiiliieantlivt  Ktrtijatvt,  (iii.i,,  Vrtw.  Ati.  Nat.  >S<-i.  IMiila.  18)i'.>,  '_>t:i,  Cape  San  Lucaa. 
I'omaeanthu.t  paxner,  Kiuknmann  iV  ilouNiNu,  (.  c,  14,  J«H7. 


t!0»M.  IIOLAOAMTIirS  (  LAItiO\E\SIN,  (iilliort. 

Head  I ;  depth  IJ;  cyo  4.V  in  h«ad.  D.  XIV,  18;  A.  Ill,  1«;  h<  aloH  00  to 
(>">,  ahiMit  36  witli  poreH.  Eye  hmiuII,  littlo  more  than  \  snout,  Ij  in  intor- 
orbitul  width.  Anterior  profile  very  slightly  concave  above  orldtH,  the 
Hiiont  not  protrnding;  iniixillary  I  in  head;  preopercnlar  rtpin5  f^eiitly 
curved,  its  outer  face  channeled,  the  spine  fitiiu^  into  a  j;roovo  in  front 
of  base  of  pectoral,  2k  in  head,  not  reaching  vertical  from  margin  of  oper- 
cio;  vertical  limb  of  preopercle  with  20  to  25  short,  strong  spines,  hori- 
zontal limb  with  2  spines  pointing  Itackward;  the  anterior  portion  of 
margin  of  interopcrcle  with  2  strong  spines,  from  1  to  3  smaller  spines 
'xOiind  these;  preorbital  with  a  stiong,  compressed,  blunt  si>ino  directed 
forward,  and  2  sharp  ones  below  it;  posterior  margin  of  subopercle  with 
a  series  of  sli«>rt  spines;  no  oper -nlar  s]uncs;  membrane  of  first  dorsal 
.><]tiao  free  from  scales,  of  second  and  third,  partly  scaly;  other  spines 
with  membranes  wholly  scaled;  length  of  fourteenth  spine  2;^^  in  head; 
soft  dorsal  aud  anal  not  jiroduced,  the  angles  rounded,  the  posterior  mar- 
gins inclined  but  slightly  forward,  and  about  on  vertical  of  base  of  (cau- 
dal; longest  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  equal,  1^^  in  head;  caudal  truncate 
when  widely  spread,  the  angles  not  rounded,  the  outer  rays  not  at  .'ill 
produced,  about  equaling  length  of  head;  pectorals  .ind  ventrals  about 
oijual,  equaling  It^ngth  of  head;  the  ventrals  with  outer  rays  slightly  pro- 
duced, reaching  to  or  slightly  beyond  vent.  Scales  large,  evi'iywhert^ 
covered  with  small  basal  accessory  scales,  all  rough  ctenoid;  lateral  line 
iinuh  arched,  concurrent  with  the  back,  iucoinpleto,  ending  under  nii<ldle 
of  soft  dorsal,  with  only  85  pores.  Head  and  body  very  dark  olive  brown, 
a  Avide  orange  red  bar  behind  head,  including  nape  and  back  as  far  as 
sixth  dorsal  spine,  becoming  narrow  on  middle  of  sides,  and  expanding 
again  below  to  include  region  from  gill  openings  nearly  to  vent,  being 
here,  however,  darker  aud  less  distinctly  detiucd;  the  yellowish  color 
continues  backward  as  a  siibmarginal  band  on  dorsal  and  anal,  th<;  margin 
lieing  deep  blue,  broader  posteriorly;  caudiil  bright  orange  red,  with  very 
narrow  blue  margin;  pectorals  yellowish;  ventrals  yellowish  olive;  verti- 
cal tins  otherwise  with  color  of  sides.  I^ength  about  7  inches.  This 
brilliant  species  is  extremely  abundant  at  Clarion,  Socorro,  arid  Sau  Bene- 
dicto  islands  of  the  Kevillagigedo  group. 

//oJ«c«n</ii/»cIarione«u.?,  Gilbert,  Proc.  IT.  S.Nat.  Mua.  1890,  72,  Revillagigedo  Islands: 
Clarion,  Socorro,  aud  San  Benedicto.     (iioW.  Alhatrots.) 


,  J" 


"i 


■.^'-•X- 


fi 


m 


1084         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


K  I 


if 


,1 

■fi," 

'■is 


'JO0O.  II0LA4  ANTIITH  TKKOIiOK  (Itl(Mh). 

(K(K;K   HKACTY;   CATAI.INRTA;    VAIjIIKTA    DK   DOS  COLORKH.) 

TToad  3^ ;  dopth  Iji.  I).  XIV,  1!»;  A.  Ill,  18;  huiiIuh  3-18-25.  First  dorHiil 
Hpiiu)  H  ill  Inifrth  of  tho  lust,  which  iH  2A  in  liead;  aHC(mdiii(r  liiiih  of  jm; 
oporulo  urniod  only  with  hiiiuII  Hoi-ni>,  thu  hirgcst  not  iiioro  thiin  /^  the  Ifii^tli 
of  tho  hir^u  Hpino  ut  the  iiii)(l*s  an^luH  of  tlio  caiidnl  produced  into  hla 
iiioiitH;  ])reorbital  with  »  diHtinct  lilniit  Npinu;  HcaloH  nearly  iiiiiforin  in 
Hize,  the  loiigthwiHc  and  crosHwiHo  rows  qiiito  diHtinct.  (.'olor  in  lift'. 
head,  anterior  part  of  trunk,  and  candal  iiu  jjolden  yellow;  rent  of  liody. 
Hnoiit,  and  chin  black;  dorsal,  anal,  and  operclo  edged  with  Hctiiiit; 
orange  on  upper  and  lower  ray  of  <;andal;  \v\h  yellow,  blue  above  and 
below.  Went  IiuIieH,  north  to  Herninda,  south  to  Hiihia;  coiiiinon;  not 
known  from  the  rnitod  Ktates.  {tricolor,  three-oolored — orange,  yellow, 
and  black.) 

CalaUnetOf  I'abra,  Dtscr.  Dlf.  Plcz.  Hist.  Nat.  Cuba,  12,  pi.  vii,  flf.  2, 1787,  Cuba. 

Chu-Uidon  trlcnlnr,  15|,()<'!I,  Iiilitli.,  pi.  41!6,  niW. 

Ilitlaeanthui  tricolor,  Lac!KPi';di;,  IIIhI.  Nut.  I'oisH,.  iv,  .VJ5, 1803;  Ci'viKli  &■  Valkncirnnrh, 

IliHt.  Nut.  PoisH.,  VII,  102,  1831 J  ODntiikr,  Cut.,  ii.  40,  1800;  I'nKV,  AloiDoriuM,  ii,  371. 

1801;  I'nsv,  Knuniciutio.OI,  1876;  Jordan  &.  Uuttkh,  Proc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  IMiilu.  18117, 

12ri. 
(Umieimthui  tricolor,  SWAINKON,  CIuhm.  FIhIhih,  AnipliibiiiiiH,  niiil  Uoptilus,  11,212,18,30. 

I'ouiacanthun  //tcnior,  JoUHANiV  (iII.HKKT,S.Vn<>;.»iH,  041,  1883;   KlOKNMANiVifelloUNINd,  f.  c, 

1.5, 1887. 

662.  ANGBLICHTHYS,  .Jordan  &,  Evernmnn. 

(ISAIilOI.ITAH.) 

Anijelichthyg,  .ToBDAN  &  EVERMANN,  (!ht'ckLiHt  FIhIich,  420,  1890  {eiliariH). 

ThiH  genus  is  separated  from  Ilolaoanlhux  by  the  presence  on  the  anoend- 
ing  liinb  of  tho  preopcrcle  of  several  Htont  graduated  npines  in  addition  to 
the  large  gi-oov«>d  spine  at  the  angle.  The  soft  dorsal  and  anal  are  much 
falcate  and  the  preorbital  is  without  spine;  interopercle  armed  with  1  to  4 
spincH;  8cale.s  rather  large;  body  ovate,  rather  deep,  and  compressed. 
The  known  species  are  among  the  largest  of  the  Chintodouts  and  perhaps 
the  most  gaily  colored  of  all.  Species  all  American.  {ayyeXoif  angel; 
/^Ot'»?,  fish.) 

a.  SpinuH  on  anconding  limb  of  preopcrcle  inodernte,  the  longuBt  less  than  \  length  of 

tlie  large  Hpino  at  tho  angle. 

h.  Nape  with  u  blue  ocellus;  Hoft  dorHul  and  anal  edged  witli  darl^  blue;  depth  IJ 

in  length  in  adult.  ciliakis,  21(10. 

hh.  Nape  without  distinct  ocellus;  no  dark-blue  edgings  to  soft  dorsal  and  anal: 

body  deep,  tlie  depth  Ig  in  Icngtii  in  adult.  isakeuta,  2101. 

aa.  Spines  on  ascending  limb  of  preopenlo  very  strong,  tho  longest  about  J  longtli  of 

tlie  long  spine  at  the  angle;  no  ocellus  at  nape;  no  blue  edging  to  soft  dorsal 

and  anal;  depth  IR  in  length.  lODOCUS,  2102. 

2100.  ANOEUVHTHYS  tILIARIS  (Linoivus). 

(ANOFL-FISH  ;  IsABELITA.) 

HeadSi;  depth  11;  eye  4^  in  head;  snout  2\.  D.  XIV,  21;  A.  Ill,  21. 
Body  obloiig,  oval;  anterior  profile  straight,  steep,  sharply  <'onvex  in  front 
of  dorsal;   anterior  dorsal  outline  and  ventral  outline  nearly  parallel; 


m 

far  , 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmauu. — Fishes  of  North  Amirita.      1(5«S5 


jawH  piojrrtiiii;,  Li'iiKth  of  head  oi|iiiil  to  itH  depth  frotn  iint«Tii>i-  iniirgiii 
(if  bliio  lin^  ill  front  of  dorsal ;  the  proorhital  j^  hioiider  than  nvn,  wiMi  1 
or  '2  indiHtinct  HpiiicH;  ]>i'<M>p*>r(!le  with  ii  Ntroii^,  ^roovi>d,  HlighMy  ntrvid 
spine  at  aiigh%  about  jim  lon^  &>"  orbit;  5  or  (S  Hhurt  blunt  Hpinrs  witli  intor- 
iiicdiat<i  niiniitu  ones  on  uppur  limb,  the  lont^oHt  of  thuNo  Hpini<H  0  in  tiio 
spiiut  at  the  an^lo;  2  or  \\  Hhort  Htroii);  Hpinon  on  luwiu-  limb;  int«r- 
(ipei'cle  with  1  or  2  short  Hpinos;  ]>iTima\illar,v  very  thick,  itH  widUi  above 
<M|iial  to  orbit;  a  furrow  from  front  of  eyo  liolow  noHtrils;  interorbital 
^rroater  than  prcorbital,  equal  to  diMtancu  b«t\vu(<n  eye  and  uppor  ond  of 
1,'ill  opening.  Soft  dorHal  and  anul  falcato,  the  tilaniuntoim  tips  matdiing 
Miiich  beyond  the  caudal;  ])octoral  broad,  iddiquely  rounded,  1^  in  h«>ad ; 
vt'Htrals  long,  the  upinu  long,  Ijj  in  head,  the  ruyn  slightly  tilanieutoiiN,  nut 
<|iiite  reaching  anal,  ecpial  to  hea*l;  caudal  roundt'd,  equal  to  hoad  behind 
|ireniaxillary;  lateral  line  ceasing  before  reaching  md  of  dorsal,  th«<  Hcales 
Itclow  regularly  arranged,  those  aluivc  irregularly.  Ground  color  <dive, 
ttMininal  half  of  soaloH  on  sides  yel'.ow,  side  of  head  yellowish  olive,  tup 
of  head  dusky ;  a  blue  ring  in  front  of  dorsal  surrounding  a  black  spot 
('<mtaining  a  few  pule-blue  specks ;  iris  yellow,  blue  al>ove  and  below ;  upper 
jaw  blue  black,  some  yellow  at  eoriier  of  mouth;  lower  jaw,  lower  side  of 
head,  and  breast  dusky  olivtt ;  a  dark  blue  margin  to  operele  miieli  broader 
above  than  below ;  upper  edge  of  preopercular  spine  pale  blue;  edge  of 
dorsal  fin  blue  black,  a  black  blotch  «iu  last  rays,  the  tin  otherwise  red- 
dish or  orange,  becoming  paler  toward  tip  of  iilaiiient;  anal  similar  to 
ilorsal,  but  darker;  caudal  entirely  pale  orange  or  clear  lemon  yellow; 
pectoral  lemon  ytdlow,  the  base  witli  a  brown  blotch  bordered  anteriorly 
liy  a  narrow  blue  stripe;  ventrals  lemon  yellow,  somewhat  dusky  at  base. 
West  Indies;  common.  Here  described  from  speciuu-ns  from  Jamaica.  A 
large  showy  fish,    {dliaris,  with  eyelashes,  referring  to  the  ]iroduced  fins.) 

.Viiijelfish,  CATKsnv,  Nft.  Hint.  Caroliuii,  etc.,  1737. 

Itabi'lita,  Pakka,  l)if,  1  i«>zn3,  etc.,  1787,  Cuba. 

Cluetodon  eiliarin,  Linnaeus, Syst. Nat.,  Kd.  x,27«,  1758,  Indies;  in  imrt ;  IJum-ii,  Iclitli.,  i)l. 

•214, 1787. 
dhwlodon  ff>/t((tmu{0A'i<«,  SliAW,   NiUuraliHts'  MiHcelliiuy,  27.'>.  17H9-18I3;   al'tcr  .Vi!K<'l-littli 

of  Cateshy. 
(Uiwtddon  parrcB,  Ili-ocH  \-  Sciineikek,  SyHt.  Iclilli.,  '-'35,  1801,  Cuba;  after  Isabolitii  of 

I'ARHA. 

lloUtcanthut  cornutun.  De.smarest,  IKicado  Ichthyologiiiue,  44,  pi.  3,  (!>:.  3, 1823,  Cuba. 
Ilolacanthxit  fonnumn,  Castelnait,  Aniin.  Nouv.  ou  ranssde  TAuii  r.  dii  Siul  I'oisHonH,  19, 

pi.  2,  flg.  2  1855,  Bahia ;  GOntheb,  Cat.,  II,  47, 1860. 
Ihilacanthut  ciliaris,  LAcfepfeDE,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  iv,  527,  1802;  Cuvikk  \  Valew  iennem. 

Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vu,  154,  1831;   PoEV,  Moinorins,  U,  371,  1861 ;    (iiNTiiEK,  Cat.,  ii,  4C, 

1860;  PuEY,  Synopsis,  361, 1868;  LUtken,  Spolia  Atlantica.  200, 1880. 
I'omaeanthus  eiliaris,  Jubdan & (iILBEbt,  Synopsis,  015, 1883. 
Angelichthys  dliari*,  JoBDAN  &  EvEBMANN,  Cbeck-Ll.st  Fishes,  421, 1890;  Jordan  \.  Jlur- 

TEB,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.Sci.  Pliila.  1897, 125. 

2101.  AXGELICHTilV8  ISABELITA,  Jordan  &  liutter.nuw  speclea. 

(ANQEL-Fmil.) 

Head  3^ ;  depth  U ;  eye  3^  in  hea<l  (young) ;  snout  2|.  D.  XIV,  IH ;  A.  Ill, 
10.  Body  nearly  oval,  anterior  profile  very  steep,  much  steeper  than  in 
llolacanthua  eiliaris,  the  lips  not  projecting ;  length  of  head  scarcely  greater 


,;  •r^■''f 


U\Sil 


IhiUctin  ./7,  Vuittd  Slatts  National  .Unscum, 


tliim  ItH  <lo])th  Ix-low  top  iit'fv'o;  pruorltital  '|  iih  hrutid  uh  uve,  williiiiit  uii\ 
iiKlinition  of  a  Hpinu;  pruopcrciilur  Hpiiiu  Htron^,  ^  len^lli  of  eyi-,  \\>\  ji, 
huiid,  \\  or  I  v«<i'y  nhort  ntoiit  Hpiiiitrt  on  iippur  liiiih,  tlii<  loiiUfHt  iiltuiit  n  in 
Mpiiio  lit  iiu^Im,  1  on  lowttr  limb;  I  Hpiiio  on  intoroptti-cl*-;  proniaxillai  \ 
nut  vury  Itroatl  on  top,  vury  protract ilt^,  nut  proJiM-Mn^  Itoyond  uiitt«ri<>i 
pr«)lil«);  intoi'orbitul  );ronter  than  proorltitul,  «t(|tial  Ut  WiHtanoe  hotwitu 
4>yu  an<l  upper  un<l  of  ^ill  opt-niny;;  In  now  in  front  of  «tyo  iiidiHtiiKt ; 
(lorHul  an<l  anal  fuloiito,  the  fMauKMttoiiH  tipH  roachinK  ninth  1)«<yoii*l  oninlul ; 
puctorul  ol>Ii<|iiul.v  roiiiuleil,  oipial  to  lioad,  tin-  lowir  ru\H  very  Hhmt  ; 
vuntrul  Hpiiie  1'^  in  Iiead,  tho  tilaincntoim  rayH  ruarhiiiK  ori^rin  of  im.il, 
uliont  \  longer  than  h*'u«l;  caudal  roiindod,  longer  than  liead,  hut  shorti  i 
than  ventrnl,  lateral  lino  ouaHJnK  lieforo  rouchiiif;  end  of  dorHul,  tlu' 
HoaluB  ]>olow  rugnlarly  arran^ri'd,  thoHt>  above  noarlv  ho.  ('olor  in  life, 
yrlluwiuh  brown  on  HidoH,  uui^li  Hcaio  with  a  liarker  or  oran;;o  Hpot;  b.-iru 
Hhad«>d  with  violrt,  which  ^iowh  bri^rlttor  and  iiiurKox  into  inteiiHo  hU.v  bliu 
ulung  thr  od^i-H  of  HpinuiiH  dursal  and  on  tho  rr^ion  liofuie  tho  dorsnl; 
HcaloH  uf  iloi'Mal  region  with  browu  HpotH  lil<e  tiioHo  on  Hidim;  head  paler; 
thr  ujiptu- lip  yellowish;  lower  Jaw  redd  lull;  Hpin«!H  of  proopercio  and  iiImi 
of  oportde  vory  brijjht  sky  blue;  iriH  yellow,  iiiarkt'd  altove  and  below  li.v 
bliii«;  a  blue  bar  extondiu^  from  in  front  of  lirnt  dnrnal  Hpino  halfway  id 
oyi>;  broant  sky  blue;  pectoral  sky  blue  at  liaHc,  then  broadly  noldon,  itf< 
o;ljje  paht;  vcntrals  ^oblen;  posterior  edge  and  pruduccd  lobes  of  dorwiil 
and  unul  golden  yellow,  caudal  broadly  edged  with  yellow;  iiu  diatiiic) 
oeelliiH  at  nape^  and  nit  dark-bliit«  edgingH  to  soft  dorsal  and  anal.  'I'liis 
Hiiecies  is  closely  related  to  .hiiidichfhiis  viliarix,  but  dill'ers  decidedly  in  the 
color  markings,  e8)iecially  those  of  the  najie  and  dorsal,  in  the  great  depth 
of  the  head,  and  in  the  iioiiprojecting  month;  also  somewhat  in  general 
contour  of  body.  Florida  Keys  and  probably  neighboring  waters;  com- 
mon; reaching  a  largo  si/.e.  This  description  is  based  on  the  ty|ie,  a  sin- 
gle specimen  4.|  inches  long,  from  Key  West,  Florida,  collected  by  l)r. 
Jordan.     (habeliU,  the  Spanish  name.) 


J'oiiiacanthii*  eiliariii,  I'Ikjknmann  \  IloitNiMi,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Ac.  Hci.  1H87, 15;  not  oriiiitlioi- 
AitiielivhthiiK  uabilita,  .Iuiidan  \-  Kvk:oia.\\,  ("Ii«m  k  List  FiMlioM,  420,  18U0;  iiiiino  oiilv. 
(Type,  Ko.a03,  L.  S.Jr.  I'uiv.  Mim.    Coll.  Dr.  Jorilun.) 


m 


1 

' 

jjBjjHiiyipvv,: 

^MK 

■itV. 


aiOiS.  AXUKLICIITIiYS  lODUOUS,  Jorduii  .V  Uiitter. 

Head  3?;  depth  U  (2  in  total);  eye  41.  1).  XIV,  20;  A.  Ill,  20.  Body 
very  deep,  .forming  almost  a  regular  ellipse,  slightly  concave  above  ami 
in  front  of  eye.  I'reorbital  without  spine,  shorter  than  width  of  intor- 
orbital,  which  is  narrower  than  distance  between  cyo  and  upper  end  of 
gill  opening;  spine  at  angle  of  preopercle  straight,  longer  than  orbit, 
about  equal  to  preorbital;  8  or  9  spines  on  upper  limb  of  preopercle,  thesi- 
nearly  i  as  long  as  the  one  at  angle,  very  much  longer  than  in  Annd- 
ichtliifs  ciliaris;  2  weak  spines  on  lower  limb,  and  2  on  intero]>erc|c. 
Soft  dorsal  and  anal  falcate,  the  longest  r}>.ys  tilamentous;  pectoral  very 
obliquely  rounded,  the  lowi'r  rays  scarcely  ^  as  long  as  the  tipper,  whi(  li 
are  1^  in  head;  ventral  slightly  filamentous,  equal  to  head.    Lateral  lini 


Jonitxn  and  /\icfinann. — Fishes  of  Norfh  America.     1^87 

ru^iilaiiy  iirclird,  Itiit  a|i|)roauliiii^  tlio  <lorHiil  oiitliiu)  poHttMinrly,  ceiiH- 
iiig  Ixtl'oru  luiM'liiiig  tMiil  of  dorHui.  Hialim  hrlow  hitoral  lino  roKiiliirly 
iiiraii^cd,  thoBi^  iiliovo  irit^^iilar.  (,'olnr  in  iilcolml,  iiiiiionii  Ki'"y  (proli- 
iiltly  oruiigu  ill  Iil«*) ;  Ht'ul<'H«><lj;<Ml  with  Hilv«(ry  ;  ii  very  fiiiiit,  iiiinow,  IWiirIi 
or  (lark -1)1 110  oil^o  to dorHJil  uiitoiior  to  tlliiinriit;  ttu'ininai  halt' of  portoiiil, 
j^  of  caii.liil,  .'iiul  tipH  of  doiHiil  jiiuI  anal  lioliind  and  including  tlio  I'alcatu 
IttbfH  ytdlow;  no  Idiio  on  con'tavity  of  doiNal  and  anal;  lipH  palo;  odgo  uf 
(ipenlu  dai  k  Itlin-;  a  faint  indication  of  a  dark  Idotcli  in  front  ot  dornal; 
no  Idiio-black  blotch  on  baHo  of  poctoral.  ThlH  npocitm  ditViTH  fnnn  .Itujel- 
ichthjiH  ciliarin  in  tho  form  of  tho  body,  in  color,  and  oNpccially  in  tin*  vory 
iont;  BplneH  on  tho  iip|>fr  limb  of  prcopcndo.  A  Hiiiglo  Hpt'cinioii,  i>  inchuH 
long,  from  tho  (•ala|>agoH  iHiantlH,  odlucttMl  by  rnitcd  Stati-u  Kish  < 'oin- 
miHHion  Htri'miM'  .llhutruan,  (iuduKu^,  a  Hhuaf  of  airowH,  from  tliu  biiHt- 
ling  prooporclu.) 

IfuliieaiithuM  iodueun,  JouOAN  A  lU'TTKii,  in  (illbart,  Vvin:  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mux.  l8tMI.  4ir),  Gala- 
pagos Archipelago  (Typf,  No.  47747,  V.  8.  ^u;.  Man.    Cull.  Mhal nim) ;   .Iouuan  A 

KVUKMANN,  CIlUckhlHt  I'MmIiuh,  4'Jl,  18IHI;   Iiailll)  (Mllv. 

Family  OLXVI.  ZAN(!LIl).i:. 

(TlIK    MuulMSlI    IDOI.S.) 

Hody  oblong,  much  romprcHHed  and  oluvatud,  rovuied  with  niinnt*'  rough 
HcalfH.  Month  snnill,  with  long,  Hlundrr,  brush  liku  tooth  ;  no  tool  h  on  tlio 
palato;  bonoH  of  top  of  head  thick  and  Holid,  developing  with  ago  a  cou- 
spicuouH  mudiau  horn  on  the  foruhuad,  wanting  in  the  young.  l'r«>o)M>r- 
cle  unannud.  Dorsal  Hinglo,  with  7  spines,  tho  third  an<l  rT^MM-ooding 
spines  prolonged  into  long  lilanionts;  interspinal  bone  ]>ruJocting  buforo 
dorsal.  Anal  similar  to  soft  dorsal,  long,  with  its  anterior  rays  produ«;o<l; 
a  small  antrorso  spino  bt-foro  anal.  Caudal  peduncle  unarmed,  tho  tin 
lunate;  pectorals  short;  ventrals  pointed.  Intestine  long.  Coracoid 
bones  largely  developed.  Vertebral  reduced  in  number,  J)-}-  13  =  22.  Air 
bladder  large.  BranchiostegaJs't;  jiyloric  ca-ca  II.  One  species,  "witlely 
distributed  about  rocky  islands  of  tho  Pacilic.  (Geuu.s  Zandus,  Giinther, 
Cat.,  II,  192-191,  I860.) 

663.  ZANCLUS,  Cuvier  &.  Valeneieunes. 

/aneluH  ((N)M.MEi{80N)  CuviBU  &.  Vai.knciennkh,  lliHt.  Nut.  I'oiHH.,  vii,  lOJ,  1K31  {eornutvB). 

(loiioiiterun,  (iKONOW,  Cat.  Fish.,  Krt.  Cray.,  V,  1851  (incei-eim). 

iliiathocentrum,  Guicmbnot,  Ann.  Maine  et  Loire,  IX, 4, 1860,  {evntriKjiiathum);  youug. 

Characters  of  the  genus  included  above.     {%dy xXov y  a  sickhs) 


n 


210;i.  ZANCJiUN  <'OU.\rTi:S(LinniPu.s). 
(Moorish  Idou;  De^ian;  I'kjoiek;  I'outk  Knskiune.) 

Head  2)!;  depth  about  as  great  as  length;  oyo  2A  in  snout.  D.  VII,  38; 
A.  Ill,  33;  Hu«mt  1^^  in  head,  greatly  produced,  the  ni)per  j»rolile  very  con- 
rave;  horn  on  forehead  well  developed,  wanting  iu  young;  teeth  Hlender, 
brush-like,  very  much  projecting.    Anterior  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  pro- 


1688 


Bulletin  ^y,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1} 


dnoed ;  tirnt  and  aecoud  dorsal  HiiiuoN  very  short,  tbo  third  greatly  prodtu-vd , 
onding  in  a  long  filament  exceeding  total  length  of  tish ;  x\w  longest  soli 
ray  abont  1^  in  body;  posterior  dorsal  rays  ehort,  vertical  or  oven  inclineil 
forward;  pectoral  some  longer  than  (tnont,  abont  equal  to  vcntrals.  Color 
in  life,  snout  chiefly  whit«i,  point  of  upper  jaw  black,  followed  by  a  larnc 
orange  patch  separated  from  the  white  by  a  narrow  blacdc  band;  lowei 
Jaw  mostly  black ;  anterior  part  of  body  from  first  dorsal  spine  to  ventral^ 
Idack,  this  crossed  by  2  narrow  vertical  Idue  linos,  the  first  beginning  at  uii- 
gin  of  ventrals,  extending  upward  ana  forward,  tht-n  backward  just  behind 
orbit,  and  ending  on  median  line  of  back  in  front  of  dorsal  iin;  the  second 
beginning  on  abdomen,  crosses  body  at  bane  of  pectoral  and  ends  at  origin 
of  dorsal  fin ;  a  third  le'.4S  distinct  one  extends  u])ward  and  backward  from 
eye;  a  broad  whitish  bar,  nearly  as  broad  as  lengtli  of  head,  begins  en 
anterior  partof  dorsal  fin  and  crosses  body  somewhat  obliqnely  backward, 
covering  anterior  portion  of  anal  fin;  posteriorly  this  bar  is  Vi  ashed  witli 
yellow  or  orange,  whicli  gradually  fades  into  the  white  of  the  anterior 
part;  next  comes  a  black  bar  .1  as  wi<le,  covering  the  bases  of  about  II 
dorsal  rays  and  widening  out  m-ou  the  anal  so  as  to  cover  the  greater  part 
of  about  24  rays;  in  the  posterior  part  of  this  bla<-k  band  is  a  nariow 
white  line;  next  a  yellow  or  orange  band  covering  all  of  the  caudal  pednn- 
cle  and  the  posterior  portions  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  iius ;  caudal  fin  black, 
a  narrow  white  line  at  base;  tip  of  caudal  fin  with  a  crescent-shaped  bor- 
der of  white  more  or  less  wasiied  with  yellowish ;  pectorals  paie ;  vontrals 
black.  East  Indies  and  islands  of  Polynesia;  common  and  widely  distrib- 
uted; Tangingeast  to  the  Revillagigedo  Archipelago.  (Gilbert;  McGregor.) 
Not  taken  elsewhere  on  our  coast,     {^mrnntm,  horned.) 

1  Ohijetodon  caneieeng,  Linn.bus,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  x, 273, 1758,  Indies;  after  Aktedi;  young. 
Ohcetodon  comutut,*  Linn.eus,  Syst.  Nat.,  FaI.  x,  27;i,  1758,  Indies;  after  Abtedi;  adult ; 

LACiSpfcDE,  Hist.  Nat.  Pols.*.,  iv,  473,  pi.  ?,  fig.  I,  180J. 
Zanelus  centrognathus,  C 'vmii  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vii,  528,  1831,  near 

Equator,  75°  E. 
Oonopterus  m'jerens,  Gbonovv.  Cat.  Fislies,  Ed.  Gray,  77, 1854,  India. 
Zanehin  eomufUK,  Cuvieb  A-  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vii,  102,  pi.  177, 1831. 
?  Zancltu  canttcms,  GCntiieb,  Cat.,  n,  493, 1860. 


Family  CLXVII.  TEUTHlDID/.i. 
(The  Stii»iEON-FisnE.s.) 

Body  oblong,  compressed  and  usually  elevated,  covered  with  ve'.y  small 
scales ;  lateral  line  continuous.  Tail  armed  with  1  or  more  spines  or  bony 
plates.    Eye  lateral,  high  np ;  preorbital  very  narrow  and  deep.    Nostrils 

♦According  to  Bleeker,  our  species,  wlii«,h  is  Zanelus  cornntus,  is  distinct  from  Zanclu.i 
caneieeng,  dinering  in  the  absence  of  the  preopercular  spine,  in  tlio  longer  head  (3  in  total 
length),  and  in  the  presence  of  a  large  black  fenestrated  spot  below  eye  and  on  snout, 
iileeker's  figure  shows  a  black  streak  from  fore  Load  to  tip  of  snout,  with  a  black  streak 
running  horizontally  backward  toward  eye,  then  upward  to  join  the  first,  thus  formin^^ 
en  each  side  of  snout  a  right-angled  triangle  inclosing  a  triangular  ^>atch  of  the  ground 
color.  Tliese  black  marks  are  wanting  in  Zanelus  caneseens.  Accorduig  to  other  authors, 
Zanelus  eaneseenn  is  the  young  and  Zanehis  cornntus  tlu)  adult  of  the  same  species,  the 
name  eanescens  having  precedence.  The  above  description  is  from  specimens  tukim  at 
Uonoiolu. 


hV 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  N .rth  America.     1G89 


double.  Mouth  small,  low;  each  jaw  with  a  sin^lo  series  of  narrow  inci- 
»ui'-liko  teeth;  vomer  iiml  palatines  toothless;  preniiixilhirios  somewhat 
luovablo,  hut  not  protru^itile ;  maxillary  short,  closely  united  with  the 
])romaxillary ;  gill  rakers  oltsoh'te;  pseudohranehia^  large;  gills  4,  a  slit 
bohiud  the  fourth;  gill  meinhrancs  attached  to  the  isthmus,  the  openings 
tliiiH  r»!8tricted  to  the  sides.  A  single  dorsal  fin,  with  strong  spiues,  the 
s[)inous  part  of  the  fin  shorter  than  the  soft  part;  anal  iin  similar  t«>  soft 
ilorsal;  pectorals  moderate;  ventral  tins  present,  tl'oracic,  mostly  I,  5 
(never  I,  4, 1,  as  in  Siganida).  Pelvis  bones  long,  narrow,  eiirved,  closely 
connected,  evident  through  the  skin,  as  in  Jialiatida;  with  which  group 
rhe  Teiithididd'  have  the  closest  affinities.  Pyhnic  caua  rather  few;  air 
bladder  largo;  intestinal  canal  long.  Vertebno  9  +  13  =  22.  Postt-rior 
suborbital  bone.;  in  close  contact  with  the  preoperele;  post-t«'mporal  im- 
movably united  with  the  skull,  appanmtly  simple,  but  really  trifurcatw 
with  the  interspaces  filled  in  with  bono,  the  foramen  not  passing  through 
it;  interneural  bones  with  transversely  expanded  buckler-liko  subcuta- 
neous plates,  which  intervene  betw«'en  the  spines  and  limit  their  motion 
forwards;  epipleurals  ditveloped  frcmi  the  ril)8.  Herbivorous  iishes  of  the 
tropical  seas;  genera  5  or  more ;  spt-cies  nearly  80,  most  of  them  belonging 
to  Tenth. „.  Those  fishes  undergo  large  changes  with  age,  as  is  the  case 
nith  the  Chaetodontida',  the  young  having  often  been  described  as  distinct 
genera.    (Avronuridn'..  Gunther,  Cat.,  lii,  356,  1861  ) 

a.  Caudal  armature  developed  aa  a  movable  a.itrorse,  extremely  sliarp,  kuife-e^lgod  spine, 
erectile  from  a  groove. 
6.  Ventral  rays  1, 6;  teeth  fixed  and  strong;  dorsal  spines  usunlly  9.    Teotiiis,  664. 
aa.  Caudal  arniattire  developed  as  immovable  tubercles  or  lamina. 

c.  Voutrals  1, 5 j  rual  spines  5 ;  dorsal  spines  usually  8 ;  caudal  plates  3  to  6. 

Xescuus,  665. 


V::  ;• 


■i  y 


11  n 


664.  TEUTHIS,*  Linnaeus. 

(DOCTOU-I'ISIIES.) 

Ilhomboiides,  Klbik,  MinBus  (nonbinoniial). 

/f<7)0<M«, 'jrKONOw,  Zoopbyl.,  nO!i  (hepaUit;  nonbinominal). 

TeiillU,  LiKN.KUS,  Syat.  Nat.,  Ed.  XII,  507,1766  (hepatus;  jaiuts ;  after  Hepatut,  GiiONOw). 

AcanUnirus,  FokskAl, Bescr.  Anim.,  59, 1775  (Ghcvtodon  unicorniii). 

Ilar2>urui  (F0R8TBK)  Gmelin,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  1269, 1788. 

Aipiturui,  Laci::p6de,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  iv,  ."JuG,  1802  {nuhar). 

Theuthig,  CuviER,  Tab.  El.  Hist.  Nat.,  371, 1798. 

Thcutis,  CuviEB,  Rfcgre  Animal,  Ed.  1,  n,  330,  1817  (restricted  to  Lex  Avanlhurwt;  allies 

of  TeuihU  htpatxis), 
Teuthijs,  SWAINSON,  altered  orthography. 
Khombotideg  (Klein)  Day,  Fishes  India,  i,  202, 1876. 
Acanthurut,  of  authors  generally. 


at.  Sci.  Phila.  1884, 227-231,  for  the  synonyuy  of 
Gill.  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884, 275,  for  the  lull  f 


the 

sya- 


*  See  Meek  <fe  Hoffman,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat 
American  species  of  this  |;enus,  and  Gill 
onymy  of  the  genera  of  this  family  and  of  the  Siganidce. 

The  name  Teuthisi  has  been  transferred  by  Cantor  .md  Giintlier  to  the  typo  of  Teuthis 
javxig,  the  genus  called  Sigunut,  by  Forsk&l,  and  Amphacanthus,  by  Bloch  &  Schneider. 
Tlie  application  of  the  laws  of  nomenclature  here  oilers  some  dinicnlties,  as  the  name 
Tmthit  was  neglected  by  most  followers  of  Linna-us.  Apparently,  Dr.  Gill  is  right  in 
applying  the  name  to  the  present  genus  iu  place  of  Acanthurus, 

3030 29 


■'i 


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J  J. 


,mf22s:s!^ 


1090 


Hull  din  ^7,  United  States  National  Afuscum. 


This  genua  inclmles  those  Teuthididw  which  have  the  tail  armed  wifli 
a  sharp,  antrorso,  lancet-like,  movable  spine ;  strong,  fixed,  incisor  teetli ; 
ventral  rays,  I,  5,  and  usually  9  spines  in  the  dorsal  iin.  The  numerous 
species  are  found  in  all  tropical  seas ;  herbivorous  fishes,  living  about  cural 
reef's;  the  adult  protected  by  the  murderous  caudal  spine,  which  growH 
larger  with  age.  (revOi?,  the  Sqjiid,  l.oWjo;  substituted  by  Linuiuus  for 
Gronow's  name,  Jfepatut,  for  no  evident  reason.) 

a.  Caudal  spine  small;  spooios  pale,  barred  with  black.  triohteoub,  'iHii. 

aa.  Caudal  spine  strong ;  npncios  not  pale,  bai-nd  witli  black. 

b.  Dorsal  and  anal  without  yellow  ntreak,  widened  behind  on  dorsal  and  anal. 
c.  Uutlino  rhomboid,  the  depth  1^  in  length,  color  brown,  wnsheil  with  d(*o)> 

blue.  CiKKlTLKlS,  2105. 

cc.  Outline  ovate,  the  depth  about  2  in  ]<)Dgth;  color  brown,  never  blue. 

d.  C'audal  simply  luuatu.  ubpatub,  2100. 

dd.  Caudal  deeply  omarginate. 

e.  Up;  )er  lobe  of  caudal  not  filamentous.  crrstonis,  2107. 

ee.  ITf  per  lobe  of  caudal  pro<luced  in  a  filament.     RAUIANUS,  2108. 

bb.  Dorsal  and  .anal  w .  ^h  a  yellow  streak  broadened  behind ;  a  flesh-colored  crescent 

under  eye.  AUALA,  2101). 


210}.  TEIJTII18  TRIOSTKCJIW  (Linntvus). 


iiisi 


Head  3| ;  depth  Ig ;  eye  2^  in  snout.  D.  IX,  23 ;  A.  Ill,  21.  Body  ovato, 
anterior  profile  gently  curved,  most  convex  over  eyes;  snout  somewhat 
produced,  concave  above.  Dorsal  fin  moderate,  anterior  spines  more  oi' 
less  concealed  in  the  skin,  the  longest  spines  about  1^  in  snout,  the  soft 
rays  shorter;  first  anal  spine  very  short,  the  third  longest,  about  equal  to 
longest  dorsal  spines;  soft  portion  of  anal  about  as  high  as  the  third  anal 
spine;  caudal  slightly  lunate,  the  lobes  but  little  produced;  pectorals 
about  as  long  as  head;  ventrals  as  long  as  snout.  Color  in  life,  dark 
greenish  or  slaty  above,  with  yellowish  cloudings;  clun,  bdlly,  throat, 
and  a  narroAv  strip  along  base  of  anal,  white;  vertical  fins  dusky;  anal 
with  a  narrow  white  margin;  pectorals  plain;  ventrals  white  on  under 
surface ;  sides  with  5  black  bars  each  about  as  wide  as  pupil,  the  first, 
beginning  just  in  front  of  the  brauchiostegals,  extends  upwtiid  and  back- 
ward across  cheek,  through  eye  and  to  median  line  of  back,  where  it  meets 
its  fellow  from  thelither  side ;  the  second  begins  at  front  of  dorsal  fin  and 
extends  downward  to  base  of  pectoral  from  Avhich  point  it  is  continued 
downward  in  a  narrower  line  beginning  on  base  of  pectoral  and  ending 
just  above  base  of  ventral;  the  third  begins  near  base  of  sixth  dorsal 
spine  and  extends  across  side  to  1)elly  at  a  point  midway  between  anuH 
and  beginning  of  anal  fin ;  the  fourth  begins  on  base  of  first  dorsal  ray 
and  extends  to  first  anal  ray ;  the  fifth  begins  at  base  of  seventh  dorsal 
ray  and  extends  across  side  to  base  of  fifth  anal  ray;  a  black  spot  on 
upper  side  of  caudal  peduncle.  Pacific  Ocean;  very  abundant  about 
rocky  islands  from  New  Zealand  and  Australia  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands 
and  the  Revillagigedos;  not  yet  found  elsewhere  in  American  waters ;  our 
specimens  from  Clarion  and  Socorro  islands,  (triostegud,  rpeii,  three; 
(Sreyoo,  to  cover.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1691 


Oheetodon  trio*tegua,  LiNN^Krw,  Synt.  Nat.,  ¥a\.  x,  274,  1758,  India. 
Ilarpurus  /asciatiis,  Fokmier,  I)«'8cr.  Aniui.,£(l.  Licht.,  121(1. 
Ohatodon  zebra,  Lackpkhe,  Hint.  Nut.  Poids.,  ill,  25,  tig.  3, 1800,  no  locality. 
Aeanthurus  zebra,  Lackim'odk,  Hist.  Nut.  Poiss.,  iv,  540,  pi.  0,  li^.  H,  ]8()'J,  no  locality. 
Olicetodun  couaga,  Lac^;i'i:i)K,  lii.st.  Nat.  PoisH.,  iv,  71!7, 18ii2,  no  Imwilily. 
Acanthurun  hiriindo,  Benneit,  Ceylon  Fialius,  11,  pi.  11,  1830,  Ceylon. 
Teuthia  auntralin,  Gray,  in  Kind's  Narr.  Survey  Coaxt  of  Australia,  ii,  435, 1826. 
.ieanthurus  Kubarmatus,  Bennett,  Wlialinj^  Voyage,  ii,278,  1840,  Society  Islands. 
Aeanthurus  trioHteijui,  CuviKii  &  Valencienne.s,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oias.,  .\,  19',  1335;  GDnthek, 
Cat.,  111,327,1801. 

2I0S.  TEi;THi8-(J/KUUIiKilN  (IShxIi  \-  Siliuuiilcr). 

(liAHBlCKO;   BLUE  Sl'ltOEON ;    BlI'E  TaNCI.) 

Hejid  3i;  depth  li.  D.  IX,  27;  A.  Ill,  2\.  Body  rhomltoid,  the  ant«rior 
lirofile  subvertiuiil,  iieurly  Mtraight,  iiinking  an  anj^le  of  about  60*^  with 
axis  of  body.  Ciiudul  deeply  eiuarginute,  its  lobes  Bubei|iiiil,  the  middle 
rays  j}  length  of  outer.  Color  deep  blue,  or  rather  brown,  washed  with 
deep  blue;  body  with  undulating  longitudinal  pale-bine  streaks,  no 
dark  cross  bars;  vertical  iius  blue  '.. ith  obli(ine  bronze  streaks;  lips  and 
caudal  spine  yellow ;  edge  of  caudal  black ;  pectorals  yellow ;  young  with 
the  blue  shades  obsolete.  West  Indies ;  generally  coiuiuon  from  Key  West 
and  Bermuda  to  Bahia.     (coBruieuSjhina.) 

Turdus  rhomboidalin,  Catesby,  Nat,  Uist.  Carolina,  etc.,  1742,  basod  in  part  on  Bloch. 
Aeanthurut  eteruletm,  Bloch  &  Schneider,  Syst.  Icbth.,214, 1801,  after  Catesby,  Parha 

and  Browne,  Carolina,  Havana,  Jamaica;  Cuvier    Sc    N'^alenciennes,  Hist.  Nat. 

Poiss.,  X,  179, 1835;  GCnther,  Cat.,  in,  336, 1861. 
Aeanthurut  brevis,  Poey,  Meinorins,  ii,  207, 1860,  Antilles  and  Havana. 
Acanthtirus  brousgonetii,  Dksmabest,  Preni.  Doc.  Ichtb.,  26, 1823,  Cuba. 
Aeronunts eceruleattis,  Poey,  Enuineratio,69, 1875, Cuba;  young. 
Teuthit  ecenUeug,  Meek  &  Hoffman,  {.  c,  228, 1884. 


2106.  TEUTHI8  HKFATIJS,  Linnaeus. 

(Common  Suhokon;  Dcxttok-fish ;  Lancet- fish ;  Barber;  Tano;  Sakineub;  Barbero.) 

Head  -S^;  depth  2.  D.  IX,  26;  A.  Ill,  24.  Form  ovate;  anterior  profile 
moderately  convex,  forming  an  angle  of  45^  with  axis  of  body.  Caudal 
simply  lunate,  its  inner  rays  about  f  length  of  outer  rays;  caudal  lobes 
HMbequal,  the  upper  never  filamentous.  Color  dark  «dive  jrown,  more  or 
less  distinctly  greenish ;  middle  of  sides  paler;  sides  with  ul»out  12  dis- 
tinct blackish  vertical  bars,  rather  narrower  than  the  interspaces,  most 
distinct  over  front  of  anal;  a  brownish  stripe  along  base  of  dorsal;  spi- 
nous dorsal  with  alternate  stripes  running  upward  and  backward,  of  dark 
blue  and  bronze  olive,  the  two  colors  of  a'jout  equal  width;  soft  dorsal 
with  a  bluish  streak  on  the  anterior  side  of  «'ach  ray,  and  a  bronze  stripe 
behind  it ;  tins  verj  dark,  often  almost  black.  West  Indies ;  common  from 
Florida  to  Bahia.  This  is  the  most  abundant  species  of  the  genus,  being 
apparently  common  throughout  the  West  Indies,  and  certainly  so  at  Key 
West  and  Cuba;  ranging  northward  perhaps  as  far  as  Charleston,  doubt- 
less not  to  New  York,  where  it  is  reported  on  the  authority  of  the  confused 
collection  of  Milbert.  (hepatus,  an  old  name  of  some  iish,  from  hepas, 
liver.) 


w 


p^^ 


¥ 


1692         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum, 


Teuthii  hepatuji,  LiNN^X's,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  xn,  507,  1766,  Carolina;  after  Ilepatu*  mucrotir 

rejU'xn,  QuoNow. 
Chcetoihin  cliifiirgus,  Uiajcii,  AubI.  FIsoh.,  99,  pi.  208,  No.  24, 1784,  Martinique  ;   on  u  tliaw 

iiig  by  ri.i'MiKK. 
Aeanthunm  hepatus,  liuicii  Sc  Kciinkidbr,  Syet.  Iclitli.,  211,  1801;  in  part,  not  of  later 

writerH. 
Acanthuntt  phlebotomu*,  CrviKR  &  Valenciennes,  Ili.st.  Nat.  roi88.,x,170, 1&')5,  Martin- 
ique, Brazil,  Havana,  New  York;  I'uEY,  Keperturiu,  i,  250,  1867;  PoKY,  iSyuui>»i.',, 

245,  flg.?,  1868 
Aeronurus/mcHii,  Gronow,  Cat.  Fishes,  E«l.  Gray,  110, 1854  (same  type  as  T.  hepatun  L.j 
Acronuru»cari>euii,VoK'i,  Meiuoiras,  ii,  207, 1860,  Crba;  young. 
Acanthurus  ehinirgus,  CuviER  &  Valenciennes,  Uist.  Nut.  I'oIsb.,  x,  168, 1835;  GOntiiku, 

Cat.,m,  329, 1861;  PoBY,  Synopsis,  355, 1868 ;  Jordan  \  (J ilhert,  Synopsis,  617, 1883. 
Aeanthunu  nu/rtca?i«,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  041,  1883;  not  Ohcetodon  nigricans, 

Linniiiiis,  fron<  the  liod  Sea. 
Teuthi*  hepatus,  Meek  &.  Hoffman,  I.  c,  229, 1884. 


2107.  TKUTIIIN  CUKSTUMS,  Jordan  &  Sturks. 
(Bariiero  Neoro.) 

Hciid3i;  depth  It*.  D.  IX,26;  A.  Ill, 24;  siiontljiii  head;  oyo  3i^;  pec- 
toral e<iual  to  head ;  caudal  \  hmguT  than  head ;  loiigest  dursal  Hpiue  equal- 
in;^  longest  soft  ray,  1^  in  head;  ventral  1,!  in  head.  Body  deep  and  cuiii- 
pressed,  the  anterior  profile  steep,  convex  heforo  eye;  caudal  lunate,  tlie 
upper  ray  i  longer  than  middle  one,  vontrals  very  long.  Body  slaty 
brown,  mottled  with  gray  but  without  bands;  dorsal  with  a  Iduish  gray 
band  at  base,  then  a  bronze  one,  forking  on  soft  dorsal,  inclosing  a  Idiiisb 
gray  band ;  5  gray  bands  and  1  bronze  ones  on  dorsal  more  or  less  distinct, 
especially  in  young;  anal  with  5  bluish  gray  and  5  bronze  bands  more 
oblique  than  those  on  dorsal  and  hence  not  continuous  the  whole  length 
of  lin;  caudal  peduncle  black,  a  whitish  yellow  cross  band  behind  spine, 
faint  in  adult,  the  anterior  margin  vertical,  the  posterior  concave;  rest 
of  caudal  black;  pectoral  yellowish;  ventrals  dusky,  the  spine  black. 
Adult  with  the  pectoral  quite  yellow;  pale  baud  at  base  of  caudal  grow- 
ing faint  with  age;  a  blue  streak  along  base  of  dorsal.  Length  8  to  10 
inches.  Rocky  shores  on  the  west  c«»ast  of  Mexico  from  Mazatlan  to 
Panama;  common  at  Mazatlan.  Also  obtained  by  Dr.  Gill>ert  in  1881 
at  Mazatlan  and  Panama.  Those  specimens  having  been  destroyed  by 
fire,  have  never  been  described,  and  were  provisicmally  and  incorrectly 
referred  to  the  West  Indian  species  Teitthia  iractus  (hahianm),  from  whicli 
this  species  differs  in  a  few  respects,  (Named  for  Creston  *  Island,  a  com 
manding  peak  in  the  harbor  of  Mazatlan  at  the  base  of  which  this  species 
abounds.) 

leuthis  eregtonit,  Jordan  &.  Starks,  Fishes  of  Sinaloa,  in  Proc.  Cat.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 485,  pi.  47, 
Mazatlan.    (Type,  No.  2899,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.    Coll.  Hopkin.s  expedition  to  Sinaloa.) 


''  "  Beyond  the  headland  with  its  palm  tree  lone 
Flashes  the  beacon  light  on  tall  Creston ; 
The  last  and  haiigbriestof  the  cragsv  horde, 
Sierra  Madre  aeuus  forth  ocean  ward.'' 


m     ' 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1093 

210H.  TKUTIIIS  BAIIIAM  S  (Ciistelnau). 

(liARIIKIRO;   OCEAN  TANU.) 

Head  3^ ;  depth  2.  D.  IX,  24 ;  A.  Ill,  22.  Outline  ovnte ;  anterior  proflin 
moderately  convex,  making  unfile  of  45^^  with  axis  of  body.  Ciiudul 
(l<'(fply  emarginate,  its  upper  lolte  much  the  longer,  in  adult  8lend«^r  and 
usually  produced  into  a  tilanient,  the  inner  rays  if  length  of  ont<T  rayH 
(in  adult).  Color  dark  brown,  blotched  with  paler  ]»elow,  no  transverHe 
bars;  brown,  wavy,  longitudinal  streaks  on  sides  of  body;  8  dark  lines 
running  parallel  with  edge  of  dorsal  fin  for  its  whole  length  and  H0))arated 
)>y  interspaces  of  Hame  width;  margin  of  caudal  tin  bluish  with  a  violet 
base;  no  distinct  dark  cross  bar  at  base  of  caudal.  Length  1  foot.  West 
Indies  and  neighboring  (toasts  of  tropical  America  from  Key  West  to 
Hahia;  the  adtilt  easily  known  from  related  species  by  the  form  of  the 
caudal,  the  young  by  the  fin  rays  and  the  markings;  our  specimens  from 
Key  West  and  Bahia.    (Name  from  Bahia.) 

Aeanthums  bahianu*,  Castelnac,  Anira.  nouv.  ou  Rares  de  L' Amer.  da  Sud,  24,  pi.  11,  fig. 

1, 1855,  Bahia  ;  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1890,  .123. 
Acanthurv$  tractut,  1'oey,  Memorias,  ii,  208,  I860,  Cuba  ;  I'OEV,  Kepcrtorio,  .350, 1807 ;  Joii- 

DAN  &  Gilbert,  Syiiopais,  941, 1883. 
AcronuruM  nigriciilug,  Poey,  Enumeratio,  69, 1875,  Cuba ;  larval  form. 
AeanthuniM  matoides,  JoHVAH  &  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882, 626;  not  of  Cuvier  &. 

Valenciennes. 
Teuthis  traetus,  Meek  &  Hoffman,  t.  c,  229, 1884. 


2100.  TKUTHiS  ALULA  (L«Hflon). 


(PmLOSOPHE.) 

Head  3| ;  depth  IJ  ioU;  eye  3^ ;  maxillary  i^  in  head.  D.  IX,  30 ;  A.  Ill, 
26;  from  eye  to  corner  of  mouth  li  in  head;  gill  opening  Ijs  in  head; 
opercle  short  and  obliquely  set,  4^  in  head ;  humeral  bone  striate.  Body 
ovate,  strongly  compressed,  closely  covered  with  small  rough  scales  wbiith 
become  shagreen-like  on  head;  lateral  lino  present  but  obscure;  anterior 
profile  strongly  convex  above  and  before  the  eye,  thence  somewhat  concave 
and  nearly  vertical  to  the  small  projecting  mouth.  Teeth  broad,  digitate, 
each  with  4  or  5  claw-like  serra)  at  tip;  lower  teeth  with  the  serrie  much 
smaller,  forming  notches.  Jaws  very  short,  about  e<iual,  about  10  incisors 
in  each.  Anterior  nostril  moderate;  close  to  posterior,  which  is  mu4;h 
smaller.  Dorsal  and  anal  low,  continuous,  rounded  behind;  longest 
dorsal  ray  near  end  of  fin,  2j(-  in  head;  longest  anal  ray  2  in  head;  caudal 
lunate,  upper  and  lower  angles  produced,  but  acuminate  and  short,  luiddle 
rays  1^  in  head,  the  outer  1  in  head;  caudal  spine  very  strong,  2;^  in 
head,  attached  near  its  posterior  end,  the  short  sharp  posterior  end  free, 
the  long  knife-like  anterior  portion  slipping  into  a  groove  in  the  flesh; 
pectoral  long,  i  longer  than  head ;  ventrals  1^  in  head.  Color  dark  pur- 
plish brown,  almost  black;  a  pale-yellowish  or  flesh-colored  crescentie 
area  under  eye;  a  ring  of  pearly  whitish  around  month,  not  quite  contin- 
uous above ;  a  pale  streak  along  dorsal  fin,  widening  behind  into  a  pale> 


'.|! 


1694  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


X  i 


is-  I 
^  ,1 


orange  patch,  ocoupyiiig  }  nf  height  of  lant  ray;  base  of  last  ray  dnaky; 
anal  marked  in  the  same  way  as  the  soft  dorHal ;  a  very  narrow  pale  eil;,n 
to  soft  parts  of  dorsal  and  anal;  pectoral  black;  caudal  abruptly  palo  at 
end  of  black  candal  peduncle,  Avith  a  curved  dark  Htreak  parallel  wiili 
edge  of  fin  and  nearly  the  diameter  of  the  eye  behind  it;  behind  this  a 
diffuse  yellow  area  itarallcl  with  the  dark  streak;  (in  behind  with  a  nm 
row  pale  edging;  flap  of  opercle  narrowly  pale.  East  Indies  to  wt'Ht 
coast  of  Mexico;  taken  in  abundance  on  Socorro  and  Clarion  islands  li\ 
Mr.  Riithard  C.  McGregor.  Our  spocinnms  above  described  seem  to  agrot 
in  all  respects  with  accounts  of  the  East  Indian  species.  (ikan-aU-aln. 
its  name  at  the  island  of  Oualan.) 

Acanthurut  aliala,  Leshon,  Voyage  Co<|uilln,  Zonl.,  n,  150, 1830,  Oualan.     (Coll.  Losaoh 

&.  Oarnot.) 
Aeanthunu  glaucopareius,  CnviER  &  Valenciennes,  Hist  Nat.  PoIhs.,  x,  100, 1836,  Oualan : 

Molucca  (after  Harpurns  glaucoparrins,  Forstek,  unpiibliHbod  ilrnwlnK  of  Hpi-(:iiiicii 

from  Otaheite,  calle<l  Ilarpurua  nigricant  by  Bluch  &  ScHNBinSR) ;  OCntheii,  Cat.,  ii, 

330. 

665.  XESURUS,  Jordan  &  Everraann. 

Xeiurns,  Jordan  &,  Evermann,  Chock-LiHt  Fislies,  421, 1806  (ptinetatun). 

Teeth  in  1  row,  each  5-lobed;  caudal  peduncle  armed  with  3  large  bony 
plates,  placed  in  a  right  line,  each  one  with  a  bluntish,  nonserrated  keol. 
This  genus  is  close  to  the  East  Indian  genus,  Prionurua  Lac<^p^de,  differ- 
ing chiefly  in  the  character  of  the  caudal  armature,  the  plates  in  rrioniirim 
being  small,  sharper,  and  in  greater  number,    (^edt  s,  scraping ;  ovpd,  tail. ) 

a.  Body  very  deep,  the  depth  in  adult  Ijl  in  length;  body  and  fins  everywhere  covertil 
with  round  blackish  spots;  caudal  plates  with  elevatcil  keel  (in  the  male),  sur- 
rounded by  smaller  tubercles.  pdnotatds,  2110. 

aa.  Body  not  very  deep,  not  covered  with  blackish  spots. 

b.  Bo<ly  ovate,  the  depth  2  in  length ;  coloration  nearly  uniform. 

TLARIONIH,  2111. 

bb.  Body  obloug,  the  de]>th  2J  in  iongtii;  a  broad  brown  lateral  band. 

LATICLAVIUS,  211'J. 

2110.  XKKIIKIIS  PIINCTATUS  (Gill). 

(CorHINITO.) 
/ 

Head  4;  depth  1?.  D.  VII,  26,  or  VIII,  26;  A.  Ill,  23;  V.  I.  5;  snont  H  in 
head;  eye  5jt;  pectoral  long  ns head;  ventral  1| in  head;  caudal  1^;  second 
dorsal  spine  2  in  head.  Adult  (of  16^  inches) :  Body  deep,  compressed, 
covered  with  fine  velvet;  anterior  profile  concave  before  eye,  then  con- 
vex, the  short  conic  snout  projecting,  lower  jaw  included.  Preoperelo 
obliquely  placed,  its  bony  edge  slightly  roughened.  Caudal  with  3  stout, 
compressed,  blunt  spines,  with  broad  bases,  the  tips  turned  upward,  the 
spines  whitish,  with  black  bases.  Some  specimens,  probably  females,  with 
no  other  spines;  others,  probably  males,  with  many  spines,  similar  in  form 
but  much  smaller,  scattered  over  posterior  half  of  body,  most  numerous 
about  the  other  spines,  these  black  in  color.  Young  with  3  small  blunt 
laminsB  only.  Gill  rakers  extremely  small  and  weak.  Caudal  evenly 
lunate ;  pectoral  not  falcate.    Teeth  §  on  each  side,  incisor-like,  lobatc. 


'  ;jt.'/*->f-ii'u'SSi.Ji'u>.-i 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1005 

(;olor  of  adult,  olive  green,  slightly  palor  below,  everywhere  evouly  cov- 
erud  with  Nmall,  round,  blac-k  spotH,  cloau  set  but  not  contiueut,  the  lurgt'st 
about  equal  to  nostril;  cnudtil  peduncle  and  tin  abruptly  bright  yellow, 
unspotted;  other  tins  colored  like  the  body  and  similarly  Hpott<>d,  the 
spots  more  sparse;  vertical  tins  dusky-edged,  the  spots  fuwt  v  on  the  edge. 
Voiiii<;,  light  steel  blue  or  gray,  paler  below ;  a  triangular  silvery  patch  on 
iirrastand  opercles;  caudal  tin  canary  yellow,  sometimes  white,  clouded 
at  base;  second  dorsal  and  anal  black,  a  dark  bar  from  napo  through  eyo; 
Huout  duHky ;  small  dark  spots  everywhere  on  body,  those  soniotimes  so 
iiinnerous  as  to  reduce  the  ground  color  to  reticulations.  Rocky  places 
on  thePacidc  coast  of  Mexico;  reaching  a  length  of  18  inches;  the  young 
of  1  or  2  inches  in  length  abundant  in  rock  pools  about  Cape  San  Lucas 
and  Mazatlan.  The  adult  taken  by  us  about  Creston  Island  and  by  Dr. 
Gilbert  about  the  Revillagigedos and  Cup ^  San  Lucas,   {■punoiatv.a,  spotted. ) 

I'rionuntt punetatu$,  Gill,  Prm;.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. Phila.  1862,  242,  Cape  San  Lucas;  yoiiiit;. 

(Coll.  John  XantiiH.) 
Xi  mnu  punctatuB,  Jordan,  Fishes  of  Sinaloa,  486,  pi.  46, 1895. 


I  1 


2111.  XKSUBU8  CLARIONIH,  Gilbert  &.  Starks. 

Head  3^  in  length  to  base  of  caudal;  depth  2.  D.  VII,  26;  A.  Ill,  22; 
oye  3  in  snout;  pectoral  4  in  length;  ventral  7.  Protlle  undulating;  con- 
cave on  snout  and  above  eyes,  produced  before  eyes  and  at  occiput;  occi- 
put forming  a  well-rounded  angle,  behind  which  the  curve  of  the  back  is 
iiniforni  to  the  caudal  peduncle.  Teeth  in  a  single  row,  alike  in  both 
Jaws,  wide  and  tlat  outer  margin  oblique,  divided  into  5  rounded  lobes; 
lower  jaw  inclnded ;  gill  opening  equal  in  length  to  pectoral ;  tirst  dorsal 
spine  f  as  long  as  the  others,  which  are  snbequal;  ventral  spine  extend- 
ing to  middle  of  vent,  i  length  of  soft  rays;  upper  rays  of  pectoral  pro- 
tluced,  the  tin  somewhat  acute  at  tip ;  posterior  margin  of  pectoral  concave ; 
anal  slightly  higher  than  soft  rays  of  dorsal  but  similar  in  outline.  Body, 
bead,  and  tins  everywhere  with  a  villous  covering;  3  largo  bony  plates 
u*>ar  tail,  not  with  recurved  spines  in  our  specimens.  Color  in  alcohol, 
uniform  dark  brown,  often  tinely  mottled  with  darker  in  life,  the  caudal 
(lark  yellowish.  Numerous  specimens  15  inches  long,  obtained  by  Dr. 
(jilbert  {Albatross  Coll.),  at  Clarion  Island  in  the  Revillagigedo  Archi- 
pelago. This  species  is  much  deeper  than  Xeaurus  laticlavitis,  as  shown  in 
the  figure  given  by  Valenciennes,  and  shows  no  lateral  band,  but  it  may 
be  the  adult  of  the  same  species. 
Xesitnu  elarionis,  GiLnEKT  &,  Stabks,  Proo,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1800, 445,  pi.  51,  Clarion  Island. 


.:^-l 


i  i  '   V 


2112.  XESURUS  liATlCLAVlUN  (Vald'oioiines). 

Head  4;  depth  2i;  eye  4;  snout  H.  D.  VII,  27  (VIII,  28);  A.  Ill  or  IV,  23. 
Snout  much  produced,  anterior  protile  below  eye  concave,  between  eye 
and  dorsal  fin  convex;  3  plates  on  median  line  of  caudal  peduncle,  of 
nearly  uniform  size;  8  incisors  on  each  side  of  upper  jaw.  Color  yellow- 
ish or  orange,  a  broad  band  of  darker  or  brownish  extending  from  gill- 
opening  to  base  of  caudal  fin,  narrowing  toward  posterior  end;  body 


.■iti^.U.:^^ 


'■&i 


V !; 


1696 


Dulleiin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


proftiBoly  covered  with  flno  darker  pnuctiilations ;  fins  nil  pain  oran;,"'. 
(l)escriptiou  from  Viileiiciennea'ti  plate,  which  may  inrorreotly  rt^prvsont 
Xesiiriis  punctatiia.).  Galapagos  Isluuds;  ouly  the  typo  known,  {lalus 
side;  clavia,  stripe.) 

Prionuniii  lalielaviun,  Valkncienneh,  Voyage  V6nnH,  33n,  pi.  7,  (Ik.  2,  IMfl,  Gatapagd:^ 
lalands;  (iUnthkh,  Cat.,  in,  347,  1861. 


#r '  • ; 


Group  PLECTOGNATIIT. 
(The  PLECToaNATHOus  Fishes.) 

One  of  the  most  important  oflfshoots  of  tho  Acanlhopteri  is  the  groii]*  or 
order  Plectognathi,  including  the  3  suborders  of  Svlerodermi,  Osiraendermi 
and  Gymnodontea.  The  extremes  of  this  group  show  a  n^markable  diver- 
gence from  tho  usual  type  of  spiny-rayed  lishes.  The  more  gencrali/t'd 
forms  are,  however,  very  close  to  the  group  called  Squamipinnra,  and  esjtc- 
cially  to  the  family  of  TeuthidUla:.  There  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  common 
origin  of  lialiatida'  and  Teiithididw  and  that  tho  divergence  is  compariitivcly 
recent.  The  close  connection  of  these  groups  leads  us  to  subordinate  tho 
I'lectognatlii  to  the  Acanthopieri  and  to  place  its  .3  suborders  in  their  naturtil 
position  as  an  offshoot  from  the  Squamipinne$,  The  riectoynathi  may  be 
thus  defined :  * 

Scapula  suspended  to  the  cranium  by  a  post-temporal  which  is  short, 
undivided,  and  anchylosed  to  tho  epiotic.  Premaxillnries  usually  ooosificd 
with  the  maxillaries  behind  and  the  dontary  bones  with  the  articular; 
interopercleaslendorrod;  lower  pharyngeal  bones  distinct;  upper  pharyn- 
geals laminar,  usually  vertical  and  transverse;  skin  usuiilly  with  ron^li 
shields  or  scales  or  bony  jdates;  skeleton  imperfectly  ossified,  the  number 
of  vertebra?  usually  small,  typically  less  than  24  (usually  14  to  20) ;  rarely 
considerably  increased.  Gill-openiugs restricted  to  tho  sides;  ventral  tins 
reduced  or  wanting,  the  pelvic  bones  usually  elongate.  Spinous  dorsal 
small  or  wanting ;  air  bladder  without  duct.  Fishes  chiefly  of  the  tropics, 
mostly  inactive  and  depending  on  their  tough  skin  or  bony  or  spinous 
armature  for  their  protection.    ( jr  Aexrdj,  braided  or  joined ;  yvdOoi,  jaw. ) 


m 


Suborders  of  Plectognathi. 

a.  Jaws  with  distinct  teeth. 

h.  Spinous  dorsal  present ;  'uo<ly  with  scales  or  movahle  plates.  SCLBKonKRMi. 

bb.  Spinous  dorsal  wanting;  body  encaso<l  in  an  inunovablo  carapace  of  hexagonal 

plates;  the  jaws,  bases  of  fins,  and  tail  only  free.  Ostkacodekmi. 

aa.  Jaws  each  modifled  into  a  sort  of  beak ;  each  jaw  with  an  enamel-like  covering  anil 

without  distinct  teeth  ;  scales  rhomboid  or  spiniform,  with  root-like  insertions; 

spinous  dorsal  wanting.  Gyhnodontes. 


*  Tho  definition  of  this  group  is  taken  from  Dr.  Gill.    (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884, 412.) 


i « 


i,.lj.^-;r 


il^ 


Jordan  aud  livermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1697 


Suborder  SC^LEUODKRMI. 

P1ccto)piathn  with  :i  HpinoiiH  dorHal  composed  of  one  or  more  spines 
iiisertod  JuHt  behind  the  nraiiiiiiii;  hody  of  the  normal  iish-liko  Hhape; 
scales  rough,  or  H])iuiK<^roiiH,  of  rcj^iilar  form;  jaws  with  diNtinct  teeth, 
conical  or  inciHor-Iiko.  Four  faiuilicH  may  be  rocogni/ed.  {dnXtfiJoe,, 
iiiird;  SFfjfia,  skin.) 

a.  ViMitrul  lliiH  roprcHttntciI  each  )iy  it  liirKo  npinc,  nnrmally  iirticiiliitinK  with  tho  pelvin 
ImnoH;  NcalnH  rniiiiilpd,  nioro  or  loHH  Hpiuitrcroiig ;  vcrtehric  III. 

'I'HiAfANTinn.K,  ci.xvni. 

aa.  Ventral  IIiir  ohHoloto  or  tho  pair  rcpronentnil  by  a  iiii]i;l«  Hpiiio  at  tlic  mil  of  the  long 

pnlvic  hoiii^  Hcaloa  roii^rh,  rhoiiiliic,  <tr  M]>iiiilorin. 

b."  Vertchnc  in  Hiiiall  iiiiiiibcr,  17  to  21 ;  no  barbel  at  chin ;  k'H  oponinK  »ot  bororo 

the  eyoH. 

e.  Fii-Ht  dorsal  composed  of  3,  nroly  2  HpincH,  the  llrnt  apino  very  largo,  I  he 

second  locking  it  ir  ■Toctiou;  Hcah-Hciimparatively  large,  bony,  rough, 

forming  a  coat  of  1....I1;  vcrtebne  17.  Ualihiio.*;,  ci.xix. 

ee.  Firflt  doraal  of  a  single  spine,  with  a  mdimcnt  at  its  baae ;  scalos  niinut«\ 

not  bony,  tho  edges  spinoacent,  ho  that  the  snrface  of  the  body  la 

rough  volvoty.  MoNAtANTIIIDiK,  CLXX. 


Family  CLXVIII.  TRIACANTHTDiE. 

Body  compressed,  covered  with  small  or  minute  rounded  scales  more  or 
li'Hs  spinigerous.  Month  small ;  teeth  in  1  or  2  series  in  ea(;h  jaw,  conical 
or  incisor-iike.  First  dorsal  fin  of  3  to  6  strong  spines,  tho  fust  one  largest; 
soft  dorsal  rather  hmg  and  low,  similar  to  anal;  ventral  fins  each  a  strong 
spine  attached  to  the  pelvic  hone;  vertebrie  (in  TrirtcafW/j««)  9-f  10=19. 
I'lireo  genera  and  about  5  species;  tropical  shore  fishes,  chiefly  East 
Indian,  1  of  them  American.  {Triacanthina,  GUnther,  Cat.  Fishes,  viii, 
208-211,1870.) 


ruiACANTHODINiK: 

(I.  Teeth  conical,  not  incisor-like ;  oandal  po<lunclo  short. 


i"  I 


b.  Teeth  in  one  row  in  each  jaw. 


HOLLARDIA,  660. 


666.  HOLLARDIA,  Pooy. 

llnllardia,  Poet,  Memcdas,  il,  348,1861  (hoUardi). 

Body  compressed,  rhomboid;  the  back  elevated  mesially,  the  dorsal 
and  ventral  outlines  similar.  Dorsal  inserted  posteriorly,  with  0  spines, 
not  depressihle  in  a  farrow,  thfi  first  spine  much  larger  and  longer  than 
llio  others;  ventral  spines  long  and  rough ;  teeth  conical,  in  1  series,  about 
10  in  each  jaw ;  no  distinct  lateral  line ;  scales  each  of  several  simple  spines 
separate  to  the  base,  long  and  sharp.  One  species.  (Named  for  Henri  Hol- 
Iard,t  at  one  time  professor  of  zoology  in  the  faculty  of  sciences  at  Poiters, 

*  Vertebrae  20  or  30,  chin  with  a  long  barbel,  gill  openings  before  the  eyes,  in  tho  East 
Indian  family,  I'idlocephalidce. 

t  "  Je  prie  M.  llollard  d'acceptcr  mon  homniage,  coninie  un  tribut  de  reconnaisaanco 
pour  le  bean  travail  qu'il  a  in86r6  dans  lea  Annales  des  Sciences  Itaturelles."    (Poey.) 


1008 


liuUetiti  4y,  Ihiilcd  States  National  Museum. 


IIonr,iHl,  antltcir  of  "Mono^rnphindoliiramillcilcH  nalintoideA"  (1H53)  niiil 
otiKT  ])ri|H«ra,  tlie  chief  H«iurr»  of  «»iir  knowl«Mlf(«^  of  the  Htructiiri'  iiiul 
relutlouH  of  the  riootot^nathH.) 

:!ll».  IIOI.I.AKIUA  IIOIJ.AKDI,  I'ooy. 

Ileud  2ii ;  tli^ptli  \\ ;  «\vo  liirKo,  L'i  in  \ww\.  T).  VI,  17;  A.  M  ;  \\  ir.;  C.  ij 
(Fppnr  and  lowur  prollh-H  of  li«>ii«l  <!<|iiall\  ohliqiio;  tlrnt  doraal  Npino  at 
middle  of  body  iind  at  itH  hi^lieMt  point;  Aah^Wx  Hlunder,  H-f  5  in  earhjiiw  ; 
tin  I'tiyH  all  rough;  vtintral  iipinos  longer  than  longoHt  dornal  Hpine,  li^  In 
head;  noft  vertical  linH  rounded;  ])ectoval  nhort,  pointed;  gill  opfnin^; 
vertical;  Hkin  everywhero  very  rough.  Tale  greeniHh,  Avith  interrupt«Ml 
dar)<  banilH.  Cuba;  ii  ningle  injured  Hpeciinen,  9^  incheH  long,  M'ashod 
ashore  on  the  reef  n«<ar  Havana. 

llollardta  hotlardi,  PoKV,  MoiiioriaH,  ii,  348,  jil.  IH,  llg.  11, 1801,  Cuba;  (M'nthkk,  (.'at.,  viii, 
200, 1870. 

Family  CLXIX.  HALISTID^. 


1  ^  ' 


;f 

■J'"'' 


it        1   'H 


'Mi  ■  Ti 
":%,.  ■:.:■ 

■■■■.?■  ■■■^i  i!,i, 


is    " 

■      fp,       ■  Ml 


(TlIK  TKUlGKIt-KIHIIEH.) 

Body  oblong,  or  ovate,  nioderat«dy  couipreHsod,  covered  Avith  rath(>r 
large  rongh  scales  or  scutt's  of  varying  i'orm,  the  B<-utcH  not  forming  an 
immovable  carapace.  Lateral  line  obscure  or  wanting.  Mouth  small, 
terminal,  low;  jaws  short,  each  with  about  1  series  of  separate  luciHor- 
like  teeth;  eye  near  occiput;  prcorbital  very  deep.  Chin 'without  barbel, 
(fill  openingH  Huiall,  slit-like,  above  or  in  front  of  pectoral  flns,  and  not 
before  eyes.  Dorsal  itns  2,  the  anterior  of  2  or  3  spines,  the  first  spiuc 
highest,  very  strong,  the  second  locking  it  in  erection;  second  dorsal 
remote  from  the  first,  of  many  soft  rays;  caudal  fln  rounded  or  forked; 
ventral  tins  wanting,  their  place  o<'cupied  by  a  single  stout  thick  spine  at 
the  end  of  the  very  long,  usually  movable,  pubic  bone.  Post-temporal 
short,  simple,  the  forks  obliterated,  the  b<uie  grown  solidly  to  the  skull, 
and  with  no  foramen.  Vertebra*  in  reduced  number  (17).  Genera  about 
9,  species  about  50.  Shore  ilshes  of  the  tropical  seas,  of  rather  large  size, 
carnivorous  or  partly  herbivorous,  very  rarely  used  as  food,  many  of  them 
reputed  as  poiHoucuis.  According  to  Dr.  Day,  "Eating  the  flesh  of  these 
fishes  occasions  in  places  Byni])toms  of  most  virulent  poisoning.  Dr.  Men- 
nier,  at  the  Mauritius,  considers  that  the  poisonous  flesh  acts  primarily  on 
the  nervous  tissue  of  ^e  stomach,  occasioning  violent  spasms  of  that 
organ  and  shortly  afterwards  of  all  the  muscles  of  the  body.  The  frame 
becomes  racked  with  spasms,  the  tongue  thickened,  the  eye  fixed,  the 
breathing  laborious,  and  the  p.vtient  expires  in  a  paroxysm  of  extreme 
suff'»Jring."    {lialistida;  genus  lialiatea,  Giiuther,  Cat.,  vii,  211-229, 1870.) 

a.  Caudal  peduncle  coinproHsed. 
6.  Teeth  white  or  ]mlo,  not  red. 

c.  Teeth  unequal,  ohlique,  each  one  deeply  notched. 

d.  Gill  opening  with  n  number  of  enlarged  bony  plates  or  scntes  bchiml 
it ;  ventral  flap  movable,  aupported  by  a  Hories  of  spineR,  muro  or 
less  free  at  ti]),  and  resembling  tin  rays ;  cheeks  entirely  scaled, 
without  naked  grooves  or  patches;  eye  with  a  groove  before  it; 
scales  rather  small,  60  to  75. 


Jordan  aud  F.vertnavn. — Fishes  of  North  America.     H509 


«.  DoritKl  nnd  mini  Ahm  fnlcnto  In  tlin  ndnit;  rnnilnl  InlHtH  ArnmliiAte 
III  adult :  litttTiil  lino  Hlt'iiilur,  iiiidiilati<,  nioro  or  I<>hh  davol<)|t(Ml; 
Mt'uli'N  of  liill  and  iHrnttTlnr  pnrlM  iiiiiirinftd,  Hiniilur  to  tlioHnoii 
n<Ht  of  liod.v ;  M'litnil  llii|i  will)  idi'ndnr,  nliiirp  h|>Iii<<m:  Ihinl 
dorsiil  apliMi  liltir  Hiiiallrr  llian  mM'iuid  and  roiii<)t<<  fnim  it. 

ItAIJSIRH,  (HI7. 

n.  Dornal  and  anal  IIiin  low  and  rounded,  tlicir  iiiikIcn  and  IIioho  ol 

ciiiidal  not  |iMdu I:  litlcnil  linn  oliHo|<tt«,  or  with  a  triic«  at 

tlit<  tthoiildiT;  MialrM  ol'  |ioHl<-rlor  partH  i-nrli  willi  a  liliint 
Npliiti  or  tiilxTcli';  v<Milral  Map  narrow,  itM  Hiipportlnu  Mplni'ii 
Hloiit  and  thick  in  tliu  adult;  third  dornal  Mpino  Niiiall. 

rACMVNATIHTH.IMW. 

dii.  (illl  oponinR  with  only  ordinary  Hcalox  hidiinil  It;  no  iinhu-|{)'d  phiU'H 
or  Hi'iitcH;  vi-ntnil  (lap  Hcarcely  niovabh',  IIm  ■iirliK'tt  Healed;  lat- 
eral llnt>  idmolitto;  third  durMal  apino  Hiiiall  orwanllnK;  viTtical 
thiH  in  adult  nioro  or  Iohh  nnt;nhito  or  falcalp. 
/.  Chin    not  projootini;;   chuvkH  vIoHtdy  Hialod;   dorHal   Hpinna  3; 
Hcali'H  of  ])(mtvrlur  piirtit  unarmed  or  kt<«<l«d. 

Canthidrhmiii,  (WW. 
/.  Chin   mucli    pro,|c('tini;;    choi^k  with   3    to   0    narrow  purallid 
groflvcH;  dorHal  spinoa  2;  aoalca  of  ])oHtorlor  pnrtH  more  or 
loHH  keelud.  Xanthu-iitiiyh,  070. 

ce.  Toeth  even,  inciaor-like;  sralen  of  posterior  partH  more  or  U'm*  keeled;  a 
groove  before  eye,  enlarged  acuteH  behind  it;  lateral  line  oliaolete; 
third  doranl  apine  aiiiall  or  wanting ;  elieeka  entirely  acaled,  bnt  marked 
by  narrow  groovea ;  (>nlarged  nealea  prcHont  behind  gill  o|ieiilng;  ven- 
tral tlap  scarcely  iiiovuble,  ita  Hiirl'aee  acaletl;  vertical  Una  morn  orleaa 
nngulateil.  Mklichtiivh,  (171. 

667.  BALISTES  (ArttMli)  Liniiii'iiH. 


(TRKKIKIM'ISIIK.H.) 

l\a\i»ien  (AuTKni)  Linn^.tth,  8yHt.  Nat.,  Kd.  x,  327,  H.W  (vthtla). 

CiiliriKeui,  Rafinksqi^E,  Iniliee,  41,  1810  (eapriseu*). 

Vhalitmia,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hiat.  Claaan  Kiohen,  11,  325, 1830  {puleherrima) . 

I'apiitcu*,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hiat.  Claaa'n  Fisliea,  11, 326, 18.1U  {eaiirineuii,  after  Capriteui  of 

WlIXCOHBY). 

Htxly  coinpresHetl,  covered  with  thick,  rough  HcnleR  or  plates  of  moder- 
ate H\'/,o,  50  to  75  ill  a  lengthwise  series;  a  naked  groove  hefore  eye  b<>h)\v 
nostrils;  lateral  line  more  or  less  developed,  very  sleiidc^r,  iiiidiilat«>,  eoii- 
spiciKms  only  when  the  scales  are  dry,  extending  on  the  cheeks.  Pelvic 
Ihip  large,  movable,  Biipported  by  a  series  of  slender,  pungent  spines. 
Caudal  peduncle  compressed,  its  scales  unarmed,  without  spines  or  diller- 
I'litiated  tubercles  similar  to  those  on  rest  of  body.  Gill  opening  with 
enlarged  bony  scutes  Itehind  it;  cheeks  entirely  scal,v,  without  naked 
patches  or  grooves.  Both  Jaws  with  irregular,  incisor-like  tet^th,  usually 
I  DM  each  side  in  each  jaw.  First  dorsal  of  3  spines,  the  anterior  of  which 
is  much  the  largest,  the  seccmd  acti  as  a  trigger,  locking  the  first  when 
ciceted;  the  third  nearly  as  large  as  sec<md  and  remote  from  it;  second 
dorsal  and  anal  long,  similar  to  each  other,  in  the  adult  always  falcate  or 
lilainentoUH  in  frcmt;  caudal  fin  rounded,  with  the  outer  rays  mn<^h  pro- 
iliiccd  in  the  adult;  branchiostegals  6;  vertebra;  7  +  10.  Species  ratlier 
I'uw,  chiutly  American ;  some  of  them  straying  to  the  Old  World.     {/JdXXoj, 


.  \:  "'71' 


i  ■,   I    V-i 


t,..|        H 


1700 


Bulletin  ./7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1  'i-' 


';i-'    ,■  1 


'Wl  •::■ 


HK/ii  [III 


to  Hhoot;  halinta,  nil  iniitriiiiioiit  for  throwing  nrrowN,  in  nlliiHinn  tn  tli' 
tri|{u«r-lik)<  Hpiiin;  tlit^  wonl  iH  takt'ii  direi'tly  t'rnin  thnltnliiin  iiaiiio  7V«ci 
ItaliHlra,  (!I'oiih-Im>w  llHh.) 

("AI'HIMf't'M; 

a.  Liktornl  *  llni>  <'oiii|ilrto,  lieKlnniiiK  on  tlio  low<«r  pnrt  of  oh(>i^k,  thMX^A  ext^'nillii' 
ii|>wur<l  to  iM'liliiil  iiyi<,  tliitiM'i'  liiickwiinl  to  Imyonil  tIrMt.  ilorMul,  lliniirr  iilii  ii|ill\ 
ilowiiwar!  to  ahovii  iiuiil,  tlK'ti  iipwiinl  iiiiil  nt  ImmI.  Iiori/oiiliilly  liiM'k wiiril  on 
ntiiiliil  |ir<iliini'l«<,  tint  lliiii  in-*M-ywli«rt>  iiiik'Ii  iintliilalt'tl,  tint  IIiu'M  oT  tlm  two  mIiIi  . 
<'oiiiM'(;li'<l  liy  II  croitN  linn  nt  tint  nape;  ilomal  tin  l'alcat«t  ur  (lluniontoiiH;  ilorMal 
ra,VN  about  III,  27;  A.  Uft, 
b.  Hcali'Mi|iilt«tHniull,  nl>out7i>  to7Sln  it  liuiKlliwlHn  Hi>rl<^H;  ilorMitl  anil  mini  nniuiirki'ii 
or  marly  no.  imii.vi.kimm,  3114, 

hh,  Srnlt-H  iiiiNlitriiti',  In  nliont  OU  (TiO  to  (iro  in  uli'iiirtliwiNo  HerieH. 
e.  itiNly  with  I'uw  liiiix  H|ioliior  none. 

(/.  DorMal  aiiit  anal  Una  |)laiii  iliinky  ullvo;  mn\pn  M).    NAt'CRAninM,  'Jlt.S 

dd,  DorMAl  and  unal  with  olilii|ui<  dark   IhiikIh  of  IiIiiIhIi  Hpotit;  yoiiiit; 

i-loiiiloil,  anil  with  va^uo,  ilimky  blotrlii'M  at  liaHit  of  ilorHnI ;  HraliN 

ullOIlt  60,  C-AUdUNKNHIH,  21in. 

ee.  li<Mly  rovitreil  with  roiimliNh  lilno-black  H]Mit«;  ilorHHl  niiil  anal  Himilarly 

Npottud.  roKcii'A'rus,  2117. 

Dalihtkb  : 

aa.  Lateral  lino  incompleto,  iiNunlly  ilcvnlopod  only  on  head,  napn,  and  caudal  pi'dunrli' , 

cheek  with  2  broatl  riirvrd  bliiit  liandH;  Hniallitr  baniU  rndiatliiK  from  oyo;  domal 

111  adult  with  till)  anterior  ruya  lllaincntoiiH.    D.  Ill,  28  or  20;  A.  zn  to  27;  Hrnli'x 

flO  to  o:i;  dornnl  and  anal  with  oblliiuo  blulHh  bnndH;  U7  Noalea  l)etwei>ii  oricin  nl 

doraal  and  vent.  vktula,  21  1h 

Subgenua  CAPRISCUS,  Unfinoaqiie. 

8114.  IIALIHTKN  POLYLKPIN,  Steindaclinnr. 

(I'BZ   ITEKCO.) 

Head  3i^  to  3* ;  dopthlj;  flnont  lMi»  lieail ;  eyo5inliead.  D.  Ill,  27;  A. 
25or2(S;  scaloH  70  to  75.  ('andal  pndniM'Ie  iinariiiod.  Upper  proHlo  mod- 
erately elevated.  Eight  t«etli  in  each  Jaw ;  a  groii]»  of  largo  plates  hehind 
gill  opening;  a  groove  below  the  nostril.  Dorsal  and  anal  much  eleviiteii 
in  front,  the  longest  rays  ahont  as  long  as  hoi  i  in  the  adnlt;  caudal  con 
cave,  with  its  angles  much  produ<-ed;  pectonil  short;  lateral  line  exactly 
as  in  JinliHtes  varolinenaia.  Color  brown,  a  half  ring  at  the  corner  of  tlin 
month;  diffuse  blue  spots  on  nape  and  about  spinous  dorsal;  vertical  tins 
nearly  plain  olivaceous.  Lower  California  to  Panama,  generally  coininon ; 
a  large  species,  reaching  a  length  of  2  feet.     (TfoAti?,  many;  \f.7tii,  scale.) 

Italittei  polytfpU,  Steindachner,  Ichtli.  Deitr.,  v,  21,  1870,  Magdalena  Bay;   Mazatlan; 
Acapulco. 

8116.  BALISTKS  NAUFKAOIUM,  Jordan  .«.  St arVo. 

(PE7.  PlTBRCO  I>B  LAS  PlEDRAB.) 

Head  3;  depth  1;>.  D.  Ill,  27;  A.  24;  scales  50, 12  rows  on  cheek ;  snout 
li  in  head;  eye  5;  first  dorsal  spine  Ijl;  longest  ray  U ;  longest  anal  ray  K ; 
upper  caudal  lobe  li^;  pectoral  2^.    Body  very  plump,  not  strongly  coin- 


*  The  lateral  lino  iii  these  fishes  is  usually  not  noticeable  unless  the  scales  are  dry. 


Jordan  and  Evtrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Amcriax.     1701 


|trt>HM««l;  no  N|>iiiiiluii  on  t'liiiiliil  pt'dnnrln;  »  tew  lar>;ur  hcuIoh  hnhintl  ((ill 
oponiuxa;  ((loovu  liel'oro  o.vo  Hli^^ht,  not  nuktHl.  Liit«rul  lino  trui'«ti(l»l«t  lor 
iiiost  of  itH  lon^tli.  I'li'Ht  tloi'Miil  H|)ino  very  Htoitt,  tlie  Miinl  lunioto,  inoil- 
ci'iitu;  (luiHiil  niotleratoly  oluviitnti  und  rulcuto;  anul  runn<l«Ml;  niutliil 
I'.iiiiltle  funi-uvo,  tint  pointotl  iintor  ruyn  lon^ur  tlmn  tliu  ronndod  inner 
iiiioit.  Park  dull  oliv««K''*'**'">  »(*<^rly  pluin,  od^uHotNraloH  lur^oly  |iiilo  Iduo, 
oNpuciulljr  toward  tint  tail;  taint  tnicoH  of  nnnn^ro'mdark  cfohh  bandH;  no 
MtroakH  on  rluHtkii;  thiH  diiHky  oliv««,  tli*<  jtcitoral  and  tlr^t  dornal  palur, 
hartu  of  ]>o<-toral  dnnky.  Hov«>ral  spiMiMienN,  oarli  about  ii  toot  loii|;,  went 
tiikon  front  th»  wr»fk  of  a  I'ruurli  man-of-war  iu  tlio  AHtillt<r«>  at  Ma/i.t- 
Ian  by  nsin^  dynaniito.  Fonnd  in  ronipany  with  l'omavuntl,u»  iotiipevtU'f 
;tnd  Xtiurut  ^tUHctatHx.     (utiufranium,  a  Hliipwreck.) 

V,ali»li't  naif/raiii\im,.\om\KV  fi  .Stahkh,  FiHlicH  dI'  Siimloa,  In  I'roc.Cnl.  Ac.  Srt.  IHUfl, 4H8, 
Maxatlan.    (TyiMt,  No.  1050,  L.  8.  Jr.  Uiilv,  NtuH.    Coll.  llupkiuH  ExiHidltioii  toHiiialon.) 

Slid.  IIALINTKM  CAItOlilNKXNIN,  (imullti. 

(LKATIIKKJA'JKKT;   CUCUYO;    "  TlIKllOT.") 

Iloadai;  depth  1^  1).  111,27;  A.  25;  scalcB  UHnally  about  (iO  (r>5  to  08) ; 
al)()iit  35  HcalcB  in  an  obliipio  Hurien  from  vent  ii|>ward  and  forward.  Third 
ilorinal  Hpino  shorter  but  stouter  than  tint  Hucond  and  romotu  frinn  it ;  idatuH 
on  head  similar  to  thtmo  on  body;  caudal  lobvH  produced  in  adult;  Hoft 
iloraal  hi^h,  itH  longoHt  rayH  olevati'd  but  not  tilamentous,  in  atlult  1^  in 
iicad.  Ventral  flap  large,  aupported  by  Hevoral  slender  iningent  HpineH 
I'l-scnibling  tin  Hpinoa.  Lateral  line  very  Blonder,  nhowiiig  only  as  the 
HI  ales  begin  to  dry,  itH  eourBe  everywhere  undulating  and  very  eruoked; 
it  I'xtends  from  eye  backward  to  inturspai-e  between  dorsaln,  then  bendn 
alirnptly  and  obli(|uely  downward  to  opponito  tirHt  third  of  anal,  then 
loiiiiB  a  V-Bhaped  tigure,  returning  back  to  level  of  middle  of  <^audal 
pt'duncle,  whence  nearly  straight  to  base  of  caudal ;  a  branch  from  behind 
u\  e  extuuds  obliquely  downward  and  forward  to  the  breaHt  below  pecto- 
ralH ;  a  orosB  branch  at  the  nape  connectH  the  lateral  lines  of  the  two  sides. 
Color  iu  life,  olive  gray;  a  more  or  less  distinct  darker  cross  bar  un<ler 
rntnt  of  H«>cond  dorsal  and  1  under  last  ray;  some  small  violet  spots  on 
upper  iwrt  of  back;  usually  a  ring  of  blue  spots,  alternating  with  olive- 
;rrecn  streaks,  about  eye;  violaceous  marks  on  sides  of  Hnout;  first  dorsal 
spotted  an<l  clouded  with  bluish;  second  dorsal  pale  yellowish  with  clear 
sky-blue  spots  separated  by  olive-green  reticulations,  the  HpotH  arranged  in 
rows;  blue  markings  all  fading  in  alcohol,  leaving  the  olivaceous  streaks; 
liatie  of  dorsal  with  3  or  i  dark  difl'nse  shades  in  the  young;  base  of  pecto- 
ral bluish,  with  olive  spots;  anal  colored  like  soft  dorsal;  jtectoral  green- 
ish. Tropical  parts  of  the  Atlantic;  occasional  northward  in  the  Qulf 
Stream ;  very  common  on  our  coast  and  iu  the  Mcditcrraueau,  rarely  uorth 
to  England.     (Eu.) 

Ualistet  earolinenHt,  Omblin,  Syst.  Nat.,  1, 1468,  1788,  Carolina. 

Hali$te$  capriieiis,  Gmeun,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  1471,  1788,  Indian  and  American  Oceans,  alter 

Gbonow;  GUntheb,  Cat.,  vin,  217, 1870j  Jokdan  &  Gilbekt,  Synopsis,  855, 1883. 
Jialittea  bvniva,  LAcgpivUE,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  i,  1798,  Nice ;  on  a  specimen  received  from 

Profeasor  Buuiva. 


■«•  H 


!  '■! 


'    1) 


f  ■-■'!.■■]    ■■■' 


1702  nuUctin  //,  United  Spates  National  Museum. 


Halintea  eaprimu,  YALUNCiB.NNbH,  Iclith.  lies  Cnnariea,  94,  pi.  16,  1830,  Canaries. 
Iiali»te»  fnlioinom*,  I)K  Kay,  N.  Y.  Fauna:  Fislies,  339,  pi.  67,  «g.  188, 1842,  New  YorV. 
JittlUtet  Iceitiojiterua,  I'oey,  MomorioB,  ii,  326,  1801,  Havana;  adult. 

2117.  BALI8TEN  FOBCIPATCS,  Omelin. 

Head  3;  depth  2i  iu  adult.  D.  Ill,  26  to  28;  A.  25  to  27;  scales  «C;  ejo 
•^,1  iu  houd;  Biiout  3i.  G«*neial  form  of  Balitttes  caprinma.  First  (lorsal 
spine  stout,  rough  anteriorly;  third  spine  SRmll,  inserted  well  behind 
Hecond;  soft  dorsal  with  ^be  third,  fourth,  and  tifth  rays  much  elevatetl, 
considerably  longer  than  head,  in  males  at  least;  anal  rounded,  its  ante- 
rior rays  not  elevated;  caudal  double  concave,  its  upper  rays  produced 
in  a  short  acute  lobe.  Four  scapular  plates— 2  large,  2  small.  Golden 
brown  uibove,  yellowish  below;  sides  of  head  with  many  greouish-bluo 
spots,  oblong  in  form;  a  streak  of  similar  color  across  snout;  sides  of  body 
with  blue-black  spots  larger  than  those  on  head ;  larger  on  lower  parts 
but  most  distinct  on  back ;  most  of  these  with  a  pale  ring  or  ocellus ;  soft 
dorsal  with  similar  spots,  smaller  and  more  ocellate;  anal  with  smalhr 
spots  closer  together;  caudal  unspotted;  base  of  pectoral  blotched  with 
black.  Lateral  line  evident.  (Steindachner.)  West  coast  of  Africa  and 
the  neighboring  islands,  apparently  straying  to  America,  if  Baliaies  mori- 
hundua  and  lialiatea  powelli  are  the  same,  as  seems  probable.  (Jorcipatns. 
having  fo/ceps,  from  the  form  of  the  tail.) 

Stipviseh,  WlLLUOHBY,  Hist.   I'lsc,  Appendix,  I,  pi.  9,  f.  4,  1086,  High  Seas,  near  St. 

Vincent. 
Ouaperva  lata  foreipata,  Lister,  in  Willughby,  Hist,  rise.  Appendix,  21,  pi.  1,  22,  lG8ti, 

Brazil. 
Jialittes  foreipatuB,  Gmehn,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  1472,  1788,  Brazil;    after  OvMperva  lata  of 

Lister  ;  GCkthek,  Cat.,  viii,  216, 1870. 
JtalUtes punctattu,  Gmelin,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  1472,  1788;  after  Stipviieh  of  WiLLVimnw 
BalisteM  ap'totopterygiui,  WalbaOM,  Artodi  Piscium,  ill,  456,  1792,  Brazil ;  after  Guaperrn 

lata.  Lister. 
Balistea  guttatut,  Walbaum,  Artedi  Pise.,  in,  407,  1792,  St.  Vincent;  after  Stipvitch  of 

"T'lLLPOHBY. 

Batiste^  oiliat'Ui,  Blocii  &  Schneider,  Syst.  Iclith.,  471, 1801,  Brazil ;  after  Lister. 

BalUtea  liberiensis,  Steindachner,  Icbtb.  Notizon,  iv,  9,  1867,  Monrovia  in  Liberia. 

?  Batistes  potvelli*  Cope,  Pron.  Ac.  Nat.  Sol.  Phila.  1870,  120,  Newport,  R.  I.  (youn;;ii 

JoRDAM  &.  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  855,  1883. 
BaVitft  moribundus,^  Coi'E,  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  1871,  479,  St.  Martins;  young. 


*  Baliites pow.lli,  Copk.  Head  3*  in  total  length;  depth  IJ.  D.  Ill,  26;  A.  22.  Form 
elevated,  profile  convex;  scaler  without  prominent  spines;  2  or  3  scapular  plates;  tii'Hl 
dorsal  spine  rugose,  1^  in  muzzle;  third  dorsal  spine  well  developed.  Ashy  above,  pnlo 
below;  sides  every  where  with  series  of  longitudinally  oval  azure  spots;  dorsal  and  anal 
fins  marked  with  smaller  blue  spots.  (Cope.)  Newport,  Rhode  Island :  a  doubtful  spo 
cies,  probaljly  the  young  of  Baltgtes  forcipatua ;  in  any  event  a  species  straying  from  the 
"West  Indies  in  the  Gulf  Stream.  The  shorter  anal  is  the  only  evident  character  by  wliidi 
powelli  could  be  distinguished  from /oreipattu.  (Named  for  its  discoverer,  Samuel  Powell, 
of  Newport.) 

t  The  following  is  a  description  of  the  type  of  Baliates  moribundus.  Cope  :  Head  'J ; : 
depth  li  ill  very  young;  eye  2  iu  snout  in  young.  D.  29;  A.  20:  scales  about  00.  Noni'  of 
tlu)  rays  produced  (in  the  young).  Caudal  regularly  convex,  probably  concave  witli  ii;;!'; 
iirst  dorsal  s]>ine  bristly  in  front;  third  spine  well  develo])ed,  much  Itehind  secoud ;  ]!el 
vie  bone  elongate,  8]>inous  behind,  its  posterior  part  movable,  its  tlap  with  ray-like  spiut'N : 
scapular  plates  about  4;  anterior  teeth  acuminate;  cheek  scales  iiumeroug,  rugose,  no 
naked  fissures;  anterior  profile  of  head  nearly  straight:  scales  rough,  their  outlines  in- 
distinct, each  with  2  rows  of  spinules,  several  hi  an  anterior  curved  row,  and  2  in  a 
posterior  row ;  no  spines  on  caudal  peduncle;  lateral  line  not  evident  in  the  type,  prol) 
ably  appearing  with  age.    Color  br')wn,  with  many  small,  pale-blue  epota  all  over  BJtfcs  of 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1703 


,  (younv:i ; 


Subgenus  BALISTES. 

2118.  ItALISTKS  VETIILA,  Lliiiin'n», 

(Old  Wife;  Old  Wkn(;iij  (.'(tciiiNo.) 

Head  3;  depth  Ij^.  D.  Ill,  29;  A.  27;  Bcales  03.  Lateral  line  placed  as 
ill  Balistea  carolinensia,  but  tho  median  ])art,  from  base  of  Irst  dorsai  to 
IVont  of  caudal  peduncle  Avituting  in  tlui  adult,  brani^b  on  clioek  ceasing 
opposite  gill  opening;  crosa  branch  present;  ventral  tlap  well  duvtdoped, 
with  slender,  nharp  Hpinos.  Si^ales  on  head  ninch  smaller  and  more  crowded 
than  thoue  on  body;  third  dorsal  spine  rather  shorter  and  weaker  than 
second,  remote  from  it;  caudal  fin  widely  forked,  the  lobes  iilamentoui 
and  about  equal;  dorsal  in  adult  iilamentous  at  tip;  anal  little  elevated 
anteriorly.  Two  curved,  str<»ngly  marked,  bluish,  dark-edged  bands  on 
the  side  of  the  head,  the  lower  from  the  angle  of  the  mouth  towurd  the 
throat,  the  upper  from  above  the  snout  to  the  root  of  the  pectoral ;  th<) 
color  pevHistent  in  alcohol;  a  black,  light-edged  line,  similarly  curved 
below  tho  eye;  several  other  similar  lines  radiating  from  the  eye;  caudal 
I'm  margined  above  and  below  with  bluish,  and  with  an  intra-marginal 
bluish  band ;  dorsal  and  unal  fins  with  transverse  bluish  bands ;  young  with 
Home  irregular  oblique  black  lines  following  the  rows  of  scales.  Tropical 
parts  of  the  Atlantic.  This  species,  according  to  Day,  occurs  also  on  the 
coast  of  India,  but  the  Indian  form,  called  Balistes  vetula,  has  a  larger 
number  of  fin  rays.  Common  in  the  West  Indies ;  occasionally  northward 
ill  the  Gulf  Stream  as  far  as  Woods  Hole,  {retula,  an  old  woman;  a 
name  commonly  used  for  the  species  in  the  West  Indies,  aud^  like  vit[ja, 
its  Spanish  cognate,  also  applied  to  certain  Labroids.) 

Guaperva,  Marcqrave,  Hit«t.  Bran.,  1G3,  1G48,  Brazil. 

Tiinlu*  oexdo  radiato  (the  Old  Wife)  Catesby,  Hist.  Carol,  pi.  22, 1725,  Bahamas. 

Ilalistes  vetula,  Linn^us,  Syst.  Nat ,  Ed.  x,  329, 1758,  Ascension  Island;  after  Balistes 

vetula  of  OSBECK,  Iter  Chinenaie,  294,  1757;  GiJNTUEB,  Cat.,  viii,  215,  1870;   Jobpan 

&  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  855,  1883. 
Ilaliste*  belhu,  Walbaum,  Artedi  risciuiii,  ni,  467,  1792,  West  Indies,  after  Fboyeb. 
Chttliosma  velata,  Swainson,  Class' u  Fishes,  ii,  ;t25, 1839,  after  Vetula,-  ]>rol)ahly  a  misprint. 
Ualistet  equettris,  Gbonow,  Cat.  Fishes,  Ed.  Gray,  31,  1854,  American  Seas. 

668.  PACHYNATHUS,  Swainson. 


'  \\ 


■I:  "M 


f 


Ii: 


22.  Form 
.tes;  tirst 
L»ove,  pule 
I  and  anal 
btful  ppe- 
froiu  the 
by  wliiili 
IPowill, 

I  Head  'Jj; 

N  OUl'  ol 

I  with  an*'-, 
Tcond;  pel 
BiO  8piue«  • 
hiEOSC,  IK) 
Ufines  in- 
tnd  2  in  a 
^pe,  pvoli-, 
'  sides  ol 


I'achi^nafhus,  Swainson,  Class'n  Fishes,  ii,  326, 1839  (trianijularii—capistrattu) ;  not  Paehy- 
gnatha  uor  Paehygnathus,  both  tliese  names  earlier  used  for  genera  of  spiders. 

This  genus  differs  from  Balistea  in  the  rounded  outlines  of  the  vertical 
liiis  and  in  the  presence  of  spines  or  tubercles  on  the  scales  of  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  body.    Ventral  fiup  small,  somewhat  movable,  its  support- 


lu-ad  .and  body,  most  of  them  oblong,  most  distinct  posteriorly,  wanting  on  breast;  other 
spotH  distinct  on  sides  of  snout;  3  largo  black  biolches  at  base  of  second  dorsal  tin 
and  1  at  base  of  tirst,  the  latter  ditfnse,  vague  dark  bands  descending  from  these;  dor- 
!<al  and  anal  with  pale  spots,  none  on  caudal ;  base  of  pct^toral  dusky.  St.  Martins  Island, 
in  the  West  Indies;  known  from  1  very  young  example  obtained  by  Dr.  von  Kijersma; 
tlio  above  description  from  this  specimen  whicti  is  probably  the  young  of  Balistes  ford- 
fialus,  from  which  only  the  rounded  fins  distinguish  it;  this  evidently  a  character  of 
iinniatnrity.  We  are  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Edward  J.  Nolan  for  an  opportunity 
tu  examine  this  and  others  of  Professor  Cope's  types,    (moribundus,  causing  death.) 


f4 


1704         Bulletin  4-7 ^  United  States  National  Museum. 

iug  BpineM  short  and  very  thick;  luterul  line  reduced  to  a  trnce  at  Viws 
Hhonldor.  From  the  more  closely  allied  genas  Jiolistapiis,  to  which  most 
of  the  East  Indian  Balistoids  belong,  Pachynathm  ditFttra  chiefly  in  the 
presenco  of  the  prcocular  groove.  Species  rather  few;  all  of  tho  Pacilic 
Ocean;  1  ranging  to  our  coasts.  (TTtr^t^f,  thick;  yvdOo'^,  jaw,  hence  cor- 
rectly written  Pachygnathua,  u  name  preoocupied.) 


li'    'i 


2119.  PACIITNATHUS  t'APISTBATUS  (Shaw).     . 
(Fez  Pukkco.) 

Head  2)f ;  depth  2.  D.  HI,  30  or  31 ;  A.  27  or  28;  scales  51  to  64.  Body 
rather  oblong,  a  groove  before  the  eye.  Each  scale,  for  about  9  rows  on 
the  tail  and  posterior  part  of  sides,  with  a  small,  smooth,  inconspicuouH 
tubercle ;  aboat  34  scales  in  several  parallel  horizontal  streaks  in  front  of 
pectoral,  a  transverse  series  from  soft  dorsal  to  vent ;  a  few  bony  scntcH 
behind  the  gill  opening,  1  of  these  considerably  enlarged.  Lateral  lino 
obsolete,  reduced  to  a  slender  groove  on  a  few  scales  behind  eye.  Dorsal 
and  anal  tins  rather  low,  with  outlines  rouiuled  or  slightly  angular  in  front, 
the  first  rays  not  produced;  caudal  double  truncate,  the  angles  scarcely 
produced.  First  dorsal  spine  strong,  somewhat  roughened.  Ventral  flap 
small,  somewhat  mo\  able,  supported  by  a  few  short,  thick  spines.  Uniform 
blackish  brown;  a  yellowish  ring  from  middle  of  upper  lip  around  the 
lower  jaw;  a  straight  yellow  stripe  from  this  ring  toward  the  pectoral, 
not  reaching  the  gill  opening ;  this  sometimes  absent  or  indistinct.  Two 
types  of  coloration  seen  by  us.  Some  specimens,  probably  females, 
are  dull  olive  with  darker  clouds;  no  yellow  on  jjosterior  parts  Avhich  are 
scarcely  paler  behind;  fins  all  plain  olive  blaitkish;  streak  behind  moutli 
light  bluish,  very  faint,  soon  fading  after  death ;  lower  lip  blue,  then  golden, 
then  a  blue  ring,  then  yellow,  then  bluish ;  upper  lip  livid,  bluish  above. 
Other  specimens,  which  are  probably  males,  are  dark  olive  clouded  with 
darker;  posterior  half  of  body  deep  yellow  below  median  line;  tins  black- 
ish; first  dorsal  bright  olive  yellow  on  membranes;  green  on  caudal  mem- 
branes, the  rays  black;  anal  reddish;  streak  behind  mouth  bright  red  in 
one,  whitish  in  another;  upper  lip  livid  blue,  then  orange,  then  golden, 
then  livid,  blue,  or  purplish,  then  orange,  then  crimson,  then  dark.  Still 
other  specimens  have  whitish  marks  instead  of  red.  Pacific  Ocean ;  widely 
distributed  through  the  East  Indies  and  on  the  coast  of  China;  also  abun- 
dant on  the  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America  from  Magdalena  Bay  to  the 
Galapagos.  The  specimens  here  described  from  the  Venados  and  Croston 
islands  at  Mazatlan,  and  from  La  Paz  and  Chatham  Island.  Our  (male) 
specimens  agree  perfectly  with  Bleeker's  figure  drawn  from  East  Indian 
examples.     (oapi8tratu8,  bridled.) 

Le  Batiste  bride,  JukctPtDK,  Hist.  Nat.  Polss.,  i,  335, 1798;  on  a  drawing  by  Commebson; 

wiuhont  locality. 
BalMtet  capUtratut,  Shaw,  Gen'l  Zoiil.,  -•, 417, 1804;  aft«r  Laci&pj:de. 
Balisteu  amboinensis.  Gray,  Hardwiclce,  Illast.  Indian  ZooL,  1834,  Amboina. 


*The  sexual  organs  in  specimens  taken  at  Mazatlan  in  January  are  too  little  developed 
to  enable  us  to  recognize  the  distinctions. 


at  th(i 
1  most 
in  the 
I'acilii' 
i;e  cor- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1705 


naliitfn  viiiis,  Bknnktt,  I'roc.  Coiiiin.  Zojil.  Soc,  i,  1831,  IRO,  East  Indies  ;  (iONTiiEit,  Cat., 

VIII,  218, 1870. 
I'achynathvt  triangularin,  Swainbon,  Clnss'ii  riHlies,  ii,  :'>2G  1839,  Vizagapatam ;    aftor 

JU'SSELL,  pi.  20. 
Iiiilistes  hippe,  KicilABDSON,  Voy.  Sulphur,  FiHiitm,  127, 1843,  East  Indies. 
liuliiteg /renatus,  liiciiAitusuN,  {.  c,  129,  1843,  East  Indies;   Kleeker,  AiIuh  luil., pl.323, 

1862. 
iudUtei  tehmiltii,  Ulekkek,  Verli.  Bat.  (ien.,  xxiv,  37, 18ri2,  Sumatra. 


■OWH  on 
picuoua 
front  of 
y  scutes 
srul  lino 
Dorsal 
in  front, 
scarcely 
itral  11  lip 
Unilonu 
)un(l  the 
pectoral, 
ct.    Two 
females,' 
vhicli  are 
id  mouth 
m  golden, 
ih.  iibovf. 
ided  with 
Ins  hlack- 
idal  moni- 
Iht  red  in 
a  golden, 
•k.    Still 
;  widely 
Iso  abun- 
,y  to  th<; 
tl  Cr<^8ttiu 
iir  (niah) 
it  Indian 

JMMBBSON ; 


I  developi  >1 


669.  CANTHIDERMIS,  Swainson. 

(SOUACO.H.) 

('(inlhidermU,  SWAINSON,  Nat.  Hist.  ClaHs'n.  Aniui.,  11, 325, 1830  (angulosus—maovlatua). 

This  genus  differs  from  lialiaies  chiefly  in  having  the  gill  opening  sur- 
rounded by  ordinary  scales,  there  being  no  developed  bony  scutes  behind 
it.  Body  much  more  elongate  than  in  lialiates;  dorsal  8])in('S  3;  dorsal 
and  anal  elevated  in  front;  caudal  with  its  angles  acute;  scales  moderate, 
not  very  rough;  scales  of  caudal  peduncle  unarmed,  or  with  a  median 
spine;  cheeks  completely  scaled;  a  naked  groove  before  eye.  Species 
not  well  '■'■■  own,  inhabiting  both  Indies.  Giinther  places  all  except  C. 
(iureolu8  in  tho  synonymy  of  Canthidermia  mcciilatns.  The  variation  in 
»«(juamation  and  in  tho  number  of  fin  rays  shows  that  at  least  C.  aufflamen 
and  especially  C.  sobaco  are  distinct  from  C.  maculatua.  {ocHavOcx,  spinu; 
(^ep/iia,  skin.) 

(I.  Sciilc8  of  trunk  each  with  a  me«lian  spine  or  keel ;  eye  moderate,  4  in  snout  measured 
obliquely ;  tips  of  vertical  fins  moderately  produced ;  D.  Ill,  2C ;  A.  24. 

SOIIACO,  2120. 
ua.  Scales  of  trunk  without  median  spines  or  keel. 

b.  Dorsal  raj's  III,  27;  anal  r.ayt  25.    £ye  large,  3  in  snout,  measured  obliquely; 

tips  of  vertical  fins  much  produced;  adult  plain  brownish,  unspotted,  but 

sometimes  clouded  with  paler.  suffi.amen,  2121. 

6b.  Dorsal  rays  III,  22  to  24;  anal  19  to  2t;  scales  uot  very  rough;  adult  with 

more  or  less  of  blue  or  pale  spots.  MACi'LATUS,  2122. 

bbb.  Dorsal  rays  III,  20;  anal  rays  17;  lower  parts  spotted  with  white. 

WILLCQHUEII,  2123. 
2120.  t'A>'TIIIDEK.«IN  SOBACO,*  I'oey. 
(Sobaco.) 

Head  4  (in  total  with  caudal) ;  depth  2.  D.  Ill,  26;  A.  24.  lioc'.y  com- 
pressed; first  dorsal  spine  7;^  in  total  length;  hijihost  dorsal  ray  3^;  anal 


*  The  following  nominal  species  is  probably  tlio  young  of  Canthidermii  sobaco : 
Canthidennis  aiperrimus,  Copk. 

D.  26 ;  A.  24.  Orbit  large,  2^  in  muzzle,  4  in  head.  Pelvic  depth  IK,  humeral  2j^  times  in 
totiil  length;  anal  depth  2jt  times  intheHame.  The  scales  possess  a  convex  vertical  series 
of  short  acute  spines,  with  a  median  large  spine  directed  backward  from  middle  of  series, 
lis  anterior  margin  is  sharp,  and  its  anterior  base  supported  by  a  number  of  convergent 
ril)s.  Spines)  of  aorsal  scales  have  a  br.anch  scale  at  base  in  front.  The  cheek  scoles  are 
very  numerous  and  not  larger  than  those  of  body.  Dorsal  spine  strong,  stout,  with  4  rows 
of  spinules,  smooth  behina;  no  larger  caudal  spines;  caudal  flu  convex,  without  project- 
iiij;  angles;  profile  nearly  straight,  interrupted  by  the  convex  orbital  margin.  Color 
brown  above,  yellowish  below;  4  longitudinal  dark-brown  stripes  above  middle  of  side, 
wliich  break  into  spots  posteriorly ;  3  brown  spots  at  base  of  dorsal  fin;  belly  with  broad 
irrogular  dark  bands;  on  the  caudal  peduncle  avid  pelvic  region  similar  broau  bands  form 
;i  coarse  reticulated  pattern;  flns  brown-spotted.  Tvpe  3  inches  in  length.  Locality 
uncertain,  supposed  to  be  from  St.  Martins,  West  Indies,  or  from  Darien.  (Cope.)  it 
belongs  to  Division  I.  A.  of  the  genus  of  Hollnrd ;  that  is,  the  scapular  snuamation  similar 
to  that  of  the  sides,  and  the  third  dorsal  spine  well  developed ;  tlie  cheek  scales  not  sepa- 
rated by  naked  fissures.    (a»pernmti*,  most  rough.) 

3030 30 


1  -      .   ■  1.- 


Bi; 


slu. 


.■'■-iw-^-^t^il.^-* 


c  -I'  .i-  a'rwViiS  .  'fiM  ;■■  J 


1706         Bulletm  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

ray  3|;  oye  5^  in  head,  4  in  anoitt;  pecturul  uliort,  rotmded;  caudal  nu- 
Hiiilly  convox,  the  pointH  produced  aud  equal ;  first  dorsal  spine  over  base  ol' 
pectoral;  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  tip  of  pelvis  equal  to  greatest 
depth  of  body ;  dorsal  and  anal  falcate;  scales  granulated,  those  on  the 
pelvis  and  base  of  dorsal  and  anal  longer  than  broail;  thoHe  of  caud:il 
region  keeled  or  spinesccnt.  Dark  brown ;  vortical  fins  duaky ;  sexoH  si  m  i 
lar;  air  bladder  lar^e;  no  pyloric  caecum.  Length  2  feet.  West  Indies, 
rarely  north  in  the  Gulf  Stream  to  Woods  Tlolo,  Massat^husettH,  \vh»!re  J 
younj?  individuals,  ligreeing  essentially  with  Cope's  description  of  V. 
aapirrimua,  were  recently  obtained  by  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission.  {Sobacu, 
tho  Spanish  namt^  at  Havana.) 

Haltiteti  nobaeo,  Poey,  ^MoinoriaH,  ii,  ;)24,  1R01,  Havana. 

Balintes  anperrimus,  (Jope,  Tin:j».  Am.  Phil,  So(!.  1871,   478,  Huppoaud  to  bo  from  St 
Martins.  / 

2121.  CANTIilDKRMIS  SI'FFLAMKN  (Mitchill). 

(.SOBACO.) 

D.  Ill,  27;  A.  25.  Differs  from  Canthidernm  sobavo  in  the  larg(3_  oyo, 
which  is  3  in  the  oblique  length  of  suotit.  Points  of  dorsal  a  d  an:il 
longer,  that  of  dorsal  3  in  total  length;  produced  tips  of  caudal  xunger, 
reaching  beyond  the  convex  middle  of  fin.  Seales  of  trunk  without 
median  spine  or  keel.  Body  more  elongate.  Dorsal  and  pelvic  spines 
smoother  than  in  C.  aohaco;  scales  generally  loss  rough.  Plain  brownish; 
sexes  similar.  West  Indies;  our  specimens  from  Havana.  This  species 
and  the  preceding  are  referred  by  Giinther  to  the  synonymy  of  Canthi- 
dermiH  maculatua.  This  reference  soems  to  be  incoiTect.  Canthidernm 
macidatus  is  covered  with  round  white  spots;  its  vortical  lins  arc  higher 
than  in  C.  sufflamen,  and  the  number  of  fin  rays  is  much  less,  (eufflavuii, 
an  impediment;  referring  to  the  second  dorsal  spine,  which  prevents  th(^ 
depression  of  the  first.) 

Sobaco,  Parra,  Dif.  Piezas  Hist.  Nat.  Cuba,  17,  f.  1 3,  1787,  Havana. 

Baliites  tufflamen,  MrrcHiLL,  Tranii.  Lii.  and  Pbi)  Soo.  N.  Y.,  i,  1815, 467,  locality  unknown ; 

»ti<l  by  De  Kay  to  bo  from  the  South  Atlantic. 
Balistea  maerops,  Poey,  Mouiorius,  i(,  326,  1861,  Havana. 


2122.  CAMIilDERMIM  MACULATUS  (Blouh). 
(Ocean  Turbot.) 

Body  elongate.  D.  Ill,  24  (II,  according  to  Bloch,  who  overlooked  tlio 
third  spine;  III,  22,  according  to  Gronow);  A.  21  (19).  Dorsal  and  anal 
fins  short  and  high;  body  and  fins  with  round  blue  spots;  eye  small; 
scales  without  median  keel.  West  Indies.  (Bloch.)  Not  seen  by  us. 
The  description  of  Bloch  agrees  a]>parently  with  the  species  called  Balistes 
melanopteru8  by  Cope,  who  describes  a  specimen  from  *'Darieu,"  but 
whether  A:om  the  Colon  or  the  Panama  side  of  the  isthmus  is  not  stated ; 
probably  the  former.  If  wo  can  trust  descriptions,  this  species  (main- 
latii8=:melanoptcrH8)  is  closely  allied  to  the  oi.-;  here  called  Canthidermis 
aujjlamen,  differing  in  the  shorter  dorsal  and  anal  and  the  spotted  bo*I,\ . 


-■'-rl-ixr^^:^ 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1707 


iidal  iiu  - 
sr  base  nf 
greatest 
le  on  the 
)f  caudil 
BXOHsiini 
it  Iiulirs, 
I,  wh»iie  2 
ion  of  C. 
(Sobacu, 


1)0  from  SI 


I'oBsibly  Oiintber  Ih  ri^rbt  in  reforriug  8ufflanun,  macropx,  orulaUts,  uiul 
irlUuijhheu  to  tlio  synonymy  of  maoulaliia,  l>ut  in  tbat  cad««  tbn  variations 
Ml  color  untl  in  <in  ruya  must  bo  unnsnully  large,     {nuuulatua,  spotted.) 

Itnlutes  radii)  dortali-venfrali'iue  hnmilimn,  etc.,  (Ikonow,  Zoopliyl.,  102,  17<15,  American 

Ocean;  ilorsiil  rnyn  III,  22;    '  .  19;  belly  himiUoiI  witli  whiUi. 
naliKtenmaeiiliitii*,  |{i.(h;ii,  IcIilliyoluKiii,  I>l.  151,1780,  West  Indies  (IihhimIuu  a  specinii-n 

with  1).  II,  24 ;  A.  21 ;  Ixxly  itnd  Huh  spotted  with  blue) ;  GCntiie6,  Cnt.,  viii,  213, 1870 ; 

i::  piirt. 
l!(i[iiite»ainericamu,GMK\AS,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  1472,  1788,  America;  aftor  GnoNOW. 
lUilistes maeropteniH,  Walhaum,  Artodi  IMrc..,  mi,  4(!r>,  1792,  America;  alter  Gmipfow. 
:  llalUtenoculahu,"  iiiiAY,  Ilardwicke's  Illimt.  Iiid.  Zoiil.,  Fishes,  pi.  8,  tig.  1, 1832,  India 

(young);  figured  by  Ui.EKKKK,  with  white  spotM.    D.  Ill,  2^  ;  A.  21. 
Iktliiten  ru/im,  GnoNOW,  Cat.  Fislies,  Ed.  Gray,  30,  1854,  American  Ocean.    1).  Ill,  22; 

.  A.  19;  after  G   ondw. 
Uttlietei  longus,  Gronow,  Cat.  Fishes,  Ed.  Gray,  37,  1854,  American  Ocean.    I).  I'll,  24; 

A.  21  j  color  reddisli,  paler  below;  eye  inoderato, 
a, ili»te»  melaHopterus,i  Cope,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  1871,  478,  Darien. 
lUtliatetmaculatus,  Day,  Fishes  of  India,  688, 1878,*  iu  part. 


argc^-  oyb, 
[  a  d  auiil 
lal  monger, 
k  without 
Ivio  spines 
brownish ; 
his  8pecio.s 

of  Canthi- 
anthidermin 
are  higher 

{aafHamin, 
revents  th(^ 


ty  nnlcuoNvii; 


looked  the 

|l  and  an  ill 

Bye  small; 

len  by  iis. 

led  BalisteH 

Irieu,"  but 

lot  stated; 

pies  {mavn- 

inthidermis 

cted  botlv. 


2138.  CANTIIIDKRMIS  WILLIJGilBKII  (Lay  &.  Itennott). 

Hcad.SJ;  depth  2jt;  cy«  moderate,  about  4  in  snout.  D.  Ill,  20;  A.  17; 
scales  about  63.  Body  elongate,  covered  with  smoothish  scales,  those  on 
caudal  peduncle  not  keeled.  Third  dorsal  spine  small,  not  fjir  behind 
Hccond;  ventral  flap  as  in  Xanthichthya,  obstmre,  immovable,  scaled  over 
ill  adult.  Jaws  subequal.  Dorsal  and  anal  short  and  high,  tlie  longest 
dorsal  ray  3i  iu  body,  longer  than  base  of  fin.  Caudal  uu^sially  rounded, 
with  sharp  angles.  No  lateral  line.  Greenish,  with  round  bluish  spots 
from  size  of  pupil  nearly  to  size  of  eye,  on  body  and  bases  of  vertical  lins. 


*  The  following  is  Day's  do8«!ription  of  the  East  Indian  species,  Canthidtrmi*  oeulatus 
(( ira;, ),  to  whicii  he  give>i  the  name  Vantliidermis  mactilatut.  This  de8crii)tiou  apparently 
rolcrs  especially  to  Vnntliidennis  oeulatus,  but  it  includes  Atlantic  specimens,  ami  may  be 
t I'used  with  Canthidi'fmiit  siijllamen  : 

•B.  VI.  D.  Ill,  26  or  27;  P.  15;  A.  24  or  25;  C.  12;  scales  4  .  to  55 ;  L.  tr.  28;  length  of 
111  ail  31}  to  4,  of  caudal  fin  6^  to  7;  heighv  of  body  2}  to  3  in  total  length;  eve  2  to  2J 
diameters  from  end  of  suout  and  2  apart.  A  groove  iu  front  of  eye.  Teeth  uneven, 
iiiiIcIhhI.  First  dorsal  fin  commences  above  gill  opening,  its  anterior  spine  strong  and 
nearly  i  as  long  as  head;  ventral  8])ine  usually  movable;  posterior  edge  of  caudal  convex 
or  uiididated;  second  dorsal  and  anal  high  anteriorly,  especially  fn  adults.  Cheeks 
entirely  scale<\ ;  no  osseous  scutes  behind  gill  opening.  Scales  rough  .tnd  granulated,  but 
wiiliorit  spines  or  prominent  tubercles,  except  in  the  immature.  Itluisn  black;  youcg 
examples arecovered  with  numerous  light  blotches,  more  especially  in  lower  half  of  body, 
lliese  snots  are  less  numerous  and  larger  in  adults;  dorsal  spuie  black;  eyes  hazel.  Indian 
anil  Atlantic  Uceans,  more  especially  iu  their  tropical  and  .subtropical  portions;  also  the 
Paeitic,  and  occasionally  on  the  British  coast.  It  is  very  common  at  Madras,  attaining  at 
lea^t  16  inches  in  length." 

t  The  following  is  Cope's  description  of  Batistes  melanopterus  : 

liadii  2.  D.  24;  A.  21.  Diameter  of  orbit  twice  in  muzzle  and  teeth;  front  convex  in 
|initilo,  head  rather  acuminate;  anal  depth  2.66  times  in  same.  Length  of  head  (to 
bianchial  slit)  3.33  iu  same.  Anterior  rays  much  larger  than  posterior,  but  not  produced 
lieyond  membrane.  Extremity  of  caudal  fin  slightly  rounded.  First  spinous  dorsal  ray 
ns'long  as  from  orbit  to  rictus  oris,  rugose,  the  rug<e  almost  spinous  distally,  the  poiut.1 
,ill  directed  forward,  not  outward,  as  in  H.  aspernmus.  Third  spine  well  developed. 
Siales  with  3  rows  of  spines  on  posterior  and  4  on  anterior  part  of  body.  On  the  former 
1  anterior  is  prominent  and  directed  backward,  some  10  rows  being  most  marked;  they 
ilisappear  toward  other  parts  of  the  body,  and  the  rfmaller  spines  become  tubercles.  Thcs 
whole  surface  of  the  scale  is  covered  with  these,  and  the  radiating  ridges  which  converge 
tiivvards  them.  Scales  on  scapular  region  very  small.  I'elvic  plato  narrow,  without 
jiiint,  cheek  scales  in  transverse  series.  Post-pelvic  rays  indistinct  or  wanting.  Color 
lilacki.sli  above,  brown  below,  spotted  except  ou  head  and  anterior  part  of  back  with  ]»ale- 
bi'owu  spots  smaller  than  pupil;  unpaired  fins  uniform  black.    Durieu.    Length  4  inches. 


'•'  B  V 


1 


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t¥ 


I 


It 


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'I' 


i  I 


.  I 


1708         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Si/,0  liirgo.  East  IikUoh;  onco  (loiilttfnlly  recordoil  from  Ai'ivpiilco.  V»ir\ 
ii\ofiv>  to  CttnihidermiH  niuviilatiia,  if  roiilly  ditVoreiit.  IthiiHHtill  fowor  lin 
rays  if  the  figiiro  of  Itleolier  iind  tlio  duAcription  of  liay  «.V  Heiinett  ciin  hn 
trusted.  (Named  for  Francis  Willughhy,  the  learned  author  of  llistoriu 
Pisciuui,  in  16«6.) 

llaliHti*  willuijhheii,  Lay  it  IJknnkit,*  /oiildK.v  "f  lUiochoy'H  Voyuno,  08,  pi.  'Jl,  \\\i.  j 

18;i0,  Acapulco. 
}  Jlalintes  maculatuii,  Ulkkkkk,  AUiih  IihI.,  ]i1.  21M,  tlK.4, 1802,  East  Indies;  uulut'  J(u><  ii 

370.  XANTHICHTHYS,  Kaup. 

XanthiehthjMi  {K\vv)  Uiciiauuson,  Encyclo|>iHliii  Uritiujiiicit,  K«l.  xu,. 'till,  185(1  (cuniv*,! 
vicun) . 

Hody  oblong,  covered  with  nioderato-si/ed  HiiioothiHh  sitalos,  thoflo  on 
posterior  p.-irtof  body  usually  with  blunt  keels;  no  enlarged  scutes  bfhintl 
gill  o|iening;  no  lateral  line,  or  only  a  triK-e  at  the  shoulder;  a  groovo 
before  eye;  il  to  5  narrow  grooves  on  the  cheek.  Cuu<Iai  peduncle  deeper 
thau  broad;  dorsal  spines  comparatively  small,  2  only;  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  moderately  elevated,  the  tips  acute;  caudal  lunate;  mouth  small, 
placed  high,  the  teeth  as  in  lialiHtcH;  the  lower  jaw  mu«'h  projoctiiit;; 
voutral  daps  und«ivoloped,  immovable,  and  scah>d  ovt^r.  Cbielly  American  ; 
2  species  known;  allied  to  CanlhidenniH,  but  ditVering  in  several  reganis, 
especially  in  the  grooved  cheeks,  projecting  chin,  and  fewer  dorsal  spincH. 
{qayOdi,  yellow;  /V^t'?,  fish,  which  is  not  true  of  any  species;  possibly 
Xanthium,  the  cocklebnr;  I'xOvi,  fish,  was  intended.) 

*  The  following  is  the  lull  toxt  of  tlio  (Umrriptioii  of  Lay  &  Ueniiott: 
"  lial.  ohlongo-oualU,  infra  confortini  albido  giittatiiH;  squaniiH  lateralibUH  iioBticisnui' 
Hul>Hi>inoHiH;  pinniit  dursali  Hucunda  anuliquu  elevntiH,  trinngiUaribiis;  caiulali  trilolM. 
D.3,20;  P.  14;  V.  —  ;  A.  17;  C.  12,  Plato  xxi,  t\a.  2.  (hia/ierva  longa,  etc,  WiLU,  Iclitli. 
App.,  p.  21,  tab.  r,  20;  Kay,  Syn.  Pise,  p.  48.  Pricklo  or  longest  File-fisb,  Grew,  Uav.,  ji.  i  1:1, 
t.ib.  7.  Hab.  in  Oceano  PactHco,  propo  Acajnilco.  A  spocnncn  of  this  tM\  was  preHcrvcd 
by  Captain  Helcbcr,  K.  N.,  and  presented  by  liiin  to  tlio  Muhouiu  of  the  Zoolofjiial  SociLty. 
Its  form  is  more  olonuattid  than  is  usual  anioug  its  ooii^onerM,  its  hui^ht  being  less  I  linn  ^ 
of  its  total  Icnstli.  Its  surface,  as  in  other  spccios  of  7/aZt.vtt'«,  is  divided  into  compaLl- 
nii^nts,  of  wliicli  those  l)ehind  tlio  gill  openings  on  each  sido  are  not  evidently  larijcr  t  li;iii 
the  adjoining  ones,  their  distinction  in  this  part  being  very  faintly  marked ;  eacliof  tint 
<;oni)iartment8  posterior  to  the  fu^ctoral  tins,  excepting  those  of  thenack  and  belly,  is  I'lii- 
uished,  toward  its  anterior  part,  with  a  short  whitish,  somewhat  spinous,  tubercle,  dirccti':! 
backwards.  On  the  tail  tuese  tuliercles  form  9  rows,  bnt  none  of  tln^m  is  sutlicicntly 
strong  to  deserve  the  name  of  spines,  and  they  can  only  be  regarded  as  reprcseDt  in;:  t  Im 
strong  arnuiture  of  this  part  in  some  other  species.  The  total  length  is  11  inches,  of  whicli 
the  caudal  tin  occupies  2  inch  From  tlie  ti))  of  the  nose  to  the  anterior  part  of  tlio 
orbit  tho  distance  is  !«  inches;  the  diameter  of  the  orbit,  H  of  an  inch;  th(.  anterior  r.iy 
of  the  tirst  dorsal  tin,  1  inch  in  length,  is  ]>laced  1  ini^li  behind  tho  orbit;  lengtli  of  tlin 
lirst  dorsal,  1  inch ;  between  it  and  the  second  dorsal,  1.^  inches ;  length  of  second  doi'.s;il, 
2  inches,  that  of  its  fourth  ray  being  2J  inches ;  from  its  termination  to  tho  base  of  I  lui 
caiulal,  1}  inches ;  length  of  the  outer  ray  of  tho  caudal,  2  inches,  of  the  middle  ray.s,  1  •; ; 
from  the  base  of  the  caudal  to  tho  anal  tin,  IJ  inches;  base  of  tho  anal  tin,  1}  indies,  its 
fourth  ray  lieing  2  inches  in  length ;  hence  to  the  ventral,  Avhich  is  J  of  an  inch  in  leii^M  )i, 
II  inches.  The  pectoral  fins  aro  moderate,  1  inch  in  length  by  Jin  their  greatest  breadtli. 
'rlie  greatest  height  is  above  tho  ventral  fin;  it  is  here  3J  inches;  the  depth  acro.'<s  llio 
tail  is  1  inch.  Tho  only  distinct  mention  of  this  ilsh  which  we  have  met  is  contained  in 
the  works  of  Willughby,  liav,  and  (irew,  -whose  several  figures  anrl  descriptions  rest  ;ill 
apparently  on  a  single' specimen,  existing  in  their  time  In  the  Museum  of  the  Kiiyiil 
Society.  Of  the  identity  of  our  species  with  tiieirs  it  is  almost  impossible  to  entertain  a 
doubt.  TJio  synonyms  quoted  from  them  are  referred  by  Uloch  an(l  succeeding  writers  to 
the  lialittea  maculattis,  Bloch,  a  species  ditlt^ring  in  various  respects,  and  particularly  liy 
its  greater  comparative  breadth,  its  longer  dorsal  and  anal  fins,  and  the  larger  number  (if 
rays  in  those  fins."    (Lay  &.  Hennett.) 

f  Xanthiclithyn,  Kau)> :  Alarked  furrows  on  the  face ;  2  rays  in  the  first  dorsal ;  no  shield.-* 
behind  the  gill  opening;  1  species,  X  curastavieun.    (Ricliardson,  I.  c.) 


'ii   tail 


!s-..v,,,j»w^^--m;:.„v,k  '.■ 


Jordan  atid  Fvcrviauu, — Fishes  of  North  Amrrua.     1709 

(I.  Clio(*k  witli  ;i  ({roiivi'H;  HCiily  biiHal  )iart  <>l'  ilorHHl  tiiiil  iniiil  r*><l;  Hiili«M  with  illHdnrt 
litica  (if  piiritlixli  H))iitH.  itiNiiKNH,  'J124, 

aa.  Clii'dk  will)  n  imrrnw  j^roovrH;  Hciily  IuihiiI  |iiirt  nf  iIiu'hiiI  iiiiiI  iiiial  Muck;  hIiIch 
witliiiiit  tliHtinct  Htript'H  or  IIiivhdI'iIuIh;  hciiUh  nf  |>oHtt>rioi-  part  of  liotly  olmniruly 
tiiborculalv.  mknto, '.!ll!5. 


Bfjll  (OH»'(«.v«i( 


8124.  XANTIIiniTllYM  lUNOKAN  (laiiim  um). 

(COCUYO.) 

IToftrt  3;  (loptli  L'.  D,  II,  .31;  A.  28;  P.  11;  sraloH  :W.  n.tdy  ohlonj;,  its 
<lo])th  at  aiiiiH  ^  It'HH  iliaii  at  ])oIvij;  oyu  vory  high,  r>  in  head,  3  in  Hnoiit 
to  tipH  of  n])p«r  tenth ;  preoriihir  fnrrow  niodorate ;  lower  jaw  nmcli  huigor 
than  np]>or;  noonlargbtl  platoH  behind  gill  op«^ning;  chock  with  3  oidiqne 
naked  Btri]ieB  like  scara  from  gill  opening  to  chin ;  dorHa^  Hpinos  2,  the  first 
vory  large;  soft  dorsal  moderately  elevated,  itw  longest  ray  \  length  of 
haHe  of  fin;  anal  similar,  the  margin  little  concave;  caudal  lunate,  itH 
an^los  well  marked;  ventral  and  dorHul  spines  not  very  rough;  verticol 
ilianieter  of  scales  double  the  longitudinal;  median  tubercle  ])re.sont  only 
on  the  tail.  Color  clear  violet,  the  stripes  on  cheeks  violet  black;  body 
with  interrupted  longitudinal  lines  formed  of  a  large  violet  point  at 
each  intersection  of  scales;  lins  of  the  ground  color;  upper  and  lower 
liorders  of  caudal  violet  red,  the  posterior  edge  blood  red;  a  narrow  yel- 
low streak  along  front  of  other  fins;  scily  sheath  at  base  of  tins  red. 
West  Indies  and  southward;  recorded  from  Mauritius;  probably  widely 
distributed.     Length  10  inches,     (ringcna,  Huarling  or  showing  the  teeth.) 

UiilhteH  rinj/en*,  LiNN/KUH,  Sjst.  Nat.,  Ed.  X,  329,  1758,  no  lornlity;  Miis.  Adolpli.  Frid.,  1, 

U%.    D.III,2B;  A.20;  "liiteribuH  ciipitoH  tripliratcH;"  (ii'xrirKU,  Cut.,  vin,  221. 
Cuciijio,  Pakka,  Dif.  I'i«v/a«,  etc.,  Cuba,  1!»,  1787,  Havana;  after  Linn.kuh. 
liaUstet  eiiratfavicus,  tiMKMN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,   1472,   1788,  Curassavia  (Curasao) ;   after 

(IRONOW. 

Jiatitteinotatut,  GRONOW,  Cat.  Fishes,  Ed.  Grny, IIO,  1854,  both  Indies. 

lliiUstes nitidvt,  (liioNow,  ('at.  Fislios,  Ed.(iray, 30,  1854,  American  Ocean. 

lialiiteii  lineo-punctatii»,  Hoixaud,  Aiiu.  Sci.  Nat.  1854,  4th  SericB,  Vol.  1,  05,  Bourbon 

Mand. 
Utili.iteg  cicatricottis,  I'oey,  Moinorias,  u,  327,  1801,  Cuba. 
Ilalistei  heckeli*  J.  W.  von  MCllkii,  Ueiseii  in  >'^ereinif!ten  Staaten,  Canada  und  Mexico, 

1, 182, 1804,  Mexico. 
Xanthichthys  eieatricosus,  Poey,  SynopHii*,  435, 1808. 

*  Jlalistes  heckeli,  A-on  Miiller,  is  anparontly  a  species  of  Xanthichthyi,  and  is  probably 
iilcnticnl  with  A',  ringent.    Tlie  original  description  is  very  imperfect  and  reads  as  follows : 

"Der  zwoite  Fiscli  gehort  deni  (jenus  liaUsten  an,  dessun  Cluiraktero  in  Folgendcni 
licstclion:  Acht  Ziilnio  in  jcdcr  Kiunlado,  zwei  Kiickeutlossun,  von  welchen  die  erste  nus 
ciii  Oder  zwei  hdruerartigon  Stacheln  bosteht,  die  sie  in  eiut;  Kinno  aiif  deni  Kiipfe  niodcr- 
lt';;i'ii  kiinnen,  die  zwcito  abcr  woich  ist  und  iibor  der  Afterilosse  stelit;  die  liauchflossen 
I'chlon  und  sind  diircb  ein  iihnliches  Horn  wie  das  anf  deni  Klickon  orsetzt. 

"Die  yegenwiirtijje  spocies,  welclie  icb  ebeufalls  n'it  Striin^ea  von  Fucna  pyri/eruii 
aiiDischte,  ist  nrachtvoll  ultraniarinblau  auf  dent  Kiicken,  wehdies  nacb  der  I'nteraeite  in 
Wci.ss  iiberjtj'iit;  anf  der  Oberseito  niit  nelbrotlien,  nacli  dcin  Banche  blassziegelroth 
wtM'den  den  Flecken ;  st'inimtliche  Flosscn  undSchwan/.  lebliaft  zief^elrotb;  die  wach  vorn 
iiiit  starkcn  Siigeziihnen  versehencn  Horner  dunkel  Kraublao;  das  Auuo  feurig  rostbrann, 
vii'd  lebhaft  und  intelligent  bin-  und  herbewegt.  Brust-  und  Afti>rn<>sBen  befinden  sich 
bci  dicseni  Fiscb  in  einer  fortwiihrend  auserordentlich  raschen,  zitterend  Bewegung.  Ich 
liabu  die  Species  nieinen  beriihniten,  zu  friih  dabin  gescliledenen  Freundo  ilcckol  zu 
lOliren  Halistes  heckelii  genaunt." 

(J.  W.  von  Miiller,  Keiaen  in  den  Yereinigteu  Staaten,  Canada  und  Meuco,  i,  182, 183, 
1864.) 


1  I. 


'      i  "i 


'I     -\[- 


f 


6f  '.: 


i!fe;- 


f'" 


1710  FiuUefm  47 ^  Untied  States  National  Museum. 


iVHu  XANTIIiniTIIVS  NKXTO  (.rorilim  \  (iillmrt). 

\\m<\  3i;  aopth  2)i.  D.  II-I,  2J»;  A.  I.  2»J;  HonleH  37,  23  in  an  ol>lif|ii(, 
8ori«>8  iipwuril  aiul  forward  from  fVniit  of  niiiil.  liudy  oblong,  elliptim I, 
Hliglitly  lioiivieHt  forward;  doraul  and  vontriil  uutlinos  Biiiiiliir,  iiuitlicr 
much  aroliod ;  body  not  atrongly  couipreasod,  ita  greutust  thiitknesH  a  littli> 
lesH  than  \  its  groatnat  dopth;  month  vt^ry  aniall,  t<>rn)innl,  higbnr  up 
than  usual,  nearly  in  lino  of  axia  of  body,  the  chin  protruding  boyonil  il ; 
widtli  of  mouth  from  angle  to  angle  about  equal  to  diamntia'  of  ryo. 
L(»wt'r  Jaw  the  longer,  its  teeth  atightly  directed  backward;  upper  Jaw 
Avith  its  teeth  directed  alightly  forward,  shutting  outside  of  the  Iowim' 
teeth.  Teeth  pale  browniah,  aonicwhat  une(iual;  lower  teeth  wed;;^. 
ahaprd,  brondeat  and  nearly  trnnrato  at  tip;  teeth  of  upper  jaw  obliqut-ly 
truncate,  slightly  emarginate,  the  outer  angle  pointed  and  jtrojeotin;; ; 
about  8  teeth  in  outer  row ;  the  mouth  so  closely  abut  that  the  iiin<>r  row- 
can  not  be  seen;  eye  small,  high,  and  well  back,  ita  diameter  containtil 
nearly  twice  ii<  interorbital  width.  3  in  snout ;  a  groove  in  front  of  eye  below 
noatrila,  about  as  long  aa  diameter  of  eye ;  5  narrow  grooves  on  cheek  below 
eye,  extending  from  near  movtth  backward  toward  baae  of  pectoral. 
Height  of  gill  opening  slightly  greater  than  diameter  of  eye,  its  lower 
edge  oiiposite  middle  of  pectoral.  Hcales  of  body  comparatively  snjull, 
not  very  rough;  scales  of  belly  somewhat  reduced  in  size,  arranged  in 
oblique  series  running  downward  and  backward  from  pectoral  region, 
these  forming  a  contrast  in  direction  with  scales  of  aidea;  scales  on  caudal 
peduncle  without  keel  or  spines,  similar  to  those  on  rest  of  body;  b(  alfs 
on  posterior  portion  of  sides  slightly  cariuate,  forming  low  ridges  alon<r 
rows  of  scales.  Gill  opening  surrounded  by  small  scales  and  without 
larger  plates.  Firat  dorsal  spine  very  robuat,  placed  somewhat  behind 
eye,  its  height  a  little  more  than  twice  diameter  of  eye,  the  deep  dorHiil 
groove  aa  long  as  spine;  second  spine  ahmt  and  slender,  its  length  about 
equal  to  diameter  of  eye;  third  <lor8al  spine  wholly  wanting;  soft  doisal 
rather  high,  its  longest  rays  more  than  i  length  of  base  of  iin,  Ijf  in 
head;  anal  similar,  its  base  a  little  shorter,  a  few  series  of  small  scales 
covering  base  of  each  iin;  caudal  moderate,  lunate,  its  depth  from  tip  to 
tip  more  than  its  length,  and  1^  times  in  length  of  head.  Caudal  pednnclo 
subterete,  deeper  than  broad;  ventral  spine  alightly  movable;  pectoral 
short,  rounded,  less  than  \  length  (tf  head.  Coloration  in  spjrita,  dark 
olive  above,  rather  pale  below,  the  skin  between  scales  somewhat  darker; 
scaly  basal  part  of  dorsal  and  anal  abruptly  black ;  membrane  of  these 
fms  yellowish,  the  tips  dusky;  scaly  base  of  caudal  dark  brown,  tlie 
medial  part  lighter  brownish ;  a  lunate  band  at  tip  yellowish;  pectorals 
olivaceous.  Rocky  Islands  off  the  west  coast  of  Mexico,  not  common; 
close  to  Xanthichthya  ringens.    Length  1  foot,     (mento,  having  a  long  chin.) 

Baliiteg  mento,  Joruas   &-  (iUJiebt,  Phhi.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1881,  228,  Clarion  Island, 
Revillagigedo  Group.    (Type,  Ku.  28387.    CoU.  Lieut.  U.  £.  Nichols.) 


#•■■;  -M 

JJ_  „ 

■|-| 

mm 

.:| 

m 

i 

PP 

'Il 

mtjki. 

I-— - 

Jordan  and  Evermann .  — lushes  of  Norih  A  me  pica .     1711 


671.  MBLICHTHYS,  HwuiiiHoii. 

Meliehthyn,  SWAINHON,  CIubr.  Aiiini.,  II,  3'jn,  IHIIO  {riniienn,  IlLfMii;  not  of  LinN/KUH). 
itilanirhthi/t,  GUntiiir,  Oat.,  vill,2'J7, 187(1;  ttornoitutl  H|H<lliiii{. 

ThJH  guniiH  ditVers  frimi  lUtlMfH  chit^lly  in  tin*  pruBonoo  of  a  Horios  of  evim, 
white,  iiiciaor-liko  tooth,  iuntuiul  of  thu  irregular  iuciHorH  of  Italititea.  Tko 
I  nil  is  iinurnied  or  th«*  hahIoh  slightly  Icoelod ;  a  groove  is  prt-aont  before  tho 
ryo  Itolow  the  noHtrils,  and  the  cheeks  are  wholly  scaled.  Tho  vertical 
tins  are  angulatod,  hut  n<»t  produced  in  lllanientH;  ventral  llajt  small, 
inuuovable,  and  covered  with  rough  scales.  Tropii-al  seas.  {fieXui,  black ; 
/'X^vi,  (Ish.) 

a.  I)<»rHul  H|iiiifH;t,  soft  rnyH  ;J4!  anitl  ra.VH  32.  picki'm, '.'120. 

aa.  Uumul  spiueH  2,  Hut't  rayH  :)2 ;  uiiitl  riiyH  2t>.  iimpiNum'H,  2127. 


8120.  MKLICIITIIYN  I>I('KI:m  (Pm^y). 

(Oalakatb;  Black  ULUwirB;  Calakaik.) 

Head  4  in  length  to  end  of  middle  of  rays  of  caudal.  D.  Ill,  .34 ;  A.  32; 
Hcalos  about  53;  eye  4  in  snout,  as  long  as  preocnlar  furrow ;  dorsal  spines 
;<;  raudal  truncate  with  its  points  produced  for  a  distance  i  length  of  lin. 
Blue  1)lack,  a  sky-blue  band  along  bases  of  dorsal  and  anal;  a  white  band 
.'ilung  posterior  edge  of  caudal  parallel  with  the  border.  (Poey.)  West 
Indies  and  southward;  not  very  common;  very  likely  i(l<!ntical  with  the 
East  Indian  species,  which  has  been  wrongly  identified  by  authors  as 
lialistea  bunii'ttf  ringens,  or  niger.  If  the  species  are  identical  the  i..-niA 
piccua  should  apparently  be  retained,  as  none  of  these  earlier  names  was 
iutended  for  this  fish,     (pioeua,  pitch-black.) 

ItnUstes  nigra,  O^heck,  Iter  GliinoiisiH, 205, 17'i7,  Ascension  Island;  pre-Llnuii>uu ;  c»Uo(1 
BalinteR  ringens  utter  Linn.«us  iii  litter  or  poat-Liuuwuu  cditiouH. 

Qalafate,  Pahra,  Dlf.  PiexiiH,  utc,  18, 1787,  Havana. 

/  Melichthyg  ringenii,  Ulekkek,  Atlas.  Ind.  Icbth.,  v,  108,  pi.  220,  fig.  1, 1802,  East  Indies; 
not  BalUtea  ringenii  Linn.«:it8. 

Italintfi pieeut,  Poey,  Proc.  A<^  Nat.  Sci.Phila.  1803, 180,  Cuba. 

?  /in;i.«(e«bunioa,  GUnthbu,  Cat.,  vni,  228, 1870;  not  of  LACi:;pftnE. 

/  HaU»teg  niger,  OUntubb,  Fishes  Zanzibar,  135,  pi.  19,  Ug.  1,1800,  not  of  iMuuko  I'ark  nur 
of  HoUard. 


2127.  MELICHTHTS  BISPIXOSUS,  Gilbert. 

Head  3!^ ;  depth  2.  D.  II,  32 ;  A.  29 ;  P.  15 ;  scales  52.  Lower  jaw  but  little 
protruding  in  open  mouth;  8  teeth  in  »!ach  jaw,  the  2  anterior  of  whieh 
arc*  broad  truncate  incisors  without  notch;  3  lateral  teeth  in  lower  jaw 
lonspicuously  notched,  tb«  anterior  angle  projecting;  in  the  upper  jaw 
the  posterior  tooth  is  truncate,  entire,  and  the  other  2  lateral  teeth  but 
Hlightly  notched;  teeth  in  lower  jaw  each  with  a  strong  horizontal  back- 
ward process ;  eye  5  in  snout;  length  of  anteorbital  groove  |  eye;  Avidth 
of  gill  slit  i  snout;  distance  from  end  of  dorsal  groove  to  soft  dorsal  2^  in 
Huont;  first  dorsal  spine  very  heavy,  its  tip  curved  backward,  its  length 
),  head,  the  front  and  sides  of  spine  rugose,  but  not  spinous,  the  ru- 
gosities coarser  in  front  and  above;  second  dorsal  spine  very  slender. 


i    '■'    t 


.;     f 


'1 

'%• 

■  »: 

it. 

-i 

'.'.1 

I- 

1 

h  ■ 

5;; 

I 


I   !■ 


1712         liulUdn  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

'i  height  of  (IrHt;  no  traco  of  h  third  apiiie,  th*<  iiiuinbrnno  oxteiulii)^' 
alinoHt  to  itoHtorlor  end  of  groove,  tlio  length  of  ita  base  iiboiit  }  HUout ; 
Huoond  dorHul  iind  anal  not  falcuto,  the  upper  outline  Htruight,  the  tins 
becoming  uniformly  lower  poHteriorly;  caudal  fin  alightly  convex  behind, 
the  tips  pr«)ducod  for  a  diatunco  about  equal  to  diameter  of  orbit;  platen 
very  rough,  with  Itrokeu  ridgea  radiating  from  Ihimo,  eaaentially  Himilnr 
in  ahapo  on  aidoa  of  body  and  hiuid,  ahowing  no  tendency  to  conleHc  < 
on  chcoivs;  8  raiucd  linca  formed  of  rough  median  creats  on  the  plat«'.s 
on  poaterior  part  of  aidoa,  the  croatH  not  bearing  diatinct  apinen;  Hovcral 
enlarged  platea  imyiediatoly  behind  the  opercle,  oaoh  with  centrall,\ 
radiating  lin(>H;  pelvic  apine  very  rough,  aa  well  aa  the  membrane  innno- 
diately  behind  it.  Color,  very  deep  cobalt  blue  in  life,  becoming  nni 
formly  black  in  apirita;  a  narrow  light  blue  line  along  baaes  of  dorsal  and 
anal,  becoming  white  in  siurita;  caudal  with  an  intramarginal  black  band, 
edged  poateriorly  with  a  very  naii-ow  white  line.  Very  abundant  iit 
Clarion  and  Socorro  islanda.     {hispinoBut,  having  2  apinea.) 

Meliehthj/s  bi»pino»uii,  (iiuiERT,  True.   U.  S.  Nut.   Mur.  1800,  125,  Clarion  and  Socorro 
islanda,  of  the  Kevillagigedo  Archipelago.    (Coll.  AlbatroHn.) 


Family  CLXX.  MONACANTHIDyE. 


*, 


^li 


(The  Film  Fihhes.) 

Body  much  comprcased,  covered  with  very  small  rough  scalea,  forming 
a  velvety  covering ;  malea  aometinies  with  apincs  on  the  caudal  peduncle. 
Upper  jaw  with  a  double  aeries  of  inciaor-llko  toeth,  6  in  the  outer,  and 
4  in  the  inner  seriea;  lower  jaw  with  6  similar  teeth  in  a  single  aeries; 
first  dorsal  with  a  ainglt;  strong  apino  and  generally  a  rudimentary  om- 
behind  it;  seeoud  dorsal  long,  similar  to  anal;  ventral  lina  reduced  to  a 
simple  osaoouH,  lixed  or  m«)vuble,  amall  appendage  at  tlie  end  of  the  luu}; 
pelvic  bone;  this  api>endage  often  Tudim(>ntary  or  entirely  absent;  no 
barbel;  vertebne  7+11  to  14=18  to  21.  Genera  6  or  more;  apociea  aliout 
50.  Herbivoroua  shore  flahi^a  of  warm  seas,  closely  allic<l  to  the  lialistUhi', 
differing  ehieHy  in  having  the  first  dorsal  represented  by  a  single  spines, 
behind  which  is  sometimes  a  rndiment;  scales  small,  spinigerous,  the  skin 
mostly  rough  velvety.  The  sjiecies  are  mostly  small  in  size  and  are  not 
uaed  as  food,  having  little  fieah  and  thai;  of  a  bitteriah  taste.  (Genus  Mon- 
acanthm  GUnther,  Cat.,  viii,  229-254, 1:^  "0). 

a.  Pubic  bone  with  a  small  spine  at  its  end;  gill  opening  Abort,  nearly  vertical;  dorHul 
and  anal  moderate,  each  of  less  than  40  rays. 
h.  Pelvic  spine  movable. 

c.  Dorsal  spine  not  barbed,  its  edge  merely  rough.  Cantiiertnes,  67..'. 

ce.  Dorsal  spine  armed  with  strong  retrorse  barbs,  usually  in  2  series. 

MONACANTHUS,  673. 

bb.  Pelvic  spine  fixed;  dorsal  spine  with  about  4  series  of  small  barbs. 

PSKUDOMONACANTHUS,  674. 

aa.  Pubic  bone  without  spine  at  its  end,  gill  opening  long,  oblique;  dorsal  and  anal 
long,  each  of  40  or  more  rays ;  dorsal  spine  without  barbs,  inserted  almve  th<> 
orbit.  Aluteba,  675. 


m 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1713 


and  Socorro 


07a.  CANTHERINES,  HwiiiiiHon. 

Canlherinft,  Swainson,  (InHn'ii  FUIioh,  It,  127, 1H30  {natiitim  —  inudmirhfuint) . 

I  Aeanthoilerma.  Aoahhi/.,  I'oIhh.  Ki>Hnilt>M,  Vol.  2,  2ril,  IH4;i  (orrt/c,  I'dhnII  ;  nuiiitt  |imocciiplt><l). 

I.wmnnacnnthvn,  Hi.kkkrii,  N«m1.  TyiUkr.  Dlork.,  HI,  11,  IWJfl  (pardaltB). 

Cii  nthorhinui,  (iiu.;  vorreihul  hiwIHiik- 

ThiH  ^t'nuH  (litVtMH  from  Moiiacanlhim  chietly  in  th)«  iibntMico  of  liiirbH  on 
I  III'  iloi'Hal  Hpiiie,  whicli  \h  htu^,  Htroii^,  uiul  pliici'tl  over  tli«>  front  of  tho 
lyi'.  SoiiloH  miiiut<>.  SiM'cics  I'rw.  {H(ivOui,»nH,nruntTolikv\ydHayOa, 
spiiH^;  fjiy,  Hnont.) 

fi.  UorHiil  I,  Sfi;  A.  Ml.  rui.i.rs,  2128. 

(la.  Dorsiil  I,U8i  A.  34.  rARoLvK,  21211. 

2I2H.  CAKTIIKniNKN  IM:I.I.I:n  (Uiui/.aiii). 

(LiJA  Color  ADA.) 

Depth  about  2.  I).  II,  35;  A.  31.  Hody  luodorately  olevated;  Riiont 
modunvtely  ])rod(i('od,  tho  upper  protlln  Hlightly  concnve;  poHterior  lunr- 
•;in  of  oye  directly  above  axil.  Adults  (12  inchoa  long)  with  2  to  6  pairs 
of  strong  recurved  spines  on  each  Hide  of  tail;  caudnl  short;  dorsal  spine 
nearly  straight,  rather  shorter  than  head,  without  barbs,  serrulate  in 
front,  situated  ab(»ve  front  of  eye;  skin  with  a  velvety  appoaraiice;  the 
Hcnles  minute,  ('oloration  variable,  generally  with  a  Avhitish  <4pot  behind 
the  last  dorsal  ray,  and  several  more  or  less  distinct  pal-j  longitudinal 
liands  along  tail;  head  with  undulated  bhuHh  streaks;  body  Hometimea 
with  scattered  round  light  spots,  each  with  a  dark  speck  in  the  center; 
young  sometimea  uniform  silvery;  color  probably  varying  with  surround- 
ings. RoacheH  a  weight  of  (i  pounds.  (Qilnther.)  AV est  Indies  and  coast 
of  Brazil,  occasionally  north  to  southern  Florida;  specimen**  from  Bahia 
examined  by  us,  brown  in  color,  without  markings.  Identitied  by  (Sliu- 
tlior  with  tho  widely  distributed  East  Indian  species,  Canther'.nes pardalia, 
perhaps  correctly,  but  the  color  seems  different,     {pullus,  dusky  gray.) 

Lija  eolorada,  Parra,  l)if.  Ple/.as,  etc.,  pi.  23,  1787,  Cuba. 

Monaeanthnii  2>ullv>i,  Uan/ani,  Nov.  Comm.  Act.  Sci.  Inst.  Uonon.,  v,  4,  pi.  1,  1842,  Brazil ; 

Jordan  &  Gilhkrt.  Synopsis,  858,  1883. 
Monaeanthttg  maeroeerua,  Hollard,  {.   c,  II,  327,  pi.  12,  fig.  1,  1854 ;  adult,  Bahia ;  bo4ly 

covered  with  rounded  spots,  size  of  eye. 
Mnnaeanthut  ruppelii,  Castelnau,  Anim.  Am.  Nonv.  Am6r.  Sud,  Toiss.,  97,  pi.  47,  fig.  2, 

1855,  Bahia;  D.  II,  35;  A.  30;  body  with  orange  spots. 
Monacanttiut  irroratttii,  Poey,  Meniorias,  ii,  330,  1861,  Cuba;  cheeks  with  oblique  orange 

streaks ;  body  with  longitadinni  brown  streaks  and  pale  spots. 
Mnnaeanthus  stratus,  Poj,T,  Momorias,  li,  329, 1861,  Cuba ;  6  spines  on  each  side  of  tail. 
Monacanthus  parraianns,  Poey,  ?roc.  Aj.  Nat.  Sci.  Phihi.  1863,  185.  Cuba ;  after  Lija 

Colorada  of  Parra  ;  4  spines  on  eaih  side  of  tail. 
Monacanthus  punctatus,  Poey,  Synopsis,  437,  1868,  Cuba ;  no  stripes  on  sides  of  cheek ; 

spots  on  body  yellow.  / 

}fonacanthus  pardalis,  GOnther,  Cat.,  viii,  230, 1870 ;  in  part,  probably  not  of  ROppkll. 


'*  > 


''  t ; 


2129.  CANTHKBINES  CAROLS,  Jordan  <fc  McGregor,  new  species. 

Head  3^;  depth  2.  D.  I,  38;  A.  34;  eye  5^.  Body  elliptical,  com- 
presHed ;  anterior  profile  somewhat  concave,  oblique ;  mouth  small ;  teeth 
largo,  white,  and  irregular;  gill  opening  somewhat  in  front  of  pectoral, 


"■1 


I' 


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m 


,1 


Si  ■ 


i  I'ili 


If: 


1714  Jhilhtni  47,  I ^nittd  States  National  Museum. 

itH  loiiKtli  i(j^  i'l  lioud ;  ilornal  N|ilno  vrry  Htuiit  iiiitl  Htrnlfiht,  ovorywIuMi 
roii^li,  iHit  without  «liHtiii(;t  Ititrim,  \\  In  liiiiil;  tluiHol  ruyn  2  in  hoiul;  aimi 
rny  2  in  Im^iuI;  rniidul  Hliort  iiiul  roiiii(l<«l,  Iq  in  lu>u<l ;  iintoriil  2J^  in  ht^id; 
pulvlr  liimo  with  viMitriil  itpinn  flriniy  iittuchcd,  tlio  liittcT-  with  about  Id 
riidlntitiK  Hpinuh'H;  vi-ntrul  tliip  littlo  iii-vulo)it>d;  t-uudul  pvdun'rh)  witli  I 
Hti'oMK.  hluutiHh  HpiuoH,  turu«Ml  forward  and  Hrrayud  in  2  pairH,  1  iihovi 
and  1  htilow  tho  niiddi*-  lino.  Color  dull  grayiHli  olivii;  hnad  tintdv 
Hpocklrd  with  darker;  tluM  all  paitt;  lipn  whitiHh.  iHlandH  otV  tho  wi-hi 
coaHt  of  Mnxiro;  I  Hp*'cim«-n  about  7  iiifheB  lon^  from  Clarion  iNlaiid. 
(Naniud  for  Mrn.  Cbarlotto  Mi-tiref^or,  niothor  of  Uirhard  C.  M<'(ireKor.) 

Cnntherini'i  eamln;  Jdkhan  .V  MrdKKonii  MS.,  Clarion  Uland.    ('ry|)«,  No.  liwn,  I,,  s 
Jr.  I'uiv.  Mm.    Coll.  It.  ('.  Mr<iri't{or.) 

673.  MONACANTHUS,  Cnvler. 

Stonaeanthim,  Cuvirr,  Itt'gno  Aiiliiml,  K<l.  t,  lfi2, 1817  (cliinfH$iii), 

Triehmlenna,  Swainhon,  CIuhm'ii  I'IhIm-n,  rlc.,  n,  :il!7,  IHMO  {uriipuH  -^UttlitttheHiuf,  Lac^lM^d««) 

Stfi>hani'lei>it,  On,i.,  I'roo.  Ac.  N«t.  8cl.  IMillii.  1H61,  7H  {Meti/er). 

Body  Hbort  and  doop,  very  strongly  coinprosHtMl,  covered  with  miuuto, 
rough  Bcales.  Mouth  very  Huiall;  upper  Jaw  with  a  double  BorieH  of 
iucisor-like  teeth,  usually  ti  in  the  outer  and  4  in  the  inner  serieH;  lower 
Jaw  with  about  6  inciHors  in  a  Hingle  Heries;  teeth  connivent,  une(|nal ; 
gill  opening  a  huuiH  ulit,  Hhorter  than  the  eye,  nearly  vortical  below  tli<' 
posterior  part  of  the  eye,  and  Jnst  in  front  of  upper  edge  of  pectoral. 
Dorsal  spine  Inigr,  armed  with  2  series  of  vetrorae  barbs,  and  no  con- 
spicuona  tilaiueuts;  second  dorsal  and  anal  lins  similar  to  each  other,  ol 
about  25  to  35  rays  each;  caudal  fin  moderate,  rounded;  pelvic  bone  with 
a  blunt,  movable  spine,  the  bono  oonnerted.  by  a  movable  flap  of  varying 
Hi/e;  side  of  tail  often  with  a  patdi  of  spines,  especially  in  the  uudt>H. 
Vertebral  7 -f  1 1  to  14  =  IS  to  21.  Species  very  numerous,  in  warm  scan, 
niostof  them  reaching  a  siuiill  Hi/c.  All  are  l*>an  tishes  witblcatliery  Hkin 
and  bitter  Hesb,  unsuiiM  fo-  food,     (juovoi,  one;  iXHurOa,  spine.) 

MUNACANTHUS : 

a.  Ventral  flnj)  In  tlio  niliilt  Rrontly  developed,  extending  mnoli  beyond  tbo  vontral 
spine;  adult  with  2  or  3  pnirH  of  rm'urvod  spineH  on  caudal  peduncle;  youii;^ 
without  thine  charaotufH,  aiinilAr  to  young  of  Utephanolepia. 
b.  D.  I,  30;  A.  30.    Color  very  variable.  oiliatus,  21:)(i. 

Stbphanolepis  ((TTdiftavot,  crown;  Acirt'f,  scale); 
aa.  Ventral  flap,  even  in  adnlt,  moderately  developed,  not  reaching  beyond  pelvic  spine . 
no  recurved    v'nes  on  caudal  peduncle. 
c.  Dorsal  and  i.  i.r  1  each  with  30  to  32  soft  rays. 

d.  Depih  n.orethan  )  length  of  bwly.  lUSPlDUS,  21.11. 

dd.  Depti  less  than  )  length  of  body.  8i'n.c)NOTUs,  213'J. 

cc.  Urrsal  and  anal  each  with  about  27  soft  rays.  oppositus,  2i;i:i. 

2180.  MUNOCANTHVN  CILIATVS  (Mitchill). 

(Leather  Fish;  Lija.) 

Head  3i;  depth  If;  young  1|.  D.  I,  30;  A.  30;  scales  very  small,  with- 
out median  crest.  Spines  becoming  longer  on  caudal  peduncle,  whicli 
has  in  addition  2  or  3  pairs  of  strong  spines  curved  forward,  these  prom- 


Jordan  aud  pArnnanti.  —  Fishes  of  North  Anwrim,     1715 


Ml*,  Lao^p(tdp) 


liK'tit  nnly  In  ndiiltn;  vcntriil  lliip  Iniificnr  thnn  IhmmI,  nhoiit  \  l«<nKtli  of 
Itoily.  Hnili^H  (III  ventral  Map  ilintOnpod  uh  flat  platiiH,  with  tht'ir  frno  niar- 
uinH  prrtinatH.  Siiuut  poiiitnl,  tlio  iippitr  prolll)'  ronrav««.  DoPHal  npin«> 
Htmng,  nuaily  iih  Ioii^;  hh  li«a<l,  iirnuMl  lit'liiinl  w  itii  2  rowH  of  retrorHn  ItarliN ; 
vcntnil  Npin<<  Hiiiall,  ron^li.  Color  varying;  vny  niiii']i  with  tlio  Nuri'oninl- 
iiiK^  of  th<>  tlHh,  from  tiiill  olivi>  ^ruy  to  tho  most  vivid  ^raHH  ^rcm;  thn 
iiiurklnuH  not  w*-ll  d«<lln«'d  and  not  very  t-onNtant;  t^ivfn,  with  wliit«<  cirri 
iin Hides;  a  wliitish  lon^itndiiial  floiid  Ixdilnd  pcctonilH;  a  pah*  htiiid  down- 
wind anil  forward  from  «\v«;  low<^r  Hiili-  of  tioad  with  darker  croNH  ItaiidH; 
dorHal  and  anal  jtinkiHli,  wltli  (iiNnally  3)  darker  Hpots  at  liaae;  vuntrul 
Map  «Ml({ed  with  srarlet;  oi'M.dal  Krot^ilHli,  niottl<Ml  with  darker  and  pale; 
Home  H]iurinieMHHliow  neither  red  nor  ^r«»n  HhiideH,  and  have  vaKin>,  diiHky, 
lonj^itudinal  rttripuN.  WeHt  IndieH  and  Florida;  vury  almndant  aliont  thi> 
rhirida  KeyH,  with  M,  hiapiduK.  The  yonn^  of  th«  2  very  miu'h  alike,  but 
eUialuH  in  alwayn  nioro  ulonjjate,  and  as  it  (^rowH  older  the  pelvie  llap  growH 
mueh  larger  and  the  annatnriMif  the  tail  more  distinct.  Leuxth  4  tu  8 
inches.     (Hliatua,  t't'mgeil  with  laHhes.) 

llalUtei  eiliutui,  MiTcnibL,  Anier.  Monthly  Miik.  aiitl  Crit.  Itev.,  Mnrcli,  1818,  :i20,  Bahama 

Straits. 
MonaeanthiiB  piraaea,  Knru,  Novura  I'MhcIiu,  390,  1807,  Rio  Janeiro. 
MonandnUiunoecidfutaliii,  (iONTHEU,  Cat.,  vni,  237,  1870,  Puerto  Cabello;  Jordan  Si.  (Wi,- 

HKUT,  SynopHiH,  8.'>0, 1HH3. 
Mimacanthut  danUhoni,"  Coi'K,  TrnnM.  Anier.  I'hll.  8o<\  IMilla.,  xiv,  1870,  470,  Florida  Reef; 

JoilOAN  A-  OlI.HEKT,  SyilO|)HiH,  H.'>7,  18H3. 

Monaennlhut  ot(ta(u«,  Jordan,  Trov.  U.  U.  Nat.  Muh,  1884, 146, 

21»1.  MONArAXTillM  IIINIMIMK  (LiiiniKiis). 
(Fool  Fibh;  P'ilk  Fish:  Lkatiiku  Fihh;  IIobny  Conyj  Lija.) 

Head  31;  depth  1}.  D.  I,  32;  A.  32.  YoniiK'  slightly  deeper  (1^)  pro- 
portionally than  adnlt.  Kody  rather  deep,  .laws  Hnbeqnal;  eyes  large, 
abont  3  in  snout,  (iill  opening  about  as  long  as  ej'e,  separated  from  the 
eve  by  an  interspace  nearly  o<|ual  to  its  length.  Anterior  jtroflle  slightly 
concave.  Dorsal  spine  somewhat  shorter  than  snout,  more  than  ^  head, 
inserted  above  posterior  part  of  eye,  stout,  rough,  armed  behind  with  2 
rows  of  retrorse  barbs;  first  ray  of  soft  dorsal  often  filamentous  in  the 
adult  (male?),  its  length  varying  from  that  of  snout  to  that  of  de])th  of  body 
(longest  among  specimens  seen  by  us  is  1  from  the  Canary  Islands);  pec- 
torals small.  Pelvic  bone  long,  ending  in  a  short,  blunt,  movable  s])ine, 
beyond  which  the  abdominal  Ihip  does  not  extend.  Scales  minute,  each 
with  a  crest  of  about  3  prickles,  those  on  caudal  peduncle  villous,  those  on 
ventral  Hap  larger,  elongate ;  no  naked  areas;  no  recurved  spines  on  tail, 
(irass  green  or  olive;  back  and  sides  with  faint,  irregular  whitish  spots; 
head  plain;  spinous  dorsal  and  caudal  green;  second  dorsal  and   anal 

*  Depth  2i.  D.  I,  30;  A.  28.  Scalen  with  3  scutcH  on  a  coninion  base;  long,  Hh>ndor, 
re(!urv('d  npineH  on  tail,  in  2  or  3  cluHtora  eiu-h ;  Hiilea  with  nlend^r  Hcutten-d  HlaniuntH. 
Dornal  apinu  with  HtronK  teuth,  itH  height  )  depth  of  body;  pelvic  plaits  oliinKato.  Hpinous 
nil  aronnd.  Brown,  with  5  lonKitiidinal  bandn  with  )ialu  centtM'ft,  the  ii]>|it'r  and  lower 
forming  3  dark  l>lot4;heH  at  buMO  of  durHal  and  anal ;  head  unspotted ;  caudal  with  u  brown 
cross  baud.    Florida  Keef.    (Cope.) 


r 


y 

t; 


Ki*f-..;ii'.'i.^i',^r^ 


i-:!  '>b.-i»t>^i'n£*<i, ■'•.-■/: ^^.-/^ 


iillll 


Hill'!'? 


1710         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


m 


1;./' 


translucent;  adult  less  variogatod ;  dull  olivaceous,  mottled  with  dusky. 
Length  10  inches.  Ciipe  Cod  to  (!ui)a,  ahundant  on  our  South  Atlantic; 
coast  and  the  Florida  Keys;  also  found  southward,  through  the  Wrst 
Indies  to  Brazil,  a  largo  specimen  from  Bahia  having  heen  examined  byuH. 
It  occurs  also  in  the  Canaries  and  Madeira.  This  species  has  hoen  identi- 
fied by  Gilntherwith  the  East  Indian  Bpe<'ios,  Monacanihtia  actifer,  Bennett 
(1830),  but  thab  species  seems  to  have  the  dorsal  spine  weaker,  rather  Ichh 
than  ^  head,     {hisptdm,  bristly.) 

Baliiteii  hUpidui,  LiNNiEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  xii,  405, 1766,  Carolina;  .Tordan,  Pror.  V.  S.  Nat . 

MuB.  1884, 145. 
Balistes  hroecus,  Mitchill,  Trans,  Lit.  and  Thil.  Son.,  I,  1815,  467  New  York. 
Monaeanthut  fllamentctiis,  Valenciknnes,  tics  CaiiarioH,  05,  1830,  Canaries;  adnlt. 
Monacanthu$  gallinula,  Valenciennes,  tloH  Canarien,  05, 1830,  Canaries;  young. 
SI(macanthu»  variun,  Ran/AN'I,  Nov.  Coinm.  Bonon.,  v,  G,  1842,  Brazil. 
Monacanthun  ma$iiaehusettenns,  Db  Kay,  N.  Y.  Fauna:  Fislies,  337,  pi.  57,  flg.  187,  1842, 

Massachusetts  Bay;  Stoker,  Fishes  Mass.,  174,1846. 
Monacanth%ig  seti/er,  De  Kay,  N.  Y.  Fnnna:  Fialios,  337,  pi.  50,  flg.  194,1842,  New  York 

Harbor;  probably  not  of  Hennett;  GI'ntiier,  C.it..  viii,  240, 1870,  in  part. 
Monaeanthus  dgnifer,  Stoker,  Synopsis  Fishes  N.  A. ,497, 1846,  Massachusetts;  substi 

tute  for  Metifer,  preoccupied. 
Monacanth'KS  auriga,  Lows,  I'roc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  1850, 253,  Madeira. 
Stephanolepia  leti/tr,  Gnx,  Oat.  Fishes  East  Coast  N.  A.,  78, 1861. 
Monacanthttt  broceus,  Joudan  &,  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  8.'>6, 1888. 


2132.  HONACA>'THl'S  SPIL0N0TU8,  Cope. 

Depth  2J^.  D.  I,  32;  A.  31;  scales  each  supporting  a  pedicle,  whoso 
summit  divides  into  4  or  5  radiating  spines.  Body  elongate,  outline  of 
front  straight;  dorsal  spine  long,  with  simple  teeth,  4|  in  length  of  body; 
dorsal  and  anal  fins  medially  elevated;  no  brush  or  spines  on  caudal 
peduncle.  Pelvic  shield  elongate,  spinous  all  around,  the  movable  portion 
present.  Light  brown;  si)me  longitudinal  lines  just  below  the  dorsal  fin, 
the  median  developing  a  dark  spot  below  middle  of  soft  dorsal.  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  (Cope.)  Not  seen  by  us.  Perhaps  the  young  of  M.  hispidns,  but 
moreelongate  than  any  specimens  seen  by  us.    ((?7rAo5,8pot;  v&to?, hack.) 

Monaeanthu*  spilonotus,  CoPE,  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  Phila.,   xiv,  1870,  47o,  Gulf  of 
Mexico  (CoU.  Capt.  Baker) ;  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  857,  1883. 


2188.  MONACANTHUS  OPPOSITUS,  Poey. 

Depth  about  \  of  total  length.  D.  I,  27;  A.  27;  P.  12.  Preanal  flap  not 
extending  beyond  pelvic  spine;  profile  of  h«'ad  not  concave;  dorsal  spine 
over  posterior  part  of  eye;  spine  snu>othish  in  front,  with  2  rows  of  barbs 
behind.  Ventral  spine  not  "etalee;"  anal  inserted  a  little  before  second 
dorsal;  dorsal  and  anal  highest  mesially.  Scales  on  tail  with  brush-like 
spines.  Color  yellowish  brown,  with  dark  points  forming  irregular,  inter- 
rupted longitudiuiil  streaks  on  sides.  Length  about  6  inches.  Cuba. 
(Poey.)  Not  seen  by  us.  Apparently  similar  to  Afonacanthtis  Impidits,  but 
the  fins  shorter,  (oppositua,  opposite,  from  the  position  of  the  dorsal  and 
anal.) 
MonaeanthiiB  oppodtut,  Poet,  Memorias,  ii,  331,  1861,  Havana. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1717 


674.  PSEUDOMONACANTHUS,  Hleekfr. 

I'teudomonacanthxin,  Blkkkbr,  Nodil.  Tydakr,  Diork.,  in,  1860,  Jl  {macrunii). 

This  geuu8  dilfers  i'roiii  Monaranthiia  chielly  in  having  tliu  ventral  8|>ino 
immovably  utachod  to  tho  pelvic  hone.  Th««  dorsal  Hpine  has  iiHiially 
:ibont  4  rowii  of  small  barbs,  the  anterior  edge  ao  well  as  the  posti  :ior 
liuing  armed.    Species  chieHy  East  Indian.     (^£i;5/)s,  false;  Munacanthut.) 

2184.  PHEUDONONACANTIIUS  AMPillOXYS  (Cope). 

Head  2f ;  depth  2.  D.  I,  35;  A.  30.  Eye  moderate,  3  in  snont  (in  yonng 
individual  2|  inches  long).  Scales  each  with  a  single  spine;  no  larger 
spim^B  or  brush  on  caudal  peduncle.  Dorsal  spine  strong,  inserted  over 
front  of  eye,  1^  in  b"ad,  its  anterior  face  with  2  rows  of  small  spinulos 
directed  downward,  and  a  single  median  series  directed  upward ;  near  the 
base  of  each  spine  of  lateral  series  is  a  short  branch  spine  directed  upward ; 
a  very  weak  series  of  spines  down  each  side  of  the  posterior  face.  Gill 
opening  slightly  oblique,  below  posterior  part  of  eye.  Pelvic  i)late  short, 
Nvithont  movable  portiou,  with  2  si)ines  din^cted  forward,  2  backward,  and 
3  on  each  side  upward;  ventral  Hap  inconspicuous.  Color  uniform  dull 
olive,  the  jelly  more  silvery;  caudal  peduncle  mottled  with  darker;  fins 
])laiu.  Known  from  2  young  spc^cimens  collected  at  St.  Martins  Island, 
West  Indies,  by  Dr.  Van  Kijgersma.  The  above  account  taken  from  one 
of  the  types  kindly  sent  us  bvDr.  Edward  J.  Nolan.  The  species  is  a  true 
I'xeudomonacanthuD.     {d/tiiln,  all  around;  d?i''5,  sharp.) 

Mmacanthua  amphioxyStCoPK,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  Phila.  1871,  477,  St.  Martins. 


675.  ALUTERA,  Cnvier. 

(File  Fisiiks.) 

Let  Alutdret,  CnviER,  R(>gno  Anim.,  Ed.  i,  153,  1817  {iitonoceros). 

Aluteia,  AoAssiz,  Spix,  Pise.  Brnsil.,  i;t7,  1829  (monoci-rox). 

( U'ralacanthus,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Phila.  1861,57  {aurantiacus). 

Muti-rei,  Alutariut,  etc.,  corrected  spoiling. 

ihbcckia,  Jordan  &  Evermann,  Check-List  Fialies,  424, 1898  {scripta). 

Bcdy  oblong  or  rather  elongate,  strongly  compressed,  covered  with 
iiiliiute,  rough  scales.  Mouth  and  teeth  essentially  as  in  Monacanthus,  but 
the  lower  jaw  more  projecting,  so  that  the  lower  teeth  are  directed 
obliquely  upward  and  backward.  Gill  opening  an  oblique  slit,  longer 
than  eye,  situated  below  and  in  advance  of  eye,  its  poste.ior  end  behind 
base  of  pectorals.  Pelvic  bono  long,  falcate,  movable  under  the  skin, 
without  spine  at  its  extremity.  Dorsal  spine  small,  inserted  over  the  eye, 
rough,  but  without  barbs ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  long,  each  of  36  to  50  rays ; 
caudal  fin  convex;  pectorals  small.  Species  numerous,  (a  privative, 
Xvrrjp,  a  deliverer;  or  (according  to  Dumeril)  a'Aotros,  unwashed, 
.sordid.) 

(!i:UATACANTHUH  (xepaf ,  horu ;  aKai<(ra,  spine) : 

a.  DtTsal  rays  I,  36. 

b.  Anal  rays  38;  coloration  nearly  uniform.  scHdoi'Fii,  2135. 


m.  ■ 


■■,>*'         .'S' 


li'       l!:ii 


1718         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

lib.  Anal  rays  38;  body  covered  witli  aiiiall,  round  dark-brown  npots. 

I'UNOTATA,  213»!. 

an.  Dorsal  rays  about  I,  46 ;  niial  rays  about  50. 
()hiik(;kiA:* 
c.  Caudal  tin  ulon^atc,  with  rounded  nuKles.    Coloration  not  uniform,  tho  head  and  botly 
with  irrei;ular  bluo  spots  and  lineti,  besides  small  round  black  spots;  upper  pro- 
file of  snout  concave.  SCRIPTA,  21:^7. 
Aluteha: 
cc.  Caudal  fin  sliort,  subtriincato,  vlthacu(«  anglos.    Coloration  uniform;  upper  pro 
file  of  snout  convex.                                                                        mu.nocerus,  2138. 

Subgenus  CERATACANTHUS,  Gill. 
21.15.  ALUTKKA   sriKKI'KIl  (\Valbaum). 

(FiLK  FiSH;  UlIANOE  FiLB  FiSH;  LiJA;  FoOL  FlSH.) 

Head  SJ  in  length;  depth  2  in  adult  to  2\  in  young.  D.  I,  36;  A.  3S. 
Body  growing  deeper  with  age,  the  outlines  u)ore  convex  in  the  adult 
Eye  small,  about  4  in  snout.  Gill  slit  nearly  twice  as  long  as  oyo,  its 
upper  posterior  edge  nearly  under  middle  of  eye.  Anterior  profile  very 
slightly  convex,  growing  steeper  with  age;  a  slight  depression  at  l)a.sti 
of  upper  jaw.  Pectoral  fins  scarcely  \  longer  than  eye;  dorsal  spins' 
slender  and  weak,  longer  in  the  young,  2  to  3  times  length  of  eye;  dorsal 
and  anal  fins  low;  caudal  very  long  in  young,  becoming  shorter  in  adult, 
its  angles  rounded.  Scales  minute,  shagreen-like,  unifor  >  iver  body. 
Coloration  nearly  uniform  dirty  olive  gray,  varying  to  or;i  •  igc  „  cxiuw,  often, 
especially  when  young,  mottled  above  with  darker  bluish  or  dull  orange; 
caudal  sometimes  dusky,  edged  with  white,  usually  dull  yellowish  in  the 
adult.  Length  24  inches.  Cape  Cod  to  Florida  and  Texas;  rather  fre- 
»iuent  on  sandy  shores,  especially  in  the  Carol inas.  A  large,  lank  fish,  of 
unattractive  form  and  useless  as  food.  (Named  for  Dr.  .Tohann  David 
Schopf,  an  excellent  botanist  and  an  acute  observer,  sent  as  a  surgeon  with 
the  Hessian  troops  on  Long  Island  in  the  war  of  the  American  Revolution.) 

Jialittcs  schae.pfii,  Walbau.M,  Artodi  I'iHciuni,  401,  17!)'J,  Long  Island;  after  SciKKi-K,  15oi- 

lin  Ges.  Naturf.,  vni,  186, 1788. 
Jialigteit  aurantiacus,  Mitchill,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil.  Soc.  N.  Y.,  i,  181.5,  468,  New  York  ; 

adult. 
Alutera  cuspieautla,  De  kay,  New  York  Fauna:  Fishes,  338,  1842,  New  York  ;  yonng. 
Ahiterus  holbrooki,  IIollakd,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  iv,  7, 1855,  North  America. 
Alutentg  cultrifrons,  Hollard,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  Ser.  4,  iv,  8,  pi.  l.fig. 2, 1855,  "New   ';  ik 

and  Bahia." 
Geratacanthus  aurantiacus,  Git.L,  Cat.  Fishes  East  Coast  N.  A.,  57, 1801. 


W     i 


2180.  AL1;TERA  PU>'<  TATA,  Agassiz. 
(Long  Minoo.) 

Head  to  upper  end  of  gill  opening  3^  in  length;  de])th  2^.  D.  1, 36;  A. 
35;  orbit  4^  in  head  to  upper  end  of  gill  opening;  length  of  gill  opening 
3;  caudal  2i  in  body;  base  of  dorsal  3.    Profile  concave ;  lower  jaw  much 


*  Named  for  I'er  Osbet-k,  a  student  ol.'  Linna-us  and  an  excellent  ichthyologist,  who  col- 
lect4}d  in  China,  his  Iter  Chinensia  first  i>ublislied  in  1757. 


'jSssb 


'■m 


Jordan  and  Evcrmanyt. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1719 

))ro,jectin)j;,  toci>h  in  ii  aingle  Hnries  in  n.'ich  Javr;  oyo  1^,  its  diameter  below 
dorsal  outline  of  body;  dornal  spine  (broken)  sitiiattMl  over  middle  of  «>ye 
ii  little  nearer  soft  dorsal  than  tip  of  snout;  base  of  soft  dorsal  sligbtly 
shorter  than  that  of  anal;  pectoral  sliort,  etpial  to  gill  opening,  its  base 
under  posterior  ^  of  gill  opening  and  anterior  margin  of  rye ;  cundal  pedun- 
cle 2A  times  longer  than  «>ye;  caudiil  long  and  ronndotl  behind.  Color  in 
apiritu,  slaty  brown,  darker  abovcs  covorod  with  small  round  dark-brown 
spots,  about  \  as  big  as  pupil;  snout  dark ;  dorsal  and  anal  dusky;  caudal 
black.  West  Indies  to  Itrazil,  replacing  A.  achapjii  southward.  Hero 
described  from  a  specimen  from  Jamaica  about !)  inthos  in  length. 

Alutera  jmnctata,  AOASSIZ,  Plsc.  nrasil.,  137,  pi.  7fi,  vory  bad,  182'.»,  Brazil;  Castki-nau, 
Anini.  Noiiv.  Kares.,  90,  isnr);  Jordan  &.  IU^ttkr,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sol.  Thila.  1800,  1'27. 
:'  Monacanthuii punctaUis,GV!tirnEU,  Cat.,  vin,  254,  1870. 


r  lUKI'K,  r>oi- 


New  York  ; 


Subgenus  OSBECKIA,  Jordan  <.V.  Kverinann. 
2137.  ALIITKKA  8t'UII>TA  (Oabcck). 

(Unicorn  Fi.sii;  I.ua  Tkompa.) 

Depth  3  to  3J.  D.I,  44  to  48;  A.  47  to  ."2;  vertebnc  7+14.  Body  oblong, 
its  depth  being  nearly  equal  to  distance  of  hind  margin  of  orbit  from 
extremity  of  snout.  Snout  pi'oduced,  with  the  upper  profile  concave, 
".•orsal  spine  long  and  slender,  above  middle  of  orbit,  about  IJ  in  head. 
.Middle  of  gill  opening  in  advance  of  middle  of  eye;  pectoral  fln  below 
]iosterior  part:  of  eye;  cau.ial  fin  «>longate,  nearly  as  bmg  as  or  longer  than 
liead,  rounded;  dorsal  and  anal  fins  low;  ventral  spine  none  Head  and 
body  olivaceous,  with  irregular  light-blue  spots  and  curved  streaks ;  besides 
these,  numerous  round  b'.ick  spots  about  as  large  .as  ])upil ;  dorsal  and  anal 
yellowish;  caudal  reddish ;  ukin  finely  velvety.  Length 2  to  3 feet.  Trop- 
ical seas,  comnion  in  the  West  Indies,  occasionally  northward  to  South 
Carolina;  also  occasionally  taken  about  the  islands  otf  the  Wijst  coast  of 
Nb'xico;  specimens  before  us  from  Clarion  Island  of  the  Rcvillagigedo 
Archipelago,  and  from  the  Vonados  at  Ma/atlan.  Apparently  the  Ameri- 
can species  is  not  distinct  from  the  Kast  Indian  form.  Should  differences 
ajtpear  on  comparison  of  specimens  ours  should  stand  as  Alntcra  hvria 
(Hloch).     (acripius,  written,  from  the  form  of  markings.) 

I ' nicormi  pUccsbahamentis  {the  Unicorn  Fish),  Catksby,  Hist.  Nat.  Carolina,  etc.,  n,i>l. 

19,  1737,  Bahamas. 
littlittes  gcriptui,  Osbeck,  Iter  Chin.,  i,  144, 17.')7,  China. 
Kalitfes  tnonoceros,  var.  «crif>t«»,  (Imelin,  Syst.  Nat.,  1463,  1788;  after  Osukck. 
LIja  trom2>a,  Takha,  Dif.  IMozas  Hist.  Nat.,  40,  pi.  22,  fig.  1. 
nalitteg  Icevis,  Kloch,  Ichthyol.,  ix,  82,  pi.  414, 1795,  Morocco ;  Tranquebar. 
Hiiliatet  ornatut,  Mawion  DE  rKOCj::,  Hull.  Soc.  IMiiloin.,  131,  1822. 
Mute  res  pareva,  Lesson,  Voy.  Coquille,  Zool.,  106, 1828. 

][onacanthu8 proboscideu*,  Sanzani,  Nov.  Comm.  Ac.  So.  Inst.  Bonon.,  1842, 8,  Brazil. 
Ahiterun  veno$us,  Hollabd,  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.,  Ser.  4,  IV,  1855,  14,  pi.  1,  fig.  3,  New  Ireland, 

Bismarck  Archipelago.    (Coll.  Lesson  &  Garnot.) 
. I  lutera  2iieturata,  roET,'  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  I'hila.  1863, 183,  Cuba. 
Moiiacanthus  seriidxu,  GOntheh,  Cat.,  VHi,  252, 1870. 


,i'rf* 


mm  ' 


\'y,ii::fj 


u;!.  .:■, 


Ill'   :  ■ 


lit 


m 


\i' 


1720         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subgenus  ALUTERA. 

8188.  ALUTKRA  NUNUOKROK  (Ottbuuk). 
(Lma  Kabbuda.) 

Depth  2^  to  2f.  D.  1,48;  A.  50;  vertebrtu  7  +  13.  lJo<ly  oblong;  suout 
produced,  with  upper  profile  convex.  Doi?nl  Binue  slender,  short,  U'jt 
J  longer  than  eye,  above  middle  of  orbit.  Lower  part  of  gill  openin<; 
in  advance  of  eye;  pectoral  fin  bidow  postori  ;r  purt  of  orbit.  Caudal  tin 
subtruncate  or  double  concave,  with  acute  angles;  much  shorter  than 
head,  and  shorter  than  its  own  }>eduncle;  dorsal  and  iinal  fins  low;  ven- 
tral spine  none.  .Skin  finely  velvety.  Color  uniform  brownish  olive,  or 
grayisb,  finely  mottled  with  darker,  the  region  below  dorsal  with  faint 
dusky  Bp(»ts  amid  paler  reticulations.  West  Indies;"  also  recorded  from 
the  East  Indies  and  .Tapan,  whore  it  is  said  to  be  rare  and  to  be  used  as 
food,     (inouoceroa,  the  unicorn;  /10K05,  one;  xspa^,  horn.) 

Vapritcus  murium  dentibtu  miuulis,  Klein,  Ichtli.  Mibsuh,  ni,  25, 1742,  pi.  3,  fig.  0,  very  bad, 

no  lo<;ality. 
BaliHct  jftonoceros,  OsnacK,  Iter  Chiiiensis,  110,  1757,  Asia;  Linn/KUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  i, Ed. x, 

327,1768;  after  OSBECK. 
Balutei  oblongiusculus,  etc.,  Gronow,  Zoophyl.,  Ko.  193, 1765,  Indian  seas. 
Tjijii  barbuda,  1'arra,  Vif.  Piozas  Hist.  Nat.,  48,  pi.  22,  ti;;.  2,  Havana. 
SalltU'n  kleinii,  Gmelin,  Syst.  Nat.,  1788,  Indian  seas;  alter  Gkonow  and  Klein. 
BalistPi,  barbatus,  Walbaum,  Artedi  riscium,  in,  404, 1792;  after  Klbin.    ' 
BalUtet  monoeeroa,  var.  unieolor,  IJloch  &  Schneider,  Syst.  IcUth.,  463, 1801 ;  after  (]melin. 
Balistei Herratieomis,  FBl^iiuiNViLLE,  Not-.v.  Bull.  So.  Soc.  Philoni.,  No.67, 249,  pi.  4,  Ug.l,  1813. 
Aluteret  berardi.  Lesson,  Voyage  Coquille,  Zool.,  108,  i)l.  7, 1828,  New  Guinea. 
Alutera  cinerea,  Tehminck  &  Schleoel,  Fauna  Japon.,  Poiss.,  292,  pi.  131,  fig.  1,  1847, 

Japan. 
Alutariut  amphacanthut,  ISlbeker,  {.  c,  23,  pi.  2,  tig.  5,  East  Indies. 
Alutarius  obliterattu,  Cantor,  Malayan  Fishes,  353, 1850,  Pinang. 
BalUtes  linguattila,  Gronow,  Cat.,  Ed.  Gray,  35, 1854,  Indian  seas ;  after  Baliatet  oblongi- 

uaeulus,  etc.,  of  Gronow. 
Aluterua  angiitoaua,  Hollard,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  iv,  1855, 11,  East  Indies. 
Baliatea  unicorvua,  Hasilewsky,  Nouv.  Mtim.  Soc.  Nat.  Moscow,  x,  203, 1855,  China. 
Alutarius  wner acanthus,  Bleeker,  Verli.  Bat.  Gen.,  Balist.,  XXIV,  22,  pi.  3,  tig.  6, 1862,  East 

Indies. 
Alutera  guntheriana,  Poey,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.  1863, 184,  Havana. 
Monacanthus  monoeeroa,  GCntiier,  Cat.,  viii,  251, 1870. 


Suborder  OSTRACODERMI.t 
(The  Teunk  Fishes.) 

This  group  includes  those  Plectognaths  which  are  without  spinous  dorsal 
and  which  have  the;  body  inclosed  in  a  3-augled,  4-angled,  or  5-angled  box 
or   carapace,  formed   by  polygonal,  bony  scutes,  firmly  joined  at  their 

*  The  American  species  seems  to  be  identical  with  the  East  Indian  Alutera  inonoceroa. 
Should  ditferences  appear  on  conii)arison  of  specimens,  the  former  should  apparently 
stand  as  Alutera  guntheriana,  Poey. 

t  For  an  excellent  review  of  the  species  of  tluH  croup,  see  (r0o«le,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua. 
1879, 261.  See  also  Uullard,  "Monographie  do  la  Amillo  des  Oatracionidea,"  Anualcs  Sci. 
Nat.  1857. 


r% 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1721 

oilges,  aiul  with  (listiiict  toeth  in  tho  Jiiws.  Thero  is  bnt  1  t'aiiiily,  the 
(hd'aciidw,  a  Hingiihir  ort'Hh«)ot  froiii  the  ScIfTodermi.  (o'tfrwrtKoK,  u  hard 
sbt>ll,  like  tbat  of  an  ovHtor;  dtffjucx,  skin.) 


mg;  snout 
abort,  not 
ill  opening; 
Caudal  fin 
lorter  than 
I  low;  ven- 
sh  olivo,  or 
with  taint 
!orded  from 
»  be  used  as 

Ig.  9,  very  bad, 
,  Nat.,  I,  Ed.  X, 


LEIN. 

;  after(JMELIN. 

pl.4,llg.l,1813. 
31,  flg.  1,  1847, 


talinteg  oblongi- 


^hina. 
Ig.  6, 1862,  East 


inous  dorsal 

l-a»gled  box 

3d  at  their 

ra  monoeerot. 
id  appareutly 

I.  S.Nat.Mns. 
Anualca  Sci. 


Family  CLXXI.  OSTRACIIDAE. 

(TlIK  TUITNK   FiSIIKS.) 

liody  short,  cuboid,  tri<|iietroii8  or  pentagonal,  covered  by  a  carapace 
Ibrined  of  firmly  united  polygonal  bony  ])at«'lH>H,  the  Jaws,  buses  of  tbe 
tins,  and  cautlal  peduncle  free  iitid  covered  by  smooth  skin.  Month  small; 
c.ich  jaw  with  a  single  series  of  long,  narrow  teeth.  Maxillariesand  pre- 
iiiaxillaries  firmly  united.  Gill  opening  a  nearly  vertical  slit,  below  and 
behind  the  eye.  Dorsal  fin  single,  short,  without  spine;  anal  short,  sim- 
ilar to  dorsal;  caudal  rounded;  no  ventral  fins;  vertebra-  II,  the  anterior 
!)  elongate,  the  last  5  extremely  short;  no  ribs.  Genera  3;  species  about 
jO,  all  of  tlie  tropical  seas,  living  near  the  bottom  in  shallow  waters, 
rhe  species  of  this  group  are  so  singular  in  appearance  and  so  easily 
|ireserved  that  they  have  been  conunon  in  collections  ever  since  tho  col- 
lu(;ting  of  tropical  curiosities  began.  The  4  American  species  were  well 
known  to  Artedi  and  Linnaeus.  "The  locomotion  of  the  trunk  fishes  is 
very  peculiar.  The  propelling  force  is  exerted  by  tlie  dorsal  and  anal 
tins,  which  have  a  half  rotary,  sculling  motion,  resembling  that  of  a  screw 
propeller;  the  caudal  fin  acts  as  a  rndder,  save  when  it  is  needed  for 
unusually  rapid  swimming,  when  it  is  used  as  in  other  fishes;  the  chief 
liinction  of  the  broad  pectorals  seems  to  be  that  of  forming  a  current  of 
water  through  the  gills,  thus  aiding  respiration,  which  would  otherwise 
be  difficult  on  account  of  the  narrowness  and  iullexibility  of  the  branchial 
aperti'res.  When  taken  from  the  water,  one  of  these  fishes  will  live  lor 
2  or  3  hours,  all  the  time  solemnly  fanning  its  gills,  and  when  restored  to 
its  native  element  seems  none  the  worse  for  its  experience,  except  that,  on 
aocimnt  of  tho  air  absorbed,  it  can  not  at  once  sink  to  tho  bottom"  (Goode.) 
{Sclcrodermi,  group  Ostraciontina,  Giinther,  Cat.,  viii,  25.5-268,  1870.) 

((.  Carapace  forming  a  conliimous  bridge  behind  the  aiiul  fin ;  ventral  surface  not  cari- 
nate ;  caudal  rays  10. 
i>.  Carapace  tritpietrous,  or  3-angleil,  a  median  dorsal  ridgo  p.nd  a  ridge  on  each 
side  uf  belly  prominent;  ridge  on  each  side  of  back  obs(dcte  or  wanting. 

LACToruEYS,  676. 

676.  LACTOPHRYS,  Swainson. 

(TliKEK-AXOLED  TRUNK-KISIIES.) 

Oitraeion,  part,  Linn^us,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  x,  330,  1758  (many  -species;  first  restricted  by 

Swainson  to  4-angled  forms,  cubicus  taken  as  typo). 
Lactophryt),  Swainson.  Nat.  Hist.  ClasS'u  Fishes,  n,  194,  324, 1839  (trigonus,  etc. ;  restricted 

to  species  trigonal,  with  spines). 
h'hinetomus,  Swainson,  Nat.  Ilist.  Class'n  Fishes,  n,  194,  324,  1839  (triqueter). 
Ontradon,  Kal'p,  Archiv  Naturg.  18r)5,  214  (triqueter;  restrictetl  vo  trigonal  fonns,  the 

4-anglod  forms  being  named  Oibolion). 
Acanthostraeion,  Bleeker,  Atlas  Iclithyol.,  v,  27,  1862  (quadrieomis). 
Uvtophrya,  Bi.eekkr,  Atlas  Ichthyol.,  v,  27,  1862;  corrected  spelling. 
Vhapinus,  Jokuan  &,  Evehmann,  CheckList  Fishes  N.  and  M.  A.,  424,  1896  (bicaudalit). 
3030 31 


M  ' 


I     ; 

I 

i 


r-'^ifi;i.^:^.".i^'o'?-.>,_  i,r 


^t,A.;.'.^-..'*.K--'=;.Wvj 


I  -M 


M,- 


1722  DuUcdn  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

Trnnk-tialioH  with  the  carapace  S-angled,  the  ventral  Biirfnoe  Hat  or  con 
cave,  iiover  cariuat<< ;  carapace  closed  behind  the  aual  tin ;  carapace  wit) 
ur  without  frontal  and  abdominal  spines;  dorsal  rays  9  or  10;  caudal  ray^ 
always  10.    This  geuus  contains  r>  species,  4  of  them  American,  and  dlt)'e^^ 
from  the  Old  World  genus  Otitruvion  only  in  the  form  of  the  carapace,    'i'ln 
median  dorsal  ridge  of  the  carapace  is  much  more  devtdoped  than  tlir 
others,  so  that  the  body  is  3-sidcd  and  3-angled,  instead  of  4-sided  ami 
4-anglcd,  as  in  (htracioii.    Although  this  character  is  a  striking  one  it  i^ 
not  one  of  higli  structural  importance.     liollard  and  Uleeker  have  dis 
carded  it  as  being  of  no  real  systematic  value.    All  writers  agree  that  tin 
species  of  the  group  are  most  closely  related,  and  that  the  relations  ol' 
the  si»ecics  are  closer  than  they  appear.     Wo  think,  with  Dr.  Uoode,  that 
the  shape  of  the  carapace  atfonis  "  the  most  reliable  guide  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  8])ocieH  of  the  genus,"  and  wo  think  it  not  improper  to  accord 
generic  distinction  to  the  3-.angled  species,  as  distinct  fVom  the  more  H])e- 
cialixed   t-angled  forms.     (Shortened  from  Lactoria,  a  milk-cow,  o0/Ji;5, 
eyebrow,  from  the  projecting  horns  of  Lavtophrya  tricorv.ia.) 

KlIINRHOMrS  (pii-r),  file;  iruna,  body): 
a.  Carapace  without  apinoH  anywliero.  tuiqiieteb,  213!t. 

aa.  Carapace  with  distinct  npinos,  at  least  on  tlie  ventral  ridges  behind. 
b.  Frontiil  spines  none. 
CUiVriNi's  {Ohapin,  the  Spanish  name) : 

c.  Curapaco  open  behind  the  dorsal  fin;  bo<ly  every wliere  wit Ii  ronnd  dark 

spots.  DICAUOALIB,  21411. 

Lactophbvs: 

ce.  Carapace  closed  behind  ilio  dorsal  fln ;  bocly  mottled  with  paler. 

TKIOONC8,  214 1 
ACANTHOSTRACION  (axavja,  spine ;  ovTpaieCov,  a  little  box) : 

bb.  Frontal  region  with  2  strong  spines  like  liorns.  tricoknis,  2142. 

Subgenus  RHINESOMUS,  Swninson. 

iiiao.  LAt^TOPHRVS  TRU{IIETfilt  (Liunaus). 

(Thunk-kish;  Rock  SiiBLLrisit:  Dkunken-fish  ;  Chapin;  Pi.ate-fish.) 

Head  4;  depth  2! ;  ej-e  8  to  9  in  total  length,  4  to  4*  in  height  of  .sido. 
D.  10;  A.  10;  IM2;  scales  9.  Carapace  trigonal,  without  spines;  breadth 
equal  to  |  length  of  body  in  adults,  greater  in  young.  Ventral  surface  of 
carapa<*e  convex  anteriorly,  coui-ave  postericvrly.  Hack  elevated,  com- 
pressed, sides  joining  at  an  angl(>  of  about  30  degrees.  Carapac»i  con- 
tinuous behind  dorsal  fin.  Interorbital  space  concave.  Upper  surface  of 
snout  concave.  Teeth  long,  spike-like,  8  to  10  in  each  jaw.  Scales  of  tlii^ 
sides  hexagonal,  in  young  with  striie  radiating  from  center  to  angles  of 
each  scale,  in  adult  armed  simply  with  tubercles,  9  to  10  in  longitudinal 
series  from  gill  opening  to  tail,  8  in  median  line  of  ventral  surface,  8 
between  ventral  keel  and  angle  of  back;  posterior  dorsal  scute  unarmed. 
Branchial  aperture  oblique,  its  length  greater  than  diameter  of  e\(>, 
descending  before  base  of  pectoral.  Fins  obtusely  rounded;  caudal  of 
moderate  length  and  rounded.  Dark  brown,  thickly  studded  with  cir- 
cular spots  of  yellowish  white,   each  about  ^   of  an  inch  in  diauio- 


HIQUETER,  213!t. 


TKICOUNIS,  2142. 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1723 

ler;  tho  position  of  thear  apotH  appeurH  to  huvo  no  n'ltition  to  i\w  ahiipo 
(if  tlu^  platt'a  of  tho  carapiK-o;  ventral  Hnrfiit-o  liglitfr  and  Hpotlcaa;  opi- 
(Icrmia  olttMi  abrixleii,  leaving;  tbo  hIh«II  nniforni  tawny  whit*-;  lipa, 
liaaos  of  th*<  tiiia,  ami  tail  atrin  lirown  \'\k^\  i\u\  ^rnuiiul  color  of  tho  body. 
In  dried  MpecitneiiM  the  epid«>rniia  dri*>H  and  Iohch  ita  *!olor,  and  th«^  abidl 
.shows  thron);ii  with  a  lijirbtei-  shade.  Giinthrr  atati-a  that  the  lips,  roots 
of  the  tins,  root  of  tlie  tail,  and  tip  of  the  randal  ar)<  black,  ((joodc.) 
I.cu^th  10,^  inches.  Yonn^  in  life,  li^ht  olivu,  covered  everywhere  above 
ind  below  with  ronnd  darker  apots  of  greenish  l)Ine  abont  aa  lar^^e  as 
l>ii]iil;  tins  jdain;  caudal  pednucio  with  a  few  spots.  West  Indies,  north 
to  the  Bermudas,  Key  West,  and  P(>iisacola;  very  common  in  the  Tropics; 
I  8lii<rgish  tish  living  on  tho  bottoms  about  reefs,  feuding  on  minute  aui- 
iiials.     {truiuelcr,  three-angled.) 

Oitnieiun  poli/odon  invrmi*  tiiijueter,  LlNNiKUs,  Muhciiiii  Adolphi-Frcdcriei,  I,  Oi,  1754, 

India. 
Ostrneion  triqueter,  Linn.kus,  Syst.  Nat.,  E<1.  X,  330, 1758,  India  ;  iiltor  Muh.  Ad.  Fr.  j  (iON- 

TIIEK,  Cat.,  vni,  250, 1H70;  (iooDE,  Proc.  U.S.  KatMiiH.  1870, 271;  .ToHDAN  A:  Uu.brrt, 

SyiiopslH,  065, 1883. 
Ditracion*  eoiieatenatuii,  ISloch,  Ichthyol.,  iil.  131,  1785,  Martinique;  on  a  painting  by 

I'LUMIEK. 

Subgenus  CHAPINUS,  Jurditn  iV  Evcriuann. 

2140.  LAOTOlMIItVS  HUArOALIS  (Linna-ua). 
<Chapin;  Spotted  Tudnk-kish.) 

1).  10;  A.  10;  P.  12.  Ostracions  with  trigonal  carapace  and  with  llat 
|)i'oniinent  spine  on  each  ventral  ridge.  Itrcadth  of  body  less  than  ^  its 
length  without  caudal.  Space  between  eyes  concave.  From  the  median 
dorsal  line  the  sides  of  tho  back  descend  rapily,  curving  ontward  slightly. 
Caudal  fin  rounded.  Color  yellowish,  wi"-  numerous  small,  round,  brown 
.sjtota  on  carapace,  tail,  and  caudal  flu.  Length  1(>  inches.  West  Indies, 
ficnorally  common,  from  Cuba  to  Ascension  Island;  not  yet  recorded  from 
Florida.  (6icoMrfoii«,  two-tailed;  that  is,  with  2  siiiues  below  the  tail — 
"spinis  subcaudalibus  2.") 

nutracion  trianyulatus  tvberculi*  hexagonU  radiati*,  etc.,  Artkui,  Genera,  57,  1738,  India. 

Ostrneion  bicaudalis,  Linn.i-:u8,  Syst.  Nat.,  Kd.  x,  330, 175K,  India  ;  alter  Aktedi  ;  rTi]NTHEK, 

Cat.,  vui,  257, 1870;  Poey,  Keportorio,  u,  442 ;  Goode,  I'roo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1870,274. 


Subgenus  LACTOPHRYS. 

8141.  LACTOIMIUYS  TKItiONUS  (Linn.cus). 

(Common  Trunk-fish ;  Chapin;  Shellfish.) 

Head  4 ;  height  of  sides  2.  D.  10 ;  A.  10.  Body  rather  sharply  3-angled ; 
110  spine  before  eye.  Each  ventral  ridge  with  a  large  Hat  spine;  dorsal 
ridge  high  and  sharply  compressed,  descending  rather  rapidly  forward,  and 
ending  opposite  posterior  margin  of  orbit ;  carapace  open  behind  the  dorsal 


*  As  Blocli  says  distinctly  that  his  account  of  Ottraeinn  eomatenatut  is  based  on  a  figure 
liy  I'luniior,  the  name  slioiild  uppareutly  not  be  used  for  au  Hast  Indian  species,  but  is 
l)iubably  a  syuonym  ot°  triqueter. 


l;'i'Mi,!f' 


ri  li'i:!' 


1724 


nulh'ihi  /7,  Unift'd  States  National  Museum. 


■I  -',  '„; 


•A   I,': 


lln.  Olive  Ktay ;  iv  very  faint  Mue  Hpot  in  tlio  ciMitor  of  oiu-li  of  nuist  of  Mi. 
hc.)iI«h;  noHtril  in  w  yellow  Hpot;  b(»iiu«lari«N  of  nppur  HCiiteH  liliickiNh,  oi 
iowui' bluiHli;  oiitUneH  of  variolic  Hc-nttm  huliind  {rill  opttniug  blucl\,  foiiii 
\\\^x\  «liiHky  ui-o)v,oH]iccijilly  diHtinct  in  tho  vonnj';  a  Hiniilar  Bniallur  <lnHK\ 
area  on  Hide  on  lovul  of  i\vi>;  iriH  yellow;  fhiH  all  pale  (tlivi;;  vent  yellow  . 
belly  ligbt  olive,  outlines  of  the  HtMiten  bluiMh;  bane  of  peeturiilH  yelluwiHli. 
I.un^rtli  about  a  foot.  WcHt  Tntlied;  very  eoninion  an  tar  north  aH  Hernindii 
and  Key  West,  oceaHionally  northward  in  the  (lulf  Ktreani  (lIolnicH  Hole. 
iMaHH.,  Storer;  WoodH  Mule;  (Mieaapeake  Hay,  Lu^^jrer).  All  I  of  onr  h|m' 
eies  oceur  ill  the  liarbor  of  Parii,  in  Hra/il.  TIiIh  npecieH  and  otherH  an 
Haid  to  utter  gruntin^r  soiindH.     {rptt^,  three;  y6vo<i,  ai!^;lo.) 

Ontraciun  triaiigiilalxtii  Iniibis  jigiifarttnim  hexinjimarum  eiiiinvntiliUH,  etc.,  AuTEDl,  (Jen 

era,  Titl,  17:iH,  Jamaica;  Boeii  by  Artoili  in  tlio  colliittion  of  Sir  llnim  Slimiie  uiiil  in 

tlie  Nu(;g'h  Head  Inn,  Loiiilon. 
0»tiaeiumtri<iimii$,\A^K.v.v»,  SyHt.  Nut.,  E«l.  x,  330, 1758.  India  ;  iiCter  Akikih;  (UTntheii, 

Cat.,  VIII.  '.'.'■>«,  IH70;  OooUK,  Troe.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1870,  27«. 
OUracion  i/ali-i,  Stokeii,  Ituat.  Jouru.  Nnt.  Hist.,  i,  1837,  353,  Holmes   Hole,  on  Marthas 

Vineyard. 
iMftojiliri/M  inticfjm,  Kaim",  Aroliiv  Naliirg.  1855,218;  H]ieciiii«nH  with  10  dorHal  ruyH,  I, in 

mens  haviuj;  fjiveii  hy  error  "D.  U  "  In  the  uri);inal  <li-Heri|ition  of  <>.  triyonii*. 
(Mracion  undulatii*,  Poky,  Synopsis,  441, 1888,  Havana. 
Oitraeiou  ixpanmm,  Cope,  Trans.  Am.  Thil.  Soc.  1870,  474,  flgs. 0-10,  St.  Martins,  West 

Indies, 
LacUiphryi  trigonui,  I'OBT,  MemorioM,  ii,  362,1861. 
OHraciuin  trlgonum,  Jouuan  &  Gn.nEi(T,  Synopsis,  853, 1683. 

Subgenus  ACANTHOSTRACION,  liloukur. 
S142.     LACTOPHKYS  TKIi'OUNIS  (Linnaeus). 

(CCl'KOM);   ToKO;   CoWKIHII.) 

Hea«l  4J;  dei)th  2^^.  D.  10;  A.  10.  Carapace  trigonal;  adultu  with  a 
broad  low  ridge  on  each  side  of  the  bac^k,  the  dorsal  ridge  more  elevateil 
than  ill  the  young,  which  are  somewhat  tetragonal.  Ventral  siirfucc 
nearly  flat;  angles  of  body  cariuato ;  a  stout  spine  directed  forward  ovei 
each  eye;  abdominal  spines  flat,  directed  backward;  a  median  dorsal 
8|)ine  said  to  be  sometimes  present,  never  persistent,  none  in  our  speci- 
mens; bridges  behind  dorsal  and  anal  each  ending  in  a  flat  spine;  caudal 
peduncle  with  or  without  a  free  phite  *  above  or  below;  carapace  closed 
behind  dorsal  fln.  Color  brown,  yellow,  blue,  or  green,  with  irregular 
blue  blotches,  the  centers  of  the  scutes  often  lighter  than  the  margin.s. 
Young,  light  gray,  tinged  with  olive;  belly  white;  head  and  carapace  witli 
round  spots  of  rather  light  blue,  these  sometimes  forming  more  or  leas  inter- 
rupted longitudinal  stripes;  about  4  of  these  stripes  on  cheek;  tail  above 
with  blue,  brown-edged  spots;  dorsal  olive,  its  base  blackish ;  caudal  olive, 
edged  and  mottled  with  light  blue;  anal  similar;  pectorals  olive.  Lengtii 
18  inches.  Tropical  parts  of  the  Atlantic;  very  common  from  Carolina  to 
Brazil,  ranging  northward  in  the  Gulf  Stream  to  Charleston  (Goode)  and 
Chesa{)eake  Bay  (Lugger);   occasional  about  the  shores  of  the  Gulf  of 


*  "Out  of  14  RpecinienH  cxuminud  5  had  plates  above  and  below,  1  had  2  above,  and  C 
had  none.  "    (Goodc. ) 


lias;?-'     I 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     17-5 


artins,  West 


Mt^xico,  at  PoiiHacohk  uiuKialvi-Htun;  nluo  ranging  <'ivMtwiinl  to(iiiiiieuaiul 
tlio  (.'ii|io  or(ioo<l  llo))o.  It  IH  rarely  ItroiiKlit  to  tlui  iiiiirUrtH,  Itiit  in  said 
lu  Im*  a  good  foo«l-liHh  wh««ii  baku*I  in  the  hIioII.  (/'ca,  throo;  rornnn,  horn; 
llin  namu  refurs  to  tlie  2  frontal  liorna  anil  to  tho  Hupracaudal  i>lat*', 
lifinrod  hy  Tiiater  an  an  oiect  Hpino,  thn  lljjiiro  apparently  l»a8»'d  on  a  Hpecl- 
iiien  with  thr  plate  torn  Ioohu  at  one  end.) 

/'i»('i«  tnangulariti  caiiiti  coi-nu(ii»  ciiie  mtilia  cauila  riittinfa  aeiilnit  longu*  erij/itun,  Lihti'.u, 

III  WilltiKliliy,  Hiat.  IMhc,  A|ti>eiiili\,  11),  IflHfl,  I ility  not  {{Ivfii. 

Ontraeion  trianijulatu*  arulfis  ilunhux  in  euiiitf  ft  vnico  lonyioro  mijierne  ad  eaudaiim, 

AllTKDI,  (SuntTii,  5<1,  I7;ifl;  aCttr  Ijstku  in  \Villiii;liliy. 
nttrai'ioii  triinijiuliitiiii  diinbiiii  iinileiK  in  froitle  et  tutiih-tn  in  iiiiii  ri'ntre  MubetnidaU'xiiue 

/h/ii'*,  AuTKiii,  (ienorn,  TiO,  17:iH;  apocinioiia  Hwn  in  London  iit  tlir  Iioiihii  of  Mr.  Mlljii 

und  in  tint  NiiRt;')*  Ilftid  Inn. 
Ottriieion  tricomit,  Ijnnakis,  Syat.  Nat.,  Ktl.  x,  331, 1758:  nl'tor  .\uikki. 
iifltnciiim  quadrieorniH,*  LuiNAKt'H,  Sysl.  Nut.,  Kil.  x,  WAX,  17'iK;    iil'tir  AuTKOi;  (JCn- 

THKii,  Cat.,  vni,  '.'57, 1870;  (ioonK,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Mii«.  1H7»,  278. 
Ostraeiimliileri,  Lac'I.PKdk,  Hist.  Nat.  PoIhh.,  1,408,1708;  al'ttT  Wii.u'diniY. 
Ostraeion  aexeornutun,  MrrcHiu.,  Amor.  Monthly  Mii);.,  u,  1818,  :i28,  Mouth  of  Mississippi 

River. 
nt^traeion  maeulatut,  iloixARi),  Ann.  Scl.  Nut.  18.17, 149. 
Ottrncivn  guineeniiiH,  Ki.erkek,  N«mI.  Tydskr.  Dierk,  II,  21*8,  Guinea. 
Otlracion  gronovii,  liLEBKBit,  Nod.  Tyd.><kr.  Uierk,  ii.  208. 
.\canllio»ttaeiim  pi>l)j!/oniti»,  Poky,  Enunicratio,  175,  1870,  Cuba. 
(Mracitim  qxiadrieume,  Jokdan  Sc  Oilheht,  Synopsis,  854, 1883. 


Iiibovo,  ami  C 


*  Coiic»>riiin};  tlio  noiiiinii]  Mjiecit's  of  tliis  tyju".  Dr.  (ioodo  n'nuirka:  "  1  liiivo  iii'vcr  him-ii 
iiiortt  tliiiii  ono  Hpocios  of  tliiH  type,  and  tlie  Hyiioiiyiiiy  at  tlm  hi'ad  of  tlii.s  iiotlt'(t  expreHttt'S 
I  lio  views  of  tho  majority  of  icnlliyolojiiHts  alt  well  an  my  own.  It  him-ims  only  fair,  how- 
tviT,  to  (|iioto  the  oninion  of  Dr. 'lilct'kcr.  '  It  a]>puara  1o  \w\  vory  ovidi'iit,'  wrote  lie, 
'that  there  are  ut  lenHt  5  speeieH  of  triniitnilar  (or  nilher  )>enta;'oiial)  iMrarionit  with 
frontal  nnd  i>i'o."inal  npiue.s.  Of  the.se  this  (O.  iiuadrimnns)  is  tho  one  longest  known,  and 
niiiy  be  easily  distliigniHiiod  by  the  nearly  vertieal  protile  of  the  head  as  well  as  hy  tho 
str(>nK  8]>ine  which  teriiiintiies  tlie  ])ost(To-sii|HM'ior  dorsal  ]ilate.  Tho  oth<>r  s|'iocies 
iesenndinf{7"(Ji'''<c'>»*"i»are  Ontraeinn  iiotacanllnis  lileeker,  Outraciontrieornit  L.  (  Ostra- 
fiiin  maeiilatiiii  Hollard),  Oftraciim  iinniuvii  Bleeker,  and  ODtraciun  <jiiineeii$is  lUeoker, 
hilt  none  of  these  exhibits  tho  reninrkahle<-liai'aeter  of  the  postero-sn'perior  dorsal  angle 
drvelonod  into  n  H|)ino.  Ostraeion  mttacanlhax  is  eharaeterized  liy  tho  ]>resen(^e  of  a  spine 
upon  tlie  doraal  crest,  hy  its  obli<iiio  protlht,  nnd  by  the  h(<xnuoiial  or  irref^ular  black  ring 
^villl  largo  Yellowish  coi'iter  which  ia  ]>laiiily  visible  upon  eaeii  plate  of  tho  back  and  the 
lliiiiks;  whilo  Onlracion  nronovii  is  easily  reeo^ni/ed  by  the  greater  length  of  the  frontal 
and  preaual  spines,  by  tlie  absonco  of  thoniediau  dorsal  spine,  and  by  the  very  obliiiiie 
]ii'otlIo  of  tho  snout,  (htrucion  tricorni*  Linn.,  which  appears  to  bo  idontiearwith  tlie 
species  described  by  llollard  as  (htracion  inaculatitt,  is  niiirked  by  its  nearly  vertical 
lirot'le  and  by  longitudinal  brown  hands  upon  tho  cheeks.  Ottracion'fiuinecntit'iH  iiiarkeit 
liv  tlie  siibvertical  protilit  of  On^ractuu  tricor-niii,  but  has  cheeks  without  bands,  and  the 
|)late  of  tho  cara|iaco  ornamented  with  acentrnl  oeella  of  jiearl  <'olor  or  blue.'  The  ]ires- 
eiice  of  plates  upon  the  ••aiidal  inMlnncle  is  apparently  iiiM'ideiital.  They  may  possibly 
liavo  some  relation  to  sex,  but  certainly  none  to  age.  Out  of  14  s|ieciniens  examined  5 
had  plates  above  and  behiw,  1  had  2aliovo,  and  6  had  none.  In  none  of  the  specimens  can 
I  distinguish  truces  of  the  spine  in  tho  middle  of  the  dorsal  riilgo  montioned  by  Dr.  Giin- 
tlier.  The  color  of  young  sjiecimens  is  well  described  by  (liintlior;  the  bands  on  tho 
cjiei'k  are,  however,  of  a  bright  blue.  Adult  specimens  are  colored  in  n  rich  bright  blue 
(ir  green,  lighter  in  tlie  center  of  each  hexagonal  plate,  giving  tho  a]ipearance  of  annular 
markings,  which  quickly  vanish  after  death.  In  some  individuals  the  color  is  worn 
fioni  the  ridges  of  tho  carapace,  leaving  putches  of  light  brown.  lileeker  claimed  for  his 
species,  Ottraeion  notaeantiiuii,  a  peculiar  system  of  color.ition.  but  it  is  in  nowise  different 
IVoiii  that  of  the  onlinary  type  of  Ostraeion  (/iiadrieorniM. '  The  largest  specimens  are  21 
iiiclies  long.  "  If  Dr.  (loode  is  right  in  referring  nil  these  forms  to  one  species,  it  slioiild 
1m)  called  LactophriiK  tricornis.  Tlie  only  doubt  seonis  to  be  in  regard  to  Lactopht-yg  nota- 
canthus  which  looks  to  us  like  a  ditfereut  flsli. 

'  "Mais  en  outre  le  syst^mo  do  coloration  do  I'espece  quo  jo  crois  nouvelle  est  tres 
dillerent,  chiuino  lumclier  do  lu  tete,  du  dos  et  des  tluncs  Citant  ornft  d'lin  anneuu  violet  on 
noiratre  d'lino  forme  hexagone,  ]ientngone,  qiiadraugulairo,  ou  meme  ronde,  et  it  centre 
largo  orange  ou  rougeatre.  On  ne  voit  rien  do  |iareil  sur  le  <^orps  du  quadricornis.  Puis 
encore,  la  queue  est  brumitre  et  a  taches  Jaiinatres  et  les  pectorales  out  iin  rayon  de  jiliis. 
■le  uoninie  cetto  esp^iH;  nouvell<3  Ostraeion  nutacanthuM,  "  M6moiro  sur  les  PoisBUUb  du  la 
Cute  de  Uui&uc,  pur  P.  Bleeker  p.  21. 


1720  Uulhtiu  ,/7,  UitiUd  States  National  AfnscNtn. 


SuIhm (lor  (} YMNODONTKS. 


I 


!i',!'"'*' 


■1 '  I 
-i  -I 


|i| 

'?'  !/  'i 


'.':,;f' 


IMflctop^iiatliH  witlioiit  n  HpinniiH  dnrHal,  with  tlio  hotly  Hliort  and  witli 
th»  belly  iiilliituble;  the  Hciih'H  typically  Hitiniform,  with  root-like  iiiHor- 
tioiiH  (iirchetypiciiUy  rhnnihoid),  and  with  the  Jaws  in  an  enaniel-likt; 
eoverin^  env«>lop<>d  without  diHtinct  tot-th.  This  f^roup  containii  dogradtMl 
I'lectognaths  which  have  loHt  the  Hcalen,  spinotiM  dorsal,  and  distinct 
teeth.  In  the  extreme  forms  the  pelvis,  ribH,  and  caudal  vertebric  are 
also  lost,  the  species  depending  on  their  dermal  armature,  leathery  skin, 
or  inllatnble  belly  for  protection  from  cncmi«^H,  while  little  power  of 
active  movement  remaiuH.     (;'i;//>'(i$,  naked;  68uv(;,  tooth.) 

«i.  I'ttlviH  mill  rilm  iiltHoli'to. 

h.  Ciiiiiliil  rct(liMi  noriiiiilly  ditvelopotl,  wiMi  ii  caiiiliil  iicdiiiiclo. 

e.  IJpimr  iiiiil  lower  Jiiw  ourli  iliviilc«(l  liy  n  nimliiin  Hiituro;  mnxillarlcH  nnil 
cleiitiiriitH  uncli  (Mirveil  (lutwnril  bcliind  tlio  prtiinaxillnrieH;    ctliiiioiil 
inure  iir  Icbh  ]ini|(u'.tin|;  in  front  of  frontalH;  pontfrontalH  uxtuiullug  out 
wiird  at  lonHt  as  far  an  froiitaln. 
d.  Vertfline  comiinrativcly  few,  15  to  21   in  tiiiniltvr;*  dorsal  and  anal 
Hliort,  of  7  to  15  rayn. 
e,  ^Frontal  lioneH  articulated  with  the  Hiipraoocipitnl  and  pontfrnntals 
tionllned  to  the   sidoH;  efhnioid  Hhort,  narrow,  little  promi- 
nent to  view  above;  vortobra3  few;  head  hrond;  nostriln 
variuaH.  Tktraodontui.k,  cxxxii. 

ec.  Frontal  lioneH  Heparated  from  the  Hupraoecipital  by  the  post 
frontalH  which  meet  in  the  middle;  ethmoid  prominent  above, 
enlar^red  and  narrowed  forward ;  snout  pointed ;  doraal  ami 
anal  very  ftbort ;  notttrila  obsolete. 

CANTniOA8TERlD;E,  CLXXHI. 

ce.  Upper  and  lower  jaw  each  undivided,  the  preniaxlllary  and  dentary  bones 

roositled  into  sutureless  arches;  maxillaries  extended  laterally  bchiiiil; 

body  covered  with  stout,  rooted  spines.  Diodontid.i?,  clxxiv. 

bh.  Caudal  region  of  body  aborted,  the  body  iruncatod  behind  the  dorsal  and  anal : 

Jaws  each  without  median  suture.  MoLiDit:,  ci.xxv. 


Family  CLXXII.  TETRAODONTID^. 

(THR    riTFl'KISS.) 

Body  oblonj?  or  elongate,  nsually  little  compressed,  sometimes  very 
broad;  head  and  snout  broad;  belly  capable  of  great  inilation;  skin  Hcale- 
less,  usually  more  or  Ichs  prickly,  the  spines  or  prickles  usually  weak  and 
movable,  not  rooted;  in  I  genus  (Ejihipplon)  the  skin  is  armed  with  bony 
scutes  forming  a  sort  of  carapace,  approaching  that  seen  in  Oairaeion:  each 
jjiw  confluent,  forming  a  sort  of  beak  which  in  each  Jaw  is  divided  by  a 
median  suture;  maxillaries  curved  outward  behind  the  premaxillaries; 
lips  full;  nostrils  variou.s.  Spinous  dorsal  and  ventral  iius  wanting,  the 
fins  compo  -1  of  soft  rays  only;  dorsal  fin  posterior,  opposite  and  similar 
to  anal;  caudal  fin  distinct,  no  ventral  fins,  the  pelvic  bono  nndevelope<l ; 
no  ribs;  pectoral  fins  short  and  broad,  the  upper  rays  longest;  caudal  fin 
and  its  vertebrte  normally  developed.    Medifrontals  articulated  with  tlio 


:'|f 


*  The  Ohonerhinidee  of  the  East  Indies  have  vertebra)  29;  D.  32  to  88;  A.  28  to  32. 


'-^^S 


Jordan  and  livcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1727 


and  witl> 
ikn  iiiHtM'- 
lainol-liko 
(logrii(l)Ml 
I  (liHtinct 
tflbnr  mo 
hory  skill, 
power  of 


KiUartca  ami 
DH  i  otliiiioitl 
tuiidiug  out- 

ml  and  tiiial 

postfroiitali 
little  i>romi- 
onil;  iiostrilN 

riD.K,  CLXXll. 

by  the  pout 
nineiit  alMJvc. 
;   doraal  niid 

id;e,  CLXXiii. 
lentaiy  hones 
rally  behind; 

[0.15,  CLXXIV. 

Hal  and  anal : 

L,iniE,CI.XXV. 


times  very 
Hkin  scale- 
weak  and 
kvith  bony 
icion;  each 
iridcd  by  a 
axillaries; 
gating,  till- 
11(1  Hiniilar 
levelopcd ; 
Icaudal  lin 
.  with  tho 

;  to  32. 


siipruoccipital,  the  poHtfrontalH  conllned  to  the  HidoH,  ethmoid  rnori^  or  Iohh 
projecting  in  froi-t  of  trontals;  poBtl'rontalH  fxtcnding  outward  as  turnH 
irontalH;  proBethmoid  uhort  and  narrow,  little  prominent  to  view  above; 
vertebrae  few,  7  or  H-f-0  to  13.  Oill  openingH  Hniall,  placed  cIoho  in  front 
i,f  pectoralH;  air  bladd«>r  pruHent.  (ienera  abont  10,  Hpucius  abont  (M), 
inhabiting  warm  suas;  llnheH  of  sluggiHli  movemmta,  noted  for  their  habit 
if  tilling  the  utomach  with  air.  WIkmi  diBtiirlxMl  thoy  then  lloat  on  tho 
Hiirfacu  belly  upward.  Not  tiHed  an  food,  the  lloHh  being  ill  flavored  and 
ii'lintedpoiHonouB.    (Te(ro(?on«n((, part,  (Jllnthor,  Cat.,  viii, 270-316, 1870.) 

iKTHAOnoNTIN.*;: 

a.  Frontal  Ikiuum  expanded  sldowiHO  and  IbrmliiK  tho  lateral  roofit  of  the  orbitH,  tlui 

poMtfroDtals  llnilttiti  to  the  ponterior  portionx.    Spt-cieH  chlclly  marine. 

h.  Nuatril  on  uach  mUIo  with  2  distinot  opeiiinga ;  rrnutal  r«i;l(in  longer  than  broad. 

c.  Doraal  and  anal  tlim  coniparatlvcly  Iohk,  faloato,  each  of  12  to  ITi  raytt; 

caudal  lunate;  vurtobrif  alM)iit  8  i  i:i     21:  noHtrlla  Ht^HitilK,  or  nearly  ho, 

not  I'orniiug  adlHtiuct  papilla;  niiiuoiiH  tubeH  on  uppiT  part  of  lirad  and 

on  tides  of  body  very  couHpieiioiia.  LAOocRi'iiAi.rH,  (177. 

ee.  Dormtl  and  anal  tlna  comparatively  Hhort,  roimde<l,  oai^h  of  0  to  M  raya; 

caudal  uaually  rounded ;  vertebra*  about  8  i  lo     IH;  noHtrilH  at  the 

Hiininiit  of  a  hollow,  Himple  (or  lobed)  papilla;  muconH  tubeH  incon- 

apicuouH.  .  Si>iiKK()n>ic8, 07H. 

bb.  Nostril  on  each  Hide  witli  a  bifid  tentacle  without  distinct  oiioning;  frontal 

region  broader  than  long ;  tins  and  vertobne  aa  iu  Spheroidei.    Ovoidks,  070. 

(JOLOMEHIN.* : 

na.  Frontal  bones  narrowed  and  excluded  from  the  orbit,  tho  postfrontaln  being  elon- 
gated and  projected  forward  and  connected  with  the  prefrontalH;  dornal  and 
nnal  tins  Hhort,  rounded;  nnout  very  obtuse;  vertebriu  8  (-11  =  1^;  nontriln 
(probably)  aa  iu  Spheroidea,    Fluviatile  species.  CoLOMuaua,  680. 

677.  LAGOCEPHALUS,  Swaiuson. 

l,(ifjoefphalu»,  Swainhon,  Nat.  Hist,  and  Class'n  Fishes,  11,  194,  328,  1839  (j)ennanti=: 
lagoeephalnt), 

rhysoganUr,  MUllkb,  Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin,  252,  1830  (1841)  (lunam);  name  pre- 
occupied. 

<ta»trophysu8,  MUllbr,  Wiegniann'n  Arohiv,ix,  1843, 330  {liinari»). 

Lfi  Promecoeephalet  [Promeeoeephalus),  BiDRuN,  Kevue  de  Zoologie,  270, 1855  (argentatui). 

'Mrodon,  Gill,  Cat.  Fish.  East  Coast  N.  A.,  15, 1873  {Icevigatus) ;  not  of  LiNNiGUS,  oh  ]iro|i- 
erly  restricted. 

Body  comparatively  elongate;  skin  smooth  or  variously  prickly,  the 
prickles  most  developed  on  tho  abdomen;  abdomen  capable  of  very  great 
iutlation.  Dorsal  and  aual  rather  long,  falcate,  of  12  to  1.5  rays  each; 
caudal  lunate.  Nostril  without  distinct  papilla,  each  one  with  2  diHtinet 
cponings;  mucous  tubes  on  upper  part  of  head  and  on  sides  of  body  very 
conspicuous.  Lower  side  of  tail  with  a  fold.  Species  reaching  a  rather 
lirge  size,  chieily  tropical,  one  of  them,  Lagocephalus  lagocephahts  L.,  reach- 
ing the  coasts  of  southern  Europe.  Vertebra"  in  increased  number  (about 
x  + 13=21).  The  increased  number  of  vertebra^  and  of  rays  in  the  vorti- 
cal fins  mark  a  transition  toward  the  allied  family,  Chonei'hinidw,  in  which 
there  are  about  29  vertebriu,  the  dorsal  rays  about  35,  the  anal  30.  {\<xyo?, 
hare;  neiltaX-i^,  head,  from  the  incisor  teeth.) 


((.  Body  elongate;  head  3^  in  length;  depth  4|. 
aa.  Body  stout ;  head  2§  in  length ;  depth  3}. 


li^VIOATCS,  2143. 
PACHVCBPHALUS,  2144. 


:'i 


1728  Bulletin  47,  Unilcd  S/o/ri  National  Museum. 


I 


1141.  I.Afl04'KIMIAI.I  N  LKYKUTI  N  (LIniiii  iih). 

(Smooth  I'ikkkh.) 

HoikI  3|;  (Inptli  M.  Ii.  lt;A.  11'.  Ky«)  largo,  Hilvnry,  L' in  Miiout.  Hodv 
rloiigiitu,  tuil  Hluixlor,  ii  fold  of  Hkiii  011  itH  luwur  <mI^o  on  imch  hMu.  Int«<r 
orltitikl  Himcfl  flat,  HhorttT  than  Hnout,  \\  in  «yv.  Itully  i'ov«>iu«l  wltli  largr, 
Nnbu<|ual,  It-rooted  Hpinea,  w<«ll  Hnparatod,  no  Miniillcr  oii«!H  intorniixod ;  liatk 
iindHidflH  HHionth.  Gill  opi'nin);  midway  botwutniHiiont  11  lul  front  of  dorHii! 
DoiNnl  iind  ami)  linH  tiir^o  and  lalrate,  the  lant  rayH  rapidly  Hhortcnt-il : 
height  of  dornal  1}  in  head;  oandiil  lin  Innate,  the  hmgOHt  ray  M  in  li«>a<l. 
Olive  green  ultuvr,  nideH  and  helow  liiHtroMH  Hilvcry  white;  no  diHtiiirl 
niarkingit.  liCngthli  feet.  ('ape(!od  to  Hrn/il;  ruinnionHonthward;  riitlitT 
rar<<  nortli  of  Capo  llatteras.     (hiviyntiit,  Hniootlied.) 

Ottraeion  cathHoiilaUo  ublonijut,  Aicricni,  rii'iiorn  I'iMr.,  |{(<iniii  fiS,  Hju'cleit  1.1,  173R;  urt<'i 

ihrhi*  lagoei'phaluK,  Orkw,  ctf. 
THroiUm  hrvigatuit,  Linn.kcs,  SyHt.  Xiit.,  VA.  mi,  III,  1700,  Charleiton,  South  Carolina 

(Coll.  Dr.  <ianl.'n) ;  (irNiHEH,  Cat.,  vni,  •.'74,  IM70. 
Tetrodon  curvun,  .Mrrciin.i.,  Traim.  Lit.  iiiid  I'IiIIoh.  Soo.,i,  1810, 474,  New  York;  ymiiiK. 
Tetrotlim  viathemalicii*,  MiTcnii.i,,  Trniis.  Lit.  iinil  I'hiluB.  Soc,  i,  1HI5. 474,  New  York. 
Uolaeanlhns  vielanothut,  (iitoNow,  SyHt.  Nut.,  £tl.  Gray,  24, 1H54,  Carolina  ;  liitHud  on  Tflra- 

odon  laiiHgatHii  of  Liiiniciis. 
Tetrodon  lineiilaUtt,  I'oEV,  SyiiopHis,  432, 1808,  Cuba;  youKg. 
Lagoeephaliii  lii'viualuii,  ,Jim\)AS  Sc  (iii.iiBit'r,  HyiioimiH,  800,  1883;  Jordan  &  Kuwakh.-^ 

Troo.  U.  8.  Niit.  Miia.  1880, 232. 


I 


8144.  LAOOrEIMIAMIN  PAniirRPIIALrN  (Itanxani). 

(JUU-FIMH.) 

ilead  2ft;  depth  3.1;  eye  31.  D.  14;  A.  13;  P.  17.  lin.  ..avy,  taperiny 
from  middle  of  hfiid  backward;  Hnout  blnnt;  length  of  Ciindal  p<>duni'ic 
equal  to  head  in  front  of  midtllo  of  pupil.  Vertical  diameter  of  eye  i  of 
liorizontal  diameter.  Intororbital  npace  sliglitly  «'oncave,  2  iu  distance 
from  end  of  snout  to  middle  of  pupil;  diHtaiice  between  eyes  equnl  to 
snout.  Oill  opening  vertical,  hroaderthan  base  of  pectoral.  Nuchal  <tohh 
line  of  mucous  pores  halfway  between  snout  and  origin  of  dorsal,  and  i 
the  distance  to  base  «tf  caudal.  Dormil  and  anal  alike  and  opposite,  both 
somewhat  falcate,  the  la,st  ray  altout  4 J  in  bnigest,  which  is  1ft  in  head; 
pectoral  very  broad,  the  margin  oblique,  slightly  sinuous,  lowest  ray  '} 
longcHt,  which  is  as  long  as  snout,  2  in  head,  the  fifth  ray  from  bottom 
shortcHt.  Upper  and  lower  rays  of  caudal  slightly  ])roduced,  middle  liiys 
even,  upper  lobe  larger,  as  long  as  caudal  peduncle,  1|  in  head;  folds  on 
lower  part  of  side  of  tail  extending  forward  and  meeting  on  chin,  a  very 
slight  f(dd  on  each  side  of  tail  above.  Small,  embedded,  3-rooted  spincH 
on  the  belly  between  tlie  lateral  ridges,  not  extending  on  to  chin  nor  to 
vent,  skin  otherwise  perfectly  smooth.  Liues  of  mucous  pores  as  iu  Lnt/o- 
cephalua  Iwvigatus;  4  short  liues  inclosing  a  quadrangular  ari^a  behind  the 
eye,  from  the  anterior  corners  of  which  extends  a  line  surrounding  the  eye, 
the  posterior  inner  corners  connected  by  the  nuchal  line,  the  lateral  line 
extending  from  the  posterior  outer  corner.    Lateral  line  extending  directly 


Jordan  and  F.vfnnann, — Fislu's  of  North  America,     1720 


Kickwunl  till  iifliirly  oven  with  the  dnrial  tin,  then  rnrviuK  ilownwurtl 
ml  oxtoiidiii^  itlouK  iiilildio  of  thr«  tiiil  to  haN*>  of  rumlal.  Culor  in  nlco- 
'ml,  Hilvory,  olivu  »))ov»,  tlouilM*!  with  iliirk  olivo,  \\  fniiit  ){r««aiiih-oIivn 
;ir)-a  ttlon^  Hidt-H;  lower  part  of  iiitl<>  niivi^ry;  holow  whito.  ThiH  npmiioH 
(iillorH  front  l.iigoreithahiH  loilfiatux  in  the  rohnnt  body  with  Hhort  ciindiil 
|cdim<'l<s  tho  nH'n'lyoniiirginutu  nmdul  tin,  und  tho  nhiipn  of  thn  )HM>toral. 
Wost  Indltm  to  Itrii/il;  not  common.  Iloro  di'acrlhod  from  2  Hp«cini«*nH, 
v  inolms  loiiK,  from.Iiimaici»((!oll.  .I,S.  Uohorts).  (ff-a^r?,  thick;  HuSirXt'f, 
,  '-ad.) 

I ,  tioiliin  iiaehiiefiilialun,  IIan/.ani,  Nov,  (?oiniii.  Ai\  Scl.  Iimt.  Iloiion,,  iv,  1H40,  7:i,  pi.  It, 

ItK.  2.  Brazil. 
1. iKjiieephalim  paehniuiihaliii,, fiilWAti  &  IUttI'KH,  TriM-.  Ac  Nat.  S<|.  riilla.  tHI)7,  VM. 


&.    KUWAIIDS 


678.  SPHEROIDBS,  I.act'prdc. 

(SWKI.L-KIHHKS.) 

I  iH  iphfrnida,  LAri::pi;nK,  fTlnt.  \at.  l'oiMM.,ii,  1, 17118  (Fninoli  nnmo  only;  tiihtreuU). 
Siihfriiiil*»,  I>cmi^:rii„  /<N)li)t;io  Analytiiiue,  :i42,  1800  (tubtrculatui    tpengleri,  from  n  ilru'v- 

iiiK  hIiowIiik  a  front  viinv). 
ihliiihiH,  llwishMitw.,  Anal.vHo  ilti  lu  Xntiiro,  on,   181.'>  (Hulmtitiito  for  Lft  i/thirold**, 

f,A(|-.l'l.l»K). 

>iih<i'r<iiile$,  La(;ki'KI)K,  I'illot  Kdltion,  IIiHt.  Nnt,  PoUh,,  vi,  270, 18.11,  (/(/b«rci(<aMi«  -«j>«t»- 

ijlfri). 
r//TAt«omi/Ji,  SWAINSON,  Nut.  Hist.  CIumh'ii  FUIu^h,  n,  104,  :i28,  1H:I9  («;»■»{;(«'»'). 
(  hiiUfhtlniii,  Mri.l.KK,  Ahhandl.  Akail    AUh.  Itfrlln,  2.VJ,  IHIIO  (1841)  (teittHiUnfiii). 
Ihdacanthui,  Ghosow,  i^yst.  Xnt.,  Kd.  (ifiiy,  211,  18.54  (invliiilcH  all  TetrodontUiue  and  Pio- 

doiUithf) ;  name  pronocupicd. 
Aiiehitotium,  Kaitc  MS.,  ItKiiAKOHON,  Voyawe  Ilitrald,  16fl,  162,  IS.II  (niientjleii,  etc.). 
I.fn  Htfnometope*  (StiiiometopuD),  Uiukon,   Kcviik  du  /oolo{;ie  IBi'iS,  270  {tfutiidiiieiin);  n» 

diaKnortis. 
A I'ltieephalitt,  lIoLl.ARU,  l^.tudeH  Miir  Ion  (iyninodontoH,  .T24.  XHIST  (tfnttuUneu*,  ntc..). 

Itody  oblonj^,  not  elonj^rntc ;  Hkhi  varionnly  prickly  or  Hniooth,  Honictinios 
with  <;irri.  A  Hingle,  Hhort,  Hiniplo  nasal  tnhc  «tn  each  sidu,  with  2 
rather  large  openin^H  near  itH  tip.  Dorsal  and  anal  iinH  short,  little  fal- 
ciito,  of  6  to  8  rays  each;  caudal  truncate  or  rounded,  rarely  slightly  con- 
cave. Vertebra^  8+10^18.  Frontal  bones  expanded  Hidowisc  and  form- 
in;;  the  lateral  roof  of  the  orbit,  tho  postfrontals  limited  to  thu  poHtorior 
portions.  Kpecies  nnnierous,  in  warm  seas;  largely  Araeri>'an.  Our  spo- 
cies  represent  2  well  marked  subgenera,  the  extremes  of  which  appear 
very  ditlercnt  from  each  other  so  far  as  the  skulls  an^  concerned.  Some 
i>f  tlie  typical  species  of  Sphcroidvs  approach  CanthigoHtcr  in  the  narrow- 
iitHS  of  the  frontal  area,  (ds'xrifioi,  sphere;  e^So?,  resemblance;  the  genus 
based  on  a  front  view,  in  which  the  fish  was  represented  as  spherical.) 

."^I-HBUOIDES: 

a.  Skull  very  narrow  above,  the  interorbital  area  more  or  less  concave,  2}  to  6}  tiinon 
in  the  length  of  the  long  auout,  5  to  12  tinion  in  head;  Hidex  of  body  usually  with 
small  dermal  Haps. 
b.  Interorbital  area  very  deeply  concave,  chauueMiko.in  the  adult,  sliKhtly  con- 
cave in  the  young. 


i'\ 


i 

ilHIii'pi 

'£ 

:,'   '■'; 

UBiw'^ 


.-1^^ 

U' 


.^i 


1730         DuUctin  ^7,  C/«/V<  i  States  National  Museum. 


e.  Book  and  belly  without  prickles  in  tbo  adnit;  2  rather  largo  dormal ''aim 

behind  bead,  1  on  each  .^iiio;  coloration  nearly  uniform,  tbo  flideH  of 

belly  with  or  without  dark  blotches.  anch'sticeI'S,  2145. 

ee.  Hack  and  belly  more  or  le»s  prickly;  dorsal  cirri  Hinul'.cr  and  i'urt'ier 

apart,  often  wanting;  color  not  uniform,  tbo  sides  with  a  series  ol' 

round  dark  blotches ;  tbo  back  green,  mottled  or  spotted  with  maroon 

and  sky  bl.jo.  lohatus,  214(i. 

6b.  Intororbital  space  flat  or  moderately  concave;  no  dorsal  flaps;  sides  with  v. 

seiii's  of  about  12  black  blotches  or  bars  bounding  pale  color  of  abdomen; 

bac^k  without  curved  cross  streaks;  upper  ray  of  caudal  prcKluccd. 

d.  Sides  of  bead  and  body  always  smooth  except  nonuitimes  a  strip  behind 

pectorals;  spines  larger,  higher,  moro  stellate,  widrr  apart  than  in 

Sphcroideg  9n(iri(toti(«,  irregularly  placed  and  often  wholly  wanting; 

side!*  usually  with  small  dermal  slips  or  Haps,  especially  in  the  young; 

bli  ck  blottthes  on  sides  nearly  round ;  <'audal  with  a  broad  dusky  bar 

on  base  and  tip.  spbnoi.kui,  2147. 

dd.  Sides  of  head  ai.'>i  body  always  ])ri<'kly,  aa  is  the  back  from  upper  lip  ^o 

base  of  dorsal;  belly  prickly,  the  prickles  all  similar,  small,  H-rooted, 

stiff  and  close  sot,  never  obsolete;  no  cirri:  back  with  dark  spots; 

black  blotches  on  sides  forming  short  oblique  cross  bars,  those  behind 

pectoral  moat  couspicuous;  caudal  nearly  plain,  darker  at  tip. 

f-.  Color  dark  brown,  with  bbu^k  blotches;  a  series  of  about  a  do/.oii 

irregular  black  spots  along  under  side.  MACUI.ATUS,  2148. 

ee.  Color  dark,  olivaceous  above;  biack  blotches  on  lower  part  of  sides 

in  the  form  of  short,  oblique  cross  bars.         makmoratus,  2149. 

CHEILICHTHTS  (x«'Aos,  lip ;  Ix^vt,  flab)  : 
aa.  Skull  very  broad  above,  the  interorbital  space  broad,  flatfish,  or  very  little  concave, 
its  width  more  thaa  )  snout  aud  2|  to  4  in  head;  sides  with  no  series  of  dark 
blotches  bounding  the  line  of  belly. 
e.  Caudal  fin  rounded  or  subtruncate;  back  and  sides  with  many  small  irregular 
black  spots ;  no  series  of  larger  blotches  bounding  the  edge  of  the  belly. 
/.  Dark  shades  on  back,  broad,  appearing  as  tbo  ground  color  and  crossed  by 
pale  curved  cross  bars  and  streaks  forming  arcs  of  concentric  circles; 
these  sometimes  broken  by  reticulations,  everywhere  profusely  spotted 
with  black  in  adult:  body  rather  sparsely  prickly  above  aud  below  or 
sometimes  entirely  smooth. 
g.  Interorbital  t,pae,o  moderate,  slightly  concave ;  snout  somewhat  pro- 
duced, the  eye  a  little  behind  middle  of  liead ;   pale  markings 
usually  irregular,  not  forming  continuous  arcs. 

TKSTCDINKDS,  2150. 

gg.  Interorbital  area  very  broad,  nearly  flat;  snout  short  and  bluntish, 

tiiij  eye  nearly  midway  in  head;  pale  markings  comparatively 

regular,  forming  distinct  area.  ANNIILATU.S,  2151. 

//.  Dark  shades  on  back  "  \  i)earing  as  bars  and  spots  on  a  pale  ground  color, 

the  pale  areas  foiiuing  more  or  le.<>s  distinct  concentric  streaks;  the 

dark  areas  above  large  bbn;k  confluent  blotches  which  form  above 

curved  streaks  and  cross  bars,  irregular  and  variable  but  aborply 

marked;  interorbital  space  very  broad  and  slightly  convex;  back  and 

belly  prickly.  Formosus,  2152. 

ee.  Caudal  fin  lunate  or  truncate,  with  the  angles  acute  or  produced. 

h.  Dorsal  rays  8;  body  more  or  less  prickly,  above  and  below. 

i.  Color  brownish  above  with  irregular  grayish  spots,  and  sc^i.etimos 
dark  cross  bands;  eye  e<iual  to  interorbital  width,    furthf,  215;i. 
a.  Color  brownish  above,  .'eruiiculated  with  paler;  eye  broader  tlmn 
interorbital  space  (in  young  of  4  inches).    teichocepiiai.,us,  2154. 
hh.  Dorsal  rays  10.    Body  (in  a'  ult)  everywhere  perfectly  smooth;  inter- 
orbital space  broad,  equal  to  snout  and  twice  diameter  of  eye, 
brown,  with  darker  spots  Above.  FACHVaASTEB,  2155. 


,^iii 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1731 


lormal  ''ajiH 
lio  HiileH  ot 
ricKi'S,  2145. 
iml  lurt'ier 
a  aories  ol 
ritli  maroni] 
UATUS,  214(i. 
lilies  witli  i: 
if  abdomen ; 
ced. 

itrip  behitid 
art  than  in 
ly  wanting: 
I  theyuung; 
d  duskj'  bar 
«(ii.KKi,2147. 
ipper  lip  to 
nil,  ;i-rooto(l, 
dark  H])otH; 
1)080  behind 
ttip. 

unt  a  dn7,on 
IIATUH,  2148. 
part  <j>' Hides 
iRATUS,  2141). 

tie  concave, 
iries  of  dark 

nil  irregular 
the  belly. 
1  crossed  by 
trie  eircles ; 
ely  spotted 
d  below  or 


Subgenus  SPHEROIDES. 

2146.  SPHEROIDES  ANGUSTICEPS  (Jenyns). 

Head  2\\  depth  3J  (wLen  not  inflated).  D.  8;  A.  7.  Body  compara- 
tively eionj^ate,  the  snont  very  long,  concave  iu  prolUo,  a  little  longer  than 
lost  of  head;  eye  largo,  2  to  3  in  Hnotit.  A  well-marked  pair  of  small 
ilermal  Haps,  black  in  color,  1  on  each  side  of  median  line  of  back,  behind 
I  ho  occiput,  and  just  behind  gill  opening,  the  two  close  t<)geth«'r;  inter- 
(ibital  area  very  narrow,  deeply  concave,  channol-like,  not  so  broad  as 
cvrt,  the  width  of  its  bony  part  6.^  in  snont,  about  12  in  head;  snpra- 
(irbital  bono  prominent.  Sides  with  a  few  small  whitish  dermal  cirri  or 
liattish  Haps,  irregnlar  in  size  and  position,  sometimes  wanting;  our  adnit 
txamplcs  (Galapagos  Islands)  entirely  smooth,  the  skin  everywhere 
loiijih  velvety;  nostrils  tnbular,  with  2  lateral  openings  near  the  summit. 
Caudal  gently  rounded,  the  middle  rays  longest;  a  slight  trace  of  fold  on 
ciiudal  poduuclo;  pectoral  broad,  rounded,  the  npper  rays  longest.  Skin 
on  back  and  sides  tending  to  form  oblique  lengthwise  wrinkles.  Color  of 
adult,  dark  smoky  gray,  nearly  tmiform,  the  belly  scarcely  pale ;  bsise  of 
fius  dusky ;  no  trace  of  lateral  blotches.  Pacific  coast,  from  La  Paz  to  the 
(Jalapagos  Islands;  rather  rare.  Here  described  from  2  adult  examples  (9 
and  10  inches  long)  from  Chatham  Island  of  the  Galapagos.  One  of  these 
lias  the  eye  larger,  the  snout  shorter,  and  the  interovbital  space  much 
deeper  than  the  other,  a  difference  perhaps  sexual.  Both  are  uniformly 
colored  and  without  prickles,     (antjitsliia,  narrow;  ccps,  head.) 

Tctrodnn  angu»ticepg,  Jenyns,  Voyage  Beagle,  Fishes,  154,  pi.  28, 1842,  Galapagos  Islands 
(Coll.  Charles  Darwin);  large  specimens  in  poor  condition,  the  skin  not  nrickly; 
(;i:NTHER,Cat.,  vui,  287,  1870;  JOKDAN  &  (iiLiiEUT,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mu8. 1882,  631. 

Arichisomus  angiigticejiii,  ItiCHAHDsoN,  Voyage  ilerald,  Fisbcs,  159,  1854. 

Siihceroides  anguitici'ps,  Jordan  &.  Edwards,  I.  c,  236. 


^vl 


^ewhat  pro- 
markings 

llNKnS,2150. 

]d  bluntish, 
iparatively 

|ATns,215i. 
tund  color, 
ireaks;  the 
>mi  above 
lit  abarply 
;  back  and 
psus,  2152. 


BO'^iotimps 

Irthi,  2153. 

lader  than 

u.DS,  2154. 

|tb;  inter- 

of  eye, 

bTEB,  2156. 


2146.  SPHEROIDES  LOBATUS  (Steindachner). 

(BOTETE.) 

Tload  about  3;  depth  about  4;  eye  moderate,  about  5  in  hesid.  D.  7;  A. 
7.  Gener.'J  form  of  Spheroides  angiisticeps,  the  body  elongate,  the  head 
long,  the  long  snout  2  in  head,  its  profile  concave;  interorbital  space  nar- 
row, deeply  concave,  the  width  of  its  bony  portion  4  to  5  in  snout,  7  to  10 
ill  head;  nostrils  small,  papilliform,  each  with  2  openings,  essentially  as 
in  Spheroides  apengleri ;  a  slight  trace  of  fold  on  caudal  peduncle;  black 
post-nuchal  dermal  flaps  sometimes  present,  these  farther  apart  than  in 
S.angu8tice2)8,  and  often  wanting;  sides  with  fiattish  dermal  flaps,  pale  in 
color,  rather  numerous,  but  irregularly  scattered.  A  rhombic  saddle  of 
sharp  2-rooted  spines  on  back,  from  nape  to  behind  gill  opening,  thence 
hack  to  near  front  of  dorsal;  a  small  patch  in  posterior  part  of  gill  open- 
ing ;  belly  velvety,  with  rather  sharp,  partly  embedded  spines  from  throat 
to  vent;  head,  sides,  and  caudal  peduncle  without  spines.  Caudal  short, 
rounded,  1^  in  head;  dorsal  small;  pectoral  broad  truncate,  the  upper 
rays  scarcely  longer  than  the  lower.    Color  dark  green,  usually  bright, 


\i 


m 

I  ^»'  ;-■ 

1  -.V ; 


1 


WM 


1732  Bnlletin  /7,  Ihiitcd  States  National  Museum. 


■t 


with  many  irregular,  small,  well-deflnod,  bluish  and  maroon-colored  Hpots 
above;  a  row  of  siiiall,  diffuHe  blackish  blotcbes  along  lower  part  of  sidcH 
of  bead  and  body,  some  faint  dark  clouds  above;  a  dark  blotch  at  biiHo  ot 
pectoral  and  of  caudal.  Gulf  of  California  to  the  Galapagos;  coininou 
in  shallow  water  about  Mazatlan,  the  largest  example  seen  10  inches  long. 
from  Albatrois  Station  3006.  In  this  the  dermal  Haps  are  obsolete.  In  I 
from  La  Paz  these  flaps  are  as  distinct  as  in  Srthiroides  angiiaticepa,  bul 
farther  apart.  Some  from  Panama  have  the  sides  of  bead  and  body 
prickly.  There  is  considerable  variation  in  other  respects.  The  species 
may  prove  insepar.-ible  irom  Sphtroulea  anguaiireps,  representing  the  younjj. 
the  other  the  extreme  of  adult  variation,  (lobatua,  lobud,  from  the  lateral 
daps.) 

Canthogaaterl  lobatxm,  Steindachnkb, Ichthyol.  Notlzeii.,  x,  18,  pi.  v,  llg.  3, 1870,  Altata. 
Spheroides  (oba(u«,  Jordan,  Fishes  of  Sinaloa,  in  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1805, 490. 

2147.  SPIIRROIDES  NPEXGLRKI  (niocli). 

(Southern  Puffer ;  Swell  Toad;  Tambor.) 

Heads.  D.  7;  A.  G.  Head  compressed,  narrow ;  interorbital  space  very 
slightly  concave,  or  flattish  with  a  slight  median  ridge,  narrow,  about, 
^  as  broad  as  eye,  its  width  5  to  6  in  head,  2|  to  3  in  snout,  which  is  2  in 
head;  profile  of  snout  not  steep.  Body  variously  prickly,  sometinirs 
smooth,  usually  a  pat<'h  of  minute  spines  from  occiput  halfway  to  dorsal 
fin;  belly  spinous  to  near  the  vent;  skin  of  h(?ad,  tail,  and  most  of  the 
skin  of  the  sides  smooth  ;  sides  usujilly  with  snuill  dermal  cirri,  especially 
in  the  young,  these  not  very  conspicuous.  Young  examples  have  Ihr 
back  .ind  belly  covered  Avith  rather  large,  not  close  set,  stellate  prickles 
as  described  in  the  original  account  of  Tetvodon  nephehis.  Of  the  largei 
individuals,  some  have  prickles  only  on  the  back,  others  on  the  belly  only ; 
1  or  2  only  on  a  small  area  behind  the  eyes  near  the  median  line,  while  tlit^ 
majority  of  the  hii'gest  are  entirely  smooth.  There  is  no  doubt  that  these 
all  belong  to  one  species.  The  loss  of  the  prickles  is  pi'obably  to  souh' 
extent  dependj-nt  on  age.  Adult  olive  brown,  with  numerous  small  light- 
bluish  or  greenish  spots  everywhere,  many  of  them  forming  ocelli  nrouinl 
darker  spots  of  the  ground  color;  numerous  scattered  black  spots  as  laigc 
as  th(f  pupil,  one  in  axil  below  most  distinct;  some  obscure  dark  spots 
along  sides  of  belly,  this  region  beting  ilesh  color,  with  pale  rivulations; 
]>ectoi'als  yellowish;  caudal  pale,  usually  with  2  dusky  shades.  Y(»unu', 
gray  and  olive  above,  nmch  mottled  with  blackish;  back  with  numerous 
irregular  blue  spots;  Iris  coppery,  the  pupil  green:  belly  Avhite,  grayish 
brown  along  the  sides;  12  round  blackish  spots  along  the  boundary 
between  sides  and  beily;  a  whitish  bar  at  base  of  ciiud.al;  caudal  with  L' 
bars  of  blackish  olive  and  1  of  white;  other  fins  plain;  back  and  sides 
with  whitish  cirri.  West  Indies,  very  conniion,  ranging  north  to  coast  of 
Texas  and  western  Florida,  south  to  Rio  Janeiro  and  to  the  Madeiras  and 
Canaries;  the  most  widely  distriliuted  species  of  the  family.  Length  1 
foot.  (Named  for  Mr.  Spongier,  of  Copenhagen,  who  sent  the  type 
specimen  to  Bloch.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1733 


r 


Tifroilonupcnpleri,  Bi.ocii,  Ichtliynlogia,  1,135,  jil.  144,  1782,  East  Indies;  OCnthkr, (.'at., 
VIII,  284. 1870,  I'oEY.Enumenitlo.  17;},  187.1;  .loKDAN  &•  Gimikrt,  S,viio|iHi«,081, 188:i. 

LeTetrodimplumier,  Lackim^.DB,  Uist.  Nat.  I'oisH.,  I,  504,  1707,  Martinique;  ou  a  drawing 
l)y  Plumiek. 

/,(•  Spheroide  tuhi-rcule,  LACfcl'fcUK,  Iliat.  Nut.  roL-is.,  ii,  1, 1708,  Martinique ;  on  a  front- view 
drawins  by  I'LUMIEU. 

rilrodonplumieri,  liLocH  &.  Schneider,  Syst.Iclith.,  508,1801,  Martinique;  after  Lack- 
i'i':uE. 

SliliitroUies  tuberctilatits,  IMllot  Edition  of  Laeep^do,  vi,  270, 1831,  Martinique. 

Iitioilonturgidus,  I'oev,  Synopsis,  432, 1808,  Cuba;  not  of  MnciilLL. 

letrodon  nephelu*,  (iOOI)E&  Bean,  I'roi'.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882,  412,  Indian  River  and  Pensa- 
cola,  Florida  (Types,  No.  31427  and  31428  from  Indian  River  (Coli.  U.  Edward  Eurll) 
and  26570  (CoU.  Silas  Stearns)) ;  .Tokda.v  A^  (iILIIRKT,  SynopMin,  !>36, 1883. 

Tilrodon  tunjidus  ne])hehis,  Jurdan  &.  (Jiliikkt,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882,  300. 

Siiheruidei  ipetujleri,  Joud^vn  &.  Euwauus,  I.  c,  237. 

214H.  KPIIKROIDKH  MA('VI.ATi:8  (liloch  &  .Seliiieider). 

(PuKFEU;  Swell  Toau;  Ui.owkr.) 

Hea<l  2J;  depth  3;  oye  small,  9  in  head;  iiiterorl»ital  width  3A;  Hnout  IJ. 
J).  7;  A.  (5;  C.  7.  Body  abuut  as  wide  as  deep  when  not  inlluted;  inter* 
(iil)ital  space  somewhat  concave;  profile  not  very  steep,  depressed  in  front 
III'  eyes.  Sides  of  head  and  body  always  prickly,  as  is  the  back  from  upper 
lip  to  base  of  dorsiil;  belly  prickly  from  lower  lip  to  vent;  prickles  all 
HJiailar,  small,  mostly  3-rooted,  stiff  and  close  set,  rather  largest  posteriorly 
on  back  and  belly,  never  obsolete;  sides  without  cirri.  Caudal  slightly 
rounded.  Color  dark  olivaceous  above,  somewhat  marbled  and  dotted 
with  black;  black  blotches  on  lower  part  of  sides  in  the  form  of  short 
iross  bars,  somewhat  oblique,  the  first  one  behind  pectoral  most  conspic- 
uous; caudal  fin  plain  or  nearly  so,  the  tip  darker.  Close  to  Sj)hei-oi(leH 
upcngleri,  the  spines  smaller,  closer  together  and  never  wanting;  no  cirri. 
Length  6  to  10  inches.  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States,  from  Cape 
Aim  to  Florida;  very  common  northward,  replacing  the  closely  allied  .S'. 
Hpaxjleri.  The  only  species  of  the  genus  common  outside  the  Tropics. 
{maculatus,  spotted.) 

Tiiadfish,  ScH()PF,  Beol)acht.  Gesellscli.  Naturf.  Freunde,  vni,  189,  1788,  Long  Island. 
I'etrodon  hispidus,  var.  viacnlaUii,  Hloch   <fc  Schneider,  Syst.  Iclitli.,  504,  1801,  Long 

Island ;  after  Schupf. 
letrodon  tunjidus,  Mitchill,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Pliil.  See,  i,  1815,  473,  i>l.  5,  f.  5,  New  York  ; 

GDntheh,  Cat.,  vni,  285;  Jordan  &.  Gilbeht,  Synopsis,  861,  1883. 
Siiheroide$  maculatus,  Jordan  &.  Edwards,  I,  c,  238. 


2149.  SPHEROIDES  MARNORATUS  (Kanzani). 

(Spiny-back  Blow-fish.) 

Head  2f ;  depth  4;  eye  ih  in  head ;  snout  long,  1|  in  head.  D.  7;  A.  6;  P. 
11.  Outline  of  head  concave  in  front  of  oye ;  eye  full  and  high,  its  distance 
above  a  line  drawn  from  corner  of  mouth  to  upper  base  of  pectoral  equal 
to  its  longitudinal  diameter.  Interorbital  space  very  narrow,  grooved,  its 
width  equal  to  that  of  pupil.  Nostrils  at  end  of  a  tube,  situated  about 
e(iually  distant  from  end  of  snout  and  posterior  edj^e  of  eye.    Gill  opening 


f**,.:? 


I'", ' 


1734  BitUctin  4"/,  United  States  National  Museum. 

equal  to  baso  of  pectoral,  but  higher.  Length  of  caudal  peduncle  frntu 
anal  2  in  head.  Length  of  head  equal  to  k  of  diKtance  in  from  (  f 
dorsal.  Posterior  rays  of  dorsal  H  iii  longest,  wliicli  are  2^  in  head. 
Pectoral  very  broad,  folding  fan-like,  the  niurgins  scalloped,  broad  I  \ 
rounded,  lowest  ray  1*  in  upper,  which  is  2J  in  head.  Caudal  fin  8li;;liily 
longer  than  the  distance  of  its  base  from  dorsal,  its  rays  all  of  in\\\\\\ 
length,  if  in  head.  Prickles  on  ventral  surface  between  chin  and  vtsut, 
extending  on  side  of  head  in  front  of  pectoral  fin,  on  side  behind  pectoral 
fin  to  vertical  from  dorsal,  above  from  nostrils  to  tlorsal;  only  the  snout, 
axil  of  pectoral,  and  caudal  peduncle  naked.  Lateral  line  very  faini, 
extending  obliciuely  upward  from  side  of  snout  under  eye,  then  backwaid, 
curving  slightly  downward  under  dorsal,  most  distinct  on  side  of  tail. 
Color  in  alcohol,  above  v(Ty  dark  brown,  with  black  blotches,  the  sides 
lighter,  with  very  pale  reticulations,  a  series  of  about  a  dozen  irregular 
black  spots  along  lower  side;  bolow  white;  caudal  slightly  dusky,  wiili 
no  indications  of  bars;  other  fins  colorless.  This  species  diflVrs  from 
Spheroides  spenghri  in  tlie  high  and  prominent  eye,  the  very  narrow  iut(  r- 
orbital,  the  strongly  concave  outline  of  snout,  the  extensive  distribntidu 
of  prickles,  and  in  color.  West  Indies  to  Brazil;  our  Hpecimens  collected 
at  Kingston,  .Jamaica,  by  Kev.  Joseph  8.  Roberts,    (niarmoratus,  ni   il»lcd.) 

Tetrodon  mannoratus,  Kanzani,  Nov.  Comiu.  Ac.  Sci.  Inst.,  lioiioii.,  iv,  1840,  7'J,  jil.  iii, 

11^.  1,  Brazil. 
Spheroides  marmoiatut,  Juhdan  &  Kuttkb,  Proo.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  riiila.  1807, 129. 


§1  ^ 


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Subgenus  CHEILICHTHYS,  Miiller. 
2150.  8PHEI10IDKS  TK8Ti;i)INKIJS  (Linuiuus). 

(TAMBOU;  GLOKE  FISH.) 

Head  3;  snout  moderately  long,  2  in  head;  eye  small,  about  7A  in  bead, 
nearer  gill  opening  than  end  of  snout;  intcrorbital  width  4  in  head.  D.S; 
A.  6;  skin  of  back  from  nape  to  before  dorsal  fin  covered  with  small, 
sjtarsely  set  prickles;  belly  from  throat  to  anal  with  prickles  which  aic 
rather  large  and  closely  set;  axil  usually  prickly ;  these  prickles  rarely 
wanting  or  obscured;  sides  sometimes  with  cirri.  Back  dark  olivaceous, 
with  whitish  curved  lines  and  streaks  paler  than  tlie  ground  color,  tiuse 
streaks  usually  arrangt^d  as  follows:  a  circle  or  rhomb  on  the  middle  of 
back,  in  front  of  dorsal  fin,  this  surrounded  by  an  elliiiae,  the  ollijise 
sometimes  broken  up  by  cross  streaks;  before  this  3  or  4  cross  streaks 
extending  downward  and  backward,  the  one  at  the  nape  and  the  one 
behind  the  eyes  connected  on  the  median  line;  back  and  sides  with  many 
irregular,  round,  blackish  spots  of  different  sizes;  a  dark  bar  at  l)a8e  of 
pectoral;  caudal  dusky  at  base,  then  pale,  the  posterior  i  blackish;  skull 
not  very  broad,  the  intcrorbital  area  somewhat  concave,  the  prefrontal 
grooves  narrow.  West  Indies;  very  common;  occasionally  ascondiuj; 
rivers;  ranging  occasionally  northward  in  the  Gulf  Stream  as  far  as  New- 
port, {testudineus,  lilici  a  turtle,  Tesfiulo,  from  the  form  of  the  jaws;  "orbis 
oblongus  teatudinis  capite"  of  Clusius.) 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1735 


xHtraeion  oblongu»  ylaher,  Artepi,  Genera  riHciiiin,  j;enii8  60, 1738;  after  Clusids,  Will- 

uiiiiiiY,  etc.,  Balk,  Aniocn.  Arml.,  i,  5S»l,  17J1». 
Orbit  ItrrU  varie(jatii»  (tlic  (ilolie  Fish),  Catksiiv,  Nut.  IliHt.  Ciiri)Iiiii(,  pi.  28, 1743,  Virginia. 
Mraoilim  tettudineun,  Lin.n.kus,  .Kyst.  Nut.,  K<1.  x.:in2, 175H|  hnuvA  imi  Mai.k  anil  .Viitedi. 
.'  Tetimlon  i)unctatut,  Bloch  &  Schneidku,  Syst.  Iclitli.,  500, 1801,  Brazil ;  I'oey,  SyuoiwiH, 

432, 1868. 
Mrodon geometrieun,  BLorii  &  HciiNEinER,  Syst.  Iclitli.,  508, 1801,  Virginia j  alt«'r Catksht. 
yctrodon  amiiuicrnjttnt,  (iOBse,  Nut.  t^ojourn  Ji.inaicu,  287, 1851,  Jamaica. 
AnchUomus  riticulitriii  (Kaii-)  ]£iciiahi)BON,  Voyiige  Herald,  161,  pi.  31, 1854;  not  Tetrodon 

irticularis,   BLOCK    &   Schneider,   which   is*    Tetrodon  tcttudineuit,   Ulocii,  not  uf 

LlNN.Kl'8. 

UolacanthuH  Inonothos,  Gronow,  ("at.  FIhIios,  E«l.  (iriiy,  24,  1H54,  American  Ocean. 
Mrodon  teitttdineun,  GI'ntheh,  (Jut.,  viii,  282,  1870;  PoEY,  Knunicratio,  172,  1872;  .ToRUAX 

&  Gilbert,  .Synopsis,  '^61, 1883. 
Spheroidf*  teatudineus,  JORDAN  &-  KowARUS.i.  c.,2'tU;  Jordan  &  Ruttek,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat. 

.Sci.  rhllu.  1897, 130. 

2151.  SPHKROIDES  ANNIILATUS  *  (Jcnyns). 

Head  3;  depth  4;  eyo  small,  4  to  5  in  head.  1).  8;  A.  7;  interorbital 
space  very  broad,  nearly  Hat,  it8  -width  3^  in  head,  1^  in  snout,  which  is  I'f 
in  head.  Body  robust,  moderately  iutlatable;  the  head  broad  and  short; 
Huout  short,  steop,  and  nearly  straight  in  pi-ofilo;  caudal  subtruncate,  Ijj  in 
iiead;  dorHal  rather  high;  pectoral  broad,  truncate,  the  lower  angle 
rounded,  upper  parts  from  nostrils  to  dorsal  covered  with  small,  sharp 
prickles,  closely  set;  a  few  prickles  on  lower  part  of  cheek  and  on  front 
of  belly;  most  of  belly  smooth  with  longitudinal  wrinkles,  the  Hjtines 
ciuliedded  in  the  thick  skin;  whole  body  souietinies  untiiely  smooth  (poli- 
lii8).  Caudal  peduncle  smooth ;  upper  parts  everywhere  with  small,  round, 
blackish  spots,  much  smaller  than  pupil,  these  most  conspicuous  on  sides 
of  body  and  on  sides  of  head;  ba<k  dark  brown  with  concentric  pale 
rings  and  curved  strejvks  or  sutures;  a  V-shaped  mark  before  dorsal,  an 
ellipse  surrounding  it  extending  Just  before  dor-sal  and  behind  nape;  2 
(lark,  oblique  bars  on  <audal  peduncle,  with  3  corresponding  oblique 
streaks  on  head,  these  markings  loss  distinct  in  old  examples,  the  dark 


Concerning  this  species T>r.  Gilbert  remarks: 

"Spher<rides  annulatu*  \n  \  ery  cIoho  to  ,Si>heroides  tettudineus  of  the  tropical  Atlantic,  dif- 
liM'inj;  probably  in  the  .soniewbut  longer  snout,  the  smaller  size  of  the  black  spots  on  back 
anil  si(Ie8,  and'  the  weaker  ilevelopinent  of  the  Hpinen,  which  rarely  protrude  in  adults. 
'I'lio  only  ditl'erences  which  have  been  alleged  to  separate  politna  from  annulatu*  (heraldi) 
i.s  the  greater  development  of  8])ine8  in  the  latter,  politus  being  described  as  perfectly 
.-iiiiooth.  The  young,  however,  usually  have  evident  spines;  the  pits  which  contain  the 
H))ines  can  always  be  mailn  out  in  adults,  and  the  spines  oecaMionally  protrude,  and  are 
evident  in  specimens  differing  in.no  otlier  respects  from  others  which  are  perfectly  smooth. 
This  is  due  in  part  to  varying  developnu-nts  of  the  spines,  but  is  largely  attributable 
to  (litVerences  in  state  of  preservation  and  degree  of  intlation.  Young  specimens  seem 
always  to  show  the  concentric  light  rings  in  front  of  the  dorsal  fin,  and  the  light  cross 
Itars'on  head  and  nape,  the  latter  extending  downward  and  backward  on  sides.  The 
smallest  ring  is  usually  connected  with  the  one  surrounding  it  by  a  median  line  running 
forward,  and  by  a  cross  streak  on  each  side.  The  dark  areas  are  sometimes  solid  and  uni- 
fonn,  more  frequently  covered  with  .small,  rotuiil,  black  spots,  and  sometimes  divided  by 
reticulating  light-blue  lines  into  small  polygonal  blotches.  The  lower  part  of  the  sidi-s 
is  marked  with  large  black  spots.  Larger  specimens  often  have  this  pattern  of  colora- 
tion indistinct,  adults  showing  back  and  sides  almost  uniformly  covered  with  small  block 
.<pots." 

Among  our  many  B])ecimens  from  Mazatlan  we  find  all  ranges  of  variations,  from  those 
wholly  without  spines  to  those  prickly  above  and  below,  both  kinds  being  taken  in  the 
»ame  haul  of  the  net. 


•11 


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IT' 

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1736         DuUetin  /7,  Unixcd  States  National  Museum. 


spots  becuining  more  marked  as  tbo  pale  streaks  lade  away ;  caudal  iiourl . 
plaiu,  diiHky  buhiud.  LtMigth  IX  iiiehos.  raciiic  coast  of  tropical  Amori<  a  ; 
generally  common  in  saudy  bays  from  Cerros  Island  to  Ecnador;  oiui' 
recorded  from  San  Diego;  representing  the  very  closely  allied  Spheroid,  ^ 
teatudineua  of  the  Atlantic.  Here  described  ttou\  specimens  from  the  Clal;i 
pages,  typical  of  annulatua.  It  is  ])Ossible  that  tlie  species  is  not  i'oall\ 
distinct  from  Spheroides  teatudineua,  but  the  siiont  seems  a  little  sliortn 
than  in  the  latter,  the  head  broader  and  the  ])ale  markings  more  detiuitely 
resembling  couceutrio  ellipses.     {annulaUia,  ringed.) 

Tetrodon  annulatvt,  .Tenvnh,  /ool.  ntMi^lx,  153,  184:!,  Chatham  Island,  Qalapagos  Archi- 
pelago (Coll.  ChiiH.Durwiii);  Stkinuaciinick,  Ichtli.Iiflitr.,  V, '.::),  1874. 

Anehisomua  ifeoinetricu*  (Kaui>)  Kiciiaruson,  Voyage  Herald,  156,  pi.  30, 1804,  Galapagus 
Islands;  not  of  Hloch  &  Schneidkk. 

Tetrodon  heraldi,  GU.nthkr,  Cat.  Fish.,  viii,  283,  1870,  Galapagos  Islands  and  Panam.-i; 
after  Kichauumon's  HptMuuiun,  prittkly  4iud  with  the  iiiti^rurbital  upacu  broad  uud  iliil. 

Tetrodon  geometricug,  ODnther,  Fish.  Centr.  Amor.,  480, 1800. 

Sphceroidei  testxidineui  annulatus,  Jordan  &  Edwards,  I.  c,  240. 

Kepreseuted  northward  (Guuymas,  Mazatlan,  La  Pa/,  etc.)  by 


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2151a.  SPiiKROIOES  AXXULATUH  POLITUS  (Girard). 

This  form  diilers  usually  in  having  the  small  dark  spots  smaller,  more 
numerous,  and  more  unequal  in  size  than  is  usually  the  case  in  Spheroides 
annulatua  of  the  same  size.  It  is  also  more  frequently  devoid  of  prickles, 
but  this  character  seems  to  be  subject  to  great  variation.  At  Mazathiii 
smooth  and  prickly  specimens  abound  in  the  Astillero,  and  may  be  taken 
together  in  the  same  drawing  of  the  net.  Professors  Evcrmann  and  .Jen- 
kins further  note  that  the  interorbitiil  space  is  Hat  in  S,  politua  and  con- 
cave in  S.  annulatua,  but  we  arc  unable  to  appreciat<)  any  such  differcnco 
in  the  comparison  of  politua  from  Mazatlan  with  annulatua  from  the  Ciala- 
pagos.  The  difference  in  the  size  of  the  spots  is,  however,  tangible  and 
ai>parently  fairly  constant,     {politua,  polished.) 

Tetrodon  politut,  Girahd,  Facitic  R.R.  Survey,  x,  340,  1858,  San  Diego,  California,  spec  i 
mens  perfectly  Hmooth;  GCnthkr,  Fish.  Centr.  Anier., 480, 1869;  GDnthbr,  Cat.,  viii, 
281,1870;  Jordan  Sc  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  860, 1883. 

Sphceroidei  politus,  Jordan  &  Edwarcc),  {.  c,  239 ;  Evgrmamn  &.  Jenkins,  Troc.  U.  S.  Xat. 
Mue.  1891, 165. 

2153.  SPHEROIDES  F0BX0SV8  (Gunthor). 

Head  3;  depth  2^  to  3;  snout  2^  in  head;  eye  5  to  5^.  D.  7;  A.  7. 
Body  short  and  stout,  the  head  short  and  very  broad,  the  snout  short, 
slightly  convex,  and  not  very  steep;  interorbital  space  very  broad,  tiiif, 
with  a  median  bluntish  ridge,  its  width  1,V  in  snout,  2J  in  head;  lo  cirri; 
nostrils  in  a  very  short,  thick  tube,  with  very  large,  slit-like  openinjjs 
extending  to  base  of  tube;  outer  opening  wholly  lateral,  but  the  inner 
encroaches  largely  on  the  anterior  face  of  the  tube ;  back,  froni  nostrils  to 
dorsal,  with  rather  small,  sharp  prickles,  close  set  anteriorly,  sparse  poste- 
riorly; belly,  from  throat  to  vent,  everywhere  with  small  prickles;  head, 
sides,  and  caudal  peduncle  with  smooth  skin;  fins  rather  small;  caudul 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     \TXl 


proc.  U.  S.  Xiit. 


iiiiiuat*',  IJ  in  h(!ii(l;  pectoral  obliqiioly  roun(le«l.  Color*  grayish;  back 
uinl  Hul«H  rlo8t'ly  t-oveied  with  shiirply  di'tiiied,  roiiiulish  or  oblong,  Idack- 
i^ii  spotH,  varying  from  Hi/.c  of  pn](il  upward,  Honio  of  thcui  <|iiito  Hniall, 
tliosr  on  back  coullnent  into  curved  concentri(!  or  transvcrHc  ntruaks, 
siirrounding  median  palo  iirouH;  5  to  10  clo8«i-8ct,  trauHversc,  dark  strcakH 
(III  to))  of  head  and  front  of  back,  tiio  markingH  varying  coiiHidcraldy  in 
iliHercnt  specimcnH,  liut  always  sharply  dolincd,  and  forming  spots  and 
ciiiicentrii;  Itars  and  ollipsoiils.  Panama.  Hero  described  from  nnniorous 
s|)t3cimens  obtained  by  the  .llhatrosH,  the  longest  about  10  inches  long. 
Tliis  specieH  seems  allied  to  S2)heroi(lv8  bujaeu  (Castelnau),  from  Hahia,  and 
is  very  distinct  from  Spheroidca  anniilaiua.     {J'ormoaiiH,  comely.) 

IVIiodon/ormoiiuii,  (jl'NTllBU,  Cut,,  vni,  2S:\,  1870,  South  America,     ((^nll.  ('inning.) 

2153.  SIMIKKOIIIKS  FIRTIII  (Sr.  iiiiliK  liii<  r). 

Head  2?.  I).  8;  A.  7;  eye  1  in  head,  about  equal  to  the  interorbital 
width,  which  is  3ji  to  1(  in  head;  snout  short,  prodle  of  snout  rather  stcej), 
its  length  2i  to  2^  in  head.  Numerous  line  sharp  spines  on  ujtper  parts  of 
liody  from  eyes  to  base*  of  dorsal  fin,  and  below  from  throat  to  vent ;  a  slight 
fold  along  each  si<le  of  tail;  <'audal  fm  weakly  concave.  Hrownish  above, 
with  small  irregular  bluish-gray  spots;  sometimes  ',i  faint  Idackish  cross 
bunds,  the  foremost  on  the  forehead,  the  others  on  the  back  before  the 
dorsal;  a  dark  band  on  base  of  p»!ctoral;  fins  yellowish.  (Steindachner. ) 
I'auama;  rather  scarce.     Length  ;$Hnches.     (Named  for  Ignatius  Fiirth.) 

letrodon  J'urthi,  Steindaiiinkb,  Ichtli.  IJoitriige,  v,  22,  1874,  Panama  (Coll.  Fiirtli);  Joit- 

1)AN,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mm.  1885,  ;iU3. 
Sphceroidesfurthi,  Jordan  &.  Euwauks,  I.  c,  2110. 

2154.  SPilRlUtlDKS  TltI(il<)<'KIMI,iLi:S(C(>l>e). 

Head  3A^  in  total  length;  eye  3.1  in  head;  interobital  width  li-  in  eye. 
]>.  8;  A.  7.  Profile  suddenly  descending  from  i)refrontal  region  to  jire- 
inuxillary,  arched  from  the  former  point  backward;  belly  sidnons  to  near 
vent;  dorsal  region  from  a  little  behind  the  uares  to  above  the  ends  of 
the  ]»eetoral  lins  spinous;  spines  on  the  head  long,  close  set,  like  seal 
liristles;  caudal  liu  truncate,  with  prominent  angles.  Brownish  above, 
faintly  vermU  .".lated  with  lighter ;  sides  yellowish,  becoming  white  below  ; 
liiis  un*'  r  ,  light  yellow;  a  brown  spot  at  base  of  pectoral.  (Cope.) 
(iiilf  Stream.  Known  only  from  Cope's  description  of  a  small  specimen  4 
inches  long  taken  in  the  Gulf  Stream  otf  Newport.  Possibly  the  young  of 
!^l>hero\de8 pachygaater.     {QfJi'i,  hair;  ««0«A//,  head.) 


■■  The  coloration  of  Splieroidcn  .fortiwsni  is  more  striking  than  in  testiidineiis  or  attnii- 
littiis.  IJelly  pure  white;  back  black,  crossed  witli  narrower  lifjlit  lines.  The  latter  have 
u  transverse  direction  on  head  and  nape,  wiiere  they  form  7  or  8  cross  bars,  and  show  a 
moro  or  less  evident  tendency  to  form  concentric  rings  on  back.  Each  nostril  in  a  black 
spilt  surrounded  by  a  white  ring.  Tlie  liglit  bars  are  much  narrower  and  more  numerous 
lliiin  in  teatudineils,  and  are  frequently  connected  by  cross  branches,  tluis  dividind  up 
I  lie  dark  baokground  into  disconnected  series  of  largu'black  spots.  Anal  largely  blackish, 
tbu  other  tins  fight,  unmarked. 

3030 32 


txM\ 


I 


1738         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 

Tttrodon  triehocei)halii»,  Copk,  Proc.  Ac.  Not.  Sol.  Vlillu.  1870,  120,  Quif  Stream  off  New- 
port, Rhode  Island;  JouitAN  \-  (iii.iiBUT,  SynopHia,  802,  1883. 
Hjihteruideii  trichocfiihalui,  Juuuan  &.  KuwAUUS,  (.  o.,2Ue. 

8155.  NI>liKHOIilKN  I'ACHYOAHTKU  (Miillur  &  Troachel). 

DorHul  rajH  10;  inturorbital  width  twice  diuiiietor  of  oyc,  or  o<|iial  lo 
lent^th  of  Huoiit;  noHtrilH  nearer  eye  tbuu  to  tip  of  snout,  pupillary,  with 
2  opouiiigH.  DorHal  iin  in  front  of  anal ;  caudal  truncate,  upper  and  lowiti 
poiiitH  Bomewhat  elongated,  liody  aniooMi  all  over  in  a<lult  (probal)l,\ 
priclcly  wlien  youn;;).  ('olor  bright  brown  with  darker  spots  on  the  back. 
(Glinther.)  Length  14  inches.  "A  vnry  scarce  species  around  the  Uarlta 
dos."  ((lilnther.)  Not  stM-n  by  recent  collectors;  possibly  the  typo  of  :i 
distinct  subgenus.     (Tragus,  tliick;  y(x6rt)fi,  belly.) 

Tetrodon  {Cheilichthyt)  paehijyaster,  Ml'LLGR  iNi.Tiiom('hei.  iuS(°lioiiil)urgk,  Hist,  narliiulns, 

077, 1840,  Barbados. 
Tctruiton  jiacliyijOMter,  GUntbkk,  Cut.,  vni, '-'87, 1870. 
Sphairuidea  paehy garter,  Joudan  &.  Edwauus,  {.  c.,235. 


if; 


miii 


::'''|' 


^1 


fi-c,,  OVOIDES,  Lac6pfede. 

Let  Oeuidfn,  Lackpi'cde,  Hist. Nat. Foiaa., i, 256, 1797  {fance;  French  uamea  only);  boacil 

oil  trout  view  ut'  Tetraodon  »Mlatu$, 
Ovum,  Hloch  &  Sc'iiNEiUER,  Syat.  Ickth.,  fJO,  1801  (commersoni) i  alter  LAcfa-feDE ;  uuiin 

preoccupied  In  uioUimkH. 
Ovoidct,  UiMi.KiL,  Zoolojjie  Analytique,  1800;  after  LAOiiiPfeUE. 
Oonidus,  Kakinesijue,  Analyse  du  la  Nature  1815,  00  (substitute  for  Ovum). 
Arotliron,  Mi'LLEB,  Abh.  Herl.  Akatl.  18:19,252  (tentudinarius  — reticularis). 
Les  IHloboiiij/ctireii  {Dilobumycter),  Kuihon,  Kevue  Zool.  1855,279  (retieularit,Hc.). 
f  Leu  Dichutomyetirct  (Dichotomy cter),  BiUROM,  Rev.  Zool.  1855,279  (fluviatilis;  no  dia<.' 

Dosis). 

Body  rather  robu.st,  the  skin  usually  raore  or  less  prickly.  Nostril  on 
each  side  with  a  t(  ntacle,  bilid  to  the  base,  its  tips  without  opening,  the 
brunches  of  the  ]ar,;e  olfactory  nerve  ending  in  cup-like  depressions  ulou<; 
the  inner  edge*-  uf  the  two  lluttish  lobes.  Dorsal  and  unal  tins  nhort, 
rounded,  euc'i  '>f  7  or  «  rays ;  candul  rounded.  Vertebra*  usually  8  and 
10.  A  ring  muscle  about  the  eye  forming  eyelids.  Postfrontals  and  pre- 
frontals dellected,  to  describe  the  segment  of  the  circle.  Species  numei- 
oiis,  chielly  of  the  tropical  I'acific;  distinguished  from  Spheroidea  by  the 
solid  nubul  tentacles,  and  from  the  still  more  closely  related  African  genus 
Tetraodon  (Tetraodon  Uneatus,  L.)  by  the  form  of  its  frontals,  the  two 
genera  being  similar  in  external  characters,  {ovum,  egg;  eiSoz,  resem 
bluncit.) 

a.  Intororbical  space  concave,  its  widtli  nearly  twice  eye;  spines  on  body  coarse;  color 

dark,  the  back  with  round  pale  spots;   aevei-al  parallel  longitudinal  streaks 

l)elow  pectorals.  ERETHIZON,  2150. 

aa.  Interorbital  space  tlattish,  its  width  IJ  times  eye;  spines  slender;  color  yellow. 

blue,  or  brown;  back  and  belly  with  or  without  round  pale  spots;  nodistimt 

dark  streaks  below  pectorals.  SETOSUS,  2157. 


st.  lturl)U(los, 


Jordan  and  Evcrmaiin, — Fishes  of  North  .America.     1739 

•.M5((.  OVOinilN  KKKTIIIXON  (JonlMn  \  (iilliort). 

P. 9;  A.  10.  Kntire  body,  except  Hiioiit  and  caiidnl  podunolo,  tliukly 
hcHttt  witli  loii^,  robust,  i|iiill-lik(^  spiiMtH,  wbich  ar«  loii}{«>st  and  nioxt 
niinit'i'ouH  on  bt>l|y,  thcHo  npincH  Honiotini«s  a|»|tai'Mntly  wiintiug,  bt^in^; 
hiiriod  in  tho  hUIu.  Hnont  Hhort,  unboid;  intororbital  space  wide,  oou- 
I'iivc,  itH  width  greater  llian  length  of  Huout,  iind  nearly  twite  diameter 
iif  eye;  nasal  tentacle  bifid  to  the  liaHe,  tlie  inner  surtaee  of  each  diviHJon 
;liii-k]y  ctivcred  with  minute,  cup-Hhaped  depresHions,  the  openings  of  tlie 
iioHtrilH;  length  of  tentacle  \  its  distance  I'runi  eye,  or  ]  diameter  of 
i'y»«.  Color  dark  brown,  every  wliere  above  with  nnind  whitish  spots,  most 
iiiiUiieronH  on  caudal  peduncle,  the  largest  )>  diameter  of  pupil;  a  dark 
area  around  base  of  pe<-toral,  bounded  by  a  white  line;  several  parallel 
longitudinal  Idack  streaks  below  the  pectorals.  Size  large;  length  about 
:i  foot.  Panama  and  ueighlmring  islands,  apparently  rare,  {irrthizoii, 
I  be  |)orcnpine,  from  lfje.fH'^00,  to  irritate.) 

Aiothron  <'nthi2on,Jo\iiiAS  &.  GlLiiKiiT,  I'loc.  I'.S.Nat.  Miih.  1882,031,  Panama  (Typo, 

Nil.  2iMi71».    Coll.  Frank  H.  Itimllcy) ;  .Tohuan,  Proc.  l".  S.  Kut.  Muh.  1H8.'.,  W.i. 
ritraodoneretliizon,  JuuuAN  Jc  KuwAltus,  i,  c.,244. 


2157.  OVOIDES  SKTOSl'S  (Koaii  Smith). 

Head  4;  eye  4  in  head;  snout  H;  interorbital  space  moderate,  nearly 
ll.it,  H  times  width  of  orltit;  upper  profile  of  snout  aiiruptly  concave  at 
lip.  IJody  everywhere  thickly  beset  with  short,  slender,  stitf  spines  e.\- 
icpt  around  mouth,  vent,  and  l)ase8  (»f  lins;  sitinules  nearly  uniform,  some 
motlesH,  others  with  2  to  5  roots,  about  70  in  a  row  from  «'ye  to  dorsal. 
Nostrils  each  with  a  tentacle,  bifid  to  tho  l)ii,se,  the  lobes  flattlsh  and  with- 
out distinct  opening.  Caudal  Kubtruueate,  i  longer  than  peduncle;  dorsal 
iiiul  anal  rounded.  Coloration  extremely  variable;  the  type  specimen,  as 
ilescribed  by  Mrs.  Eigenmann,  dark  brown,  everywhere  with  roundish 
wiiite  spots,  as  large  as  pnpil  or  larger;  these  spots  larger  below,  coales- 
( iiig  on  ventral  surface,  forming  vermicular  markings;  spots  on  belly 
liroader  than  spaces  of  ground  c«dor,  on  back  narrower;  fins  with  similar 
liiit  smaller  spots;  no  stro.aks  or  black  marks  any  wliere;  pectorals  and 
dorsal  white-edged;  anal  with  a  pale  marginal  streak;  most  of  those  seen 
ill  collectitms  agree  with  this  type.  Our  many  specimens  collected  Ity  the 
[Umirosa  at  Clarion  Island  are,  however,  of  various  shades  of  color,  rang- 
ing from  deep  blue  to  lemon  yellow,  and  with  the  spots  equally  variable; 
Momesi>ecimeu8  ared(^ep  blue,  unspotted,  some  yellow  with  dark  mottlinga 
or  blotches,  some  blackish  with  pale  bluish  or  white  spots,  close  set  and 
profuse;  still  others  are  black  with  the  white  in  thti  form  of  vermicula- 
tions  and  angular  streaks.  One  sp(!cimeu  is  pure  ytdlowish  white,  Avith 
a  black  bar  across  the  pectoral  onlj'.  Tho  causes  of  these  excessive  varia- 
tions are  unknown.  In  all,  the.prickles  are  slender  and  very  numerous. 
West  coast  of  Mexico,  abundant  about  the  Kevillagigedo  Islands  and  on 
rocky  shores  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  dried  specimens  being  often  sold 
at  La  Paz,  and  even  in  >San  Francisco.  Length  14  inches.  Very  close  to 
tlio  East  Indian  species  OcoUles  melcat/ris  (Lacdpede.)    {actosuii,  bristly.) 


.  :^;-t 


:*:■   ''  ' 


ISKlJiii 


f 


IW' 


til 


^W" 


17M)         Didktin  /7,  United  States  A^ationat  Museum, 


Tftniodim  titonn,  liimA  Smith  (now  Mth.  Kkik.nmann),  Itiill.  (Jul.  Ac.  Set.,  ii,  fl,  Nov.  |;i 
18U*I,  Mexico.    (Tyiio,  u  drletl  ukiu,  No.  2UU0.  Mum.  Cul,  Ac.  Uci.) 


,i 


I 


ft 


eSo.  COLOMESUS,  (iill. 

Lfn  Ilatrachopet,  MiiiuoN,  Ituviio  /ool<>t{i<iiii)  IH8.'>, '.'70  (iniHaeut). 

Hatruchnim,  UoLLAiiD,   l^tuiluM  siir  leu  (■yiniKMlontrH,  ll'.'l,   18.')7  iiintlaeuf),   iiuiiio  pri'm 

l!ll|)lt!ll. 

Viiloiiieini$,Uiu.,  I'roo.  U.  S.  Sni.  Mum.  IriHI,  4'J2  (imiUneiin). 

This  geiiiiH  iu  cxtvrimlly  Hiiiiilur  (o  Siiheroidcx,  Init  dllVors  Htrikingly  in 
tlii^Hti'iK-tiiie  of  tlie  hIviiII,  tlio  I'ruiittil  boiii'M  ituiiiv;  iiarrowtMl  inul  ostliHlril 
from  tlio  orliit,  tlio  poHtfroiitals  huin^i^  eloiiKiitoil,  projected  forward  uiiil 
cuniiuctud  with  th*«  prufrontiilH;  Niioiit  vory  ohtiiHt';  dorHiil  and  anal  nliort, 
roiiiuled.  NostrilH  as  In  Spheroiden,  on  eacli  ai(h)  a  hullow  papiMu  with 
2  oprnin^H.  Vortclnic  H -j- 11.  Oiio  Hpories;  Soiitli  American.  (noAth, 
dofiu'tivo;  /iidoi,  middle;  from  thu  narrowed  froutalH  excluded  from  tho 
orbitH.) 

ai5H.  (OliOMKKI'S  I'NITTACrs  (Blooh  &  Schiiei<It>r). 

D.  11;  A.  fl.  Hody  Hhort  and  thick,  covered  with  small,  2-root»'d  Hpiue.s, 
except  on  snout,  arouml  pectoral  tin,  and  on  caudal  peduncle;  sonic 
H|)iucB  behind  dorual  in  adult;  Hpines  on  sides  with  their  points  directed 
toward  the  l)aek.  Snout  very  ol)tn8o,  Hli<;htly  concave  behind  lip,  ii, 
length  less  than  interorbital  width.  Eye  rather  larjjjc,  not  i^  intcrorbital 
width,  uMieh  nearer  tip  of  snout  than  gill  opening.  Pectoral  and  caudal 
truncate,  other  lius  rounded.  Ih'uwnish,  with  (i  dark  cross  bands  on 
buck,  the  2  bands  between  dorsal  and  pectoral  sometimes  conllueni, 
the  band  behind  pectoral  and  that  at  base  of  caudal  ntost  distinct : 
])ectoral  dusky  at  base;  no  distinct  spots  anj'where.  River  mouths, 
Guiana  and  nortliern  Hra/.il,  rather  common;  not  known  to  descend  to  tin 
sea.  R4>corded  from  the  Hio  Bianco,  Kssei|uibo,  Marafiou,  and  (*apin  :il 
I'ara;  also  from  the  West  Ir.lies.  (^i'rrn^o?,  parrot,  from  thti  form  nl 
the  beak.) 

Ottracion  Mraodon,  SKltA,  Tlicsaunin,  etc.  (pro-Liiiiiii>an). 

Tilioiloii  jitittacuv,   I5i.(«  II  vfc  ScuNEmEU,   SjHt.  Iclith.,   .'iO.'i,  1801,  Malabar;    (JOnthiii, 

(Jilt.,  viu,  '2m,  1870. 
Cheilichthjis  aneUui,  Mi'Li.EK  \^  Tuuscmki.  in  SclioinbiirKk,  llritiHli  Giiiiiua.  ui,  641,  18Il<, 

Guiana. 
Cheilichthyt puittaeu*,  Steinuaciinek,  IcIi.  Mittheil,  u,  1861,  141,  pi.  4,  fig.  2. 


•I 

i. 


#■■ 


Family  CLXXIII.  CANTHKJASTEKID/E. 

(The  .SiiAKP-NosEi)  Pukkkks.) 

This  family  includes  small  Puffers,  similar  in  external  appearance  to  tli(> 
Tetraodontido',  but  with  the  snout  sharp  and  the  back  more  or  less  com- 
pressed or  ridge- like.  The  skeletal  character.s  by  which  the  group  i.> 
detined  are  thus  given  by  Dr.  Gill :  Medifrontals  sepiirated  from  the  supr.i- 
occiptal   by  the   intervention  of   the  spheuotics  which  are    connected 


.jSS^ 


imiiifl  |iri'ii> 


Jordan  and  F.vftmanu. — F/s/u's  of  Norlh  America.     17tl 


loRflther  and  liitonilly  oxpiimliMl,  hut  uliort;  \\w  proHotlimoid  unMiilnoiit, 
iilidvo,  oiiIiu'^cmI  ami  imrrowtMl  t'orwanl.  \'<rt«'l>rji»  ulioiit  H -f  10.  Iload 
I'lHiiproHHtMl,  with  a  itroJuttliiK.  atttMiiiatiMl  Hiuxit ;  «lorHal  niul  anal  nhort, 
li'W-rayiMl.  NuNtrilH  obHolotf,  iin|M«rforat«\  Ono  ^oiiiih,  witli  15  HporicH, 
I'diiik'  in  th««  tropical  Hoaa;  noim  of  tUeni  n'achin^  a  Ifu^th  <>r  morn  than 
.'i  iiiohuH. 

68i.  CANTHIOASTBR,  Swaiiiison. 


Ciinthinanler,  SwaINhoN,  Nut.  HUf.  KIhIh>h,  ii,  11)4,  IMIHt  (iliuKiiimlH  oiilv;  no  wpcclos  null 

tioiii>il;  riintriitiin  iiit<<ii(l(til). 
ruilttiiiitiiii,  SWAINHON,   Niil.  lllHt.  FinhcH,  ri,  ;!2H,   \h:w  (riinlratiiii) .  Hiilmtltiilc  tor  Canthi 

I'ltnti-f;  not  I'liiliiiwtiiii,  II  (jrniiM  of  llioiii'nnjitfftl  t>(  prior  iliitc. 
I'rilonotiis    (Kai'I'  MS.)  IJiriiAitnsuN,  Vo.viiko  |[i-ral<l,  HVJ,  1H54  (roiilfatiiii\. 
riiiiiitliehtliiit.  Ili.Ki'.KKit,  Nat.  TytU.  \t(l«<rl.  Iiiil.,  IV,  lrt,''i4  (ralcntini). 
.\  iidsiiiiiiit,  I'l/iKiis,  Wii'iiiuann'K  .Vrt'li.  IHrri, 'J74  (/'»'/ii(i/i<«). 
l.'hiDirhotui  (IllKKuN)  lIul.i.AUt),  I^.tuilori  GyninoUuntuH,  ;i20,  1857  (inrnni). 

Cliaiiifitors  of  the  jjoiiuh  inc!lu(lo<l  ahovc.  (d'hiiyOa,  Hpin»<;  yixdrt/f}, 
litlly;  SwaiiiHoii  h*TO  an  t-lHinvhtMo  takoH  xitrOit  to  nivan  Hpint^,  a  iiHago 
without  clasHical  warrant.) 

a.  No  liliu'k  iK't'UiiH  litilow  tlio  ilnrxitl. 

6.  rppiT  jmrts  uvovywIitTti  lieliintl  licnd  oovorcd  witli  ronnil  palo  R|)ot«;  thm  nil 

piil«>;  (lorHiil  rays  9.  immi  atimsimi  m,  2iri',t. 

hh.  I'ppiT  pnrtH  dark  lirown  witlioiit  wliilmli  spotH;  caiKlal  alwayn  n-arkol  with 

lilnck;  (lorxal  rays  fl.  uostiiatus.  2100. 

2lf>».  <  AXTIIHJASTKK  IMXCTATIS^JlMI'S  (dimlhor). 

1).  !>,  Snout  ]»ro<lnce«l,  its  uitper  ])rolilo  slightly  concavo;  spinos  on 
lioUy  an<l  front  of  hack.  Upper  jiarts  cvorywhoro  behind  hea«l  covcnMl 
with  round  whitish  spots,  not  larger  than  pupil,  and  Hcparatod  from  each 
otiier  only  hy  a  network  of  tho  hrown  ground  color;  tins  all  ununirkod, 
pale.  Length  3  inches.  Pacific  coast  of  America,  Oulf  of  Culiibrnia  to 
I'luiania;  not  common.     {pHnctatiaaimita,  very  much  dotted.) 

Ttrmlon  punctati8»imii»,  (iONTHicu,  Cat.,  VIH,  302,  1870,  Panama.     (Coll.  Cnpt.  Dow.) 
ntfiidon  oxyrhynchiis,  Lockinoton,  Tioc^.  ,\c.  Nut.  .Sol.  Pliilii.  1881,  110,  Gulf  of  California. 
I'siloiintuspmietatUiniinis,  Johdan  it  (iii.iiEUT,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu».  1882,  370. 
Caiithiganter punctatisnmuii,  Jordan  &  Edwakds,  I.e., 240. 

2160.  CANTIIKJASTKIt  KOKTKATrS  (I'.loch). 

D.  fi.  Snout  moderately  produced,  rather  more  than  twice  the  concave 
iiitcrorhital  space;  caudal  slightly  lunate.  Body  smooth,  except  abdo- 
men, which  is  covered  with  very  small,  2-rooted  spines.  Upper  parts 
ilark  brown,  without  white  spots;  upper  and  lower  margins  of  caudal  fin 
abruptly  black,  the  middle  of  the  llii  pale,  inunaculato;  an  irregular 
brownish  band  or  series  of  dots  from  pectoral  to  upper  margin  of  caudal, 
continuous  with  the  dark  baud  on  the  latter;  lower  band  of  caudal  con- 


*  Prilonotv$  in  "a  name  invented  1>v  Miiller,  and  in  mentiontul  by  liini  in  his  FortHot/.uiig 
(Icr  Myxinoidcn  and  in  Arcliiv  fur  !^faturg«Hehi<■ht()  t'iir  1841."     (liichardsuu.) 


M, 


1712  Ihillcthi  ^7,  Uniitd  States  Natioual  Mnsnim. 


titiiiud  nil  Hiito  of  tuil;  ikIuUh  (iicconliiiK  to  I'ouy)  witli  (-hfHtniit-coloD'il 
IihiuIm  (»ii  ciiiidiil  i)«mIuih'1«)  uiitl  on  rhin;  diuk  strvitkHiiltout  ttye.  A  yoiitij^^ 
Nptiriniuii  iH'lurc  iih,  2  iiicliuH  in  Ivtigth,  tVoiii  tlin  Hiiiip|M^r  HiiiikH  otV  Pni 
mrooIa,  (Io«>h  not  hIiow  IIiuho  hiirs.  l'|t]i«)r  liiid  lower  cd^oH  of  ciindal 
Ahiiiptly  ,i«it-lilack,  thix  color  oxtonding  iih  »  durk  Htripo  along  tlio  nicdinn 
\'\\w  of  cuiidiil  ]M<dniu'li)  altovo  and  btdow.  No  rnmH  biindH  on  tiiil.  Itt'lls 
with  fonHpicuoiiH  2-i'ootiMl  jiricklMs;  Honio  pricklcN  and  KrunnliitiunM  im 
Ww  liiM-k.  \V«>Ht  InditfH,  north,  in  rnther  do«p  water,  to  thu  hankHoll'  I'oii 
Na<-ola;  uIho  found  in  tli<i  MadciraH  uml  UurinudaH.  {roHlrntM,  lon^;- 
Hnout«Ml.) 

Tffrodon  roitrn^ui,  II|.<>(!||,  IcIitliyoloKlii,  I,  |il.  UA,  1783,  India;  (irNTllRli,  Cat.,  Vin,  3U'l, 
lH7iii  OooDK,  Am.  Juiir. Hoi,  ArlH  IK77,  'JUO;  (U^ntueu,  Slioro  Fixlieit,  CliulloiiKer,  li, 
1H80. 

Telrixlon  rai'iitiatiii,  LoWR,  I'roc.  Zonl.  Koc.  r.onilon  IHIIU,  9<),  Madeira. 

I'riloniitiia  {Aiiehitomim)  cainJiciticttm,  HlfilAltUHU.N,  N'liynKu  Herald,  102,  pi.  30,  fluH.  I  :i, 
1M&>,  locality  uiikiiDwu. 

Telradononiatui,  I'oKV,  Syiioimi.^,  433,  1808,  Havana;  <i('NTiiRli,  Cat.,  vni,  ;i(l3,  1H7(). 

TftrotliinrautUi'iiu'Uii,  (JCntiikk,  Cut.,  vili,  aOII,  1H7(I;   I'okv,  Knuiiioratio,  73,  187S. 

CiiHlhiijaiiti-r  eamlieinetiiii,  Coi-k,  'I'rjinM.  Am.  I 'hi  inn.  Soc.  1871,470. 

Canthiffaiter  ruttralu*,  JoitUAN  \  Kdwauum,  {.c.,24G, 


Funiilv  CLXXIV.  ninDONTIIUi." 


m. 


:i 


•iii 


Criii';  I'oiicri'iNK  ri.siiKH.) 

Hody  short,  hroud,  di^prcsHtid  above.  IWdly  niodorntoly  inilatahic,  cov 
(irod  «'vorywhoro  except  <mi  tlie  lips  and  caudal  peduncle  with  Hpinen, 
which  are  uHually  2-rooted  or  lUrouted  at  their  Ittujy  )>a8e.  Caudal  jio- 
duuclo  Hhort  and  slender.  Mouth  moderate,  terniinal,  each  jiiw  covenil 
with  a  bony  plato  like  the  beak  «>t'  a  bird,  the.se  not  divided  by  a  nieilimi 
Huture.  NoHtrilt)  on  each  Hide  forming  a.  Hinall  tentacle,  nHually  with  L' 
o])oning8.  Kye  rather  larjje,  gill  opening  moderate,  immediately  in  front 
of  the  pectoral,  which  in  Hhort,  broad,  and  rounded.  Dorsal  and  anal  tins 
short,  similar  to  e.'ich  other,  rounded  in  form  and  placed  i)OHteriorIy. 
Genera  about  G;  specios  15.  Sluggish  tishea,  living  on  the  bottom  ilMloll^ 
weeds  and  corals,  in  tropical  seas.  When  distnrbed,  they  swallow  air  niMi 
float  belly  upward  on  the  water.  Their  capacity  of  intlation  is  very 
much  hiss  than  that  of  the  Tctraodoiitidiv,  from  which  family  they  ditVcr 
chielly  in  the  stnmger  armature  and  in  having  no  division  in  the  bony 
I)late  of  either  jaw.  They  are  rarely  used  as  food,  being  generally 
regarded  as  poisonous.  The  species  are  mostly  avcH  known  in  collections, 
the  singular  form  luiving  attracted  tho  attention  of  travelers  in  the  ciii- 
liest  times.     (Tetrodovlido',  i»art,  (Jiinth«T,  Cat.,  vni,  300-.S10,  1«70.) 

a.  Dcniial  (iHHiticntiona  very  small,  oai'li  one  2-ro<>t('(l,  witli  n  finn  floxiblo  Hjtinc  or  li.iir 

liko  l>ristli<.    Nusiil  tontaclua  proHent.  'I'uichodiodun',  fiS'.!. 

aa.  Dermal  osMiflcatioiiH  mo.stly  Sroottttl ;  II10  H])inc8ratlior  HltMidor,  butstitVaiidercrtilc. 

NaHuI  tout  ado  simple,  with  2  lateral  openinjiH.  Diodon,  (W:i 


*See  Eijjenmann'H  Review  of  tlie  Oeuera  nnd  S|x'cie»  of  IHodimtidcn  found  In  Amori(';in 
Hens,  Annals  N.  V.  Ac.  Sci.  1885,  207. 


Jordan  and  Ih'crmaun, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1713 


<Ma.  Dermal  ONHiflcntiniiM  nil  or  lu'nrly  nil  .tro<)t<«<1,  oacli  with  n  Nliort,  alllT,  lmiiii>vnl>lfi 
iipiiin.     NuHiil  D'litiirlit  Riiii|i|<>,  Willi  2  o|M-iiinKN.  Cmii.dmvi  iKiit  m,  liMl. 

(laaa.  DuriiiuloHHlilcutloiiit  ul'  tluttlNli,  |iu|H<ry  nr  oarlilu(;iiioiii  iiIhIch  with  iiiliiuUi  hulr- 
Uk«  imiiillic;  iioMii'il  Hliort,  •tiitlri<,  wllli  '.'  lutcnil  i>|M<iiinKM. 

l.vtmi'ii.f.iiA,i<MO. 

68a.  TRICHODIODON,  Itlnkni. 

Tiii-hnilloilnn,  ni.RKKK.K,  AtliM  Ic.hth.,  OyiiiiKNliiiitrrt,  lU.  tH()7  (i>ilii»iiH). 
'  Trtehuevrlut,  orNTiiKK,  Cut.,  vill,  :ilfl.  1H70  (ninm^fuii      jnlniui). 

Kody  obluiig,  littlo  (UtpruHHud ;  iiiisal  tmtiK-lo  pruHont;  (hernial  oHHillca- 
tiuiiH  very  Hinull,  nifli  with  u  ]inir  of  lutonil  routH,  uiul  ouch  Un'iniiiuthi^ 
III  It  Ihio,  tii-xiblo,  iiriatlu-iik«  Hpiiio;  Hub  iih  in  Itiothn,  of  whirli  tin-  HpuciuH 
art)  poHHibly  tbo  vuiy  young,     ((ii/j/^,  biilr;  lHodoti.) 


in  AmeritMii 


lilOI.  TI(l('IIOI>IOIM>>  IMM>MrS(Mltchill). 

Thia  npecios,  which  may  b*^  uiniply  the  very  young  of  IHodon  hyslrix,  is 
known  only  from  luxoiintH  givuii  by  Mitchill,  Ciivier,  iind  (iiliilhiu'.  It  is 
poNHiblo  that  thoHt^  'A  iloHcriptioiiM  ri^fer  to  3  <litlVrent  HpucioH,  but  moio 
likely  all  of  thom  aro  btiHud  on  young  Diodoiis.  Mitchill  Haya:  "  lluiry 
Diodun  (  Diodon  piloaita).  With  a  covuring  of  briHtly  hair.  Length  about 
.'111  inch  and  a  half;  broiidth  less  than  lialf  an  inch  ;  depth  nearly  a  <|iiiirter; 
iriaking  a  blunt  lump  of  a  lish.  Ih  covered  all  over — back,  HideH,  head, 
mid  belly — with  bristly  hair.  The  briHtlen  strong  and  llexiblo,  without 
(lie  power  to  scratch  or  to  prick.  Hair  about  an  eighth  of  an  inch  in 
li'iigth.  Com])luxion  dun  <»r  brown,  \vith  spotH  on  the  back,  sidoH,  and 
toward  the  belly.  Huh,  at  lifHt  glimpHO,  the  appearance  of  a  young  iiioiiho. 
Month  Hiiiall,  midway,  and  horizontal.  lOycs  vertical,  lateral,  and  large. 
iVo  ventral  fins.  Pectorals  broad.  Doi-Hal  and  anal  very  far  back,  and  no 
liair  between  them  and  the  tail.  This  is  but  a  HUiall  projection  from  the 
tiiick  aud  clumsy  body,  and  is  terminated  by  u  liu  of  7  rays.  Dorsal,  aual, 
mid  pectoral  fins  contain  each  about  13  rays." 

Cuvier,  referring  to  Mitchill's  description,  says;  "We  posHesH  in  the 
iiiiiseiim  a  large  individual,  more  than  2^  feet  long,  entirely  (Covered  aud 
roughened  by  Hiendcr  spincH  like  the  pointH  of  ])inB,  I  line  of  Hpiucs  ]>rom- 
iiicut  nearly  on  the  back  and  on  the  sides,  and  li  or  3  under  the  belly.  The 
region  of  the  mouth,  that  of  the  eyes,  the  base  of  each  fin,  and  the  end 
of  the  tail  alone  are  deprived  of  spines.  The  color  of  the  skin  is  gray, 
with  round  brown  points  scattere<l  all  over  it  4  or  .5  lines  broad.  Similar 
sjiots  are  scattered  on  the  lins,  which  seem  to  have  been  yellowish  in 
rolor.  While  waiting  to  know  if  this  IHodon  is  not  the  adult  of  that 
which  Mr.  Mitchill  has  described,  I  will  name  it  Diodon  anper." 

Under  the  name  of  Trivhocifvhts  erinaceun  (lilnther  describes  a  very  young 
example,  apparently  of  this  same  type,  as  follows:  ".Jaws  without  me- 
dian suture.  Body  covered  with  very  small  dennal  ossifications,  each 
with  a  pair  of  lateral  roots,  and  a  line,  llexiblo  spine.  A  nasal  tentacle. 
Dorsal  aud  anal  iiiis  as  in  tho  allied  genera.  The  spines  are  hair-like,  ^  of 
ail  inch  long  in  an  example  lA  inches  long."    Locality  unknown. 


I'Jiii 


::^,!. 


174'4         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Do  Kay,  in  the  Fiiiina  of  New  York,  page  326,  liufs  tlio  following  ilt-sirij)- 
tloii  of  IHodon  2)iloiiun,  from  a  Hpocimen  2  inches  loug,  accompanied  by  ii 
figure  which  evidently  reprcscntH  (he  young  of  IHodon  hyatris:  "Mody 
oblong,  cuboidal.  Every  ])urt  of  the  surface  except  a  Hmall  space  round 
the  mouth  and  eyrs,  and  another  including  the  base  of  tlie  caudal  fin. 
furnished  witli  bristlos;  these  are  from  v'o  to  v*,,  long,  directed  bacliwiinl. 
though  probably  capable  of  erection  at  the  will  of  the  animal.  They  are 
somewhat  longer  and  more  crowded  on  the  dorsal  and  posterior  parts  ol 
the  body;  they  are  all  soft  and  flexible,  suggesting  the  idea  of  hair-lil.  • 
processes.  Eyes  large  and  lateral;  the  space  bet^^^eu  the  orbital  margi: 
depressed,  concave.  Ts'ostrils  single,  with  an  obliquely  truncated  tub 
orifice.  Mouth  terminal,  broad,  with  thin  membranaceous  lips.  ,Ja^.., .  r 
rather  tlie  teeth,  ending  in  an  acute  tip  iu  front.  IJranchial  orifice  ear 
shaped,  i>laced  in  front  of  the  upper  part  of  the  oase  of  the  pectorals. 
The  dorsal  slightly  anterior  to  but  over  the  anal,  rounded  on  its  margin, 
higher  than  wide;  i)ectoral  short  and  broad,  its  upi)er  rays  longest;  anal 
fin  broad,  and  similar  in  shape  to  the  dorsal ;  caudal  lanceolate.  Browuisli 
above;  ashy  white  beneath;  the  i»ricklos  of  a  metallic  golden  color;  on 
the  back  .and  alongthe  sides  several  oblong,  distant,  blackisli-brown  spots. 
Length  2  inches.  Fin  rays,  D.  12 ;  P.  20 ;  A.  14 ;  C.  9.  This  remarkable  little 
s]>ecies,  which  has  been  occasionally  taken  in  the  bay  of  New  York,  wns 
first  described  by  Mitchill.  It  was  subsefjuontly  referred  by  Cuvior  (Op. 
8ui».  cit.)  as  the  young  of  a  species  which  he  names  osjjcr,  2^  feet  long. 
It  is  probable  that  his  opinion  underwent  some  modification  subsequent  to 
the  publication  of  that  paper;  for  in  the  last  edition  of  his  Regno  Animal 
D.  pilo8U8  is  cited  as  a  distinct  species." 

While  we  niay  infer  thai  the  sjiecimens  of  Mitchill  and  De  Kay  were 
both  supposed  to  come  from  New  York  Harbor,  it  is  not  likely  that  Diodon 
hyiitHx  was  ever  found  in  this  locality,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  speci- 
mens called  "pilostia"  came  from  some  Avarmer  region.  We  have  never 
seen  any  species  referable  to  the  f^enus  Trichodiodon,  and  doubt  the  exist- 
ence of  Trichodiudon  pUosus  as  a  distinct  genus  or  species,     (pilosus,  hairy. ) 

IHodon  2nlo»ux,  Mrrciiu-L,  Traua.  Lit.  and  Pliil.  Soc.  N.  Y.,  i,  1815,  471;  supposed  to  bo 

from  New  York  Harbor ;  speoiiueii  1^  mcbes  long. 
IHodon  asper,  Cuvieu,  Mom.  du  Museum,  iv,  1818,  no  locality;  specimens  2 J  feet  long. 
?  Triehocyehis  erinaceut,  GfJNTHKH,  Cat.,  vn,  316,  1870,  no  locality;  specimen  J  inch  long. 
jMchodiodon  pilosus,  GOnthek,  Cat.,  vui,  316, 1870;  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  862. 


683.  DIODON,  Linnteus. 
(PoucuiMNE  Fishes.) 

IHodon,  LlNNy-EUS,  Syat.  Nat.,  Ed.  X,  335,  1758  (hystrix). 

Paradiudon,  Blekkehl,  Atlas  Iclitli.,  Gymnodonts,  56,  1807  (hystrix);  name  a  sulmtitiilo 
for  I'lodon,  tr.ausl'erred  to  another  giinu.s;  the  firHt  speeiea  mentioned  by  Liunu'iis 
being  Diodon  atinga,  ■which  was  therefore  takeu  by  Bleeker  as  the  type. 

?  Trichodiodon,  llLEEKEF,  Atlas  Ichth.,  G.ymn.,  49,  1867  {pilostis;  larva?). 

?  Tnchocydtis,  GOnthek,  Cat.,  vui,  316,  1870  {erinacem,-  larva?). 


Body  robust,  the  belly  moderately  infiatable. 
Btitf,  most  of  them  2-rooted  and   erectile,  a  few 


Dermal  spines  .strong, 
3-rooted  and  therefore 


?'!' 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1745 

iniinovablo ;  both  ,jawa  ontire;  nasal  tnbo  simple,  with  2  lateral  o]iei]- 
liigH.  Pectorals  bio.'ul,  their  iiiiirgin  unilnlato,  the  u]»per  lobe  longest; 
vertical  fins  ronndod,  the  dorsal  and  anal  short,  posteriorly  inserted,  sim- 
ilar to  each  other.  Tropical  seas ;  the  lew  species  very  widely  distributed. 
((5/5,  two;  6(Joi.V,  tooth.) 

((.  Spines  tfirt'to. 

6.  Frontal  si)ines  not  as  long  as  poBt-pectoral  .ipinos  (in  ntlnlts  not  J  as 
long,  about  as  long  as  eye) ;  predorsal  spines  very  short,  S-rooted,  fixetl  or 
nearly  so;  "20  spines  in  a  series  between  snout  and  dorsal;  post-poctoral 
spines  very  much  elonyato,  especially  in  the  adult,  shorter  in  tlio  young; 
dorsal  rays  15;  anal  15;  u])por  lobo  of  pe<toral  little  lonfjor  than  lower. 
Adult  above  everywhere  covered  with  round  blaek  siutts,  tlu'so  largest  in 
front  of  dorsal,  smallest  on  naked  area  about  month;  white  bulow;  tins  pro- 
fusely spotted  with  black ;  young  with  fewer  spots,  but  never  with  largo 
blotclies.  iiVSTKix,  2162. 

Vb.  Frontal  spines  long,  usually  longer  than  post-pectoral  spines,  about  twice  as 
long  as  eye  in  adult;  predorsal  spines  not  shortened,  2-rooted.  erectile;  14 
to  17  spines  in  a  series  between  snout  and  dorsal;  post-pertoral  spines  not 
especially  elongate,  their  development  variable ;  dorsal  raj's  usually  12;  anal 
12;  pectoral  broader  than  long,  its  upi>er  lobe  i)ointed,  lower  lobe  rounded. 
Body  marked  ■with  black  spots  and  blotches  irregular  in  size,  usually  a 
broad  black  bar  from  eye  to  eye,  continued  below  eye  as  a  narrow  bar; 
a  broad  bar  across  occii>ut ;  a  black  blotch  above  each  pectoral ;  a  short  bar 
in  front  of  dorsal ;  another  in  which  the  dorsal  is  inserted ;  a  blotch  behind 
pectoral,  and  many  small  spots  and  blotches  on  ujtper  parts;  iins  with  few 
spots,  usually  unmarked  in  the  young.  HOLAfANTHts,  2163. 

aa.  "  Spines  compressed  laterally,  short;  15  spines  in  a  series  between  snout  and  dorsal; 
upper  parts  covered  with  round  spots,  those  about  pectorals  sometimes  con- 
fluent into  a  blotch ;  iins  immaculate."  macuukeu,  2164. 


•I;-: 


21«2.  DIODO.V  IIYSTUIX,  Linnajus. 

(PORCUPINE-FISn ;   EUIZO;  rtERCO  Esi'INO.) 

Head  3;  depth  3|.  D.  13  to  15;  A.  13  to  15.  Spines  strong,  dilated  at 
biiso,  with  a  pair  of  basal  grooves;  frontal  spines  not  as  long  as  post- 
pectoral  spines  (in  adults  not  \  as  long,  about  as  long  as  eye) ;  post- 
pectoral  spines  longer  than  any  others,  especially  in  the  adnlt,  usually 
aliout  as  long  as  pectoral  lin,  those  of  the  posterior  part  of  back  and 
tail  short  and  broad,  3-rooted,  and  therefore  not  erectile;  predorsal  spiues 
very  short,  3-rooted,  fixed  or  nearly  so;  about  20  spines  in  a.  series 
between  snout  and  dorsal;  upper  lobe  of  pectoral  little  longer  than 
lower;  upper  and  lower  part  of  tail  with  2  or  3  ptiirs  of  3-rooted,  im- 
movable, recumbent  spines.  Adult  above  everywhere  covered  with  small 
round  black  spots,  these  largest  in  front  of  dorsal,  smallest  on  naked 
;irt'a  about  mouth ;  white  below ;  fins  all  more  or  less  spotted  in  the  adult, 
iKuirly  plain  in  the  young.  Length  about  3  feet.  Tropical  seas;  every- 
where common;  north  t.>  Lower  California,  Florida,  and  the  Hawaiian 
Islands;  abundant  in  collections,  being  stuifed  and  dried  as  a  curiosity; 
not  used  as  food,     {hystrix,  the  ])orcupine.) 

(hhis  echinatus,  Rondelet,  De  Piscibus,  324,  1558,  Northern  Ocean. 
Uiininajacufiiiara,  ^lAHroHAVK.  Hist.  Nat.  Bras,,  159,  1648,  Brazil. 
Ontrado"  conico  oblonyut,  Aktedi,  Genera,  60,  No.  19,1738. 


l4 


.  1  "■ 


.i. 


174G  Bidletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Erizo,  Parha,  Dese.  Dif.  Plozas  Hist.  Nat.  Cuba,  60,  pi.  29,  flg.  1,  1787,  Havana. 

Diorfo/t /*i/«tri«,  LiNN^irs,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  x,  335,  1708,   Indie;   alter  Autedi;   G('ntiikii, 

Cat.,  viii,  :i06, 1870;  Jordan  &  Oiliiekt,  SyuopsiH,  86.'t,  1883;  Joudan  &.  IturiBU,  I'mi. 

Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  1807, 130;  and  of  writers  generally. 
Diodonatiniia,  IJi-orn,  Iclith.,  iv,  7.'>,  pi.  125,  1787;  not  of  Linn.kus. 
Le  Diodon  (Plu.mikr)  Laci^^'khe,  Hint.  Nat.  Poiss.,  Ii,  1  and  10,  pi.  3,  tig.  3,  1708,  Martin. 

ique;  on  n  drawing  by  Pi.iimikh. 
Diodon  hrachiatxiH,  llLOCii  it  Sciikeider,  Syat.  lehtli.,  513,  1801,  Cuba;  after  Pauha,  pi. 

29,  fig.  1. 
Diodon  punctatus,  Citvier,  Mi'sni.  Miih.  IliHt.  Nat.,  iv,  132,  1818,  no  locality. 
Diodon  echinu$  (llAVH^ESiHK)  Konapaute,  Cat.  Mot.  Pise.  Eur.,  87,  I84G,  Mediterraneun 

Sea;  accidental. 
/Dioduii  ipinusisiimus,  GCntiikh,  Cat.,  viii,  307,  1870. 

2168.  DIODOX  IIOLA<;.i>'THrS,  LinnsiMis. 

D.  12;  A.  12.  Very  similar  to  JHodov  hynlrix,  but  with  the  frontal  spiiK  s 
usually  lougi^r  thau  tbo  spiues  Itoliind  the  pectorals,  about  twice  as  loiij,' 
as  eye.  Prcdorsal  spines  not  Hbortened,  2-rootcd,  erectile;  about  14  lo 
17  spiues  in  a  series  l)etwe«'n  snout  and  dorsal;  post-pectoral  spines  not 
especially  elouj^ate,  but  nu»vablc;  pectoral  broader  than  long,  upper  lolx' 
pointed,  lower  lobe  rounded.  Coloration  much  as  in  Diodon  hystrix,  but 
more  variabh*,  the  spots  fewer  and  larger;  usually  a  broad  black  bar  from 
eye  to  eye,  continued  below  eye  aw  a  narrow  bar;  a  broad  Var  across  oc(  i- 
l)ut;  a  black  blotch  above  each  pectoral;  a  short  bar  in  front  of  dorsal; 
mother  in  which  the  dorsal  is  inserted;  a  blotch  behind  the  pectoral,  and 
many  small  8] tots  and  blotches  on  the  upper  parts;  (ins  with  few  spots, 
mostly  immaculate  in  the  young.  In  all  warm  seas,  north  to  the  Florida 
Keys,  Lower  Calilbrnia,  and  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  its  range  coincidiiitr 
with  that  of  Diodon  hi/sirix,  from  which  it  may  prove  to  be  not  distinct. 
An  example  before  us  is  from  La  Paz.  The  distinctions  are  generally  evi- 
dent in  the  atlult,  but  young  specimens  apparently  intermediate  arc  often 
found.  Possibly  the  two  are  diftereut  sexes  of  the  same  species.  Lengtli 
1  to  2  feet.  None  seen  by  us  of  as  large  size  as  the  largest  hyatrix.  {oAui, 
wholly;  anavOa,  s\*'mc.) 

Ottracion  nblongus  holacanthu.t,  Artedi,  Genera,  60,  No. 20, 1738. 

Crmjracion,  Xos. !)  and  ir>,  Klein,  Hintoria  Piac,  19  and  20,  pi.  3,  fig.  6, 1740. 

Diodon  Iwlocantlnig,  LiNN^us,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  X,  3o.'>,  1758,  India;  baaed  on  Artedi  ;  iiiIm- 

print  for  hdlacan'.hus. 
Erizo  Gummbana,  Pahua,  Desc.  Dif.  Piezas  Hiat.  Nat.  Cuba,  62,  pi.  29,  lig.  2, 1787,  Havana. 
Le  Diodon  tachetc,  LACi':ri:uE,  Hist.  Nai.  Pois.'^.,  n,  13, 1798,  New  Cytherea. 
Diodon  liluromi.1,  Shaw,  Gen.  Zoiil.,  v,  pi.  2, 436, 1804;  after  Diodon  tachetf,  lj\ci:vi:nE. 
Diodon  sjnnosig/iim.ii. 9,  CuvuiU,  Mt''n>.Mus.,  iv,  134,  1818;  no  locality. 
Diodon  novemmaculattis,  CrviEH,  Mem.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  IV,  136,  jd.  6, 1818,  no  locality. 
Diodon Hcxwaculatus,  Cuvier,  Mem.  Mus.  Hiat. Nat.,  IV,  136, pi. 7, 1818,  no  locality,   (Un 

TIIEH,  Fisb.  Centr.  Am.,  396, 1869. 
Diodon  muUimaeulatus,  Citvikr,  Mem.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  iv,  136, 1818,  no  locality. 
Diodon  quadriinaculatiis,  Ci'ViER,  Mem.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  iv,  137,  pi.  6, 1818,  Otaiti. 
IHodon  melanoptis,  Katp,  Wiegmann's  Archiv  1855,228. 
Paradiodon  qiiadrlmaculatiis,  Bi.eeker,  Atl.  Iclitli.,  Gymnod.,  pi.  8,  fig.  2,  i865. 
Diodon  mactdatus,  var.  a,  GL'ntiier,  Cat.,  Viii,  307, 1870;  based  on  Diodon  tacheir  of  L.vci: 

PKDE;  St.  Croix;  Jamaica;  Panama;  South  America;  Hawaiian  Islands;  China; 

Sooloo  Sea;  Indian  Ocean. 
Diodon  macnlatu.%  Jordan  &  Gii.heut,  Proc.U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1880,  70  and  453;  Jouda.n, 

Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.  1884,  46. 


Jordan  afid  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Ai)icrica,     1747 


Mediterranean 


2104.  DIODOM  MACIILIFER,  Kniip. 

Spiues  rather  wbort,  sti'«»ug,  reiuarkiibly  flattened,  and  compresBod  trans- 
vorsely.  Upper  part  of  tail  without  ossillcations,  Imt  a  pair  of  Hpinea 
lying  alongside  their  root  on  side  of  dorwal  iln  ;  loots  of  spines  strong  and 
long.  Ahont  15  transverse  series  of  ajtint'S  hetwcen  snout  and  dorsal  /in. 
r|>))er  part  of  head  and  body  with  ronud  l>la<-k  s])ots,  each  of  about  the  si/.e 
of  the  pupil  of  the  eye;  sometimes  the  spots  above  or  near  the  pe«5toral 
( (lulluent  into  a  blotch.  Fins  and  abdomen  immaculate.  Length  10  inches. 
(^(Jiinther.)  Cape  of  Good  Hoi)e.  A  specimen  recorded  by  (liinther  from 
Cuba.  This  is  perhaps  an  error,  as  neither  Poey  nor  any  other  American 
writer  has  noticed  specimens  in  the  West  Indies.  The  fljiecies  is  unknown 
to  us.     {macula,  spot;  fero,  I  bear.) 

IHodiin  mamli/i-r,  Kaui',  Wiegiuauu's  Arcliiv  1855,  ii'JO,  Cape  of  Good  Hope;  Gi'XTHEii, 
Cat.,  VUI,  300,  1870. 


453;  JOKUA.N, 


684.  CHILOMYCTERUS,  I'.ibron. 
(liuim-FisiiEs.) 

Chilomycterus,  "Bibrox,  in  Unrnoville,  Kovuo  Zoologiquo,  40,  184C  {reticulafut—  tiijrinvii). 
Cliilomyeterun,  Kaup,  Wiegiii.  Ardilv  1847,  365  (antennatus). 
Ciieliclithi/g,  Kaup,  Wiegm.  Arcliiv  1855,  231  (orbiciilaris). 
I'liamchthrjH.  Kadp,  Wiegm.  Arcliiv  1855,  231  (ecerulcng). 

Dindon,  lit.EEKER,  Atl.  Iclitli.,  Oyiiiuoil.,  55,  1805  (atituja),  tlie  first  species  mentioned  by 
Linnajns:  not  Diodon,  as  earlier  restricted  by  Kaup  to  Diodun  lii/strix. 

iiody  broad,  depressed,  moderately  intlatable.  Dermal  spines  short, 
stout,  immovable,  triangular,  each  with  3  roots;  nasal  tube  simple, 
with  2  lateral  openings;  the  tube  sometimes  rounded,  sometimes  ilat- 
loued,  and  with  the  pjirtition  feeble  and  easily  torn  so  that  the  tentacle 
iippears  divided;  caudal  peduncle  short;  fins  small,  formed  as  in  Diodon; 
jaws  without  median  suture.  Species  numerous,  of  smaller  size  than 
tliose  of  Diodon,  the  spines  broader  and  lower,  their  bases  forming  a  coat 
(if  mail.  (^c?Ao?,  lip;  fivHrr'/p,  nose.  "Xarinesnon  closes  an  sommet,  mais 
cliaciine  ayant  Tapparence  de  deux  levres,  011  formee  do  deux  tcntacules 
rciinis  a  la  base." ) 

(Yri.icHTHVS  {kvk\(t<!,  round:  ix^us,  flsh) : 
n.  Nasal  tcntado  sulicylindrical,  not  divided. 

b.  Fins  unspotted;  supraorbital  spines  2,  with  gencr.ally  a  tentacle  between  them; 
a  Mpine  1     middle  of  forehead, 
c.  Superciliary  edge  raised. 

d.  Upjier  parts  greenish  black,  with  a  series  of  undulating  bliickish  stripes 
running  from  nape  backward;  a  similar  series  between  eyes  and 
across  face ;  an  ocellated  black  spot  above  i)ectoral ;  a  larger  one  he- 
hind  pectoral ;  an  ocellated  spot  on  each  side  of  dorsal,  and  an  elon- 
gated spot  behind  e.ach  of  the  ventral  .inteuiiie.  schcepfi,  ?165. 
dd.  Upper  parts  plain,  without  series  of  lines;  spots  as  in  sc/nrj)/. 

SPINOSUS,  2100. 
ddd.  Upper  parts  covere«l  with  black,  hexagonal  reticulations. 

ANTII.LAUUM,  2107. 

cc.  Sn]>erciliary  edge  not  raised;  upper  parts  with  inimcroiis  blai;k  dots,  souu) 
with  bluish  centers;  a  black  sjiot  in  middle  of  nape;  a  large  kidney- 
shaped  spot  above  pectoral,  and  a  subtriangular  blotch  before  and  along 
base  of  dorsal  tin;  a  series  of  autenuue  along  lower  part  of  side. 

ANTENNATUS,  2108. 


!•¥ 


m\  li.. 


^s 


..  •'/, 


1748         BiUletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


I 


1\ 


CniLOMYCTEnua : 

aa.  NuHiil  t<>ntarlo  flattened,  divided;  flnH  Bi>otted  witli  tilack;  siiprnorbital  npineH  ;;, 

i'ooble ;  nunc  on  Torelioad. 

e.  Supraocular  cirriiH  wi'll  developed;  upper  pnrtH  densely  covered  witli  small, 

round,  blackish  HpotB;  a  large  black  blotcli  liefontand  around  doi-Hal;  aniitliii' 

on  vnch  side  abovo  gill  (ipening  and  ])ectoral;  HpiucH  Hhuit,  coni]>reHHed  nii 

tcrior  root  flat,  longer  than  tlio  othera.  atinoa,  2\ni 

ee.  Supraocular  cirru.i  wanting;  upper  parts  with  short,  dark  Hlreaka  or  bai>, 

becoming  blotches  on  the  sides.  rALiFuUNiENBl.s,  217ii 

Subgenus  CYCLICHTHYS,  Kaup. 

2105.  ('ilYiiOMYI^TKIU'S  SCIKKPFI  (Walbaum). 

(Common  IUtrk-fish;  KAiiniT-Fisn;  Swei.ltoad;  Swki.lfish.) 

Head  2i;  depth  3.     l\  12;  A.  10.     Body  a  litth^  broader  than  deep  at 
gill  openings ;  interocular  space  broad,  concave ;  eyes  large,  lateral,  nearly 
as  long  as  suont,  each  with  a  cirrus  above  it,  longer  than  pupil ;  gill  o])eii 
ing  about  as  wide  as  eye,  opposite  upper  anterior  part  of  pectoral.    Aboiil 

9  spines  between  eye  and  tail,  their  height  e(iualing  diameter  of  pupil; 
spines  on  belly  unich  smaller,  partly  embedded  in  skin;  some  of  the  po.s- 
torioi  with  cirri;  spines  on  caudal  peduncle;  anterior  root  of  each  spine 
little  if  any  larger  than  others.  Pectoral  fin  deeix-r  than  long,  the  margin 
undulate,  the  upper  lobe  longest.  Greenish;  belly  pale;  a  round,  black, 
ocellatdd  spot  above  pectorals,  not  as  large  as  eye,  a  larger  one  behind 
pectorals,  another  at  base  of  dorsal,  with  a  smaller  one  below  it ;  back  nnd 
sides  with  parallel  black  strijies  of  uniform  width,  about  as  Avide  as  the 
interspaces,  those  on  the  back  running  longitudinally,  those  on  sides 
obliquely  downward  and  backward,  those  on  front  of  head  running  cross- 
wise, a  dark  bar  at  base  of  dorsal ;  belly  pale  in  the  adult,  often  black 
in  the  young;  other  fins  plain.  Length  6  to  10  inches.  Cape  Cod  to 
Florida;  very  abundant  southward  in  shallow  water;  especially  nunuT- 
ous  on  the  coast  of  the  Carolinas  and  Florida.  The  hotly  is  capable 
of  considerable  inflation,  but  less  than  is  the  case  with  the  Tetraodonts. 
"This  species  is  readily  recognized  by  the  dark  and  light  lines  of  tlio 
tipper  parts.  The  lines  are  parallel  and  meet  toward  the  back.  A  retic- 
ulation is  sometimes  formed  when  these  lines  meet  on  the  anterior  jiart  of 
the  back.  In  the  young  there  seem  to  be  more  lines  than  in  the  (dd.  Two 
specimens  examined,  3  inches  long,  have  17  lines  between  the  pectorals;  n 
specimen  5  inches  long  has  10  lines;  and  the  largest  specimen  examined, 

10  inches  long,  has  12  lines."  (Eigenmann.)  (Named  for  its  discovert?!-, 
Dr.  Johanu  David  Schopf,  noted  as  a  botanical  collector.) 

The  Toadfish,  SchOpk,  "  Schriften  Berlin  Gesellsch.  Naturl".  Freunde,  vii,  192, 1788,  "  Long 

Island. 
Diodon  schmpji,  "Walbadm,  Artedi  Pise,  001, 1792,  Long  Island ;  after  Schopf. 
?  Dindon  mmlini,  Walbaum,  Artedi  I'isc,  602, 1792,  no  locality. 
Diodon  gcometricus,  var.  Uneatus,  Blocu  ii.  Schneider,  Syst.  Ichth.,  513, 1801,  New  York  ; 

after  Schopf. 
Diodon  maeulostriatus,  Mitchill,  Fish.  N.  Y., 470,  pi.  56,  fig.  3, 1814,  New  York. 
Diodon  rivulatun,  CuviEli,  Meiu.  Mus.  llist.  Nat.,  IV,  129,  pi.  6,  1818,  New  York;  al'l.r 

Mitchiix. 


I"  '■; 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1749 


niodun  niiji-olinfatwi,  AYRE8,  Jiost.  Juiiru.  &'at.  Jlist.,  iv,  1842,  08,  Brook  Haven,  Long 

Island. 
l)iodimJuligino»u$,  I)e  Ivay,  N.Y. Fauna:  Flubes,  ;i'24,  ])1.  .W,  11};.  181,  184'2,  New  York; 

young. 
Iiiddun  verrucotug,  Db  Kay,  N.  Y.  Faunn :  Fialu'n,  ;t'25,  pi.  5»!,  lij;.  184,  184'2,  New  York ; 

young. 
( j:ilnmijetcrv$  geomotricui,  Kait,  \Vlogni.  Arcliiv  1847,  var.  n  antW*,-  UOnther,  Cat.,  Viii, 

310,  1870;  (JooKE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1879,  109;  JoiiDAN  &  (iiLiiEUT,  Synopsis,  86;i, 

188U;  uut  Diodon  geometricui,  Blocu  &  Sciinkiuer. 


21rt«.  nilLOMYrTKRrS  SPIXOSrS  (Linnaus 


I'liis  spocios,  according  to  (tiinther,  (lifters  from  Ckilomiicterufi  achupji 
only  in  the  coloration,  the  dark  lines  on  the  back  being  absent.  We  have 
Hcun  no  specinu^ns  of  it  and  do  not  know  whether  it  is  a  distinct  species 
or  not.  In  case  the  two  species  arc  identical  tlie  nanu^  Hpinomix  ha.s  priority. 
West  Indies  and  coast  of  Brazil;  not  seen  by  us.     {Hpinoaus,  spinous.) 

liiiainaiacu  atinija,  Marcorave,  Hist.  Bra.sil.,  168, 164K,  Brazil. 

()i>ii»  tnuricatUK,  Itanmrictu  Onamaiaev  yUinjra,  WnxroHBY,  Historia  riscium,  14.'i, ''CSti, 

Brazil ;  description  copied  from  Makcorave,  but  with  a  now  figure  rcpresuiitiug  Vhilo- 

vitjcterug  tchcej'fi- 
.1  thi'ia  alter  minor  orbicularis,  Lister,  Willugliby,  Hist.  Pise,  15.5, 1686. 
Hnainaiaeuatinga,  Marcgrave,  Hist. Nat.,  168,1648,  "in  mari." 
Ontntcion  tubrotundus  ventre  ylabro,  Artedi,  Gen.  69,  No.  15, 1738. 
Diodon  spinosuB,  Iah^mvh,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  x,  335, 1758,  India ;  based  on  Artedi. 
Le  Diodon  orbe,  Lackimcde,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  u,  16, 1798,  Rio  Janeiro. 
Diodon  yeometricnn,  Blocii  &.  Schneider,  Iclitli.,  513,  pi,  96, 1801,  America. 
Ciji-iichthys  eornutus,  Kaup,  AViegm.  Archiv  1855,  231,  Bahia. 
(7ii7"»ii/ott.TM#  flicy)«ctnc«#,  var.  1/,  GCnther,  Cat.,  311,  1870;  typo  of  Cijclichthys  curnutus, 

IvAUi'. 


2, 1788,  '  Long 


i.  New  York ; 


2l«7.  (  IIILOMYCTKKUH  AMILLARI  M,  Jordan  &  Uutter. 

Allied  to  Chilomijchrua  achapfi,  diftering  in  having  the  whole  body  cov- 
ered with  black  hexagonal  reticulations  instead  of  parallel  lines.  Snpra- 
oiltital  spines  2,  1  frontal  8i)ine,  a  single  spine  below  and  in  front  of  eye, 
2  l)etween  eye  and  gill  opening;  interorbital  space  deeply  concave;  a 
transverse  series  of  cirri  i)n  chin,  and  nearly  all  of  the  spines  along  the 
in.irgin  of  the  belly  have  cirri,  but  there  is  none  above  the  eyes.  Spines 
short  and  flat.  Color  in  alcohol,  above,  chestnut  brown,  paler  on  sides, 
yellowish  below,  the  body  everywhere  covered  with  reticulating  black 
lines  inclosing  more  or  less  nearly  hexagonal  areas  somewhat  smaller  than 
the  pupil ;  on  the  belly  the  lines  become  heavier,  so  that  Poey's  character  of 
••orange  spots  in  a  dark  background"  is  not  far  wrong;  an  ocellated 
black  spot  about  the  size  of  tlie  eye  above  the  pectoral,  another  behind  it, 
;ind  1  on  each  side  of  the  dorsal;  a  black  blotch  on  chin  in  front  of  the 
row  of  cirri  and  another  at  each  end.  Cuba  and  Jamaica.  Here  described 
from  specimens  taken  at  Kingston,     {(tntillarum,  of  the  Antilles.) 

Cliilomycterut/uliginotus  au  species  dubia .'  1'oey,  Synopsis  Peso.  Cuba,  42D,  1868,  Havana. 
Chiloiiii/cterut  aniillarum,  Jordan  &  IIutter,  l*ro(!.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Thila,  1897, 131, Jamaica. 
(Type,  No.  5056,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mu8.  Coll.  Kev.  J.  S.  Eoberta. ) 


.    d:,- 


yi 


.■I   .   ;     ■I'J 


1750         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

iU\K  CillLONYt'TEBI'K  AXTKXXATIS  (Cuvier). 

SpiiK-H  strong,  Itiit  Hbnrt;  2  abnvo  tlio  orbit,  1  luort)  or  less  proiniiiuni 
in  tho  nii«ldb«  of  tbo  ibrrbt'iHl.  .Siipcrciliury  cdjjt"  not  iiiiscd;  gem-rnily  ,1 
tcntiiclo  bctwct'u  tbr  tsiiperciiiary  spines.  Tont.u'Ies  iilony;  lower  part  »il 
Hide,  1  on  each  Hidu  an<l  in  advant-e  of  anal  liii  Itring  »8puciully  din'tl- 
op«Ml.  Tail  HpinclosH,  but  tb»^  roots  of  1  pair  of  Hpini-a  rt^at-bin^  across 
lichind  dorsal  fin.  A  black  s])ot  in  niid<IIcof  nape;  a  large  kidncy-sbapcil 
spot  nitovc  pectoral,  aiul  a  subtriangnlar  blotch  befo:'*^  and  alou;>  biisu  01 
dorsal  lin;  generally  a  small  black  spot  bel(»w  eye;  some  or  all  of  thesi 
spots  edgt^d  with  lighter;  npper  and  lateral  parts  with  nnnieronc  biads 
dots,  some  with  a  bluish  ptipil;  abdomen  brown  ;  lins  unspotted.  Lengti; 
8  inches.  West  Indies  and  southward;  recorded  from  St.  Croix,  Jamaica, 
Porto  Rico,  and  the  Capo  of  (Jood  Hope.  Not  socn  by  us.  {anhnnalux, 
having  I'eelers. ) 

IHodon  antennatuM,  Ci'ViEU,  Mt'in.  Miis.,  iv,  llll,  j)!.  7, 1H18. 
Cliilomiieteni»])>invticulatii»,  I'oEY,  Anal.  Hist.  Nat.,.'J4(l,  1881,  Porto  Rico. 
Chilumyctcrui  antennatus,  Kaui',  AVicjjm.  Arcliiv  1855, 23iii  UUntueu, Cut.,  vni,  Jll,  187(i. 

Subgenus  CHILOMYCTERUS. 
21G0.  ClIILONYCTKItllS  AT1>'»A  (Linntsus). 


;:ii 


(AriNiiA.) 

Head  2^;  depth  2 J.  D.  12  or  13;  A.  12  or  13;  P.  12;  C.  10.  Spines  very 
short,  compressed,  Avith  long,  strong,  flat,  ridged  roots,  tho  auteritir  loui 
the  longest;  supraocular  cirrus  avcH  (leveloju'd.  Forehead  flat,  without 
spine.  Three  fc«'blo  supraorbital  spines,  tho  inner  root  of  tho  foremost 
overlapping  frontal  bones.  Nostrils  in  front  of  orbit.  Generally  2  osseous 
stripes  across  back  of  tail,  behind  dorsal  fni ;  abdominal  ossilications  nearly 
as  much  developed  as  those  on  back ;  8  in  a  longitudinal  series  nearest  to 
median  line  of  back.  Body  and  fins  mostly  covered  with  small  round 
black  spots;  a  large  black  blotch  before  and  around  dorsal;  another  on 
each  side  above  gill  opening  and  pectoral ;  sjtots  of  the  ba<rk  more  or  less 
ocellated,  and  of  the  size  of  the  pupil;  those  of  tho  tins  much  smaller. 
W«'st  Indies,  north  to  Bermuda  and  Florida  Keys,  common  southward ; 
readily  known  by  the  spotted  tins,  (atiiiga,  a  Portuguese  name  of  the 
species  in  Brazil.) 

Orbis  muricatus et  reticulat.us,  Listku,  in  "Willughby,  llistoriiiPisciuiu,  155,  pi.  i,  IS'o.  7,  lair, 
IC86,  uo  locality. 

Ostracion  subrotundus  aculcii  undique  brevihug  triijuetrit  rarin,  Aktkdi,  Genera,  59,  IT.iX, 
descrijition  from  a  sijocinien  seen  iu  the  Greuu  Dragon  at  Stepney,  presunmbly  of  tliis 
Bpecies,  as  Lister  is  (ptotetl  iu  the  .synonymy,  and  his  figure  is  characteristic. 

Oitracion  bidfns  sphcerints  aculeis  undiijne  Uensis  trlquetris,  Autedi,  Genera,  50,  17:JS, 
based  on  a  specimen  in  the  collection  of  Soba  at  Anisterdara  "  Jrtacttte  nigrce  lata,  ad 
2>inna8  et  caudani;  "  reference  in  synonyniy  to  Atinya  alter  minor  orbicularis,  Listei:, 
in  'Willughby,  Ilistoria  Piscium,  155, 1086,  which  seems  to  be  Chilomyctems  tpinosus. 

IHodon  attnj/a  (misprinted  atringa),  LiNNiKCs,  Syst.  Nat.,  ¥:A.  x,  334,  1758,  India,-  after 
Oitracion  bidcns  sptiwricus  of  Abtedi  ;  not  of  most  lat«r  authors. 


ill' 


IIk. 


li!' 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fisfies  of  North  America.     VITA 


[)r<)inineiil 
euoiiilly  ,1 
«'!■  part  111 
illy  lUivtl- 
iiijj;  across 
«'y-Hliap(ii 
uj>  biisc  of 
11  of  th.s. 

«HU    blue  Is 

.    Leiijitli 
,  Jamaica, 


III,  ;J11,  18711. 


IHodnn  reticuUituK,  LiNN.KUH,  SyHt.  Nat.,  Kd.  x.  :i;n,  17.08,  India :  after  OHtracInn  tuhrutuiuHii, 

utc.AuTKiti;  (iCNTiiKii,  Cat.,  VIII,  ;ti:i,  1«70. 
■  liilomycteruM  rHiculatug,  JoitOAN  A  (iiMiEBT,  Hyiio|miH,  OtlO,  1H8.'I. 

2170.  UillLOMYCTKItrH  CALII-'OitMKNKIS,  Ki;;nniiiuiiii. 

No  t.('Uta<'l('Haiiy  wiiiTc.  SpincHofhack  all  low,  those  of  lV<mto»|)e»ially 
(>,  iiicruaMin^  in  size  toward  lu-ily  whcro  tlusy  heroine  imich  lar^for  tiiaii 
I  lioso  of  hack.  .No  spiiio  ou  iiiiiUllo  (»f  forehcatl.  A  spine  at  upper  ant«>rior 
initio  ul'  orhit;  1  ahovo,  HOiiiewbat  hcliiiid  its  iiiidtlle;  1  slightly  behind 
and  nhovi^  its  npper  posterior  anjjie;  another  hallway  between  the  last  and 
I  he  upper  anjirle  of  pectoral,  and  another  before  and  a  litth^  above  the 
upper  margin  of  pectoral.  lUne  abov«!,  white  below;  forehead  and  bases 
i'\'  all  the  fins  with  Hiiiall  (/,;  in.)  dark  spots,  fewer  on  anal;  back  densely 
coven'd  with  short  streaks  or  bars,  which  become  larger  spots  on  sides;  a 
low  r«)un«l  dark  spots  (:j^  inch  in  diameter)  on  belly;  spots  below  eye  larger 
than  those  on  fondiead,  similar  in  si/e  to  those  on  caudal  peduncle. 
Length  9i  inches.  San  Pedro,  California.  (Eigciiuiaun).  Apparently 
very  rare;  only  the  type  known. 

iliilomyeteruH  cali/oitiiinns^  Kkiknmann,  Amor.  Nat.,  V,  1891,  2."),  1133,  San  Pedro,  Cali- 
fornia.    (Coll.  C.  II.  Eigminiann.) 


ipines  very 
[terior  root 
without 
foreni(»st 
2  o.sseous 
ons  nearly 
earest  to 
all  round 
uother  on 
ore  or  lews 
smaller, 
uthward ; 
me  of  tho 

I,  No.  7,  fair. 

;ra,  59,  17:is. 

lably  of  tills 

tie. 

ra,  51),  17U8, 

jrce  latce,  ail 

ris,  LiSTEii. 

ipinosux. 

ndia;  after 


685.  LYOSPHiERA,  Evennann  A  Kendall. 

Liioiphatray  Eveumann  &  Kendall,  ISiill.  V.  S.  Fish.  Coinm.  1897,  131  (ijlobom). 

This  genus  is  distinguished  from  Ch'domyvtvrutt  by  its  armature  of  flat- 
tish,  papery  or  cartilaginous  plates  to  whicli  are  attached  minute  hair-like 
]iapilLe.  The  nostril,  as  in  Diodon,  is  undivided  and  has  li  latei-al  open- 
ings.    {XvGO,  to  loose,  i.  e.,  lax,  llabby;  (5>(>'.xipa,  sphere,  ball.) 

2171.  LYOSPH.ER\  CaiOBOSA,  Kvennaiiii  &  Ki)iidiill. 

Mead  3^;  depth  1|;  eye  3^  in  head;  snout  1.  D.ll;  A.  4.  Form  oblong 
ovoid;  head  broad,  interorldtal  space  slightly  convex,  broad,  its  width 
i.i,  in  head.  Dorsal  and  anal  far  back,  each  separated  from  the  caudal  by 
a  space  etjiial  to  |  diameter  of  eye,  vm-\\.  very  small,  the  anal  rays  scarcely 
distinguishable;  pectoral  broad  and  short,  about  20  rays,  the  length  less 
than  interorbital  width.  Tooth  of  each  jaw  scdid  and  continuous.  En- 
tire body  sparsely  covered  with  minute  hair-like  appendag*',  or  very 
liexiblc  dermal  papilhe,  these  very  short  (;,\t  inch  long),  appearing  to  be 
2-rooted,  and  attsiched  to  Hattish,  papery  or  cartilaginous  plates.  Nostril 
in  a  short  papilla  with  2  lateral  openings  and  no  division  at  tij).  Ground 
rolor  yellowish  white,  this  <'olor  regularly  broken  up  into  numerous  round- 
ish or  hexagonal  spots  by  a  network  of  dark  brown,  the  width  of  the 
lirown  spaces  being  usually  h'ss  than  :J:  the  diameter  of  tho  spots  which 
are  smallest  on  back  and  top  of  head ;  a  villous  papilla  in  the  center  of  each 
s])ot.  Length  of  typ«'  1|  inches.  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States; 
known  from  the  mouth  of  the  Rappahannock  River  and  from  Biscayne 


s 


,#. 


f- 


H 


1 


iiii 


1752  DuUdin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


May,  Kloridit.  Tlio  2  Bpt*ciinenH  from  th«  Uiip|talmiino(k  ajjiw '"loHoly  in 
color,  but  the  1  from  (.'iipu  Florida,  wliich  iiitpoarH  to  ho  ii  yoiiugur  intii 
viduul,  ditiurs  from  thorn  Homewhat  \\\  color.  It  may  bii  dt-Hcribod  .is 
bein^;  ]>alo  yellowiMli  white,  with  about  50  narrow  dark-brown  or  Idac.K- 
ish  ringN  or  circles,  each  iiicloHiug  a  cirnilar  spot  of  tlio  pale  yellowiNli 
white,  thcHe  circleu  HiiialluHt  on  the  back  and  not  touching  each  oth(  i 
aiiywh«>re;  on  the  belly  they  are  distant  from  each  other  a  distance  aboiii 
equal  to  their  own  diameter.  It  seems  that  as  tho  lish  grows  older  thcst' 
dark  rings  ajiproach  each  other  and  tinally  unite  to  form  the  reticulations 
seen  in  the  2  other  specimens.  Wc  were  at  first  disjHJsed  to  regard  these 
specimens  as  being  tlio  young  of  some  known  species,  or  possibly  Triclio 
(CiodoH  piloHus*  (Mitchill),  but  an  examination  of  Do  Kay's  figure  t  show,- 
that  they  can  not  bo  Mitchill's  species.  It  is  ei|ually  apparent  that  tliey 
can  not  be  Cuvier's  Diodon  nspert  or  Giinther's  Trkliocijlus  crlnaceua^. 
(Evermann  &,  Kendall.)     (t/loboHus,  sidierical.) 

Lijoaphtrra  globom,  Eveumann  &  Kendai.i.,  Hull.  l'.  S.  Fish  ("oiiini.  1897,  KM,  jtl.  9,  tigs 
11  1111(1  12,  Rappahannock  River,  near  mouth  of  Windmill  Creek,  Virginia.  ('I\vii<', 
No.  48704,  U.  S.  Nut.  Mu».    Coll.  Evermann  Jt  Konilull.) 

Family  CLXXV.  :M0LID.E. 

(The  Hkai»-i  isiiks.) 

Body  oblong  or  more  or  less  short  and  deep,  compressed,  truncate  behind, 
so  that  there  is  no  caudal  peduncle.  Skin  rough,  naked,  spinous,  or  tes- 
sellated. Mouth  very  snuill,  terminal ;  teeth  completely  united  in  each  Jaw . 
forming  a  bony  beak  without  median  suture,  as  in  the  Diodontidw.  l)«)rsal 
and  anal  fins  similar  to  each  other,  falcate  in  front,  the  ]M>sterior  parts 
more  or  less  perfectly  contluent  with  the  caudal  around  the  tail;  uo  spi- 
nous dorsal;  uo  ventral  fins;  pelvic  bono  undeveloped;  pectorals  present. 
Belly  not  inflatable;  gill  o])ening8  small,  in  front  of  pectorals;  an  acces- 
sory opercular  gill;  no  air  bladder.  Fishes  of  the  open  seas,  ai)parentiy 
composed  of  a  huge  head  to  which  small  fins  ar«-  attached.  Cienera  8,  spe- 
cies about  (),  found  in  most  warm  seas,  pelagic;  in  habit,  and  reaching  a 
very  large  size.  The  very  young  are  variously  shortened  in  form  and 
armed  with  spines.  These  have  been  often  regarded  as  a  di.stinct  genus 
(MolacatithuH).  The  flesh  in  these  fishes  is  coarse  and  tough,  and  they  are 
not  used  as  food.  ( Gymnodontea,  group  JiloHna,  Giiuther,  Cat.,  viii,  317-320, 
1870. ) 

MoLIN.B : 
a.  Body  suborbiciilar,  not  twlco  as  long  as  deep;  skin  thick,  rougli,  gristly,  without 
hexagonal  plates.  Mola,  68ij. 

RANZANUNvK: 

art.  Body  oblong,  about  twice  as  long  as  deep;  skin  sniootli,  tessellated,  witli  sniootli 
hexagonal  plates.  IIanzania,  fi.ST. 


*  THodon  pilotvt,  MlTCmfJ-,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil.  .Soc.,  A^>l.  i,  1815,  471,  pi.  6,  tig.  4. 
I  Do  Kay,  N.  Y   Fanna:  Fislies,  ItaO.  j)!.  .OD,  fig.  180,  1842. 
;  IHoiIii'h  atper,  CuviKK,  Mem.  du  Museum,  iv,  1818. 
§  Giiuther,  Cat.,  vu,  aiG,  1870. 


_^js^««i?:^=^!^- 


'  ' 


Jordan  and  Evermatin, — Fishes  of  North  America,      1753 


Itmoly  ill 
;er  iiuli 
i'il»0(l  ;is 
r  ItlucK 
ellowisli 
I'll  otbt  I 
I'O  ulmiii 
Icr  thesis 
'uliitions 
.1(1  thosf 
y  Tricliu- 
at  Bhows 
that  tliey 
inaveua  vV 


1>1.  »,  tigs, 
ia.     (Tvjir, 


to  behind, 
us,  or  tcs- 
1  each  jaw, 
Dorsal 
rior  parts 
;  no  spi- 
s  present, 
iin  acces- 
parcntly 
3ra  3,  Bpo- 
eachiuj;  a 
form  antl 
I't  genus 
they  arc 
,  317-320, 


Jly,  without 
IMOLA,  681!. 

ith  smootli 

IZANIA,087. 

le,  fit;-  •!• 


686.  MOLA,  {"nvler. 

(IIead-ki.siiks.) 

\!(ila,  UrviKH,  Talileim  filt'iii.  liiHt.  Niit.  Aniiiiaiix,  IIJIl,  171W  {rotiinda  -  mola). 
<>ithniiii>ri)iviiii,  Bi.ocii,  Sy«l.  li'htli.,  .Sflmciilt!!'  K<l.,5I0, 1801  (luvla) ;  iiiiHi)riiit  for  OHhtujit- 

rincxii.  ' 

I  ,-phalut,  Shaw,  ( iencrnl  Zoolojjy,  v,  2, 43a,  1804  (uiolit). 
I uthmiiun,  JiAi'i.sK8(iUK,  (Jarutt.  Ale.  Niiov.  (ien. e Nuov.  Sp.  Aiiini. « IMaiilo doUa Sicilia,  17, 

1810  {Iniut      mola). 
IHlilaitcliia*,  KAKiNKS(iUE,  (,'aratt.  .Vic.  Niiov.  Gen.  e  Nuov.  8p.  Aiiiiii.  e  I'iaiilo  di  11a  Slcilin, 

17, 1810  (namii—mola). 
TiimiKiiiomium,  Ua.nzani,  Novi  Conini.  Ac.  Sci.  Itonoii.,  v,  ;i,  )il.  after  ]•.  81, 18;i7  (yttanei.^ 

mola). 
TiiuiatopHt,  ItANZANi,  N(»vi  (Jomiii.  Ac  Sci.  Honoii.,  v,  3,  pi.  after  p. 81,  IS'JT  (irillinjhbeii  — 

mola). 
(i:oilura,  Kanzani,  Novi  Coinni.  Ac.  Sci.  Uoiion.,  v,  3,  pi.  after  \>.  si,  1837  (ortiui      mola). 
I'nUtUiin  (UuiLUiNO  MS.)  SWAINSON,  Nat.  Hint.  aiidClass'ii  KIhIios,  i4c.,  V,  1,  101);  v,  2, 105, 

:!21),  1839. 
.Uii/oH,  Uastelnau,  MC;m. sur  roissonB  Afri<iuo  Aiist.,75,  .'1800  (»toreri=^mola). 

I.AUVAl.  FolOIS. 

Mtitacantlinx,  SWAINSON,  Nat.  Hist,  and  Cla.'<s'n  Fishes,  etc,  v,  2, 195,  329,  1839  {pallasi). 
I'ttlldHia,  Nahdo,  Anu.  Sci.  Uc^no  Liinibard.,  Venct.,  v,  10, 112,  1840  (iiallagi). 
.1  cini/Z/osoma,  1)E  Kay,  New  YorkFaiiiia:  Fishes,  330, 1842  {ca linatnm) . 
(nitauniM,  IvAUi',  Archiv,  Natiirgest^li.  1855,  i,  221  (hoops). 

Hotly  ovate,  stronjily  compressed,  covered  witli  a  thick,  rou<;h,  leathery, 
ela.stio  skin,  which  is  without  bony  i)lates.  Profile  forminj?  a  projecting 
llesliy  nose  above  the  mouth.  Dorsal  fin  beginning  not  far  behind  pecto- 
rals, short  an<l  high,  falcate,  confluent  with  the  anal  around  the  tail;  no 
liu'fie  spines  on  the  body.  Clumsy  fishes,  found  in  most  warm  seas,  reach- 
ing a  great  size ;  the  yonng  (Molacanihun) "  Avith  the  body  deeper,  much  com- 
pressed, without  trace  of  caudal  fin,  its  place  taken  by  a  row  of  marginal 
s})iiics.     {molu,  a  millstone.) 

2172,  MOliA  MOr.A  (I.innieiia;. 

(SCNKI-HU;   llBAD-FISU;  MOLA ;    TkZ  LUNA.) 

Head  3;  depth  T?.  D.  17;  A.  Ifi.  Dorsal  und  anal  tins  high  in  front, 
r.iiiidly  decreasing  backward,  the  height  of  each  about  2.A  in  length  of 
body  in  adult;  caudal  fin  low,  with  a  wiVvy  outline.     Depth  always  more 


The  uoniiunl  g^oniin  ifola  can  thus,  Swainson  {Pallana,  Nardo;  Acanthoiioma.  Do  Kay) 
liiis  llius  hi?eu  detinwl:  Body  suborhicular,  niucli  coini)re8sed.  doejter  tiiaii  long,  covered 
liv  :i  tliin  silvery  skin  on  ^vhich  are  nianv  strong  spines.  Dorsal  and  anal  tins  hi^h  and 
Hliipit,  not  <'oiitliieut,  the  space  on  the  tail  between  them  occupied  by  a  row  of  sniiill  spines; 
im  interspinal  bones  for  the  support  of  the  caudal ;  pectorals  moderate.  Intestines  short, 
Willi  l)ut  2  turns.  These  small  tishcs  were  long  {{enerally  considered  as  the  younji  of 
Mola.  The  researches  of  Prof.  Frederick  Ward  i'utnam  (Am.  Nat.,  Dec,  1870)  seemed  to 
sliow  tiiat  they  were  adult  tisbes  allied  to  Mola,  careful  comparisons  having  been  made  by 
liiiii  between  Molacanthus  and  tlio  younjtof  J/of«.  In  a  specially  valuable  paper  "On  the 
iiii;;iu  of  heterocercy  and  the  evolution  of  tiie  tin.s  and  tin  rays  ot'  fishes "  (Kept.  U.  S.  Fish 
Cuiiiin.  for  1884),  the  late  Prof.  John  A.  Kyder,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
caiifully  discussed  the  relations  of  MolaccinUius  to  Mola.  The  researches  of  Professor 
Rviler  leave  no  doubt  that  Molaeanthnit  is  simply  a  post-larval  piiase  in  the  devehipmeiit 
of  Miila,  as  was  supposcil  by  Liitkon,  Steeiistrup,  and  Giintiier.  According  to  Uvder,  the 
c.irliest  forms  of  Mola  (corresiiondiug  to  the  form  called  Ostracion  boops  by  Uichardson) 
will  1)0  found  to  have  a  distiuut  tail. 

3030 33 


I?  |t' 


m 


1 


17r»4         Ihdktin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


tliiiii  \  length,  iiihI  in  t)io  yoiin^  tho  Vfitical  <liaiiift»r  uxcucdiiijL;  tli' 
loi);;itu(linaI.  Form  viiryiii);  iniich  with  \\\i\\  tho  budy  Uucoiiiiiif;  iiioii' 
«lungiite,  tlio  tiiiH  «-oiii]ianitiv<'Iy  Hhortor,  the  («yo  iniKh  Hiunller,  uiul  1 
hiiiiip  being  (It'vdopud  iibovo  the  month,  top|)e<l  Ity  an  oHHitoiin  tubeK  li . 
Dark  gray;  sides  grayish  brown,  with  silvery  relleetionM;  holly  dii,si<\  ; 
a  liroad  blaokiHli  bur  viinning  along  the  baNos  of  the  dorHal,  caudal,  iiml 
anal  linH.  I'elagic,  inhabiting  most  tt^niporate  and  tropical  nouh,  Hwin 
niing  Hlowly  altoiit,  near  the  Hiirface,  the  high  dorsal  ub'ovr  the  Nurtiu c. 
Common  northward  to  Kngland,  (JapeC'od,  and  iSan  FrarM-isoo;  rare  in  tlm 
Wettt  Indifs.  It  reaches  a  weight  of  HOO  to  l,r><)0  poiindH.  The  largest 
specimen  known  t«>  us  was  takrn  at  Kedondo  Itcach,  Calilbrnin,  in  ,)niii>, 
Wd'Af  and  nH)nnt(<d  by  Mr,  T.  Shooter,  of  Los  Angeles.  ThiH  was  8  feet  '1 
inches  hmg  an<l  weighed  in  life  1,800  jioiinds.  The  I'acilii^  Ocean  form. 
which  ranges  from  San  Franci8<o  to  Mazntlan,  Keems  to  bo  fnlly  identic  il 
\i\i\\  Mola  nuAa,     (Eu.)     (}»o/u,  a  niillstono.) 

Tetrodunmnla,  Li.NN.Kfs,  Syst.  Nat.,  Kd.  x,ay4, 412,  17B8,  Mediterranean;  aftor  Ostraifn 

eatlietoplatrnt  nubrotundiit,  Aii'i'ii:i>i,  (leiioru,  61,  1738. 
Tetroiliin  liiiif,  LAcrii'i.DK,  Hist.  Nat.  PoIhu.,  i,  fioO,  171I8. 

Miiln  aciili'dla,  KoLBEri kk,  Nov.  ('omiii.  I'ntroiiol.,  x,  l"(Mt,  ;137,  i>l. 8,  llfj.s.  'J  ami  3. 
OrtUrnijorixr.uKhinnihig,  Wunu  \  ScHNEnn:n,  S.vst.  Iclitli.,  511, 1801. 
OrlliragoritetiK  itr  Luna  2>itcig,  Ito.MiEl.KT,  Du  IMhc!'>iih,  424. 
JHodun  earinatu*,  AlncHiLi-,  Ann.  Lye.  Nnt.  Hist.  Now  York,  n,  1815,  204,  pi.  6,  fig.  1,  New 

York. 
Afanthosiim*  carinatvm,  De  Kay,  New  York,  Fauna:  Finlies,  ;i30,  jil.  ,'>."),  llg.  170,  1842. 
Mola  rotunda,  Cuv'eb,  Tableau  Kloni.  Nat.  UiHt.,  323, 1798;  attM  Tetrodon  mola,  Linn.ki>.; 

Jordan  it  Gilhkut,  Syiu>i>8iH,  8(1.''>,  188?. 
OrthaptirUai*  viola,  ItLOCii         ciinhideu,  .Syst.  lelitli.,  510, 1801. 
Orthmjorucus /atciatun,  IJlocji  ifc  Scmneideh,  Sy.st.  Iclith.,511, 1801. 
Cfjihalit*  brcinn,  Shaw,  On.  Zooloj^y,  v,  437,  pi.  175, 1804. 
('pphaliis  2>allasianu»,  Smaw,  Gen.  Ztiol.,  v,  440,  1804. 
OrthanoritcuH  ipino/nti,CvyiEn,  lU'fjne  Anim.,  1817. 
dephaluD  oitha!iori»cu§,  Kisso,  Eur.  Merid.,  Hi,  173,  1826. 
Ozodvra  orsini,  Kan/.an'i,  Nov.  Coiiini.  Ae.  Sci.  Inst,  liunon.,  ill,  82,  1839,  Mediterranean 

Sea;  llAN/A.M,  I.e.,  pi.  0,  1839. 
Tijinpanotniiim  planei,  Kanzani,  I.  c,  table,  1830,  Adriatic  Sea. 
IMplanehiaK  namm,  IJa.nzani,  I.  c,  table,  "  in  niurei  HicuI6." 
Tremntopitin  n'illwjhei,  1!an/.ani,  I.e.,  table,  in  oceano. 
Orthragorincvt  ri'tiii,  Hanzani,  I.  c,  table,  no  locality. 
()rthragon»cuH  ghini,  Kanzani,  2.  c,  table,  Mediterranean  Sea. 
Orthragoritcus  rondeletii,  JIanzani,  I.e.,  Mediterranean  Sea. 
Orthragontcua hlocldi,  Kanzani,  I.  c,  "in  marl  oceano." 
Orthragorigcns  alcxandrini,  Hanzani,  I.e.,  Adriatic  Sea. 
Ortli ragorhcus  redi,  Kanzani,  I.e.,  Mediterranean  Sea. 
Orthragoriscus  oculeatun,  Hanzani,  I.e.,  no  locality. 

Orthragoriscvs  lunarit,  OUONOW,  Cat.  FishCB,  Ed.  Gray,  105, 1854,  Mediterranean  Sea. 
OrthragoriscuK  Solaris,  Gronow,  Cat.  Fislies,  Ed.  Gray,  165, 1854,  Mediterranean  Sea. 
(Mhragoritcvs elegans,  Hanzani,  I.e.,  Atlantic  Ocean. 
Orthragoriicvs  hattarm,  Ranzani,  I.e.,  Adriatic  Sea. 
Aledon  storeri,  Castelnau,  Poiss.  Afr.  Austr.,  75, 76. 
Alcdoa  eapcnds,  Casteijjau,  I.e. 

Pallasia  pallaii,  Nahd  J,  Ann.  So.  Regno  Lombard.  Venet.,  X,  112, 1840. 
Orthagoriseus  analis,  A  yres,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  II,  1854, 31,  Hg.  54,  San  Francisco. 
Mola  nasiii,  Steenstrup  &.  LI'tken,  Overs.  Danak.  Vid.  Solsk.  Forh.,  36, 1863. 
Mola  rctzii,  Steenistruc  &  LCtken,  I.  e. 
1  Orthagoriteun,  sp.,  Swinhoe,  Ann.  &.  Mag.  Nat;  Hist.,  xii,  1863, 225. 


T' 


Jordan  and  F.vcnnann.  — F/s/trs  of  North  Anwrica.      W\Vi 

i)ttliniijiii-i*oiiii  ti:iiduia,  llMiTiNii,  Vitrhuiul.  Ak.  U  >■{.  AiiiHlord.,  I  4H,  \>U.  I  H,  \MH. 
iiitiiifiiiii  hitiiiit,  KiciiAiiiiHiiN,  Voy.  l''.r»l)iiH  A  Ti-rror,  1<  liili.,  WS,  1MJ4,  South  Atlantic. 
I  I'll  ((I  II  ruN  bvopi,  KauI'  (vi<ry  yuiiu^  lurvu),  An  hlv.  Niituru.,  1, 1800,  '£i\. 

687.  KANZANIA,  Nanlo. 

(l\lN«i    <)l'   Tlir.    Ma(  KKKKI.H.) 
L'liiizania,  Nauiio,  Ann.  Scl.  It(i);ii.  LotnhRnl.  Vciict.,  V,  Id,  !().'>,  1840  (triinenluii). 

Itoily  oblong,  Mio  (le|ttli  tiboiit  ^  height;  nkin  Hiiiuoth,  tfHMollatol, 
ili\i(I«>il  into  Niiiull  li»\aKonal  Htiitolla;  <Miu<iul  truiivato;  othurwiHt)  UHHfii- 
liiilly  aH  in  .\fola,  thu  mi/u  Hniallttr;  tlio  larval  I'DiinH  nnknown.  I'fla^io. 
(Niuneil  I'ur  Cuinillo  Kan/ani,  of  ltolo;;ua,  an  oxcollent  natnraliHt,  who 
wan  le<l  l*y  the  variati«>nM  in  tlio  form  o( MoUi  to  uu  inoll'«-utiv<>  Hubdivision 
III'  tbf  HpucloH  iutu  numy  genera.) 


iftcr  Ostraci'ii 


1.5,  lig.  1,  Niw 


Mediterranean 


21i».  UAM/AMA  THI  NtiTA  (1M/,Iiih). 

M.'iul  not  quite  3;  depth  ab<»nt  2.  D.  1(5  to  19;  I'.  12  or  i:i;  A.  19;  C.  18 
t(»  '2'2.  15ody  elongated  «)vato  with  the  sides  coniprossed.  Kye  2  to  .'{  times 
in  snont;  snout  straight;  niontli  anterior  and  opposite  renter  of  eye. 
(iiiidal  very  short,  its  base  straigiit,  slightly  oblique;  dorsal  and  unal  at 
the  *>xtremu  end  of  dorsal  and  abdominal  protilos  and  connected  to  the 
caudal;  pectoral  somewhat  pointed.  Skin  smooth  and  divided  into  small 
luixagonal  plates  like  nu>saic.  Color:  "Immediately  before  death  the 
(dlors  were  most  brilliant,  the  back  being  of  a  dark  purple,  gradinilly 
(Ircreasing  in  intensity  to  the  belly,  which  was  white  with  golden  rellec- 
tinns,  the  side  marked  with  green  lines  on  the  ])urple;  toward  the  tail 
till  re  were  several  irregular  white  spots  altout  the  size  of  a  threepenny 
|iii;ie;  the  dorsal,  amil,  and  pectoral  tins  were  of  a  pale  lead  color,  hut 
liii-  raudal  tin  was  nu)st  brilliiint,  being  of  a  bright  burnished  silver,  with 
|ii  ismatic  retlecti(MiH,  the  rays  tinged  with  purple,  while  between  the  rays 
tlicre  were  keyhole-shapcnl  markings,  edgiid  with  gold,  forming  such  a 
luilliant  combination  of  colors  as  is  not  easily  innigined;  luit  this  bril- 
liiiiiry  entirely  vanished  a  few  minutes  after  the  death  of  the  lisli,  when 
it  assnmotl  the  dull-blue  color  of  the  lignre  in  Couch's  Fishes  of  the  IJrit- 
isli  Isles,  which  is  exceedingly  good,  but  might  have  been  a  few  shades 
iliirUer."  (S.  Clogg,  Zool.,  312,  1883.)  Horlase's  specimen  was  tiapple. 
Npotted  darker  on  the  back,  with  streaks  \  inch  wide  from  eye  to  pectoral 
(ill.  (Day.)  Si/o  much  less  than  that  of  Moht  »i«/rr.  the  length  about  2 
left.  Pelagic;  occasional  off  our  Atlantic  coast;  once  taken  on  the  Uer- 
inudas.     A  related  but  ai)parently  dillerent  spt'cies  *  is  occasionally  taken 

Tanzania  »i((fc(/a,  Jenkins.  Tho  following  in  the  .substanco  of  Dr.  Jtuikins's  desfriii- 
tiiiii  (if  tills  .spcries: 

■1).  17;  A.  18;  C.  19;  P.  M.  Depth  21  in  lenj,'th  to  basii  of  c.auilnl;  liea(12;'i;  oyo  0  in 
lii'iid,  'JV  in  Hnoiit,  Moily  much  coinpressi'il,  thu  ventral  niar^rin  a  .iliarp,  evenly  curved 
Kiel.  Eye  much  above  axirt  of  body,  a  littlu  nearer  Buoiit  than  base  of  iiectoral.  Teeth 
liiiiiiing  a  turtle-like  beak,  completely  hidden  by  projeetinj^  folds  of  skin,  which  form  a 
ti'uiicated  openiu^;  to  the  tnoutli.  tiill  oiiening  Just  in  front  of  upper  ba»e  of  pectoral, 
ciivered  by  a  21obed  valve.  Hody  covereu  by  an  armor  of  small  jilatcs,  more  or  Ichh  hex- 
iiLimiiil  and  concealed.  Pectoral  about  IJ  in  head,  above  axin  ot  body;  liei;{htof  dorsal 
iilidut  equal  to  liead  ;  anal  aii^htly  lower;  dorsal  and  anal  each  8e|iarated  from  the  caudal 
li.v  a  notch.  Color  bright  silvery  on  sides,  np)ier  parts  dark;  sides  with  brij;liter  silvery 
liMiiils,  the  first  :i  with  distinct  black  borders,  the  next  4  with  uuiuvroiis  black  spots,  the 
lihick  margins  appearing  only  on  lower  x)arts.    DiUeriug  from  Jiatizania  truncuta  vhietly 


t  ;■; 


I  :  :i 


it      J     : 


1,  .  f. 


''9S' 


1750  Ihdirliu  ./7,  United  S/o/rs  IVationaf  Museum. 


iilMMit  tli<<  llawiiiiiiii  InIiiikIm,  whtti'o  \i  In  i-o(;iirilfl<l  with  voneratloii  n«  tlir 
kill);  III  tlio  tuiiiiiuH  mill  iiiurki-rilH.     (Innivntim,  <'itt  oil  Hbod.) 

Tefruiloit  triincafun,  Hktxii'h,  Vot.  Ak.  Nyii  lliiiiill  .  vi,2,  I  Ifl,  I7M&. 

OrtlidiiiiiiiieiiK  iihlomjin.  Ill.ocil  \  Si'MNKIiikk,  S\Ht.  Ichtliyul.,  511,  IMUl. 

('I'liliitliiM  iitiriut,  HllAW,  (ii'ii.  Zool.,  V,  VM>.  IMl)4. 

Cflihiiliin  rlniiiialiiM,  KiHHo,  Kur.  Mrrlil.,  ill,  ITU,  It^'M. 

M'di  iitiiHii,  Nauix),  III   IVrimHitr,  Miill..Si'i.  Nut.,  .\iii,4:t7, 18J8. 

CfliliitUit  foehcnnii,  'I'liAliJ.,  Wiiriior.  Mitiii.,  vi,  IH31!. 

Orthiijfiniii-uii  tivneiilut,  OdNTlllCK,  Cut.,  Vlll,  'III),  1H70;   I>av,  FUli.  (Jt.  lirit.,  pi.  14U,  'JTD 

IHHi. 
liaiuixnia  (riuttiutu,  JuitUAN  .V  (ilUtUUT, HyiiuiMtlH, UUU,  lUMII. 


BulMMclcr  I.()i:iCATl.» 


mm 


(TlIK    MAIi.  ('IIKKKED    FlSIIES.) 

ThJH  (^roiip  iH  (liHtiiiKniNhcd  by  ii  Hiii);lo  |iuculiur  rliiirart«r,  tlio  extoiiHidii 
uf  tiiu  third  Hiilxirhitiil  Iioiiu  iiitohh  tho  chuuk  to  or  toward  tht*  ]>i-eo|>ri<'l( . 
Fi'oni  tilt'  Craniomi,  iin  otlHhoot  tVoiii  the  Hiiiiitt  ^roiip,  in  whii-li  thu  dfvoloii 
iiiriit  of  tlio  Hiiborhitiil  Htii.v  in  carrifd  idik'Ii  larther,  the  prrmtiit  ^i'ou|i  is 
dlNtingiilHhud  by  thi-  iioniiiil  character  tif  thcHhoiiidiT  ;;irdlo.  Thu  follow- 
ing (Itiliiiitiuu  of  the  Lorivati  in  given  by  Dr,  Gill  (i'roc.  U.  S.  ^'ut.  Mii^, 
IMMH,  5S«>): 

AcautlHiptvrj'KiaiiH  with  tli«  Hciiimlar  nrcli  normnl,  thn  jiont-toniporal  imil  poMcin. 
t<'iii)Kiriil  t'liniilii;;  pnit,  anil  tlio  latti'.r  iiitiTvi'iilu;;  liittwriui  tlii)  iiimttcniiioi-al  ami  iln' 
primvapula.  Iiit'raorliital  rliiiin  witli  all  Iiimioh  eiilt'iiii^^  into  the  orliilul  iiiarf;iii  anil  I'iiik 
tional,  only  |)ai'llall,v  I'xtvnili'il  omt  tint  I'hi'i'k;  wllli  IIik  lliiril  lionii  liy|ii<rti'opliii'il  ;iiic| 
ilitvi'Io]ii'il  U8  II  Htay  iinpiiiKlnt;  on  tin*  anturior  wall  of  tlio  pi'i'iiporitiiliiiii;  poHt-lrnipuijil 
vMriinmly  I'onniTtril  with  th«  i-plotir  anil  ptiTittic;  iutoriMaxilluriuH  with  wvll-dcvulopiil 
inweiiilinc  podicli'M  kIIiUii^  ovit  thi!  front  of  tlio  proHothinoiil, 

In  all  othrr  r«H|»o»'t8  thr  giou|i  is  Hiibji'ct  to  groat  variation.  Coiicitii- 
ing  tliiH,  Dr.  tiill  has  the  following  uxci-lleiit  diHriiHaion: 

III  view  uf  tlio  wlilo  ruiiKo  of  variation  that  linH  boon  tvliowu  to  be  niniiil'eHtoil  liy  tlii> 
varloiiM  iiioinlM'rH  of  tlio  ^loat  ^roiip  of  mail  rlioekoil  IIhIioh  it  may  lio  lonsiiluroil  that  il  I'. 
not  a  natiirnl  Kroiip.  In  ono  hoii.io  it  Ih  not.  Thu  ilitforoncoit  aro  rurtaiiily  Hulliriciil  Id 
jiiHtify  tlio  Ho;{roKUlioii  of  itH  ohimontH,  not  only  into  ii  niimbur  of  faniilios  but  into  ncmh 
Hiiporfamilit'H.  NovortlioloHH,  tho  lulationn  hotwoon  tlio  varioim  mombui'H  aro  Hiirli  hh  in 
inilioato  that  tlioy  form  ii  natural  although  miit'li-intorruptod  sorioH,  ami  the  {{ui.-h  of 
Cuvior  Ih  apparontly  Ju.>itl<)eil  liy  a  dutailoil  oxamiiiation  of  tho  anutoniy. 

Thu  iiioHt  K''Uorali/.uil  of  tho  niail-ciiookoil  IIhIics  ujipoar  to  bo  tho  Scorpa'noklea.  Tlii'.tc 
biivo  tho  gouoral  foriuof  orilinary  tl«he«  liku  tho  ScrraniilH,  Spnriils,  anil  niimormiH  otiicis. 

iu  tliu  Hinaller  oyo,  in  baviiig  the  oyo  iilaoeil  well  above  the  mouth  ami  above  tho  iixi.s  nl' 
tho  body,  iu  tlio°liigh  pimition  of  the  jioi'toral  tin,  in  tho  liiKhur  dorsal  and  anal,  ami  in 
tlio  coloration.  Known  only  from  1  Hpeoimon  in  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Miih.,  '20  inolioH  hm^'. 
takou  at  tho  mouth  of  I'uarl  Harbor.  Honolulu,  by  Mr.  Iliol  Kapu,  and  soiit  to  Stanrnnl 
rnivoi'Hity  by  Mr.  ('Iiarlott  H.  Wilson.  (»(aA'i<a,*thu  iiativo.  namo  of  tho  tisli,  moaning 
tho  Hoiircu  from  which  tho  Bonito  and  the  Albicoro  Hpriin<;  in  agoH  piiHt.')" 

KamntiUi  iiiahm,  Jenkins,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  series  2,  v,  October  31,  1895, 780  to  784,  u  itii 
oolorud  ]dato. 

*  Called  CataphracH  on  pa!'e781,  \mt  Luncati  is  tho  earliest  single  word  apiilied  iisa 
namo  to  this  group.  Dr.  (iill  riunarks:  "Cuvior  gave  no  latin  name  to  tho  ^JoveK  itii- 
raanees,'  and  it  has  neon  atteniptod  to  roinody  tho  ili'foot  by  tho  ]iroposal  of  various  iiiuiii  :< 
involving  the  idea,  o.  g.,  Biic-.ie  Lorlcatw  (Mo^Iiirtrio,  ISJti),  Loricnti  (Joiiyns,  181l.'>).  I'm- 
eiploindie  and  Parcuplitfe  (Uichardson,  18H6),  ('nnthileptfi  (Swalnson,  18118),  Catapli ladi 
(Miillor,  1843),  Schropavei  (Gravenborst,  1845),  Hclerogenidce  (Owen,  184tJ),  and  Vataphiuc- 
toidw  (Cantor,  1850)." 


w 


Jordan  and  F.vennatni. — Fi.<iht's  of  S\>rth  Anirnca.     IT."*? 


itlon  nil  the 


I  \Vl'll-lll!Vl)l()|M(| 


II.     Coiiccrii- 


780to784,  NNitli 


i.ii'dloKy  »)>«<>  rorrohorittt'tt  tlir  ni'iircr  ri'liilloiiNlil|i  nt'  iIiohi'  tnrmn  tn  tho  nnnnnl  Aran- 
<i|ilri°yulnli  IIhIii'm.  II'\vi>  liiiik  iiiikiiik  iIidhi'  iinrinitl  rnriiiH  lur  I  lii>  iiriirt'Ml  ii'IiiIIvi'm  of  tliti 
i,..iil'i'li«<'kril  Mslii'H,  III  till'  |)r)<Hi>iil  Mlair  ii(  our  know  li-ilui<,  w«  ii|i|M'ai'  to  mI  UmiiI  ii|i|)iiixI 
r.itK  lliti  li'iitli  III  rliilinliiu  liir  tlii'in  a  iii'iircr  r<<litliniiNlii|i  with  (liu  ('lirltliU  lliiiii  iiiiy 
,>ilii>rii.  TIiIm  view,  liowi'vnr,  Im  Mlniply  liypiitlii^llt'al,  anil  can  not  Im<  coiiNlilt'ri'il  to  Ih< 
,  <t;il)liHh<'il  iinlll  wi<  lim;oiiut  l)«lti>r  uri|iialiili'<l  wllti  llii' anatomy  of  tlii'  xiirloiiM  iiii'IiiIhtii 
,.   (lie  Hiilioi'ilt'i-  Ariinlhi'iitiTiiifii.     Wlilcli  of  tho  Sinriiifnuiitm  aii'  tiio  iiiohI  Kcnrrali/.i'd  i« 

I  'iiolit  (lilllrtilt  i|ll)'Htloli  to  ailMWrr. 

Ill  Moiiio  ri'NportM  tho  ('liiriiN,  or  lloxauriininililM,  »)>puar  to  lio  niornK*Miornlir.iMl  Ihiiii  tho 
S' orpti'lililM.  'l'h<<y  ui'o  Iomm  arnii'il  witli  HpiiirM  tliaii  llio  otiirr  t'i>pritm<iiti>l|vi>Hof  tlin  ({roiit 
Miiiiip  of  iiiiill'chiiKktMl  tUlii'M,  unil,  what  is  mIIII  iiiorr  Hii'iilMtiint.  thr  illrhoHt  or  liiiHi 
^|iiii  iiolil  Ih  iiiori'  ili'Vi'Iopi'il  anil  approarhxH  in  I'onn  that  rxiuiplilli'il  In  tiii'  nnriiial  Aiitii- 
iKxpli'i-yuiaiiH;  iiovi'rth(>l(>MH,  till'  parii'liil  lioiii'NroiiviT^i'  loA'anl  Iho  front  mo  dm  toalimiHi, 
ll  not  i|iiit<<,  toiii'h  ov<>r  tlii'  front  of  tlin  Hiipraorripitino.  'I'lii'  paniKphi'iioiil  hi'IiiIm  i'Ioii- 
|r:iii'il  proi't'HHXM  tipwarit  to  nii'ot  fornrnpomllnu  proroH.m^H  of  tlui  HiililrrtalM  or  orhitimplu'' 
iioIiIh.  In  lioth  of  thi'Mo  cliaractorH  tln-y  ilcvial)'  froni  Iho  SrorpiciiiilN  ami  approach  tlio 
ImiiIiIh.  Kim-  thirt  rciiMon.  thcrofuro,  they  ai'o  placttil  iiftor  the  ScorpirnlilH  ami  licforc 
llii' ('ottlilM.  Tiio  coinparativt'ly  Hll;;ht  valiio  of  the  iipproxiiniition  or  ^4l'pllratlon  of  Iho 
|i,ii  li-talM  lliim  appi'ara  ami  ilcmonMtralo.t  that  It  Ih  liiailviHahlo  to  Hcparato  wiiluly  groiipH 
.11   I'liiltlint;  each  other  in  ho  many  chiiraotcrM  liocauHo  of  hihIi  ilitl'i'i'i'iicox. 

\n  cloiiKiitu  HpiiioiiH  portion  of  the  iIoi'miiI  tin  ami  an  inviu'Hely  Hhort  rityeil  portion  aro 
ili^i'lopoil  in  till  lleniltripteriilM ;  iieverlheleHM,  tliime  lisheH  a):r<Mi  in  iiioHt  imteoloulcal  an 
\M  II  ar*  inoHt  external  cliaractorH  witii  the  (!ottiilM;   consei|iieiitly.  the  iiiniiiliiralncHH  of 

II  moving  them  far  lyuiii  the  CottiilH  anil  aHsociating  tliom  witii  tlie  Scorpa'iiidH,  ax  well 
at  iliohlii;lit  value  of  tho  relativo  iiroportionH  of  the  gpinouH  nud  raycil  |iortlons  of  llio 

ilmsal  (III,  liecoiiieH  eviilellt. 

'I'lie  osleolo){ical  characters  of  the  IMatycophnliils  anil  Ifo)illchthyiil>i  aro  impprfoctly 
Uiown,  ami  it  reinaiim  (or  future  iiiveHtigation  todetonntne  what  are  tlioir  exact  rolatluii- 
sliipH  anil  cliaracti^riNticH. 

riie  TiiglldH  and  I'orlntediids  depart  very  widely  from  tho  otlior  tfroups,  as  will  lieconio 

III  riaftcr  nianifost ;  hut,  notwitlmtandini;.  tlieir  relationHhipH  apiiear  t  >  he  inoro  iiitimato 
\s  iili  the  |{(*nerali/.cd  inailchfloked  llHheH  than  with  any  oth<>r  (.'roup. 

'I'lio  Uaiitylopteridf*  depart  still  more  from  all  other  IIsIioh  than  ilo  tho  Tfiiilnlilffi.  AVe 
liMiU  in  vain,  however,  for  any  nearer  relation  of  thoHo  lislieH  than  the  Triiiloidi'a,  nuil 
i'iiii-ii'i|iiniitly  it  may  lio  aHHiinied  that  they  are  thu  derivatives  fruiu  a  typo  from  which 
Ihi-  TrijisHdH  have  least  dlver;;eil. 

Inline,  tlio  relatioiiHliips  of  tlie  varioiiH  familion  of  niail-clieeked  Halios,  In  tho  present 
stiiic  of  our  kiiowludgo,  may  h(>  oxproHsed  in  the  following;  ;;cnealo);ical  tree,  in  which  the 
lili  liand  liranch  in  ouch  cano  reproHents  tho  more  Kenerali/ed  ty|M<ot'  each  pair; 


Cirritidio 
Caracanthidio  1  { 


•s 


* 


8 

a 

SI 


s 

a 


{lorica,  a  cuirass.) 


a 


wo 
'E 
H 


Q 

— , 

W 

si 

u 

r^ 

V 

«3 

TS 

^ 

*J 

>» 

ft 

M 

e^ 

Q 

C  -v. 


}  i 


It  j ' 


■''    t-v-  .1  - !  ; 


.11.11 


<Wjif!i|iyii^NJM!^»l«"^^'P»!»",' 


1758 


fiullcthi  /7,  United  States  National  Afnseiim. 


m 


%■■■ 


Families  ok  Loricati: 
a.  Myodiiiiic'  nioro  or  loss  di!velope<l. 

6.  I'oHt-tciMiionil  bil'iu'cnto  nad  coniiuctod  with  tlio  craniuin  by  its  processes  in 
iiorinul  iniiiiiiur. 
c.  IJody  and  hoad  co!n])ross<!d  or  moderately  doprossed.t 

d.  Actiiiosts  iiioderato  and  inserted  on  poHlorior  edges  of  hyporcnraroiil 

and  liypocorucoid ;  ribs,  typically,  b(>"ne  on  enliirged  paraiiopliyscs. 

e.  Gills  .'1^  or  4,  tbo  slit  behind  t)ie Inst  gill  small  or  wanting;  spinous 

dorsal  well  devcloi>ed  J  anal  witli  ;i  strong  spines,  fliefin  ratlicr 

short;  body  covered  with  scales;  a  siiight  lateral  line;  top  of 

liead  more  or  less  armed;  vertebric  rather  few,  2S  to  31. 

ScomvKNiD.i';,  ('i,xx\  i. 
ec  (Mils  4,  with  a  large  slit  behind  tbo  fourth;  l)ody  «'.overed  wiili 
small  scales ;  cranium  unarmed  ;  dorsal  r.ud  anal  fins  elongali  ; 
vcrtebrir  numerous,  more  than  HO. 
/.  Nostrils  normal,  the  posterior  well  developed. 

Anoi'i.oi'omatid.k,  rr.xxvn. 
ff.  Nostrils  single,  tlie  posterior  represented  by  a  small  pme 
*         •^  well  beliiiid  the  ctiier  and  not  funcHonal. 

IlEXA(il(AMMII)vF.,  ri,XX\  III. 

dd.  Actincsts  largo  and  partly  intervening  between  th«  byi)<;ro(ira('oi(l 
and  the  bypocoracoid ;  ribs  sessile  on  the  vertebrie ;  vertebi  ;r 
numerous,  30  to  50  j  no  anal  spines ;  body  not  nnifornilj*  scaled. 

COTTID.i:,  C'l.XXIN. 

66.  Po."t-temporal  expanded  and  connected  with  the  cranium  by  an  exteiisho 
liiiture. 
(J.  Anna  subraedian;  ventrals  subabdoniinal;  gill  openings  very  small ;  exo- 
skeleton  developed  as  spinH'orin  prickles;  head  excessively  large. 

ItHAMl'IlOCOTTID^T.;,  CI.XXX. 

rig.  Anus  thoracic;  ventrals  subbrachial;  gill  opening  moderate;  exoskeli- 
ton  developed  as  plates  arranged  in  about  8  longitudinal  rows;  spi- 
nous dorsal  short  or  wanting.  Aqonid^k,  ci.xxxi. 
DisconoTi: 
aa.  iMyodomo  completely  wanting;  ventrals  completely  united,  forming  a  round  sink 
ing  disk,  wliicli  i.s  rarely  obsolete;  spinous  dor.<«aI  little  developed. 
/(.  Body  cavity  elong.ate;  c.'.udal  region  sliort.                    Cycloi'tekid-E,  ci.xxxii, 
hh.  Uody  cavity  short;  caudal  region  elongate;  skin  smooth. 

LlPAItlDID.K,  CI.XXX  III, 


Family  CJLXXVI.  SCORP^ENIDiE.  t 


If 


(The  Rock-fisiiks.) 

Body  obloiif?,  more  or  less  compressed,  the  head  laige,  and  with  one  or 
more  pairs  of  ridges  above,  which  usually  terminate  in  spiiios.     ()por(  le 

*Myodomo  r>r  muscular  tube,  "a  chamber  for  tl?e  rectus  nnisclcs  of  the  eye.    Tliii  is 
isolated  from  the  brain  cavity  by  thi;  development  of  a  platform  from  the  ba.siocciiiiia) 
continuous  wit li  liori'/.ontal  ridges  or  slielves  divergivig  Irom  the  inner  walls  of  the  lud 
otic  bones  and  meeting  along  tii«  middle,  thus  con.stituting  a  roof  for  the  muscular  eh;iiii 
ber  ind  a  Hoor  for  tl:e  cranial  cavity."     (Gill.) 

tHody  and  head  rnucli  dc]»ressed  in  tlic  family  of  Platycephalidm  and  its  n^laiivc^. 
group.s'not  represented  in  the  Westei'ii  lleniis|>here.  Two  si)ecies  of /'?a<j/c«^</i((^'»' lia^' 
been  erroneously  ascribed  to  the  region  under  consideration.  Those  are  mentioned  mi 
page  2028. 

J  T!i<i  original  draft  of  the  account  of  this  family  is  contributed  by  Mr.  Frank  Craim  r: 
to  this  numerous  additions  have  been  made  bv  tlie  present  authors.  Some,  of  the  dcsn  i|i- 
tions  are  adapted  from  those  in  Jordan  &  tiilbert's  Synopsis  Fishes  N,  A.  All  t'.u-*'' 
have  been  v-eritied  on  now  material. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  Amcnca.     1759 


processes  ill 


round  suck 


D,K,  CIA'XXll. 


.K,  Cl.XXXIlI, 


usually  with  2  HpiiioiiH  processes ;  proopercle  with  4  or  5.  Mouth  terminal, 
usually  large,  with  villiform  terth  on  jaws  and  vomer,  and  usually  on  the 
l)alatiucs.  I'reniaxillarius  protractile;  maxillary  broad,  without  stipple- 
mental  hone,  not  slipping  under  preorhital.  Gill  openings  wide,  extending 
forward  Itulow;  the  gill  membranes  separate  and  free  from  the  isthmus; 
itsually  no  slit  behind  the  fourth  gill.  Scales  ctenoid,  or  sometinifs 
cycloid,  usually  well  developed,  sometimes  nearly  obsolete.  Lateral  liui* 
single,  continuous,  concurrent  with  the  back;  a  narrow  bony  stay  extend- 
ing backward  from  the  suborbital  toward  the  preopcrcle.  N'entral  lins 
thoracic,  of  the  normal  percoid  form,  I,  5,  the  rays  branched;  dorsal  lln 
continuous,  sometimes  so  deeply  notched  as  to  divide  it  into  2  parts,  with 
H  to  1()  rather  strong  spines  and  about  as  many  soft  rays ;  anal  rnther  short, 
with  3  spines  and  5  to  10  soft  rays;  soft  rays  in  all  the  lins  liraiuhed, 
ixcci)t  some  or  all  of  rays  of  the  pectorals;  pyloric  cicca  in  moderate  oi- 
small  number  (less  than  12).  I'sendobranchiie  large.  Air  bladder  usually 
present.  Actinosts  moderate,  inserted  on  the  posterior  edges  of  hypercora- 
coid  and  hypocoracoid ;  ribs  borne  on  enlarged  pleurapophyscs.  Post- 
temporal  bifurcate,  noi  i.ially  connected ;  niyodome  mon;  or  less  dovel()])ed. 
(ienera  about  30;  species  about  250,  inhabiting  all  seas,  but  especially 
abundant  in  the  temperate  parts  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  where  they  form  a 
large  proportion  of  the  tish  fauna.  They  are  nonmigratory  fishes  livin;; 
about  rock^.  Moat  of  them  are  of  large  size,  and  all  are  used  as  food. 
Many  of  them  are  viviparous,  the  young  being  produced  in  great  numbers 
wlien  about  i  inch  in  length.  (Trujlidw,  group  Scorpwninu,  GUnthor,  Cat., 
II,  95,  1860.) 

SkHASTIN/E  : 

a.  Dorsal  spines  more  than  12;  vortebrin  more  thun  10+  14. 

6.  Dorsal  spines  15  or  16;  vertebra)  about  12  1-19;  palatine  tp<th  prosent;  lnjl  nP 
bead  acaly,  scales  ctenoid, 
c.  Anal  III,  7  or  8;  pectorals  long,  narrow ;  vertebral  12  (- 19^  111. 

Seiustes,  088. 
cc.  Anal  111,  5;  pectorals  with  lower  rays  broadened  or  proloug.id  into  liiigui- 
form  lobe ;  vertebra)  11  +  18  =;  29.  Bkh ASTOLOUUS,  089. 

66.  Dorsal  spines  13  or  14 ;  vertebra)  12  -t- 15  =  27. 

d.  Talatine  teeth  present.  Skhastodes  (HI  >. 

dd.  Palatine  teeth  none.  Sebastoi'SIS,  091. 

Hit.  Dors.il  :ipines  12;  vortebrsc  10  + 14  —  24. 

e.  I'al.itine  teeth  present;  anal  r;iys  usually  HI,  5. 

/.  Bones  of  head  scarcely  cavernous ;  occiput  with  2  pairs  of  splne.s ;  scales 
ctenoid  or  provided  witli  dcrutul  (laps. 
y.  P£,"t'"'nl  with  some  of  its  median  rays  more  or  less  branched. 

h.  Scales  on  top  and  sides  of  licad  (Ctenoid;  cranium  much  .is  in 

Sebastodes,  tlie  armature  moderate.  IlELicoLKNt's,  092. 

hh.  Scales  on  top  uud  sides  of  head  cycloid  oi'  wantinj?;  craniinn 

■with  many  spines.  .S(  oju'/E.va,  093. 

gg.  Pectoral  rays  iiU  simple;  head  more  or  less  sc  ily,  the  scales  ctenoid. 

PONTINl  h,  094. 

ff.  liones  of  heatl  with  large  muriferous  cavities;  occ-'put  with  only  1  pair  of 
spines;  scales  cycloid ;  pectoral  rays  20  or  mor  );  head  s<'alele88  above ; 
no  groove  at  occiput;  some  of  the  pectoral  rays  branclied. 

SETARCHES,  095. 


r  \ 


iti 


i 


^ ; 


|- 


m 


i 


HI 


17()0  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


688.   SEBASTES,  Cuvier. 

(RcvsE-l-'ISHKS.) 

MniHlii,  i'riif.fi,  Mum-  Animal,  FA,  2,  Vol.  ii,  lOti,  1829  {ni>rvegica—7)ittrliius). 
ICiisebattes,  SAdy/LUi',,  Noiiv,  Arfhives  Mus.  Paris  (2)  i,  187m,  1421  (noi-vej/icuii). 

iJody  !)l»loiig,  coi/iprfiiseil.  lload  large,  scaly  iibove  and  on  sides;  era 
iiial  ri.lg<'S  well  <l<  v»lii|>ed.  Month  teriiiiiu;i,  very  broad,  ol»li(|ne,  tlic 
Inoad  short  maxillary  extending  t<>  below  the  t'yo;  lower  j.iw  projecting;, 
with  a  liony  Itnob  at  the  symphysis,  fitting  into  a  rostral  notch;  villirorm 
teeth  on  jaws,  vomer  ajid  pulatines.  Kyc  very  large,  close  to  npper  ]iro 
file;  preopercle  with  5  diverging  sjiines,  opercle  with  2;  8upra.scai)ni.ir 
spines  strong;  gill  rakers  long,  slender.  Scales  small,  ctenoid,  irregniariv 
arranged  J  no  dermal  liaps.  Dorsal  tin  contiiiuouB,  very  long,  the  spinons 
part  nch  longer  than  the  soft  part,  of  ITi  stionu:  sjiines;  anal  spines  If, 
atron^  caudal  emarginate;  pectorals  long,  narrow,  Uranehiostegals  7, 
Vertebra:  12 -j- 19  =  31.  Coloration  mostly  red.  Ovoviviparous.  (tne 
species  known,  in  the  North  Atlantic.     (6ffia6r6c,  niagnilicent.) 

2174.  SKHASTKS   MAItlM'N  (  Linuii'ns). 

(ROSEFIS  1  ;    liEDKISIl;   SNAI'I'KH;    IlEJnirilOAN.) 

Tie.-iil  3;  depth  2}.  D.  XV,  IH;  A.  111,7;  lateral  line  40  (tnbes);  scaloH 
abontSo.  Hody  ovate;  back  elevated,  thn  ventral  outline  straightish  ;  loji 
of  head  evenly  scaled;  interorbital  space  with  2  low  ridges,  between 
which  it  is  concave;  nasal  spines  present;  cranial  ridg(>s  moderate,  ratliei 
low  and  sharp,  the  spines  sharji;  preocnlar,  supraocular,  postociilar, 
tympanic,  and  parietal  ridges  present,  the  latter  with  the  tips  abruptly 
divergent  and  with  parietal  ami  nu-hal  spines;  suprasca])ular  spines  very 
sharp  and  prominent ;  opereiilar  spines  long  ami  sharj) ;  snbo])er('niar  spine 
])romincnt;  preopercular  spines  slender  and  sharp,  the  second  longest; 
suborbital  stay  close  under  orbit,  not  reaching  preopercl'j;  preorbital  nar- 
row, with  2  spines.  Eye  exceedingly  hirge.  3  in  heiid,  more  than  twice  as 
wide  IS  interor))ital  space.  Mouth  very  large,  obliijiie;  maxillary  very 
broad,  reaching  middle  of  eye,  its  length  2^  in  head;  premaxillaries  on 
level  of  middle  of  pupil;  tip  of  lower  Jaw  much  projecting,  with  ii  (  on- 
spicuons,  pointed  symphyseal  knob;  mandible  and  maxillary  scaly; 
pceudobranchiu!  very  large;  gill  rakers  long,  stiH'  and  strong.  Dorsal 
spines  sharp,  the  longest  about  as  long  as  eye,  the  fin  deeply  emarginate,  the 
soft  rays  not  very  high,  higher  than  tht;  spines ;  caudal  narrow,  moderately 
forked;  anal  spines  moderate,  graduated,  the  second  a,  little  shorter  than 
eye;  ]»cctoral  rather  long,  reaching  vent,  its  base  narrow,  some  of  the 
upper  rays  divided ;  ventral  reaching  to  vent.  Scales  small,  irregular,  not 
strongly  ctenoid.  Orange  red,  nearly  uniform,  sometimes  a  dusky  oper 
cular  blotch,  and  about  5  vague  dusky  bars  on  the  back;  peritoneum 
brownish.  Length  1><  inches.  North  Atlantic,  abundant  oa  both  coasts, 
especially  northward;  recorded  from  the  north  and  westcoas'^f  of  Europe 
to  the  Hritish  Channel,  rare  sonth  of  the  Faroe  Islands;  /  .ctic  Ocean, 
Spitzbergen ;  Iceland,  Greenland ;  a  shore  fish  as  far  south  as  Main",  south- 
ward iu  deejter  waters,  as  far  as  off  coast  of  middle  New  Jersey.    Accord- 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1761 


injj  to  (ioode  »fe  Heau  it  breeds  ahundantly  olV  the  south  coast  of  Now 
I'lii^litnd  in  lato  aiiuuner  Itetweeu  100-180  i'uthonis  and  there  is  no  reason 
to  helieve  th.at  the  yoiui};  rise  1o  the  surfuoo;  the  fry  were  caught  by 
tlie  bushel  at  theso  dupthH.  (\nn\inna\  marine.)  An  iniportiint  food-lish 
lieiiutifully  colored.     (Eu.) 

Vircn  matina,  LiNNVf;u8,  Syst.  Nat.,  Kd.  X,  I,  290, 1758,  Xorway;  Artctli's  rofeicm^a  to 

Ni'rriniiniicriba  (M'l'onooiiHly  incbiilctl  in  tlui  syiioiiyiiiy. 
I'cira  norvi'(jica,  AscANii'n,  IconeH  Krv.  Nat.  1772,  i,  7,  tub.  10,  Norway. 
Iliildci'iitnit  Kaiii/mni'iiD,  Faiieb,  FiHchc  I.sliuids,  120,  ia2'.t,  Iceland. 
sibimtcfi  »ei>tentriuiialii.  Gaimakd,   Voy.  lalaiuls  and  tlroi'^nland,  I'oi.ss,  pi.  9. 
Si-hastrs  fatcUituit,*  Stoker,  Proc  UohI.  Soc.  Nat.  IliHt,,  V,  31, 1854,  Provincetown,  Mass.; 

yoiinn  Hpi'cinieii,  said  to  lia\o  but  Kt  dorsal  ajiinu.s. 
I'lvea  nonciujicd,  ^Mf'i.i.KU,  /oril.  I)aiiica,4(!,  1779. 
Si'lHifles  ii<inrc<iiniii,  Cl'Viek  a    V'ai.i.ncik.n.ses,  Wnt.   Nat.  Pois.i.,  iv,  327.  pi.  87,  1820; 

J{iCilAHiiS()\,  P'auna  IJoniiliAmtT.,  .12,  183(1;  Stokkh,  Hist.  Fisbcs  Mass.,  ;i8,  pi.  8,  (jy. 

!,  1817;  GI'NTiiElt.  Cat.,  n,9r),  1800;  (U'N'i  ilKTi,  (,'halIcngiT  U(  pdrl,  .\.\u,  Dci'ii  ,Sua  Kislics, 
7,  1880;  (,'iiiJ.i;lT,  NortrcM   Fi.sbcH,  19;   Day,  Fishes  of  Creat  ISrltain,  i,  42,  pi.  18; 
}()IH)E\  IlKAN,  lliili.  K.sscx   Inst.,  XI, 14. 
Siliimtet  mariiiKg,    W'lili'i:,  (Ja(.  Urit.  I'"i.sli.,  8;    OiI.i.ett,  Norske  NordliavH  Expedition, 
l''|«lin,  ifi,  p|.  I  t|(XH.  ;iand  1,  I8H0;  .Iohdax  &  (iiLitEur,  S\no|)8is,  0,51,  1883;  Lii.i,.)ei)oiui, 
Hvtiflgcm  och  Norgcs  FIskar,  92, 1891;  (looUE  6c  JJean,  Oceanic  .^jhtliyology,  200,  flg. 
248, 1890. 
seZ/Kx/c*  jiiri})(iri(«,tKR<")yER,  Natnrhist.  Tidsskr.,  I,  275, 1844-4!>,  Norway,  in  .sIi.iIIdw  walcr; 

(iil.U  I'ron.  Ac.  Nat.  Sri.  I'liila.  1803.  333;  (iCNTlIF.U,  Cat..  Il,  90. 
Scliantft  inariinii  vii'ijmrut,  .(nui)A.N  \  (in. HEiir,  .Synopsis, 051, 1883. 
'^ihastes  re'julus,  EKiTHoM, Skaud.  Fish..  Ed.  i,  197,  iilate  only, no  description. 


'.■'[■ 


689.  SEBASTOLOBUS,  (iill. 


Si'hattnlohus,  CiiLL,  Report  Smithsonian  Institntion  1880,375  (1881),  (fnacrocliir). 

Pectorals  with  a  wide  l)ase,  produced  backward  near  tlio  upper  margin 
and  not  iiUMlially,  lower  rays  tliicUeiied,  extending  luuch  lyoyond  r;iys  next 
;iliove  in  ;i  linguiforni  lobe;  ventrals  directly  under  axils  of  pectorals, 
with  the  outer  ray.s  j)roduced,  thick,  branched;  an;il  III,  '>;  vertebra' 
li-fl8;=L"J;  otherwise  a,s  in  Sebustes.  racific  Ocean  in  deep  wate". 
((iF(ia6r6i,  Sebnstes]  Xofiof,  lobe.) 


a.  Donsal  rays  XVI,9;  branch io.stegal8  naked;  oyo  3?  in  head. 
1(0.  Dorsal  rays  XV,  9;  branchiostegals  scalj';  eye  2:-;  in  head. 


ALASCANCS,  2J76. 
AI.TIVELIS,  2170. 


Head  .slightly  more  than  .j,^ ; 


2176.  NKHISTOLOIUS  Ai.ASi  AXS,  I'nan. 

fi-  depth  I.     1).  XVI  or  XVII,  9;  A.  111,5;  pec 


loral  22.  Lateral  line  31  (pores).  iJody  compressed,  head  large,  jibout  as 
wide  ;i.s  high.  Eye  large,  Si  in  head,  a  little  longer  fli;in  snout,  Ipteror- 
inial  space  narrow,  coiLcave,  nearly  3  in  orbit,  with  a  pair  of  ohncupfi  Uifh 


Itody  elons'ated,  not  convex  in  front  of  dorsal  tin:  4  distinct  dark-brown  tvmi'iVUfUt 
liiiiuls  on  the  sides,  the  broadest  at  tht!  [josterior  jjortion  of  the  body.  Dorsal  XI 1 1.  H: 
null  111,7.  (Storer.)  This  is  doubtless  a  young  exaniplo  of  Seba»tis  inarinux,  and  not  n 
•<'l><ii(tu(Jet. 

I  Sihattet  vivipanii  is  thongl)t  to  be  a  shore  form  or  variety  of  Sebaates  mariimn.  Wo 
!i:ive  not  been  able  to  distinguish  it.     The  ehar.icters  alleged  are  tho  following: 

•  ieneral  coloi'  brownish  red,  sonie«hat  nuitt  •!,  with  a  blackish  blotch  ■n  the  operele, 
and  some  other  brownish  spots  on  the  body.  !'<'cloral  (ins  a  littlt^  longer  t  inn  in  Hcbantet 
iiiiirlniiH;  interocul.ir  space  rallier  narrower.  Heiul  3.1  ;  depth  il.J.  I>.  \\,  14;  A. II!. 8. 
Noriliern  .seas  of  Eurjpe;  smaller  than  fhi'  i>re<eding,  and  li\  inu  ne  \v  shore;  thought  to 
'»'  a  shallow  water  variuty ;  perhaps  coufiincd  to  tho  fjords  uud  uoep  oaya  of  the  North. 


f 


mm 


17C2         DuUdin  ^y.  United  States  National  Museum. 


\. 


% 


in 


Ji>' 


'tf 


};itiulinal  ri«1goH.  Cranial  ridgoH  thin  nnd  Hharp,  rather  liigli;  naHiil, 
prccH'ular,  postocnlar,  tynipaiiic  and  iniolinl  spiiios  prominent,  sharp,  tho 
supraocular  and  parietal  Huiallcr,  all  arranged  in  a  nearly  Htraight  lim^;  u 
small  Hhar|»  spine  hehind  orbit,  followed  by  a  larger  ridge  and  spiue;  a 
rather  sharp  sjuiie  on  .shoulder;  preorhital  with  '1  broad  blunt  lobes  or 
spines,  with  a  large  pore  between  thtin;  siiltorbital  ridge  nearly  continn- 
ouH  from  front  of  pn-orbital  to  preopcrcle,  close  up  under  eye,  thin  and 
high,  with  1  spine  under  anteri(»r  nuunin  of  orbit,  auothej-  under  its 
middle,  and  '1  Iteliintl  orl)it;  uppermost  ]>reopereular  spine  long,  with  :i 
smaller  oik;  in  front  of  its  base,  the  following  4  much  suiiT^ller,  ihe  last  one 
minute;  ojx'rcular  ridges  and  spines  weak.  Moutli  lar^je,  nearly  horizon- 
tal, maxillary  reaehing  nt^arly  to  ]>osterior  mur<;in  of  orbit,  about  2  to  2\  in 
head;  Jaws  ecjiuil,  the  lower  included  laterally  and  terminating  with  ;i 
slight  symphyseal  knob;  anterior  ends  of  premaxillaries  enlaroed,  dcii- 
tigcrous,  with  a  prominent  bony  projection,  and  widely  separated  by  an 
interval  into  which  tits  the  tip  of  lower  Jaw.  Teeth  in  very  narrow  bands 
on  vomer  and  palatines,  in  broader  bauds  on  Jaws.  Gill  rakers  short,  den- 
ticulate, alxmt  11  movable  and  about  5  rudiments  on  anterioi'  limb  of  tirst 
arch.  l'seudol>ranchia'  rather  lar};e.  Dorsal  sjiines  rather  low,  the  fourth 
and  fifth  longest,  abouf  3jj  in  head,  tho  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  very 
short,  more  than  3  in  th(^  fifth;  second  anal  spine  longest  and  strongest, 
2\  in  head,  a  little  longer  than  soft  rays,  but  not  reaching  their  tips  when 
laid  back;  origin  of  ventrals  under  base  of  pectorals;  pectoral  rays 
long,  reaching  to  vent,  and  much  beyond  tip  of  ventrals;  rays  nearly  all 
branched,  the  upper  much  longer,  about  7  lower  rays  broad  and  exserted  ; 
base  of  pector.'il  not  pi<»current,  broad,  3:f  in  head.  Scales  on  body  larj;o, 
strongly  ctenoid,  those  on  head  partly  cycloid;  mandible,  branch iost<5gal 
membranes,  and  tip  of  snout  naked;  maxillary  with  a  patch  of  scales; 
preopercle  with  a  few;  i)reorbital,  cheeks  and  interorbital  space  scaly; 
basal  half  of  pectoral  membranes  and  whole  of  rays,  basal  part  of  spi 
nous  dorsal,  basal  half  of  soft  dorsal  membranes  and  whole  length  of  rays 
and  the  ventrals,  caudal  and  anal  almost  entirely  scaled;  breast  scaly; 
basal  part  of  ventrals  naked.  C(dor  red;  a  dark  patch  between  first  and 
third  dorsal  spines,  another  between  sixth  and  eleventh;  distal  parts  of 
caudal  an«l  ventrals  and  lower  rays  of  pectorals  dark;  gill  cavities  some- 
what dusky;  peritoneum  white.  leering  Sea  and  I'acilic  coast  of  Alaska, 
\Va.sbiiigton,  Oregon,  and  California,  in  109  to  786  fathoms.  Here  de- 
scribed from  specimens  obtained  by  the  AWmWoxs.     (alaavaitiis,  Alaskan.) 

SfbastolohuB  alascaniis,  ]5kan,  Prnc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1890, 44,  off  Trinity  Islands,  Alaska, 
in  159  fathoms  (Coll.  Albalros») ;  Oii.nicitT,  liopt.  U.  S.  Fish  Conim.  1893  (1896),  4ii0. 


*  Dr.  (lilhcrt  has  the  followiiiy;  note  on  Sfha.itolohun  alancamts: 

"  Uesemhling  closely  .S'.  macrochir,  hut  ditt'ering  conatantI.y  in  the  increased  nnmher  of 
dorsal  .spiiicm,  16  (17  iii  ono  s|)ecinien)  iustoad  of  15,  and  in  the  longer  second  anal  spiin'. 
Head  2g  in  len;;th;  depth  4  (in  specimen  'AW  mm.  long).  Pores  of  lateral  line  l!5.  Dorsiil 
XVI,  9;  anal  III,  5-  i)ectoral  21.  Mouth  large,  the  maxillary  nearly  reaching  vertical  Irnm 
jtosterior  boidcr  of  oi'hit,  2t(t2.!,  m  head,  its  widtl  grcater'than  (liameter  of  pupil.  I'li- 
maxillary  hand  of  teeth  widi-,  shutting  largely  outside  mandihle  in  front  and  on  llu' 
sides;  a  coiisi)U'uoiis  tubercle  at  tip  of  ea<di  preraaxillary  with  a  deep  cniargination  lir- 
tween  tin  two.  into  which  fits  tho  tip  of  the  mandihle.  A  small  knob  at  ii'andibulnr 
symphysis.  lOyi  largo, '!,',  to  3J  in  head,  2Jtinuis  the  interorbital  width.  Cranial  ridges  ami 
spin«^s  about  as  in  the  other  spi'cies  of  u\c,  genus,  but  the  occipital  ridges  not  stron;;ly 
diverging,  as  in  .V.  inacrorhir.  I'reorbital  jiosteriorly  with  a  spinous  point,  as  in  <S'.  altir'Un. 
Dorsal  spiucs  low,  the  contour  of  the  liu  evenly  rounded,  the  spines  iuureasing  regularly 


^A 


r.-:3£S9»«3 


Jordan  aud  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1703 


2170.  SKHASTOI.OIUS  AMIVKMS,  <;ilbi'it. 

Hody  sleiulor,  dupth  3J  in  length;  lit-ad  U.} ;  lutoral  lino  ;{;{  to  .V)  poroH. 
D.  XV,  9;  A.  Ill,  5;  pectoral  2'_'.  Mouth  Isirjife,  2  in  head,  maxillary  reach- 
in*;  poHterior  inar<rin  of  pii]>il;  mandible  laterally  and  in  iVout  Hhnt- 
ting  within  the  wide  prmiaxillary  hand  of  teeth,  its  tip  fitting  into  an 
cniargination  between  premaxillaries,  and  bearing  a  ahort  symphyseal 
knob.  Bands  of  ttseth  on  mandible,  vomer,  and  patatinoH  narrow.  Eye 
very  large,  3  in  head,  \\  times  interorbital  width.  Interorhital  narrow, 
scaled,  ccmcave,  with  2  low,  rounded  ridgcH.  Cranial  ridges  strong,  ter- 
nunating  in  sharp  spines,  agreeing  with  those  in  N.  iihiHtaiiim  aud  A',  mavro- 
rhir,"  Preorbital  wide,  ])artially  overlapping  middle  third  of  maxillary, 
posteriorly  with  a  forwardly  directed  trianguhir  spine,  in  front  of  wliicli 
is  a  long  slit-like  mucous  ])ore.  A  Idunt  tubercle  directed  forward  from 
front  of  each  prcmaxillary,  less  prominent  than  in  S,  alaHcaniiH.  Dorsal 
spines  long  aud  comparsitively  strong,  the  third  always  the  highest, 
the  outline  of  fin  behind  it  straight  or  concave,  never  couvexly  rounded, 
as  in  S.  macrocliir  and  -S'.  alaavtniuH.  In  the  ty|)0  spetiimeu  the  longest 
spine  is  C(mtainod  I3  times  in  length  of  head.  The  spine  before 
the  last  is  scarcely  longer  than  the  one  preceding,  the  last  si»ino  again 
lengthened.  Second  iiual  spiuo  usually  curved,  much  longer  and  stronger 
than  third  and  longer  than  soft  rays,  its  length  1.^  to  2  in  head.  In  the 
type  it  IS  abnormally  curved.  N'entrals  re.'ichiug  to  vent;  pectorals  to  front 
of  anal;  i)ectoral  <iu  very  broad,  the  lower  7  rays  thickened  and  extended 
Iteyond  membranes,  the  lobe  thus  formed  subject  to  nuicli  variation,  being 
unusually  short  in  the  type.  Scales  rough  ctenoid.  Mandible  scahid  at 
base  only,  the  bead  otherwise  completidy  invested,  including  the  branehi- 
Kstegal  rays  and  membranes.  Fin  membranes  covered  with  line  ctenoid 
scales.     Color  red ;  a  dark  blotch  t)n  membranes  between  first  and  third 


Ironi  tlu)  first  to  the  fonrtli,  then  as  regularly  diininishing  to  the  fourteenth ;  the  fifteenth 
and  sixteenth  iifjain  Iciigthoned.  Tim  lonjjcat  spin«  in  cttntaint'd  frmii  'JJ  to  2,i  tiiiics  in 
tilt!  luHjgth  of  tliii  head.  Second  an.al  spino  loiii:' i  and  .stronger  tlian  third,  equnluij;  or 
cxccednig  length  of  soft  rays,  itHliuigth  2  to  2i  in  that  of  hea(r.  Ventrals  usually  scarcely 
reaching  vent,  the  pectorals  not  reaching  front  of  anal.  Lower  i)e<;toral  lobe  iinusiuilly 
liroad,  contains  7  to  9  thickened  rays,  llead  less  completely  scaled  than  in  ,S'.  altivelis,  tlio 
Wranchiostegals,  mandible,  maxillary,  and  lower  ])ortion  of  proopercle  wholly  naked, 
dolor  red;  a  black  blotch  occupies  the  membranes  of  the  first  three  diirsal  spines,  a  sec- 
ond extends  from  the  sixth  to  the  eleventh  spines;  mai-gin  of  i)eclonil  and  ventral  tins 
l>lack;  no  Mack  blotch  behind  second  anal  spine;  i)eritoneuni  and  lining  of  gill  cavity 
wliite.  This  species  difi'ers  from  »S'.  altirelis  in  tho  lower,  longer,  evtnily  rounded  Mi)inoiis 
dorsal,  the  white  lining  of  tho  gill  cavity,  .and  the  ])artlv  naked  liuad.  It  was  taken 
aliundantly  on  the  Alaskan  expedition,  being  re])reseute(l  from  tlie  following  stations: 
:!i;27,  :(:i24,  aiWO,  3:t;tl,  ■A:a2.  U;i;t7,  3;J38,  :i33<J,  3340,  3343.  3346,  3347,  and  3348.  These  are  located 
111  ISering  Sea,  north  of  rn;ila8ka  Island;  in  the  ^.'-tli  Pacilic  southeast  of  I'niniak 
Island,  and  otl'  tho  coasts  of  Washington,  Oregon,  and  C'difornia,  in  de]>ths  of  from  109 
to  786  fathoms.  " 
"  Tho  following  is  a  description  of  the  type  of  tho  genus  Sebastnloliiin  fnmi  .lapan  : 
Schantidobus  -iiiacruc.hir  {Gimthcr) :  Head2.'i;  depth3i.  1).  X'-'.*i;  A.  111,5;  l'.22('.v). 
I.at.  lino,  about  45.  Scales  rather  regular,  liyt^  very  large,  mucli  longer  than  rnout,  3  in 
head.  >iouth  wide,  maxillary  readiiug  beycind  middle  of  eye.  Teitli  on  niandibles, 
vduior,  aud  i>alatinesin  very  narrow  bands,  tliose  on  iiremaxillarie.-,  in  somewliat  broader 
bands.  lnterorl>ital  spaC(!  tiattish,  narrow,  scalehiss,  about  24  in  orliit.  Occipital  region 
Hat,  with  some  rudimentary  scah-s.  l'rt!oeular,  siiiiraociilar,  ])ost(n  itlar,  tymi)anic,  jiari- 
ptal,  and  nuchal  s]>ines  jjresont.  Intcrorbitai  stay  with  strong  si>ines.  I'reopercle  witli 
5  pointed  spines.  Each  ran\us  of  mandible  witli  3  large  jtores.  I'orsal  s|)ines  rather  lee- 
ble,  third  to  sixth  longest,  2J  in  head.  Anal  spines  stnm};'  ■  Smt  she- rter  than  longest 
dorsal  spines,  ('audal  truncate.  Pectoral  extremely  broad  <ir  0  lo>ver  rays  elongated 
lieyond  tlumo  above  them,  their  extremities  somev  "  it  thicki  iied,  and  used  like  the  simi- 
lar onttT  ventral  rays,  as  an  organ  of  locomotion.  Vectorals  reacliing  vent,  ventrals 
tieyond  vent,  IJed,  a  "large  bhick  spot  on  posterior  half  of  s]>inous  dorsal,  another  betweei. 
aualspines.    LeugtU  11  inches.    Inland  seaof  Japan,  otflnosima,  345  fathoms,    (tiiinther.) 


.1,  1; 


■,!(■;      ; 


'!     K 


'    t. 


M 


t 


-M 


1704         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum, 


%% 


dorsal  HpineA,  and  a  largo  one  beginning  back  of  fourth  sitino  and  extend- 
ing along  entire  upper  edge  of  fin;  edge  of  pectoral,  ventral,  anal,  and 
soniotiuies  caudal,  black.  In  Honie  specimenn  a  black  blotdi  on  nienibriitio 
back  of  Hecond  anal  spine,  aa  in  S.  macrovhii  Opercular  lining  bla<-kis]i, 
thiH  visible  externally  as  a  dusky  blotch.  A  ntian  Islands.  The  type  is 
a  specimen  325  mm.  (12!{^  inclies)  long,  taken  south  of  the  Alaskan  Pcniii 
sula  of  Alaska  at  a  depth  of  625  fathoms.  No  other  specimens  weir 
secured  during  the  Alaskan  expedition  of  1890,  but  the  species  was  later 
found  to  bo  almost  etiually  abundant  with  S.  alanvanus  in  deep  water  oil 
the  coast  of  California.  From  S.  aluacanuH  it  is  distinguisliable  at  Hi<;lii 
by  th(*  contour  of  the  spinous  dorsal  (in,  the  smaller  number  of  doiNiil 
spines,  and  the  dusky  lining  of  the  «)perile.  From  S.  viacrochir,  with 
whicli  it  agrees  in  its  fin  formula,  it  is  distinguished  by  tlic  greatia'hciglit 
of  both  dorsal  and  anal  spines,  and  in  the  different  contour  of  the  spinous 
dorsal. 

Tlie  following  description  is  taken  (by  Mr.  Cramer)  from  a  specimen 
from  off  San  Diego: 

Head  2\  to  2} ;  depth  3ii.  D.  XV,  9;  A.  Ill,  5.  Transverse  row  of  seales 
about  33.  Body  compressed;  head  rather  large,  very  slightly  compresseii 
in  rogi(m  of  orbit.  Eye  very  large,  orbit  2j}  in  head,  nearly  twice  as  large 
as  snout.  luterorbital  space  very  narrow,  3^  in  orbit,  moderately  con- 
cave, with  2  closely  approxiutated  frontal  ridges.  Cranial  ridges  thin  and 
sharp,  not  very  high;  preocnlar,  supraocular,  postoeular,  tympanic,  ])arie- 
tal,  and  nuchal  spines  present,  arranged  in  a  straight  line,  all  sharp;  a 
sharp  spino  behind  orbit,  2  on  shoulder.  Mouth  largo,  nearly  h<n'i/ont:il ; 
maxillary  reaching  posterior  margin  of  pupil,  2'i  in  head,  somewhat  dilated 
behiud.  .Jaws  e<iual ;  lower  jaw  included  laterally,  and  with  a  very  sliglit, 
syniphyseal  knob;  premaxillaries  not  meeting  in  front,  each  with  a  small 
bony  prominence;  tip  of  lower  Jaw  fitting  into  the  emargination.  Mroad 
bauds  of  teeth  on  jaws  and  narrow  bands  on  vomer  and  palatines.  I'rc 
orbital  rather  broad,  with  2  largo  slit-liko  i)oros,  its  lower  margin  sinuate, 
without  sjjines;  suborbital  stay  close  under  rim  of  orbit,  with  3  shaip 
spines,  tho  sharp,  liigh  keel  beginning  at  anterior  edge  of  preorbital  and 
extending  across  prcoperclo;  preopercular  spines  small,  sliarp,  divergiuj;, 
tho  uppermost  largest,  with  a  small  spine  in  front  of  its  base;  opercular 
spines  minute.  No  pit  between  suborbital  stay  and  orbit.  Gill  rakers 
short,  15  on  anterior  limb;  pseudobranchia'  small.  No  pit  at  oeel]>ut; 
space  between  parietal  ridges  slightly  concave.  Anterior  dorsal  spines 
somewhat  curved,  the  third  hmgest,  2^  in  liead,  the  thirteenth  about  J\  as 
l<mg;  longest  soft  rays  alxmt  e((ual  to  longest  spino;  second  anal  spine 
strongly  curved,  much  stronger  and  longer  than  third,  about  1+  in  head, 
readiing  beyond  soft  rays;  ventrals  not  attached  to  belly  by  a  meni- 
l)rane;  pectorals  reaching  far  beyond  ventrals,  about  to  origin  of  anal; 
lower  5  rays  slightly  thickened,  oxserted,  rays  all  branclied;  base  of  fm 
broad,  abort  3.J  in  head,  not  procurront.  Scales  of  body  large,  ver\ 
strongly  ctenoid,  easily  deciduous,  those  on  head  cycloid;  maxillary,  pre- 
orbital, cheeks,  interorbital  space,  oi»ercle,  breast  and  branch fostegal  mem- 
branes scaly  ;  fins  thickly  covered  with  cycloid  scales;  lower  jaw  nake<I. 
Color  in  alcohol  reddish;  a  small  dark  blotch  between  iirst  and  third 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1706 

tluraul  Hpiuett;  Hpinous  dursal  black-ed^eU ;  tipH  of  caudal  nn<l  vuntral  tiiiH 
iiiul  of  posterior  anal  and  lowor  ]>e('toi'Hl  rays  dimky;  pcritoiicmn  8ilv«ry 
with  Bcatterrd  Niiiall  black  upotH.  LtMi^th  about  a  foot.  AlaHkaii  i'eiiin- 
Hula  to  8au  Diego,  in  dei>p  watt-r.     {allirvlis;  altna,  lii^li;  velum,  sail.) 

Seba»lolobuii  altiiH-Ui,{iii.nv,ut,  Uupt.  U.S.  Finh  Coniiu.  18U;i  (IHOG),  41U,  pi.  23,  south  of  the 
Alaskan  Peninsula  at  Albatross  Station  3338,  iu  025  fathuniH.  (Ty]H<,  No.  not 
aH8ij,au"a,  V.  S.  Niil.  Miih.    Coll.  (lillttrt.) 

Sfhattet  inacrochir,  (it'NTiiKit,  ClmlltiiKctr  Kuimrt,  Shoru  Fisheu,  U5,  pi.  27,  188U,  Inland  Sea 
of  Japan,  off  Inosima,  in  345  fathoms. 

690.  SEBASTODES,  Gill. 


I'le- 
linuato, 
hIi.'ii'p 
il  and 
Iverjriu-;, 
cnlar 
rakers 
ipiit : 
Kpincs 
lit  A  a.s 
spine 
n  head, 
muiii- 
f  aniil : 
of  liii 
vei\\ 
■y,  pro- 
1  nieni- 
iiaked. 
1  third 


(KOCKFISIIKS.) 

Sebaslodi'*,  Oiu,,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliilii.  1801, 10,'i  {pnueinpinit). 
Scha«tichthijii,  (iii.i,,  I'roc.  .\c  Niit.  Sol.  IMiilii.  1802,329  (iiiijroeinetuH). 
•SebattowtiiiiM,  GiU-,  I'roc.  Ai .  Nat.  Hvi.  I'liiln.  1804, 147  {inelaiiupM). 
Sebantomiiii,  (iiLi.,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila.  1804, 147  {ruvaeenn). 
.\cut(imetttu)ii,  Kkikn.mann  &.  llKE.soN,  American  NaturaliHt  1893,000  {ovaliH). 
l'ninosi>itia,  Kkienmann  &  Hickson,  Anioncan  Natiiralint  1893,008  (myittinuB). 
."tfiuiiodiiK,  Kkie.nmann  &  Bf.eson,  American  Naturalist  1893,070  {malijei). 
Aiielonjdiia,  Kkie.v.ma.sn  &,  Bek.sO.v,  American  Natiiralittt  1893,070  (auticiilatiiM). 
h'lmicola,  Jordan  &  Kvekmann,  Check-Li.st  Fislics  N.  ami  M.  A.,  429,  IHitC  [pinnvjir). 
Kusebttntes,  .Fokdan  &  Kveilmann,  (Jiieck-List  ]"'i.slie»  N.  and  .M.  A.,  430, 1890  {aurora). 
//i.v/(«Huci(«,  JoKi)AN\  KvKRMANN,  ClieckLlst  Kishert  N.  andM.  A.,  431, 1806  (rubrivinctttii), 
i:iiiiiielag,Jouv\y  &  Kvkrmann,  new  HubgtaiuH  {<jlaucu8). 

l$ody  and  h(!ad  somewhat  coiupresaed;  head  lar^e,  2j  to  3§  iu  length  of 
liody;**  depth  2^  to  3J  iu  length  of  body;  mouth  moderate  or  large,  with 
lh((  Jaws  e(|ual  or  the  lower  more  or  less  projecting;  the  ma.villary  reach- 
ing middle  of  eye  or  beyoud,  aonictinies  beyond  posterior  edge  of  orbit,  its 
length  from  IJ  to  3  in  head;  teeth  in  villiform  bands  ou  Jaws,  vomer,  aud 
palatines.  Head  more  or  less  evenly  scaled,  without  dermal  Haps;  inter- 
orbital  space  couve.x  or  concave,  widening  markedly  with  age;  cranial 
ridges t  more  or  loss  developed,  one  or  more  of  the  fidlowing  pairs  always 


The  lonRth  of  body  iu  these  (loHcriptions  m  measurcfl  in  the  usual  way,  i.  e.,  from 
ii|i  of  iiuuiit  to  base  ut  caudal  tin. 

t  IHaijmm  0/  cranial  ridgcii  «f  Seba.ilodes. 


;  ]■' 


,.h 


(I.  Nasal. 

b.  I'reocular. 

I'.  Supraocular. 


d.  Postocular. 

e.  'ryuipanic. 
/.  Coronal. 


a.  P.irietal. 
ft.  Nuchal, 
i.  Eyes. 


i 


i 


m 


,  1* 


3^ 


17fiO 


Hullctiu  /7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


proHont,  tiHually  ending  In  spines:  prt'ocnlar,  supraocular,  postcxtiihir, 
tyuipiinir,  coronal,  ])iii'iutal,  and  nuclial.  I'ivi'  ]>i'(;opurcular  and  2  npi  r 
cular  Hpines;  I  tolt  HpiiieHon  tbeHiipraHcapulu.  Hiil)orbitalMtay  nioduratt-, 
usually  not  rcathin^  proopcn^lu.  Gill  rak(trs  variouH,  from  very  Ion;;  and 
sltiudor  to  very  short.  Sinles  niodonitu  or  Hiiiall,  nioHtly  ctenoid,  M5  to  loo 
transvn-Ho  HoriuH.  Dorsal  tin  continuous,  eniarginato,  its  I'orniula  Xlll.  12 
to  Iti;  anal  tin  III,  5  to  i).  I'octorals  well  developed,  the  baHe  broad  oi 
narrow,  the  lower  ravH  undivided.  Caudal  HliH;htly  rounded,  truncate,  oi 
Hliv;htly  forked;  Hoft  parts  of  vertical  tins  more  or  Iohs  scaly,  ryloric 
cicctt  (i  to  11.  Verteltrai  12  -f- 15.  Species  of  varied,  often  brilliant  coIoih, 
mostly  red.  Sexes  eobued  alike.  The  f^roup  inhabits  the  two  shores  oi' 
the  Northern  raeitie  Ocean;  some  of  the  Hj)e(!ieH  are  extremely  localized; 
extieediuj^ly  abundant  in  rocky  ])laces  along  the  west  coast  of  the  United 
Htates.  Tliey  seem  to  disajipear  rather  a'lrujitly  to  the  south  of  southern 
California,  lunl  the  number  of  species  dwindles  northward;  none  Arctic, 


SKItASTODI'.H   lt()8AC"KrS. 

Spintm:  a,  prcnciihir;  h,  Hiipraocuhir;  c,  iiohIociiIiit';  ({,  t.yiiipfiiiic;  c,  parictul. 

the  bulk  of  the  group  inhabiting  temperate  waters.  The  vertical  range 
of  most  of  the  species  is  rather  limited  ;  some  live  in  and  near  tide  water, 
and  a  few  species  have  l»eeu  taken  at  a  (lejtth  of  1,()()()  feet.  All  are 
ovoviviparous,  bringing  forth  great  numbers  of  young,  which  are  nearly  I 
inch  in  lengtli  when  born.  The  species  ditVei-  greatly  in  form  and  arnia 
ture,  and  in  the  extension  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  but  the  genera 
based  on  these  dillerences  intergrade  too  closely  to  admit  of  delinition, 
notwithstanding  the  great  differences  which  appear  on  comparison  of 
(extreme  forms. 

The  following  detailed  rem.'irks  on  the  osteology  and  relations  of  Sehus- 
todea  are  taken  from  Cramer's  memoir,  "On  the  cranial  characters  of  the 
genus  Svhaatodea :"" 


'■Vrin-A'aX.  Ac.  Sci  ,  series  1!,  Vol.  v.  189."),  .'jTItOlO,  |)l8.  57-70;  ropriutuil  as  (Jontributi<>ii!« 
to  Biology  from  the  lIoi)kins  Seaside  Laboratory,  Xo.  n. 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     17<i7 


ixmtoculiir, 
ukI  2  opcr- 
y  iiiotlciuti', 
ry  Idii;;  .iml 
id,  H5  to  1(111 
iiliiXlIl.  l.> 
se  liroail  or 
briiiiratt),  or 
y.  Tylorir 
liaut  coIoiH, 
r'o  shores  of 
J  localized; 

tlm  Uiiitod 
of  Roiitlicrii 
lono  Arctic, 


aiiital. 

tical  liiugc 
tide  waler, 
All  are 
irt)  Tiearly  1 

and  anna- 
the  fienera 

definition, 
iparisou  ol' 

18  of  Sehas- 
tcrs  of  tlio 


!()n  tribute  III  St 


The  cliaraeteriHtic  Hpines  and  rid^cH  are:  The  preociilai'  on  the  untrrior 
superior  border  of  the  orhit;  the  Hn|>raocular,  near  the  ed);e  of  the  frontal 
lione  above  the  middle  of  the  orliit;  the  poHtocular,  li'diiiid  tint  Hiipraocn- 
iar,  and  the  tynipanie,  behind  the  poHtocular  on  the  frontal  bone  near  the 
superior  poHterior  anji;le  of  theoritit;  ami  the  parietal,  present  in  all  the 
species,  a  longitndinal  n.lge  on  th(^  nii<ldle  of  the  parietal  bone,  of  thcHe 
I  idgoH  all  may  be  absent  except  the  parietal,  and  in  the  <lil)er«-nt  siterieH 
III  which  they  are  present  differ  excuiedingly  iu  the  degree  of  their  devel- 
opment. The  thicknesM  of  the  bones  of  the  sknll  is  generally  correlate*! 
with  other  characters,  rather  thin  ))a])ery  sknlls  bearing  strongly  (h)Vel- 
()p(!d  bony  ridges,  while  thicker  an<l  more  bony  skulls  have  the  ridges  low 
I ir  obsolete.  Hut  therti  are  several  exceptions  to  the  rule.  Other  eharae- 
tfU'H  at  first  seem  important,  but  as  they  occur  in  a  few  sjiecieH  only,  far 
:ipart  lu  the  series,  they  must  be  regarded  as  hpora<lic.  Thus  nuchal 
spines  are  present  in  S.  /en's,  chlorostictiiK,  aurora,  and  cotmtellaliiH  (m  the 
hist  species  connected  with  a  tendency  of  the  ridges  to  break  up  into 
spines  and  tubercles),  but  they  are  inconstant  even  in  the  species  in  which 
tliey  occur,  so  that  it  is  doubtful  whether  they  an-  always  present  in  any 
slieciea.  The  coronal  spines,  likewise  inconstant,  a.o  usually  jjieseut  in 
N.  aurora,  and  nearly  always  present  in  S.  aurivulatun. 

In  some  snecies  in  which  pairs  of  s]»ines  are  normally  absent,  those  are 
Hoiiietimes  present  in  a  rudimentary  or  distort ed  form,  eitlier  singly  or  in 
pairs.  Although  the  paucisphiiH  grouj)  is  characterized  by  the  abseuc** 
cif  the  usual  pairs  of  spines  in  adults,  2  adult  paiic'Dtpinin  skulls  had  a 
I  iidimentary  supra-  or  post-ocular  on  the  left  side,  and  a  very  young  skull 
ipf  this  division  had  rudimentary  tympanic  spines  on  both  sides  and  a 
postocular  on  the  left  side;  a  niediura-sized  wc/a^ojw  had  a  rudi:uentary 
right  tympanic;  and  a  large  one  had  a  ]iair  of  i)08t:)cnlarH  aiul  a  deformed 
loft  su)»raocular;  a  young  Jlaridny  had  a  rudinmntary  right  postocular;  in 
,111  vloiKjainH,  in  which  the  supraoculars  are  normally  absent,  the  spines 
were  still  present  in  the  form  of  low  humps  on  the  ridge;  iu  another  speci- 
men the  supraocular  spine  was  sharp  and  perfectly  distinct. 

Ililgendoif  expressed  the  belief  that  when  1  of  the  \\  pairs  of  spines 
(supraocular,  postocular,  and  tympanic)  is  absent,  it  is  the  supraociular 
and  not  the  jxistocular  that  has  disappeared. '  This  is  proved  by  several 
series  of  facts.  When  the  'A  spines  are  jjresent  together,  the  distance 
from  the  base  of  the  tympanic  to  the  base  of  the  supraoculiir  on  the  one 
hand,  and  the  distanci^  from  the  supraocular  to  the  preocular  on  the 
other  hand,  are  to  each  other  in  nuiny  species  as  1  to  I,  varying  from 
this  ratio  to  1  to  3  in  rosaccu  ,  while  where  1  of  the  spines  is  absent, 
the  relative  distances  vary  from  3  to  10  to  3  to  15  (except  nebulo>in»,  2  to.")). 
These  measurements  give  the  all  but  invariable  rule  that,  when  1  of  the 
spines  is  absent  the  so-called  supraocular  occupiea  the  position  of  the 
jiostocular.     When  both  the  supraocular  and  postocular  are  present  and 


*  Hilgemlorf :  UobiTsicht  iilicr  dio  Japaniarhcii  Si'ba&tes-Arten,  SitzuiiM-Horicht,  dor 
(lesellsi^liaft  Naturf't>rsi'b«iuli'ii  Fniiuulf  zii  Ucrliii,  1!I.  Dec,  1.S80.  ji.  I(i8.  "T)aH  inaxiiiiuiii 
von  Doi'iieii  am  ()l)('.rl£0]it'  koiiiiiit  \n\\  S.  marmanxliif  mip,  iiiiiiilii^h  lincr  in  ilor  NaaciiKo 
jiciul,  (Icr  iiaHalddi'ii,  dri-i  auf  dom  Aiinenrand,  Orbital-dorneu,  vondeuon  der  mittlcro  boi 
den  auduru  Arteu  zuurst  vcrseUwiudct." 


.   I  - 
'I 


,   ( 


17(18  Ihdh'tin  //,  United  States  National  ^fltseum, 


<liflr«r  iti  Hizo  (which  Ih  iiHiially  tlin  caso),  tiui  Mupniiiiiilar  in  iiivuniilily 
woak«r  tliiiii  tho  poHturiilai'.  'I'hn  duprnHHion  hotNV(M-ii  thit  tyiiiiiaiiic  anil 
poHtociilar  Ih  iilwayn  <l<'»i>,  wliilu  botwortt  tho  ]t(mtoniliir  and  Hnpniurul:i|- 
th«Mo  Ik  froiitioiitly  a  woIl-iiiarktMl  riilfjo  (cliloroiilirtHH,  rlioilovliloriH,  riihini 
miiH).  In  hri8  tli(>  triio  Hnpraocnlar  is  umiall.v  prcHont;  in  the  skull  jit 
han<l  it  wuh  altNent,  Itiit  on  onu  HJdo  a  lilnnt  knob  orciipitMl  th<<  poHition 
rtHpiircd  Ity  tb«)  nilo  of  ndutivu  dlHtaiu'xs,  and  ,|nHt  liuhind  thiM  point,  (in 
l)utli  HidcH,  th<-r)>  waH  a  dcpnmNiou  in  thr  othcivvisu  <  (inUnuniis  riilp\ 
marking  thr  dopi'dHHioii  hutwoon  the  nnpru- and  poHt-ocMilaiH.  In  thoNkiil) 
of  eUmtjalUH,  in  whicli  1  uf  thu  p.iirH  of  HpinoH  is  normally  altHont,  Mit>ro 
in  a  low,  t-oiiiciil,  riidinuMitary  Hpini*  on  tiio  left  uidc,  occupying  tlio  posi- 
tion of  tho  Hiiprnonilar,  as  reqiiirod  by  the  riilo  of  rrl.itivu  diHiiinirK. 
TlicNo  facts,  takon  to;{othMr,  nooiu  to  ostablish  tho  cont-liision  tiiat  wlu>n 
1'  of  tho  trio  of  ])air8  of  HpiiicH  is  ubsont,  tho  Hnpraociibir  spino  huH  di.s- 
nppoured,  and  tlio  supraocular  rld^o  nior;{od  with  tho  jiostoi  iilur. 

Of  tho  chauv,0M  that  tako  placo  with  incroasini;  a^o,  tho  followin;^  uii 
among  tho  most  constant:  The  bonus  of  tho  skull  ;rrow  Miickor  and  in 
vory  largo  spocimcus  bo<-onie  «poiifey.  Tho  processes  of  tho  nu'sothinoid 
bocomo  doprossfd;  and  tlio  voutnil  jtrocoss  of  tho  basisphcnoid.  wlnii 
present  at  all,  Homotimes  sutlers  complete,  and  always  ]>artial  absorption. 
Tho  intcrorbital  space  grows  relatively  wider,  this  Ix-ing  one  of  the  most 
striking  and  constant  variations.  Tho  width  of  this  sjtacc  is  always  given 
as  measured  at  its  narrowest  ])art  (which  nanally  falls  imnu'diatoly  behind 
the  ])roocular  spines),  and  compared  with  the  total  length  of  tho  ba.se  ol' 
the  skull.  In  n  young  rcxiUartH,  tho  ratio  of  intororbital  width  into  the 
length  of  tho  base  of  tho  akull  isftj,  in  a  niodium-si/ed  onot,",  and  in  u 
largo  one  4.  In  a  young  maliiiir  it  is  I-,,  in  an  old  one  4^;  in  a  young 
minidiun  3^,  in  an  old  one  3]^',  in  a  young, //a  ri(?ii.s  ;{/,,  in  an  old  one  ;<.  In 
a  very  young  ruhcrrimnH  it  is  (51,  in  one  L'  or  'A  times  as  large  5^',  in  one  in 
which  tho  cranial  ridges  are  abnost  completely  serrated  5,  and  in  a  very 
large  old  specimen  ^./^  . 

It  will  be  soon  from  tho  key  given  below  that  in  several  parts  of  the 
group  clcsely  related  spocdes  have  the  parietals  in  contact;  but  whih*  this 
serves  well  as  a  character  of  subordinate  importance,  the  more  fact  that 
any  2  8i>eclo8  have  parietals  which  meet  or  overlap  is  no  proof  of  aflinity 
unless  it  is  supported  by  otlna*  agreemontB.  Tho  most  reliable  cranial 
characters  for  the  purpose  of  ciassilication  of  tho  species  are;  The  degree 
of  curvature  of  the  base  of  tho  skull;  the  convexity  or  concavity  of  the 
intororbital  space  and  its  relative  width ;  the  direction  of  tho  uiesethmoid 
processes;  the  d<'gree  of  devolopment  of  the  ventral  process  of  tho  basi 
sphenoid,  au<l  tho  strength  or  weakness  of  the  cranial  ridges.  These  char- 
acters are  closely  correlated,  and  furnish  tho  only  basis  for  tho  arrangt^- 
meut  of  the  species  within  the  genus.  In  the  jKn/cj«;>twi8,  tnelanoim,  and 
piunUjer  groups  (.see  ciassilication  below)  the  base  of  the  skull  is  strikingly 
curved;  the  intororbital  space  is  always  convo.K  (at  most  llat,  never  con 
cave)  and  relatively  wide,  its  width  never  being  more  than  3^  in  the 
length  of  the  base  of  the  skull;   the  uiesethmoid   processes  are  ue\cr 


Joniixn  ami  Evcnnann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      17<»D 


iliit'(tiHl  iipwanl;  tlii<  voiitnil  ptocuHs  nf  the  l)iiNiH|ilii'iii>i<l  ih  iiltHoiil,  or 
iu(1iii'«mI  to  II  iiit<ro  point,  or  lit  iiioHt  oioiiHiuntilly  pi«>iii>iit  in  vor.v  yonii({ 
^pffiiiiuHH;  tlir  friiniiil  riil^'OH  tiro  poorly  or  not  at  all  iluvulop«il,  aiul  thu 
sjiliiOH  lilt'  (iMJii'iiUt  or  aliH'nt.  In  tlie  vhmicvhh-  nrUuluHun  ^lonpN  tlio  Iiiini^  nf 
ihf  siviill  i,H  NtraiKlit  orncmly  ho;  tlic  iniororhitiil  Hp.icii  iH  alwnyH  coiuavu 
ami  narrow,  ita  ratio  in  tbo  biirtu  of  tho  Hkitll  vuryinu  Ironi  l|  to  (if;  tlio 
iiicsctlinioid  proccHsi'M  an'  ul\Miy«  ilimttMl  nii)n>  or  Ichm  upward;  ami  thu 
M'litral  proiuHH  of  lliu  liaHi-iplionoitl,  tlio  cranial  ridguH  and  tlio  HpinoN  uru 
-lron;;ly  do\elo|»od. 

TliuHo  2  ;;roii|iH  of  chanicterH  woiihl  fnrniHli  an  aiiipli;  haniM  for  tlie 
iliviKioii  of  tlm  };rnii  <  into  2,  if  tin  spriios  innitiomd  \vuti>  alone  to  Im> 
.  .Misidi'reil.  Hilt  Itft Wfon  the 'J  (iioiijis  distiiiv;MiMluMl  hy  tliiMii  «'lla^a(■tor^4 
lirN  anotlit'i'  (inlroui;i*r-ttiirorn)  in  wliidi  the  baso  of  the  MknII  in  Hoiiitnvliut 

tiirvod  (  approaching;  Htiai^htiit'SM),  liie  inti  rorliital  sp; is  Hat  or  Mli<r|itly 

(iiiicave,  of  niedinni  width,  I  li>  1^  into  the  Imsc  of  liio  .skull,  the  prort-sHeH 
(if  the  uteHi-thntoitl  are  directtMl  but  little  iipwartl  and  the  ventral  proo-HH 
iif  the  liaHiHphi'iioid  is  pooily  d*>vi'lop<>d.  My  the  interpoHition  of  thiH 
uniiip  it  \h  poMHible  to  aiianj;*'  a  Hcriis  from  I'liinhpiii'm  to  roiKiicuH  in  which 
there  is  an  almost  perfect  gradation  <>f  all  the  above-incntioned  ehaiacters, 
Hiiiii  Htrikingly  curved  to  straight  bami  of  hUuII,  from  convex  and  broad  to 
(oiicave  ami  narrow  iuterorbital  Hpac»«,  lioin  niestthmoid  proccHses  do- 
pit«ssed  to  those  directed  lo'  above  the  dorsal  plane  of  the  hUiiII,  from  u 
iiiilimentary  to  a  fully  developed  ventral  proeosM  of  the  baMi8idienoi«l,  and 
11(1111  ueiirly  (di8olet«>  to  t»tron;iIy  developed  cranial  ridj^es. 

The  8in;;le  Hpecies  rubfrrhnus  furnishes  at  dilferent  stages  in  itfldevelop- 
iiioiit  a  aeries  of  charaeteis  that  parallel  in  a  striking  way  the  series  just 
described.  The  very  young  skull  is  so  inuch  like  those  of  roaaceim  and 
iliiidorhlorh  that,  if  it  were  the  only  niherrimiiH  at  band,  it  might  easily  b« 
put  iietween  them  in  aseries.  The  width  of  the  iuterorbital  space  istij  into 
tlio  Itase  of  the  skull,  relatively  narrower  than  that  of  any  other  skull  in 
tlii^  collection  of  .">(),  and  deeply  concave;  the  mesetbmoid  processes  are 
(liiectcd  upward  and  the  ventral  process  of  the  basisjihenoid  is  well  »level- 
iipisd.  The  very  largo  skull  of  thi^  same  species  is  almost  exactly  adapted 
1(1  the  descri](tioii  of  the  aurora-intronUjer  group.  The  iuterorbital  space 
is  perfectly  Hat  ami  4-/,,  into  the  baso  of  the  skull,  the  niesethmoid  proc- 
esses extend  forward  nearly  horiztmtally  and  the  ventral  proc«'ss  of  the 
liasisphenoid  is  rudimentary.  The  gap  between  these  two  extremes  is 
loiiipletely  closed  by  skulls  of  iutermediate  age. 

N.  naxicola  and  diplopioa  constitute  .mother  intermediate  group  with  the 
base  of  the  skull  markedly  curved,  the  inteiorbital  space  slightly  convex 
(11-  llat,  of  medium  width,  3!}  to  4i  into  the  base  of  the  skull,  uiescthnu>id 
processes  directed  but  little  upward,  aud  the  ventral  process  of  the  basi- 
sphonoid  rudimentary  or  fairly  developed.  This  intermediate  group,  unlike 
ilie  other,  lacks  the  supraocular  spine  and  probably  forms  one  of  the  links 
Iietween  the  fw<0Hi«;ia8-/>iHHiV/er  group  and  the  other  rockiish  in  which  the 
sapraocular  is  wanting. 

The  following  classilication  (containing  most,  but  not  all,  of  the  species), 
3030 34 


i 

1 


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> 


^MAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


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140 


2.0 


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Hiotographic 

Sdences 

Corporalion 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  •72-4503 


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1770         Btilletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 

based  exclusivi'ly  on  crauiul  characters,  suiiiinari/es  what  has  been  Haiii 
and  incliideH  Honio  <letail8  not  hitherto  mentioned: 

a.  Unso  of  HkiiU  niurkfUly  curved.    Intcrorbital  spaco  convex  or  Hat,  broad,  less  tlian 
\S\  in  tlio  base  of  the  nktill.     I'nH'i'sai's  of  lueHotliiiioid   not  diroctou  ii])wai'(l. 
Ventnil  process  of  biiHispli<;noid  rudiinoutary.    Crunial  rid(;i"H  obsolete  or  weak, 
spines  absent  or  dclioute. 
b.  Crunial  ridges  (except  ]iarietal)  obsolete  or  very  slightly  developed.    Crauial 
spines  absent  or  very  inconstant  and  weakly  develoiHtd. 
c.  Farietals  not  meeting;  mesethnioid  ])roGessos  weak  and  depressed;  skull 
moderately  tliick;  parietal  lidges  weak,  with  minute  spines  or  nouu; 
other  ridges  none. 
(J.  Interorbital  space  plainly  convex.  paucispinis. 

dd.  Interorbital  Hpace  nearly  Hat.  .ioudam;  ooodei. 

ce.  Parietals  meeting  in  the  midtlle  lino,  bnt  separated  posteriorly  by  a  wed^o- 
shaped  t^xposuro  of  the  suprnoccipital.    Mesethnioid  processes  better 
i^oveloped,  straight,  and  horizontal;   skull  thick,  the  bones  .striated; 
parietal  ridges  low,  spineless,  other  ridges  none, 
e.  Preocular  spines  none.  KLAVIDU8;  mklanoi'.s, 

ee.  Preocular  spines  present.  mystinus. 

66.  Cranial  ridges  somewhat  developed;  preocular,  supraocular,  postocular,  tynr 
panic,  and  parietal  spines  jn'osent,  all  delicate;  ventral  process  of  basi- 
s]>henoid  sometimes  present  in  young.     (Tympanic  spines  usually  absent  or 
imperfect  in  atroeiycns.) 
/.  Parietals  not  meeting;  interorbital  s])ace  usually  plainly  convex;   buues 
thick,  more  or  less  striated. 
g.  Supraocular  spine  ]>re8ent. 

h.  Base  of  skull  strikingly  curved;  parietals  nearly  meeting. 

KNTOMELAS;   OVALIS;   HOPKINSl. 

hh.  Base  of  skull  less  strikingly  carved ;  parietals  well  separated. 

t.  Interorbital  plainly  convex.  PINNIGEk. 

it.  Inter'»rbital  space  flat,  or  nearly  so.  miniatcs. 

gg.  Supraocular  spine  absent;  parietals  well  .separated  ^  interorbital  space 

but  little  convex;  mesetlimoid  processes  dir<«ted  somewhat  u)i- 

ward.  ATKOVIREiN.s. 

aa.  Base  of  skull  markedly  curved.     Interorbital  space  flat  or  slightly  concave,  ol 
medium  width,  UJ  to  4^  in  base  of  skull.     Processes  of  me.sethmoid  directed 
but  little  upward.    Ventral  process  of  baaisphenoid  rudimentary  or  fairly  de 
veloped. 
j.  Cranial  ridges  fairly  -leveloped ;  supraocular  spines  absent ;  skull  thin,  papery ; 
mesethnioid  |>roce8ses  horizontal, 
it.  Parietals  not  meeting.  saxicola. 

kk.  Parietals  meeting.  diplopkoa. 

aaa.  Base  of  skull  nearly  straight  (slightly  curved).    Interorbital  space  flat  or  slightly 
concave,  of  medium  width,  4  to  4)  in  base  of  skull.    Processes  of  mesethnioid 
directed  but  little  upward.    Ventral  process  of  basis])henoid  rudimeutaiy  or 
poorly  developed.    Cranial  ridges  and  spines  quite  strong. 
I.  Cranial  ri'lges  well  developed.    Preocular,  supraocular,  postocular,  tympanic, 
parietal  and  nuchal  spines  present ;  coronal  spines  usually  present. 

INTRONIGEB;  AURORA;  MELANOSTOMIS. 

aaaa.  Base  of  skull  straight,  or  nearly  so.    Interorbital  space  concave  and  narrow,  4J 
to  6j  in  base  of  skull.    Processes  of  mesetlimoid  directed  upward.    Ventral 
process  of  basisphenoid  well  developed.    Cranial  ridges  high  and  strong, 
m.  Supraocular  spine  present.    Parietals  not  meeting. 

n.  Skull  thick;  cranial  ridges  broken  into  tubercles  and  spines;  inter- 
orbital space  Oat ;  mesethmoid  processes  horizontal ;  ventral  proces.s 
of  basisphenoid  rudimentary  in  adult  (the  skull  of  young  almost 
exactly  as  in  rosaeexu;  see  below).  KUBUBumuii. 


*- 


Jordan  and  Everniann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     1771 


nn.  Skull  Hoiiinwlijit  ))a)iory;  riilgcs  Hiiioutli;  intororbitnl  Hpare  coiiciive; 
niCHothiiiDiil  piocoMHOH  (lirecti'(!  upward;  ventral  i>rocess  <>t' l:n«i- 
splivuoid  well  tl(!VL')<iiit't1  in  Itotli  voun;;  and  old.     co.v.stell ATI's ; 

ll(  SACEVS;   KHODOCHLOlilH  ;  CHLOUOSTICTU8  J   ULTESTUIS. 

mm.  Siiprnocular  8))int'  almiT.t. 

0.  InttTorbital  space  not  widening  markedly  backward. 

jj.  I'arietals  not  inci'tin};;  Hkuli  papery.  ELONOATl'S. 

yy.  I'arietida  nieetiiiK;  rtkiill  bony. 

q.  Nuchal  8|)ines  none.  RunRlviSCTUS;  LEVIS. 

qq.  Nuchal  Hpiuea  present;  ridges  thick  and  hi;;ii. 

SEIUUCEI'S:  NKIROCINCTUS. 

00.  luterorbitnl   space   widening    markedly  backward;  purietnls  not 
meeting. 
r.  Coronal  spines  present  j  skull  bouy.  aouiccijitcs. 

rr.  Coronal  spines  none. 

a.  Skull  thick;   bones  striated;   iuterorbital  a]>ace  slightly 

convex.  rastkkli.ioeb. 

Sf,.  Interorbital  space  concava  and  the  cranial  ridges  strong 

and  high.  VKXH.IAKIH;  MAI.IOKK;  CAKNArUS; 

('IIKVSO.MKI.AH;   NEUlLOsrS;  (IILDEKII. 

The  interorbital  space  bt  conies  more  concave  and  narrower  uud  the  ridges  stronger 
.iiid  higiier  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  series. 

Messrs.  Eigenmann  &..  Beeson  have  sitteinpted  to  subdivide  this  geiitis 
into  several  on  the  batsis  of  cruniul  chuiacters.  iMi'.  Cramer  lias  given  in 
detail  in  tiie  paper  ab«)vo  quoted  bis  reasons  for  rejecting  tiiese  proposed 
u-ueva  and  for  reverting  to  the  seriueiice  of  sji^cies  in  Jordan  &  Gilbert's 
SvDopsis.  The  charaeter  especially  put  forward  by  Eigenmann  &  Heeson, 
that  of  the  contact  (not  union)  of  the  parietals,  seems  to  us  of  very  slight 
value,  even  as  a  specilic  distinction. 

The  following  is  the  analysis  of  genera  of  Sebastinu>  given  by  Eigen- 
mann &  Beeson.* 

SUBASTIN.K: 
rt.  Yertel"'a>  27  or  more. 

h.  Dorsal  spines  14  to  16;  the  lower  pectoral  rays  thickened,  unbranched,  and 
produced;  ventrals  directly  under  pectorals.  Suborbital  stay  strong,  spi- 
nil'erous.  SiiiiASTui.onvs. 

66.  Dorsal  spines  13;  vcrtebne  27. 

c.  Palatines  witii  teeth.     Lover  jiectoral  rays  unbranched,  their  tips  pro- 
.iccting. 
d.  Parietals  meeting  above  the  8upraoccipital,t  except  sometimes  in 
I'rimotpina. 
e.  Jaws  equal;   head  n.arrow  above:   high  and  ]>romiueut  cranial 
keels  endii>g  in  spines.     I'reocular,  supraocular,  tympanic, 
and  parietal  present.    Ciill  r.ikers  usually  short,  spatulate 
or  clavate,  their  broadened  ti|)8  spiuiferoiis.    Scales  usually 
very  strongly  ctenoid ;    accessory   scales   nunitu'oiis;    sub- 
orbital stay  directed  obliquely  downward  and  backward; 
second  anal  spine  much  heavier  than  and  at  least  as  long  as 
third.    Body  short  and  deep,  back  arched,  mouth  very  large 
but  rather  narrow,  head  heavy.    Inter  and  sul)  opercle  with- 
out spine.    Hranchiostegals  and  lower  jaw  naked.    Three  or 
4  large  pores  along  each  ramus  of  the  lower  Jaw.    Species 
usually  with  cross  bands.  Sebastichthys. 


r  T  <■ 


*  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xvii,  1894, 375-407. 
t  See  Sebastomwt  eereus  and  elomjatut. 


.'I 


m 


I 


1773         Dulldm  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


ee.  Lower  Jaw  niiioli  projecting;  lutad  broad,  nknll  iiHiially  (midvi^x; 
iTuninl  ridges  when  jireMcn*  uwnally  low.  Gill  rakers  very 
long  ami  Hlcndor;  Hcal.iH  iiHiially  hiiiooMi,  lew,  if  any,  ancs. 
Hory  scales .  Hrancliiostegals  and  lowei  ,jaw  Mcalcd.  I'oics 
of  lower  Jaw  concealed  except  in  sonic  species  of  Acuto- 
mentum. 
/.  I'niocular  8i)ine»  well  develojied.     Perilimeuni  black. 

g.  rostocnlar    spine   present.    Siii)raocn'ar,   tyniimnic 

and  occipital  si>ines  well  developed.    Second  anil 

8]dne  HtronKcr  and  usually  longer  than  tlietliirl. 

Synipliyseal    knob   strong,   proJe(!ting    forward. 

Dorsal    low.     Lower  pectoral  rays  normal,   not 

thickened.    No  s))in<>s  on  inter- and  subopcrclcs. 

(Mandible  and  »naxillary  scaled.)   AcrTo.MKxrr.M. 

gg.  rostoculnr  8]>ineH  not  develoi)ed.    Siipraoeidar  and 

tyni|>anic  sometimes  iiresent,  always  concealed 

by  the  skin.    Oc(ii)itals  ending  in  s)>ines  or  nol. 

Interorbital  wide,  convex.     Lower  pectoral  rays 

thickened,  their  tips  projecting  beyond  <1io  mem- 

braiK'.     Hones  of  the  skull  striate  and  ]>itted. 

Mouth  small,  narrow.    Spines  ou  inter-  and  suit 

opercle  sometimes  present,     reritoneum  black. 

I'KIMo.si'l.NA. 

f/.  Preocular  without  sjdne;   skull  smooth,  without  s|)iiie.s. 

Lower  pectoral  rays  norniiil.    No  s|iincs  on  inter,  or 

suboperclc.    I'eritoneum  usually  white. 

Skhastosomus. 
dd.  Parietals  separated  by  the  supraoccipital.* 

h.  Uranium  with  parietal  ridges  only.  Lower  Jaw  much  project- 
ing, entering  the  iirotile;  a  prominent  synipliy.seal  knob 
directi'il  forward.  Head  broad,  convex.  Interorbital  con- 
vex, nearly  smooth.  Lower  pectoral  rays  normal;  no 
spines  on  inter-  anil  .wubopercle.  Exposed  hrancliiostegals, 
maxillary,  and  mandibles  densely  scaled.  Pores  of  lower 
Jaw  concealed  by  the  scales.  SKn.vSToDK.s. 

hh.  Crfiniuiu  with  many  ridges,  all  ending  in  spines.    ISranchios- 
tegals  (excejit  in  A.miiora,  H.  iiroHijet;  and  «S'.  rufui/)  and 
usually  the  lower  Jaw  naked.    I'ores  of  lower  Jaw,  except 
in  Aucti'Kpina,  very  large,  con8]>ieuous,  sPtlike. 
i.  Postocular  and  tym)ianic.  spines  lioth  present.     Lower 
pectoral  rays  thickened  (e.xcept  in  Srbattoiiiug  rv/us) . 
Interoporcle  and  suliopi^nde  usually  with  spines. 
J.  Coronal  and  nuchal  spines  present ;  a  sjiine  below, 

another  in  frmit  of  eye.  ( ). 

jj.  Coronal  spines  not  developed.  SEnAtaDMis. 

ii.  Postocular  spine  not  developed;  interopcrde  and  s.ib- 

opercle  each  with  a  spire  at  tlieiv  approximated 

corners. 

k.  Coronal  spines  not  devehiped  ;  lowt^"  pectoral  rays 

usually  thickened;    interorbital  usually  witli 

a  groove  in  its  middle.     The  large  pores  (■•) 

along  e.ich  ramus  of  the  lower  Jaw  open.    >Iax- 

illary,  mandible,  and  hrancliiostegals  usually 

naked  or  with  minute  embedded  scales. 

Ptkkoi'odus. 


*  Except  in  (ereun  and  sometimes  iu  elongatus. 


t 
?' 


5]i- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1773 


lly  convex ; 
'itkers  very 
any,  acres- 
led.  I'oics 
>«  of  Xcutu- 

black. 

tympanic, 
^cconil  aniil 
n  the  tliii'l. 
g  loruanl. 
iiiniial,  nut 
ubopcrdcs. 
■ToMKxrr.M. 
locnlar  and 
s  concealed 
lines  or  nol. 
eetoral  ray« 
1(1  tlio  niein 
and  pitted, 
er-  and  huIi 
leiini  blai  k. 
'Ul.Mosi'l.NA. 
loiit  Hpines. 
on  inter-  or 

A8T080MUS. 

iich  project- 
lyseal  knob 
•orbital  con- 
iiorninl;  no 
i'lliostei;als, 
•es  of  lower 
Un.VSTODKS. 

JSrancliioH- 
.  '•!'/««)  and 
i  aw,  except 
u. 

Lower 
u»rv/us). 
pines, 
no  below, 

( ). 

IBASTOMl".-;. 

and  Hdb- 
>ro.\iniatcd 

•toral  rays 
iialiy  witli 
pores  (-1) 
I'n.  Max- 
Is  usually 
es. 

IKOrODUS. 


I'k.  Coronal    spines  developed;    interorbital  with  a 

nic.lian  ridge;  gill  rakers  long;  lower  jiectoral 

rays  normal,  not  tliickencd  and  Mushy.     I'oreg 

of  lower  Jaw  (in  anriciilatiia)  entirely  closed 

by  a  thin  membrane.  ArcTosiMNA. 

ce.  ''alatines  without  teeth.    I'reocular.  supraocular,  postocular,  t\  mpanic, 

parietal,  nuchal,  and  coronal  s]iinoH  developed.    Suborbital  stay  witli 

a  sharp  spiniferous  riilge.  SiohastuI'HIS. 

.vbout  12  or  15  sprcies  *  of  Sehaainileii  luivr  liceii  (Icsrrilied  from  the  wat<irs 
itt'  Japan,  and  iihout  5r»  8i»ecies  from  tho  I'ju'ilic  coiist  (if  Nortli  America. 
riiiiB  far  non(;  liaH  I)«m-ii  found  common  toliotli  coauts  of  tho  Pacitic.  There 
is  proof  that  at  htm't  'A  H|>ecies  inhabit  the  west  coast  of  South  America. 
In  view  of  the  fact  tliat  nearly  all  the  species  of  this  genus  have  been 
(liacovorcd  during  the  last  15  years,  that  there  are  strong  indications  that 
tilt!  coasts  of  .Ja])an  and  temperate  South  America  may  contain  nearly  as 
iii(!at  a  variety  of  forms  as  has  been  brought  to  light  on  the  coast  of 
America,  and  that  tho  range  of  known  species  is  likely  to  be  greatly  «!X- 
touded,  it  has  been  th(m,<j;ht  i»roper  to  apjtend  in  footnotes  the  diagnoses 
of  all  the  known  species  of  this  remarkable  genus.  (Sebantea ;  f  1^601;,  re- 
semblance.) 

Analysis  of  North  .\MEnirAN  Species  op  SEnASTODK.s. 


oi.AuruB, 'J177. 


KmMEI.AS  (er,  in  ;  Hc'Aa,  black) : 

I.  Dorsal  spines  M;  skull  tiiick,  with  small  spines;  colors  dull. 

I I.  Dorsal  Njiine.s  always  lit. 

((.  Interorbital  spae(!  more  or  less  convex  (never  concave),  broad,  less  than  ;ij  in  base 

of  skull:  cranial  ridges  vt'Ty  low  or  (d)solete,  the  s]iines,  when  jin'sent,  delicatts 

base  of  skull  strongly  ciu'ved,  nu!sethmoid  processes  not  elevated  (not  directed 

ui)ward),  ventral  process  of  baaisphenoid  riulinientary  (or  fairly  d(n(doped  only 

in  young) ;  skull  usually  thick;  anal  rays  III,  0  to  111,  0;  gill  rakers  usually  long 

and  slender;  snoiir,  ]>reorbitals,  aud.iaws  more  or  h-ss  scal.y. 

b.  Cranial  ridges  (except  pjirietal)  all  ob.solete  or  very  slightly  developed,  cranial 

spines  absent  or  very  inconstant  and  niiiuite  (regularly  present  only  in  young), 

(preoeular  spines  \  >iially  present  in  myslimm)  -,  lower  .jaw  much  projecting. 

SEBASTODES: 

c.  Parietal  bones  not  meeting;  racsethmoid  processes  weak  and  depressed ;  scales 
small,  90  to  lUO  transverse  series  of  scales  above  lateral  line,  5;')  to  80  tubes; 
lower  Jaw  much  projecting,  entering  protlle,  a  large  syniphyseal  knob, 
directed  forward.     A.  Ill,  8  to  111,  10. 


A  fossil  species  is  referred  to  this  genus,  viz:  Sebafitoden  rotce,  Eigenmann,  known 
Iroiii  a  fragment  found  at  Port  Harford,  (Jalifornia.    It  is  thus  describetl: 
■  Si'hastoden  ( I )  roscv,  Eioenmann,  Zoe,  i,  Ki,  1890. 

'■  During  half  an  hour's  search  in  ii  '■)ed  of  Tertiary  fossils  at  Port  Tlarford,  California, 
;i  cc)mparativ(ilv  large  number  of  Hsh  reiuain.s  were 'discovered.  They  consisted  mostly 
ol  isolated,  and  in  many  cases  fragmentary,  bones,  mixed  with  tho  rei'iiaius  of  mammals, 
liii'ds,  crustaceans,  radiates,  an('  nH)lIusks. 

■'  .\mong  the  tish  reuuiiiis  is  the  h»wer  of  the  jinjopercle  of  a  Hebastodes,  or  some  related 
;:rnus.  It  represents  a  fish  about  0.30  ni.  long.  The  \i  lower  iireojiercular  spines  are 
<>r  :ihout  equal  size  and  the  distance  between  them  is  about  e(iual.  They  are  all  directetl 
downward  and  backward.  The  ridge  between  the  exposed  portion  of  the  limb  and  that 
liiirtion  serving  for  the  attachment  of  the  muscles  of  the  cheek  is  less  inarke(l  than 
in  living  species,  and  the  latter  surtiue  is  shallower  and  broader.  Compared  with  liv- 
ing species  of  ISebastodf*  this  species  most  rc^sembles  rotacnix;  the  preopercle  is,  how- 
ever, miu'h  heavier.  The  openings  into  the  mucous  canal  dltl'er  from  all  living  spctMea 
very  strikingly.  There  are  'A  such  openings,  or  pits,  on  the  anterior  half  of  the  tirst 
.s|iii'ie,  decreasing  in  size  backward  (the  posterior  is  quite  small  and  not  in  view  in  tho 
;i('i'omp;inying  figure).  There  is  a  large  pit  between  the  tirst  and  second,  and  another 
iM'tween  the  second  and  third  spines,  and  2  smaller  ones  on  the  anterior  half  of  tUeaecond 
spine.    The  species  may  stand  as  Hebatttodcn  ( I )  rotce,"    (Eigenmann.) 


1,!- 


, :  ■liv' 


"tX 


1774  Bulletm  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


d,  Perifoiipmii  wimlly  black;  liody  v«!r,v  HloiidtT,  tlio  dopth  4  in  l<<n);lli;  cdl 
oriition  silvery  olivii  or  rod;  Hkcleton  ratlior  lloxiblo.  A.  Ill, Dor  I(j, 
H(;iiloH  55,  Kill  rnkcrs  a:+2!>.  .iC)nr>ANi,  217h. 

dd.  Peritoiiutiin  whitour  with  dark  (iotn;  doptli  about  8J  iu  lcnf$lli ;  Hkoletmi 
Hrni. 
e.  Anal  rays  III,  8;  porca  of  liitoral  lino  about  55;  ^ill  rakcrit  x  i^:. 
duHky olivaccoiia  above,  nilvury  on sidcH,  more  or  Icbh  IIuhIicmI  with 
rod.  fifxnjKi.  '2\~\i. 

ee.  Anal  riiys  III,  C;  tubno  of  lateral  lino  05  to 80;  color  li;;bt  oliviicciiii-. 
red;  young  olivaceous,  Honicwbat  iiiottlcd.       PAi'cmi'iNis.  i!l.«i'. 
ec.  Parietal    lumos    usually  nicetinj;;    niesetlnnoid    procesHos  bettor  dovuloiicil. 
straiKlit,  not  elevated. 
SebamTobomus  {Sehanten;  aii/xa,  body) : 
/.  Peritoneum  white;  dorsal  tin  deeply  emarginate. 
g.  Anal  rays  III,  0. 

h.  Pectorals  reaching  tips  of  ventrals,  but  not  quite  to  vent ;  olivaceous : 

caudal  yellowish  green.  flavidis,  2IKI. 

hh.  Pectorals  not  n^aching  tips  of  ventrals,  not  nearly  to  venl ;  gras  oi 

varying  shades,  the  back  darker;  u  series  of  large  white  blotdits 

along  sides  of  back  much  more  marked  in  some  than  in  others; 

flns  yellowish.  sekhanoidk.s,  i;i8J. 

gtf.  Anal  rays  III,  8;  color  dusky,  sides  spotted  with  black;  caiulal  dark. 

MKLANOI'.-t,  21H3. 

PRiMO.srixA  {priuivs,  first ;  uphivs,  spine) : 
//.  Peritoneum  black  ;  colors  dusky,  tins  blackish,  dorsal  flu  not  very  deeply  eniiii- 
ginate. 
i.  Anal  rays  111,8;  |)reocular  ridges  obsolete,  frontal  region  between  tliein 
not  specially  convex  ;  color  greenish,  s])C(^kled  with  olive. 

(■|I,IATU.«,  21iJ4. 

ii.  Anal  rays  III,  9;  preocular  ridges  present,  usually  ending  in  M[»ine«.  iVdii 
tal  region  between  them  bulging;  color  blackish.         mvstinus,  lM8.'i. 
lb.  Craniol  ridges  soinewliatdevelo])ed,  itreociilar,  postocular,  tympanic,  and  ])ariei;il 
spines  usually  all  present,  delicate  (su|>raocular  also  present  in  some  species : 
tympanic  upually  absent  in  atrovireim) ;  lower  jaw  projecting ;  ]>arietal  bones 
'    usually  not  meeting. 
ACUTOMENTUM  {aetitun,  acute;  mentum,  chin): 
j.   Lower  jaw  much  projecting;  scales  rather  small;  lateral  line  50  to  75 ;  analrnvs 
III,  7,  to  III,  9;  dorsal  fin  not  deeply  em.irginate,  soft  dca'sal  low. 
k.  Second  anal  spine  scarcely  or  not  longer,  usually  shorter,  than  third. 

I.  Supraocular  spine  wanting;  color  creamy  olivaceous;  peritoneum 

black.  BNTOMELAS,  218(i. 

I{.  Supraocular  spine  usually  present. 
m.  Peritoneum  black. 

w.  Anal  rays  III,  8;  compressed,  elongate ;  rufous,  variously 
marked  w^itli  brown.  nuFU.s,  2187. 

nn.  Anal  rays  III,  7;  elongate;  head  pointed;  mostly  hl^ick 
above,  lateral  line  vermilion,  black  band  below  it. 

MACDONAI.DI,  21 KK. 

mm.  Peritononm  white.  buevisimnis,  2is'.i. 

kk.  Second  anal  spine  notably  longer  than  third ;  peritoneum  black. 
0.  Supraocular  spines  usually  present. 

p.  Body  rather  ovate,  the  depth  less  tiian  3  in  length. 

g.  Lateral  line  about  70 ;  color  chiefiy  creamy.      ovAi.is,  21!ui. 

(jq.  Lateral  line  about  4U ;  color  darker.       eicexmanni,  21'.il. 

pp.  Body  elongate;   depth  more  than  3;  pores  of  lateral  line  rm 

to  52. 

r.  Pectorals  not  reaching  vent;  A.  Ill,  7;  color  creamy  wit  li 

dark  bauds;  spines  on  head  very  weak,  oftt'u  absent. 

HOPKUiSi,  2rJ2. 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America,      177.') 


lotweeii  tlifiii 


vr.  I'octoralH  roacliiiiR  vents  A.  Ill,  8;  diiMky  aliovc,  with 
faint  trncuH  of  lUrkur  blotclicM  along  Wack. 

ALUTirt,  219:1. 
00.    Bupraociilnr  KpinoH  aliHont,  bmly  rather  ))lon);iito;  A.  Ill,  7;   color 
cliii'lly  rt'il.  ntouioKK.  '.M!>4. 

Kosicoi.A  (riiteus,  n'd;  <'((^(,  to  inlmbil ;  living  in  the  zono  of  rrtl  ulj^ii') : 
jj.     Loworjiiw  littlo  projpctinn;  Rcalcs  niodcratn,  liitnral  llni:  45  IoTm;    A.  111,7, 
or  III,  (1. 
».  Supraocular  I  pineproHnnt;  A,  III,  7;  color  hmI. 

t.  ScalpH  on  niandiblo  Hniootli ;  color  chictly  orango.         I'lNNHiF.u,  SUI."). 
tt.  ScaloH  on  mandibb'  vc^y  roiiKli;  color  cbinlly  brick  red. 

u.  Color  above.  dcf|)  vermilion,  niottletl  with  lloahctdoron  HidcH; 
belly  light  red. 
V.  No  K|tin<'H  below  oye.  minmati'h,  211)6. 

Dii.  SpineH  prenent  below  eye.  ai.KI'TIA.m  s,  2ll>7. 

ute.  (Jolor  reddmli  orange,  inncb  mottled  on  back  and  upper  part 
of  sideH  with  dark  brown.  ATROIlt'ltKNa,  21it8. 

M.  Sapraocnlar  H])ine  wanting;  interorbitnl  npaee  but  little  convex:  man- 
dible with  a  few  Hmooth  Hcales;  color  oil vaceus.  A.  Ill,  (i;  tynipaniu 
spine  iiHiially  abnent.  ati'.oviuk.n.s,  "jII)'.*. 

Eo.'^F.BABTES  (qio*,  dawu  ;  Sebastct) : 
aa.  Interorbital  space  flat  or  alightly  concave,  of  medium  width ;  me.sethmoid  proce.sKes 
but  little  or  not  at  all  elevated,  ventr.il  jfrocesH  of  bimiBphenoid  rudimentary. 
Cranial  ridges  and  spines  moderately  strong.     Lower  , jaw  moderately  or  not 
much,  Hometimes  not  at  all,  projecting;  gill  rakers  usually  long  and  slender; 
A.  Ill,  6,  to  III,  8.    Deep-water  species. 
w.  Base  of  skull  stjongly  curved,  supraocular  spine  absent. 
X.  Parietalrt  not  meeting,  lower  .jaw  somewhat  projecting. 

y.  Gill  rakera  10 -f  22 :  dark  bars  on  sides  faint,  becoming  obsolete  with 

ago.  SAXK'OLA,  2200. 

yy.  Gill  rakers  10-1-21,  slender,  2J  in  orbit;  no  distinct  dark  cross  bars. 

IHAMKUI,  2201. 
yyy.  Gill  rakers  10  -|-  27 ;  2  dark  half  bars  on  side  con8pic\ious  and  per- 
sistent. sEMiciNt  rus,  2202. 
XX.  Parietals  meeting;  pnimaxillaries  with  prominent  dentigerous  knobs, 
between  which  the  tip  of  lower  .jaw  fits.  Dipr.opuoA,  220U. 
w«).  Base  of  skull  nearly  straight;    supraocular  spine  present,  luite  strong; 
coronal  and  nuchal  spines  usually  present. 
z.  Second  anal  spine  much  longer  and  stronger  than  third.    A.  Ill,  6; 
pores  of  lateral  line  about  29.  auroua,  2204. 
zz.  Second  anal  spine  little  or  not  at  all  longer  than  third.    A.  Ill,  7  or  B. 
Mouth  and  gill  cavities  more  or  less  lilack.      melanostomi's,  2205. 
zzz.  Second  anal  spine  e(|ualing  third  in  length.    A.  Ill,  7.    Lining  of 
mouth  and  gill  cavity  larg  'y  black.                     inthonioeu,  2200. 
aaa.  Base  of  skull  straight  or  nearly  so;  interorbital  space  as  a  rule  concave  and  nar- 
row; the  cranial  ridges  and  spines  well  developed.    Mesethuioid  processes 
directed  upward ;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  well  developed;  skull  com- 
paratively thiiL    Gill  rakers  usually  short. 
Sebastomts  (Sebaxtes;  uiio's,  shoulder): 
a'.  Supraocular  si)ine  present;  interorbital  space  concave. 

b'.  Second  anal  spine  scarcely  longer  than  third ;  color  red,  neaHy  pHin.  Cranial 
ridges  broken  and  armed  with  accessory  spines ;  iuterorbital  sj»ace  nearly 
flat  in  adult  (ridges  smooth,  interorbital  space  concave  in  young,  as  in 
Sebastodes  romveus).  KUBKRUlMrs,  2207. 

bb'.  Second  anal  spine  much  longer,  usually  stronger,  than  third.   Cranial  ridges 
smooth. 
e'.  (/'olor  more  or  less  rosy,  with  3  to  5  round  blotches  of  pink  on  sides  of 
back. 
d'.  Dorsal  spines  iiauall.v  low,  the  highest  less  than  }  the  length  of 
heiid ;  no  small  green  spots  on  sides  of  back. 


t'; 


i  i 


KJ; 


W 


p^^^"^^ 


r«<; 


i: 


177C         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


m 


e',  liody  ovor.ywhoru  with  siiiull  round  imlo  HpotH. 

CONSTELLATt'S,  2208. 

c«'.  Ilody  without  Htcllnte  Hpotn. 

/'.  Secoiiil  iinitl  H|)ine  h)iii;op  thnii  third. 

y'.  Mundildo  Hfiilv ;  tlio  Ti  Iurp<  pinic  blotrhen  wanhrcl 
»\  itli  (iraiiut^ ;  (icncrnl  ccdor  ll;;lit  orniiKc,  oviirlaiil 
with  bhu'kiHli;  internrbitul  ttpave  riillicr  liroud. 

umuhohi,'!*,  22(iii. 
g<j'.  Mandihli<  iinl<r)d;  pnlo  IdotclioR  on  Rid<<ii  Hiirroii'idiil 
liy  piirpit*  Hliiides:  hend  with  piirpllsii  abovr. 
h'.  Siiprnurbital  rid^"  ratliur  lii^h,  willi  Mpincx. 

ROSACKUS,  2'JIO. 

hh'.  SnpraorliitalridKclowur,  thi(k(T, and  williont, 

HpincH.  AVHKsi,  2'Jll. 

Vgg',  Mundil>le  partly  scaly;   hccoimI  ;inal  vi-ry  U>\\)i. 

cranial  ridden  very  Hharp;  palo  ))l(>t('heH  on  pidcs 

Hurrouuded  hy  green  shadoH,  no  purple, 

lIHOIKMIIUUllrt,  2'.'rj. 

ggijg'.  Maudiblo  and  maxillary  scaly ;  dorsal  rather  hij^li ; 

interorbital  tlattish  with  deep  median  groovo; 

pale  blotchi's  washed  or  t'mltMl.  Kos,  i:213. 

/'.  Second  annl  H])ino  about  an  long  an  third ;  mandil>lo  naked ; 

no  8ynii)liyneal  knob.  OIMJ,  2J14. 

dd'.  Dorsal  spines  very  high,  the  iiighest  J  the  length  othead ;  bodyaliovc 

witli  many  small  round  green  spots.    Seeond  anal  s])ine  miiili 

longer  than  third;  mandible  naked.  f^iii.oRoaTicTUS,  22l.'i. 

cc' .  No  ronnd  blotches  of  pink  on  Hides  of  back.    Nuchal  s]iiii('s  jiresent. 

KUrESTHlS,  221fi. 
HiSPANicrs ('Iirn-oi'io.  Spain ;  'iavavht,  Spaniard;  Spanish  flag): 
aa'.  Supraocular  spine  witnting. 

i'.  Mandible  sc^ily;  i>eritonoum  dusky  or  black. 

j.  Lowerjaw  only  slightly  or  not  at  all  i»rojecting:  peritononm  Jot-black. 

A'.  Mouth  and  gill  chamber  Jet-black.     U.  XIII,  12,  A.  Ill,  5.    Lower 

Jaw  not  projecting.  sinensis,  2217. 

kk'.  Koof  of  month  posteriorly  dusky,   buccnl  and  branchial  cavities 

othtrwiso  white;  lower  jaw  a  little  projecting.    I).  XIII,  14  or 

1.');   A.  Ill,  7  or  8.  ZACENTUUS,  221K. 

ji'.  Lowerjaw  much])roJecting;  sides  above  with  irregular  horizontal  inter- 
rupted olive-green  bands ;  peritoneum  dusky.    D.  XIII,  I.T ;  A.  Ill,  fi. 

ELONOATUS,  2210. 

ii'.  Mandible  naked;  peritoneum  pale  or  white.    Body  usually  deep. 

v.  Scales  on  head  mostly  cycloid;  lowerjaw  projecting;  head  large,  pointed- 

m'.  Second  anal  spine  4^  in  head;  color  pink,  with  4 interrupted  cross 

bars  of  black ;  back  sometimes  dusky. 

L.T.VIS,  22211. 
mm'.  Second  anal  spine  2)  in  head,  much  stronger  than  third;  color 

pinkisli  white,  b.inded  with  deep  crimson. 

Hi'BniviNrTi's,  22J1. 

IV.  Scales  on  head  ctenoid;  lower  jaw  usually  included;  second  anal  spine 

little  enlarged. 

n'.  Nuchal  spiiaes  none.    Body  not  barred  with  black.    Interorbital 

space  widening  markedly  from  before  backward. 

ACCTOSPINA  {auetus,  self;  »pina,  si)ine) : 

o'.  Coronal  spines  usually  present ;  color  brownish,  mottled.    AUHiCUl4ATrs,  2222. 

00'.  Coronal  spines  none;  ridges  with  entire  edges. 

PTEBOPODUS  (mtpov,  wing;  ttous,  foot): 

p'.  Gill  rakers  cTtremely  short,  most  of  them  as  wide  as  high;  general  coloi 
dusky  greenish.  UAmiiELuoEU,  222!. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1777 


LLATUS,  2208. 


j)})'.  Gill  rnkorK  IiIkIiof  tlmn  wl<l*<. 

H'.  IliKln'Ht  iliirsiil  H|iiii«  iKilnlily  iniim  tlinn  \  lenijlli  of  liuiitl. 

r'.  IIoikI  iinti  ii|i|i('r  ])nrtHii<it  Hpt'cklt'il  witli  iiriint;(\  iiD^inlirnTin  or 

H|)iiioiiH  (loi-Hiil  not  very  ilopjilv  inriHctl. 

f:'.  Color  dark  lirowii,  viiricil  witliliKlit  lirowin  tlorHiil  Hpliu'H 

iiioilcratit.  ('AI'HINI'H,  2'J24. 

««'.  (,'olor  rttildiHli,  viii'lt'il  witli  yollowiHli;  <lori«al  H|t!ii<'M  ex- 

li-ciiu'ly  )iij;l'.  VKXll-l.AitiH,  '.••-"J.'i. 

rr'.  lluafl  and  iipin-r  jiartMi'Vorywliorc  H)i('cklfd  with  oraiiv'o;  front 

<if  l>a(',ky(*llo\visli ;  Hoft  tinx  lilai'k  ;  dorHalH)iineMf\ti'fnii>ly 

IiIkIi,  tlioir  nicinbrancA  doi'ply  inriHcd.        mai.iiikk,  'I'l'M. 

77'.  HighrHt  dorsal  8]iinu  littlo,  if  any.  nioro  than  \  tlio  length  of  liimd. 

/'.  Pule  lilott'lii't<  on  Hidt'H  not  forming  a  uoutinuonH  lateral  band; 

|)uri(<lal  riduoH  niodt'ralo. 

If'.  Palo  nwirkingH  hrirk  red,  dark  niarkintsH  l)iackiHh  ;  dorHal 

nionilirann  very  deeply  ini'lrtcd.  (iii.nKUTi,2227. 

mJ.  Pale  luarkinj^M  lU-Hb  color;  dark  niarkinKMolivaeeoiiR. 

CAUNATI'H,  2228. 

MUM'.  Palo  niarkingK  yellow ;  dark  iiiarkinKM  hiackiah. 

t'llUYSO.MKI.AS,  2229. 

W.  Pale  lilotcluM  on  Hides  forming  a  contiuiioiiH  lateral  band; 
body  and  Hmh  profusely  speckled  wit li  pale;  dark  niurk- 
ingH  black;  pale  niarkingH  yellow;  parietal  ridges  very 
strong.  NEIIITI.().SU8,  2230. 

SHBASTICHTHYS  {Seha$tei:  ix""?,  flsh): 
nn'.  Nuchal  sidnos  p-esent,  sometimes  eoalescent  with  parietals;  cranial  ridges 
bigb,  arrangi'd  iU!:irly  in  a  right  line  on  each  side  of  the  narrow  top  of 
head;  body  with  black  cross  bars,  some  red,  at  least  on  head. 
*j'.  Cranial   ridges  with   their  edge.s  entire;   color  olivaceous,  with  bla<'k 
cross  bands,  the  red  cbielly  eonlincd  to  the  jaws,      .seimuceps.  22lil. 
vv'.  Cranial   ridges  with    the   surface    broken,    spinous;     frontal    ridges 
elevated;  color  bright  red,  with  blacR  bands  overlaiil  by  red. 

NIUUCKiNCTUH,  2232. 


k-: 


Subgenus  EMMELAS,  Jordan  &.  Rvermann. 


Intcrorbital 


LATtJS,  2222. 


2177.  SKBANTODKS  (JLAUCl'S  (HilgendorO. 

Head  3jt  in  length ;  dei^th  2^;  eye  l)i  in  head,  11  in  snout;  iiiterorhital 
width  3;i|  ill  head.  D.  XIV,  16;  A.  Ill,  8.  Lateral  line  with  5({  pores. 
Hij^best  dorsal  spine  2;^  in  head,  thirteenth  spine  4^,  fourteenth  spine  3^; 
second  anal  spine  3.:*,  third  anal  spino  31^,  longest  soft  ray  of  dorsal  liHi- 
Crown  and  occiput  very  broad,  more  convexly  arched  tlian  in  any  other 
species  known  to  us.  Nasal  spines  low,  but  strong.  Ocular  ridge  low, 
(evident  only  above  front  of  eye;  occipital  ridges  barely  evident,  evenly 
sciiled  over;  top  of  hetul  otherwise  without  spines,  ridges,  or  furrows, 
the  even  convex  curvti  unbroken.  Vertical  distance  from  middle  of  inter- 
orbital  space  to  upper  edge  of  t>rbit  e(iualling  i  vertical  diameter  of 
iM'bit.  Anterior  margin  of  preorbital  with  2  rounded  lobes  which  do 
not  bear  spinous  points;  preopercular  spines  very  strong,  the  upper  2 
(losely  approximate,  the;  others  widely  separated,  all  the  spines  sharp 
l)oiuted,  the  uppermost  very  wide  at  base,  the  second  much  narrower, 
the  others  short  and  wide;  upper  2  spines  directed  backward,  the  3 
lower  downward  and  backward;  opercular  spines  strong,  Hat,  often  bifid 


t::  I 


'I' 


It 


1778  liullelin  77,  United  States  National  Museum, 

or  trilid;  Hpiiuis  on  ailjacoiit  iin^IrM  of  Hii)>op<>r<'li>  niid  intoroporrle  Konir- 
tiiiioH  bilid;  Ix'hiiitl  tlioHO  on  iiijir^iii  of  Htibopcnli^  »  ftnv  nIioiI  Hpinon, 
points,  (iill  rakors  v«*r,y  Ion;;  and  Hlondcr.  ll-|-2!)  in  iinnilior,  tlin  antttrioi 
1  orL'of  lowi*r  arrli  tulteroiilar,  tli»  lon>;(v«t  (liDniin.)  nioru  tiiiin  jj  dianictM 
oforltit.  Mtin(lil)l«^  vjm'.v  lioavy,  th<<  Hynipli.VHiH  not  pioilnrod,  tin'  2  Jaws 
Hnl)0(|nal.  VonuM-inf^  and  palatini  patrlies  of  fo.^tli  fxtroniidv  narrow. 
Finn  1ii;;li,  Mio  tliird  to  H*>vcnth  doiNai  HpiiifH  Hnl)«><|na];  (andal  vei  \ 
Hli^litly  <fniar>;;inato;  anal  spinos  ;;radiiat*Ml ;  pcctoralH  scnrruly  roaolii'i;; 
vertical  from  vent,  tlio  lowur  !)  Hinipltt,  tint  10  npp(>r  t'orluMJ;  vtMitral  noi 
roacliini;  vc^nt,  n  Ifngtii  ol'lnad.  Ctindal  Hcnlrd  to  ti)t  on  inenilnannH  iiml 
rayH;  Hot't  dorNal  ami  annl  wiMi  narrow  lianilN  otHralos  tollowin;;  Ww  ra\ 
to  rr  niMirly  t«>  Micir  ti))s,  tho  nienilirancs  of  tho  lirHt  II  or  4  rayH  in  oacli  fm 
wholly  Healed  on  Itiisa!  Miii'd;  HpinoiiH  dorsal  nuked;  pectorals  Niiilcd  on 
Itasal  half;  ventruls  naked;  lioad,  Mie  maxillary  and  niaiulihh^,  tint  lirnn 
ehioHt:t;;al  rayn,  the  anterior  an<l  nppor  half  of  interoperelo,  and  all  of 
preorbital  uxeept  a  minute  area  alon^;  itH  ])OBterior  nniTKin.  naked.  The 
body  is  covered  witli  small  woakly  etenoid  seales,  lar;;ely  covered  ovrr 
by  the  extraordinarily  developed  arcessttry  sealoH;  scalcH  on  breast,  bell,\, 
and  ]>repeetoral  area  Hmooth.  The  naked  skin  (utvcrin^  bonen  of  head 
is  minntely  wrinkled  or  papilloHo.  Color  in  spirits,  light  browniHh  on 
b«>dy  and  (ins,  with  darker  nhadeH  on  li|>s,  jjill  niembraneH,  opereles,  and 
top  of  head;  it  may  have  been  reddiHh  in  life;  month  and  gill  cavity 
white;  |)eritononm  .jet-black.  One  specimen  l!»  cm.  long,  from  Heri?ii; 
iHland.  The  identilication  is  made  with  Home  <Ionbt,  owing  to  la<d\  of 
any  detailed  <leHcri])lion  of  the  ty]>e,  a  dried  apocinuMi  from  Vchso,  and  to 
Home  minor  discrepancies  betweiui  the  two.  Our  Hj)ecimen  has  ">(»  (not 
4il)  tnbcH  in  the  lateral  line,  the  nasal  spine  iHHmall  bnt  not  propt^rly  to  Ix- 
called  rndimentary,  the  dorsal  notch  seems  somewhat  deeper,  and  the 
Hecond  anal  npine  somewhat  Hb<»rter.  North  Pacific;  coasts  of  Japan  and 
lleriug  Island,    {(iluiicua;  yXavHos,  hoary  blue.) 


t, 

ji 


m  ' 


Subgenus  SEBASTODES. 

2178.  SKKASTODKK  .lOlinAXI,  (iilbert. 

n.  XITI,  11  or  15;  A.  Ill,  i»  or  10.  Pores  iu  lateral  line  54  to  .58.  Max- 
illary rea<hing  vertical  from  middle  of  eye,  2.J  iu  head;  snout  3^  in  head; 
interorbital  width  \'i;  eye  large,  3S.  Body  very  slender,  the  depth  I 
in  the  length;  the  least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  J  diameter  of  eye; 
head  very  slender,  2i  in  length,  tapering  regularly  to  the  very  siiarii 
snout.  Mandible  projecting,  its  tip  entering  profile,  provith'd  with  ii 
rather  snniU  but  distinct  symphyseal  kn«d».  Interorbital  width  Hat  or 
slightly  convex,  wholly  scah'd  over,  the  orbital  ridges  obsolete  or  a  faint 
trace  only  of  the  supraorbital,  which  ia  always  without  spine;  occipitsi! 
ridges  are  low  and  sharp,  terminating  each  in  a  spinous  point.  In  addi- 
tion to  these,  the  tym]tanic  spines  are  sometimes  weakly  developed,  and 
the  nasal  spines  are  present;  head  otherwise  whollj' smooth;  preorldtal 
very  narrow  below  ey«!,  wide  anteriorly,  without  distinct  lobes,  but  with 
1  or  2  weak  spinous  points;  gill  rakers  long  and  very  slender,  29  present 


a.,  s 


Jordan  ami  Evcrmanyi. — Fishes  of  North  America.     177!l 

on  horizotitiil  limb  urontrr  iircli,  tin-  long<'Nt  m|ii)i1in)r  \  <lininet«'r  of  orbit; 
l»n'0|Min  iilar  H])iiir,s  r>,  (oinitiirativcly  Hlfiidir,  itll  ilin-rtid  Imckwartl ;  «lor- 
Hul  HpiiioH  very  Hluudrr,  tlio  t'oiirtli  tlin  longest,  or  tlie  foiiitli  luid  liftli 
tM|iiiil,  routii'iKMl  2ii  to  '1\  in  length  of  liitad;  tlornal  v«ti-,v  dcxply  notclicd, 
tilt'  twidftli  H|)iiu;  liiit  ](  art  loii^  as  tlio  loii^rcHt,  and  bandy  coiiiuMMt'd  at 
baHO  witli  Mil*  cluvciith ;  Noft  dorsal  Hrarcoiy  as  lii|;li  as  tbo  spiiiuiis;  first 
anal  spine  very  short,  (lie  Hfcoiid  very  HJi^litly  Ntroii};t>r  than  tin^  third, 
ai<d  nearly  or  tpiito  as  lonj;  iiicaHiired  from  basi>,  its  leii^tli  K.^  in  head  ;  tliu 
seeoiid  H|)inn  appears  miieli  shorter  than  tlie  tliird  when  tlio  fin  is  declined  ; 
l(ni^cHt  i.oft  ray  of  anal  2;^  in  licad;  caudal  deeply  noteluMl.  Aiiiih  anterior 
in  poHition,  midway  between  fust  anal  s)iine  and  liase  of  ventrals;  tipH  of 
ventralH  ex'tendiii^  to  or  beyond  it,  and  the  pectorals  extnidin;^  lieyond 
tips  of  vontralH.  Scales  Hiiiall,  everywhere  ctenoid,  entirely  covering;  head, 
inultidin^  maxillarioa,  mandibles,  and  snout,  except  a  trian|riilar  area  on 
to))  of  snout,  beneath  v/hich  lie  the  ])rema\illary  H))iiicH.  Color  as  in 
.S(/n(«/o(/(« //rtorfci,  dusky  (dive  al>ove,  brijjht  silvery  on  sides  of  hca«l  and 
body,  and  below;  jiiobably  witli  some  red  in  life;  tins  unmarked;  month 
iiiid  <;ill  cavities  j)Uie  white,  the  i)eiitoiieum, jet-black.  Skelettm  eompi>r- 
ativcly  flexible  as  in  deeji-water  lisheH.  I.enKth  !)  inches.  Most  nearly 
allied  to  SchtistodcH  i/oodvi,  from  wliich  it  ditVers  iii  the  much  slemleier  body, 
the  longer  aual  spines,  the  black  peritoneum,  and  the  more  nnmeroim  ^ill 
rakers.  From  S.  vutomvluH  and  oviiHh  this  species  differs  in  the  obsolescence 
of  the  cranial  ridf;ea,  iis  w(dl  as  in  other  details,  ((Jilbert. )  This  species 
stands  at  one  extreme  of  this  jfonns  as  SdiaHtodcH  iiiiiiooiiit'lns  stands  at  the 
other.  Neither  type  represents  the  primitive  stock,  and  it  may  be,  as  Dr. 
lOigenmaiin  has  Hugj«'ested,  that  SihuHlodrx  tniintinim  is  the  species  nejirest 
the  pri'::'Mve  ty|»e  ("rom  which  thu  Lorku It  are  all  descended.  (Named 
lor  Da /id  Starr  .Jordan.) 

Seba»todtgjordani,GiUttKHr.  Kept.  U.S.  Fish  Coniin.  iskj  (1890),  400,  coast  of  California  at 
Albatross  stations  agas,  3103,  and  3114,  32^^  to  37'^  N.,  in  63  to  124  fathoms. 

2170.  SEItASTODKS  (iOODKI,  Eigcnmann  &  Kigonnmnn, 


:  '  •    1 

1: 

,t     ' 

1 

f.  ■ ' 


Head  2^;  depth  3S;  eye  3?  in  he.ad,  D.XIII,  11;  A.  III.  8;  lateral  line 
">  (pores),  about  90  transverse  series  above  lateral  line.  Hody  very  slen- 
der, with  n.'irrow  constricted  caudal  jieduncle,  sharp  snout,  .ind  much  pro- 
Jocting  lower  Jaw,  the  latter  well  entering  profile  and  furnished  with 
sym|)hy8eal  knob.  Kye  moderate,  slightly  longer  than  snout;  maxillary 
reaching  slightly  iieyond  middle  of  oridt,  2^  in  head ;  least  depth  of  caudal 
peduncle  less  than  diameter  of  orbit;  preorbital  narrow,  its  least  width  * 
pupil,  with  a  minute  spintt  or  none.  Nasal  spine  ob.solete.  Top  of  head 
.snuxttli.  Interorbital  width  4^  in  head;  preorbital  region  not  prominent; 
all  but  the  parietal  ridges  scaled  over;  preopercular  spines  flat,  sharp,  all 
directed  backward,  the  second  and  third  equal,  the  others  shorter;  »)per- 
cular  and  sniirascapular  spines  well  developed.  Gill  rakers  long  and  slen- 
der, about  25  on  anterior  limb  of  arch,  the  longest  -^  length  of  orbit. 
Dorsal  spines  low  and  slender,  the  longest  about  2;!  in  head,  the  twelfth 
i  height  of  thirteenth,  the  latter  about  ^  height  of  soft  rays,  which  are 


!■:•«' 


>  ' 


»■'-  '  KS  ' 


fcfUL,  -Si 


f 


[!■ 


if' 


1780  DuUctin  47,  United  States  h\xtioual  Jlfuseiivi. 


lowni'  tlian  \\w  H))inoH.  Catulal  forked  for  \  its  length.  Aiinl  vory  hiiiuII, 
tli«t  HpiiicH  Hliort  liiit  Htruii^,  ^ra*liiiit(t«l,  tlio  Hflcotitl  Htronucr  ami  Hli);liilv 
Hliorter  tliaii  third,  its  lon^th  it  orldt.  Soft  anal  ra,vH  low,  their  ludKlit  | 
lioad;  ]ii'<-torai  not  nuicliin^  voiit,  Ijj  in  licud,  jtrolcctin^  liovond  tipH  of 
vi'iitrals.  HraloH  rnngli-ctonoid,  fonipluttdv  inv('Htin}r  liead  nnd  ImmIv, 
int'indiiiK  niuxillaiicH,  nuindil)l«>,  and  onter  iirnnchioHtepil  ruyH.  (iiH 
lakorH  10  or  11  +I2:i  to  ^o.  In  '^  yoiiuij;  HpoiiinmH  tlio  occi|)ital  HjuncH  arc 
ovidtMit,  tlio  otluM'H  conroalt'd  or  not  di>v(do]M>d.  'I'litt  yonu);  hIiow  T*  diiNky 
ItarH  downward  from  bat'k,  nndor  front,  iniddio,  and  ondof  HpinouHdornal, 
litdow  Hoft  dorsal,  and  on  candal  p*-<lun(do.  'I'lic  head  iH  contained  L'jj  tiincH 
in  tlin  ItMi^tii ;  the  depth  :t !.  The  Hccond  anal  Npine  \t^  an  lon^  an  tho  tliii <l. 
hnt  douH  not  \v\\p.\\  its  tip  when  iin  is  de<-liMod.  iJimky  oliva-uouH  iiliovc. 
Hilvery  on  sides  a'.id  below,  more  or  Ionh  Unshod  with  red;  npinons  dorsnl 
somewhat  dnsky,  vortical  (Uih  othorwisu  yellowish,  without  distinctive 
markings;  liidn^  of  month  and  i;ili  cavity  wiiito;  ]ioritonenm  white,  with 
Hinall  scattered  black  stellate  spots,  iin<l  more  or  less  clonded  with  nnniit>' 
specks.  Hones  of  skull  modoratcly  thick;  cranial  ridges  (except  ])arietals) 
and  spines  obsoleti*,  occasionally  a  minnto  ty'.ipanie  or  parietal  spine  pres- 
ent; parietal  ridfjoH  low  but  distinct,  jtariotal  bones  widcdy  separated, 
interorbital  space  nearly  Hat  (slijjhtly  convex),  broad,  very  nearly  IJ  in 
base*  of  skull;  ventral  j»rocoss  of  basisphenoid  rndimont.iry,  tnesetli- 
moid  processes  weak,  Hat,  depressed,  bjise  of  sknll  (parasidienoid)  mark- 
edly curved.  Lenjjth  IH  inches.  San  Dieyo  to  Han  Francisco.  More 
described  from  specimens  from  Albatross  Station,  29'l!t,  off  Hanta  Harbarfi 
Islands,  in  155  fathoms.  'I'h'^  species  is  now  taken  in  abundance  about  tln^ 
('oronados  Islands,  Santa  Calalina,  and  tho  Cortez  Hanks.  (Named  for 
Dr.  Ooorji;e  Urown  (Joode.) 

Sehiutoilcs  goodei,  KiOKNMANN  \  KiOEVMAN.N,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  .Sci.  1800, 12,  San  Diego.    (Coll. 

('.  n  KlKcninnnn.) 
Sehaitiehthy$  goodti,  GuAiEur,  I'roc.  IT.  S.  N«t.  Miis.  1800, 75. 


21S0.  NKBANTODKS  PAl'CIKI'IMN  (Ayre8). 

(BOCAOCIO;  MEnOlT;  .JACK.) 

Head  2ij;  depth  .SJ;  eye  4  to  fl  in  head.  I).  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  9;  VJu 
Lateral  lino  with  65  to  HO  tubes,  about  100  scales  in  longitudinal  series. 
Rody  elongate,  compressed,  prolilo  straight  from  ])rotruding  tip  of  lower 
jaw  to  Iront  of  dorsal.  Head  large,  long,  narrow,  and  pointed.  Month 
much  larger  than  in  any  other  species,  ob1iqu(s  tho  broad  maxillary  reucdi- 
ing  to  beyond  eye,  its  length  IJ  in  head;  lower  Jaw  very  strong,  with  a 
projecting  knob  at  tip,  which  protrudes  farther  than  in  any  other  sjjecies. 
Prcmaxillary  on  level  of  lower  edge  of  pupil.  Interoenlar  space  broad, 
with  2  low  ridges;  top  of  head  scaled  to  tip  of  .nout;  maxillary  and 
preorbital  scaly;  preorbital  with  narrow  neck  and  3  small  8])ine8;  subor- 
bital stay  moderate;  preopercular  spines  sharp  and  diverging,  third 
largest,  the  lower  often  divided;  opercular  spines  moderate.    Gill  raktrs 


*  Base,  of  Hknll  measured  from  tip  of  vomer  to  po.sterior  euil  of  basioccipital. 


Jordan  and  liviyniann, — Fishes  of  North  Anuriai.     17HI 


hIouiIit,  foiiiprttHHfil,  not  vur.v  loiiu.  Kyo  Iki'^o,  Hli^litly  iiiuru  tliiiii  iutt^ror- 
liitiil  vvidtli.  SniluH  very  hiiiiiII  iiikI  roiiKli,  irri>K>iliii';  at'iMNHuiy  hi'iiIkm 
low.  IMiI'huI  HpiiH'H  low,  riithcr  Hlomlor,  llii  (Im^ply  eimuniiiiifts  loiij^unt 
rpiiio  >  It'ii^tli  ol'  lii'jiil, -Ht'iiKuls  lii^lit'i'  Miitii  Nol't  iiiyN;  <miuIuI  ciiiar^inato; 
.'iiiiil  low,  itHHpiiiuH  Hinall,  Hhor(.  ^iriuliiiitt^il,  tlio  Metoiid  Mliortrr  tliiiii  i\vo; 
|icctoi'iil.s  iiiiirow,  I'u.luT  Ion;;,  not  iii>iirl\  rearhin^  viMit,  tlio  haHu  '\  <iiuni«- 
li'i-  oloyr;  vcntrals  Hhortor,  itit  rracliiii^  tips  of  |M'ctoralN.  I'ali*  «lnll 
(irauj;«  umI,  dark  Wrown  aliovt-,  tlm  Miil»!HN('in«i\vliat  va^nrly  Hjiotloil ;  vonny 
ip|iva('»)()HH;  liuM  nearly  plain,  lowor  rtMldiMli;  npptr  dnsky;  tip  oC  lower 
i:i\v  tiark.  HonuH  of  nUiiII  tlilck;  rrnnial  ri«l;;i>.s  (f\<>«'pt  pariftaJH)  and 
Hpiiu'sall  o1)s()l«it<-;  HHiall  HpiiH'M  nNiiallv  )irt'Hnit  in  tint  vonn^.  occasionally 
in  adiiltH;  pariotal  ridgt-H  low  but  diHtinct;  parietal  bones  UHually  widely 
separated;  intcrorhital  Hpace  convex,  broad,  very  nearly  :{  in  baHc  of  Mkiill 
III  adult;  incHcthnioid  procesHCH  wcik,  Hat.  deprewHed  ;  ventral  process  «d' 
liusisplienidd  rndiinentary,  base  <d'  sknll  (parasplu'noid )  nnirkedly  cnrved. 
Length  :(()  iinhus.  Han  l>ie^o  to  Han  rraueiHcu;  altnndant  iu  rulhur  deep 
water.     (/mHci,  few;  NjMNrf,  spine.) 

.S'battiH  iKitiriHiiiiiit.  Aviikh,  rroc.  <'a1.  Ao.  Sel.,  I,  18r)4,«.  San  Francisco;  riMtAUn,  t'.  S. 

I'ac.  K.  It.  Snivey,  X,  I'inlios.B:!,  1858;  (in.r.,  I'me.  A«.  Nat.  Sli.  I'liUtt.  1801,  lOu;   AvilKS, 

I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.Sci.  1802,215;  <irNTMKH,<'iit,,  n,  1)8. 
,s,l)aiitodeii  paucinpiniifJoUUAS  iV  (JiLUliUX,  .Syiioi).si8,  050, 188:i. 


,  t 


Subgenus  SEDASTOSOMUS,  Uill. 

2181.  SEB.iSTODES  I'ii.iVIUI  S  (Ayres). 

(Yellow-tail  Kockkish.) 

lleadM;  dei>tli  3;  pectoral  I.  1).  XIII,  1;5;  A.  Ill,  9;  scales  abont  tlO. 
Ilody  oldony,  compressed,  back  not  much  elevated.  Head  rather  lon^, 
pointed;  nninth  lar^e, oblique,  tbu  nmxillary  extending  to  nearly  oppe  ^te 
linsterior  inar$;in  of  eye,  12  in  hea<l;  prenuixillaries  iu  front  ou  level  of 
liiwer  uiarv;iu  of  pupil.  Lower  jaw  strouj^ly  projecting,  its  synipliyse.il 
kiiol»  very  promioeut,  but  le.ss  so  thau  iu  SchaHlotUx  pamispiuia,  I'reor- 
Itital  uarruw,  without  spines.  Top  of  head  evenly  scale*),  nasal  spiiuiH 
enly  present  and  very  MUiall.  Only  the  parietal  ridges  visible  under 
scales.  I'reoperenlar  spines  rather  strong,  all  of  them  directed  strongly 
backward;  opercular  spines  moderate;  su])rascapular  spines  snuili,  the 
upper  obsolete.  Hcalea  medium ;  accessory  scab's  varialde.  Dorsal  spines 
low,  slender,  longest  3  in  head;  soft  rays  rather  high,  fin  very  deeply 
ciiiarginate,  membrane  joining  thirteeuth  spine  at  about  i  its  height; 
caudal  tin  notched;  anal  spines  low,  regularly  graduated,  third  spine  less 
tiian  \  the  height  of  soft  rays,  second  as  long  as  eye ;  pectoral  tins  shortish, 
rather  broad,  reaching  tip  of  ventrals,  but  not  ijuite  to  vent.  Olive  greeu, 
riither  pale,  plain  or  finely  spotted  with  yellowish;  fins  olive,  caudal 
strongly  tinged  with  yellow;  young  mottled;  peritoneum  white.  Bones 
of  skull  rather  thick,  cranial  spines  all  absent,  parietal  ridges  low.  weak, 
curved,  the  outer  ridges  absent ;  parietal  bones  meeting ;  interorbital  space 
widOj  3  iu  base  of  skull;  uearly  evculy  convex ;  mesethmoid  proceases  (luite 


\  i 


i 


i\&:i 


r 


nmm 


.*'^' 


(,  ■ 


1782         Dulktin  47,  United  Siafcs  National  A/uscinn, 


strong,  Hoinowhat  compressed,  not  oloviited;  ventral  proc^'Hs  of  bnsispli*'- 
iioid  riKliiiM'iitary,  baHo  of  skull  stronjjiy  <'urved.  Length  24  iiicheH.  San 
iJifgo  to  .San  Franciaco,  abnudant;  an  important  food-li«u.  (JlurUlua; 
flcpiia,  yellow.) 

mebaMtuden jlavidim,  Ayrbs,  I'ror.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1862,  200,  li^.O^,  San  Francisco  (Coll.  W.  (). 
Ayreti);  Jokdan  &.  Uiliiekt,  SyuupsiH,  U57, 1883. 


I 
if 


Iff'- 


p. 
m 


I 'I 

lih'i 


U  ■'i'\ 


2182.  SKIIANTODKS  SKKltANOIDES,  Eiijonmnim  &  Elf;enmann. 

Head  3;  depth  3jt  to  3h ;  eye  U  in  head.  D.  XIII,  15  or  16;  A.  Ill,  9;  lat- 
eral lino  (50  (pon-H).  Klonf>atf,  slender,  the  dorsal  profile  but  litth'  more 
arched  than  ventral;  head  coinprusseil,  anterior  profile  almost  straight; 
snout  long,  pointed;  lower  jaw  projecting,  its  tii»  entering  proiile.  I\y<' 
large,  li(  in  snout,  l|r  in  strongly  convex  interorbital.  ( 'ranial  ridges  nearly 
obsolete,  none  of  them  ending  in  spines;  nasal  spines  minute,  not  evident 
externally  Parietal  bones  meeting  above,  Preorbital  without  spines: 
preoperc^ular  spines  long,  slender,  the  lower  ones  as  well  developed  as  tlio 
middle  ones  in  largest  sjteeimend ;  opercular  spines  as  in  Scbtialodca  Jixridim. 
Gill  rakers  long  and  slender,  as  in  Sebaslodca  Jlaridiia.  Scales  large,  those 
of  head  greatly  reduced;  snout,  mandibles,  and  even  the  lips  closely  scaled 
in  the  old;  palatine  patches  of  teeth  peculiar,  a  constriction  near  their 
middle,  the  anterior  angle  turned  inwanl.  Dorsal  fin  low,  the  highest 
spine  about  3  in  head,  notch  betwe«'n  the  2  fins  «leep;  caudal  notched ; 
anal  spines  slender,  graduated;  pectorals  not  reaching  tips  of  ventrals, 
not  nearly  to  vent.  Gray  of  varying  shades,  the  back  always  dsirker;  a 
series  of  large  white  blotches  along  sides  of  back  much  more  marked  in 
some  examples  than  in  others;  fins  all  more  or  less  strongly  tinged  witli 
yellow  and  edged  with  dusky.  Length  about  20  inches.  Cortez  Banks 
oti"  San  Diego.    (Eigenniann.)     {Serranus;  siHoz,  resemblance.) 

Sebaiticthyg  jianidiu,  Eiuenmann  &  Eiuenmann  (not  ot  Aykes),  West  American  Scientist 

1889, 128. 
Sebastodes  serranoides,   Eioenmann  &  Eiqexmann,  l»roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  18U0,  36,  Cortez 

Banks.    (Cull.  C.  U.  Eigenm.^.nu.) 

nns.  8EBASTODE8  MELANOPS  (Girard). 

Head  3;  depth  2f.  D.  XIII,  16;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  60  to  70,  53  pores; 
peotoral  4^.  Head  long,  in  form  intermediate  between  S.  mystiiuts  and 
S.  flavidus.  Maxillary  not  (juite  reaching  posterior  margin  of  orbit,  its 
length  a  littl*^  less  than  i  head;  lower  jaw  protruding,  its  tip  on  a  line 
with  descending  protile.  Eye  large.  Cranial  ridges  all  sealed  over  and 
without  spiui's  in  the  adult;  space  forward  of  eye  rot  projecting;  pn^- 
opercular  spines  short,  but  sharp.  Gill  rakers  longer  than  in  S.  mystinus, 
very  slender.  Dorsal  rather  low,  deeply  emarginate,  highest  spines  2^  in 
head,  a  little  lower  than  soft  rays;  caudal  slightly  emarginate;  anal 
?  spines  small,  the  second  shorter  ])ut  stouter  than  third,  longer  than  eye : 
pectorals  short  and  rather  broad,  not  reaching  as  far  ad  tips  of  ventrals, 
which  scarcely  reach  vent.  Scales  moderate;  accessory  scales  numerous; 
mandible,  maxillary,  preorbital,  and  snout  closely  scaled.    Olive  brown, 


Jordan  and  Ever fuaiui. — Fishes  of  North  America.     17°3 


(lark  above,  aideH  paler;  upper  i)art  of  sides  thickly  nmrked  with  simill 
Hhity-black  bh)tcheH;  head  blackish  above;  a  dark  streak  on  maxillary 
mid  one  from  eye  airoas  cheek;  fins  dusky,  dorsal  paler  at  base,  with 
many  dark  oliva-brown  spots;  a  black  ocMilar  spot;  lower  ra>8  of  pecto- 
rals often  tin;;ed  with  orange;  peritoneum  white.  Hones  of  skull  thick, 
irai^ial  ridj^es  (except  parictals)  and  spines  obsolete;  parietal  ridges 
moderate,  sometimes  ending  in  a  small  spifie;  snuiU  supra- or  postocular 
spine  sometimes  present;  parietal  bones  touching  or  overla])ping  in  middle 
tliird  of  their  length ;  iuterorbital  space  broad,  convex,  nearly  3  in  base  of 
skull  in  adult,  mesethmoid  procesaos  not  elevated;  ventral  process  of  busi- 
splionoid  rudimentary;  base  of  skull  (paraspheuoid)  markedly  curved. 
I^ength  20  inches.  Monterey  to  Kadiak,  most  abundant  northward;  very 
abundant  at  Sitka,  where  it  is  called  "  Hlack  Hass.''  At  San  Francisco 
much  less  common  than  S.  mjtstinus;  about  Humboldt  Hay  much  more  com- 
mon, being  the  most  abundant  food-lish.     {/neXas,  black;  Mtp,  face.) 

Si-lmstet  melanojig,*  CiRARD,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila.,  vni,  1854,  135,  and  in  V.  S.  "^ac. 

U.  K.  Surv.,  X,  Fialios, 81, 1858,  Astoria  and  Cape  Flattery;  Ayues,  Tiuc. C'al.  Ac. Sci. 

1862,213,  flj;.66j  (ICnt'IEH,  CJat.,  U,98. 
Sibaxtosoiiiitii  giiinilann,*  Gn-h,  I'roe,  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  1804,  147,  Cape  Flattery. 
/iebagtodeti  melanops,  Cuameu,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  series  2,  v,  18l>5,  592,  pi.  58,  tig.  4. 

Subgenus  PRIMOSPINA,  Eij^enmann  ^'v:  lieesou. 
2184.  SKBAKTODKS  ('IMATIJ8  (Tilesiiw). 

Head  3J ;  depth  3  to  3i.  1).  XIII,  16 ;  A.  Ill,  8 ;  P.  18  or  19 ;  transverse  (ob- 
iiipie)  rows  of  scales  46  or  47  (-|-3  cr4  on  cau«lal) ;  pores  in  lateral  line  16  or 
47.  IJody  compressed,  deep.  Its  width  over  the  base  of  the  pectorals  about  2 
in  the  depth ;  dorsal  outline  descending  rapidly  backward  in  a  slight  curve 
from  origin  of  first  dorsal  to  end  of  second  dorsal;  depth  of  peduncle 
more  than  3  in  depth  of  body;  h.ad  compressed,  profile  steep  and  nearly 
straight;  eye  moderate,  orbit  circular,  its  diameter  a  little  Iongt>r  than 
suout,  3;q  in  head,  its  posterior  rim  at  about  the  middle  of  length  of  head. 
Iuterorbital  space  strongly  convex,  its  depth  a  little  less  than  orbit,  3!f  to  4 
in  head.  Nasal  spines  small ;  cranial  ridges  and  spines  all  .obsolete,  except 
the  parietal;  parietal  ridge  very  slightly  developed,  with  a  minute  point 
or  none,  covered  with  scales.  Mouth  moderate,  quite  obliciue;  tip  of 
upper  jaw  on  a  levtd  with  center  of  eye;  maxillaiy  2^  in  head,  its  pos- 
terior end  reaching  about  to  vertical  from  posterior  edge  of  pupil;  lower 
jiiw  a  little  projecting,  with  a  slight  symphyseal  knob.  Very  narrow 
liauds  of  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Preorbital  moderate,  its 
lower  edge  scarcely  at  all  indented  or  entirely  continuous,  spineless ;  sub- 
orbital stay  scarcely  visible;  preocular  spines  small,  the  3  upper  directed 
backward  and  slightly  diverging,  nearly  equidistant  and  of  e(][ual  size, 
the  2  lower  minute  or  obsolescent;  opercular  spines  small,  without  visible 


*  Ileferring  to  Dr.  Girard's  description  of  this  specios.  Dr.  Gill  remarks: 
'  It  is  also  proper  to  remark  that  2  species  are  apparently  confounded  by  Girard  under 
tlio  naiiio  Sf'baitfs  melanopn,  1  with  'a  small  spine  upon  the  suprascapular  bone,  2 
otiiors  upon  the  edge  of  the  operohj,'  and  another  from  Cape  Flattery,  with  the  lower 
Dpercular  spine  as  well  as  the  supraorbital  ridges  obsolete,  and  the  forehead  between  the 
eyoa  perfectly  arched.    The  latter  may  be  named  ISebastosoinus  gimuians  (Gill)." 


\  i 


. .  ^  -■-.W'i'i'-is'ti  .i-ri.'.*,; 


II  I."    I.,  VP- 


hr; 


i 

e 


i!.i 


.» iaKi  j|H|| 


1784         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museiun. 


ridges.  Gill  rakers  8l«-nder,  2  iu  orbit,  23  or  24  on  anterior  limb  of  lirat 
Jirclj.  Dorsal  (iu  rathor  low,  the  spines  delicate,  the  iKth  longest,  2i  to  '1\ 
in  head,  the  set-ond  about  equal  to  the  eleventh,  the  twelfth  about  li  in 
the  thirteenth,  the  metnbrano  rathor  deeply  incised  anteriorly  and  reach 
ing  about  halfway  up  the  thirteenth  spine;  soft  rays  about  e<tualing  the 
spines;  caudal  fiu  slightly  Innate,  its  length  about  l.V  in  head;  second  and 
third  anal  spines  about  equal  in  length,  the  former  a  little  the  stronger,  l.l 
in  the  soft  rays;  pectorals  reaching  very  nearly  to  vent,  a  little  less  than 
head,  3A  in  body,  their  1>?»80  nearly  3  in  their  length,  the  median  rays  long- 
est; ventrals  not  reaching  vent,  about  1^^  in  pectorals.  Scales  on  body, 
opercles,  and  interorbital  space  strongly  ctenoid,  those  on  mandibles,  max- 
illaries,  and  most  of  those  on  cheeks  cycloid;  ])reorbital  and  snout  with 
minute  scales;  accessory  scales  few.  Color  in  alcohol,  dark  reddish 
brown,  mottled  with  lighter;  top  of  head  nearly  black;  a  dark  stripe  on 
edge  of  lower  jaw,  another  on  maxillary;  a  dark-brown  band  from  ])ro- 
orbital  downward  and  backward  to  posterior  edge  of  preopercle ;  a  broader 
band  from  posterior  rim  of  orbit  backward  and  downward  across  pre- 
opercle and  opercle ;  tins  all  dusky,  the  dorsals  somewhat  mottled ;  peri- 
toneum black.  Coast  of  Alaska,  rare;  not  recently  noticed  except  about 
Kadiak.  The  above  description  is  taken  from  3  s})ocimen8,  5^^  to  .'i'f  inches 
long,  from  Kadiak,  in  the  possession  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company. 
No  others  have  been  obtained  since  the  time  of  Pallas  and  Tilesius.  {viliu- 
tua;  cUiiim,  eyelid,  with  the  lashes.) 

EpinepheluM  «7ia<H»/  Tilesius,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Potersb.,  iv,  1810,474,  "Camtschaticus 

et  Americanus; "  no  speciflc  locality  given,  probably  from  about  Kadiak. 
I'erea  vanabilitt,  Pallas,  Zoojjr.  Rosao-Asiat..  in,  241, 1811,  Aleutian  Islands.    (Typo  in 

luuseiini  of  Berlin;  red  specimeua  of  SebnitodeH  aleutiauKS  iucludud  as  the  Huiuiuer 

coloration  of  "variabilis.') 
Sebastcn  vnriabilis,  Cuvikk  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  iv,  347 j  GUntheb,  (^at., 

II,  99. 
Sebastodeg  ciliattit,  Jokdan  &.  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  658,  1883  j  Cr.vmer,  Proo.  Gal.  Ac.  Sci . 

1805, 592. 

2185.  SEBASTOOES  MYSTINUS,  Jordan  &  Gilbert. 

(PfiCHE  PRfiTREj  Priest  Fish;  Black  Rockfish.) 

Head  3J ;  depth  2f ;  pectorals  3J  in  head.  1).  XIII,  15 ;  A.  Ill,  9 ;  scales  (Jti, 
50  to 55  pores.  Body  oval-oblong,  compressed,  both  outlines  evenly  curved. 
Head  rather  blunt,  compressed;  profile  oblique,  almost  straight,  becomiuj; 
c<mvex  with  age.  Mouth  smaller  than  in  any  of  the  preceding  species, 
oblique,  lower  jaw  protruding;  preraaxillaries  on  level  of  lower  rim  of 
orbit;  maxillaries  dilated  behind,  reaching  posterior  margin  of  pupil, 
thickly  scaled  behind,  their  length  2\  iu  head.  The  region  between  and 
in  front  of  eyes  bulging  considerably;  preopercle  with  rather  strong 
spines,  the  2  at  the  angle  longest ;  opercular  spines  rather  strong.  Si^inous 
dorsal  very  low,  the  longest  spines  2^  in  head,  lower  than  soft  ray.s,  tin 
rather  deeply  emarginate;  second  anal  spine  stronger  than  third,  and  ii 
little  shorter,  3^  in  head;  pectoral  fins  long,  about  as  long  as  head,  their 


"  D.  XIII,  14 ;  A.  Ill,  y ;  scales  43 ;  no  description  of  color. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1785 


iiiiddlo  rayH  longest,  rciicliiiij;  beyond  vontrala  to  about  tenth  dorsal  spine; 
(iiiulal  eniarjjiiiato.  liont-s  of  Hkiill  thick;  Hpines  all  absent,  except  pre- 
(iciilar,  which  is  Hunietinics  present,  ritlges  obsolete  except  the  parietal, 
which  are  low  and  weak,  somewhat  curved,  the  parietals  meeting  or 
slightly  separated;  iuturorbital  space  broad,  evenly  convex,  2|  in  base 
of  skiill ;  mesethmoid  processes  small,  somewhat  compressed,  not  elevated ; 
sontral  prctccss  of  basisphonoid  rudimentary;  base  of  skull  very  strongly 
curved.  Slaty  black,  becoming  paler  below  the  lateral  line;  sides  more 
or  loss  mottled;  tips  of  lower  jaw  black;  top  of  head  with  3  indistinct 
cross  bars,  extending  on  the  cheeks;  a  dark  bar  on  anterior  edge  of  oper- 
clo;  fins  all  dusky;  peritoneum  black.  Length  11  inches.  I'uget  Sound 
to  San  Diego;  the  most  abundant  specios  of  the  i'amily  abotit  San  Fran- 
cisco; found  in  rather  shallow  water.  {i.iv6xr}<i,  a  priest,  from  the  dark 
color.) 

S'basliehty/i  myitinui,  Jordan  &.  Gn^BERT,  Proc.TJ.  S.Nat.Mus.  1880,  455,  and  1881,  56,  70 

San  Francisco.     (Typo,  No.  2696.'i.    Coll.  Jordan  &  Gilbert.) 
sehastodes  mij8tinu8,:ionDKV  &  Gilbert,  Syuopsi.s,  059, 1883. 

Subgenus  ACUTOMENTUM,  Eigenmann  &  Beeson. 


2186.  SEBASTODES  EMOMKLAS  (Jonlan  &  Gilbert). 

Head  3J ;  depth  3]^ ;  pectoral  3|  in  head.  D.  XIIT,  15 ;  A.  Ill,  8 ;  scales  65. 
liody  oblong-elongate,  back  little  arched.  Caudal  peduncle  slender.  Pro- 
lilo  less  ate(!p  than  in  S.  oralis,  snout  blunter.  Month  small,  short  maxillary 
extending  to  below  middle  of  eye,  its  letigth  2^  in  he.-id;  lower  Jaw  pro- 
truding, its  tip  entering  the  profile ;  preorbital  very  nai-row,  without  spine. 
Eye  large,  loss  than  interorbital  space,  4  in  head.  Cranial  ridges  mostly 
covered  by  the  scales ;  preopercular  spines  small,  directed  backward ;  oper- 
cular spines  small;  jaws,  preorbital,  and  snout  with  small  scales.  Gill 
riikers  numerous,  long  and  slender,  their  length  about  f  diameter  of  eye. 
Dorsal  spines  very  low  and  slender,  longest  about  3  in  head,  tin  moderately 
cniiirginate;  soft  dorsal  long  and  low,  not  much  higher  than  spines;  cau- 
(l.il  Innate;  anal  low,  its  second  spine  stronger  than  third,  but  not  so  high, 
3j  in  hei<.d;  pectorals  moderate,  reaching  beyond  ventrals,  not  to  vent. 
Hones  of  skull  rather  thick,  ridges  all  absent  except  the  parietals,  which 
arc  low  and  weak;  preocular,  supraocular,  postoeular,  tympanic,  and 
parietal  spines  usually  present,  weak;  parietal  bones  scarcely  meeting; 
interorbital  space  broad,  3  in  baso  of  skull,  convex;  ventral  process  of 
liasisphcnoid  weakly  developed  in  young  (rudimentary  in  adults; ;  meseth- 
moid processes  somewhat  compressed,  not  elevated;  base  of  skull  very 
strongly  carved.  Dull  olive  green ;  sides  with  obscure,  round,  rusty  spots ; 
billy,  lips,  and  lower  parts  tinged  with  creamy ;  obscure  light  and  dark 
shades  across  cheeks;  2  or  3  obscure  dark  vertical  bars;  fins  all  dusky, 
somewhat  reddish  tinged;  lower  half  of  pectoral  reddish ;  peritoneum  jet- 
black.  Length  12  inches.  Coast  of  California,  Point  Concepcion  to  Mon- 
terey Bay,  in  deep  water;  rare,  {ivroi,  within;  jneXa?,  black.) 
3030 35 


I' 


■■• ,;  ^  t, 


mw^- 


w 


W' 


m 


m 

m 


Vv 


u 


m- 


,,i  'lii 


mi 


u 

11  ii-- 


1780  DuUctin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Sebantiehthj/t  enfumdas,  .lonDAN  \  GiMiKUT,  Troc.  I^  S.  Xiit.  Mim.  1880,  142,  Monterey, 

California.    (Typo,  No. 27044.    Coll.Jonlnn  \  (iilliert.) 
HehaMode*  mtiimclas,  SuMUW  A-  (Jii.iiKUT,  SynopsiB,  059,  1883;  Cramer,  Troo.  Cal.  At. 

Sol.,  BericH  2,  V,  1805,  20U,  pi.  58,  U^.  T). 

2187.  KKRASTOnKS  RIJFI'S,  EiKoiiniann  &  Eiconinnnn. 

Head  3;  depth  3A.  D.  XIII,  14*;  A.  IIT,  HA;  5fi  pores  iu  lateral  lin. . 
Body  coinprcHsed,  elongate;  prolilo  straight,  less  steep  than  in  St'hn»tudvn 
oi-dlh,  snout  broader.  Eye  moderate,  orbit  slif^htly  longer  than  snout,  3.^ 
to  4  iu  head.  Maxillary  rearhiujj;  to  middle  or  little  beyond  mitldle  of  eye; 
mandible  with  a  prominent  symphyseal  knob.  Interorbital  8li;.fhtly  (ion- 
vox,  as  Avide  as  orbit  in  smaller  specimen,  wider  in  the  larger;  i)reoculiir, 
supraocular,  postocular,  tympanie,  and  parietal  spines  present;  the  pari- 
et.al  ridges  higher,  narrower,  more  diverging  and  more  conspicuous  than 
in  S.  oralis;  preoeular  rs  fully  developed  as  in  S.  oralia;  preorbital  veiv 
narrow,  about  4  in  orbit,  with  2  small  backward-directed  spines;  preoi>er- 
cnlar  spines  long  and  slender,  all  of  them  longer  and  stnuigerthan  S.  oralis, 
the  lower  2  very  long,  the  second  reaching  beyond  l»ase  of  third,  not  nearly 
reaching  base  of  third  in  S.  oralis.  Head  entirely  covered  with  moderate 
sized  seales,  those  of  body  larger.  Outlines  of  spinous  dorsal  little  arched, 
highest  spine  slightly  more  than  3  in  head,  the  highest  ray  about  e<|ual 
to  highest  spine;  caudal  emarginate;  anal  si)ines  graduated,  second  equal 
to  highest  dorsal  spine.  Rufous,  variously  marked  with  brown;  lateral 
line  rufous;  upper  angle  of  opercle,  a  line  from  eye  downward  and  back- 
ward to  upper  half  of  pectoral,  another  parallel  to  it  from  upper  angle  of 
maxillary  backward,  and  tips  of  jaws  dark  brown;  these  markings  con- 
spicuous; head  otherwise  rufous;  axil  black;  margin  of  spinous  dorsal 
and  greater  part  of  membranes  of  soft  dorsal  black ;  base  of  dorsal  rufous, 
spotted  Avith  darker;  caudal  dusky;  membranes  of  the  remaining  lii-.s 
chielly  black,  the  rays  rufous;  peritoneum  jet-black.  Length  alxuit  22 
inches.  San  Diego;  Cortez  Banks;  not  seen  by  us.  (Eigenmann  «&.  Eigen- 
mann.)    {nij'iis,  red.) 

Sebattode*  rtifus,  Eioenmann  &.  Eioenmann,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Hc\.  1890,  13,  Point  Loma; 
Cortez  Banks.    (Coll.  C.  H.  Eigenmann.) 

2188.  SEBASTODES  MACDOXALDI  (Eigenmann  &  Bcemu). 

Head  3  in  total  length;  depth  3f.  D.XIII,  13^;  A.in,7L  Elongate; 
head  pointed;  eye  small,  orbit  Ij  in  snout,  4f  in  head,  IJ-  in  interorbital ; 
lower  jaw  projecting;  maxillary  reaching  to  below  posterior  margin  of 
eye,  2  in  head.  Interorbital  slightly  convex,  without  ridges ;  cranial  ridges 
low,  obscure,  all  terminating  in  short  spines;  preoeular,  supraocular, 
postocular,  tympanic  and  parietal  spines  present;  preorbital  if  diameter 
of  orbit,  with  3  retrorse  spines  below,  the  posterior  smallest;  a  retrorsii 
spine  just  below  orbit;  opercular  spines  simple  and  strong.  Mandiblf. 
maxillaries,  suborbitals,  and  entire  snout  scaled;  scales  of  head  sm.ili, 
ctenoid,  those  of  body  larger.  Spinous  dorsal  regularly  arche<l,  fouitli 
and  fifth  spines  highest,  3  in  head,  highest  ray  3*  in  head;  anal  spines 
gi'aduated;  the  second  considerably  stronger  but  shorter  than  third;  tiie 


m 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1787 


latter  5j^  iu  Lead,  longest  ruy  3  in  hoad;  pectorals  leaching  somewhat 
Itoyoml  vuiitralH.  Top  of  brad  and  back  cliielly  Idack,  lateiul  line  ver- 
milion, 11  Itlackish  l»and  jnst  hclow  lateral  lino,  nnicb  wider  forward, 
oxtendin^r  on  sides  below  tiiu  lifth  dorsal  Hpine;  a  lai'ijo  opcrenlar  spot,  a 
liroad  l»iind  downward  and  liackward  from  eye,  a  narrow  one  auroHS 
cheek  below  eye,  lii>s  and  tip  of  lower  Jaw  chielly  lda<'k,  rest  of  head  and 
^idcH  ehielly  vermilion;  anal  and  ventrals  vermilion,  pectorals  and  caudal 
lilackish,  dorsal  nearly  Idack,  axils  dusky,  reritoneiim,  Idack.  Length 
L'l  incheH.  San  J)iej;o;  not  seen  l»y  us.  (Kigeumann  &  Kigeumauu.) 
(^Nauied  for  Hon.  Marshall  McDonald.) 

Sihatlodex proriger,  Eigenmann  &.  EKiBNMANN  (iKit  of  Johdan  &  OiLUKKT),  Troe.  Cal.  Ac. 

Sci.  189U,  15,  San  Diego. 
Acutoinentuvi,  macdonaldi,  UiUENMASN  &  liEKSUN,  Aiuor.  Nuturiiliat  1803,  (iti9,  San  Diego. 

(CoU.Elgonniuun.) 


Point  Loma; 


2180.  SEBA8T0DES  BREVl^PIMS  (IScan). 

Head  2J;  deitth  3L  D.  XIII,  11;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  Hli  or  87,  51  tubes. 
i')i)dy  elongate,  compressed,  its  greatest  width  ^  length  of  head;  caudal 
peduncle  short,  its  least  depth  ^  of  its  length  from  end  of  soft  dorsal  to 
base  of  middle  caudal  rays;  head  similar  in  shape  to  that  of  S.prorh/er. 
Cranial  ridges  almost  obsolete,  except  on  the  occiput,  where  the  spines 
are  long  and  depressed,  nearly  as  long  as  the  eye;  preocular  and  supra- 
ocular spines  present;  no  tympanic  sidnes.  Mouth  large,  the  broadly 
cxpandeil  maxillary  reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the  eye;  length  of  the 
ujiperjaw  (intermaxilla  and  maxilla)  almost  \  length  of  head;  lower  jaw 
iiiMch  projecting,  its  length  equaling  that  of  eye  and  postorbital  jiart  of 
head;  upper  half  of  the  maxilhi  covered  with  very  fine  scales;  the  man- 
dible also  has  fine  scales  along  its  middle  and  i^osterior  portions;  numdible 
with  a  well-developed  knob  at  the  symphysis;  eye  J  as  long  as  snout, 
lather  more  than  1  length  of  head,  and  about  equal  to  width  of  the 
nearly  Hat  interorbital  space;  width  of  i»reorbital  less  than  k  lengtli  of 
eye;  preop«'rcular  spines  short  and  sharp,  second  longest,  about  ^  as  long 
lis  the  cy«',  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  very  small;  the  points  of  the  fourth 
and  lifth  directed  obliquely  downward  and  backward.  Gill  rakcjs  mod- 
erately long  and  slender,  11  -\-23,  the  longest  at  the  angle  k  as  lo.ig  as  the 
snout  or  J  as  long  as  the  eye.  Spinous  dorsal  low,  tin-  first  spine  g  as  long 
as  the  second,  and  rather  more  than  |  as  long  as  eye;  the  fourth  to  the 
sixth  spines  longest,  rather  more  than  if  length  of  head.  Membriiue  of 
soft  dorsal  and  to  some  extent  that  of  the  spinous  dorsal  scaly ;  longest 
solt  ray  of  dorsal  rather  shorter  than  the  longest  spine;  the  last  soft  ray 
ii8  long  as  the  first  spine;  first  anal  spine  very  short,  }■  as  long  as  the  sec- 
ond, or  i  as  long  as  the  eye;  the  second  spine  shorter  and  stouter  than 
tiie  third,  equal  to  the  snout  in  length;  the  third  spine  nearly  1|  times  as 
long  as  the  eye;  longest  soft  ray  exceeding  length  of  longest  dorsal  s]dno 
and  nearly  equal  to  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head;  i)ectoral8  shaped 
very  much  as  in  S.prorinei;  the  lower  4  or  5  rays  slightly  exserted  at  the 
ends,  the  middle  rays  longest,  slightly  longer  than  the  head  witliout  the 
l)ostorbital  part;  veutrals  not  extending  as  far  back  as  the  pectorals, 


wmr 


^m 


II 


1788  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Mmcum. 


their  distuncu  fVoin  the  vont  oqniil  to  \  their  own  len^^th,  whicli  is  \  JctiRtli 
of  hejul.  reritoiH'Uin  Hilvery  white.  In  Hpirits  tlio  buck  ia  pule  rnst,\ 
brown;  the  si«leH  below  the  lutt-riil  line  jmler;  belly  whitish;  traci-s  ol 
diirk  color  on  the  membrane  of  the  sitinons  (lorsul;  Moft  dorsal,  poctoialN, 
vontrals,  and  anal  pale;  s(»me  traces  of  browniisb  on  the  candal  nicni 
branes.  In  S. iiroriiicr  the  second  anal  spine  is  distinctly  lon^^or  than  tin 
third;  he  ]ieritoneuni  is  black;  a  tyni])anic  H|)ine  is  present;  the  ;rill 
rakers  40  in  nnmber  and  many  of  them  ulub-sbapcd  at  the  end,  the  lon^'cst 
rather  nion;  than  i  the  length  of  the  eye;  the  fourth  and  llfth  prcopercu 
lar  Hjines  are  directed  horizontally  backward,  and  the  scales  are  iu  l'< 
rows.  These  com|)ari8ons  are  drawn  from  the  typt'  of  S. proritjcr.  Leujjth 
tlA  inches.  Coast  of  southeastern  Alaska  (Kean);  not  seen  by  ns;  known 
«>nly  from  the  type  taken  in  Hassler  Harbor.     (t/rii»,  short;  sjx'nNrt,  spine.) 


.1; 
■  k, 

If' 
IfS- 


Mi  si 


If: 


s* 


SebanHchthi/s  prorijivr  v«r.  brvvitpwis,  Hean,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nnt.  Mufl.  188;i,  ;i59,  Hassler  Har 
bor,  southeastern  Alaska.     (Typo.  N'»- 112004.    Coll.  Cai>t.  lloiir.v  K.  Nichols.) 

SehaHoden ])rori<ier,,loni)\li  &  Gn.HEitT, SyiiopsiH,*  050,18811;  AlnHkaii  M]K'ciiiieiiH. 

SehattichthiiH  hiei'isjnnis,  JoiiDAN,  Cat.  l-'ishes  N.  Auicr.,  107,  1885;  Ukan,  I'ruc.  U.  S.Nal. 
Mu8. 1804,  027. 

2100.  SEBASTODES  0Y4LIS  (Ayres). 

(ViiTVA;  Widow-fish.) 

Head  3 ;  depth  2|.  D.  XIII,  14 ;  A.  Ill,  8 ;  pectoral  3i  ;  height  of  dorsiil  8 : 
lateral  line  about  70.  Body  deep,  almost  oval,  back  considerably  elevated, 
])rofile  steep,  lower  ,jaw  considerably  protruding;  mouth  not  large,  max 
illary  reaching  to  posterior  edge  of  pupil,  its  length  about  2|  in  head; 
preopercular  spines  long  and  slender,  all  projecting  backward;  opercular 
spines  strong ;  preorbital  narrow,  with  2  bluntish  spines.  Gill  rakers  very 
long  and  slender,  longest  J  diameter  of  eye.  Eye  large,  slightly  longer 
than  snout.  Dorsal  flu  very  low,  notch  between  sjiinous  and  soft  parts 
very  shallow,  height  of  2  parts  about  e(|ual  (2i  in  head),  the  membrane 
joining  l'..dt  s]>ine  at  about  i  its  height;  second  anal  Bi)ine  longer  and 
stronger  than  third,  almost  as  high  as  soft  rays,  2^  in  head ;  pectorals 
long,  reaching  ))eyond  tips  of  ventrals;  caudal  emarginate;  maxilLiry 
and  mandible  scaly;  bones  of  skull  rather  thick,  {ireocular  spines  strong, 
supraocular,  postocular,  tympani«-,  and  parietal  spines  present,  small,  and 
weak,  ridges  nearly  obsoh^te,  except  parietal,  which  is  low  and  weak ; 
parietal  1)ones  meeting;  interorbital  space  3^  iu  base  of  skull,  slightly 
<5onvex;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  rather  weak  in  yoiing  (rudimen- 
tary in  adults) ;  mesethmoid  processes  compressed,  rather  weak,  not  ele- 
vated; base  of  skull  very  much  curved.  Olivaceous,  strongly  tinged  witli 
creamy  red,  especially  below;  membrane  of  both  dorsals  covered  with 
many  small,  round,  black  spots;  similar  spots  usually  on  body;  upper  fins 
greenish,  lower  yellowish,  mostly  dark-edged;  caudal  lin  dark;  youni; 
more  green,  with  2  or  3  large  black  blotches  on  uit{)er  part  of  sides,  and 


*  The  statement  iu  Jordan  &  Gilbert's  Synopsis,  p.  950,  that  Sehattodes  proriger  has  bt'cii 
confounded  by  Tilesius  and  PalJas-with  Sebantode*  ciliatun  is  erroneous.  The  spuciiiiciiH 
called  by  them  dliatug  and  variabilis  include  ciliatut  and  aUutianus,  The  true  proriger  in 
not  yet  known  from  Alaska. 


7  ii 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1789 

without  tliirk  8|)utH  oil  liiiH;  puritouuiim  Itliiok.  Lun^th  l-l  iuclius.  Coast 
of  Cnlirorniii,  Sun  Diejjo  to  San  t^iiiH'iHco,  raro;  in  rtithur  <l«>op  water. 
(oval is,  oval.) 

>i>batiodes  nvalin,  AvitES,  T'roc.  Cnl.  Ac.  Sci.  lriA2,  200  tii  212.  ftn-  Or>.  San  Francisco;  JonnAV 
it  Un.HRRT,  Synopsis,  (160,  IHfl'J;  CUAMEK,  I'roc.  ("al.  Ac.  Scl.,  Hirita  2,  v,  181>.'),  .'>94,  pi.  :>», 
llg.O. 

s,ba$Ufhlhy»  ovalit,  .loHDAN  &.  (in.nBRT,  Prmi.  l'.  8.  Nat.  Mus.  1880, 14;t;  Kkien.mann  A 
KinEN.MA.NN,  WoHt  xViiioricaii  ScittntiHt  IHHO.  128. 

2101.  NEItASTODKS  ElflF.XMAXM,  Crninor. 

1  lead 2, '„; depth 2f;.  D.  VIII,ll;  A.III.S;  P.lH'i|;poi«>8inliitorallino41(+ 
L' on  busflof  camliil);  triinHvcrsu  rows  of  Hcalea  41.  liody  coniprcaHcd,  its 
witlth  (behind  oporcleH)  about  2^  i.i  its  depth;  greatest  width  of  bead  2;{  in 
itH  length;  prolilu  steop;  interorbital  spacu  Hat,  .51  in  lieud;  supraocular 
:ind  parietal  ridges  ([uite  well  developed,  the  formt^r  flat,  the  latter  diverg- 
ing backward;  preocular,  supraocular,  postocular,  tympanic  and  parietal 
hjuneH  preHent,  not  very  large,  but  sharp ;  a  curved  shallow  groove  at  each 
side  of  interorbital  space  in-side  of  the  supraocuhir  ridges.  Orbit  large, 
nearly  circular,  3J,-  in  hoiul,  its  upj)»'r  rim  on  a  level  with  the  profile. 
Snout  short,  about  equal  to  interorbital  width;  preorbital  moderate,  with 
L'  small,  sharp  spines  directed  downward  and  backward;  maxillary  2> 
in  head,  reaching  a  little  beyond  vertical  from  po.sterior  edge  of  pupil; 
mandible  projecting  somewhat,  with  a  moderate  symphysoal  knob.  The 
ii|ipernu>st  preopercular  spine  small,  directed  a  little  upward,  the  second 
longest,  hori/.ontal,  the  fourth  and  fifth  small,  but  evident;  upper  oper- 
cular spine  slender  and  sharp,  the  lower  shorter,  (iill  rakers  long  and 
Nlonder,  about  2^  in  the  orbit,  23  on  horizontal  limb  of  first  arch.  Kcales 
rough,  ctenoid,  those  on  o))erclo8,  cheeks,  and  interorbital  ajiace  and  snout 
somewhat  rough ;  those  on  maxillary,  mandible,  and  breast  mostly  cycloid ; 
very  few  accessory  scales.  Spines  of  dorsal  moderate,  the  fourth  longest, 
L'[  in  head,  the  fifth,  oi\th,  and  seventh  nearly  equal,  the  twelfth  2^  in  the 
fourth,  the  membrane  deeply  incised ;  longest  dorsal  ray  about  e(|ual  to 
longest  spine;  anal  s])ine8  graduated,  the  second  nearly  as  long  as  and  but 
little  stronger  than  third,  2'i  in  head,  1^  in  the  soft  rays;  caudal  truncate, 
or  a  little  rounded;  bjise  of  pectorals  4  in  head,  the  9  lower  rays  8im])1e, 
tlie  middle  rays  longest,  reaching  a  little  beyond  vent,  3.{  in  length  of 
body;  ventrals  reachinfj  vent.  Color  in  alcohol,  reddish  brown;  pale 
bolow;  dorsal  and  pectorals  dusky;  membranes  of  spinous  dorsal  black- 
edged,  and  tips  of  ventr.als  blackish;  peritoneum  white,  with  a  few  black 
specks.  This  species  is  nearest  to  Schas  odes  oralis,  hnt  the  mouth  is 
linger  and  the  color  diflt'erent.  One  specimen,  7  inches  long,  taken  at 
Monterey,  California.  (Named  for  Dr.  Carl  IT.  Eigenmaun,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Indiana,  in  recognition  of  his  work  on  the  genus  Schaatodes.) 

Schastodes  eigenmanni,  CnAMEii.  in  .Iokdan,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1896,  2:»9,  pi.  42,  Monterey 
California.    (Coll.  Dr.  W.  W.  Tholmru.    Typo,  No.  4048,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Una.) 

2192.  SRBAKTODES  IIOPKIXSl,  Cramer. 

TIead  3;  depth  3?.  D.  XIII,  14;  A.  Ill,  7.  Transverse  rows  of  scales 
(halfway  between  lateral  line  and  back)  about  .")2;  pores  about  51.  Hody 
compressed,  not  very  deep ;  profile  steep ;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  a  little 


w 


i 


Im 


i: 


1790         Dulktin  47,  United  States  National  Mnsenm. 


leHH  tliaii  orbit.     Ilcail  c()ni])i'eaHe«l ;  oyfl  lurtje,  (»rl»it  \\\  I11  lu'iul;   inter 
orliitiil  space  ovoiily  convctx,  \\  in  head;  cranial  ridjjcs  nearly  oliHolctc; 
parietal  rid^fes  very  low  but  bn)a(l,  brown;  nasal  Hjtiiies  Hiiiall,  lar  ajiarf ; 
prcociilar  rather  strong,  triangular;  auprnucular  and  pOHtocular  U8uiill\ 
present,  very  niiniite;  tympanic  and  parietal  spines  HonietinieH  present 
Mouth  iu()«lerate,  oblitpie;   nuixillary  very  little  more  than  3  in  lieail 
nearly  rcaehiujir  vertical  from  center  of  pupil,  its  posterior  end  very  wide. 
2  in  orbit;   lower  Jaw  niiicli   projecting,  with  a  ]>roniinent,   forward! \ 
directed,  symphyseal  knob,   which  enters  the  profile;    narrow  bands  of 
teeth  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  preorbital  rather  narrow,  its  lower 
margin  lobate,  with  sometimes  a  small  spino;  preopercnlar  s])ines  Hat, 
sharp,  nearly  eipiidiHtant,  all   directed  backward,  the  second  longest, 
fourth  and  fifth  minute;  opercular  npiuoB  Hat,  shar]),  somewhat  diverging, 
the  u|)per  considerably  larger;  spines  on  shoulder  weak ;  gill  rakers  l.'!i 
on  anterior  limb,  long,  slender,  very  little  more  than  2  in  orbit.     Dorsiil 
H]>ines  sh-nder,  low,  the  fourth  longest,  2K  in  head,  the  twelfth  \  as  hui;; 
ns  longest;  soft  rays  equal  longest  spines;  only  a  slight  notch  between 
the  2  dorsals;  caudal  lunate,  1^  in  head;  second  anal  spine  stronger  and 
considerably  longer  than  third,  longer  than  soft  rays,  longer  than  longest 
dorsal  spine,  very  little  more  than  2  in  head;  pectorals  reaching  beyond 
ventrals,  but  not  to  vent,  a  litth'  less  than  head,  3J  in  length  of  body, 
their  base  narrow,  equal  to  orbit,  the  lower  rays  not  thickened.     Scales 
rather  small,  everywhere  strongly  ctenoid;  accessory  scales  not  very 
numerous;  preorbital,  snout,  maxillaries,  mandible,  and  branchiosteg.nl 
rays  scaled;  all  the  fin  rays  more  or  less  scaly.     Bones  of  skull  thin, 
cranial  ridges  nearly  obsolete,  parietal  bones  meeting;  interorbital  space 
somewhat  convex,  3iV  in  base  of  skull;  a  slight  dei)re88ion  on  each  side  ol' 
a  sharp  narrow  median  ridge,  and  another  just  within  each  supraocular 
ridge;    ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  rudimentary;   mesethmoid  ])r()- 
cesses  compressed,  not  elevated;   base  of  skull  very  strongly  curved. 
Color  much  as  in  St;l)(isfodtH  oralis;  dark  olivaceous,  tinged  with  reddish, 
especially  below;  a  large  irregular  dark  blotch  under  soft  dorsal,  crossing 
lateral  line;  a  smaller  one  on  lateral  line  below  posterior  part  of  spinous 
dorsal ;  top  of  head  and  anterior  part  of  back  to  about  ninth  dorsal  spine 
nearly  uniformly  dark  to  below  lateral  line;  2  indetinite  dark  bands  from 
behind  orbit  across  ])reoperclo  and  opercle;  lips  black;  dorsal  fin  oliva- 
ceous; spinous  dorsal  dark-edged ;  soft  dorsal  darker  at  base;  caudal  and 
pectorals  olivaceous;  axils  dark;  ventrals  yellowish;  analpaie;  no  sm.ill 
round  black  spots  anywhere;  peritoneum  black.    Length  of  type  spec! 
men  7i  inches.    Monterey  Bay,  California;  not  rare;  formerly  confounded 
with  the  young  of  S.  oralis;  more  common  than  the  latter.     (Named  for 
Mr.  Timothy  Hopkins,  founder  of  the  Hopkins  Seaside  Laboratory.) 

Sebaatodct  hopkinti,  Csamer,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  594,  Monterey  Bay,  California 
(Type,  No.  2286,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mas.  Coll.  Jordan  &  Gilbert) ;  Jordan,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac 
Sci.  1896, 237,  pi.  41. 

2103.  8GBAST0DE8  ALFTUS  (Gilbert). 

Head  2|  to  2J;  depth  3  to  3^;  eye  3 J  in  head.     D.  XHI,  15;  A.  Ill,  8;  1'. 
17;  scales  60.    Mouth  large^  maxillary  reaching  back  of  pupil,  2i  to  2^  in 


Jordan  and  livcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1791 


IioikI;  |)r»tna\illiiri«-H  iiotcho*!,  tlio  HyiiiphyHoul  piitcb  of  teeth,  htiwovor, 
Hliiittin^  odtHido  (h«;iii.  Tuutli  uii  Jiiwh,  vomer,  and  paliitineN  in  very  nar- 
row 1>jiiu1h  oxiept  ut  Hympliysis  an«l  on  vomer;  a  conNpirnouH  ilcpruHHioii 
(III  uticli  Hide  of  NympbysiH  tu  iceuivo  the  antorior  premu\illary  patcb. 
Kyo  very  lar^e,  tho  diameter  oxcoedini;  Niioiit.  Interorbital  space  vury 
wide,  (lat  nr  Hlijjlitly  convex,  conspieuously  jjrooved,  its  width  lij  «ye. 
Sttft  tins  wholly  uii velopetl  in  lino  sealus.  Cranial  ritlges  all  low,  thu  spines 
HJunder;  ooronul  and  nin-hal  spines  alonu  nbaenf.  Mandibiu  projuftinj; 
iiincbl)uyon<l  the  upper  prolileof  bead,  the  sympbysoal  kiudt  very  strongly 
developed  in  the  adult,  not  noticeably  so  in  ytmii^.  Gill  rakers  loti^r 
and  nuiiierotiH,  \  as  lon^  aa  oyo.  Second  and  tliird  anal  spinoa  about 
equal.  Cranial  ridges  all  very  low,  ineonspicuoiis  and  with  a  small 
H|dnoornone;  nasal  and  preoeiiiar  evident;  Hupraoeuiar,  postocular,  and 
tympanic  present  but  hid(^>n  by  scales,  more  conspicuous  in  the  very 
young;  parietal  ridge>  ivident,  ending  in  low  spines;  preorbital  narrow, 
its  least  width  \  eye,  its  anterior  edge  with  2  long  mucous  slits,  and  in 
Bomo  cases  a  single  backwardly  directed  spine;  opercular  and  humoral 
spines  well  developed;  preopercubir  spines  flat,  not  very  large,  the  upper 
2  approximate*!,  the  lower  2  broadly  triangular,  tipped  with  short  spines, 
directed  downwartl  and  backward;  «lurdul  spines  curved,  the  longest  2.^ 
to  2\  in  bea«l,  the  twelfth  about  f  the  longest;  soft  dorsal  about  as  high 
as  the  longest  spines;  anal  spines  strong,  the  second  slightly  shorter  than 
the  third,  which  eipials  or  slightly  exceeds  diameter  of  eye.  In  the 
young  the  second  anal  spine  constantly  etjuals  or  exceeds  the  third,  but 
ffrows  relatively  shorter  with  age;  soft  anal  rays  higher  than  soft  dorsal, 
2^  in  head;  cau«lal  well  notched,  vontrals  long,  reaching  vent;  pectorals 
longer,  reaching  nearly  to  front  of  anal.  Gill  rakers  long,  clavate,  \ 
diameter  of  orbit,  25  on  anterior  limb  of  arch.  Scales  rough,  ctenoid, 
with  many  accessory  minute  ones,  which  are  especially  abundant  on  head 
and  nape;  head  wholly  scaled,  including  the  interopercle,  maxillary  and 
mandible,  and  the  outer  brancbiostegal  rays;  anterior  surface  of  pectorals 
and  outer  caudal  rays  c^losely  invested  with  minute  ctenoid  scales  which 
extend  well  toward  tips,  also  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  tins.  Color  bright 
carmine  red,  lighter  on  belly ;  dorsal  dusky,  edged  with  black ;  an  elongate 
olive  brown  blotch  along  base  of  soft  dorsal;  a  shorter  one  under  the  last 
spines,  f<nd  a  faint  one  under  the  middle  of  spinous  dorsal,  the  latter 
extending  farther  down  on  sides ;  a  dark  blotch  on  back  of  caudal  pedun- 
cle ;  belly  silvery,  washed  with  I'cd  ;  a  dark  blotch  on  opercle,  1  on 
axil,  cross  bar  on  occiput,  1  on  snout  and  2  dusky  bars  on  cheek; 
lower  lip  and  tip  of  mandible  blackish;  mouth  and  gill  cavity  dusky; 
fins  all  rod,  the  spinous  dorsal  broadly  margined  with  blackish ;  perito- 
neum jet-black  in  tho  young,  varying  from  black  to  gray  in  adults;  length 
12  to  18  inches.  Pacific  coast  from  Bering  Sea  to  Santa  Barbara;  com- 
mon northward  in  deep  water.  This  species  was  described  from  a  single 
immature  example,  dredged  by  the  Alhafross  south  of  Santa  Cruz  Island, 
southern  California.  No  additional  material  was  obtained  during  the 
extensive  dredging  operations  of  the  J Ihatroas  on  the  California  coast. 
The  species  is,  however,  very  abundant  in  the  north  Pacific,  both  north 
and  south  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.    It  was  taken  at  varioua  dredging 


I 


r 


£-.i:  7A='-'_Vi-'- 


1702  1)  idle  tin  ./7,  United  States  Nationat  Must  urn. 


Wi 


m: 


Httitiuiis,  iiortli  of  (Itialiiskii  IhIhimI.  in  tli«)  vicinity  of  Unimiili  I'iihh,  in 
HriHtol  lluy,  iiiid  Hoiitli  of  Mm  AliiHl<aii  I'cniiiHiiln,  in  (luptliN  of  :ts  to  I'.'k 
futlioniH.  A  HinirJH  in*liviilnttl  watt  alno  tiilxcn  witli  hool<  unil  lino  in  I'na 
hiHku  llui  i)or.  At  one  of  tlio  aWovi'  HtationH  IM  Hp«>riuii<n8  wrro  taken  wltii 
the  buani  iiuwl.  Thi.-t  atltlitiunal  material  hIiowh  that  i^.  ululna  in  ono  oi 
tlio  l»ri^lit-ro(l  rocktiHli,  inoHt  cloHi-ly  nllitvl,  prrhapH,  to  .s'.  nitHJa/it*.  From 
tliu  iattor  it  dilVorH  conHpirnonNly  in  tlio  ){r«-atly  produced  nuindilMilar 
HyniphyHiH,  with  tlio  very  ]ironoun<'ud  HynipliyHeal  knoh,  uh  well  hh  in  otluT 
rcHpuctH.  It  1h  nlliod  hIho  to  S.  jtrorhitr,  bnt  <litIVrH  anion;;  otiiei'  pointH  in 
having  both  postornliir  and  tyiupanit;  npini-ii  di^vt'loped.  Uh  rulationH  to 
*S'.  btrrUpiniH,  Hoan,  am  uIho  clo8«^  (Oilbcrt.)  (<iAt»t»rt)j,  nnwaHhun,  from 
tho  Hpecklod  coloratiou.) 

Scbailifhflii/t  alutim,  <;n.iiEi(T,  I'ror.  IT.  R.  Nat.  Mas.  1800,  70,  Santa  Barbara  Ulandi, 
(Typo,  No.  48244.    Coll.  Albalromi.) 

2101.  MRBAKTODKM   PKORKiKR  (Jordan  &  Oillx^rt). 

Head  3;  depth  3j^.  I).  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  V.  3^  iu  length;  Hcales  To. 
liody  elongate,  Honi«'what  conipreHsud,  a  little  le^H  slender  than  in  Sihos- 
todvB  cloiKiatuH,  which  thin  Hpeeiea  niiieh  reHonibles  in  color  and  form. 
Head  rather  Hniall;  month  Hniall,  much  an  in  >s'.  oraliit,  tho  nhort,  broiid 
maxillary  extending  to  beyond  the  middle  of  the  eye,  tho  premaxillary  on 
tho  level  of  1ow«t  margin  of  ]in]til;  maxillary  '2^  in  head;  lower  jaw 
strongly  projecting,  with  u  conspicnouH  symphyHoal  knob.  Eyo  very 
large,  longer  than  Hnont;  pntorbital  narrow.  Cranial  ridges  very  low  and 
weak;  prooeular,  Hnpraocnlar,  tympanic,  and  occipital  prcHcut;  most  of 
the  ridgeH  partly  covered  by  scaloH;  tympanic  Hpine  minnte;  ocei|)ital 
ridge  not  conHpicnons,  tho  spine  depressed;  preopercular  spines  sharp, 
the  second  longest,  thtt  points  of  all  dire(;tod  backward;  opercnhir  spines 
moderat«\  Interorbital  space  broad,  nearly  as  broad  as  the  eye,  somewhat 
regnlarly  convex,  the  middle  being  elevated.  (Jill  rakers  very  long,  slen- 
der and  nnmerons,  the  longest  longer  than  snpraocnlar  ridge,  and  about 
i  the  diameter  of  eye.  Scoles  rather  small.  Dorsal  lln  very  low,  as  in  A'. 
oral'iH,  not  deeply  emarginate,  the  highest  spine  little  more  than  i  length 
of  head;  soft  dorsal  low,  ^  as  high  as  long,  the  highest  ray  about  equal  to 
the  longest  spine;  caudal  tin  moderately  forked ;  anal  tin  low,  its  length 
nearly  equal  to  the  height  of  its  longest  ray;  socond  sjune  much  longer 
and  stronger  than  third,  scarcely  shorter  than  longest  ray,  2i  in  head; 
pectorals  rather  long  and  narrow,  the  tips  reaching  beyond  tips  of  ven- 
trals  to  vent.  Hright  light  red,  mottled  above  with  dusky  olive  green, 
the  ground  color  forming  distinct  blotches  under  third  dorsal  spine  and 
under  first  and  last  rays  of  soft  dorsal ;  lateral  line  running  in  the  middle 
of  a  very  distinct  continuous  red  stripe,  precisely  as  in  S.  elonf/alufi;  head 
above  with  ])urplish  cross  shades ;  opc^rclo  with  a  dusky  blotch ;  2  olive 
shades  radiating  from  the  eye;  lips  and  tip  of  lower  ,jaw  blackish;  iris 
red;  caudal  lin bright  red,  speckled  with  dark  olive ;  spinous  dorsal  bright 
red,  the  posterior  part  of  each  membrane  blackish ;  soft  dorsal  olive  and 
red;  lower  fins  bright  light  rod,  with  shades  of  olive  yellow;  peritoneum 


a.-.. 


I  i 

I'  K 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     MSSW 


lilauk.     L<'nv;tli  10  iiiclirH.     CoiiNt  of  ('uliloriiiii,  froiii  iSati  I)i»){o  t(»  San 
I'raiK'iHro,  in  (Ifcp  wut»r;  not  ran-,     {pioni,  pmw;  ijrro,  I  bonr.) 

sehailiehthyii  prorigfi;  .Iohhan  a  4iII.iu:i(T,  I'rot'.  U.  S.  Nut.  Miih.  IMU,  3'J7,   Monterey. 

(Tyiic,  No. 'J7lnr>.    ('oll.Joriluii  a  (iillxrl.) 
M7;1x^><iM  t>ronijtr,  Juiida.n  \  (Sii.HKitr,  .SyuoimU,  (lAI,  IHtU. 


Submenu*  ROSICOLA,  •Tonlnii  A  P.vornmnn. 
219ri.  NKIUKTOUI'iK  IMWKlKIt  (lilll). 


(FMOMA;   DKANiiR  KotKriHII.) 

Head  2ii;  depth 2?;  pectoral  3A.  |).  XIII,  11;  A.  Ill,  7;  H('al«>H  IK.  Hody 
Hither  robuHt,  olovatud,  ami  (■(nnpn'NHod;  mouth  lar^o,  olilirino,  maxillary 
ruarhiii);  to  helow  poaturior  margin  of  lar^o  oy«>,  its  Ivugth  k  head;  man- 
tlihlf  somt!what  projortiiig,  with  a  knol>  ut  tip ;  tbi^  niiddlo  tuoth  on  u  raiHttd 
basu  whicii  titH  into  tlio  cniarKinatiou  of  nppcr  Jaw;  intonirbital  Hpnce 
iiH  wid«MiH  uyo,  which  i«  I  in  head;  Hpact>  botworn  parietal  ridg(>H concave; 
lioth  JawH,  prcorbital,  maxillary,  mandible,  and  Huoiit  H<-aly,  Hcalra  on 
lowor  Jaw  Hniooth;  prcorliital  rather  narrow,  with  2  HpinoH;  pr4'0]ior(ii- 
lar  HpincH  long  and  Hharp.  Dornai  lln  deeply  enuirginatc,  itn  spiuoH  ratlior 
liigh,  nearly  as  bigh  as  Hoft  rays,  longost  2.)  in  bead;  caudal  lin  lunat«s 
jitfctoral  lin  long,  reaching  to  tips  of  long  viMitrals,  past  'teni;  liaHoof 
pectoral  narrow^  altont  an  broad  as  eye;  secontl  anal  spine  strong,  nearly 
as  long  as  thii'^l,  W  in  bead.  (Jill  rakers  very  long  and  slender,  nearly  I 
iliameter  of  eye;  accessory  scales  numerous,  especially  on  head.  Mones 
of  skull  thick;  parietal  ritlgus  quite  strong,  ending  in  a  spine;  pr-ooular, 
Hiipraocular,  postocnlar,  and  tympiinic  sjiines  present,  thin,  sliar]),  and 
KJcnder,  their  ridges  weak;  parietal  bones  well  separated,  int  orbital 
Hpace  convex  (ccmcavo  on  each  side  of  center),  broad,  ',\\  in  base  ot  skull 
ill  adult;  mesethmoid  itrocosses  not  elevated,  vi'iitral  process  of  basis- 
phenoid  rudimentary;  base  of  skull  markedly  curved.  (Jround  color 
light  olive  gray,  jtrofusely  blotched  with  bright  <'lear  orange  red  or  with 
light  orange  yellow,  the  ntd  shades  predominating  above,  the  pale  below; 
lielly  nearly  white;  top  of  head  with  cross  blotches  and  nuirblings  of 
orange,  alternating  with  pale;  sides  of  the  head  llcsb  colored,  with  3 
I iright  orange  bands  radiating  from  eye;  maxillary  with  orange  touches; 
lips  pale,  tinged  with  blackish;  inside  of  mouth  pale;  dorsal  lin  with 
membrane  bright  orange,  a  largo  black  blotch  occupying  membranes  be- 
tween seventh  and  tenth  dorsal  spines;  this  spot  is  usually  distinct,  but 
in  old  examples  sometimes  obsolete;  pectorals  light  red,  mottled  with 
yellowish;  other  tins  all  ^-'jht  orange,  without  dusky  tips,  slightly  mot- 
tled with  paler  at  base ;  lateral  line  running  in  a  distinct  continuous  light- 
Kiay  streak,  which  is  not  crosst^d  by  the  red  markings ;  old  specimens  some- 
times with  largo  inky  blotches  on  ditl'ereut  parts  of  the  body;  peritoneum 
pale.  Length  25  inches.  Pacific  coast  of  the  United  States,  from  San 
Diego  to  Paget  Sound;  one  of  the  most  abundant  species;  constantly 
found  in  the  markets,    (pinniycr,  large  iinued. ) 


TfT'TWr- 


1704 


nulh'tiu  ^7,  ['nihil  Statt's  National  Must  inn. 


I  I  i 


■ 


r 

I    i  j 


4 


;i 


m 


% 


SfhiiitmlfM  rimacKiK.  Avkbh,  I'roc.  (.'ul.  Ac.  Hrl.,  II,  11)02,  218,  IIk-  "2;  imt  Srhatltn  rutareiit 

lilllAltl). 

Si'hanlitiioitivii  fiinniii^r,  Ull.l,,  I'roc.  Ar.  N'lit.  Scl.  riillii.  IWU,  M7,  San  Francisco. 

iSihanti-hlhin  iiiiiniiii-r,A>>UttAf<  \  lllI.llKlir,  I'roi'.  I  .S.  Nut.  Miih.  IMHO,  72. 

SrImHimli'i  iituniiji't,  ,liilitiAN  A    <  111.111:11 1,  HviioiihIm,  (1*12,   |HH:I|    KiuKNMANV  \    KlOKNMAN.N 

I  .oc.  Ciil.  Ac.  Scl.  IHUO,  It);  (;HA.MIClt,  I'l'oc.  C»l.  Ac.  8«!l.,  acficH  2,  V.  IMUS,  noO,  |i|.  I^ti, 

tig.  7. 

SliMI.  SKII.iNTOIIRH  MIN'IATrH(.ronliin\  (iillinrt). 

(KaHCIKHA;    ItANIIKIi.) 

Il(m<l2'|;  *l<>|)tli:<;  ])(«ct<)ralH  DL  l>.  XIII.ll;  .\.III,  7;  HtahmlT.  Iluily 
oWloii^,  tli««  lonii  niiifli  iih  in  SrlniHliidrx  itiuniiiir;  liitml  iiioditnitu.  hoiim'w  li.ii 
|KMiit«t«l;  moiitli  riitluM'  liir^e,  tlitmiuvillary  itMicliiiiK  ]iaHt  |)ii|iil,ilH  Icii^tli 
2  ill  httiid;  |in;iiiii\illai',v  on  liut'l  ol'  li>\v<>r  utl^4t  of  pupil;  Iowit  Jaw  pt-o 
Jcetiii);  (ioiiit^wliat  liuyoiitl  iippor,  witli  a  iiiotltMiito  Hynipiiy.sral  l<iioli; 
iiiitliilo  ol'  iowur  jiiw  4^lovati-<l,  llttiiiK  into  an  «)iiiar;;iuati<»ii  of  tlio  upper. 
II»U(1  iMoro  (!oiiiplotuly  Nt'iily  tliiin  in  rttlatotl  Hpct-ir.s,  Mm  hciiIvh  roiif^bui, 
th«)  Hcalivs  tni  th«)  pri-oibital  and  lu'.-id  ({t'liiMaily  bfinv;  fully  i't«)noid;  inaii- 
dibli^  B<-al(>(l  oven  to  (lie  ;tyinpliys(Ml  i<iiul>,  ItH  Ht^aifH  alwayH  roiiKbly 
<-toiioid;  inter«)p«tri'l«)  fully  scaltMl;  nioHtof  tint  ItrancbioHteualH  witb  Ht^ricH 
of  houIuh;  niaxillary,  prooibital,  and  tijMtf  Hiioiit  fully  Hcaitid;  pruorbitnl 
witli  n  narrow  neck;  intt^rorbital  Hparo  very  broad,  witb  u  Hli^lit  depn'H- 
Hion  on  ttacb  Hide  of  a  tnudian  rid^u;  proopoicnlar  apiiiuH  ratliur  lon^  und 
Hhurp,  tlie  Ht'conil  tlie  lon^^urtt,  tbo  HpincH  railiatin^.  (iill  '.i;kurH.  iih  in 
^'.  itinnitjcr,  vory  loti);  antl  Hleiidor,  tlio  lon^cHt  abont  jj  diainutfi-  of  the 
oye.  DorHal  tin  low,  ratliur  dutiply  eniar]u;inato,  altoiit  an  in  S.pinninn;  but 
ratbcr  liighur,  tbo  Hoft  ruyH  hi<;lii'r  tbaii  tliu  Hpinen;  caudal  fin  Hliglitiy 
«;niai'ginat»;  anal  tin  rather  lii(;h,  thu  Httconil  Hpinu  al>ont  an  long  iih  third 
and stoiitt^r,  littlo  moro  than  k  tlio  height  of  Hoft  rayH,  abttiit  :t  iu  head; 
pectoral  fin  moderate,  the  tip  roacbing  aliotit  to  vent,  the  biiHo  rather  nar- 
row; ventralH  very  long,  iiHiially  r«ia<dting  joiHt  vent,  alinoHt  to  the  begin- 
ning of  the  anal.  iionoH  of  hUuII  thick;  parietal  ridgeH  low  but  broad, 
ending  in  npint'H;  preocular,  Hnpraociilar,  ])OHtociilar,  and  tympanic  Mpines 
preHtMit,  sharp,  broad  at  base,  their  ridgcH  weak ;  parietal  boneH  widely  Hep.i- 
ratctl;  interorldtal  space  convex  (nearly  Hat),  broad,  '.i  in  Itase  of  skull ;  ven- 
tral process  of  biLsisphenoitl  partly  developed;  ineHethmoid  processes  well 
developed,  cimipressed,  not  elevated ;  ba.se  of  skull  (parasphenoitl)  strongly 
curved.  Color  above,  deep  vermilion,  mottled  W'tb  flesh  color  on  sides, 
belly  light  rod;  back  and  sitles  everywhere  with  clusters  of  black  dot.**, 
so  that  th«^  whole  Itoily  has  a  dusky  shut'e;  top  of  head  and  back  wit )i 
vaguely  defined  cross  blotches  made  of  dark  points;  3  ol)souro  orango 
stripes  radiating  from  the  eye ;  maxillary  with  a  red  streak ;  lipg  red,  niot- 
tled  with  blackish;  under  side  of  head  light  red,  mottled  with  darker; 
inside  of  month  red;  fins  all  bright  vermilion;  spinous  dorsal  spotted 
with  olive  gray  below,  the  membrane  posteriorly  edged  with  blackish ; 
soft  dorsal  spotted  below  with  blackish,  a  vertical  dark-olive  streak  on 
each  membrane;  other  fins  tipped  with  blackish,  the  membranes  more  or 
less  dotted;  no  black  blotch  on  the  spinous  dorsal.    Length  24  inches. 


lt*»  rutaceiit 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Amtrica.      170.» 

CoiiNt  lit'  Ciilirornin,  Sun  I'riiiiciNco  tn  Snn  l>io);o;  cntiiiiiun  in  tlio  tnuikotH; 
llir  hri'rlit  It'll  I'oluratiun  ilitlorrnt  iVuni  tliut  iil'  nil  otluT  H|i«u-ii!H.  (uiiNiufiM, 
vorniilion.) 

Siba'tiilillinii  iiiinialin,  .Fhkiian   >v   Oimikut.  Pnic.  If.  S.  Nut.  ^(llM.  IHMO,  70,  Monterey, 

K.'iill.liirilaii  .V  liillirrt.) 
Sehastnitit  miniiiliin.  .liim>\s  \  (iiMiKiiT,  S.vniitialt,  IKKI,  lri8:ii  (Juamiu,  Proc.  C'«I.  Ac  Hrl., 

nitIum  'i.  V.  iHur,,  ouri,  pi.  m.  iik.  m. 

Subgenui  ZALOPYR,  Jitnliiii  Ar  RvortiiHiiii. 

8107.  MI:IIAHT4MIK:N  AI.KI'TIAM'S,  .IokIuh  a  Kviniiiiiin,  iii«w  Hfwcloi. 

Ilonil  1>!;  (li'ptli  :\.  I>.  XIII,  i:(;  A.  Ill,  K;  HnileM  :.r>.  (.ill  riik'TH  If  L>0. 
i'.yo  t  in  Im'iuI;  niaxillnr.v  1.'/,, ;  Nnont  I;  Intnrurhital  H|iac»  I ;  iiortmul  1{; 
vontrul  1,;;  third  ilorsiil  N|iinit!<1;  Hol't  <lorHal  rayH  2|\ ;  himoiiiI  uniil  Hpine 
:t'j ;  Hoft  anul  rivyH  2;  nindal  li",,;  l<)n;;i'Ht  giU  r  ker  i  uyc.  Ilody  rutin-r 
ilfop,  t\w  hiu'k  tit'cliod,  tlio  iint<>rii)i'  protllo  HtitV  iinil  nnirly  Htnii^ht;  tup 
of  huad  limad  iind  liatti.sh.  Interorhitul  Hparo  vtM-y  liroad  with  a  low 
naktid  ritl^o  ttn  uith«T  hIiIu  niidwiiy  b('tw(!«-n  eyo  mid  niudian  lino;  Hparo 
on  oacli  Hido  of  each  ridgu  cotiriivu.  Nanal  Hpinu  Hliiirp;  proociilai' Hpiii«« 
whoi't  aud  Hhai'p;  Hiipra<)<;ulai-  rid^o  low,  its  Npino  incoiiMpirnniiH,  hut 
pntBunt;  pimtociilar  Hpiiio  Hiiiiilar,  hut  lari;ci';  tynipanir  Hiinilar  and  still 
hir^or.  Frontal  r'u\ne  mi  i-itlior  Hidu  nakud,  without  Hpino,  hut  with  tho 
Hhort  HJiarp  coronal  npiuo  huliind  it,  and  continnoiiH  with  it  under  tho 
Hcal  ,H.  Ot-cipital  ridgu  Hharp,  rathrr  low,  ini<Unv;  in  a  h>w  H]iini-,  and 
with  sonietiini's  1  or  2  HpinuH  on  itH  iip|ier  Niirluio;  a  low  oroHs  furrow  Hep- 
aratin^  the  occipital  from  tho  Hharji,  short,  nuchal  Hpinc.  A  HJiai]),  short 
spinu  on  the  orbital  rim  at  bnun  of  suborbital  stay;  ',\  othoiHon  the  orbital 
rim  before  it;  3  on  tho  lower  ed^c  of  the  prcorliital.  Pimt-teinporal  with 
2  or  3  spinouH  points,  a  nharp  spino  bi'hind  it  above  angle  of  gill  opening; 
a  Mat  spino  on  the  humoruH.  Operclo  with  2  strong  spines  diverging,  each 
arising  from  a  ridge  on  the  bono.  Two  H])ine8  at  Junction  of  subopercle 
!iiid  intoropercle.  i'reoperi'lo  with  r>  ra<liatiiig  spines,  tho  second  longest, 
:tHn  eye.  Space  between  occipital  spines  nearly  tlat.  I'osterior  nostril 
twice  as  long  as  anterior.  Lower  jaw  with  l  largo  mucous  pores  on  each 
side,  lower  jaw  projecting,  the  Hymphysis  thickened.  Scales  rather  large, 
rough  ctenoid,  deciduous;  rough  scales  on  middle  of  maxillary,  and 
almost  all  parts  of  lower  jaw.  Dorsal  siiines  low,  slender;  soft  dorsal 
higher.  Se(;ond  anul  spine  somewhat  shorter  than  third,  the  soft  rays 
liigh.  Pectoral  rather  long,  not  <|uite  rea<-hing  vent,  but  beyond  tips  of 
ventrals.  Caudals  slightly  lunate.  Color  plain  uniform  brick  red,  the 
edge  of  dorsal,  anal,  caudal,  and  ventral  blackish;  pectoral  without 
dusky  shade;  traces  of  3  dusky  shaderi  across  cheeks  and  operdes; 
inside  of  mouth  aud  gill  opening  coppery  red;  peritoneum  silvery. 
Aleutian  Islands  to  Kadiak;  iirobably  common  in  water  of  moderate 
depth.  This  strongly  marked  species  is  the  typo  of  a  distinct  subgenus, 
/ahpyr,  .Jordan  &  Evormunn,  characterized  by  tho  spinous  suborbital 
and  the  increased  number  of  cr  mial  spines.    The  species  *  is  here  described 


I  » 

I  ■ 

I  : 


*  Speciinens  probably  of  this  HpocioH  liave  been  t»i'''">n  in  Btoniachn  of  the  fur  senl  (Oal- 
lorliinus  alancanus,  Jordan  iV.  Clark)  about  KadiaK.  It  la  Hald  that  this  specisH  aud 
Hebattodet  eiliatus  are  occasioually  takeu  iu  salmon  nets  at  Karluk,  on  Eadiak  island. 


::•:».«    ;ll 


I'f.f  ;f-J|f"' 


■''■  rLiW    1 


':l 


■*i 


1790         Dulleiin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 

from  4  specinieiiH,*  lA^  to  2  feet  long,  dredged  in  110  fathoms  in  Shelikol' 
Strait,  Alaska,  off  Karlnk,  Kadiak  Island,  July  20,  1897.  (Coll.  AlholioHs. ) 
It  is  noarost  Sehnatodcs  viinititua,  but  differs  from  that  and  all  other  Ameri- 
can species  in  the  increased  number  of  cranial  spines,  and  especially  in 
th«i  presence  of  spines  below  the  eye.  It  is  evident  that  this  is  the  hmI 
species  wrongly  identified  by  Pallas  as  the  adult  of  his  Percu  rarinbilin, 
the  Kp'mvphvlws  (uliatm  of  Tilesitis.  One  of  Pallau's  specimens  from  thf 
Aleutian  Inlands  has  been  examined  by  Dr.  Jordan  in  lierlin  and  de- 
scribed undar  the  name,  doubtless  erroneous,  Scbaatodca  matsubarw,  the 
true  matzubarrw  being  a  Japanese  Hpecies. 

Perea  variabiliii,  Vallas,  Zoogr.  Kosso-Asiat.,  hi,  241,  1<''11,  Aleutian  Islands;  in  part;  the 
HiippoHed  ailult  or  Hi:inmer  form.     (Specimen,  No.  8145,  Miih.  IScrl.) 

HehaHodes  viatzubarce,  .Tokdan,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Vhila.  1883,291;  .Tohdan,  Cat.  Fish.  N. 
A.,  108,  1885;  probably  not  Sebastes  matzubara  Hilqendosf,  Sitzg))er.  Gch.  Naturl. 
Freundo,  lierlin,  1880, 170,  .rom  Yesao. 

S108.  SEBASTODES  ATROSUBGXS,  Gilbert,  now  species. 

Head  2?;  depth  29.  Snout  4 J  in  total  length  of  head;  eye  4;  interor- 
bital  width  5;  least  width  of  preorbital  2J  in  pupil.  1^.  XIII,  14;  A.  '11, 
7;  V.  17;  oblique  rows  of  scales  above  lateral  line  4.5.  Body  deep,  com- 
pre.s8ed,  its  greatest  thickness  aboiit  i  its  greatest  depth.  Candal  peduncle 
very  deep,  compressed,  its  leaet  depth  about  i  gro?  test  depth  of  body,  and 
greater  than  length  of  peduncle  behind  base  of  dorsal  fin.  Head  wide, 
heavy,  its  upper  profile  descending  in  a  g«!ntly  convex  curve  from  front 
of  dorsal,  the  occipital  area  slightly  depressed,  but  not  transversely  flat- 
tened. Interorbital  region  and  occiput  strongly  convex  trfinsversely,  the 
former  with  a  shallow  channel  running  parallel  with  each  orbital  margin. 
Lower  jaw  projecting  beyond  the  upper,  the  tip  entering  the  protih>.  No 
.symphyseal  knob.  Maxillary  reaching  a  vertical  drawn  midway  between 
hinder  margin  of  the  eye  and  back  of  pupil,  its  length,  ra<>a8ured  from  tip 
of  snout,  ecjualing  length  of  snout  and  eye,  and  |  length  of  head  to  end 
of  upper  opercular  spine.  Preopercular  spine  short,  regularly  radiatiui;^, 
the  second  .ind  third  longest  diverging,  the  uppermost  very  short,  about 
equaling  the  fourth.  Preorbital  with  2  very  wide  strong  spines  directed 
downward  and  backward.  Cranial  ridges  low  and  inconspicuous,  but 
evident  throughout  and  terminating  in  strong  spines.  The  nasal,  pr(>- 
v^calar,  postocula'*,  and  parietal  alone  are  present.  Gill  rakers  long  and 
slender,  9+22  on  anterior  arch,  the  longest  2\  in  orbit.  Dorsal  spines 
high,  slender,  flexible,  the  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  equal  in  their  height, 
which  equals  length  of  snout  and  eye.  Outline  of  the  spious  dorsal 
regularly  convex,  much  as  in  Perca.    Membranes  not  deeply  incised.    A 

*  The  following  description  is  from  a  specimen  in  the  Berlin  Mnsenm  bronght  by  Palhis 
from  the  Aleutian  Islands :  "D.  XIII,  14;  A.  Ill,  7.  Spines  of  head  low,  developed  abuii I 
as  in  Sebattodes  miniatui  and  pinniger.  Preocular,  supraocular,  postocular,  tympanic, 
occipital,  and  nuchal  spines  distinct;  a  pair  of  small  coronal  npiues  p:  lent,  as  alf>o  :i 
small  spine  before  and  one  just  below  eye.  Maxillary  reaching  to  posterior  border  of  cyn 
lljin  head.  l?oth  jaws  covered  with  rough,  ctenoid  scales.  Interorbital  space  flattis'Ji, 
scaled,  its  breadth  a  little  less  than  that  of  eye.  Preopercular  spine  short,  simple.  Pre- 
orbital spines  simple.  Lower  jaw  scircelv  projecting.  Second  anal  spine  scarcely  longer 
than  third.  Longest  dorsal  sjiine  2}  in  head,  a  little  less  than  the  longest  short  ray^. 
Pectoral  ii  in  body.    Color  chietiy  red;  3  dark  shades  across  cheek.' 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1797 

ileop  notch  bet\ve<iii  dorHnls,  the  twelfth  spine  contained  'I'i  tinioH  iu 
tbu  fourth;  soft  dorsal  hi^hiT  than  Hpinons  dorsal,  the  lon^eHt  niys 
Mli^^htly  muro  than  4  length  of  head;  candiil  evenly  rounded,  li,'  in  head; 
anal  Hpines  gradnated,  the  second  not  Htrouger  than  the  third,  con- 
tained Ij-  times  in  its  length;  third  spine  2^  in  head;  longest  Loft  ray 
li^;  ventrals  reaching  vent,  l*  in  head;  pi-cl<orals  reaching  beyond  vent, 
nearly  to  oppusitc  first  anal  spine,  the  8  lower  rays  much  thickened,  sim- 
ple and  undivided;  base  of  2>c"torals  wide,  3}  in  hoa<l.  Scales  on  sides 
of  body  weakly  ctenoid,  feeling  smooth  to  the  touch,  those  on  breast 
minute;  no  accessory  scales  on  body;  Lead  very  completer^'  scaled, 
including  top  of  head  as  far  forward  as  nasal  spines,  entire  suborbital 
ring,  exposed  portion  of  maxillary,  and  the  mandible;  accessory  scales 
iiumerrus  on  sides  of  head;  scales  on  maxillary  and  mandible  minute, 
smooth,  partially  embedded;  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  densely  envel- 
oped in  minute  scales  to  their  tips,  the  scales  e<[ually  (tresent  on  rays  and 
membranes;  ventral  rays  settled  on  aut^^rio^  face,  the  membranes  naked; 
the  lower  thicken(*d  rays  and  the  up|)er  4  or  5  rays  of  pectoral  scaled  at 
liase  only,  the  others  scaled  to  tip;  axillary  side  of  pectorals  naked.  The 
;i;eneral  color,  '.vheu  fresh,  reddish  orange,  much  mottled  on  back  and  upper 
l»art  of  sides  with  dark  brown;  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  dusky  orange, 
with  darker  membranes;  pectorals  and  ventrals  dusky;  lining  of  gill 
cavity  and  peritoneum,  bright  silvory  white;  opercular  llaj)  orange,  pre- 
c(!ded  by  a  dark  blotch;  3  faint  dark  streaks  on  side  of  head,  1  run- 
ning lengthwise  of  maxillary,  1  from  the  narrow  suborbital  across  the 
cheek  to  the  fourth  i)reopercul.ir  spine,  a  third  from  eye  backward  and 
downward  to  base  of  upper  2  preopercular  spines;  snout  and  mesial  por- 
tion of  lower  lip  dusky;  top  of  head  mottled  with  brown  and  orange 
red;  1  inc^onspicuous  round  spots  of  clear  orange  along  back,  1  under 
third  and  fourth  dorsal  spines,  1  under  seventh  and  eighth,  1  under  origin 
of  soft  dorsal,  the  last  under  its  terminal  rays.  Most  nearly  related  to 
S.  atrovircns,  having  a  strongly  convex  interorbital  space;  strong,  low, 
cranial  ridges  ending  in  short,  strong  8})ines,  of  which  the  postocular  and 
nuchal  are  wanting.  Caudal  convex.  It  ditters  most  conspicuously  in 
its  red  color,  strongly  protruding  lower  jaw,  and  very  long  slendtjr  gill 
rakers.  Length  about  a  foot.  Coast  of  California;  known  from  1  spsci- 
iiion,  probably  from  Monterey. 

Sebantodeg  atrorubent,  GiLBEUT  MS.    (Tyi»e,  No.  1873,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.,  from  San  Fran- 
cisco market.) 


ai»9.  S£L'ASTODES  ATllOVIKENS  (Jordan  &.  Gilbert). 

(Gaubupa.) 

Head  3;  depth  2i.  D.  XIII,  14;  A.  Ill,  6;  scales  52.  Bones  of  skull 
thick ;  parietal  ridges  moderate,  ending  in  spines,  supraocular  spine  absent ; 
l»reocular  and  postocular  spines  present,  sharp,  slender,  the  ridges  little 
developed;  tympanic  sometimes  present,  small.  Parietal  bones  widely 
separated;  interorbital  space  nearly  3^  in  base  of  skull,  nearly  Hat,  a 
median  depression  between  2  ridges,  covering  mucous  canals;  ventral 


ipi      . .    «# 


~m 


1708  Bulldin  f.y.  United  States  National  Mtiseum. 


II 


procesH  of  basisplienoid  rudimentary,  HonietlnieH  fairly  w«>ll  developotl, 
iiieHethiiioitl  ])ro(;oH80M  conipreHSfld,  Mlijuflitly  elevated;  base  ci"  skull  (]»iira- 
Hpheiioitl )  Htrougly  curved.  Hody  obloug,  not  tapering  riipidly  backward ; 
head  uiodorato,  rather  pointed;  mouth  moderate,  the  lower  Jaw  souiewliat 
projecting,  the  maxillary  extending  to  beyond  i)08terior  liorder  of  puj)!!, 
its  length  U  in  head;  premaxillary  below  pupil;  eye  large,  3J  in  head; 
nasal  spines  promintait;  preorbital  very  narrow,  with  2  stout  spines;  pie- 
opercular  spines  short,  rather  sharp,  the  second  longer  and  slenderer  than 
the  others;  opercular  and  suprascapular  spines  sharp;  tnterorldtal  space 
widened  backward,  its  width  less  than  that  of  the  eye  and  more  than  the 
leLgtli  of  the  parietal  ridge;  gill  rakers  slend-jr  not  yery  long,  the  longest 
i  diameter  of  eye;  preorbital  scaly;  maxillary  partly  scaly;  mandible 
with  some  smooth  scales;  scales  large,  regularly  arranged.  Dorsal  tin 
rather  deeply  emarginate,  the  spines  moderate,  the  lifth  J  length  of  head 
and  lower  tiian  soft  rays;  caudal  truncate;  anal  Jin  short  and  high,  its 
spines  slender,  the  second  sliorter  than  third,  and  not  much  stronger,  about 
2i  in  head;  longest  soft  rays  1 A  in  head;  pectorals  long  and  narrow,  reach- 
ing past  vent  nearly  to  beginning  of  anal,  their  length  \  that  of  head, 
tb'ur  base  narrow;  ventrals  long,  reaching  just  past  vent.  Olive  green, 
marbled  with  darker,  sometimes  brownish;  belly  pale  yellowish  green; 
tins  olivaceous,  no  red  anywhere.  Length  15  inches.  Coast  of  California, 
San  Diego  to  San  Francisco;  generally  abundant,  especially  southward. 
(«/<'/',  black;  rircits,  green.) 

SeJ)a.iticlitliiis  atrovirenv,  Ji-.iti  \ti  \  CilLliKnT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Mus.  1880,  289,  Monterey. 

(('oil.  Jordini  &,  Gill)ert.) 
Hebaiitodeii  alrovireiig,  .Iokdan  it  (iii.BKRr,  Synopsis,  C<i2,  188;»;  CliAMER,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac. 

Sci.,  series  2,  v,  1895,  505,  \tL  00,  tig.  10. 

Subgenus  EOSEBASTES,  Jordnu  &  Evorniann. 

220«.  SKBASTOI>ES  SAXI4  OLA  ((Jilbcrt). 

Head  2;i  to  2|;  depth  3  to  3}.  D.  XIII,  12  or  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  lateral  lino 
with  45  pores;  eye  large,  2^  to  3i  in  head,  much  hmgor  than  snout  or 
interorbital  width ;  mouth  large,  maxillary  reaching  n»'arly  to  posterior 
margin  «»f  pupil,  2i  in  head.  Mandibhs  laterally  inchulcd,  the  tip  strongly 
projecting,  with  conspicuous  symphyseal  knob,  which  enters  profile.  The 
least  width  of  interorbital  space  about  equaling  siumt,  5  in  head;  preor- 
bital narrow,  ^  pnpil,  with  2  strong  triangular  lobes  with  spinous  tii)8; 
preopercular  spines  directed  backward,  or  the  lowest  slightly  obli»iue.  Gill 
rakers  long  and  slender,  the  hmgest  |  orbit,  constantly  10+22  or  23.  The 
second  anal  spine  varies  somewhat  in  length,  always  extending  slightly 
beyond  tip  i>f  third  anal  spine  when  th(!  tin  is  declined,  usually  not  reach- 
ing tips  of  soft  anal  rays,  its  length  2^  to  2^^  in  that  of  head.  Yonnj; 
individuals  with  fatat  dark  bars  occupying  usual  position;  a  jet-black 
blotch  on  middle  of  soft  dorsal  with  a  light  streak  below  it  separating  it 
from  the  back.  Highest  dorsal  spine  2i  in  head,  the  spines  moderately 
strong,  the  membrane  not  deeply  incised;  height  of  soft  rays  about  equal- 
ing that  of  spines;    caudal  emarginate;  second  anal  spine  longer  and 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Amerka,     1790 


Htroii^rer  than  third,  and  l(Mi<rur  than  sut't  rays,  2  to  -'^  in  head ;  vfutralu 
tisiially  not  to  vent;  puctoraia  nearly  to  front  of  anal.  >Scal«<s  rongli 
ctunod  on  breant,  maxillary,  niundible,  and  Hiioiit.  lionos  of  hUiiII  thin, 
|)r*  Dcniar,  postocular,  tynipanir,  and  parietal,  and  sunictiincs  nuchal  Hpinus 
present,  small,  sharp,  the  ridges  nioderatoly  dcvt'loited;  preocnlar  ridge 
liromim-nt,  the  spin*!  jirojeeting  above  or))it;  parietal  ridges  Honu-whut 
curved,  jiarietal  bones  not  moctiiig;  intcrorbital  spae<>  wide,  8}  in  base  of 
skull,  a  little  concave,  nearly  Hat  between  the  supraocular  ridges;  ventral 
procesa  of  ba8is]»h<'n((id  fairly  developed ;  mesetUmoid  processes  snuill,  com- 
ptessed,  not  eh-vated,  base  of  skull  strongly  curved.  Olivaceous  above, 
silvery  below,  overlaid  b«>low  with  light  rod;  young  with  ;{  or  1  brownish 
lilack  bars  on  side,  becoming  faint  in  older  examples  and  sometimes  als<» 
ill  yi>ung;  in  these  a  dusky  blotch  on  occiput,  1  including  front  of  dorsal 
;ind  1  on  back  of  tail;  dorsal  sometimes  with  bhu-k  Hjiots,  the  spinous 
liortion  often  with  a  subniedian  band  of  black,  above  which  the  incised 
membrane  is  white;  conspicuous  olive-bniwu  spots  on  caudal,  nsually 
confined  to  base  and  upper  lobe  of  Hn;  peritoneum  black;  buccal  and  gill 
i.ivities  white.  Length  12  inches.  Very  abundant  in  deep  waters  otf  the 
coast  of  southern  California;  Santa  liarbara  Islands,  in  from  14  to  155 
fathoms.     (Gilbert.)     («flXM»i.  rock;  co/o,  I  inhabit.) 

Sebattichthyn  saxicola,  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  18!>0,  78,  Santa  Barbara  Islands. 

(Coll.  AlbatrosK.) 
Hi'haslodet  taxicola,  CRAMER,  Proo.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  series  2,  v,  1895,  590,  60,  lig.  12. 

2201.  MEBASTOOGS  OBAMKBI,  Jordan. 


Head  2| ;  depth  2^.  D.  XIII,  14 ;  A.  Ill,  7 ;  P.  19iHi ;  pores  in  lateral  line, 
t^  (-|-  1  on  caudal);  transvj'rse  rows  of  scales  49.  IJody  compressed,  its 
thickness  2i  in  its  depth.  Interorbital  space  Hat,  4.i  in  head;  cranial 
ridgt's  low  but  evid«Mit,  the  parietal  ridges  thin.  Preocnlar,  supraocular, 
postoculai*,  tymjtanic,  parietal  and  nuchal  si)iues  present,  the  last-named 
Hidnes  being  uuirked  oft"  from  the  parietal  ridges  only  by  depressions, 
iiud  the  i)arietal  spines  not  well  marked.  Orbit  nearly  circular,  3^  in 
head.  Snout  about  equal  to  interorbital  width;  preorbital  with  2  tri- 
anguhir  lobes,  but  no  distiin^t  spines.  Maxillary  reach'ng  a  little  beyond 
vertical  from  middh^  of  eye,  2^  in  head.  Mandible  scarcely  projecting, 
with  a  small  symphyseal  knob.  The  3  upper  i»reopercular  spines  nearly 
etjual,  a  little  divi-rgent,  the  lowest  one  obsolescent.  Opercular  spines 
moderate,  nearly  equal.  Gill  rakers  slender,  2^  in  orbit,  21  on  horizontal 
limb  of  first  arch.  Scales  of  medium  size,  those  on  opercles  and  cheeks 
ctenoid,  those  on  snout,  preorbital,  maxillary,  and  mandible  scarcely 
ctenoid,  or  cycloid;  accessory  scales  in  moderate  number.  Dorsal  spines 
rather  low,  the  fourth  longest,  21  in  head,  the  twelfth  about  i  as  long; 
th(;  membrane  of  spinous  dorsal  rather  deeply  incised;  longest  dorsal 
rays  about  equal  to  longest  spines;  second  anal  spine  about  equal  to 
the  third,  but  stronger,  curved,  3  in  head,  about  1^  in  soft  rays;  caudal 
emarginate ;  base  of  pectoral  2f  in  head,  the  10  lower  rays  simple,  the 
middle  rays  longest,  3^  in  length  of  body,  and  reacliing  a  little  beyond 


-Ife 


h  il 

m 


:# 


1800         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

origin  of  uiml;  ventrals  ronching  a  littl«»  hoyond  vmit.  Color  in  ulcoliol, 
ycUowisb,  darker  abovr  (doubtless  brifi;lit  rod  in  litV) ;  4  short  faint  crcsH 
bands  on  upper  part  of  sidits,  1  under  second,  third,  and  fourth  dorsiil 
siiines,  a  second  under  sixth  and  sovt^nth  spines,  a  third  under  ninth,  tenth, 
and  uhfvunth  8pin«>s,  and  the  fourth  under  the  soft  dorsal ;  a  black  spot  on 
upper  part  of  opercle;  uiembrane  of  spinous  dorsal  black-edged;  dorsaln 
an«l  pectorals  a  little  dusky,  flns  otherwise  pale;  insitle  of  mouth  a  little 
dusky  at  the  sides  and  in  front  of  tongue;  insi(h>  of  gill  eavities  dusky  m 
front  of  pseudobranehia* ;  peritoneum  dark  brown.  Coast  of  Alaska ;  only 
the  type,  6i  inehos  long,  known.  (Nanit^d  for  Mr.  Frank  Cramer,  of  Lt^lain! 
Stanford  Jr.  University,  in  recognition  of  hia  work  on  the  genus 
Scbastodca. ) 

Sebattodes  erameri,  Jordan,  I'roo.  V.  S.  Nat.  \Iua.  1806, 451,  coast  of  Oregon,  at  Albatross 
Station 3091,  Lat.  ^s"^ 43'  N.,  Long.  134^^  13'  W.,  in 87 fathoms.  (Type,  Nu.47745.  Coll. 
GUbert.) 

2202.  SEBA8T0DES  SEXICIXCTUS,  Gilbert. 

D.  XII-I,  13;  A.  Ill,  7.  Head  2,"„  to  3;  body  slender  the  depth  3?  to  3^ 
in  length.  Mandible  with  a  moderate  symphyseal  kno)>,  whicdi  projects 
to  enter  the  proKle.  Maxillary  scarcely  reaching  vertical  from  middle  of 
pupil,  2;|  to  2*  in  heiid.  Eye  averaging  smaller  than  in  S.  aaxioola,  'd^  to 
3i  in  head  (rarely  3  in  head).  Interorbital  space  of  moderate  width,  flat, 
with  a  slight  median  lengthwise  groovi;  bounded  by  a  pair  of  low  rounded 
ridges,  the  groove  and  ridges  sometimes  not  «'vident.  Preocular,  supra- 
ocular, and  occipital  ridges  low,  but  sharp  and  evident,  terminating  in 
strong  though  slender  spines.  Nasal,  preocular,  postocular,  tympanic,  and 
occipital  spines  present,  the  preocular  the  strongest,  directed  outward 
and  backward  so  as  to  project  over  the  orbit.  Parietals  not  in  contact; 
preorbital  narrow,  with  2  triangular  or  rounded  lobes,  with  or  without 
slight  spinous  tips.  Preope^cular  spines  with  compressed  triangular  base, 
the  upper  2  usually  nearest  together,  directed  backward  or  slightly 
upward,  the  others  backward  and  downward ;  a  subopercular  and  an  inter- 
opercular  spine  closely  approximated;  3  humeral  spines.  Gill  rakers 
long,  slender,  very  numerous,,  developed  as  movable  rakers  tothj  extreme 
anterior  end  of  the  arch ;  10  or  11  gill  rakers  on  vertical  limb  of  anterior 
arch,  27  on  horizontal  limb,  the  longest  slightly  less  than  diameter  of  eye. 
Fifth  dorsal  spine  highest,  2^  to  2^  iu  head,  longer  than  the  soft  rays,  tbe 
membranes  between  spines  not  deeply  incised ;  the  notch  between  dorsals 
rather  shallow,  the  twelfth  spine  f  to  7I  length  of  thirteenth ;  caudal  emar- 
ginate;  second  anal  spine  strong,  longer  than  third,  usually  not  reach- 
ing tips  of  soft  rays  when  fin  is  declined;  length  of  second  spine  I 
that  of  head;  ventrals  usually  reaching  to  or  beyond  vent;  the  pectorals 
varying  from  slightly  behind  vent  to  slightly  behind  origin  of  anal. 
Scales  on  breast  cycloid  or  weakly  ctenoid,  elsewhere  on  body  rough 
ctenoid ;  head  completely  scaled,  olie  scales  on  top  of  head  and  on  cheeks 
ctenoid,  those  on  snout,  maxillary,  mandible,  and  branchiostegal  rays 
much  reduced  in  size  and  smooth,  46  to  48  tubes  iu  the  lateral  line;  about 
95  vertical  transverse  series  above  the  lateral  line,  each  series  under  the 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  Ngrth  America.      1801 


(Idraal  fliiH  coiitaiiiiug  7  or  8  sciileH.  Color  in  Hpirits,  lijfht  brownish  above, 
silvery  on  lower  iiaIf«>f8i«l«'H  and  below  (tinj;eil  with  red  in  life);  Huont  and 
top  of  head  dusky;  sonietiuioH  a  dusky  streak  from  tip  of  snout  to  eye,  a 
M'('ondonecrossiu„  between  preocular  ridjjes,  and  a  third,  loss  often  visible, 
(MMu-cipnt;  a  diamond-shaped  brown  blotch  on  na]io  and  under  front  of 
>{iinous  dorsal,  extending  downward  nearly  to  lateral  line;  a  snuill  blotch 
under  sixth  and  seventh  dors:i!  spines;  a  very  conspicuous  saddle-shaped 
liiown  crossbar  under  tho  ei<;'hth  to  eleventh  spines;  this  is  wider  and 
lii,d»ter  next  the  back,  becomes  narrower  and  more  intense  just  above  the 
literal  line,  then  widens  into  an  intense  "ortically  elliptical  blotch  on 
iiiidi  'e  of  sides;  a  similar  less  intense  bar  under  soft  dorsal,  and  1  on 
ciiiidal  peduncle;  the  lighter  portions  of  these  bars  showipg  darker  spots 
iiiiil  mottlings;  those  beneath  the  fins  encroaching  somewhat  on  their  basal 
portions;  membranes  of  dorsal  tins  with  ill-defined  roundish  spots  of  light 
111  own;  caudal  rays  with  a  few  eh>ngate  olive-brown  spots,  some  of  these 
Dlten  forming  a  vertical  series  near  base  of  fiu;  membranes  l>etweeu  the 
riiys  largely  olive-brown  on  basal  \  of  fin;  a  faint  dark  spot  above  middle 
(if  base  of  pectoral;  pectorals,  veutrals,  and  anal  white,  unmarked; 
iiiDuth  and  gill  cavity  white;  peritoneum  brown.  Length  7  inches. 
\'(  ry  closely  related  to  S.  sajicola,  from  which  it  diflfors  conspicuously  in 
its  smaller  si/e,  its  sharply  defined  cross  bars,  the  smaller  head,  smaller 
mouth,  and  smaller  eye,  and  in  the  longer,  more  numerous  gill  rakers. 
Coast  of  California;  taken  rather  abundantly  in  the  Santa  liarbara  Chan- 
nel, and  at  first  confused  with  the  young  of  S.  saxieola.  Specimens  are 
t'roiu  Albatross  Stations  2949  and  2959,  in  depths  of  155  and  55  fathoms, 
((iilbert.)     {svmi,  half;  cinctus,  l>anded.) 

Sihattodeggimicinctut,  UlLnERT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1896, 449,  i)l.  53,  fig.  1,  Santa  Barbara 
Channel,  Lat.  33°  57'  N.,  Long.  119°  53'  30"  W,,  in  155  fathoms.  (Type,  Ko.  47581. 
Coll.  Albatross.) 

2208.  SrBASTODKK  DIPLOPROA  (Gilbert). 


s  under  the 


Head  2*;  depth  2J.  1).  XIII,  12  or  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  35  pores  in  lateral  line. 
.Maxillary  reaching  beyond  middle  of  pupil,  2*  in  head;  premaxillary 
produced  on  each  side  of  median  line,  forming  2  forwardly  projecting 
(lentigerons  lobes,  in  the  deep  emargination  between  which  tits  tho  tip  of 
mandible;  symphyseal  knob  small.  Eye  large,  3  to  3A  in  head.  I'reor- 
bital  narrow,  ^  pupil,  with  2  strong  diverging  spines;  interoibital  s^ace 
l:i  ill  orbit;  preopercular  spines  strong,  the  second  usually  the  longest, 
the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  directed  downward  and  backward;  opercular 
.spines  hmger  than  those  on  preopercle;  2  small  spines  on  shoulder.  Gill 
rakers  long  and  very  slender,  the  longest  )f  orbit.  Dorsal  spines  mod- 
erate, longer  than  soft  rays,  the  longest  2^  in  head,  the  twelfth  f  its 
height;  caudal  emarginate ;  second  anal  spine  longer  and  stronger  than 
tliird,  shorter  than  soft  rays,  2|  to  3  in  head;  veutrals  barely  reaching 
vent,  the  pectorals  slightly  beyond,  1|  in  head,  with  broad  base,  the 
lower  rays  not  thickened.  Scales  large,  minutely  spinous  and  readily 
doeiduoiis,  very  small  and  cycloid  on  maxillary,  mandible,  and  breast. 
Fin  membranes  thick  and  scaled.  Bones  of  skull  thin,  cranial  ridges 
3030 36 


IpfftfP  ::■■'•'' 

^' 

i 

■ 

l"l:~i 


J802  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Muscvm. 


iiioderatoly  developed,  piiriotal  ridges  markedly  curved ;  preo<Milar,  post- 
ucnlar,  tyinpanir,  and  ))arictal  Hpinea  pn-Hent,  mostly  thin  and  Nhiir<i: 
parietal  hones  meeting;  inturorhital  space  4  in  hane  of  skull,  concave,  tln' 
tlat  center  hordered  hy  2  ridges  (the  roofs  of  the  mucous  canals);  tlic 
Mipraocular  ridges  forming  an  elevated  horder;  nieHethmoid  processes 
coni])resBed,  not  elevated,  ventral  process  of  hasisphenoid  partly  devel- 
oped; hase  of  skull  strongly  curved.  Uniform  rose-red  above,  liright  sil 
very  on  sides  and  below,  sparsely  black  pimctate,  a  faint  dusky  bar 
behind  pectorals;  spinous  dorsal  with  dusky  margins,  the  tins  otherwise 
unmarked;  peritoueuni  Jet-black.  Coast  of  southern  California;  maiiv 
H]»ociniens,  the  largest  described  7  inches  long,  from  about  the  Coronado 
Islands,  in  21  fathoms.     (Gilbert.)     (<5/VAooS,  double;  itpoinXy  a  prow.) 

SehaHichthi/s  iKploproa,  (jILI«krt,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1890,  79,  Coronado  Islands,  Lat.  32 
44'  ao"  N.,  Long.  117°  23'  W.,  in  134  fathoms.     (Type,  No. 48'.'38.     Coll.  MbaUo$ii.) 

Sebantoih't  di/iloproa,  CiiAMi'^K,  Proc.  Cut.  Ac. Sci.,  scries  2,  V,  1895,  590,  pi. 01,  lig,  13;  (in. 
UKUT,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish  Comin.  1893  (1890),  407.* 


i 


t 


!i!'3K 


2204.  SEBASTODES  AURORA  (Gilbert). 

Head  2i ;  depth  2J.  D.  XTII,  13  or  14 ;  A.  Ill,  6;  lateral  line  29  (porcR) ; 
eye  large,  3^  in  head,  much  longer  than  snout  or  interorbital  spai  0, 
Mouth  large,  maxillary  nearly  reaching  vertical  from  posterior  margin  of 
orbit,  2i  in  head,  its  width  etiualing  diameter  of  pupil.  Mandible,  hitcr- 
ally  as  well  as  in  front,  largely  shutting  within  the  wide  premaxilliiiv 
band  of  teeth;  bands  on  vomer  and  palatines  also  wide.  I'reopcrcul.ir 
spines  regularly  radiating,  the  U2)per  4  more  nearly  equal  than  usual. 
Proorbital  wider,  its  least  width  jj-  pupil,  with  2  strong  triangular  sjunes, 
directed  downward  and  backward.  Gill  rakers  slender,  .he  longest  little 
more  than  ^  eye.  Dorsal  spines  strong,  not  high,  th«;  longest  2i  in  head, 
the  twelfth  i'bout  i  its  height;  soft  rays  lower  than  spines;  caudal 
slightly  emarginate;  second  anal  spine  very  strong,  much  longer  and 
stronger  than  third,  and  about  equaling  in  length  the  soft  rays,  its  length 
about  2^^  in  head;  veutrals  reaching  to  or  slightly  beycuul  vent;  pectorals 
to  front  of  an.il.  Scales  very  rough  ctenoid,  those  of  lateral  line  enlarged, 
covering  breast,  branchiostegal  rays,  mandij[>le,  maxillary,  and  part  ol' 
snout,  ever.,  »vhere  rough.  Fins  enveloped  in  a  more  or  less  lax  nic]!i- 
brane,  invested  with  line  ctenoid  scales.  Bones  of  skull  very  thin;  preoc- 
ular,  supraocular,  postocular,  tympanic,  parietal,  nuchal,  and  usually 
coronal  spines  present,  sharp  and  slender ;  ridges  moderate ;  parietal  rid^ts 
high,  thin;  parietal  bones  not  meeting;  interorbital  sjiaco  narrow,  long, 


*  Upon  these  specimens  Dr.  Gilbert  makes  the  following  remarks : 
"All  these  show  the  characteristie  silvery-white  coloration  on  lower  half  of  siilcs. 
There  are  traces  of  dark  bars  on  the  sides;  1  ou  nape  and  under  front  of  spiuoiLs  dorsul: 
2  on  side.s  diverging  dowuwtird  from  behind  middle  of  spinous  dorsal;  1  under  middb'  dl 
soft  dorsal.  There  are  corresponding  dusky  marks  on  the  tins,  that  on  soft  dorsal  lie  in;; 
a  distinct  blackish  blotch.  The  projecting  lobes  of  the  promaxillaries  are  evident  in  tlie 
youngest  individuals.    Fins  and  spines  ot  head  about  ns  in  adults. 

"The  gill  raker.><  in  this  species  are  9  or  10  +  23  to  25.  Tlie  maxilhiry  is  2J  to 2J  in  head. 
The  interorbital  space  is  very  slightly  nioro  than  J  eye.  The  ventral  (ins  extend  nearly 
to  vent.  Pectorals  lil  in  head.  There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  direction  of  the 
upper  preopercular  spines,  which  are  directed  sometimes  straight  forward,  sometiims 
obliiiuely  forward  and  downward.  Lower  ])reurbital  spiiio  directed  obliquuly  duwu- 
wan:  and  backward." 


•$1 


Jordan  and  pArrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     180.'J 


\\  ill  1)1180  of  skull,  A  «li!iiiu!tur  of  ori)it,  nuxlemtoly  roncavo;  2  broad 
low  riil^eH  over  the  lar^o  mnooiiH  canulH;  iiirHuthiiioid  proceNHCH  coiu- 
|)r«.HHod,  thin,  very  littlo  tdevated;  voiitral  pro(;oHH  of  I>aHiH]>lienoi(l  riidi- 
iiientary,  ba^e  of  skull  inoduratoly  curved.  Gill  rakers  v«ry  larjje  and 
iliick,  «'oiiii)arativf.ly  fow  in  imnibor,  7  <tn  vortical  limb,  and  14  or  ir> 
iiiovablo  ones  and  altoiit  :t  tiiborclos  on  liori/ontal  limb  of  ^iil  arch.  The 
ruronul  spinoH  aro  an  inconstant  foatiim  of  this  spocics,  absent  nearly  as 
often  as  i>resont.  In  1  specimen  a  slijrht  prominence  on  1  sitle  indi- 
liites  its  position.  Uniform  rod,  li>;ht  below;  a  narrow  black  streak 
along  edge  of  spinons  dorsal,  the  triangnlar  incised  portions  of  membrane 
above  it  w'lito;  n  similar  mark  between  second  and  third  anal  spines; 
liiis  otherwise  unmarked;  ))erit(meum  black;  mouth  cavity  white. 
Length  12  inches.  Abont  the  Kanta  llarbara  Islands,  in  233  aud  2G7 
liitlioms.     (Gilbert.)     {miiont,  dawn.) 

S.banHchthyii  aurora,  (Muiert,  Vntf.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  181M1,  80,  Santa  Barbara  Islands, 
Lat.  33<2  5.-'  30"  N.,  Long.  119°  41'  30"  W.,  in  a66  fathoms.  (Tvi«',  No.  482.iU.  Coll. 
AlhatroM.) 

Sfhattiiili-n  aurora,  CRAMKU,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  Berios  2,  v,  18U5,  600,  pi.  50,  tin.  15;  UlL- 
BEKT,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish  Conim.  1H0;J  (1800),  407. 

22U5.  NKiiASTOKEK  MKIiANOSTONTN,  Ki;;oniiiaiin  &  Ki^'onmauii. 

The  original  types  of  this  species  aro  thus  described:  Head  3|  in  total 
length;  depth  about  3.  D.  XIII,  13i;  A.  Ill,  7.};  lateral  line  13.  Uody 
Hliort  aud  deep;  head  heavy;  month  large,  lower  jaw  projecting,  maxillary 
Kiaching  to  below  posterior  border  of  pupil;  eye  very  large,  orbit  1  in 
snout,  3|i  in  head;  interorbital  space  slightly  depressed,  4|  in  head;  pre- 
.)i'l)ital  narrow,  3  in  orbit,  with  au  anterior  simple  and  a  posterior  many- 
liointed  spine,  '^^'•anial  spines  low  but  distinct,  smooth,  and  covered  with 
slvin  to  their  tip;  the  3  ocular,  the  tymitauic  and  i)arietal  si>iues  present; 
o|>ercular  aud  preopercular  spines  long,  simple;  maxillary,  maudiblc,  pre- 
(II  bital,  and  snout  scaly ;  scales  of  opercle  rather  large ;  scales  of  sides  very 
large,  with  but  fow  accessory  ones.  Gill  rakers  slender,  3i  in  orbit. 
Horsal  spines  all  very  low,  the  third  and  fourth  the  highest,  loss  than  an 
orbital  diameter,  the  soft  rays  3  in  head;  anal  spines  graduated,  the  sec- 
ond not  much  more  than  ^  length  of  soft  rays.  Body  scarlet,  shading  into 
madder  brown  or  blackish  red  above  lateral  line;  fins  vermilion,  the  first 
(lorsiil  with  its  membranes  narrowly  black-edged;  all  other  lius  more  or 
less  black  ou  jiosterior  half,  the  caudal  most  so;  head  vermilion,  tinged 
with  black;  inside  of  mouth  aud  gill  cavity  almost  wholly  black;  upper 
posterior  portion  of  gill  membranes  black;  a  black  bar  above  ojiercle; 
peritcuoam  black.  Length  about  22  iuches.  Point  Loma,  Califoruia. 
(ii/-'A(X?,  black;  dro/mt,  mouth.) 

Schantodes  melanottomus,  Eioenmann  &  EifiEXM^NN,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  sorica  2,  lu,  18','i, 
17,  Point  Loma,  near  San  Diego,  California.    (Coll.  C.  H.  Eij^eniuann.) 

2206.  SKBASTOWKS  I>'TKOMGKK  (Gilbert). 

Head  2A;  depth  2};  eye  3^  to  4  in  head.  D.  XIII,  14;  A.  Ill,  7  or  8;  P. 
IS;  lateral  line  3(5.  Mouth  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  to  middle  or 
posterior  third  of  oye^  2  in  head,  its  greatest  width  i  its  greatest  length. 


www 


»!»«^5ji^yijH»|uj|j_j5|ijfyji 


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inj.;i 


1804  Bulletin  //,  United  States  IVational  Museum. 


^[aiHliblu  protruding,  iMiturin^  ])r<)nio  in  liir^^o  H|H«ciinenH,  1«mh  iiromini'iit 
in  the  y«Hing.    HyniithyHeai  kn(»h  pruHunt,  Ixit  not  <M>nHpii'nouH.    T«>etli  on 
,i»\VH,  vuniur,  und  paliitinitH  in  niirrow  ImumIh.     Kyu  liir^o,  lon^tT  tlian 
Hnoiit.     Inturorbital  HpacH  slightly  t-oncavo,  witlt  2  t^vulonr  Idn^itiulinal 
ridgOH.    Cranial  rid^cH  Hliarp-tMlgtid  and  moderately  olovated,  tbeB|>.nf> 
Htrong.     Nasal,  itreociilar,   Hiipraocular,   postiXMilar,   tympiinif,  <-oroniil 
parietal,  and  nuchal  spiiieH  present;  t  or  both  coronal  Hpinos  <K.(!asionall,\ 
Avantinji;.     I'roorbital  of  niodorute  width,  ItH  anterittr  lobe  sonietinioH  <>ihI- 
in^  in  a  spine,  the  posterior  with  a  sharp  spinous  od^e  bearing  1  to  I  Hhar|i 
pointH.    l*reo])ercular  HpiiieH  large,  re^^nlarly  radiating,  the  '1  u)>per  ones 
approximated  and  more  slt-nth-r,  the  others  broadly  triangular,  directed 
downward  and  backward.     Two  spines  sometimes  present  at  angle  ot'snli 
opercle;  opercular  spines  sometimes  double.     Lower  rim  of  orldt  soni* 
times  serrated,    (till  rakers  long  and  slender,  the  longest  ^  diameter  <>l 
eye,  22  or  2U  on  lower  limb  of  outer  arch.     >SpinouH  dorsal  rather  low,  tlir 
twelfth  spine  \  the  height  of  the  last,  which  is  ^  head;  the  longest  spine 
2^  in  head;  second  .mal  spine  stronger,  but  scarcely  longer  than  the  thinl 
2.i  in  head;  pectoral  without  thickened  lower  rays,  reaching  to  vent,  I* 
in  body;  caudal  oniarginate.     Scales  large,  ctenoid,  about  liO  tubes  prcs 
ent  in  the  lateral  line;  small  accessory  scales  numerous;  all  )>arts  of  tlic 
head,  including  cheeks,  maxillary,  mandible,  branchiostcgal  rays,  snout. 
and  interorbltal  space  covered  with  scales;  gular  region  scaled;  all  tiic 
tins  invested  to  their  tips  with  line  s<!ale8;   scales  large,  ctenoid;   litis 
scaled.     Cranial  ridges  and  spines  rather  low  but  strong;  coronal  ami 
nuchal  spines  present;  nniudibular  symphysis  prominent,  with  small  syni- 
physeal  knob;  p«>ritoDeuni,  mouth,  and  gill  cavity  black  or  dusky.    Color 
uniform  bright  red,  duller  than  in  S.  mhiiuliiH.     Smaller  specimens  reddish. 
Traces  of  line  olive-green  bars  on  back ;  numerous  dark  s]>ots  along  lateral 
line;  a  dark  blotch  on  opercle;  3  bands  on  cheek,  and  a  blotch  in  the  axil 
of  pectoral;  all  the  fins  edged  with  black.     Several  specimens  were  taken 
in  Hcring  Sea  to  the  north  and  west  of  Unalaska  Island,  in  depths  of  K'l 
to  350  fathoms.     The  species  evidently  lives  at  much  g  eater  depths  th:in 
does  S.  aliituH.    The  cranial  ridges  are  well  developed  and  terminate  in 
strong  spines.    Coronal  spines  are  usually  present,  but  may  be  absent  on 
one  or  both  sides.    In  both  types  of  S.  intronujcr,  taken  at  a  depth  of  2(1(1 
fathoms  in  the  Santa  Barbara  Channel,  California,  the  cor  jnal  spines  arc 
wanting,  but  as  they  agree  with  our  specimens  in  all  other  importiint 
dotuils  we  make  the  identitication  without  doubt. 
The  following  characters  are  taken  from  Alaskan  specimens: 
lioues  of  skul'  rather  thin;  preocular  spines  long,  sharp;  supraocnhir. 
postocular,  and  tympanic  spines  broad,  strong;  coronal  spines  small  in 
Alaskan  specimens,  wauting  in  those  from  California; '^  parietal  ri(l<;c 
high,  strong,  with  2  spines;  jiarietal  and  nuchal  produced  by  interrn)i- 
tion  in  parietal  ridge,  which  in  some  instances  shows  a  slight  tendency  to 
break  up  into  a  series  of  spines ;  the  other  ridges  lower;  parietal  boms 
well  separated  or  barely  uniting ;  iuterorbital  82)ace  4  to  4^  in  base  of  skn  11, 
Hat;  mesethmoid  processes  somewhat  ••ompressed,  with  broad  upper  sni- 


■  Types  of  Hebastodes  introniger. 


%] 


Jordan  and  live nnann. — Fishes  of  North  Amcriea,      18()5 


tiicoH,  not  uUnatod ;  vnntnil  itro(M>8s  ol'  haHiHplionoid  nitliniintary  or  a  litMo 
ilov«.>]o|io<l ;  bahi'  orHUnll  iiioiloratoly  cihvimI  (U>hs  tlinn  in  SrhiiHtixhn  ainora). 
I'.'icilin  ruiiHt.  of  Aiiwrira,  in  il«!0)i  watrr,  from  tlio  Al«>ntiiin  iHlanils,  in  M'l 
III  :t50  latlinniH,  to  Santa  Iturbaru  iHlamlH,  in  2i>t>  t'athoniH. 

.■•.haMtli'litliiiM  intriiniiii'i:'  nu.nvMT,  I'rmi.  V.  S.  Nu».  Mux.,  xiii,   IH!iO,  81,  Santa  Barbara 
iHlandH,  Lat.  33"  55'  30"  N.,  Lon^.  119"  41'  30"  W.,  In  366  fathomH.     {CoW.  .ilbatintM.) 
^■hanlodi-v  inliiini;ier,{i\uu.Kr.  I{«'|it.  f.  S.  Finli.  Coiiim.  lMt>:i  (imtrt),  .lo". 


SiibgenuB  SEBASTOMUS,  (illl. 

i!207.  SKIIAKTOIIKN  Itl  IIKKKIMI  K,  (;riiiii<tr. 

(UkI>  Uik'KKIHII;  Tamiiiih.) 

Iload  3;  depth  3ij ;  oyo  U.  1).  XIII,  14;  A.  Ill,  7;  latf-rnl  lino  almnt  50. 
Iiody  (>hlon<7,  rather  det^p,  not  nin<-h  conipreNHed;  head  largo,  Idnnt,  mouth 
l;irg(^,  maxillary  reaching  nearly  to  poHtorior  edge  of  eye,  its  length  I, 
lliat  of  head;  preniaxillary  ou  level  of  lower  edge  of  pupil;  lower  jaw  a 
little  projecting,  the  syniphysoal  knob  slight;  intororbital  space  coarsely 
scaled,  with  2  slight  ridges  anteriorly.  Preorbital  wide;  preopercular 
s|)inos  broad,  usually  divided,  the  third  multified.  Scales  on  head  rough; 
J.iws  naked ;  snltorliital  stay  weak.  Gill  rakers  short,  clavate,  the  longest 
I  eye.  Scales  on  body  rough  ;  accessory  scales  nnnuTons;  pectoral  short, 
liioad,  its  length  l  in  body;  dorsal  spines  stout,  rather  lov.  the  tin  not 
deeply  notched,  the  longest  spine  al)oiit  as  high  as  the  soft  rays,  2k  in  head ; 
cai!(la1  truncate;  soft  fins  scaly ;  second  anal  spine  little  stronger  or  longer 
tlian  third,  ^  height  of  soft  rays,  2:f  in  head.  Skull  of  large  adult:  lUunfs 
thick,  spongy,  cranial  ridges  well  developed,  entirely  broken  up  into 
Hpinesand  tubercles,  parietal  bones  widely  separated,  interorbital  space 
lliit  (n  compressed  longitudinal  ridge  above  mucous  canals  on  frontals)* 
slightly  more  than  4  in  base  of  skull;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid 
rudimentary,  mcBethmoid  processes  strong,  compressed,  not  elevated,  base 
of  skull  straight.  Skull  of  young:  Ridges  well  developed,  sharp,  not  at 
all  serrated;  preocular,  supraocular,  postocular,  tympanic,  and  parietal 
sjiines  all  present,  sharp;  interorbital  space  diseply  concave,  6J  in  base  of 
skull;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  partly  developed,  mesethnioid  pro- 
rosses  elevated.  Color,  clear  deep  vermilion  red,  paler  below;  a  narrow 
undulating  whitish  streak  along  the  sides,  from  the  eye  to  above  the  base 
of  the  anal,  and  another  along  the  lateral  line;  these  indistinct  in  the 


»    


*  This  species  has  been  idoiitiflcd  with  iS.  melanoatntnug,  'Eigoiimniiii,  by  Crnnier  niul  by 
•lorcliin  &  Kvormanii.  The  types  of  the  two  have  not  been  compared,  and  tlio  descrijition 
III  S.  melanottomn.i  fails  to  ngreo  in  so  many  details  with  specimens  of  .S.  introniger  that 
it  si>oms  best  to  keej)  tlie  two  apart.  S.  introniijer  lias  tlie  hea<l  larger,  2}  in  total  length. 
'I'lie  intororbital  space  is  narrower,  5J  in  length  of  head.  The  scales  are  larger,  34  in  the 
(•nurse  of  tlie  lateral  line.  Tho  accessory  scales  are  very  numerons.  The  gill  rakers  are 
intiili  longer,  tho  longest  containc^d  2.\  to  2J  times  inthodinnieterof  theorbit.  The  second 
anil  third  anal  spines  are  equal,  or  the  second  slightly  the  hmger,  contained  l^  times  in 
liiuirest  anal  rav.  In  >S'.  uielanostoinus  the  head  is  III  in  total  length.  There  are  43  scales 
ill  tlie  lateral  line,  and  but  tew  accessory  scales.  The  gill  rakers  are  contained  3J  tiuies 
in  tlio  diami^ter  of  orbit,  and  the  anal  spines  arn  graduated,  the  second  "not  much  nioru 
llian  J  the  length  of  the  soft  rays."  Two  specinu-ns  of  »S'.  introniijer,  30  cm.  and  44  cm. 
liiTig.  entirely  agree  in  the  respects  above  mentioned.  Tho  dill'ereucea  uUtigcd  to  aoparato 
tliu  two  species  can  not,  therefore,  be  duo  to  age.    (Uilbert,) 


'    f'if '' 


\\ 


w^ 


1800 


Biillvtin  /7,  United  Stales  National  Afuseutn, 


I 


h 


adult;  faint  duHky  Hlindon  riidiating  frnm  t>yo;  (Iiih  red,  Hoft  fiiiH  nlwayrt 
liii'Koly  blarkiHh  at  tip,  cMpi'cially  in  yonn)(;  yoiiiiK  nion«  diHtinctly  niarl^i'il 
tiian  adiiltH,  wliicli  ar«  nuarly  plain  liri<;i<  r««d ;  i)fli-iton«<nni  whito.  Len^l  li 
:^)  ini-liMH.  I'acillc  coant  of  tli«>  (Jnitcd  Stat«^H,  from  Han  Die^o  tu  Pn^ii 
Soninl;  almndaiit;  ntacliuN  a  lur^or  ni/o  tiian  any  of  tlin  other  HptM-iiN. 
oxoopt  poHHildy  SihtiHloilm  pnuiixiiiniii ;  an  iniportunt  iood>liHli,  varying 
inn(;li  with  af{e.     (nilHrrhniiM,  vciy  n-tl.) 

Si'liantotlfi  luhet;  Jokdan  >V  Ou.iikrt,  K,vnii|miH,  Gflri,  IMBll  (not  iif  AviiP.H),  anil  of  liii< 

iiulliorH  Ki'iii'nilly, 
Miailmhti  iiihiiniiiii*,  <!HAMK1I,  Vrnr.  Cnl.  Ao.  Scl.,  hitI«h  '.',  V,  IHIIO,  r»07,  pU.  Ol',  (W,  iiiiil  «!i, 

Monterey  Bay,  California.    (Coll.  Cniaior.) 

220H.  NKIIAKT;»i»l-:H  ('(tNSTKM.ATI'N  (.Ionian  \  (illlK-rt). 

(Sl'OTTKI)  UOCKKISII.) 

Head  2J;  depth  LH.  I).  XIII,  KJ;  A.  Ill,  (5;  lateral  lim>  53.  Hody  robust, 
licavy  forward,  tapcrinji;  into  a  nlondor  cantlal  pediinclo;  lutad  ratliur 
pointed  in  protile;  montli  iar^e,  ol>ii(|ae,  lower  jaw  Hlightly  prqio(;tin}{ 
beyond  oumrginatcd  tip  of  npper  Jaw,  a  small  knob  at  the  BynipliyHis; 
maxillary  very  broad,  extending  beyond  pnpil,  ita  middle  part  with  many 
Hmall  HcalcH,  itH  leugth  2  in  head ;  premaxillary  in  front  Juat  below  the  levti 
of  the  eye;  mandible  almost  entirely  covered  with  Mouill  rough  HoalcH; 
muK/.le  and  preorltital  sealed  to  tip  of  anont;  head  densely  covered  with 
small  HcaleH.  I'rcoporele  with  its  aecoiid  Hpine  long  and  aharp;  preorbital 
wide,  ita  edge  lobed.  Eye  large,  4  in  head.  Gill  rakera  abort,  clavate, 
the  longeat  of  them  abont  |  the  tlianieter  of  eye.  Scalea  atrongly  ctcnuid, 
the  accessory  acali^a  largely  developed  Doraal  spines  rather  strong  and 
low,  the  fonrth  more  than  ^  the  length  of  head,  the  liu  rather  dee|>l,v 
eniarginate;  soft  <lorsal  rather  low,  abont  as  high  as  second  anal  spine,  l''| 
in  head,  robnat,  curved,  considerably  longer  than  the  third  or  aoft  rays; 
caudal  alightly  enmrginat*; ;  pectorala  rather  narrow,  reaching  beyond 
ventrals,  abont  to  vent,  their  length  ^  that  of  head.  Skull  long,  the  bones 
moderately  thick,  the  preocular,  supraocular,  poatocular,  tympanic,  and 
parietal  spines  present,  broad  at  base,  moderately  thick  and  sharp,  th*; 
ridges  strong,  high,  the  parietal  ridgea  curved,  with  a  alight  tendency  to 
become  aerrate  antl  develop  small  spines;  parietal  Ixmes  widely  se|)arated, 
interorbital  space  narrow,  0  in  base  of  akuU,  deeply  concave,  the  supra- 
ocular ridgea  very  high,  and  a  deep  de])resaion  between  the  ridges  over 
mucona  canals;  ventral  process  of  basisphonoid  strongly  developed,  nies 
ethmoid  processes  compressed,  thick,  elevated;  base  of  akull  straight. 
Orange  red;  back  olive  shaded;  belly  yellowish;  cheeks  with  red  and 
yellowish  shades;  head  and  body  everywhere  closely  covered  with  small 
roundish  pale  spots;  spots  above  light-rose  color ;  below  larger  and  nearly 
white;  4  or  5  roundish  roae-colored  blotches  on  back,  besides  aome  mot- 
tlings  of  similar  shade;  the  first  spot,  often  obscure,  under  the  fourth 
dorsal  spine,  the  next  near  the  lateral  line  under  the  eighth  dorsal  Bx>ine, 
the  third  cloao  to  junction  of  the  two  ]iarts  of  doraal;  the  fourth  under 
end  of  aoft  dorsal;  u  lifth  sometimes  near  base  of  eighth  dorsal  spiue; 


Jordan  and  livcnnann, — lusfits  of  North  Anuriia,     1807 


opurciiliir  Mil])  with  uroiiy  npot;  Huh  li^^lit  rnliliHli;  (Ioi-niiI  Hpvckluil  at  Imino 
with  lit(lit  uiid  diirlv ;  poritoiiniiin  wliite.  Lni^^tli  lo  ini;h«-H.  ('niiHt  of 
('aliloriiiit,  Sun  l)i*-){n  to  Sail  KrHiiviMco;  al>iiiHltiiit  in  ruthur  tloop  wiitor, 
(■ttpucially  Honthwiinl ;  »  biiiliautl.v  rolorud  tlHb;  uuu  of  thu  haiidHuuicHt  of 
iliiHHliowy  ^ronp.     (conHlrUnliiii,  Htarrud.) 

^ihiistiditliiit   eiinntiUatiit,  JoititAN  A    (in.iiKBT,  I'ror.  |T,  H.  Nat.  Mim.  IMHO,  2«rt,  Santa 

Barbara  Channel;  San  PranciHco.     ('r,v|ii'.  No.  JtitHin.    dill,  .luriliin  iV  (■lllM<rt.) 
'<,ba*linl<:i  CM>t<t<//a(i/«,  JouiiAN  I.V.  (ili.liKUT,  SynopalH,  0U5,  IHMII. 


!!-.>0U.  NI'IIIAMTIHIKM  I'NIiltOSI'N  (.rortliiii  Xr  (iilliurt). 

H«Mul2!!;  <l*>pth2t;  «\v«<  lar){<>,  I  in  head.  I).  XIII,  12;  A.  Ill,  6;  lateral 
lin*t  40  (tMh«!H).  Uinunn]  {mm  oWSilwatodm  foittltlliiluH,  Month  niodttrato, 
iiiditpio,  lowur  Jaw  Hctarcely  proJrctinK,  itH  tip  tlttiu){  into  tin-  oniar^inato 
lip  of  nppurjaw;  maxillary  2  in  litmd,  reaching  poHtorior  nnirKtn  of  pnpil; 
racli  Jaw  with  hiiihII,  HnioothiHh  HcaiuH.  ( 'ranial  ridgt-a  rather  sharp,  lower 
than  in  S.^onHtrlltttun;  preoonlar,  aniiraocular,  puHtot'iilar,  tympanic,  and 
parietal  HidneH  prenent;  interurbital  area  conuuve,  with  2  prominent 
ridgeH,  the  region  mnch  broader  than  in  S.  voniilrllatiia,  ji  width  of  eyi'; 
Hiiprliociilar  ridge  low,  its  Hpine  smaller  than  tympanic  Hpine;  pre«)cular 
Hpine  prumiuent;  preopercniar  spinea  all  acute;  preoiltital  narrow,  with 
2  spineH.  (fill  rakt'i-H  ratln-r  long  and  alender,  the  longeHt  ahont  \  eye. 
ScaleH  moderate,  with  many  a<;eeaHory  aciilea.  DorHal  rather  low,  deeply 
<Miiarginate;  fonrth  apino  c(|nal  to  aoft  rays,  about  'j,  heail;  aoft  doraal 
longer  than  high;  aecond  anal  apin:)  large,  2^  in  head;  eandal  slightly 
euuii-giuate;  ]ie<^toral  not  reaching  vent,  3jj  in  body.  Light  orauge,  over- 
laid everywhere  with  blackiah,  the  latter  c<doi'  forming  on  lower  part  of 
sides  retieulutiona  iu  flue  pattern,  the  eentera  of  aoales  being  paler  than 
edges;  aides  of  head  with  tlusky  shades;  sides  of  ba';k  witli  some  large 
areas  of  blackiah;  upper  parts  with  5  large  rounoed  blotches  of  pink 
washed  with  orange,  these  blotches  arranged  as  iu  S.  coHHtillutiiH,  but 
larger,  leaa  ahurply  delined,  and  of  a  ditl'erent  hue;  the  second  blotch  with 
a  smaller  one  above  it;  a  rosy  s|>ot  on  opercular  (lap;  Una  pale  orange, 
shaded  with  <lusky.  Length  about  18  inches.  Coast  of  California  from 
I'oint  Concepeion  to  Coronado  Islanda;  acurce.     {umhvoaus,  shady.) 

Sebantiehthjii  wnbronus,  Jordan  &  Ghjieht,  I'roc.  U.  .S.  Nut.  Mas.  1882,  410,  Santa  Rosa 
Island,  oil'  Santa  Barbara,  California.  (Types,  Nos.  31HU  and  U1141.  Cull.  Audruu 
r.arcii.) 

Seliattodfn  <vreu»*  Kioenmann  &.  Eioenmavn,  Proc.  Cnl.  Ac.  Sci.  1890,  20,  Coronado 
Islands  (.SanUiogo  iiiiirkct).    (Coll.  C  II.  Kigonmann.) 

Sihaiit(ideiiumhromi*,JiiHi)AV  cc  QiLHEur,  Synopsis,  050,  1883. 

*  Sehastndfitwreug  in  thnni\enor\bMl:  Ilewl  2^  toSJ;  dtptli  2Jto;i.  I).  XIII,  121  to  i;i:  A. 
Ill,  flj;  lutenil  1.  (i>or«>H)  117  to  40.  Slmi)o  of  Sehastodi'ii  rosaci-u$.  Jaws  equal,  maxillary 
ruitt'liiugpaHt  pupil,  2ur  Hli<;litlyl('H8  thau2  iiilii-ad.  I'l-i-orbital  narrow,  with  'J  tlut  spines; 
cyu  large,  3}  to  3J  in  head,  ^  in'intororbital.  (Jranial  ridges  high  and  narrow,  t<;nninatiiig 
in  sharp  spines;  prcocnhir,  supraocular,  postoc.ulur.  tynipanir,  and  occipital  spines;  inter- 
orhital  concave,  with  a  narrow  median  groove  horderi'd  Ity  narrow  ridges.  Maxillary  and 
iiiandihle  entirely  scaled.  Highest  dorsal  spine  2.^  in  liniul;  second  aniil  s])ine  little  longer 
than  third,  considerahly  shorter  than  ravs,  2i  in  head.  General  color  (in  life)  pink, 
overlaid  witliltronze;  top  of  head  and  hacit  above  lateral  line  bronze  with  .5  pink  s|>ots: 
sides  below  lateral  line  finely  veriuicnlated  with  bron/.e,  whi<'h  occuiiies  more  simu'o  than 
ground  color;  )>ink  spots  of  back  ]daced  as  in  related  s|iecieB,  not  surrounded  by  jireen  or 
purple;  posterior  nart  of  lateral  line  pink:  sides  of  head  bronze  (with  ]iink  showing 
through)  with  au  Ul-dulined  streak  backward  I'roui  upper  auglu  of  eye;  a  light  pink  spot 


'1^ 

f 


»i: 


W^w 


\m 


^^ 


1808 


liullilin  /7,  United  S/n/is  A'ulioHal  .^/nstiim. 


tiU).  NKUANTOUKM  KOHA«  KVN  (Olranl). 


) 


!| 


% 


% 


(CORHAIK.) 

llomrJil;  <1epth3;  «\vo  very  liirj(r,  Mi  in  IhmkI.  I..  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill.t); 
lutunil  liiiu  IH.  Iloily  oltloii);,  littlu»lnvutu<l ;  lirutl  rutlDT  pointfld;  nioiitli 
in«Hloi'ui«n  tliuJuwH  itliont  «<|iiitl,  tho  lowi<r  witli  ii  Hmtill  knob;  iiiuxllliiiv 
not  roiirliiiiK  poHtnior  Ittmli^i*  of  «<yv,  itn  lonKth  1'  in  Im^iuI;  promiixillaritN 
Ih'Iow  tlio  iiriiit.  Muxillury  iinii  proorltitul  purlly  Healed;  inantliblu  iiml 
Hnont  nai\«'(l;  pruoperoular  HpinoH  Hhort.  Oill  rakriH  niodrruti^  lonircr 
than  in  S.  t'onHhUtiliix,  not  rlavato.  SciiIoh  nioiloratu,  tho  uccuHHory  on«*s 
.nnnierouH.  OurHnl  Hpin«>H  rutlior  low  and  Htronj;,  t\w  i'onrth  if  tliu  lun^tli 
ot'thulicad,  abont  aa  liiKb  hh  th«  Hol't  rayN,  tlio  iln  ratiior  dct'ply  unnir^i 
natu;  caudal  Nli^lilly  noti'liiMl;  anal  ratliur  low,  with  th«  necond  Mpiiit' 
curved,  '2jt  in  hoad,  nimdi  longer  and  Btron){t'r  than  tliird,  ahortcr  than 
tho  Hoft  rayH;  poct«>i'al  iino  uiodvrnto,  roaciiing  bryond  tipn  of  vc^ntraln, 
paHt  tint  vent,  :H  in  body.  Koik'h  of  hWuH  thin;  prrocular,  Htipraoniliir, 
poHtocuhir,  tympanic,  and  parietal  HplneH  i>roNont,  nlundur,  Hharp,  tlic 
rid^t'H  tliin,  riitVicr  hi^h,  pariotal  boncH  well  Hf|)aratud;  interorbital  ttparc 
narrow,  5^  in  base  of  Hknll,  concave,  with  '2  Hnnill  ridguH  over  mucous 
canalH;  ventral  procoH8  of  baHinphonoid  well  developed;  mcBcthmoiil 
proceHHCM  compressed,  Htrouj{ly  elevated  (at  an  au>i;le  of  about  i'y');  base 
of  Hkiill  very  nearly  straight,  ilright  orange  red,  tlie  young  Htronglv 
tinged  or  niottic«l  with  golden  yellow;  Itack  with  I  pale  H]>otH,  arran^eil 
precisely  as  in  <S.  vonxti  llaliis,  rhoduvhlorU,  and  vldorottUvtm;  these  always 
very  distinct,  of  a  rose-pink  c<dur,  or  sometimes  almost  white;  the  darker 
border  around  them  is  of  a  decj)  ])urplo  or  lilood  color,  never  greenish ;  tins 
roay,  mottled  with  orange;  head  with  radiating  stripes  of  orange  and 
rosy;  nape  with  alternating  bars  of  yellowish  and  deep  red,  the  colors 
blending;  no  decided  green,  and  no  small  pink  spots  anywhere;  p«>rito- 
neum  blackish.  I  ongth  12  inches.  Coast  of  California,  San  Diego  to 
Ban  Franciaco,  \c  rather  tleep  water ;  the  most  abundant  of  the  red  species, 
aud  one  of  the  siualleat;  coloration  very  brilliant,     {roaacius,  rosy.) 

Sebastes  roaaeeus,  Girard,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  IMilln.,  vu,  1854, 146,  and  iu  U.  8.  I'oc.  U.  U 
Sui'v.,X,  FIhIiub,  78,  pi.  21,  1808  (poor  ilKuro,  I'roiu  a  Hpeciiiion  in  bad  condition),  San 
Diego;  San  Francisco  (('oil.  A.  Cassidy  and  Dr.  Nowltorry);  (rONTiiEU,  Cat.,  n,  08. 

Bebattes  helvitmaculatui,  Ayrks,  Froc.  Cal.  Au.  Hci.,  n,  1859, 26,  f.  8,  San  Francisco.    (Coll. 
W.O.  AyruR.) 

Sebastodet  .os'ceti.i,  Jordan  *  Gu.bkrt,  Synopsis,  066,  1883|  Cramer,  Proo.  Cal.  Ac.  .Sci., 
aoric-  j,  -  ,  1805,  608,  pi.  0:t,  fig.  20. 

2211.  SKBAST0DE8  AYRE8II,  Gilborl  &  Crnmor. 

Head  2i;  depth  2it.  D.  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  6;  lateral  lino  (pores)  42  to  11 ; 
transverse  rows  of  scales  43.  Very  closely  related  to  Schaatodes  roaacviiK, 
but  the  supraorbital  ridge  lower,  thicker,  aud  without  si>iue.    Body  oblong, 


on  upper  angle  of  gill  opening;  head  below  orbit  pink,  with  bronze  bar  througli  ciiopU ; 
maxillary  pink,  witli  a  median  bronze  Htreali;  nioniliraneH  of  niuxillaries  cliielly  bronze; 
lower  surface  of  iiead  rose  colored;  breast  yellowisli  pink,  abdomen  nearly  wliite;  iirc;! 
alwve  anal  yellowish;  dorsal  light blnish  pink,  clouded  witli  bronze,  the  rays  of  all  tlie 
other  tins  pink,  the  m«mbrau«s  brouse.  Lengtli  about  11  iuvb«s.  Coronu<io  Islands. 
iflsrtvu,  bronze.) 


fordan  and  livcrmaiin, — Fishes  of  North  Anutiia.      IH(M) 

not  iiiiu!li  rliniitiMl,  itH  witlth  nl>..ut  '1  in  itn  «l<tpMi.  <  >rliit  liir^i*,  \\\  in  linitl ; 
Niiont  alioiit  li  ill  orbit.  Inttuoiliitiil  .H|>aru  loiiciivo,  2  in  orltit,  witli  » 
inctliiin  f;i'<M>vo  iKinlorml  Ity  a  piiir  of  lidurM  divurKin^  hiirliwunl.  Cmniitl 
liil^tH  wi'll  iluv«*ln|i«Ml,  tiio  pi'iMirniiir,  poNtmnliir,  tynipmiir,  nml  purii^liil 
Npint'H  pr«*H<Mit,  Hliiirp.  Mouth  ninilomtin  Juwh  iilMuit  «M|nul,  uiaxillidy 
iilMMitL'A  in  Ih'iuI,  roiii'liinK  to  vurtinil  Irnni  poNtrrior  lionlt^r  of  pnpil;  tlio 
loworjaw  with  u  nnuill  nynipliyHnal  knoli.  'I'ln-  nppiT  proopttn-nlar  Hpin*>« 
iiitarly  <'<|ual,  Hhiirp  an«l  ionm,  tli<«  tliini  HJiortfi'  an«l  IiioimI;  lowur  opor- 
rular  Hpino  liori/.ontal,  tlio  npp(tr  larger  lintl  tlir«)'t«<<l  sonicwiiiit  upwanl. 
<iill  rakiTH  nuulrratu,  thi^  InnKi'Nt  altont  :t  in  orliit,  21  on  iiori/.ontai  linib  of 
lirst  iircli.  Htalt^H  nioduratc,  cMtnoid,  nccosHory  Niaius  niiiii«TouH,  mun(lil>lM 
naked;  intcrorliital  Hpuc*s  prt^orititulH,  nnixillaritm,  tlio  rayn  of  tln<  dornal, 
ainil  and  <'andal  Hhh,  and  tli»  nindian  raynof  tin)  prctoralH  Hialy.  Konrtli 
doFHal  ruy  lon^ont,  ahont  2^  in  iiuad,  tlie  twtdfth  about  2\  in  tliu  fonitb, 
lliMdurHai  layH  HborttT  tlum  thn  lon^imt  Hpini'H;  Hucond  auul  H)dnu  nniuli 
lon^or  nntl  Htron^t-r  tinin  tbird,  about  2  in  litMid,  tliu  rayn  uqual  to  tbe  WiV- 
ondnpin*);  caudal  Hli^litly  tMnar^inatf;  pcctoralH  niodiTutt-,  ruacbinf;  a 
littUtboyond  vont,  tb«)  nusdian  layH  iouKust,  \\\  in  loii^tb  of  b(»dy,  baH«  of 
I'm  u  little  b'HH  tban  orbit,  the  7  luwur  rayH  Hiin]do,  Honiewbat  thick- 
tuH'd;  ventral  rayH  rt'acbin^  vont.  ('olor  in  ulrobol,  likt>  S,  lOHariun; 
dark  ItrowniHb  ubuvu,  paler  >)ulo\v  ;  UHniall  pab'  piukiHb  spot  innnt'diutcly 
Miid«T  buHo  of  fourth  «b>rHal  H|>inc,  and  another  Hinall  one  inuut'diatcly 
under  ba^o  of  idy^htb  Hpinc;  a  tliini  hir;;<-r  spot  just  above  lateral  lin«-  and 
under  the  ninth  spino;  »  fourth  Hpot  innnt^diately  under  t\w  tirnt,  and  a 
lifth  under  the  biHt  dortial  rays;  peritoneum  (Uirk  brown,  speckled  with 
black  dotH.  DiHtin^niHhod  from  StbuHlodiH  losariun  by  thr  abHcut-o  of  the 
Hupruocular  spine.  Lenj^th  9  inrheH.  Coastof  California,  One  specimen 
taken  on  a  trawl  line  ut  Corte/  Manka,  near  San  Diejro.  (Nuniod  for  the 
late  l)r,  William  ().  Ayros,  of  8an  Francisco,  an  excellent  naturulist,  one 
of  tbe  pioneers  in  the  study  of  the  fauna  of  California.) 

Scb(t»to<lfii  aiiri-nii,  ( iii.iiEUT  \  CiiAMKU,  I'roc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Miih.  18iW,  4.')0,  Cortez  Banks,  near 
San  Diego.    (Type,  \o.  47744.     CoW.  AlbatroM.) 

Si'il'i.  NKnANTUl»i:s  KIIODOC'IILOItlK  (Jordan  .V^  Uill)«rt). 
(Fly-fish.) 

Head  2i;  depth  3.  D.  XIII,  14;  A.  Ill,  0;  lateral  lino  08,  the  ncceBsory 
scales  very  numerous.  Body  oblong,  more  olon j^ate  than  in  related  species ; 
maxillary  2^  in  head,  roachin^r  Iteyond  pnpil;  jaws  about  equal;  pre- 
orbital  luirrow.  Kye  very  large,  Hi  in  head.  Preopercuhir  spines  lonjj. 
(iill  rakers  as  in  S.  ronactus  ;  mandible  Hnely  scaled  near  tbe  base.  Dorsal 
(in  moderately  einurginate,  lower  than  in  roHnveita,  longest  spine  nearly  3 
in  head;  soft  dorsal  as  high  as  spines;  caudal  slightly  notched;  second 
anal  spine  longer  than  in  any  other  species,  longer  than  maxillary,  higher 
than  soft  rays,  ^  length  of  head;  ])ectoral  reaching  past  ventrals,  nearly 
to  anal,  3i  in  body.  Skull  long  and  narrow,  the  bones  thin ;  preocular, 
supraocular,  postocmlar,  tympanic,  and  parietal  spines  present,  long, 
slender,  sharp,  the  ridges  thin,  high,  x)arictal  bones  well  separated,  inter- 


fe 


1 


y>w. 


'i! 


1810         DuUetin  ^7,  United  States  National  Afuseiim. 


ti. 


orbital  space  narrow,  6  in  base  of  Hl<nll,  luss  than  lengtli  of  Bupraocular 
ridge,  deeply  coucave,  tlie  Hiipraociilar  ridges  high  at  the  sides  and  a  deep 
depresHion  betwe«Mi  tlie  ridges  over  the  mucous  canals;  ventral  process  of 
basisplienoid  well  developed;  mcsethnioid  processes  compressed,  thin, 
elevated,  but  not  as  strongly  as  in  Sthaatodea  rosacvuH;  base  of  skull 
straight.  iJright,  dear  rose-re.l,  witliout  trace  of  piirplisli ;  region  above 
lateral  line  with  much  deep  green  in  tlie  form  of  ret'culating  strealis; 
below  lateral  line  the  green  gives  place  to  bright  golden  yellow  similarly 
mixed  with  red;  top  of  head  with  cross  Itands  of  green  and  red;  green 
streaks  radiating  from  the  eye;  1  bright  paht  pink  spots  on  aides  of  back, 
arranged  precisely  as  in  rosutriiH,  vonsMUiluB,  and  vliloroatictua,  the  color 
brighter  than  in  these,  surrounded  by  rings  of  green,  without  any  trace  ol 
purplish  shading;  a  pink  opercular  spot;  a  pale  area  behind  eye;  tins  all 
with  the  rays  red,  the  membranes  »dive  or  golden;  peritoneum  dusky. 
Length  12  inches.  Off  Monterey  and  San  Francisco,  in  deep  water; 
rare.     {fJoSov,  rose;  ^Acj/aos,  green.) 

SebastichthyM  rhodochlori'^,  JonnAN  &.  Gii.bebt,  Proc.  IT.  S.Nat. Mus.  1880, 144,  Monterey 

Bay,  Californii.     (Typo,  No.26!)07.    Coll.  Jordan  \  (;ill)(!rt  ) 
Hebattodes  rhodochlorit,  JouuAN  &  Gn,BEKT,  Synopsis,  667,  1883. 

2218.  SEBASTODES  EOS,  EiKonmaiin  &  Eigenmann. 

Head  21  (3  to  3,'j  in  total  length) ;  depth  .3  (3.1  to  3!f).  D.  XIII,  13i;  A. 
HI,  (U ;  lateral  line  37.  Hody  oblong.  Lower  Jaw  included,  its  symphyseal 
knob  strong;  maxillary  reaching  beyond  eye,  2  in  head.  Orbit  i  in  snout, 
little  more  than  4  times  in  head,  greater  than  interorbital  width.  Inter- 
orbital  deeply  concave,  grooved  medially,  .5A  in  head.  Cranial  ridges  very 
high  and  narrow,  ending  in  prominent  spinee;  pr^ocular,  supraoculiir, 
and  tympanic  spines  directed  outward  and  backward;  postocular  upward 
and  backward;  occipital  ridges  in  largest  8i)eciniens  (5  mm.  high,  the  v- 
gicm  between  them  depressed ;  operculiir  and  preopcircular  spines  long  aad 
strong.  Preorbital  little  less  than  i  width  of  orbit,  with  a  single,  ilat, 
downward  directed  spine  at  its  posterior  angle.  Gill  rakers  all  short,  the 
longest  ^  orbital  diameter.  Mandible,  maxillary,  and  snout,  except  a 
median  triangular  spot,  scaly;  accessory  scales  very  numerous  on  jheeks 
and  opercles.  Spinous  dorsal  deeply  incised,  the  membrane  of  fifth  spine 
meeting  sixth  spine  near  its  basal  fourth,  less  deeply  incised  in  smaller 
specimens,  highest  spine  2  to  2i  in  head ;  highest  dorsal  ray  2^  to  3  in 
head;  second  anal  spine  2|  to  3  in  head;  highest  anal  ray  2^  to  2J;  pec- 
torals reaching  to  twelfth  dorsal  spine,  4|  to  5  in  total  length.  Color 
marks  all  having  a  washed  or  faded  appearance;  body  and  head  intense 
rose  pink;  back  and  dorsal  tin  indistinctly  marked  with  raw  sienna;  tins 
cfdored  like  body;  3  pink  spots,  1  below  origin  of  soft  dorsal,  1  below  its 
end,  and  1  abovelateral  line  below  ninth  dorsal  spine ;  membranes  between 
maxillaries  saturn  red ;  peritoneum  perfectly  white,  or  luon*  or  less  dusky. 
Length  about  22  inches.  Coast  of  southern  California,  Point  Loma,  San 
Diego,  in  100  fathoms.     (Eigenmann  &  Eigenmann.)    (>)&»?,  dawn.) 

Sebastodes  eos,  Eigenmann  &  Eioenmann,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  189U,  18,  Point  Lorna,  near  San 
Diego.    (Coll,  (J.  U.  Eigunuiaiiu. ) 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1811 


2214.  KKBASTOD'-IS  UlIiLI,  KiKuiitnann  \  Ki^*  nniann. 

Head  3  (3i  to  tip  of  caudal) ;  depth  3  (3A).  1^.  XIII,  \\\\ ;  A,  III,  1\ ;  lat- 
eral. i;n»«  (pores)  14  or  If).  8iu)ut  very  hroad,  blunt.  Mouth  veryohliipie, 
the  preniBxilliiry  on  a  level  with  superior  ed^^o  of  pupil.  Or''it  1  in  snout, 
lito4.i  in  head,  a  little  gn-ater  than  iuterorbital;  interorbital  nearly  evenly 
concave,  the  median  groove  shallow;  lower  Jaw  projecting  and  entering 
profile,  without  syniphyseal  knob;  prolilo  nearly  straight  to  origin  of  <lor- 
sal  fin,  not  steep;  maxillary  reachiiig  posterior  edge  of  i.upil,  a  in  head; 
preocular,  supraocular,  iiostocular,  occipital,  and  nuchal  spines  sliarp; 
the  first  4  very  short  and  broad,  the  supraocular  spine  about  2\  in 
iuterorbital ;  occipital  spines  very  high  and  stout;  nuchal  spines  almost 
continuous  with  occipital;  opercular  and  preopercular  spines  lon^  and 
strong,  the  3  8uperi«)r  ])reopercular  conical,  directed  backward,  the  other 
2  Hat,  triangular,  downward  and  backward;  preorbital  with  a  sharp,  sub- 
conical  anterior  .npinc,  r.ud  terminating  posteriorly  in  a  similar  but  larger 
spine;  maxillary  with  a  few  scales  superiorly  on  its  median  third;  inter- 
maxillary i)and  of  teeth  shallow  in  front,  5  in  orbit;  snout  either  naked 
oi  with  ii  few  scattered  i>atches  of  scales;  mandible  entirely  naked. 
Scales  strongly  ctenoid;  accessory  scales  very  numer(ui8  everywhere, 
especially  so  on  cheeks;  scales  of  head  slightly  ciliate,  de]»ies8t,d;  mem- 
branes of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  with  minute  scales  on  basal  half  of  lins;  a 
few  scales  basally  on  spinous  dorsal.  Vonieriiic^  teeth  in  ji  V-ahaped  patch; 
;)aiuL:ne  band  of  teeth  short,  4  in  orbit.  Gill  r.ikers  very  short,  ^  to  \ 
orbital  diameter,  9-f  17  or  18.  Spinous  dorsal  low,  the  highest  spine  2\  to 
2i  in  head,  the  lin  deeply  notched,  the  highest  ray  about  equal  to  highest 
spine;  caudal  tnincat*!;  second  anal  stouter  and  about  as  long  as  third. 
Buccal  iind  <»percular  cavities  and  peritoneum  white,  sparsely  dotted  with 
black;  ventral  surface  light  geranium  red,  shading  into  scarlet  on  tail; 
dorsal  surface  rather  closely  covered  with  small  l)r«)nze,  roundish  spots, 
which  <!Xtoiid  upon  the  membrane  of  soft  dftrsal  lin  and  a  few  on  spinous 
dorsal ;  series  of  continent  bronze  spots  forming  radiating  streaks  or  bands 
on  sides  of  head,  1  extending  from  eye  to  upper  angh;  of  gill  opening,  1 
to  tip  of  lower  opercular  spine,  which  is  continued  upon  the  shoulder  as  a 
conspicuous  blotch,  I  to  lower  angle  of  opeiclo,  I  downward  and  slightly 
backward  across  cheek;  lower  lip  and  anterior  part  of  maxillary  dusky; 
a  few  consiiicuous  spots  on  base  of  pectoral ;  all  the  dark  markings  becom- 
ing blackish  and  persisting  in  spirits,  the  radiating  streaks  of  the  head 
especially  conspicuous  in  the  alcoholic  specimen;  a  light  sjiot  under  last 
dorsal  spine;  1  on  opercular  <lap.  Length  about  23  inches.  Point  Lonia, 
near  San  Diego,  California.  (Eigenmann  &  Eigenuianu.)  (Named  for 
Dr.  Theodore  Gill.) 

Sehatloile/i  fjilli,  Eioknmann  &  Kkjenmann,  Amor.  Naturalist,  Feb.,  1891,  154,  Point  Loma, 
iiuar  San  Diego,  California.     (Coll.  Dr.  EigciiiiiHnii.) 

2215.  SKBASTODKS  Clll.OUOSTICTIJS  (Jordan  &  Gilbert). 

(Pesca  Vkumioma.) 

Head  2i ;  depth  2J.    D.  XIII,  13 ;  A.  Ill,  G ;  lateral  line  r>0.     Body  oblong. 
Head  moderate,  profile  rather  steep,  with  a  nearly  even  slope.    Mouth 


•"1-,  i:- 


'•I'm 


I'V 


I 


i 


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im 


'tHfc} 

fjf' 


1812         Bulleti7i  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


largo,  obliqno;  mftxillaryrcacliing  to  behind  tho  pupil,  itrt  lengtli  al)ont21 
in  head;  |>reiiiaxillary  in  front  below  tho  level  of  the  larg«*  eye,  whicsh  is 
3J  in  head.  Jaws  eqnal  in  cloHed  month,  tip  of  lower  fitting  into  eiiiar- 
ginnte  upper  jaw ;  a  rather  conHpicMioiis  8yni])hyHeal  knob.  Preorbital 
Hinuate.  Preoperciilar  Hpines  rather  sharp,  second  longest;  opercular 
spinitH  Hharp.  Gill  rakers  long  and  rather  strong,  not  clavate,  the  longcHt 
about  t  diameter  of  eye,  longer  than  in  related  species.  Scales  on  head 
fewer  than  iu  S.  conaUHatiiii;  snout  wholly  naked ;  maxillary  partly  scaleil ; 
mandible  iiakcd.  Dorsal  spines  very  high,  nearly  as  high  as  in  vrxillarin, 
the  fourth  highest,  nearly  |  head,  higher  than  soft,  rays,  which  are  also 
considerably  elevated;  dorsal  tin  rather  deeply  omarginate;  caudal  tin 
emarginate;  anal  tin  not  very  high,  its  second  spine  much  higher  and 
stronger  than  third,  about  as  high  as  the  soft  rays,  2^  in  head;  pectorals 
3i  in  length,  with  moderate  base,  reaching  beyond  tips  of  \entrals,  about 
to  vent.  Bones  of  skull  thin ;  preocular,  supraocular,  postocular,  tym- 
panic, and  parietal  s])ine8  present,  strong,  long,  .and  sharp,  the  ridges  strong 
and  high;  parietal  bones  well  separated ;  interorbital  space  4f  in  base  of 
skull,  concave,  the  ridges  over  mucous  ]>ores  high  and  thin;  ventral  pro- 
cess of  basisphenoid  well  develojjed;  mesethmoid  processes  compressed, 
moderately  elevated;  base  of  skull  nearly  straight.  Olivaceous  above, 
sides  pinkish  and  golden;  4  roundish  spots  of  pi  nlaced  as  in  S.  con- 
stvUatus  and  S.  rosaciiis,  but  less  distiuct;  a  plak  i.otch  on  opercular  Hap; 
upper  parts  of  the  bodj',  from  just  below  lateral  line,  closely  covered  with 
small  round  siiots  of  a  clear  olive  green,  these  spots  most  distiuct  on  back 
and  top  of  head;  on  sides  of  body,  just  above  and  below  lateral  line,  those 
spots  form  2  continuous  series,  following  course  of  lateral  line;  eyes 
above  with  green  spots ;  fins  nearly  plaiu  red ;  base  of  dorsal  spotted  with 
olive.  The  preorbital  sjiines  can  not  bo  used  to  distinguish  this  species 
from  S.  (08,  Eigenmann.  If  the  two  are  distinct,  they  are  distinguishable 
by  the  scaliness  of  the  maxillary  and  mandible,  the  length  of  the  second 
anal  spine,  and  tho  color  of  the  peritoneum.  Length  15  inches.  Pacific 
Coast  of  California  from  San  Diego  to  Siin  Francisco;  abundant  in  deep 
water;  a  very  pretty  fish,     (x^-copoi,  green ',  (Jrzxroj,  spotted.) 

Sebattiehthys  chloroatietut,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  18P0, 234,  Monterey 

Bay,  California.    (Type,  Ko.  20964.    Coll.  Jorilnii  &  Oilbert.) 
Sebastodes  chlorostictu*,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis, 668, 1883;  Cbauki  ,  I'roo. Cal.  Ac. 

Sci.,  series  2,  V,  1895,  599,  pi.  63,  lig.  21. 


221G.  SEBASTODES  RUPESTBIS  (Gilbert). 

Head  2J;  depth  2f'  to  3.  D.  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  lateral  line  31  (pores), 
about  (50  vertical  series  counted  above  lateral  line.  Eye  2if  in  head,  longer 
than  snout  or  interorbital  space;  the  latter  narrow,  conc.ive,  without 
ridges,  the  least  width  |  orbit.  Maxillary  reaching  beyond  nnddle  of 
pupil,  2i  iu  head;  jaws  equal,  tip  of  lower  jaw  scarcely  projecting;  teeth 
in  very  nan'ow  bands  in  jaws  and  on  vomer  .and  palaliies.  Preorbital 
very  narrow,  its  least  Avidth  less  th.an  J  pupil,  lob.ato  anu  -vithout  spines. 
Supr.aocular  ridge  short;  nas.al,  praocular,  supraocular,  postocular,  tyin- 
paaic,  occipital,  uud  nuchal  spines  present,  the  ridges  of  modei'ute  height, 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     181 ! 


'■'I 


il  !:' 


eyes 


teeth 


but  the  Hpii)«<s,  especijiUy  postoeiilar  and  tyinpaiiic,  strong;  pieocular 
ridge  hut  little  con8]iiuuouH,  the  siiino  much  smaller  than  in  SvhusUnU* 
aincnaia  and  f<eho8tod(8  zaccntriia.  Spines  <m  shoulder  little  <level()ped ; 
opereuhir  spines  rather  weak;  preopercular  spines  small,  the  2  upper 
directed  backward,  the  others  downwani  and  Jmckwan^.  Dorsal  tins 
not  deeply  notched,  the  longest  spine  3  in  head,  the  twelfth  i  its  length ; 
unit  dorsal  not  high;  caudal  truncate;  second  anal  spine  longer  and 
stronger  than  third,  as  long  as  soft  rays,  hut  not  reaching  their  tips  when 
the  flu  is  declined,  2J  in  head;  pectorals  short,  1)1  to  2  iu  head,  reaching 
liej'oud  ventrals,  hut  usually  not  to  vent.  Scales  rough  ctenoid;  snout 
naked  or  nearly  eo;  scales  on  maxillary  and  mandihlo  minute  and  smooth, 
little  evident,  those  on  hreast  rough;  tins  invested  in  a  thick  menihrane 
covered  with  tine  scales.  Color  sis  iu  Schaaloiica  zticentvus,  but  usually 
wit'  2  elongate  black  streaks  beh)W  lateral  line;  a  black  l)lotch  on  middle 
ofventrals;  a  bar  at  base  of  pectorals  and  in  axil;  iieritoncum  black; 
buccal  and  gill  cavities  white  or  slightly  dusky.  Coast  of  California,  in 
deep  water.  A  single  specimen,  5  inches  long,  of  this  species  was 
obtained  at  Albatroaa  Station,  3189  in  218  fathoms,  and  it  is  evidently 
allied  to  the  roaacms  group,  but  is  without  the  pink  spots.  Below  the 
lateral  line  is  a  single  black  streak,  Avhich  grows  more  intense  opposite 
the  dark  vertical  bars.  The  interorbital  space  contains  2  low  inconspicu- 
ous ridges,  its  width  is  contained  2^  times  iu  diameter  of  eye.  No  spine 
or  a  very  weak  one  at  lower  angle  of  subopercle.  Five  specimens,  the 
longest  oi  inches  from  the  Santa  Barbara  Islands.  (Gilbert.)  (nqnatris, 
living  about  rocks.) 

Scbastichthys  itipestris,  Gilbert,  I'ruc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1890,  76.  Santa  Barbara  Islands, 
at  Albatross  Station  2946,  Lat.  33°  58'  N.,  Long,  iig^  30'  45"  W.,  in  150  fathoms. 
(Type,  No.  48241.) 

Subgenus  HISPANISCUS,  Cramer. 

2217.  SEBAST0DE8  SINfi^Sil^^  (Gilbert). 

Head  2^;  depth  3.  D.  XIII,  12;  A.  Ill,  5;  lateral  line  40  to  45  (tubes) ; 
eye  very  large,  2f  to  3  in  head;  snout  4|  to  5  iu  head,  liody  short  and 
deep,  heavy  anteriorly,  with  slender  caudal  peduncle ;  mouth  large,  nuix- 
illary  reaching  beyond  pupil,  2k  in  head,  its  greatest  width  less  than  i  its 
greatest  length;  jaws  about  e(inal,  the  lower  mostly  included  within  the 
up])er,  but  the  tip  titting  into  a  notch  between  iutermaxillaries,  and  with 
a  somewhat  projecting  symphyseal  knob ;  teeth  present  on  vomer  and  in 
a  long  slender  patch  on  palatines ;  interorbital  space  rather  narrow,  cou- 
cave,  with  a  pair  of  low  ridges,  its  width  6  in  head.  Nasal  spines  pres- 
ent; preocular  spines  strong,  triangular,  directed  outward;  supri^ocular 
ridges  low,  butevident,  diverging  posteriorly,  ending  in  strong  spines ;  tym- 
panic and  occipital  spines  also  strong;  upper  3  preoperctilar  spines  e(]ual 
in  length,  placed  close,  and  usually  nearly  parallel,  directed  backward; 
lower  2  small,  directed  downward  and  backward;  2  opercular,  2  supra- 
scapular, and  2  or  3  strong  preorbital  spines  present.  Gill  rakers  slender, 
the  longest  i;  orbit,  21  on  anterior  limb  of  outer  arch.  Spines  rather  high 
and  strong,  the  dorsal  moderately  notched,  the  highest  spine  2J^  in  head, 
about  eiiual  to  soft  rays,  the  lowest  nearly  ^  its  height;  membranes  not 


'  rt 


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i  I 


Tpf*?^^5^^HiHMHEraSH!raB!^i?^raE«!B 


ly 


m 


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111 


1814         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Muscmn. 


deeply  incifled;  secotid  anal  spine  longer  and  stronger  than  third  or  tlum 
any  of  dorsal  HpinoH  an<l  longer  than  aual  rayH,  its  length  ahont  {  head; 
caudal  slightly  lunate,  A  head;  pectorals  reacliiug  slightly  beyond  vent, 
the  lower  rays  not  thickened,  th'i  fiii  1;,'  in  head;  ventral  spine  as  long  as 
soft  rays,  2^^  in  head.  Scales  Hnia^l,  1  ot  re;,'ularly  imbricated,  smooth  and 
cycloid,  exc<fj>t  those  on  occipnt  ami  ;i  nnv  along  lateral  line  on  posterior 
part  of  body;  snout  naked,  niaxilli'.ry  and  mandible  only  ]>artly  scaled ; 
soft  rays  of  all  tlie  tins  covered  with  scries  of  small  scales.  I'ale  below, 
dusky  above,  blotched  with  reddish  and  black;  a  blackish  blotch  on 
opercle;  fins  dull  reddish,  irregularly  nuirked  with  bbickish,  the  caudal 
mostly  red,  sometimes  with  a  blackish  tenitinal  bar;  cavity  of  mouth  and 
gill  chamber  and  peritoneum  Jet-black.  Two  specimens,  the  largest  7 
inches  long.  Gulf  of  California,  iu  deep  water.  (Gilbert.)  (simcmsjs,  liv- 
ing in  the  gulf.) 

iSchattielithi/t  ginensis,  Gilbeiit,  Troc.  V.  S.  Nnt.  ^Uxn.  1890, 81,  Gulf  of  California,  at  Alba- 
tross Station  3015,  Lat.  29"  N.,  Long.  113°  W.,  in  145  fathoms.  (Typo,  No.  4308'). 
Coll.  Gilbert.) 


:l  ill 


m 


I'm 


■M' 


2218.  SKRASTOIIKS  ZACEXTllUS  ((.ilbort). 

IIead2i;  depth  1^;  caudal  peduncle  narrow,  ;{*  in  dej)<^h  of  body.  1). 
XIII,  14  or  15;  A.  Ill,  7  or  «;  tubes  of  lateral  line  about  12,  70  vertical 
series  above  lateral  lino.  Body  elongate.  Mouth  moderate,  maxillary 
reaching  vertical  from  middle  of  pupil,  2^  iu  head;  lower  Jaw  slightly 
the  longer,  the  tip  with  a  small  knob;  teeth  in  very  narrow  bands.  Eyt; 
much  longer  than  snout,  3  to  'iii  in  head.  Intentrbital  space  narrow, 
somewhat  concave,  Iji  iu  diameter  of  orbit;  prcorbital  extremely  narrow, 
its  least  width  f  pupil.  Ridges  on  head  low,  but  sharp,  the  spincH 
rather  strong;  ]»ieocular  ridge  strong,  triangular,  ending  in  a  stronj; 
outwardly  directed  spine;  nasal,  preocular,  supraocular,  tympanic,  occijii- 
tal,  and  sometimes  nuchal  spines  present;  2  spines  on  shoulder,  2  on 
opercle,  and  the  usual  5  <m  preopercle,  this  latti-r  directed  backward;  i)re- 
orbital  lobate,  but  without  spines.  Gill  rakers  long,  very  slender,  .J 
diametcrof  orbit,  2Gpre,senton  anterior  limb  of  outcrarch.  Spinous  dorsal 
low,  with  strong  spines,  the  longest  2^^  to  2i  in  head;  notch  between  dor- 
sals rather  sh.-illow,  the  shortest  spine  more  tliiiu  i  the  longest;  soft  rays 
about  ecpialing  the  spines;  caudal  truncate  or  slightly  emarginate,  I3  in 
head;  second  aual  spine  very  long,  usually  longer  and  stronger  than 
thii'd,  curved,  lA  to  1*  in  head,  reaching  to  <»r  beyond  tijis  of  soft  rays  in 
declined  lin;  ventrals  reaching  beyond  vent,  I'i  in  head;  i)ectorals  reach- 
ing nearly  to  front  of  anal,  1^  in  h«'ad,  the  lin  not  procnrront,  the  lower 
half  with  greatly  thickened  rays.  Scales  large,  rough  ctenoid,  those  on 
maxillary,  mandible,  and  breast  smoother.  Five  vaguely  defined  black 
bars  on  back,  1  downward  from  nap*;  and  front  of  dorsal,  2  approximateti 
under  spinims  dorsal,  1  under  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  and  1  on  cau«lal 
peduncle;  those  under  dorsal  encroach  more  or  less  on  the  fin ;  all  but  the 
first  continued  bi'low  lateral  line  on  middle  of  sides,  the  third  interrupted 
above  lateral  line;  2  black  strt-aks  backward  from  eye,  the  upper  termi- 
nating in  a  conspicuous  black  blotch  on  i)percle,  the  lower  ending  on  sub- 


Jordan  and  Ilvcrwann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1815 


(.     I 


opiTcli';  cuuiliil  iiiiiiiarkt'd  or  with  im  oliHcuif  tluHky  im-diiin  Moich; 
otht-r  tiiiH  iiiiinai'krtl;  u  I'liint  diiHky  axillary  Motth;  sides  inarketl  witb 
S0I1K1  red  in  lif«<;  loof  of  nioutli  postoriorly  dusky,  Imuu'ji!  nud  Itriincliial 
cavities  otluTwiso  v'-"'.,  peritoiioum  Jot-Mack.  Coast  of  California. 
Types,  3  spociiueiiK,  5.i  to  (51  in<-hes  lonj;,  from  the  Santa  Barbara  Islands,  in 
1 15  and  150  fathoms.  ((JillM-rt.)  (?(i,  an  intensive  particle,  and  Hevrpoi', 
spino,  strong-spiued.) 
Dr.  Gilbert  observes: 

Sovoral  Hiu'clineiiH  wero  taken  iiorlli  of  Point  Ueyes  (»n  tlio  cotiHt  of  ('alifornin,  ntdoptlm 
(if  75  anil  51  fallionis  (Mbatrogs  StatiouH,  ;i;i50  and  :i:i51).  The  HOcoud  anal  N]iint<  in  alwa.vH 
very  larKO,  Init  fretini'nfly  fails  to  roacli  iijiMof  Moft  anal  rayH  wliun  dopressnl,  tluiH  ditl'ur- 
iiijr  from  the  type  Hpecinu<UH.    The  deptli  is  also  gn^atcr,  3  instead  of  'S\  in  length. 

Scba»lichth}/t  zacentrun,  Gu-Hkht,  Troc.  T.  S.  Xat.  Mas.  1890,  77,  Santa  Barbara  Islands, 
at  Albatross  Stations,  3893  and  2996,  in  145  and  150  fathoms.  (Type,  No.  48243- 
Coll.  Gilbert.) 

2210.   SKKA»ST(U>KS  KLOXIATI'S  (Ayres). 

(Ueina.) 

Head  2'! ;  depth  3i^;  pectoral  '.ik.  D.  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  6;  scales  .58.  Body 
more  elongate  than  in  any  of  the  other  species  (except  paudspiu'm),  com- 
pressed. Head  long,  rather  pointed.  Mouth  large;  maxillary  extending 
to  posterior  margin  of  pupil,  its  length  2^^  in  head;  prcmaxillary  on  level 
of  lower  margin  of  orbit ;  lower  Jaw  strongly  projecting.  Eye  very  largo, 
longer  than  snout,  3jt  in  head;  interorbital  space  broad,  concave,  with  low 
frontal  ridges.  Preopereular  spines  very  sharp,  all  pointed,  directed  back- 
ward ;  opercular  spines  very  long  and  sharp.  Gill  rakers  long  and  strong, 
the  longest  about  \  the  eye.  Scales  largo,  not  very  rough;  accessory 
scales  numerous;  maxillary,  mandible,  and  preorbital  scaly.  Dorsal 
spines  moderately  high,  rather  strong,  the  highest  about  ec^ual  to  soft  rays, 
2|  in  bead,  the  fiu  not  dee))ly  emarginate ;  caudal  iin  lunate ;  anal  fin  ratlu'r 
low,  second  spine  A  length  of  bead,  much  longer  than  third,  higher  than 
soft  rays;  pectorals  moderately  broad,  long,  reaching  beyond  tips  of  shoit 
ventrals  to  vent.  Skull  long,  bones  thin,  preocular,  postocular,  tympanic, 
and  parietal  spines  present,  slender,  sharp,  the  ridges  moderately  devel- 
oped ;  sometimes  suiuaocular  spines  present  and  distinct ;  parietal  bones 
widely  separated;  interorbital  space  long  and  narrow,  5^  in  base  of  bkull, 
moderately  concave ;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  well  developed,  mos- 
ethmoid  jirocesses  compressed,  slightly  elevated;  base  of  skull  somewhat 
curved.  Gill  rakers  9  or  10  +  20  to  22,  extending  full  length  of  arch. 
In  the  yonng  the  lateral  stripes  are  broken  up  into  smaller  blotches,  the 
interruptions  to  the  dorsal  stripe  loaving  a  series  of  saddle-like  blotches 
along  the  br.ck,  which  correspoud  in  position  with  those  of  S,  auxUolu, 
There  is  1  under  first  dorsal  spines,  1  under  middle,  and  1  under  end  of 
spinous  dorsal,  1  under  soft  dorsal,  and  1  on  back  of  caudal  peduncle. 
This  correspondence  is  interesting  in  connection  with  similar  c<dor  marks 
discovered  in  the  young  of  S.  diploproa  and  those  known  to  occur  in  the 
young  of  the  rosacimH  group.  Color  light  red;  sides  above  with  irregular 
horizontal  interrupted  olive-green  bauds,  which  are  more  or  less  broken 


•;^ 


.-■,.    r. 


\  » 


^p^ir 


"H^ 


01 


1816  Bulletin  ^7,  Ignited  States  National  Mnseum. 


iuto  blotches,  2  of  these  bands  billow  latorul  line,  bocoiniiig  conlluent 
behind;  a  distinct  pale  baixl  following  course  of  lateral  line;  upper  fins 
blotched  with  olive,  lower  pale  red;  heud  olive  and  blotched  above,  pule 
red  below;  chin  black;  peritoneum  dusky.  I.eu^rth  12  inches.  Coast  of 
California,  from  San  1  )i«go  to  San  Francisco ;  not  rare  in  rather  deep  water. 
This  spoc'ies  bears  considerable  reseuiblance  to  Sibuxtodtii pro'iinr.  {clou- 
yatiiD,  elongated.) 

Sebantcs  eloiiijatiis,  Avkkh,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  n,  1850,  20,  ti^.  0,  San  Francisco.    (Coll. 

Dr.W.  O.  A.vns.) 
HehuilinhnelonijaluH,  Jordan  &.  C.IUIKKT,  SynojtHiH,  601),  1883;  (Jkamuu,  Proc.  Cul.  At;.  Sci., 

series  2,  v,  18U5,  000,  pi.  04,  llj;.  22,  ami  pi.  70,  llg.  40. 


I* 


i-f. 


222U.  SKBANTODKS  LKVIS  (Eigeniuaun  &.  Elgenniauii). 

Head  2J;  depth  3;  eye  Ijf  in  snout,  5^^  in  head,  1  in  interorl)ital,  which 
is  very  wlightly  convex.  D.  XIII,  V^k•,  A.  Ill,  7A;  lateral  line  50.  Head 
very  large,  pointed,  its  upper  and  lower  outlines  equally  inc-linod.  Month 
large,  lower  jaw  projecting  and  entering  profile;  a  Avell-developed  sym- 
phj'seal  knob.  Maxillary  reaching  to  below  posterior  margin  of  pupil, 
greatly  dilat«Ml  behind,  its  width  about  e(iual  to  diameter  of  eye.  Sub- 
orbital .stay  weak;  opercular  spines  strong,  pointed.  Gill  rakers  all  short, 
about  twice  as  high  as  wide.  S«'ales  of  head  all  cycloid,  each  scale  with 
numerous  snuill  accessory  scales.  Mandible,  maxillary,  and  tip  of  snout 
naked;  pieorbital  with  scattered  patches  of  scales;  scales  of  body  weakly 
ctenoid.  Highest  dtusal  spine  little  less  than  ^  length  of  head,  the 
membranes  very  deeply  incised,  those  of  first  3  spines  meeting  the  suc- 
ceeding itnes  «)u  their  basal  fifth,  the  incisions  becoming  gradually  shal- 
lower backward,  the  tenth  membrane  meeting  the  eleventh  sjjine  on  its 
upper  third;  dorsal  rays  considerably  lower  than  the  highest  spine ;  cau- 
dal emarginate ;  second  anal  spine  greatly  thickened,  4|  in  head;  ventrals 
about2inhea4l;  pectorals  li*.  Skull  long,  bones  thick,  spongy;  preocular, 
postocular,  tympanic,  parietal,  and  sonu'times  supraocular  spines  present, 
the  ridges  moderately  developed;  ]»arietal  1)«>nes  meeting;  interorbital 
space  a  little  more  than  4  in  base  of  skull,  concave,  and  on  each  side  within 
the  supraorbital  ri<lges,  higher  in  center,  with  a  small  median  ridge  and 
2  others  over  unicous  canals;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  moderately 
developed;  mesethmoid  processes  compressed,  their  upper  surfaces  de- 
pressed, l)ase  of  skull  straight.  I'ink,  with  4  interrupted  crossbars  of 
black,  the  first  below  origin  of  dorsal,  second  below  sixth  dorsal  spine, 
third  l)elow  tenth  spine,  fourth  below  seventh  dorsal  ray ;  back  sometimes 
dusky;  1  specimen  having  a  large  black  blotch  on  anterior  part  of  soft 
dorsal;  peritoneum  white.  (Eigenmann  &  Eigenmann.)  Length  2  to  3 
feet;  one  of  the  largest  specimens  weighing  29  pounds.  Coast  of  CaU- 
fornia,  from  San  Diego  to  Monterey;  not  rare  in  deep  water;  occasionally 
seen  in  the  markets  of  Los  Angeles,  {levis,  capricious  or  fantastic,  the 
root  meaning  light.) 

Sebastichthys  levU,  ElQENMANN  &  EIGENMANN,  Notes  from  the  San  Diego  Biol.  Laboratoiy, 
1, 6, 1889,  San  Diego  (Type,  No.  41904.  Coll.  Eigonnianu) ;  Eigenmann  &,  Eigenmann, 
West  Aiiu'rican  SdientLst  1889,  129. 

Sebastodes  levig,  Cuasibb,  Troc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  scries  2,  v,  1895, 601,  pi.  64.  flg.  24. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann  — Fishes  of  North  America.     1817 


il'lX.  HKIIASTOUES  Itl  IiltlVl>-(  Tl'H  (Jorduu  &  Gilbert). 

(Spanihh  Flag.) 

Head  2i;  depth  2^;  eyo  very  large,  3J  in  head.  D.  XIII,  12;  A.  111,7; 
scales  55.  Itody  robust,  ratber  deep  and  eoiupreHsed.  Head  long,  aonto 
in  profile,  there  being  a  nearly  straight  slope  from  a  !•  >ny  proniinonee  in 
front  of  spinous  dorsal  to  tip  of  lower  Jaw.  Mouth  rather  largo,  obli<|ue, 
the  lower  jaw  projecting;  maxillary  broad,  extending  to  opposite  middle 
of  eye,  its  length  2;^  in  head;  premaxillary  «»n  level  of  lower  border  of 
eye;  intcrorbital  space  nut  so  broad  as  eye,  not  widened  behind,  with 
sparse,  smooth  scales;  mandible  naked;  maxillary  with  a  fow  scales;  sub- 
orbital stay  very  prominent,  its  tip  nearly  reaching  preopercle ;  preoper- 
eiilar  spines  very  strong,  the  seeond  longest;  opercular  spines  long;  pre- 
orbital  wide,  (iill  rakers  rather  short,  robust,  much  compressed,  the 
longest  about  \  of  eye.  Scales  on  head  all  small  and  thin,  mostly  cycloid ; 
scales  of  body  smoother  than  usual;  accessory  scales  very  numerous. 
Dorsal  spines  robust,  rather  high,  the  iifth  not  <|ulte  \  the  length  of  head, 
those  bohin<l  rajddly  shortened,  the  nu-mbraue  Joining  the  thirteenth 
spine  below  its  middle;  soft  rays  about  as  high  as  spines;  caudal  slightly 
emarginatu;  anal  low,  its  second  s])ino  2.^  in  head,  much  longer  and 
stronger  than  third,  both  robust;  jjeetorals  moderate,  not  reaching  vent, 
3|  in  length,  the  base  equal  to  diameter  of  eye;  ventrals  not  reaching 
tips  of  pectorals.  Skull  long,  moderately  thin;  preocul.ar,  ]>ostocular, 
tympanic,  and  parietal  spines  present,  long,  strong,  bluntish,  the  ridges 
moderately  developed;  parietals  meeting;  interorbital  space  long,  nar- 
row, 5jt  in  base  of  skull,  nearly  Hat,  a  rather  deep  groove  between  the 
broad  ridges  over  mucous  canals ;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  well 
developed,  mcsethmoid  processes  compressed,  not  elevated;  base  of  skull 
somewhat  curved,  about  as  in  .^hmiodfs  elonnnliia.  Very  pale  rose-red, 
almost  white,  with  cross  bands  of  a  deep,  intense  crimson  red ;  these  bauds 
broadest  on  the  back;  1  of  the  bands  runs  across  eye,  snout,  suborbital, 
and  m.ixillary,  its  boundaries  indistinct;  the  next  across  nuchal  region, 
front  of  dorsal  and  operclo;  the  next  across  middle  of  spinous  dorsal, 
including  ventrals  and  posterior  half  of  pectorals;  another  across  soft 
dorsal  and  anal;  another  across  base  of  caudal,  the  lin  itself  being  deep 
rose  color;  the  other  iins  share  the  color  of  that  part  «>f  the  body  against 
which  they  He;  peritoneum  white.  Length  15  inches.  Coast  of  Cali- 
fornia, San  Diego  to  Monterey,  in  deep  water;  mu\  In  life  the  most 
lirilliautly  colored  large  fish  in  our  waters,     (ruber,  rod;  rinctus,  banded.) 

Siliastichthyt  ruhrivinctut,  Joudan   &  fiii.nEUT,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mxis.  1880,  201,  Santa 

Barbara  Channel.    (Type,  No.  28989.    Coll.  Jordan  &  Gilbert.) 
Stbastodes  ruhrivinctm,  Soviuxs  &  GiLUEiiT,  Synopsis, 0C9, 1883 ;  Ckameii,  Proc. C'al.  Ac. 

Sci.,  series  2,  v,  1895,  601,  pi.  64,  flg.  23. 


i^ 


Subgenus  AUCTOSPINA,  Eigenmann  &.  Reeson. 

2222.  8EBASTOOE8  AUBICCLATUS  (Girard). 

(Bhown  Kockkibu.) 

Head  3^;  depth  2i.    D.  XIII,  13;  A.  111,7;  scales  45.    Body  oblong; 

rather  deep.    Mouth  moderate,  T>elow  axis  of  body,  the  jaws  nearly  equal ; 

3030 37 


1818  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


{ 


niaxilliiry  icachiiiff  licyoiid  oyo,  itH  h'lijjtli  24  in  head;  i)r('orl)itiil  liroad; 
pn'0]>urniliir  H])ino.s  long,  all  dirt't'tcd  backward,  tbu  accond  lon^'ost;  ojnr 
onlar  Npinrs  w«!ak  ;  3  NiipraHiapiilar  HpinoH.  Scalt'Hon  botly  large,  cttnoiil ; 
acccHBory  scales  not  very  nnnu'ioiis;  mandible  nakf<I.  Spiuons  doi>al 
hi^Ii)  till'  longest  8pin<<  2  in  head,  higher  Ihau  the  Hol't  rays,  which  arc 
much  tdovated;  second  anal  spine  longer  and  stronger  than  third,  L' A  In 
lutad;  soft  ]>art  uC  anal  high;  pectorals  rather  short  and  broad,  the  tijts 
barely  reaching  the  vent,  th«>ir  length  lU  in  body;  ventrals  reaching  to 
vent;  candal  truncate.  lionus  ol'sknll  rather  thin;  preocnlar,  ])Osto<'iilai, 
tympanic,  parietal,  and  coronal  spines  present, 4|iiit«' slender,  sharji;  ji.ni 
otal  spiuea  sometimes  divided;  tlie  ridges  moderately  thick  and  hi;;li: 
parietal  bones  <juite  far  apart,  interorbital  sjiace  narrow,  4  in  base  ni 
skull,  its  middle  convex,  a  depression  on  each  side  between  th<<  convexity 
and  the  supraocular  ridge;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  strongly  devel- 
oped; mesethmoid  processes  compressed,  thin,  elevated;  base  of  skull 
straight.  In  one  specimen  the  gill  rakers  are7-f  1^;  oii  the  upper  limit 
2  only  arc  long  and  compressed,  the  others  are  roitntl  and  thick,  Imi 
slightly  movable;  on  lower  limb  all  those  enumerated  are  <'ompresH('il ; 
(n  front  is  a  mass  tluit  might  represent  nuliments  of  one  or  more.  Color 
blackish  brown,  much  mottled  Avith  liglit  l.rown;  top  of  head  dark;  ;i 
dark  blotch  on  the  upi»er  anghi  of  the  opercle;  eiitin^  body  Hushed  with 
brownish  red,  this  color  most  noticeable  on  front  of  head;  a  brownish  red 
streak  along  middle  of  maxillary,  and  a  second  from  the  preorbital  down- 
wanl  and  backward  across  the  cheek;  another  from  eye  to  lower  pari  of 
opi'r<"le;  fins  all  marked  with  dark  and  light  olive  and  reddish,  the  latter 
hue  esi)ecially  on  the  ventrals  and  anal;  base  of  pectoral  blackish;  uortli- 
ern  sitecimens  are  more  blackish,  and  less  uniform  in  color;  old  specimens 
are  often  nearly  uniform  reddish  brown;  the  young  sometimes  with 
obscure  dark  )»ars,  the  caudal  fin  speckled.  Length  18  inches,  racitic 
coast  of  America,  from  Capo  Mendocino  to  Cerros  Island,  very  abundant; 
the  only  species  entering  bays  and  caught  with  ho<di  and  line  from  wharves. 
It  may  be  known  at  once  by  the  coronal  spines,  these,  however,  often  obso- 
lete in  the  northern  form,  var.  dallii.     {aiirictihilii>i,  eared.) 

HebattCH  auriculatus.GlKAUD,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1854,  131,  140,  and  1'.  S.  Tnc.  K.  It. 

Siirv.,X,  Fishes,  80,  1858,  Presidio,  near  San  Francisco  (Typo,  No.  347.    Cull.  Limit. 

Tro\vbri(ljj;c) ;  AviiES,  rroe.  Ciil.  Ac.  Sci.  1862,  215,  tiju;.  08. 
Sehaiftes  ruber,  Aykks,  I'roc.  Cnl.  Ac.  Sci.,  i,  1854,  7.  San  Francisco;  ndiilt. 
Sebantcs  ruber,  \ur.  parvv^,  AvKES,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci..  i,  1854,  7.  San  F-ancisco;  youiij;. 
Sebastoden  atiriciilatii*,  Jordan  <fc  (.Jii.uekt,  Synopsis,  070,  1883;  C'uameu,  Proc.  Cul.  Ac. 

Sci.,  series  2,  v,  1895, 001,  pi.  65,  fig.  26. 

Represented  northward  (Vancouver  Island  to  Point  Reyes)  by  a  form 
much  darker  in  color,  and  lacking  oue  or  both  coronal  spines  in  about  hn  1 1 
the  specimens : 

2222a.  HKDASTODES  AURICULATUS  DALLII  (Eigennmnn  &  lieusoii). 

This  form  is  thus  described:  Head  3;  de])th  3.  D.  XIII,  14^;  A.  Ill,  fiL 
Dorsal  spines  moderate,  2  iu  head;  lower  jaw  proje<"ting.  Maxillar\ 
extending  beyond  eye,  about  2,!  in  head.     Eye  e(jHals  snout,  3!f  iu  head, 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1H19 


itnl  liroail; 
^'cst;  opcr- 
[(',  ott'iioid  ; 
loiiB  dorsal 

wbitli  arc 
ihird.  I'i  ill 
1(1,  tbr  tipH 
•cuchiiij;  to 
l)OHto(ulai, 
liarp;  ]iaii 

un«l  Li^li: 

ill  Itasc  (if 
L^  convexity 
ii^ly  <l(ivil- 
8C  of  8knll 
upper  liinli 

thick,  lull 
OlllprcHSnl  ; 
ore.  Color 
ad  dark ;  ,1 
iiHlicd  with 
owiiiisli  icil 
l)ital  dowii- 
vvor  pari  of 
1,  the  lattir 
isli ;  uortl)- 
Ispeciiiinis 
times  with 
Taciiic 

abundant; 
wburvcs. 

often  ()l)so- 


S.  I'nc.  K.  It. 
Coll.  Lieut. 


isco;  yoHiij;- 
'roc.  Ciii.  Ac. 


»y  a  Ibrni 
al>outb:ill' 


on). 

A.  Ill,  fil. 
Maxillarv 
6  in  bead. 


cnnBidenibly  more  than  interorldtal  widtli.  Inferorldtalconeavc,  12  ntroii); 
rid^eH  dividing  it  into  a  median  and  'J  lateral  ^rouveH;  preorbital  narrow, 
witb  2  llat  Hpine  proceHHes.  rreoiiercniar  npincH  directed  liackwnrd.  <iill 
rakerH  about  1.'  in  orbit;  Neeond  anal  Hpine  L'l^  in  bead;  maxillary,  man- 
dibles and  snout  naked;  HcaleH  mostly  eyeioid.  Lower  pectoral  niystbiek 
and  llesby.  Tbre«)  strai^lif,  dark  ttross  bands,  1  from  nape  acrosH  l)ase  «if 
petrtoral,  I  from  sixtb  to  sevcntb  tlorsal  spine  toward  anus,  a  ball' one  from 
ei^fbtb  to  t«!iitb  dorsal  spine  to  Literal  line,  a  broader  one  below  soft  dorsal ; 
these  bars  extentl  on  to  the  dorsal  lin ;  a  few  small  dark  spots  on  bane  of 
pttctorals  and  on  shoulder;  sides  of  tail  more  or  less  mottled  ;  darkHtreakH 
radiating  from  eye;  jieritonenm  pale.  Specimen,  SA  inches  loiiy;  San 
Francisco.  The  type  specimen  belongs  to  the  collection  of  the  Indiana 
University.  (Kigenmann  iV  Heeson.)  (Named  for  William  Ilealy  l>all,  of 
the  Hmithsonian  Institution,  who  has  l>een  intimately  identilled  with  the 
I'acific  coast  zoiiloj^y  for  many  years. 

I'teropoitut  ilallii,  Kkiknmann  &  Hkkson,    \m.  Nat.,  Vol.  xxvin,  .Ian.,   180J,   0(i,  San 

Francisco. 
.Scbantoden  auricitlatut  dalli,  Joun.VN  \.  SiAiiKS,  Prue.  Cul.  Au.  Soi.  18U5, 71)8. 


Subgenus  PTEROPODUS,  Eigeumann  \'  Ileeson. 
'2-2'2'i.  Si:B.iSTOUKS  ItASTItKLLHJKB  (Jordan  &:  Uilbcrt). 

(GitASS   KoCKFISH.) 

Head  .3;  depth  2J.  D.  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  «;;  scales  17.  lb)dy  oblonR. 
deepest  at  the  shoulders.  Head  short,  blunt.  Mouth  moderate,  little 
oblique,  maxillary  reaching  to  posterior  margin  of  eye,  its  length  2\  in 
head;  premaxillary  rather  below  level  of  eye;  Jaws  e(|nal,  without 
symphysoal  knob.  Eye  small,  anterior,  U  in  head.  Prcoporcular  s^dnes 
short  and  stout,  the  2  upper  Biibe<iual;  o]»ercular  spines  very  broad  and 
llat,  sometimes  bifid;  suprascapular  spines  strong.  Gill  rakers  very  short, 
wide,  compressed,  the  longest  almost  as  wide  as  high.  Scales  on  body 
large;  accessory  scales  few.  Dorsal  spines  low,  the  lifth  about  i  the 
length  of  head;  the  tin  little  <>inargiuate;  soft  rays  considerably  higher 
than  spines;  caudal  slightly  rounded;  anal  high,  its  spines  low,  the  second 
as  high  as  third  and  much  stouter,  3  in  head;  pectoral  rather  short,  reach- 
ing vent,  its  base  extremely  broad,  its  width  about  ^  length  of  head;  the 
lower  rays  mueh  thickened;  length  of  pectorals  3f  in  body;  ventrals 
moderate,  not  quite  reaching  the  tips  of  pectorals.  IJoues  of  skull  thick ; 
preocular,  postocular,  tympanic,  and  parietal  spines  present,  strong,  the 
ridges  l«)w  but  thick;  occipital  ridges  very  long,  e(|ualling  diameter  of 
orbit;  parietal  bones  separate;  interorbital  space  li  in  base  of  skull, 
slightly  convex,  concave  laterally  inside  of  sujuaocular  ridg»»  narrower 
than  eye;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  well  developed;  mesethmoid 
processes  compressed,  strong,  slightly  elevated;  base  of  skull  very  nearly 
straight.  Ulackish  green,  with  paler  niottlings,  sides  spotted  with  darker; 
belly  pale  greenish;  paired  fins  dark,  often  bordered  with  reddish;  other 


1820  liuUdin  ^7,  United  States  A^ational  Museum. 


tluHchii-tly oliviu!*'ouH,  Apottoil  with  darker;  tlii<  )iriKhtu<-HH  of  tbo  olivo 
aiitl  f{i'«utiiiHh  nIihiIoh  In  ijiiito  variultlo,  Itiit  tlio  H|M*ci()H  JH  iiIwu.vh  witlioiit 
(lutiiiito  luarkiiiKB  "ixl  without  Itri^lit  red;  peiitont'iiiii  ItrowniHh.  L()n|;tii 
irtiiichua.  Coaatof  Oulit'ornia,  from  San  Dio^otoHau  KraiiciHoo;  abiiiKlunt 
Hoiithward.  A  Htrouj^iy  iniirkud  NpoficH,  known  at  oiico  liy  its  Hbort  \:S\\ 
i-iikt'iH.  (riialnllHin,  diiuiuutivi)  oi  1  antrum,  a  rako;  yno,  I  Itoar;  from  tlic 
Nmall  ii'ill  rnkui'8.) 

Sfbantiehthyt  rantrelliger,  .InnDAX  &  (iiLnKKT,  Troc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Sinn.  1880,  2'JO.  Monterey. 

(T.viM-,  No.  •.•7o:i;i.    Coll.  Jonlnit  iV  (iillH-rt.) 
Sebantoilet  raitiilliger,  Jokda.n  \   liii.iiintT,  SyuopHiH,  ATI,  I88U;  CuAUKlt,  I'roo.  Citl.  Ac. 

.Sci.,  Hi'iivit  2,  V,  18U&,  UU2,  iiIh.  (13  and  7U,  |I|{h.  27  iiiul  41. 


i'2H.  SKII.iKTOIIKS  rAI'llIMX  (UiclmrilHon>. 


t 


II 


lload  1'^ ;  drpth  2'; ;  oyo  and  nnont  0(|ual,  2  in  mavilhirv,  4'^  in  hoad.  1). 
XIII,  12  to  U;  A.  Ill,  ({  or  7;  1M7  to  19;  HraloH  41  to  44  (poieH);  ti!Ui.s- 
vorHb  rows  of  Hcalvs  42  to  47.  Hody  stout,  comproHued,  tho  back  elovated. 
Head  Ntron^ly  romprcHSod;  tliodorual  ]>rotilu  nearly  Htrai^lit;  inturorbital 
Mpac«-  nearly  Hat  bctwoun  thu  nioloiatuly  uluvatcd  Kiipiaocular  ridgvH, 
5)(  to  5j|  in  head;  naual,  preocular,  pOHtocular,  tym]ianic,  and  puriotiil 
Hpines  preHent,  Hhurp,  the  ridgCH  moderate;  maxillary  2|  in  head,  itH  broiid 
liOHterior  end  reaching  about  to  posterior  rim  (»f  orbit;  lower  Jaw  Home- 
what  projecting  witli  a  Bym])hy8eal  kimb;  lino  scalen  on  maxillary  and 
part  of  lower  Jaw.  Preorbital  Itroad,  with  usually  1  or  2  small,  rather 
blunt,  spines;  suborbital  stay  short;  preopercular  spines  directed  back- 
ward, the  2  upper  sharpest,  the  middle  one  datter  an<l  larger  but  not 
divided.  Dorsal  spines  high,  strong,  tlie fourth  longest,  1^  in  head;  mem- 
brane of  spinous  dorsal  deeply  incised,  attached  to  the  tliirteenth  spiiio 
at  about  the  middle  of  its  height;  the  soft  rays  a  little  sliorter  than  the 
spines;  second  anal  s])ino  scarcely  longer  or  stronger  than  the  third,  2^  lu 
head,  li^  in  soft  rays;  first  anal  e([ual  to  eye  ami  snout;  caudal  truneato; 
pectoral  reaching  to  or  beyond  vent,  3,^  to  3i(  in  length  of  body,  its  base 
3  in  its  length ;  accessory  scales  few.  Dark  brown,  more  or  less  washed 
with  coppery  or  yellowish,  the  dark  shades  being  dark  red,  the  palo 
shades  light  brownish  and  better  defined  than  in  S.  rrxillaria,  but  similarly 
placed.  In  alcohol,  body  and  head  Idackisb  above,  with  a  very  slight  itink- 
ishtint;  paler  below;  tins  all  blackish;  pale  shades  whitish;  peritoneum 
white.  I'nget  Sound  to  Sitka;  abundant  uorthward;  replacing  ^\  r<jr(7- 
hiriH.  This  species  is  very  close  to  Sehosfoiha  rcxillans  in  general  char- 
acter, but  differs  from  it  in  color.  It  has  fewer  accessory  scales,  a  more 
I  eminent,  somewhat  projecting,  lower  jaw  with  symphyseal  kno)»,  a 
broader  preorbital,  less  flattened  cranial  ridges,  a  longer  second  anal 
spine,  and  lower  dorsal  spines.  The  body  is  apparently  more  compressed, 
the  pectoral  a  little  longer,  the  posterior  end  of  the  maxillary  a  little 
broader,  with  a  slightly  different  outline.  Here  described  from  speci- 
mens from  Seattle,  {caurinua,  northwestern,  from  caurus,  northwest 
■wind.) 


Jordan  and  Evcrniann, — Fishes  of  North  Anicrka.     1821 


SthatUtcaurinni,'  UiciiaRIWON,  Voytjreof  tlio  Siilpliiir,  Iclitliyology,  77,  J>1.  41,  flj(.l. 

IMS.  Sitka.  \ 
Stbattudu  eiturinut  Jordan  &  (ilLiiiCiiT,  SyiuipiiH,  07'.',  1883. 


8a2ft.  NRDAMTODEN  VEXILLAItlH  (Jorilnn  A- (Silliert). 

Eyo  inodoriitt^  hl^^h  up,  1  to  1}  in  licftd.  I).  XIII,  10;  A.  Ill,  fi;  hciiIch 
.">'>.  Ilody  Htoiit  and  conipriMHttd,  hiick  ulrviitml.  Month  ratlicr  liirfro, 
Inoad  niuxillary  oxtondin^  behind  oridt,  its  Irn^tli 'J  in  liuad;  )>r«tnmxil- 
liiry  on  lovtd  of  iowvr  odgo  of  pupil ;  Jaws  Hnli<!i|inil,  h)Wi<r  Honicwhat  |>i'o- 
.irctin>;,  but  witliout  HvniphyH«;ul  kncdt;  upper  Jaw  rnuirginato  at  tip; 
intcrorbital  apace  narrower  than  eye,  occu)dod  by  2  raist-d  rid^ca,  cov- 
irt'd  by  the  acah'a;  preopercnlar  apinoa  niotluratu,  aonio  of  thoni  nanally 
divided  into  2,  3,  or  1  at  tip,  middle  one  largest;  preorbital  very  Itroud; 
Hiiborbital  atay  abort.  .lawa  naked.  Gill  rakora  rather  lon^  and  strong, 
the  longest  alightly  clavate,  about  2  in  eyo.  Doraal  apinea  vory  strong 
and  high,  about  aa  in  S.  chlorostictus,  nearly  na  high  aa  in  S.  wtilliivr, 
the  highoat  more  than  ^  length  of  head,  and  rather  higher  than  the 
very  high  Hoft  raya;  membrane  of  apinoua  dorsal  rather  <lufply  incist-d, 
but  leas  so  than  in  S,  maUgtr;  aet-ond  anal  apin«>  ',i  in  head,  acarcely  longer 
than  third  and  not  much  stronger,  about  ij  aa  high  aa  noft  rays;  caudal 
truncate;  pectoral  ahoiter  than  head,  not  reaching  vent,  its  baae  rather 
broad,  length  3J  in  body;  ventrala  not  reaching  vent.  Honea  of  akull 
thick;  preocnlar,  i)natocular,  tympanic,  and  jtarietal  ai)ineH  present  (tym- 
panic apinea  aometimca  abaent),  the  ri<lgea  rather  low  and  heavy;  parietal 
bonea  far  apart;  intcrorbital  apace  3}  in  base  of  akull,  aomcwhat  concave; 
a  deeper  median  groove  between  2  amall  ridgca  over  the  niucoua  t^anala; 
ventral  proceaa  of  baaiaphenoid  well  developed,  meaetbmoid  procesaea 
comproaaed,  a  little  elevated ;  base  of  skull  atraight.    Bright  i)ale  yellowish 


*  The  following  is  the  orif^inal  deHcriptlon  of  tliiH  HpeclcH:  "Vhar.  Spec.  S.  Renis  inor- 
iiiibiis,  linoiH  clovatiB  intra  orbitiis  niiliiH,  xpiuiH  nasi  iitrinqtic  l>iiiiM,  Hpinin  ct'tcriM  oa|iitii4 
ilniiiiHgiH;  ])ai'U)  HpiiiOHil  piiiiiii*  (lorai  altj'i  arciinta;  piiinix  iniinaciilatN."  Katiii:  I).  Ill  111; 
A.3/0;  C.iajj;  P.Uetviii;  V.  1/5.  I'latu  XU,  fl);.  1.  Half  iiat.  Mi/.e.  "I'liis  upccicM  greatly 
n«8einl)lcH  tlie  S.  nofreijiciis  in  tint  arniatiiro  of  itH  head.  I)ut  ditl'crH  in  the  greater  lieiKlit 
of  its  doFHal  HplneH  and  the  lartfer  mze  of  tliu  scalea.  It  itt  better  armed  tlian  the  >S'.  varia- 
bills,  which,  !il<e  itHelf,  ia  an  inliabitant  of  the  North  I'aciHu  Ocean,  and  it  dill'erH  in  the 
niiinhor.s  of  itH  tin  rays  botli  from  that  Hptu^ius  and  tlie  S.  uiermin  of  >lapan.  It  lia^  more 
ns!4einblanceinitHHpinei)to.s'.»(armora(u.v(T<>nini.  ScSi-hU'^e],  Fauna  Jaiwn..  tab. 21.  UK- 1), 
lint  the  niarkingH  on  tiiu  linn  ditl'er  and  tlie  doraal  rayH  ot  cauriims  are  hif^her  than  tliose 
(if  any  of  theao  3  .^tpecies.  The  length  of  the  liead  and  the  height  of  the  liody  are  abont 
e(|naf,  and  are  contained  3J  times  in  the  whole  len;;th  of  the  ti.sn.  Tlie  interofbital  space 
is  flattiHli,  and  is  acarcely  di^preaaed  below  the  margin  of  the  orbit.  Hi-Hides  the  iiMiial 
H|>ine  abo'.  e  tin;  nostrils  there  is  a  smaller  one  at  tl..)  anterior  opening.  There  is  an  ai^nto 
point  near  the  middle  of  the  orbital  crest,  another  at  the  posterior  angle  of  the  orbit,  and 
A  third  amaller  one  on  the  temples  elo.se  beneath  it.  The  lateral  cranial  crc^t,  com- 
mencing over  the  temporal  spine,  is  low  and  even  and  ends  in  a  similar  point.  The 
siipraacapular  shows  an  acute  but  not  elevated  edge,  which  ends  in  a  sharp,  angular 
IMiint.  Another  point  of  the  same  bone  is  with  dilHculty  detected  among  the  scales  lower 
down,  and  the  sca|)iila  haa  also  a  spinous  point.  The  preorbital  is  divided  into  3  aballow, 
truncated  lobes,  which  are  a  little  tilt;d  No  ridge  can  be  traced  externally  across  the 
cheek  nor  any  spines  under  the  eye.  There  are  the  usual  5  preopercular  angles  of  spiiiei) 
and  2  opercular  onea.  Two  minute  teeth  exist  in  the  sulioperciilum  and  interoperciiliiin 
at  the  point  where  these  bones  meet  each  other.  All  the  spines  are  closelv  reeiimbent. 
There  are  43  rowa  of  scales  in  i>,  longitudinal  row,  excliiaive  of  some  small  ones  on  tho 
base  of  tho  caudal.  The  apecimen.  being  dried,  has  lost  its  colora.  Length  15  inches." 
The  northwest  coast  <it  America.  The  spee.iinen  was  ]irocured  at  tho  Kussiau  settlement 
of  Sitka.     (Richardson,  Voyage  of  the  Sulphur,  iiago  77.) 

!  This  specioa  ia  very  abuuuaut  iu  Sitka  Harbor,  where  many  apecim^ns  were  taken 
by  us  iu  1896. 


wm  w  m 


■'^FTT' 


1822  JhtlU'lin  /7,  UniUd  Sinks  Nntioual  Museum. 


M 


red,  hct'niiiiii);  li^lifer  bolow,  tlio  rnthliHli  iiii*l  yellow iali  roriniiiK  liir({i>  tiiiil 
irre^iiliir  mriiH,  HiMiietiineH  uiit)  hIiimIo  preiloiiiiiiiitinu,  HoinetiiiieH  tlieotlior; 
11  pink  rrtiHH  blotch  on  hiiuk  at  liikm'  of  Heroiul  ami  tliini  dniHul  H|iiiitis 
HoiiiittiiiivH  pri-Ni'iit;  upper  purtH  of  heiul  inoHtly  pink,  witli  liroiHl  olivn 
HliuileN  riiiiiiiii^  l)ii<kwur*l,  I  on  lower  lip,  I  on  maxillary,  1  IVoni  preoiliital 
region  tlownwaril,  1  I'roni  eye  Itackwunl  an<l  ilownwnr<l  ihtohm  eheek,  and 
anotlnr  iieroNH  opercular  HpiiieH;  linN  all  pinkiMli  ro<l,  nieinbram-H  olive; 
vertical  Huh  narrowly  eil^ed  with  tluHky ;  top  of  head  iiNiially  with  alter- 
nating ei'oHH  shatli'H  of  ))inkiHh  and  yellowiHh  ;  yellowinh  nhadeH  Homutiims 
replaced  by  li^lit  olive;  other  HpecinienH  are(|niti'  ro<l;  ntill  otliern  brown- 
inh;  li^ht  areaH  on  buck  havo  a  position  Niniilar  to  that  of  the  rouy  N|>otH 
in  Sihunlmlm  loimlvlhitus:  peritoneiini  white.  Length  1.'  feet.  CouHt  nt' 
California,  San  Die^o  toCajie  Mendocino,  very  common;  <mu  of  the  larger 
HpocieH.     {rijillitriH,  Htandiird  bearing.) 

StbnHtiehtlnii  vexiUarin,  .Iihidan  \  (  ;u,iiki(T,  I'roc.  II.  .^.  Nat.  Miih.  1H80,  'JU2,  Santa  Barbara 
Channel;  San  Francinco.     (  r,v|ii<,  No. 'J7087.    Cull. •Ionian  .V  Ulllirrt.) 

Stba»liiili»  iu-jill<iii.i,  .loiiDAN  \  (iii.iiicUT,  .S,\uoimiH,  07:.',  1883;  C'liAMUU, i'roc. Cul. xVc.  8ci., 
■erlo»  2,  V,  1805, 002,  \A.  00,  IIkh.  'J8  auU  2» 


ii^ 


III' 

P  h 

1 1  ; 

|!lS:J:  l 


vv. 


III 


'iHn.  SKItASTOI»i:S  MAI.KJKK  (Jnnlan  \  (iill)ort). 

{YELU)WItA<'KKl>    UlH'KFISM.) 

Tlond  2?;  depth  2^.  D.  XIII,  i:{;  A.  Ill,  15;  scalcH  -17.  Body  oblong, 
robnHt;  he.'id  large;  month  niotlerate,  the, jav  learly  etjual  when  cIohciI  ; 
maxillary  reaching  to  oppoHito  jtoHterior  m  of  eye,  itu  length  aboi't 

i  that  of  head;  preorbital  moderate,  with  ..u  angular  lobe;  prcoper- 
enlar  spinoH  very  short;  opercular  long.  (Jill  rakers  moderate,  Bomcwhat 
clavute,  about  as  long  as  pupil.  >S<'alcs  rough;  Jaws  naked.  Doi-Hiil 
spines  very  high  and  strong,  higher  than  in  any  other  species,  the  mem- 
bianes  very  deeply  incised,  so  that  i  or  more  of  the  length  of  the  highest 
spines  is  free  anteriorly;  highest  spine  about  g  length  of  head,  the  tin 
deeply  ennirginate;  soft  dorsal  high,  but  lower  than  the  s])ines;  caudal 
truncate;  anal  high,  the  se<-ond  spine  2^  in  head,  little  higher  than  the 
third,  not  if  height  of  soft  rays;  pectorals  very  broad  and  rounded, 
reaching  beyond  ventrals  to  vent;  base  of  tin  broader  than  eye,  the  lower 
rays  thickened,  its  length  3^  in  body,  iiones  of  skull  moderately  thin; 
pH'ocnlar,  postocular,  tympanic,  and  ]iarietal  spines  present,  strong,  sharp, 
the  ridges  high  and  thick;  parietal  bones  well  separated;  interorbital 
space  4^  in  base  of  skull,  deeply  concave,  with  rather  high  ridges  ovei' 
mucous  canals;  ventral  process  of  basisphcnoid  well  developed,  mescth- 
moid  processes  compressed,  strong,  much  elevated;  base  of  skull  nearly 
straight.  Color  warm  yellowish  brown,  the  anterior  portion  of  the  back 
and  sides  nsually  clear  yellow;  bn-ast  yellow;  anterior  part  of  body  ami 
head,  especially  in  the  adult,  closelj'  covered  with  small  round  spots  of  ii 
clear  orange-brown  color;  posterior  part  of  body  darker  than  anterior, 
variously  mottled;  soft  fins  all  slaty  black,  the  pectorals  and  dorsal  paler 
at  base  and  speckled ;  brownish  shades  radiating  from  the  eyes;  p«'rito- 
ueum  pale.    Length  20  inches.    Pacific  coast  of  Aiuerica,  from  Monterey 


Jordan  and  livermann, — Fishes  of  North  AmcrUa,     1H23 


to   Hitkii,  iiioHtly  ill  ili-t^p  water;  very  iiltiindnnt  iiortliwiinl;  (tiie  of  thn 
l;ki');t>Ht  H|M<clr8.     (»i((/m«,  iiiuMt;  '/<>'(>,  I  lu'iir.) 

stbitntichlliiiii  inaliijtf,  irdRDAV  Si  OiMiKitr,  I'roc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mom.  IriHO,  T.^J,  San  Francltco. 

(TyiMs  Nit.  371)01.    <:i>ll..l(iriliin  ^v  (illlirrt.) 
^.baitoiles  tiiatiiifr,  .Ioiiiian  iV  (iil.liKUT,  SyDupnU,  073,  IHKI;  CUAMKR,  I'ruo.  Cul.  At'.  St:i., 

H<'i'ii'it2,  V,  IHUO.UU'i,  pi.  06,  tItf.ltU. 


I  load 


')  7    . 


>iiii!7.  HKIIAKTOnCS  (UMtKltTI,  OaiiM  r, 

depth  L"t  to  ».  I).  XIII,  i:i;  A.  Ill,  (>;  V.  17;  triiiiHvorHe 
iol)lii|iiM)  rowH  of  HcaluH  It)  to  42;  liitm-iil  lino  (porrH)  ulimit  :{!)  to  42. 
Kody  Hoinowliiit  coinpnvssfMl,  ItH  widtli  ovtu-  hiiHit  of  poctonilH  iiciirly  2  iu 
tlio  dttpth  (ovor  tho  HlioiilderH).  Ili-ad  loiiiprt'HNtMl;  piotilo  Htt^op,  nutiiiy 
Ntrai|{lit;  piuociiliir,  poHtonilar,  tyi^panic,  and  parietal  Hpiiit's  and  rid^rt'H 
prcHent,  hII  ratliur  dtdicato,  tlio  HpineH  Huinrwliat  appiesHed,  thn  p:iri<-tul 
lid^roH  div«>rKiii};  liuokward  in  Hlifrlit  ontwurd  ciirveH,  Inturorliital  spiite 
1^  in  orbit,  a  litMo  concave,  witli  a  pair  'if  low  ridges  and  a  hIijiIIow  median 
groove  between  tlioiii.  Orbit  hiv;b  up,  iieuriy  eirnilar,  i  in  head,  itN  puH- 
tcrior  rim  nt  about  iniddlo  of  iun^fth  of  head.  I'reorbital  Hcanely  loliato 
1)11  itH  iiiur)<;in,  iiHiially  with  I  Hhort  triaugiihir  npinu  poHteriorly;  hiiW- 
Di-itital  Htay  not  viHible  uxturiially ;  prooperciilar  spincM  all  diiectt'd  back- 
ward, the  2  uppennosf  (doaer  together  than  tho  otheiH,  the  2  lo\verino.st 
weak;  opercular  H])iii  .s  rather  Hinall,  nharp,  without  vJHible  ridges;  month 
nearly  horizontal,  the  tip  of  tho  npper  Jaw  nearly  on  a  level  with  the  lower 
lim  of  tho  orbit;  niaxilliary  2?  in  head,  itn  poHtorior  end  reaching  alioiit 
to  vertical  from  posterior  rim  of  orbit;  lower  Jaw  very  slightly  projecting, 
with  a  alight  HymphyHoal  knob.  Teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines,  the 
liands  on  tho  latter  narrow.  Gill  rakers  rather  slender,  2  to  'A  in  orbit,  21^ 
on  anterior  limb  of  tirst  arch.  Fourth  dorsal  spine  highest,  Ij',  in  head; 
the  meinbrano  of  tho  lirst  dorsal  very  deeply  incised,  reaching  only  ]t  of 
the  way  up  on  tho  anterior  side  of  tho  third,  and  about  ^  of  the  way  up 
on  the  fourth  spiuo,  nearly  to  tho  tip  of  the  twelfth,  and  about  halfway 
up  on  tho  thirteenth  spino;  soft  rays  lower  than  the  spines,  about  Hiu 
the  longest  8])iuo;  caudal  tin  truncate,  with  11  or  12 full-length  rays,  about 
I -I  in  head;  second  anal  spine  longer  and  much  stronger  than  tho  third, 
'2r  in  head,  1\  iu  tho  soft  rays;  pectoral  tin  reaching  to  or  a  little  beyond 
vent,  3^  in  length  of  body,  the  median  rays  longest,  the  H  lower  rays 
unbranched  and  thickened,  base  of  tin  3  in  its  length ;  ventrala  reaching 
not  quite  to  vent,  the  spine  about  0(|ual  to  third  anal  spine.  8<-ales  rather 
small,  those  of  body,  cheeks,  aud  iiiterorbital  sptr.ce  all  ctenoid,  those  of 
Itruast  cycloid;  maxillary  with  miuuto  scales,  lower  Jaw  and  top  of  head 
naked;  accessory  scales  few,  some  of  them  ctenoid.  Color  in  formalin: 
head  blackish  above;  lips  dusky;  a  dark  band  from  front  of  orbit  for- 
ward along  side  of  snout;  a  dark  stripe  on  maxillary;  a  blackish  oliva- 
ceous band  from  preorbital  backward  and  downward  across  proopeiclo ; 
another  broader  band  from  posterior  rim  of  orbit  across  preopercle  and 
lower  end  of  subopercle;  a  dark  blotch  on  opercle;  a  blackish  areo  in 
front  of  dorsal  aud  in  front  of  lirst  and  second  spines,  <3Xtending  with 


:■¥ 


i 


1824         Dulletin  47,  United  States  National  Miiseiim. 


:M 


intt>rruptioiia  to  axils  of  itectorals,  und  on  to  the  hase  of  tho  tin,  and  down- 
ward and  bn<'kward  in  a  narrow  broken  band  toward  tho  vent ;  anotiier 
band  from  belo  v  sixth  and  seventh  dorsal  spines  downward  and  backward 
nearly  to  ori^rin  of  anal;  a  third  short  one  from  below  ninth  and  tentli 
S|)ineH  to  lateral  line;  a  broad  one  nnder  soft  dorsal  ext(mding  below  lat- 
erui  line  and  another  across  back  of  peduncle;  all  these  dark  areas  extend 
np  on  the  dorsal  tin,  their  outlines  are  not  sharply  defined,  and  they,  as 
well  as  tlid  lighter  areas  of  the  body,  are  mottled  with  scattered  and  niucli 
darker  spots;  tho  ligliter  areas  of  the  sides  were  in  the  fresh  state  a  dull 
brick  re'l,  becoming  lighter  below;  dorsal  membrane  blackisli  between 
first  and  third,  and  between  fifth  and  eleventh  spines;  soft  dorsal  S))otted, 
with  blackish  anteriorly;  membrane  of  caudal  dusky,  the  dark  much 
broken  into  spots ;  anal  and  ventx-als  dusky ;  pectorals  with  a  broad  trans- 
verse, dark,  spotted  band  near  base,  ,and  a  transverse  dusky  area  with 
uarker  spots  on  distal  half;  tins  in  life  probably  more  or  less  tinged 
with  the  reddish  color;  peritoneum  white.  Coast  of  California,  rare;  3 
specimens  from  San  Franeisco  market,  7A,  8J,  and  8^  inches  long;  speci- 
mens also  taken  at  Monterey.     (Nanied  for  Dr.  Charles  Henry  Gilbert.) 

Sebaitodog  rjilberti,  CRAMEH,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1806,  241,  with  plate,  San  Francisco.    (Coll. 
Dr.  Jordan.) 

2228.  SKBASTODEK  CARXATl'S  (Jordan  &.  Gilbert). 

(FlJiSU-COLGRED  IvOCKFISH.) 

Head  2|;  dei)th  2?.  D.  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  6;  pyloric  civca  8;  vertebrn' 
12-f-15;  seales  43.  IJody  rather  short  and  deej);  mouth  low  and  rather 
short,  maxillary  extending  to  rather  behind  posterior  edge  of  eye,  its 
length  2  in  head;  premaxillary  entirely  below  eye;  jawt.  about  equal ;  no 
symphyseal  knob.  Scales  on  head  rather  rougher  than  in  S.  cliryno- 
mi'las;  lower  Jaw,  maxillary,  space  in  tront  of  eye,  and  nasal  region 
naked.  Cranial  ridges  well  developed,  but  somewhat  lower  than  in  >'. 
chrysomelas,  covered  with  thick  skin.  Gill  rakers  short,  elavate.  Spi- 
nous dorsal  always  higher  thcan  in  IS.  chnfsortu'lan,  tho  highest  spines  2  in 
head,  rather  higlier  than  the  soft  rays,  the  membianes  more  deeply  incised 
than  in  ^'.  vhrysomvhis  caudal  truncate ;  anal  moderately  high,  second  spine 
2|  in  head,  stronger  and  slightly  longer  than  third,  about  J  height  of  soft 
rays;  pectorals  rather  short,  3h  in  head,  about  reaching  to  vent,  their 
bases  very  broad,  the  lower  rays  thickened  and  Heshy;  ventrals  reaehinj; 
vent.  Bones  of  8ki;ll  moderately  thin;  prcocular,  postocular,  tymjianii', 
and  parietal  spines  present,  sharp  and  strong,  the  ridges  high  and  stnmj;; 
parietal  bones  widely  separated;  interorbital  space  5  in  base  of  skull, 
concave;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  well  developed,  mesethmoiil 
processes  compi-essed,  thin,  very  much  elevated,  the  points  curved  down- 
ward; base  of  skull  straight.  Yellowish  brown,  with  blotches  of  clear 
llesh  color  or  pinkish,  the  uark  color  predominating  above,  the  pinkish 
below;  membrane  between  third  and  fourth  spines  always  pale,  this  color 
forming  a  blotch  at  the  base  of  these  spines,  and  then  extending  obli(iuel\ 
downward  aud  backward,  usually  joining  the  ventral  color:  in  front  of 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1825 


this  light  area  on  the  sides  is  a  narrow  obliqne  dark  one,  in  front  of  which 
in  turn  is  a  pale  ono,  whicli  bej^ins  at  angle  of  opercle  and  divides,  pass- 
ing around  pectorals  and  uniting  below  thoni ;  a  light  blotch  under  eighth 
dorsal  spine,  extending  up  on  the  fin ;  another  at  Junction  of  the  2  dorsals, 
and  another  nnder  last  ray;  under  each  of  these  arc  irregular  undulating 
pale  areas;  sides  with  pale  blotches  of  all  sizes;  hea<l  above  with  cross 
shades  and  bands  radiating  from  eye,  its  light  shades  tinged  with  purplish ; 
iins  colored  like  neighboring  parts  of  body;  peritoiieuni  white.  Length 
II  inches.  Coast  of  California,  from  San  Diego  to  San  Francisco;  abundant 
in  very  shallow  water,  the  young  living  close  to  the  s'.ure  among  rocks. 
(carnatua,  flesh-colored.) 

Sehcutichthyx  camatui,  Jordan  &  Gn.nEHT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nnt.  Mns.  1880,  73,   Monterey 
(Coll.  Jordan  &  Gilbert) ;  Eigenman.n'  &  Eioen.mann,  West  American  Scientist  1889, 130. 
Sebastodet  carnatus,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  674, 1883. 


Cisco.    (Coll. 


2220.  8EBAST0DES  CIIRYSOXELAS  (Jordan  &.  Gilbert). 

(Black  and  Yellow  Rockfish.) 

Head  2f ;  depth  2f.  D.  XII,  I,  13;  A.  Ill,  6;  scales  45.  Body  short  and 
stout,  compressed.  Head  short,  bluntish.  Mouth  rather  small,  entirely 
below  the  axis  of  the  body;  lower  jaw  slightly  included;  premaxillaries 
on  level  of  lower  edge  of  orbit;  maxillary  reaching  posterior  margin  of 
eye,  its  lengtli  2  in  head;  preorbital  wide.  Cranial  ridges  covered  with 
thick  skin,  ending  in  strong  spines  which  diverge  backward;  preopercnlar 
spines  short  .and  thick;  gill  rakers  as  in  SchaatoiUa  carnatus.  Scales 
moderate,  rough,  the  accessory  ones  \'e>\\',  lower  jaw,  maxillary,  nasal 
region,  and  space  in  front  of  <^yo  naked.  Dorsjvl  spines  high  and  strong, 
the  highest  2^  in  head,  rather  higher  than  soft  rays,  the  tin  deeply 
emarginate ;  second  anal  spine  2f  in  head,  much  stronger  than  third,  the  two 
about  equal  in  length ;  pectoral  3|  in  head,  with  very  broad  base,  reach- 
ing beyond  tips  of  ventrals,  which  reach  nearly  to  vent ;  lower  pectoral 
rays  thickened;  caudal  truncate.  Bones  of  skull  rather  thin;  preocular, 
postocalar,  tympanic,  and  occipital  spines  present,  the  ridges  very  high 
and  strong;  parietal  bones  quite  far  apart,  sometimes  nearly  meeting; 
interorbital  space,  in  its  narrowest  part  about  5|  in  base  of  skull,  concave; 
ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  strongly  developed ;  mesethmoid  processen 
long,  compressed,  thin,  elevated;  base  of  skull  straight.  Pattern  of 
coloration  precisely  as  in  S.  carnaim,  the  colors  different;  the  light  shade 
a  clear,  wnxm,  brownish  yellow,  with  some  specks  of  deeper  orange, 
varying  from  a  dnsky  orange  to  olivaceous  yellow,  the  latter  color  more 
<)ft(^n  seen  on  the  belly ;  dark  shade,  black  or  dark  brown,  with  slight 
olive  tinge;  dark  color  predominating  on  back;  membrane  between  third 
.'ind  fourth  dorsal  spines  and  an  area  at  base  of  these  spines  always  pale; 
a  yellow  blatch  extending  thence  downward  and  backward,  usually  join- 
ing the  light  color  of  belly;  another  light  area  passing  from  near  angle 
of  opercle  around  pectorals,  uniting  below  them;  3  other  blotches  along 
back,  1  under  eighth  dorsal  spine,  1  under  last  spine,  and  1  under  last 
soft  ray ;  from  each  of  these,  irregular  pale  areas  extend  down  the  sides ; 


I 


■1  '\- V  : 


-'  ,.  '"'If 


;  -i  '  J 


,■:,.'  t 


m 


w  ;  ;i 


1826         Bulletin  4."^ ,  United  States  National  Museum, 


S 


I 

i 


f 


li 


tit 


iiuH  tlu)  color  of  the  region  to  which  they  helong;  head  above  with 
(lusky  (>ro8H  Hliades  aud  faint  baud.s  radiating;  from  eye;  poritoiuuim  pale. 
Leiijjth  i;{  inches.  Pacitic  coast  of  America,  from  Puget  Sound  to  San 
Diego;  almiulant  in  rather  deep  waf.ar;  northern  npecimena  more  dull  in 
color  than  those  frciu  San  l-'raucisco.     {xpv66%,  gold;  /tisAai,  black.) 

Sehastichthi/s  chnimniwlat;  .louo  \N  &.  (tlMiERT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1880,  4r)5  and  4(i5,  Mon- 
terey.   (Typo,  No.  26968.    Coll. , Ionian  &  Gilbert.) 

Sebaitiehtliys  ehn/somelax  var.  pnrjntreun*  Eiqenmann  &  Kiqenmann,  West  Aiuuricun 
S(;iciiti.st188i),  i:iO,  San  Diego. 

SebantijM'n  clifi/xomi'las,  .Ioiidan  &  (rn.DiciiT,  Synopsis,  675. 1883. 

ii:iO.  KKBASTODKS  XKBULOSUS  (AyroH). 

(VBU.OW-SPOTTEI)  ROCKFISU.) 

Head  ^;  depth  -J'};  eye  large,  3  in  head.  I).  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  Inteiiil 
line  49.  l$ody  robust,  the  back  elevated,  the  profile  steep.  Mouth  rather 
large,  the  Jaws  e(|ual,  the  maxillary  2  in  h^ngth  of  head,  extending  to 
beyond  pupil;  jaws  nnked;  preoperuular  spines  short.  Gill  rakers  jih  in 
S,  clirynomcliis.  Dorsal  rather  high,  ccmsiderably  eniarginato,  the  highest 
spines  2  in  head,  higher  than  soft  rays;  caudal  truncate;  second  anal 
spine  2.V  in  head,  stouter  and  slightly  longer  than  third,  much  lower  thiin 
softrjiys;  pectorals  short  and  l)roail,  3.}  in  length,  reaching  beyond  tips 
of  ventrals  to  vent.  Scales  rough,  the  accessory  scales  numerous.  Hones 
of  skull  moderately  thin;  preocular,  postocular,  tympanic,  and  parietal 
spines  present,  the  ridges  very  high  and  strong;  parietal  bones  far  apart; 
interorbital  sjyace  narrow,  5  in  base  of  skull,  made  dt^eply  concave  by  the 
very  high  dupraoccii)ital  ridges,  with  nearly  Hat  center;  ventral  proces.-^ 
of  basisphonoid  well  developed,  mesethmoid  processes  compressed,  thin, 
much  elevated;  base  of  skull  straight.  (Jround  color  blue  black  of  vary- 
ing shade,  sometimes  tinged  with  yellowish  anteriorly,  everywhere  finely 
and  irregularly  freckled  and  spotted  with  yellow  or  white,  the  light  color 
usually  bright  aud  sharply  defined;  these  spots  smallest  and  most  numer- 
ous on  head ;  a  broad  irregular  yellow  band,  made  of  contiuent  blotches, 
from  between  third  and  fourth  dorsal  spines,  involving  their  membrane, 
downward  to  lateral  line,  thence  backward  to  base  of  caudal;  fins  all 
black,  with  light  spots  at  base;  under  parts  soiled  yellow;  peritoneum 
pale.  Length  12  inches.  Pacific  coast  of  America,  from  Vancouver  Islanil 
to  Point  Concepcion;  a  very  pretty  species,  in  rather  deep  water;  abun- 
dant.    {nehulosiiH,  clouded.) 

'  I>r.  Eigeninnnn  thus  dcscribos  Seba.itichthys  chrynomelas pvrpnreus: 
"  The  8Uj)riii«Mil,T  spines  are  raised  niiicli  auova  the,  surrounding  ])arta.  Dor.ial  in  one 
speeiiiicn  Xlll.  l^i  in  the  other  XIV,  12J.  MenibraneBof  all  the  tins  dark  greenish,  tippril 
witli  purple.  Hase  of  anal  yollow.  Head  and  baek  dark  brown;  lower  portions  of  siiles 
purple;  base  ot  pectoral  and  its  upper  half  brown,  tinged  with  yellow.  A  purple  bar  ex- 
tending from  eye  downward' and  backward  to  suboporcle,  below  whicli  is  a  greenish  band. 
Gill  nierobrane.s  an<l  niombranos  below  nif>xillary,  breast,  and  belly  dirty  yellow;  niandible.s 
purple,  lower  lip  yellow,  upper  slate  blue;  membranes  between  third  and  fourtli  and 
soveatli  and  eighth  dor.sal  spines  purple,  the  color  extending  on  back;  a  sim.lar  spot  on 
and  below  last  dorsal  spine ;  sides  irregularly  blotched  with  purple,  this  color  not  forming 
a  band  iriong  posterior  part  of  lateral  line.' 

Two  specimens  from  the  San  Diego  market.  (Eigenniann  &  Eigemnann.)  Whether  tliis 
IS  a  distinct  sitecies  or  blmply  an  Inteusiticatiou  of  the  usual  black  aud  orange  coloration 
we  cauuot  determine. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1827 


.seba»tt»/asciattti,  Giuah»,  Proc.  Ac.  Nut.  .Sci.  Philii.  1854, 146,  and  in  I'.  S.  Ptic.  U.  R.  Surv., 

X,  FiHhos,  70,  1858,  San  Francisco;  not  of  Stouur. 
SfhtttO's  nebulotus,  AviiES,  Proc.  Ciil.  Ac.  Sci.,  I,  1854,  5,  San  Francisco. 
S'liaslichthi/s/asciolarlii,  LocKiNdroN,  Proc.  U.  S.Nat.  Miis.  1880.  2it7,  San  Francisco. 
Sfbantodes  nehulomt.  JoiujAN  &  <iiLHEKT,  Syuopaia,  670, 1883 ;  CuAMBH,Pruc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci., 

8crio8  2,  V,  181)5,  003,  pi.  07,  lig.  32. 

Subgenus  SEBASTICHTHYS,  (ill!. 
2281.  SKBASTODES  KKKKK'KPS  (.lordun  &  <iilbert). 

(TUKEFISH.) 

Iload  3;  depth  2i;  pectoral  3.};  I'ye  small,  5  in  liead.  D.  XIII,  13;  A. 
Ill,  5;  scales  50.  IJody  robust,  compressed  behind.  Head  compre-ssed. 
.Month  large,  the  raa.villary  reaohinjjc  to  opposite  middle  of  eye,  its  length 
:.H  in  head;  Jaws  e(|ual.  Cranial  ridges  covered  with  lax,  thick  skin, 
placed  nearly  in  a  right  lino  on  each  side;  interorbital  space  closely 
sciilcd;  preorbitiil  rather  broad;  preopercnlar  spines  sharp;  .ja\v,s  naked; 
iiicmbranes  of  spinous  dorsal  thick,  covered  with  small  scales.  Gill 
rakers  short,  stitf,  and  clavate.  Dorsal  spines  strong,  rather  low,  scarcely 
exserted,  lower  than  the  soft  rays,  the  longest  2jf  in  head;  second  anal 
si)iiies  2\  in  head,  stronger  than  third,  scarcely  longer;  pectorals  broad 
and  rounded,  the  lower  rays  thickened,  the  tips  reaching  vent;  ventrals 
reaching  bey<md  vent;  caudal  rounded,  liones  of  skull  moderately  thick; 
])r(M)cular,  postocular,  tympanic,  parietal,  and  nuchal  spines  present,  short, 
tliick,  rather  blunt,  the  ridges  very  thick  and  high;  nuchal  spines  some- 
tiiiios  coalescent  with  parietals;  parietal  bones  meeting  in  a  straight  line; 
interorbital  space  narrow,  6  in  base  of  skull,  concave;  2  strong  ridges 
over  mucous  canals;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  well  developed; 
nicsethmoid  processes  strong,  compressecl,  slightly  elevated,  distal  half 
dicurvcd;  base  of  skull  straight.  Dark  olive,  blackish  above,  yellowish 
below;  sides  with  about  7  oblique  black  cross  bands,  widjr  than  eye, 
usually  sharply  defined,  but  sometimes  faint  in  the  young;  2  black  bands 
downward  and  backward  from  eye;  lips,  mouth,  front  and  lower  part  of 
head  strongly  washed  with  coppery  red;  bases  of  tins  with  small  whitish 
spots;  lins  blackish  olive;  cranial  ridges  black;  peritoneum  pale.  Length 
\'l  inches.  Coa.st  of  California,  from  Point  Keyes  to  Cerros  Island;  very 
abundant  southward,  about  rocks  near  shore;  on(!  of  the  most  singularly 
marked  of  the  rocktishes.     {svvrii,  saw;  -cvpa,  head.) 

Scbattichthyt  serriceps,  J onvAN  &.  Gilhekt,  Proc;.  1'.  S.Xat.  Mua.  1880, 38,  Santa  Catalina 
Island;  Santa  Barbara.    (Typo,  No.  26918.    Coll.  Jordan  &  Gilbert.) 

Hi'bastodeg  serriceps,  JoKDAN  &  CriLBEUT,  Synopsi.s,  070,1883;  Chameu,  Proc,  Cal.  Ac.  Sci., 
series  2,  v,  1895, 001,  pi.  05,  tig.  25. 


letlierthis 
coloration 


2'232.  fSKIl.lSTODKS  M(JBOCI.\(  TIS  (Ayrea). 
(Black-handed  Kockfish.) 

Head  2^;  depth  ?.^;  eye  large,  4|r  in  head.  D.  XIII,  15;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales 
">0.  Hody  short,  deep,  and  compressed,  dee])er  than  in  any  of  the  other 
species;  back  arched.    Head  large,  conipresb.  d.    Mouth  very  large ;  max- 


Ijff 


.11 


1828        Bulletin  ^7,  U?tited  States  National  Museum, 


illary  extendinf;  to  beyond  pupil,  2  in  bead;  lower  jaw  very  Hlightiy  pro- 
jecting, the  Bymphysis  not  prodnced;  premaxillary  scarcely  below  eye. 
Cranial  ridges  higher  than  in  any  other  species,  their  Hpines  blunt,  tlic 
ridges  arranged  in  2  nearly  parallel  series  as  in  S.  serricepa,  the  snrfaoe  ot 
the  larger  ones  roughened  by  accessory  spinous  tubercles  ns  in  S.  ruh<  r 
rimua;  occipital  ridges  very  high;  skin  covering  cranial  ridges  thin  01 
obsoh'te,  not  lax;  intercrbital  space  S])ar8eiy  scaled,  very  narrow,  its 
breadth  a  little  more  than  i  diameter  of  eye,  with  very  strong  frontal 
ridges,  which  are  not  covered  by  the  scales;  jaws  naked;  preorbital  broad, 
a  low  ridge  extending  along  its  surface  and  that  of  the  suborbital;  this 
ridge,  somewhat  rough  and  not  covered  with  the  scales,  is  continuous 
with  the  short  suboribital  stay;  preopercular  spines  short,  very  blunt, 
the  opercular  spines  very  strong ;  scapular  spines  moderate.  Gill  rakers 
short  and  stout,  clavate,  the  longest  nearly  i  the  diameter  of  the  eye. 
Dorsal  spines  rather  high  and  strong,  the  longest  2^  in  head,  about  as  hi^li 
as  soft  rays,  the  fin  not  deeply  emarginate;  caudal  tin  rounded;  anal  I'm 
high,  its  second  spine  2|  in  head,  higher  and  much  stronger  than  the  thinl ; 
pectorals  broad,  fan-shaped,  3J  in  length,  their  base  J  bronder  than  tlio 
diameter  of  the  orbit,  their  tips  not  quite  reaching  tips  of  veutrals.  Scales 
rough.  Base  of  skull  nearly  straight;  interorbital  space  concave  and 
narrow,  about  6  in  base  of  skull;  process  of  mesethmoid  directed  nearly 
horizontally  (in  an  old  specimen);  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  well 
developed;  cranial  ridges  very  strong  and  high;  interorbital  space  widen- 
ing quite  markedly  backward,  parietals  meeting  in  middle  lines.  Briglit 
orange  red,  with  .5  jet-black  vertical  bars,  overlaid  with  bright  red;  tluHc 
bars  comparatively  narrow,  none  of  them  wider  than  eye;  1  at  beginninu 
of  dorsal,  extending  downward  on  opercle  and  scapular  region;  a  second, 
broader  one,  under  middle  of  spinous  dorsal;  a  third  under  posterior  part 
of  spinous  dorsal;  the  fourth  narrower,  under  front  of  soft  dorsal;  the  lit'tli 
under  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  all  of  these  extending  on  the  dorsal  fin ;  J 
oblique  black  bands  from  eye,  downward  and  backward  across  cheek ; 
another  upward  and  backward  toward  the  nape;  fins  uniform  deep  orangt', 
anal  and  veutrals  tipped  with  blackish;  mouth  red;  peritoneum  white. 
Length  2  feet.  Pacific  coast  of  America,  from  Monterey  to  Vancouver 
Island,  in  deep  water;  very  rare  southward;  occasionally  about  the  J'aral- 
loncs,  where  the  specimens  here  described  were  taken ;  rather  common  in 
the  straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca;  a  large  and  singular  species,  the  most  strik- 
ing in  color  of  the  group,  and  scarcely  less  beautiful  than  Schastodesnihii- 
vinciua.  It  is  evidently  closely  related  to  Svbaatodea  avrriccpa,  {nigcr,  black ; 
cincttia,  girdle.) 

SebaHes  nigrocinctus,  Atres,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  n,  1859, 25  and  217,  flg.  6,  San  Francisco. 
Sebagtichthijii  nigrocinctus,  Gn.L,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1802,  278. 
Sebastodee  nigrocinctus,  Jorpan  &  Gilbert,  Syuopsis,  677, 1883. 

Note.— For  purposes  of  comparison  we  here  append  diagnoses  of  tho 
(■emaiuing  known  species  of  Scbaaiodea. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1829 

1.  Si'ECIEH    UkLATED  to    SEBASTODES   MEIJINOPS  AND   S.  OVALIS,    KIIOM   THE   NOUTUERN 

Shores  of  Jai>an. 

a.  SEBASTODES  I>'EU3IIS  (Cuvior  &  Valencioiinos). 

(Me  waru.) 

Head  vory  sliglitly  raoro  tlmn  depth  [  depth  2i  to  3.  D.  XIII,  15;  A.  Ill,  7;  lat«'ral 
iiiin  :iHto  42  (ponis).  Nasul,  proix^uhir,  postociihir.  tyiiipauic,  and  puriutal  Hpinos present,  all 
iinliiiientary.  Upper  profile  of  huad  rising  rather  rapidly,  without  curvinUi  to  the  slightly 
I  iiivtsdnaiJO.  Head  pointed  forward.  Lower  jaw  projecting,  witlisyniphyseal  knob.  Orhit 
r:il her  more  than  3  to  31  j  snout  (to  tip  of  rhin)  23  to  2};  interorhital  space  4i  to4J  in  la-ad. 
Jlciuth  oblique.  Maxillary  reaching  middle  of  eye  or  a  little  beyond.  Teeth  in  narrow 
blinds  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatineH.  Proorbital  low,  with  2  strong  8)>ines  directed  back- 
wiinl.  Maxillary  and  mandible  scaly.  Ui.per  outline  of  spinous  dorsal  <iuit((  strongly 
curved,  fifth  and  sixth  spines  nearly  \  as  long  as  head,  first  spine  but  little  more  tnan 
\  orbit,  the  twelfth  about  eiiual  to  snout.  Vontrals  about  2ij,  pectoral  about  IJ,  caudal 
alioiit  \\  iu  head;  ventrals  reaching  nearly  as  far  back  as  longest  pectoral  rays,  In  some 
cases  nearly  to  origin  of  anal;  second  anal  spiuo  stronger,  sometimes  a  little  shorter, 
Biiiiietimes  a  little  longer  than  third;  caudal  nearly  truncate.  Maxillary  extieiiioly 
weakly  scaled ;  mandildo  (tiel),  snout,  and  pieorbital  scaloless.  Lateral  line  parallel  with 
dorsal  outline,  38  to  42  jwres  on  body,  2  on  caudaL  Dlackish  gray  or  reddish  violet,  paler 
Ik  low.    Abundant  at  Tokio.    (St«indachncr  &  Diiderlein.) 

6V(;(f*(!c«  infir»ii«,  CuviEB  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  iv,  346,  1829,  Japan  (inter- 
orbital  space  not  concave);  GCntueb,  Cat.,  11,  97,  1800;  Hilgkndork,  Sitz.-Bericht. 
(leselliiaturf.  Freunde,  IJorlin,  172, 1880;  Steindachneb  &  DOdeblein,  Beukschr. 
Akad.  Wiss.  Wien  1884, 205. 

h,  SEBASTODES  VEXTBICOSl'S  (Temminck  &  Schlegel). 

I'pper  surface  of  head  flat,  the  ridges  and  spines  very  feeble;  interorbital  width  5  in 
liead;  Jower  jaw  acutely  prominent;  maxillary  reaching  middle  of  eye.  Fourth  dorsal 
Hpiuo  longest,  nearly  \  length  of  head,  much  longer  than  third  aual  spine.  Brownish. 
Sea  of  Japan.    (Giiuther.) 

Uilgendorf  regards  .V. centricofiw as  identical  with  iSi. tnermw,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes; 
but  it  appear?  to  be  distinct. 

Si'bnsteii  venti-ieomg,  Temminck  &  Schlegel,  Fauna  Japon.,  Poise.,  48,  pi.  xx,  figs.  1,  2, 
1842 ;  Bleekeb,  Ycrhaud.  Batav.  Guuootsch.,  xxvi,  80 ;  U Ontukb,  Cat.,  11, 97, 1860. 


Francisco. 


loses  of  tlio 


c.  SEBASTODES  JOYNEBI  (Guuther). 

(TOKBNOKO  ME  WAIIU.) 

Head  3  to  3A;  depth  3.  D.  XIII,  14  or  15;  A.  Ill,  7;  P.  10  (V) ;  lateral  lino  al)out  42  to 
411  (pores).  Orbit  3;  snoutand  iuterorbital  width  more  than  3Jin  bead.  Mouth  moderate, 
olilicitio;  projecting  lower  jaw  with  sympbyseal  knob.  Teeth  delicate,  sharp,  iu  narrow 
bands.  Maxillary  not  <iuite  reaching  middle  of  eye.  Preorbital  low  (broad?)  with  2 
strung  spines  directed  downward  and  backward.  First  (uppermost)  spine  of  preopercle 
11  little  weaker  than  the  fifth;  second  longest,  the  others  decreasing  rapidly  in  length. 
Opercular  spines  parallel,  the  upper  stronger.  Maxillary,  under  side  of  lower  jaw,  as  in 
IS.  ini'nni».  Preorbital  and  greater  part  of  snout  (nearly  whole  head  except  lips)  scaled. 
Pores  of  lower  jaw  inconspicuous.  Fourth  to  sixth  dorsal  spines  longest,  2  in  head ;  sec- 
ond aual  spine  stronger  but  eijual  to  third  in  length,  2  iu  head.  Pectoral  somewhat 
pointed  toward  tip,  as  long  as  or  only  a  little  shorter  than  head,  reaching  beyond  vent  or 
oven  to  origin  of  anal.  Ventral  and  caudal  IJ  in  bead,  the  latter  slightly  concave;  basal 
half  of  spinous  dorsal  with  minute  scales;  whole  of  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  com- 
pletely scaled.    Color  in  life  (Diiderlein),  red,  darker  on  the  back;  5  blackish  cross 


1830         Dullctin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


I 


I-  : 


bamlH  running  npon  dorsal  fin  an.l  on<Une  bolow  (except  second  and  third)  at  lateriil  line; 
laHl  2  Imndrt  Hliort,  rounded;  tlio  toug(>st  2,  niiddlit  bunds  soniotinit'M  interrii|itcd,  niiii 
Honietini(>!4t'()rniin;;2Hpota.  Len^itbOJ  incht's.  Japan;  Nijiiion,  Tokio;  a|i])art!Utl.v  indi'i  p 
water.  (StoindaclmtT  &  Uodcrlein.)  ICrronoouMly  identiliud  with  S.  inerinit,  Cuvicr  a 
Valencit^nneH,  by  llil;;endorl  and  Dtidcrli'in. 

Hebaiitfi  joyneti,  (JOntmek,  Ann.  and  Maj;.  Nat.  Hist.,  i,  1878,  4H5,  Niphon;  Clialleii;;(.| 

Report,  Sliore  Kishes,  04,  pi.  20,  11):.  A,  1880. 
Sebaitteii  Uwrmin,  IIu.uKNDonF,  S,  IJ,  (Jesell.  natiirf.  Freuude,  llerlin,  172,  with  plate,  18KU; 

8TEiMJACiiNii:u  &  DUUKKLEIN,  DeiikHvli.  Aknd.  WIhb.  Wion,  200. 1884. 

rf.  SEBASTODKS  KLEWAXS  (Stcindacbnor  &  Diidorlein). 

Head  and  deptb  23.  I).  XIII,  12;  A.  Ill,  0;  scales  liS  (pons).  Nasal,  postoenlar,  tym 
]>anic,  and  oc(;ipital  spines  present,  but  little  developed.  Urbit  3}  in  bend,  and  attain-.  ; 
ot  snout,  iJ  of  interorbital  space.  Maxillary  rcacliin;;  posterior  rim  of  orbit.  Teotli  in 
rather  narrow  bands.  Inferior  border  of  preorbital  slightly  sinuate.  Maxillary,  nmn- 
dible,  and  preorbital  naked.  Pores  on  lower  Jaw  plain.  Fourth  to  seventh  dorsal  spinrs 
longest;  second  anal  spine  a  little  stronger  and  lower  than  third;  all  the  pectoral  mvs 
are  simple  (said  by  Steindachnt'i  to  bo  only  a  i)eeuliarity  of  young  individuals) ;  ciuulal 
truncate.  The  following  measurements  are  tiiken  with  the  head  as  standard:  Widllmi' 
head  2J;  fourth  dorsal  spine  4J,  penultimate  4,\,  the  last  3J;  donsal  rays  2J;  pectoral  ll : 
venlrals  V{ ;  base  of  pectoral  Itj!;  ventrals  reaching  to  veiit,  the  pectorals  beyond.  Cdldv 
light;  body  with  5  dark  brown,  more  or  less  interrupted  cross  bands;  similar  spots  cnv- 
ering  tins  and  nnder  side  of  licad  and  body;  heml  dark  above  and  with  several  diirK- 
brown  baiuls  radiating  from  eye.  A  single  individual.  Tagawa.  Length  2J  inches. 
(Steindachner  iV  Dilderlein.) 

Sebanten  ekijang,  STiiiNUACiiN'K  &.  D<ideulein,  Deukschr.  Akad.  AViss.  Wiou,  205,  1S8I, 
Tagawa. 

e.  SKBASTODES  STEINDA(il>EUI  (Hilgcndorf). 

(AKA  SOI;    YANAOI  no  MAI.) 

Iload^i.  D.XTII,15;  A. 111,7;  P.18(!;);  lateralline  30  (pores).  Spines  not  prominent. 
Xasal<iuite  strong;  preoeular,  supraocular,  and  tympanic  rudimentary.  I'reorbital  wiili'j 
blunt  spines  or  lobes.  Scales  moderate;  mandible  and  preorbital  naked;  pectoral  sculv, 
rough.  Orbit  (longitudinal  diameter)  ;ij  in  head  (J  in  snout).  Interorbital  spacie  I ;  in 
orbit  (vertical  dianu^ter),  4  in  head  (ju-obably  convex).  Maxillary  reaching  beyond  niiddU* 
of  eyo.  First  dorsal  spine  2J,  penultimate  2f,  to  3J,  last  2J  to  3  in  head.  Second  anal  spino 
longest, 2J in  head ;  third  2| to 2]  in  head.  Red;  adark  spot  on  ui)i)er  partof  opcrcle.  l)is. 
tinguislied  by  the  long  i)enultimate  dorsal  spine.  Length  11  inches.  Yezo.  (Hilgeudorl'. 
De8crii)tion  from  dry  si)ecimens.) 

Sehastes  gteindachncri,'R.\hQV.T^iioVLV,ii.  B.  Gesell.  naturf.  Freunde,  Berlin,  172,  with  pl.uc, 
1880,  Yezo. 

/.  SEBASTODES  OBLO\«US  (Giinther). 

Head  3g;  depth  3J.  D.  XIII,  12;  A.  Ill,  5;  lateral  lino  about  05.  Scales  rather  irrp;,'n 
lar,  much  snuiller  above  than  below  lateral  lino.  Heart  scaly  above  as  '''ir  forward  as  nos- 
trils; very  minute  scales  on  preorbital.  Snout  pointed,  longer  than  uj'C.  Interorl)ii;il 
space  Hat,  er|ual  to  eye,  0  in  head.  Kone  of  spines  on  upper  side  of  head  projecting,  those 
on  preoiiercle  obtu.se.  Teeth  in  broad  l.auds  on  Jaws,  vomer,  antl  palatines.  Maxilhirv 
reaching  |(osterior  margin  of  eye.  Dorsal  s]>ines  strong,  fourth  t"  seventh  longest,  2!  in 
head;  anal  spines  stronger,  much  shorter  than  longest  dorsal.  Brownish,  marbh'd  with 
darker;  lower  parts  and  all  tins  with  brown  spots;  an  obli()ue  brown  streak  from  prenr- 
bital  toward  angle  of  preoporcle.  Inland  sea,  Japan ;  market  of  Yokohama.  (Giintliei-. ) 
Si'ba-stes  ohlongna,  GOnther,  Challenger  Report  Shore  Fishes,  04,  pi.  28,  1J80,  Inland  sea, 
Japan,  Yokohama;  Hiloenuguf,  S.  B.  Gcsell.  naturf.  Freunde,  Berlin,  171,  with  plate, 
1880. 


m 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America      1831 


ij.  SKItASTOI»KS  NITZCKritll,  Crimicr  iitw  Hpoclcx. 

Ilonrl  1\\  (Ipptli  :ii.  1).  XIII,  1i!;  A.  Ill,  7;  liitonil  lino  VI  (|.(in>M).  Nimnl,  imntoniliir, 
lyiiipiitilc,  anil  |iiii-ii-tiil  H|iin<-  pri'HiMit,  all  niiliiiu-iitiir.v.  Oi'liil  <'i|iiiiliii);  inltTorbital  h|iiii'(>, 
V.  ill  lit'ad,  1|^  ill  HiKiiit.  Maxillary  rvachiii;;  liryoiiil  iMmtcriorriiiKil'tirlill.  Tci'tliiiii  jawH 
HI  liriiail  ImiulM.  Inferior  bonier  of  prt'drliiial  vrrv  Hli;;litly  lolx'd.  Lower  iin'oiicrciilar 
s|>lii('H  lu-arly  olisolctr.  lluail  Hcaly,  maxillary  ami  iiiaiidiblv  iiakcil.  I'ort'soii  lowi-r  jaw 
liiit  liltlu  (lt)Vt>lo|i('d.  Fourth  to  Ncvcntli  dorsal  H|iliieM  loii);est;  Hccond  anal  H|iiiii' longer 
iiiid  HtniiiKi'i'  than  third-  |ioi'loral  roiiiidi'd;  caudal  Hli^htly  concavo.  Tlin  following 
iiicaHurciiu'iitH  are  taken  with  the  head  aH  Htaiidard.  Width  of  head  2^ ;  fourth  dorsal 
s|iliie2|:  peniilliniato  5;  last  dorsal  H|iino -il ;  second  anal  H|)ine  11,  third  3]  :  dorHal  rays 'JJ : 
|M'c'toral  1^  i  ventrals  \l\  hasuof  pei^toral  4^ ;  vent ra Is  reaeliini;  lo  vout,  pectorals  hoyond. 
I'xiily  dark  lirowii;  r>  dark  hniids  radiating;  liackward  from  uyo;  lower  part  of  head 
|i;ile  with  brown  Hpots.  Single  individual.  Tokio  LeiiKth  1'.'^  iiieheH.  (Sleindachner  &, 
Diiderlein.)  Stcindachiier  has  called  this  a  doubtful  variety  of  ,S'  o^iojij/K/i,  (liinther;  but 
II  HceiiiH  to  be  diHtinct  The  dilliciilty  of  coniparison  is  increased  by  diacropaucieH 
Iji'twucn  (iiinther'H  deHcription  and  tlgiiie. 

SAxtilfii  oblouiiua  (Viirf),  Steinuach.nku  \  1)<")Di;hi,ein,  Deukschr.  Akad.AViss.  Wion,  204, 
1884,  Tokio. 

;i.  KEUASTODKS  TACZAXMVSKII  (Stelndnchner). 


on,  205, 1S8I, 


Head  3;  depth  fi  little  morP  than  :(.  D.  XIII  or  XIV,13orl4;  A.III,7;  IMO,  latornllin- 
l(i  i](ores).  llend  as  in.V  ineniiis,  Cuvier  \-  Valenciennes.  Su]iraocuhir  rejiion  and  occiput 
without  externally  visilile  spines  or  ridgcis.  Nasal  and  i>reocular  H]iiiie8  present,  weak. 
SpiiioiiH  dorsal  low,  with  evenly  (curved  iiiarKin ;  sixth  dorsal  spine  bifjhest,  equal  todis- 
tiiiic(<  from  posterior  niar;,'iii  of  orbit  to  tiji  of  iijiper  opercular  sjiine.  Masai  third  of 
s|iiiiouH  dorsal  and  more  than  basal  half  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaled.  Pectoral  3ij  in 
liody.  Orbit  3J;  interorbital  space  5;  snout  (to  tip  of  sliglitly  projecting  <'liin)  3J;  ^rfi't- 
est  width  of  head  2^  in  head.  Tcetli  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines,  small,  shar)).  Triiii- 
lute  end  of  maxillary  reaching  nearly  to  ])osterior  rim  of  orbit,  rrooperclo  wit!i  r>  si)ines, 
sicoiid  and  third  longc'st,  nearly  ennal  the  )ioints  directed  upward  and  backward,  the 
lowest  very  short ;  an;ile  of  preopercle  rounded;  ojiercle  with  2  sharp  sjiines,  the  iijiiht 
l(pii;;er.  Anterior  dorsal  rays  highest,  little  longer  than  longest  spine;  caudal  nearly 
tiiiiicate,  almost  entirely  scaled,  second  anal  siiine  longer  and  stronger  than  third, 
sli^ilitly  curved,  a  little  shorter  than  caudal;  first  ventral  ray  longest,  J  of  bead,  the 
•spine  as  long  as  highest  dorsal  siiine.  Mrownish  violet,  grailiially  ]ialer  toward  belly; 
wiihoiit  or  ■with  indistinct  i)atches  of  darker  shades  on  body  and  longitudinal  bands 
bcliiiid  ej'O;  tins  blackish;  caudal  -white  edged.  Length  C  inches.  Northern  Japan. 
(Steindachnor.) 

Dr.  Jordan  and  iJr.Gillicrt  have  the  following  notes  on  a  specimen  10  cm.  long,  from 
Sliiina  Bay,  Itiiriip  Island  (one  of  the  Kiirlls).  The  specimen  agrees  well  with  .Stein- 
dachiK-.--'  description  of  the  types,  which  came  from  northern  Ja]mii: 

nil  •  tvarni  brown  above  and  on  sides,  paler  brown  below;  (d)8cure  shadings  of  darker 
iirown  on  upper  ])art  of  sides;  many  scales  with  basal  or  central  area  darker;  opercles 
Willi  a  dusky  sliaile;  no  dark  streaks  on  head;  tins  brown,  all  except  the  ])eetorals  and 
ciiulal  becoming  distinctly  black  on  distal  ]iortion;  lining  of  buccal  and  gill  cavities 
wliite,  but  with  a  narrow  dark  streak  along  each  side  of  tloor  of  mouth  anteriorly  ;  peri- 
loiieiiin  brownisli  black,  uniformly  and  densely  lugmented.  (Jrown  an'1  occiput  evenly 
ciiincx,  without  sjiines  or  ridges.  Nasal  spines  low  and  strong.  A  rather  wide,  low  pro- 
IK  iilar  ridge,  ending  in  a  strong  depressed  spine ;  su[iraociilar  ridge  nearly  obsolete, 
without  sjiine,  its  posterior  portion  evenlv  scaled  over.  Preorbital  sinuate  anteriorly, 
without  spines;  preopercular  spines  short  and  strong  flattened,  the  second  and  third 
llu^  largest,  directed  backward,  the  fifth  reiircsented  by  a  sliglitly  ])roJecting  lobe;  oper- 
cular spines  similar  to  tliose  on  preopercle,  the  lower  the  largest.  Gill  rakers  long  and 
slender,  10-f27,  the  longest  half  the  orbital  diameter.  Head  3}  in  length;  de]>th  2,'';,. 
I.iiist  dejith  caudal  jieduncle  3i  in  lii.'ad.  Kye  llj  in  head;  interorbital  space  4i;  snout  4; 
iiiiixillary  2.    U.  XII,  1, 14;  A,  III,  7.     Pectorals  with  16  ray,  of  which  the  lower  7  are 


'  .'■  -kV 


I' 


i  i '' 

Mil 


• 


l! 


m 


I 


18;J2         DHlletin  4J,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


Hiniplu.  Fnrlydve  pnreH  in  tlio  liitonil  lino.  S|)inouH  iloi-Hnl  luw,  with  evenly  roinxli  d 
vontuiir,  till'  toiirtli,  lll'lli,  nnil  Hixtli  H|iinttH  i'<|nnl,  twico  tin*  t  WL'll'tli,  2^  in  IioimI  Longest 
Hot't  riiy  uf  tloiHul  2]  in  IicikI.  Sticonil  iinal  H|iinu  l<>n^'t>r  uiul  much  NtronKor  than  tlitnl,  j 
in  huml.  CiiikIuI  Hli)(hlly  (tniarginiitit.  I'ci^lornU  rcncliinK  lit-yond  vuut,  3J  in  lutif;ili. 
VentriiU  HllKhlly  uvttrliipping  tlio  vont,  e<|niklinK  diHtuuro  from  tip  ct'  Huuiit  to  upper  end 
of  preiipercle.  8<'alu8  atrougly  ctonohl,  i)xc«|it  on  t-heukH,  broiiat,  iinil  tina.  Topof  lirad 
Mculi'il  forward  toiwiHal  apinitH.  Chveka,  oporclcH,  and  iiroorbititla  wholly  inveatod,  exciiii 
the  anterior  extremity  of  the  latter.  MnxiUary  and  mandible  with  |iurtiully  onibediit  d 
cycloid  acahm.  IhauchiuHlegal  raya  naked,  or  partially  inveated.  Kculua  on  bruaHt  and 
prepectoral  area  ex(U^HMively  amall  Many  HUiall  aixeaaory  acalea  on  hack  uud  aidi  s. 
Baaal  ^  to  J  of  vertical  linH  denaoly  acalud  iSeriua  uf  flue  aculua  follow  pectoral  and  ven- 
tral raya  nearly  to  their  tipa. 

ScbasteM  taezanoirtkii,  Stkindachneu,  Sitzlt.  Akad.  Wina.  Wien,  280,  pi.  2,  ilg.  1  (dorsal 
XIV,  13),  1880,  Baya  of  the  Gulf  of  Stuietok,  Sea  of  Japan 

II.  Si'KClEH  ALLIED  TO  SKnASTODEH  H08ACKIW,  FBOM  SOOTU  AMERICA  AND  THE  CAI'E  SKAH. 

i.  8EBAKT0DES  OCVLATUS  (Cuvior  &.  ValuncienuoB). 
(Oaurilla.) 

Uodythiclcftet,  Ita  depth  .Hn  total  length.  D.XIII,  14;  A. 111,8;  IM8.  Nasal,  preociil.n, 
aupraocular,  pontw—Ui,  (.^nipanic  anil  parietal  Hpines  preaent,  (julte  atrong.  Openie, 
supruauapularbnd  ac.^'pula  with  Hmaller  Hpinea.  Nutehinga  of  the  preoporcle  distinct  ami 
us  atrong  aa  the  apinea.  Doraal  apiuea  xlender,  anal  apinoa  longer  and  atrongt^r.  Caudal 
truncate.  Color  (m.,  (iray's  lignre',  reddish  brown  on  back,  ailvery  rose  below;  4 brilliant 
roayapotaonthebrownof  backat  oaaeof  dorsal,  thotlrat  under foiirtli spine,  aocond  undir 
ninth  apino,  the  third  under  origin,  and  the  fiiurth  under  end  of  soft  dorsal;  there  I.h  a 
tifth  spot  on  the  aide  at  the  height  of  the  Hhouldur  and  between  the  tlrst  2  spots;  tins 
brown  (more  or  less  deep)  and  bordered  with  bright  rose.  Description  baaed  ou  an  indi 
vidual  4i  inches,  the  ilguroon  one  8  inches  long.  On  rocky  bottoms  in  deep  water,  \  al 
paraiso,  Coaat  of  Chile.    (Cuvier  ifc  Valenciennea.) 

Sebantcs  ocvlata,  Cdvier  &.  Valenciennes,  Uist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  ix,  400,  1833,  Valparaiso; 
GUmthbb,  Cat.  fishc  ,  105,  1800  (in  part). 

j.  SKBASTODKS  UABWIM  (Cramer). 

Closely  a.'f i<>d  to  Sehastodes rosaceim.  Spines  similar  in  number  and  position, but  a  trilli< 
higher;  up'>er  spines  un  preoperde  longest.  Gill  rakera  slender,  x  +  18,  nearly  as  long  an 
pupil.  itwa  aube(|ual.  Pectoral  short  IJ  in  hi^ad,  the  lower  rays  tliickeued  Second 
analjpi.io  long,  curved.  Anal  III,  0.  Compared  with  a  specimen  of  S.  rosaeeus  ot  tln' 
aame  size,  the  snout  is  blunter  in  >S'.  darwiin,  the  cranial  ridges  are  a  shade  higher;  tiir 
pectoral  is  ahorter,  reaching  only  to  vent,  wliile  iu  S.  rosaceu/iit  reaches  to  second  anal 
apine;  the  aeuond  anal  spine  is  much  longer  than  third  (subequal  iu  H.  rosace u n) -,  the 
dorsal  spines  are  lower,  3  in  head  (2^  in  S.  rosaccitu).  Scales  similar.  Mexillones,  Pern 
Here  described  from  the  MS.  notes  of  Dr.  Jordan  ou  the  typo  in  Mus.  of  Coiiip.  Zool , 
Cambridge,  Alaaa. 

Jenyua  described  a  specimen  from  Valparaiso  as  S.oculattiti  of  Cuvier  &  Valencieiiinh, 
but  pointed  out  distinctions  between  the  two,  whi<'li  with  later  knowledge  of  related 
8pcc'':<i,  prove  beyond  a  doubt  that  it  is  distinct ;  it  is  probably  identical  witli  S.  danrini 
from  Peru.  He  also  mentioned  the  ligure  of  another  species  from  Valparaiao,  very  (lis 
tinct  from  the  others  in  having  the  apines  of  the  head  less  developed.  About  50  Hpeei<s 
of  the  genua  have  been  described  from  the  north  temperate  waters  of  the  Pacific  coast  dl' 
America,  and  it  is  not  improbable  that  the  species  of  this  geuiis  will  be  found  numcruu.s 
in  the  temperate  waters  of  the  South  American  coast. 

f  Sebastea  oculata,  Jenyns,  Voyage  H.  M.  S.  Beagle,  Zool.,  Fish.,  No.  ii,  part  4,  37, 1840, 

Valparaiso.    (Coll.  Darwin.) 
Sebatte.  darwini,  Cbameb,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1890,  Mexillones,  Peru. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America,      1833 


CAI'B  SEAH. 


k.  SFItASTOHKM  ('AI>K.\SIS  (Oinnllii). 

lloiiil3;  iloplh  34  111  tofnl  lon«tli.  I). XIII,  i;i;  A.  Ill.fl:  Internl  lino  70;  pyloric  rn'cii 
1 1.  r|>|M'r  (turl'iii'ii  of  lit'iul  rather  Hat,  wit  It  low  rid^TN  ami  hoiiic  dcpri'SMi'tl  H|iiii<>N  lii'liiiiil 
nrliit.  Iiitcrurbltnl  wUlMi  6  in  liitnil.  Maxillary  rvachiiiK  Itoyimil  iiiiilillt'  of  I'yu.  Third 
to  Hi'venth  dorniil  Hpini's  in-iirly  n|ual,  H  in  lioad;  Hccond  anal  8)>in('  lonKUHt.  ICoddiMli. 
CaiirSonH.    ((iiinthor.) 

Stclndaclincr  haw  coriipartMl  .v.  oruXatHt,  T'livior  \-  VnlcnrionncH,  with  nj)crinii'ns  of  S. 
(,i\ien»\x  Ivrnw  tlio  Cn))o  nl'  (inod  Ilupn,  and  I'liund  no  ditrcrcnci'  wliuti'vor  liotw(>on  tlioni, 
ami  conHiilerit  tlu>ni  idrntiral.  'I'ho  oarly  liiHtury  of  thf  i;roii|i  1h  full  of  idontillcations  of 
iljilrront  HpiM'iuH  whoHo  diHtinctnoMH  in  now  oHtiililislu'd  hcyond  ii  duiilit,  nnd  it  Ih  drairahlu 
tliiit  oxt«'n8lvo  t'oinparUonM  he  niad(>  between  lliese  twos|iecie.t  before  they  are  merged. 
Tliire  are  «oine  striking  di.sere))ancie;i  in  tlie  rarioiia  descriptions  and  ll^uros  of  .S'.  ca/'cn- 
AiV,  and  it  wonld  not  be  Mnr]>rlHinK  if  a  eloge  Htudy  Hhoiild  re\'eal  scvorul  wolliuarked 
H|i(  rie«  at  the  (;npe  itHelf. 

/'•  ica  dofUtt  monnptcri/gio,  iinnsow,  Zoopliylnr.fMim,  No.  20;t,  83, 1763. 
Siiiiiiiina  enpfimis,  G.mki.iv,  SyHt.  Nat.,  in,  iui'.i,  i7H8,  Oapo  of  Good  Hope. 
Si-«ri>ifna  (ifricniin,  L.xcki'I.dk,  Mist.  Xiit.  I'oiss.,  iii,2ti«.  IHO'j,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
li,oaslcKcniifii.ii».  CrviKii  \'.  Vai.knciennks,  IliHt.  Nat.  I'oisH.,  iv,  341,  182!>;  (Ktoy  \-  (!ai- 

MAiiit,  Astrol.,  Vol.  Ill,  I'oiHs.,  01)0,  pi.  11.  (!«.  3,  1831;    S.tUTll,  lllustr.  S.  Air.  I'istea,  j)!. 

'."-MlK-l.  18-l-'>:  <iUNTIIKH.  (;at.,  J''inli.,ll,0((,  IHIiO. 
I'ma  a/ra,  Uuonuw,  Cut.  Fish.,  KU.  Gruy,  113, 1854,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

III.  ALUKI)  to    SKKASTODErt    ALEl'TIANUH,   IS  THK  JAPANESE  Si'KriKS. 

I.  SKB.ISTOHKS  MATSritAlt.K  (llilfiendorf). 

(AKA  TWO.) 

Ile.id  2h  D.  XIII,  12;  A.  Ill,  0;  r.20  (',!;);  lateral  line  nbont  30.  Trcocnlnr,  snpra- 
iii'iilar,  postocnl.ir,  tynipnnie,  coroual,  ]iarietal,  and  iiuc.lial  spines  {iresent ;  preocnlarH 
lai'Ki^,  the  parietal  and  nuehal  H]>inus  close  to;;otlier  at  the  end  of  a  Bhnrp-edf;ed  jiarietal 
ri(l;:o.  A  i)air  of  wtMik  ridjjes  on  iiiterorbital  space,  between  them  a  median  ;;roovo.  Pre- 
i)rl)iial  witli  3  spines,  the  tirst  blunt, rounded,  the  seeond  and  third  siieceasivoly  more 
pciiiilod,  tho  last  directed  nearly  downwaid.  Scales  moderate;  head  nearly  completely 
scaled;  pectoral  tin  scaly.  Horizontal  diameter  of  eyo  2|  in  head,  J  iu  length  of  snout. 
Iiihnirbital  space  1 J  in  vertical  diameter  of  eye,  4  in  head.  Maxillary  reaching  beyond 
iiiiildle  of  eye.  Lon^t'st  spine  of  tirst  dorsal  2J  in  head,  the  last  but  one,  4,  and  the  last 
spine,  :!.l  in  the  head;  second  and  third  anal  spines  equal  in  length,  2J  in  head.  Eye 
larue.  Coh>r  red.  (Ililgcndorf.)  The  tyi)e  on  which  this  description  is  based  came  from 
llm  Island  of  Honto.  Another  larger  specimen  from  farther  south  (Yezo)  difl'ered  from 
till'  above  in  the  following  cliaracters:  Anterior  spine  of  the  preorbital  not  developed, 
and  the  third  spine  double.  :).  XIII,  14;  A.  Ill,  8;  1M8  (V).  Lateral  line  32  to  30. 
SihUs  larger,  those  on  ])ectoral  tins  prickly.  Head  3;  hori/.ontal  iliameter  of  eyo  3J  iu 
head,  I  iu  length  of  snout.  Interorbital  space  IJ  in  vertical  diameter  of  eye.  ^Maxillary 
rai  hing  middle  of  eyo.  Last  dorsal  spine  but  one.  .'ij,  and  the  last  one,  3§  in  head;  sccondr 
anil  third  anal  spines  3  in  head.  Tho  local  uamo  of  this  form  is  aka  nwo.  Ilonto,  Vezo, 
ilapau.  Thespocimens  from  tho  Aleutian  Islands,  in  Pallas'a  collection  (No.  8145,  Mus. 
IScilin)  referred  by  Dr.  Uilgendorl  to  .V.  iiiattubam:  is  our  Sebantodvs  aleutiaiius,  an  allied 
itlHiies  with  smaller  scales  and  lower  spines.  (Named  for  Matsubara,  a  Japanese  uat- 
lira  list.) 

Siljaiten  matmhara,  IIiloendorf,  Sitzb.  Gesell.  naturf.  Frouude  1880,  170,  Honto,  No. 
U280,  Mus.  Ber. ;  Yezo,  No.  11279,  Mus.  Ber. 

'  IV.  SPECIBS  allied  to  SEnASTODES  NEnULOSCB,   FROM  JAPAN, 

m.  SKBASTODKS  NIVOSUS  (Ililgondorf). 

(KOOUMESO  OH  KESHIMUYO;  GOJIA  SOI.) 

Head  and  depth  2J  (about  3i  in  total  length).    D.  XIII,  12;  A.  Ill,  6;  P./r;  latorallino 
70,  pores  36  to  39.    Nasal,  preocular,  postocular,  tympanic,  and  parietal  apiucs  present. 
3030 38 


:1' 


'^tkA.,    ill 


18.'U  PnlliliH  /7,  UniU'd  States  National  .'\fiiscum. 


■',  -1 


\< 


ft- 


Vpjinr  prntlle  iilli{lill3'  ooiivkx  to  lMt((iiiiiint;  of  ilnrniil,  nllKlitly  tloprnintMl  Im-IiIihI  oyr 
Kyx  mill  Miioiit  4],  liiti'i'orbltiil  M|)af(t  TiJ  In  lifliid.  Miixllliiry  riMiching  to  poittorlor  rim  c: 
orbit,  in  oldi'i'  iiiiiix  idiiulHMiiiiit'Wliiit  furliu'r.  Iiil'xrior  lionlfr  of  priMirltltui  witli  M  iimru  >>i 
lcHHroiiiiiii«t  lolicM,  tlit<  liiNl  wllii  u  mIioi'I  Itiiiiil.  Hpliio.  Iiitororbitul  Npiirit  Ix-twmm  llioi'l' 
viiIimI  Hiipriioruliir  rlilK<^i«  wimltly  coin  ox.  licaii  t'litiriily  sriilrd,  i<xi'fpt  jiiwm,  hiioiU  lin 
front  of  iioMlriiM),  prcorliitiil,  ami  iicariy  llin  wlioln  of  iiit('rop)'rol(>i  mcaIch  of  In-ail  mimll 
llrni.  i'oiikIi,  willi  itcoeHHory  m(ni1<!ii  liU«  IIiohk  on  lioily.  I'rfopflroiilnrHpinrH  r>,  hIioiI,  bnnnl. 
I)liiiit.  SpliioiiN  itorHal  iinH'orMily  roiiu<li<<l ;  lll'tli  ami  hIxIIi  Hplnt't  lonKOHt,  in  yoiiiiK,  1',  m 
ailiiilH  iiKitrly,  'i\  in  licail.  Srt'onti  anal  Hpiiio  iniiili  Hti'oii){i'i',  but  lltllr  loii){i'r  tliiiii  lliinl 
L'^toJijiii  licail.  INn'toraialioiit ",  111  Ik-iuIi  voiitrai  iiioro  llinii  Ij)  in  licaii ;  i-amlal  i'<|ualliii . 
vi>nlral,  Hliglitly  convex;  HO  to  30  ponm  on  lioily,  '1  to  :)  on  Iimho  of  tali.  lilacklHii  brown, 
Willi  liiniiiiitM'al)lo  Hiiuiil  wlilto  dotH  on  body  hikI  Hum.  In  hoiiio  iiidividiialfi  tlio  iiiiil'tiiiu 
darii  brown  of  body  \n  IntiTriiptt'd  by  llfjIitiT  hIiikIum.  (Stoindacliuur  kV.  DodiTlclji.i 
IiOMKlii  lO.Ji  liicliuH.     Not  rare  ut  Tokio;  1  HpiM'liiii'ii  at  IIiikiMluto. 

Hvbanlfii  iiirotim,  Steinhaciinkk  .t   DiiUKKl.iiiN,  DonkMchr.  Akad.  WIhh.  Wb'U,  ao'J,  jil.  V, 
1884,  Tokio;  Hakodate. 


n,  SKBASTOUKSSnil.KIJEI.II  (lIili;uiidorf;. 
(Kt'iio  n(ii.) 

Ilond  2^1  to  23 !  drptb  Iimh  Ib.inlM^'i  in  ("tal  iruKtli).  i).  XIII,  IL';  A.  Ill,  7  or  K:  l.ii 
oral  lino  aliout  nO  lo  70,  NnHal,  iircociilnr,  potitociilar,  tyinpanic,  and  jiarii'tal  H|iiiii  i 
|>iVMOiili  liif»Torl)ltal  npaco  iirobably  concavo,  with  iiitt-rorbital  rldBi^H.  Orbit  4^;  hhi'iiI 
(to  ti]>  of  HiiKlitly  ]inijrctiiig  cliin)  n  liltio  b^sn  tliuii  4;  iiitflrorbltal  Hjiai'o  4..  06  in  hiiul. 
Maxillary  reaching;  jiOHtorior  inarKiii  of  orbit.  Proorbital  wilb  2  tolluiiarp  Bpinnii  diri-ctiil 
downward  and  bark  ward.  Preopcrcb^  with  5  Hat  HpinrH,  tlio  Ht^i^ond  from  ubovo  iiiii<;i  xi, 
bori/oiital,  tlu-  iiltli  (in  adiiltH)  often  blunt  and  liruad.  Intcropercio  witli  a  W(>ak.  nliaip 
H]duo,  buHido  it  HonietiiiieH  another  on  lower  end  of  subopert'lu.  Head  Hcalod  ;  jawH.  hikimi, 
and  anterior  part  of  preorbital  seaieles.s.  S<'al«M  on  interoporc^leextrtMiiely  small.  .St!vii;il 
larjio  jioreM  on  iindor  Hide  of  lowi-r  Jaw.  Sixth  and  Bovonth  dorHal  Hpiue.s  loiigeiit,  a  iitliii 
more  than  '_'  in  iiead.  .Second  anal  HtroiiKor,  HonintlnieH  a  littlo  shorter,  HOinotimnH  a  liiilc 
loii;;er  tlian  third,  2j{  to  ;t  in  head.  l>e<^toral  a  littlo  lon};cr  tliaii  vuntraU,  about  1^  in  hcud. 
('aiidal  nearly  truncate.  Tip  of  VBiitralH  reachin;;,  peetoralM  not  quito  reaching  vent. 
lirowiiiHli  ti^ay  (in  alcul  j1),  with  li^^hter  and  darkor  shadoH;  a  dark  Htripo  on  niaxilliirv 
and  2  or  3  on  clioek;  opercle  above  and  below  with  washed  out  sjiot.  (Steindaeliner  .v 
Diidorlcin. )  Leiifjth  12  to  15  iixdieH.  (juitu  <^onimoii  at  Tokio;  Gulf  of  Strletok,  Sea  of 
Japan;  Ye/.o,  V(mI(»,  anil  IlakodRtc. 

l>!ebaKlr/i  nt'ldnieUi,  IIii.uKNDoKF,  S.  I!.  Gesell.  natiirf.  Kreunde,  1H80,  171,  with  plato,  Japan; 
iSTKKNDAra.NiSB  &  DouKKLEiN,  Donksclir.  Akad.  Wiss,  Wicu,  1884,202. 

o.  NKIIASTOUKS  TKIVITT.VTI  S  (llilfrendorl) . 

(Sni.MA  HOI.) 

Head  2;!  to  3.  1).  XIII,  13;  A.  111,0;  pectoral  18  (0  or  10  lower  rays  simple);  lateral 
line  30  (tubes).  Oanial  spines  prominent;  nasal,  preocniar,  postocular,  tyinpanic,  ;iiiil 
parietals  prcHoiit.  Interorbitiil  Hpace  1  to  IJ  in  vertical  diameter  of  orbit,  4j  to  0  in  lieml, 
concave,  with  a  pair  of  intororbital  ridges  at  the  sides  of  a  median  groove,  rroorliiiiil 
without  proniinnnt  spines,  with  2  blunt  or  rounded  lobos.  Scales  median;  niaxilliuv, 
mandible,  preorbital,  and  J  of  iuteroperde  naked.  Pectoral  tin  scaly,  tlie  scales  roinili. 
Gill  rakers  long.  Orbit  3|  in  head,  niaxillarj'  reaching  middle  of  e.ye.  First  dorsal  H|iini> 
1 J!  to  2^  in  head,  penultimate  4  to  4J,  last  3}.  Second  anal  spine  longest,  2^  to  2J  in  In  ail : 
third  24  to  3  in  head.  Caudal  slightly  convex.  Light  brown ;  3  dark  longitudinal  baini.s. 
(Hilgendorf.)    Length  23  inches.    Yezo. 

Sthattex  ^-ti'i'^o^jf*,  IIiLOE.NDOBF,  S.  B.  Gosell.  naturf.  Freundo,  Berlin,  171,  with  plato,  17J, 
1880,  Yezo,  Japan. 


Jordan  ami  EvcKmatni. — Fishes  of  North  .Inuriai.      1H.T» 


I'lilml  I'Vi 
>rli)r  rim  iii 
li  :i  iiiortt  '>t 
Hin  lint  I' I' 

I,    Hllllllt    I  ir 

lii>a<l  Niiiiili 

llorl,1)l'ii;i.l 

,'ouiiK,  'J,  Ml 
tliiill  tliiiil 
lli'(|IIHlllii 

;|nIi  brow  n, 
,lu(  lllliriinn 

Diidrrli'lii.i 
n,  20*2,  ).l.  V. 


,  7  or  8;  lilt 
•Irtnl  Hpliiri 
Dlt4l!  Htliiill 

o  I>  in  hi'iiil. 
llie»  (liicrtrd 
»OVt<  lllIiyrHl, 

wciik,  rtliiiip 

,illW(»,  8111)111, 

inM.  St^viiiil 
igeHt,  II  littlit 
tiiiinH  II  Hull' 
it  1^  in  liiMil. 
lulling  vent. 

limxilliirv 
intliiclinci'  .\ 

tok,  Sen  of 

plate,  Japan; 


uple) ;  lattMiil 
•nipanic,  iiiiil 
to  S  in  head, 
I'reorliilal 
I;  niiixilliirv, 
jcaluB  rouL'li. 
,  dorsal  «iiiiii' 
to2J  in  luiiil; 
idiual  baiiiU. 

ith  plato,  17J, 


p.  NKHASTOItKM  VI'I,I*KH  (Si<  UkIiiiIiikm-  it  l)<i<li-rluin). 

Ilciiil  'J^lo'.'i;  depth  an  toll.  I).  \in.i:i;  A.III  )i;  I'.;;:  Iiitornl  lino  <ll  (T.>  to:m  pori'x.) 
VaNUl,  priMK'iiliir,  poHlornliir,  tviiiiuinlc,  and  inirii'tiil  HpliuM  iiri'Ncnt,  i|iiili'  mIi'iiuKi  i>,v«  I 
III  \\,  Mnoiit  (to  ti|i  of  RviiiplivHritl  knoll  nl'  Iowit  jiiw  )  I  !■>  t|,  intiTiirliital  h|iii('u  5||  to  'o  In 
lii'iid.  Maxilliki'N  rrarliiiiu  poNlrrior  Miiirt{in  <it' orMl ;  Ionmt  Jaw  |iriiji'rtin|{,  with  Hyiii- 
|i|i,VHi>al  knob,  I.owit  liordcr  of  lirimd  prioi  liiial  with  11  liliinl  IoIk'm;  pii'oiicn'lo  w  Ith 'i 
tliliii'H,  tlid  °J  lowrr  liroad,  liliinl,  thu  :i  iipiirr  inoio  Hlrndrr,  Hhiirp,  tho  2  opviriilar 
-|ihii'Miilroiiuly  dlviM'^iiiK:  iippor  end  of  inti-i'o|ii-irh',  it»pi'riall.\  in  ohirr  IndividniiU,  with 
i\  Mplni';  Iowit  I'hd  of  Niihoprnlr  with  II  wt'akitr  npiiin  wliirli  NoiiD'tinii'H  divi)li>M  into 
H' vrnil.  Snniit,  aiiti-riiH'  purl  of  pri-orliital  mid  lowi-r  jaw  MralrliMH:  a  low  vi'iy  Niiiall 
.Hiah'M  on  iiiaxillary  iMdiiiid  and  iindrr  pnwiiliital;  rcHt  of  ln'iid  tlilrkly  nivi'ird  willi 
niii){h  Mcnli'H.  (Sovorai  porrH  on  rai'li  itido  iindrr  Ionmt  Jaw.  Inti'roriiilal  Hpait'  ni'iirl.v  Mat, 
\\lih  v(>ry  wtiak  intoroihitnl  ridKi'H.  (iill  ritkiTM  lonu  <tnd  Hh'ndi'r.  lipiirr  piotllc  riMi'R 
iiiiiilfrati'ly,  Hlit.'htly  ciirvrd  at  tlio  Niiniit.  I''itlh  or  Hixth  and  Hcvonth  dorsal  H|iiiit<H 
loiiiirnt  -to2\  in  Iliad.  Si'innd  aiiiil  Hpiiii' Hliini^it'i'.  Imt  NotiiitiiiirH  a  liltli' Hhnrli'r  than 
tliird,  24  In  lirail  in  Hinall  iiidlvidiiiilM,  iiriirly  .1  in  liu'urr  onis.  I'oi'lonil  I'ljiialH  liitiid 
willioiii  Hnoiit,  I'l'iicliint;  vi'nt  in  udiiltM.  iilittlr  luiyond  in  yoiinm  voiiind  \\  to  I  [  In  hiad; 
r.iiiihil  i'i|ualinf;  vrntrulH,  xli^litly  convox.  Srali'H  inodrratoly  liir(!r.  with  homik a<'rt<)tHory 
.siah'H  Itody,  ilorHiil,  aniil,  and  niiidal  iImh  iiiinuli'd  ri'ddlMli  lirown  and  wliitiMli;  pec- 
tMial  and  vtinlral  Kriiyi.sli;  upper  liiilf  of  hrad  ii'ildish  Imnvn,  nIitwii  with  small  dark, 
lii'iiwii  spots  wliii'h  postirioily  aliiiiisl  iiiiitr  in  wavy  stripis,  or  inarkcd  tikubody:  lowrr 
.siili'  of  lioail  and  liody  wliiiish  yellow.  Not  laif  in  llsli  inaikctt)  of  Tokio.  \'cry  rloHr  to 
s.nflili'geUi.  Ilil^^i'iiilorf,  Imt  easily  ilistingiiiHlicd  by  tbeulmvucoof  8|>iuo  on  Int'rriur  bordvr 
III  |iri-oi'liitiil.     (Sti'indarhuer  &,  Diiiiirli'lii.) 

,S( ^(/*^■.? niljirs, Stejm^aui.nkii  »v  DiiDi.iu.KiN,  Dinksrhr.  Akad.  Wiascnm h.Wiun, 2n;), pi, 2, 
1884,  Tokio. 

691.  SEBASTOPSIS,  Cill. 

S.hn.itopsi.1,  (iiix,  rriic.  .\c.  Nat.  Sri.  I'liilu.  18(i-j,  27h  (imhtliiit). 

This  gnnus  tlillers  fiom  SrhiHtoden  in  the  ahsonco  of  pnliitino  tootli.  I). 
Xlll,  !•  or  10;  A.  Ill,  5.  No  deriiiiil  lliij)8;  cliecks  iiiiil  opncleH  scaly;  i»to- 
mliitiil  with  olittiHO  s]tiiieM  or  none.  The  kiutwii  siiecics  are  all  of  very 
siiimU  HJze  and  lue  often  preserved  in  Chinese  iusccit  boxes.  (*'(7*</n/(«; 
oiJ'ii,  appearuuce.) 

'2'2'M.  SKIIASTOI'SIS  XYRIS,  Jordan  A  (lilbirt. 

Iloiid  2,\;  depth  '.iL  1).  XIII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5;  scales  iX;  ninxillary  1>  in 
hr.id;  eye  3^ ;  pectoral  ahoiit  1;  longest  tlorsal  spinel';'!;  second  anal 
Hpiiie  Ijf;  ventr&I  1A;  middle  caudal  ray  alioiit  2  in  head.  ISody  nioder- 
atfly  clonjjate;  head  rather  sharp;  Jaws  equal;  intcrorldtalspace  concave; 
top  of  head  scaly  and  without  occipital  depression;  usual  spines  sharp, 
with  11  llcshy  llap  nearly  as  lonj;  as  pui)il;  spines  altove  eye  each  with  a 
Niniilar  lleshy  llap;  preorldtal,  siipraorliital,  jtostorliital,  and  tympanic 
Kpiiics  present,  each  sharp  ami  liif-h;  occipital  and  nuch.il  spines  also  well 
(lt;velopo«l;  ii  .small  trmpoial  spiu*-;  ii  small  spiiir  iiiuh-r  the  eye  on  the 
sharp  stay;  a  spine  at  end  of  stay  in  front  of  the  perpendicular  spines; 
till!  last  with  .1  sniall  spine  at  its  liase;  2  sharp  spines  Itelow  opercular 
>liine.  Cheeks  and  operdes  covered  with  ctenoid  and  iinhricated  scales 
without  Haps;  body  scales  ctenoid  and  closely  imluicated,  without  Haps. 
•  ■ill  rakers  very  short  and  slender.  Mreast  covered  with  imhricated 
cycloid  scales.    Viliform  teeth  on  jaws  and  vomer,    none  on  palatines. 


^.    : 


™ 


X 


n 

if 


|l 


1830  llullitin  77,  United  States  A'at/oua/  flfuseum. 

Doi'Niil  tliin  aixl  iiuHlerutoly  <lm«ply  nntclwil ;  ciiikIiiI  roitii<l<>(l;  third  iiiial 
H|iitic  ^rnit<>r  tliiiii  HtM'ontl;  ptM  toral  witli  iip|i«<r  iiiyH  lirini<'h«Hl;  lower  or 
Niiiiplo  luyM  tliickriHxl  iind  tlifl  upp<!r  of  tliciii  ImiKoi'  tlinii  any  of  tlir 
ImiiiicIkmI  rayH.  Color  liKht  oliv<<,  lrrflui>l<i>ly  I'aniluii  uiitl  lilotclHMl  witli 
(lai'kur;  IIiihIumI  with  cliurry  rod ;  Hiilioporrlo  with  lar^^o  Idatk  lilotch 
Hoiiit'what  o*'olliitt>d  ;  hoad  Idotrliod  with  olivu  aixl  palor;.|nwH  and  tliro;ii 
lai'K'ly  orutif^o;  dornai  inotthMl  witli  Mood  rod,  ornii^o  and  whitish;  pair 
yollowiHh  Itiir  a<;roHH  Hoft  dorHal,  th<<n  a  Idatkish  Htroak;  roBtof  llnN  whiii , 
tippod  with  Idiirk;  cuiidul  lurM;tdy  liri^lit  Ncaiiot,  Mack  toward  tip;  anal 
laryt'ly  H<'arl«t,  mottlod  with  Idack;  poctoral  yollowiNh,  liarrod  with  wliiic 
and  hlack,  1«>w«m'  part  (d'  tin  waHliud  with  Ht-arlot;  vontral  li^ht  yollow, 
with  a  low  Mack  spotH  on  posterior  half,  aud  Hcarh-t  NpotH  on  antoiioi 
portion.  Tho  most  th^finitu  marks  arc  a  dark  liar  IVoin  HoTt  dorHal  to  Inim 
of  anal,  overywhuro  waNliod  with  scarlet,  and  thu  Idack  spot  on  the  siili 
oporcle.  I'acillc  coast  of  Moxico  and  neij^hliorln);  islandH;  tho  ori^inul 
types  from  Cape  San  Lncas,  a  few  other  s)ie('iniens  taken  liy  tho  .llhiilronH 
off  Lower  California,  tho  aliove  notea  on  thu  color  Irom  Npocinicns  nil- 
lectod  hy  Mr.  Mc(Jre;;;or  at  Socorr«»  Island,  rospeotively  3i,  2^,  and  j 
inchuH  long.     (iV/jor,  razor,  from  the  sharp  spines.) 

Sebantnpiiiii lyrit,  .Toudan  \  iili.riKiiT,  I'loc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Muh.  1882,  809,  Cape  San  Lucas. 
(Tyjiu,  Hi).  3UU7U.    Coll.  Juliu  Xuutu>t.) 


lit''' 


I: 


692.  HELICOLENUS,  (Joodo  Sl  Keau. 

llelicolcnui,  Goodk  &  Hean,  Oconnic  Iclith.,248, 1890  {ilachilupUrus). 

llody  ohlonj?,  somewhat  eom])roHsod;  hoad  larjje,  ctenoid  flrales  on  its 
tip,  and  on  chocks  and  «>percIo8;  several  scries  of  spinous  rid,<.fes  on  lioinl, 
hnt  no  occipital  pit;  mouth  lar^e,  with  hands  of  vllliforni  teeth  on  jaw.s, 
vomer,  and  palatines.  Dorsal  tin  continuous,  not  deeply  notched,  with 
10  stout  spines  and  10  to  12  rays;  anal  with  H  s|un(!s  :nid  6  rays;  ])e(;to- 
rul  broad,  fan-8hai)ed,  with  rays  arranged  in  3  j^roups.  the  first  of  2  sim- 
ple rays,  the  second  of  S  or  0  lirauched  rays,  the  third  of  8  simple  riivs, 
Bomotiincs  prolon<;ed,  with  their  tips  tendril-like  and  free  from  mumhraiie 
for  h  their  lenj^th  or  less;  soft  dorsal  with  tips  free  from  memhraiic; 
Huhorhital  keel  smooth,  or  with  a  single  anterior  spine  under  eye;  prt- 
orbital  with  spines  small  and  hidden  hcnoath  the  skin.  Vertebra-  10 -f- 
14  =  24;  no  air  bladder.  Atlantic.  Very  close  to  5forj)<rn«,  dill'eriuK  only 
in  the  SchaalenAike  cranium,  the  two  genera  i)robably  coiiuected  by  iuter- 
mediato  Ibrnis.    (>/A/«o5,  strong;  (b\ivif,  elbow,  arm.) 

a.  Genornl  color  bright  roil.  DACTYLorTEHUs,  21!:!t. 

aa.  Goucral  color  clear  acarleti  preoporcular  spines  raoro  promincut,  parallel. 

MAuuBKKsiij,  22;jr>. 


Il 


ff 


Jordixn  and  Licrmann, — fUhcs  oj' North  America,     IHJJT 

'.*'.*:il.  IIKI.MOI.KMN  I»A(TVI.0I'T»:KI'N    (l)«lii  Itiic'hi).' 

(HKHUAN   IMPKIIIAI.:    h'AKKOAI.i  (IAUIidN.NICRA  ;  H<'t>|(rANn>l   Kl'NAI.;  CUAIIIU.) 

lliMKl  \\\\  tlrptli  L'li-  ■>■  XII.  12;  A.  Ill,  r>:  liitonil  lino  \\\,  ll<>«ly  not 
iiiiich  ulnviitiMl,  litr.lr  rninproNHed,  th«  tiiil  hIi'IkUm*.  Iliud  liir^:*),  littlu  roin- 
pinNHiMl;  clii'okH,  opiTcloH,  uiitl  oroipital  ■•■i^ion  \v«^ll  hciiUhI;  ni»  <l<>riiial 
iliiliM  aiiywln-ri';  Niilxirliitiil  nfny  Htniiij;.  Mtmtli  liitlu-r  liirjj«\  \\\i\\  tooth 
:iH  iiHiiJil  oiiJiiWH,  voiiior,  iiiid  paliitiiioH;  iowitrjiiw  not  proJortliiK;  inaxil- 
l;U'y  (^xtenilin^  to  Ix-yonil  pnpil.  Siilioibitul  witli  ii  n.irrow  ralH<Ml  niiiooIIi 
liiluo,  wliicli  cikIn  in  ii  Hpin«<  at  the  ItaHoot'tiin  Htay;  |iitM)i'liital  narrow,  ItH 
I'll^o  Nli;>litly  Npinoim;  Intororliilal  Npacr  nairow,  witli  '1  ))arall*tl  raiHOil 
ii(lU«'H  and  a  <l<!op  ^roovo.  Cranial  ridgtm  Hiiort,  Hlinrp,  aboul  aH  in  Sihtin- 
iiidiH  rtmt('(Hn;  pntocnlar,  Hnpi'»o<  iilar,  poHtoiiilur,  tv  ni])aiiii',  occipital, 
.ind  nnulial  KpinuH  pruHont;  HnpraHcapiilar  NpiniH  Hliarp;  no  osoroipitalH; 
iiporciilar  HpinvN  niodcrato;  pruupurcular  upinttH  Hliarp,  tlir  H(M;ond  lonv;L'Nt. 
i'.yo  very  iarK<',  'i  in  liuad.  .lawH  nal^ud.  (iiii  ral^orN  ratiior  ion^  and  aloii- 
(lor.  I'cctoral  very  narrow,  tlio  rays  not  procurront  lioiow  nor  thirlieniMl, 
rcacliin^  anal;  v«)ntralH  Hniall,  ri-achin^  paut  vt<nt;  anal  Hniali  and  low,  itn 
Mooond  Hpino  a  littli-  Htontur  but  not  lon^or  than  third;  dorwal  low,  littlu 
t^Miargiiiato,  tlio  NpinoH  slender.  Scales  ctonoid,  rojriilarly  arranged;  no 
iiccosBory  Hcaies.  Color  dtlicato  scarlet  red,  the  opcrcle  and  dorsal  lin 
soiMowhat  mottled  with  browniHii.  Deep  water  of  tlio  Atlantic;  very 
common  in  the  Mediterranean;  occasionally  oil'onr  coast,  from  Narrag.in- 
sctt  to  Clu'sapeake  bays.  Here  doscrii>od  from  a  specimen  taken  off  Chesa- 
j)cako  Hay;  a  buautii'ully  cidored  species.  (Eu.)  {6dHTv\u<>,  linj^cr; 
Ttrepdy,  tin.) 

Scoip<eua  tlautiiloiitcia,  De  la  UonrB,  Ann.  Man.,  xin,  1801),  i»l.  22,  flj;.  2,  Ivicja,  Barcelona  ; 

RiHsii,  Iciitli.vol. iln  Xl(i«,  180,  1810;  <;i'NTUBii,  Challtnisor  Kcport,  Vol.  i,  i»t.  vi,  (t,  1880; 

JoiuiAN  \  ('■luiRUT,  SynopHlH, U70,  lH8:i. 
Svhasti'n impefiaUH, CrviEU  »t  V ai.e.vciknnes,  IliHt. Nat. PolsB., iv, 336, 1820, Nice. 
Sihtixtft  ilactyloplfntii,  OCntiiku,  Cut.,  ni,09, 1800. 

SihantoplKS  daetijlopteru*. «  Joodk  &  Hkan,  lUiU.  Mns.  Coni]>.  Zool.,  x.  No.  5, 214, 1883. 
Ilelicolmut  dactijloi)tenis,  (ioouB  &  Bean,  Ucoauiu  Ichtliyulogy,  240,  pi.  08,  Ug.  244, 1800. 


2235.  ilKLU'OLKM'S  N.VDKUEXSIS,  Uoodo  &.  Boan. 

(Boca  NEdUA;  Pai  ue  CJato.) 

Hoad  3;  depth  3.V  in  total  length.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  5;  T.  19;  scales  of 
lateral  lino  29  to  30.  Eye  3  to  3A  iu  head,  not  projcctinj;  a1)ovc  prollle. 
Iiitcrorbital  space  very  deeply  concave,  stnnigly  ribbed,  scarcely  k  diameter 
of  eye.    Snout  scarcely  c(|ual  to  eye.     Suborbital  staj'  not  very  prominent, 


Tlio  following  puintH  arc  taken  from  (coodc  ifc  Hcnn's  (lescrlption  of  Ilelicolenvs  dac- 
tillnplcniH: 

"  Hack  nrcnatc;  hoad  2J;  28  to  30  tubes,  abotit  50  scalos;  dorsal  lin  ineorted  al)ovo  inner 
ii|)p(>r  angle  of  o|ior<'tilar  lia]);  lungtli  of  spinouH  iiortion  considurably  less  than  bead; 
lliii'd  spino  longest,  tbciico  ii  gradual  decrvaso  tootovonth;  boigbt  of  soft  dorsal  couMid- 
t'lably  more  tbun  liigbest  spine,  the  rays  projecting  far  boyoutl  llic  membrane;  base  of 
pcc^toVal  almost  eciual  to  longest  rays,  which  reach  vent;  first  2  rays  simple,  following 
'•  branclied,  last  8  simiilc,  slender,  witli  nearly  §  tlio  length  of  the  rays  f rue  from  lUL-iu- 
liranu;  color  of  buck  u.\tuudiug  iu  trauavcruc  b'uuda  upou  aidea." 


18.'J8  Buirctin  ./.y,  United  States  National  Museum, 


'  1 


In  '1 


pi 


•«»■' 


scarcely  at  nil  or  very  fecMy  uiul  iuconspicuously  aculeate,  with  p'lioriilly 
only  1  sli;rht  ispiiio.  Pri'orltital  Hpiucs  only  sniall,  olisoloto  teeth  on  angles. 
the  anterior  larger;  Hpines  of  ]»rc<»porclc  larjje,  equidistant,  nearly  eqiml, 
Ne(H)ntl  slif^htly  the  larj^cst;  paraliol,  hori/outal,  nearly  8traif>ht  or  slifiiitlv 
curved  upward;  scapula  and suiirascapula  Huiall,  no  Innneral  spine;  UiiHal. 
preocular,  Hupraocnlar,  postocular,  tympanic,  parietal,  and  nnchal  spinch 
present;  spines  of  Iioad  hcconiing  more  cdtsolete  in  rull-<rr<.wn  individuals 
liower  Jaw  witli  syuiphyHcal  knob.  Dorsal  (in  (as  seen  in  fifjure  beji;iiis 
slif^htiy  beiiiud  upper  anterior  angle  of  ojx'rele,  and  the  roots  ol'  -rst  ami 
second  sfiues  seem  clos^e  together;  third  spine  highest,  the  fol'  g  ones 

slightly  decreasing  to  the  eleventli,  last  soft  ray  forked;  eaudai  tvuiitati': 
second  and  third  anal  spines  about  equal,  origin  of  lin  under  origin  of  soft 
<lorsai;  pectorals  reaching  beyond  vent,  rather  abruptly  truncate,  fan 
shaped,  tiie  liase  about  e«iual  to  orbit;  first  2  rays  simple,  following  i) 
branched,  only  the  tips  free,  the  last  S  simple,  exserted  for  \  their  length. 
Ventrals  rcacliiug  uearl;^  to  anal,  inner  ray  not  attached  to  body  by  mem 
brano.  No  laciuia'  on  either  head  or  body,  each  spir.o  of  dorsal  ti^iped  with 
a  short  filament.  Scales  ctenoid ;  ch'^cks,  opercles,  maxilla,  and  breast 
scaly;  snout  and  lower  Jaw  naked;  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  pectoral  scaly  nt 
base;  lateral  line  nearly  straight,  2!)  to  30  scales,  each  with  a  little  spine- 
like  i>oint  directed  toward  the  tail.  I'ale  flesh  cohu,  with  5  darker  or 
l)righter  inegular  broad  scarlet  bauds,  often  mottled  or  sulfused  with 
dusky,  disappearing  on  middle  of  sides,  the  first  and  smallest  under  origin, 
the  fourth  under  end  of  dorsal  fin,  the  last  at  base  of  caudal ;  all  fins  scar- 
let without  spots  or  bars;  spinous  dorsal  mottled,  its  spines  and  iilanuiuts 
tipi)ed  with  white;  soft  dorsal,  ventral,  and  anal  edged  with  white;  head 
bright  scarlet;  operde  clouded  with  a  large  suffused  i>atch  of  leaden  or 
pale  violet  black;  gill  cavity  deep  mulberry  black;  back  part  of  month 
and  tongue  and  gullet  nujre  or  less  deep  load  color,  approaching  black; 
front  of  mouth  ami  touj^;  ■  pale  or  whitish;  iris  golden  or  topaz,  shaded 
with  brown,  pupil  violet  or  opalescent.  (Live  examples  taken  in  Augu,sL 
most  brilliant  scarlet  imaginable,  with  the  bands  <leeper,  but  pure  intense 
scarlet;  eye  singularly  beautiful;  anal  fin  broadly  edged  in  front  with 
white.)  Peritoneum  intense*  shining  inky  or  mulberry  black.  Five  to  7 
ca'ca.  Vertebia'  10-|-15,  rarely  11,  including  aurostyle.  Length  15  incheu ; 
probably  breeding  in  summer.  (Lowe.)  Madeira  Islands,  rare  (Lowe); 
off  eastern  coast  of  United  States,  from  New  York  to  Cape  llatteras  and 
outward,  and  oflf  the  coast  of  western  Florida,  in  70  to  373  fathoms.  ((Joodo 
A:  Hean.)  Vcrj'  closely  related  to  S.  d<tctyloptcru8,  with  which  it  has  been 
confoundad.     {madircnsis,  from  Madeira.) 

Sebattes  imperialis,  Lowe,  Fishes  of  Miuli.ir.".,  171,  pis.  24  and  25,  fig.  3, 1843-18G0,  Madeira ; 

UOt  of  CUVinii  it  VALENCIKNtrHS. 

llfUcolcnut  maiUreimix,  (ioouK  A-  Bean,  Ocwinic;  Tclitliyolofry,  250,  1890,  Gulf  Stream, 
off  Cape  Cltarles,  Virginia,  at  Fish  Hawk  Station  897,  lat.  37°  25'  N.,  long.  74°  i8' 
'W.,  in  i.',7i  fatlr^ms.     (Type,  No.  26723.) 

tifbastea  da<'l>/l<iptcruii,  UOntueu,  (Jat.,n,  99,  l&CO;  in  part. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1839 

693.  SCORPiENA  (ArttMli")     Liuiiuoua. 
(.ScourioN  KisiiKs.) 


Hcofitrnxa,  AnTKDi,  Gonora,  17,  xx,  47, 17.18. 

SroriKvna,  Linn.kuh,  Syst.Nat.,  Kil.  x,2B0,  n.lS  {pornis). 

XroKchaiitefi,  (JuiCHEVOT,  M6111.  Sof.  Sci.  Nat.  Cliorliourg,  XIII,  8;i,  1868  (panda). 

l'nra»corp(mia,  Hi.ekkicu,  Versl.  Ak.  AniHt  (2),  ix,  pt.  ;i,  290,  l«7ti  ipicta). 

I'xeiKlnsrhastes,  SAUVAriK,  Noiiv.  Arcli.  Mus.  (2),  1,  I87H,  111  (howjaiuvilUi). 

Seba»lapi»tc8  (Gii.i.  M.S.)  Stueets,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nut.  Mu».,  vii,  62, 1877  (ttronuia). 

IJody  oblong,  Homewhiit  compressed,  ifead  large,  not  niucli  comprosHcd, 
nuked  iibovo,  and  nion-  or  le.ss  nnovcn  with  spinous  ridges,  often  witlnlcnual 
11,11)8.  Mouth  largo,  with  bauds  of  villiforni  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  pal- 
iilines.  Scales  ..lostjy  cteiioi<l,  of  moderate  size,  often  with  skinny  Haps. 
Doisal  fin  with  12  stout  spines;  nnal  withltspines,  the  second  eoninionly  the 
longest;  pectorals  large,  rounded,  the  base  usually  |)ro(Urrent;  some  or  all 
of  the  upper  rays  divided,  the  lower  simple ;  ventrals  inserted  behind  peeto- 
liils.  No  air  bladder.  Vertebra'  lO  +  l-t^^^t.  Species  numerous  in  the 
(ropieal  seas;  fishes  of  singiilar  forms  and  bright  colors;  the  variation  in 
H(;uanuition  and  armature  very  great,  but,  as  in  most  sinular  cases,  it  is 
not  easy  to  find  definite  characters  for  subdivision,  {dnopitaivcx,  i\n' 
ancient  name  of  Nco/7>«'H«  scro/Vf,  from  (j;^op;r/o?,  scorpion,  in  allusion  to  the 
dorsal  spines,  which  inflict  a  very  i)ainful  sting-like  wound.  The  modern 
(ireek  name  of  SuopTtirira  (Scorpwna  avrofa).  According  to  Apostolides, 
d'tofjTtiog  is  now  the  common  name  ot'  Srorpdna  ponus.  JSHop7rio^:^»vov- 
pion.  As  name  of  a  fish,  Aristotle  1531«,  20,  508/^  17,  .">93«  7,  598«  11.  It  has 
many  pyloric  appendages,  breeds  (spawns)  twice  a  year,  alternates  iietween 
the  open  sea  and  the  shallow  water  along  the  shores;  the  dHofjir/de^,  breed 
ill  the  open  sea  (ro  TteXayos).  (Athen.,  vii,  115.  Num.)  "Red  dxofj- 
itioz"  Ilicesius  says:  "Of  i\w  dHoijnioi  one  kind  is  pelagic,  the  other, 
littoral ;  the  former  is  a  fiery  red,  the  latter  blackish."  Epicharmus  calls 
t  lie  dMopTTios  7roiHiA.oi;,  variegated.  It  is  solitary  and  cats  seaweed.  Aris- 
totle mentions  dnopTtioi  and  dhOfjTtidei;  in  diflfereut  places.  It  is  not  clear 
whether  he  means  the  sami^  lish  by  those  names.  That  we  have  fr  ([ucutly 
eaten  both  dHopnawtx  and  dHopnloi  aud  that  the  llavors  are  difterent,  n(» 
one  is  ignorant,  Archestratus,  in  his  "Golden  Words,'' says:  'nuythe 
small  dHopitioi;,  but  beware  of  a  big  one."  (Athen.,  viii,  02.)  The  tawny, 
pelagic  dnopTtioi  are  more  nutritious  than  the  large  ones  of  the  shoal 
water  near  shore.)     (Horace  A.  Hoffman.) 


*  Tim  following  European  siiooies  of  iScorpceiia  has  liecii  attrilnitcd  to  (nir  fauna,  i>rol)-, 
altly  Wy  orror: 

Si'ori)(i'napori!Us,JASV.v.vs.  (Pi;^-foot;  Scorpi'-ne) :  D.XIII.IO;  A.III,r>:  lateral  lin(>  40. 
I'ludy  oblong,  compressed;  back  soinowliat  elevated,  liigbcst  at  i»rigin  of  spinous  dorsal; 
siil)orl)ital  stay  close  to  eye,  without  any  i)it  between  it  and  the  eye;  supraocular  Hap 
lu'oad,  a  little"  lower  thanoye;  no  Haps  on  posterior  edge  of  preoperde,  4  on  occi|)ital 
ri';ri«>u,  few  along  lateral  lino;  ])reocuiar,  supriioeular,  tympanic,  occipit.al,  exoccipital. 
and  nuchal  spines  preseut;  a  pit  before  occii)ital  spines;  opercular  and  preopercular  Hjiines 
sliort;  maxillary  reaching  uosterior  margin  of  orldt.  Scales  ])r  ent  ou  postiXMilar  region 
iiiid  upper  part  of  ])re(>per(!ie ;  scales  on  body  somewhat  regularly  placied;  breast  naked. 
Kins  higli;  pectorals  much  less  procurrent  at  biise  tliaii  in  .S'.  jidnnicrt,  reiichiisg  beyond 
tii)sof  ventrals,  whi(^h  reach  anal;  spines  slender,  the  second  anal  slender,  little  longer 
th;in  third.  (Jill  rakers  short  and  tliii^k.  lletldish  brown,  mud!  motth'd  above  with 
darker,  and  dotted  with  black ;  luuub  leas  vuricguted  tUau  iu  IS,  plumieri;  usually  u  black 


%^V 


I,  J?:- 


;ih 


.  !     ' 


;ii, 


i  iw 


■1 


If 


''^\M 


1840         nulldhi  ^7,  United  States  National  Musenm, 


a.  IJronst  scaly. 

6.  Occiput  witli  a  distinct  qua«lrnto  pit. 

(,'.  Supraocular  toiitacle  Iohb  than  twice  diameter  of  orbit. 
d.  Dorsal  rays  XII,  9. 

e.  Top  uf  head  scalelosx,  3  suiall  spinoH  on  suborbital  carina. 

AOAKSIZII,  22;i6. 
PC.  Top  of  liood  not  wholly  scalolesB  the  intororbital  space  incoiuplctcly 
scaled;  Huborbital  carina  with  0  spines.  ciustulata,  2'S.i'. 

dd.  Dorsal  rays  Xll,  10. 

/.  Anterior  border  of  orbit  witli  no  distinct  pit  below  it. 

g.  Suborliital  stay  with  3   distinct  spines;   third   anal   spine 
longer  an<l  stronser  than  second.  nuASlLiENSis,  2238. 

gg.  Suborl)ital  stay  without  spines;  cliucks  more  or  less  scaly; 
second  anal  spine  longer  and  stronger  than  third. 
h.  Pectorals  20,  about  7  or  8  branched;  vontrals  reaching 
beyond  vent ;  llap  above  base  of  pectoral  with  contin- 
U0U8  edge .  jiistrio,  22119. 

hh.  Pectorals  19,  about  10  branched;  ventrals  not  reaching 
beyond  vent;  tlap  above  base  of  pectoral  much  tat- 
tered. PANNOSA,  2240. 
ff.  Anterior  border  of  eye  with  a  distinct  pit  between  it  and  suli- 
orbital  stay. 
i.  Lateral  line  with  about  50  scales;  no  dermal  flaps  except  small 
ones  along  lateral  line;   supraorbi   .1  tentacles  small;  nxil 
pale,  mostly  unspotted.                                      guttata,  2241. 
ii.  About  30  scales  on  lateral  line,  most  of  the  scales  Avitli  donn.Tl 
flaps;  8ui)raorl)ital  flap  largo,  longer  than  cyo;  axil  black, 
with  largo  wliite  spots. 
J.  Color  rather  pale  or  reddish;  intororbital  area  narrow; 
occipital  pit  deep.                                   PLUMIERI,  2242. 
jj.  Color  blackish;  interoriiital  space  broader  and  flatter; 
occipital  pit  broader  and  less  deep.         mystes,  2243. 
ec.  Sui)raocnlar  tentacle  more  than  twice  diameter  of  eye;  flaps  on  lateral  line 
longer  than  eye ;  suborbital  stay  with  a  small  spine  near  its  center,  anotiier 
at  its  posterior  end ;  axil  gray  with  many  small  white  spots. 

OBANUICORNIS,  2244. 

bb.  Occiput  with  only  a  very  shallow  depression  or  none, 
it.  Pectoral  with  4  or  more  branched  rays. 

I.  Occiput  with  a  very  shallow  but  distinct  depression;  .suborbtial  stay  evi- 

dent, with  several  small  spines.  uussula,  2245. 

II.  Occiput  with  no  depression,  or  only  a  slight  crescentic  notch ;  suborbital 

stay  very  low,  a  minute  spine  at  its  posterior  end.        BONORiE,  224t>. 
kk.  Pectoral  with  but  2  branched  rays;  no  pit  at  occiput.  inermis,  2247. 

223«.  SCORP.E>'A  AUAS8IZII,  Goode  &  Bean. 

■  Head  about  2i;  depth  about  3;  eye  24  in  head.  D.  XTI,  9;  A.  ITT,  5;  P. 
20;  scales  5-47-11,  28  tubes  iu  iateial  line.  Width  of  head  about  ^  its 
length;  interorbital  space  nearly  5  in  head.  Sujiraocular  ridge  elevated 
above  general  profile,  snout  abruptly  declivous  and  very  short,  less  tlian 
i  length  of  eye.    Maxilla  reaching  posterior  margin  of  orbit,  2  in  head; 

blotch  on  posterior  half  of  spinous  dorsal.    Southern  Europe;  a  specimen  said  to  have 
been  sent  toCuvier  from  New  York  by  Milbort,  a  st.'itemeut  extronioly  doubtful. 
Seorpcena  porcus,  LiNN.fEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  x,  220,  1758,  Mediterranean  and  ocean;  after 

Scorpcena  pinmdis  at  ocnlit  et  narcs  of  AUTKDij  CuviER  it  Valenciennes,  llist.  Nat. 

PoiBB.,  IV,  300;  GOnxhbe,  Cat.,  H,  107. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann.—  Fishes  of  North  America,     1841 

tiiandiblo  reachiiif;  hoyoml  orbit,  about  4  in  loii}>;th  of  body,  a  littlo  less 
than  2  in  head,  with  prominent  symphyseal  knoli.  Nasal  spines  small,  S 
spines  at  top  of  orbit,  1  in  front  and  2  l)ohi'Hl;  2  spines  on  each  side  of 
vrrt(!X  and  1  on  each  side  of  nape;  a  tympanic  and  a  humeral  spine;  two 
spines  on  operde,  5  on  prcopcrclo,  the  first  with  a  small  supplomontary 
spine  at  its  Jtjise,  the  stnmj;;  i»roorbital  spinos  overhan;;  supramaxilla; 
siiliorltital  carina,  foclde,  witli  3  small  spines.  Top  of  liead  scaleless; 
sidcHof  head  incompletely  scaled.  Cephalic  filaments  all  small,  the  louj^est 
iiliove  orbit,  about  3  in  eye.  fiill  rakers  6+7.  Distance  of  spinotis  dor- 
sal from  tip  of  snout  e(iuals  length  of  its  base;  first  dorsal  spine  2  in 
second;  third  to  sixth  about  equal,  2  in  head;  penultimate  spine  1^^  in 
l;ist,  which  is  about  equal  to  orbit;  Ionj;e8t  ray  about  2  in  head ;  caudal 
v<3ry  lon<f,  its  middle  rays  about  3  in  leuf^th  of  body;  anal  orijrin  under 
eleventh  dorsal  spine,  its  base  2iJ  in  head,  third  spine  very  little  lonjjer 
than  second,  twice  as  long  as  first,  about  equal  to  orbit;  longest  x\\y 
little  more  than  \  head.  Vent  under  tenth  dorsal  spine.  Pectoral  very 
long,  longer  than  head,  reaching  to  end  of  anal,  the  uppermost  1,  and 
tlie  lower  10  simple,  the  others  branched;  ventral  reaching  origin  of 
anal,  nearly  \  as  long  as  head.  Color  above,  light  orange  yellow,  creamy 
white  l)elow  lateral  line;  fins  all  pale.  Length  3*  inches.  Mid-ocean, 
X.lat.  23°  13',  W.  Ion.  39^  10',  east  of  Cuba.  ("Named  for  Alexander 
Auassiz  in  recognition  of  his  eminent  services  in  deep-sea  explorations.") 

Sc'irpcma  agagaizil  Goode  &.  Bean,  Oceanic  Iditliyology,  247,  fig.  243, 1890,  N.  lat.  23"'  13', 
W.  lor  3.  39°  10'.  station  259,  Steamer  Blake.    (Typo  in  M.  C.  Z.) 


2237.  S('<UU\E>A  rillSTI  LATA,  Goodo  i  Hean. 

Head  2?^,  twice  length  of  upper  jaw;  depth  3;  depth  of  caudal  iieduncle 
(Mjual  to  snout;  eye  nearly  3^  in  head,  f  length  of  maxilla.  D.  XII,  9;  A. 
Ill,  5;  P.  23;  scales  about  8-60-15;  lateral  lino  tubes  about  35.  Inter- 
orbital  space  moderately  concave,  4  in  up'>cr  jaw,  about  8  in  head ;  mandi- 
ble reaching  to  posterior  margin  of  eye,  slightly  I'Miger  than  postorbital 
part  of  head;  teeth  in  villiform  bands  on  jaws,  v^omer,  and  palatines,  a 
naked  space  at  symphysis  of  maxillaries.  Anterior  nostril  nearer  eye  than 
tipof  snou  .  Apair  of  spines  on  preorbifal;  6  spines  on  suborl)ital  carina; 
T)  on  border  of  preoperculum,  the  uppermost  largest,  Avith  a  smaller  sup- 
plementary spine  at  its  base;  nasal  spines  developed;  3  supraorbital 
spines  on  ca<'h  side  and  3  more  on  each  side  of  the  vertex  and  the  nape; 
a  postocular  (?)  spine,  a  tympanic  and  2hunierals;  2  thin,  ilat  spines  on 
perculum.  Nearly  all  spines  of  head  with  short  filaments  behind  them, 
longest  filaments  above  orbit,  scarcely  J  of  eye;  anterior  nostril  tubular, 
with  2  dark-c(dored  filaments.  Gill  rakers  short,  stout,  the  club-shaped 
extremity  armed  with  minute  spines;  4  developed,  and  2  rudiments 
above  angle,  8  developed  on  anterior  limb,  besides  5  sessile  rudiments. 
I'seudobranchiai  present.  Interorbital  space  incompletely  scaled;  supra- 
maxilla finely  scaled.  Distance  of  spinous  dorsal  from  tip  of  snout  equals 
twice  length  of  upper  jaw,  first  spine  equaling  interorbital  space, 
second  nearly  twice  as  long,  third  about  3  in  head,  penultimate  little 


;..-,:       I 


:'.^-M. 


"W 


hi 


V, 

IT 


i*, 


1842  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 

iiioro  than  ^  lon;^tU  of  last;  lonjjest  soft  dorsal  ray  ^  Itaso  of  spinous 
(loi'sal.  Cuiulal  slij^htly  romuU'd,  middle  liiys  nearly  ^  of  head.  Ori^jjin 
of  anal  nnder  last  dorsal  spine.  Anal  spines  .stout,  second  and  third 
about  equal,  altout  twice  as  lonff  as  lirst,  lonj>e.st  ray  about  3  in  head; 
ventral  sli«;htly  lou<;or  than  nuixilla,  not  quite  reachinjf  vent;  pectoral 
reaching;;  vent;  1  upper  and  S  or  9  lower  rays  simple,  the  other  I:: 
divided.  Color  (in  alcohol)  li};ht  oranf-c  yellow,  a  faint  dusky  blotch  on 
upper  part  of  opercle;  an  irre;;ular  area  of  dusky  un»ler  second  half  oi 
spinous  dorsal  extendinj;-  down  to  about  middle  of  body;  another  ill 
delined  blotch  J  length  of  eye  on  basal  half  of  solt  dorsal;  membrane  ol 
spinous  dorsal  beyinnin/j;  behind  fourth  spine  interminj;led  with  duskv. 
Length  (!  inches.  Only  the  type  known.  Deep  water  olf  coast  of  (jieorj;i.i, 
(Ooode  A:  Bean.)     {crinlulatus,  >vith  a  snuiU  crest  or  tuft.) 

Scorpmna crittulata,  (ioooB  it  Bean,  <)c.  Fclitli.,  240,  fig.  242,  1896,  N.  lat.  30o44',V/.  Ion. 

79°  a6',  off  Georgia,  in  440  fathoms,  at  Albatross  Station  2415.    (Typo,  No.  3!>:t2(i.) 
Scorpieiia  schiiiita,  Ki'tULKK,  Ann.  I'niv.  Lyons,  xxvi,  474,  024,  jil.  27,  lig8.  4  to  6,  1890,  Bay 

of  Biscay,  in  700  fathoms. 

828S.  SCORP.KXA  IIRASILIEXSIS,  Ciivior  &  Valpnciennes. 


!;! 


Mi 


Head  2;?;  depth  2ij  to  3;  orbit  4  in  head.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5  (.'.l); 
transverse  rows  of  scales  (oblicpie)  about  25  to  30,  (vertical)  50  to  ()(); 
tubes  25  to  30.  IJody  short,  comprcsse*!,  i)rolile  convex,  depth  of  caudal 
peduncle  a  little  less  than  4  in  head.  Head  compressed;  interorbital 
space  narrow,  a  little  more  than  V  orbit,  about  7  in  head,  deeply  conca\e. 
deepest  between  preocular  8pin<'s,  and  with  2  marked  longitudinal  ri(l<rts 
on  frontal  hones,  parallel  with  the  supraocular  rid<i;es;  a  deci)  pit  at  the 
occiput,  deepest  behind,  its  anterior  side  sloping  back  from  base  of  coro- 
nal (tympanic)  spines,  its  posterior  side  nearly  vortical;  i)reocular,  supra- 
ocular, postocular,  and  coronal  (tympanic)  spines  moderate,  parietal  and 
nuchal  spines  sharpest,  their  ridges  thin  and  sharp;  exoccipital  8i)ines 
and  ridj^es  present;  spine  between  orbit  and  occipital  small,  not  bilid. 
Preorbital  very  broad,  with  2  sharp  spines;  no  pit  between  anterior  infe- 
rior border  of  orbit  and  suborbital  stay,  the  latter  low,  with  2  or  3  small 
spines;  uppermost  prcopercuLir  spine  much  the  longest,  a  small  spine  at 
its  base,  the  others  very  small  or  almost  obsolete;  opercuhir  spines  rather 
small,  with  not  very  prominent  ridges;  all  ridges  of  head  less  prominent 
than  in  Scorpacna plumien.  .Jaws  equal,  the  lower  with  a  small  8ymi)hy- 
seal  knob;  maxillary  reaching  posterior  edge  of  pupil,  about  2:^  in  head; 
teeth  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines  in  rather  nairow  bands.  Pseudo- 
branchia' reaching  down  nearly  to  epihyal  bone;  gill  rakers  short,  com 
pressed,  about  7  <m  anterior  limb.  JJorsal  fin  deeply  notched,  membrane 
ref\ching  halfway  np  the  twelfth  spine;  dorsal  spines  slender,  low,  the 
longest  equal  to  maxillary,  about  2^  in  head;  soft  raya  higher,  about  li 
in  head;  anal  spines  graduated,  the  second  a  little  the  thickest,  soft  rays 
If  in  head;  caudal  truncate,  or  very  slightly  rcmnded;  pectoral  reaching 
beyond  origin  of  anal,  a  little  shorter  than  head,  its  base  not  procurrent. 
the  10  lower  rays  slightly  thickened,  exserted  and  simple,  the  upper 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     1843 


I  ays  (except  the  uppermost  oue)  brunched;  vnitrals  reaching  lieyond 
\eiit,  the  last  sol't  ruy  iittadied  to  the  body  for  %  of  its  length  by  a  ratlior 
liroad  nicnibranu.  Siipraociiliir  Ihip  h)ng  and  slender,  longer  than  orbit,  a 
little  more  than  W  in  head;  proocnlar  tlap  small;  tlups  at  baso  of  spineH  of 
jireorbital  and  lower  spines  of  preoi)ercle,  small  ones  on  cheeks,  uiom- 
hraiie  of  spinous  dorsal,  and  on  many  of  the  scaltis  of  the  body;  larger 
ilaiis  on  lateral  lino  and  abmg  base  of  dorsal  fin.  Scales  large,  rather 
Muiooth,  with  membranaceous  edges;  a  few  mdinuiutary  scales  on  front  and 
ilap  of  operdo,  on  i»r<'opfrcle  and  lower  i»art  of  cheek;  breast  with  small 
Kiales.  t'olor  dusky  (divaceous  or  brownish,  whitish  below;  a  few  largo 
(lilVuse  dark  spots  on  eidcs  above,  nearly  as  largo  as  eye;  the  posterior 
])art  of  each  scale  darker,  giving  a  slight  speckled  appearance;  axil  pale 
with  suKill  dark  spots,  which  are  also  8|»arHely  present  along  lower  part 
III'  sides;  pectorals  mottled,  faintly  banded,  their  lower  part  paler;  spi- 
nous and  soft  dorsal  and  anal  irregularly  marbled;  caudal  with  median  and 
tirmiual  blackish  bands;  ventrals  dusky  at  tip;  sides  of  head  dark,  with 
some  snuiU  darker  spots;  snout,  interorbital  space,  and  tip  of  maxillary 
(lark,  faintly  marbled ;  under  sidt!  of  head  whitish  or  marbled  with  brown- 
ish; peritoneum  white.  Atlantic  coast,  from  Charleston  to  Rio  .Janeiro. 
riie  s])ecimen8  on  which  this  description  is  based  are  from  Peusacola, 
Florida.     (hraaiHiiidH,  from  Ibazil.) 

Sioriimin  hyaMien»i»,  Citvikh  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  PoisH.,  iv,  :i05,  1829,  Brazil ; 

CCntmeh,  Cat.,  u,  112, 18fi0;  JoiJDAN,  Ciit.  Fish.,  109, 1885;  Meek  &.  Newlano,  I'roc.  Ac. 

Nut.  Sci.  I'hilii.  188.-),  1195,  399. 
Si'orixnia  sleanisi,  tiooDE  it  Bean,  Vroc.  U.  S.  Xat.  Xru.s.  1882,  421,  Pensacola,  Florida 

(C((1I.  Silas  Stearns);  .JoitDAN  &.  Uu.beut,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882,  614;  JoitHAN  & 

UiLUBUT,  Syuoi)sis,  951, 1883. 

22!{«.  SIOUP.EXA  IIISTUIO,  Jenyiis. 

Head  2/^  (2{^  in  total  length) ;  depth  3^  (4  in  total  length) ;  Avidth  of  head 
over  preo]tercles  IJJ;  orbit  high  up,  li  in  head.  1).  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5;  P. 
I'D;  transverse  (oblifpie)  rows  of  scales  25;  tubes  of  lateral  line  23  to  2.5. 
|{ody  compressed,  its  width  at  base  of  pectorals  2  in  head ;  caudal  peduncle 
whort,  its  depth  a  little  less  than  orbit.  Head  heaA'y,  its  depth  and  width 
eiiual.  Interorbital  space  narrow,  2  in  orbit,  deeply  concave,  the  con- 
cavity with  sloping  edges  and  rounded  bottom,  and  without  prominent 
lidges;  preocular  ridges  very  thick,  prominent,  with  strong,  prominent 
Hjiines;  supraocular  ridges  thin,  high,  with  very  blunt  spines;  postocnlar 
spines  on  rim  of  orbit,  external  and  posterior  to  supraoculars;  another 
snuiU  spine  on  rim  of  orbit  below  and  a  little  behind  postocular;  the  bifid 
spine  a  little  behind  middle  of  posterior  margin  of  (trbit,  and  behind  this 
a  small  exoccipital  spine  with  a  thin  i)rominent  ridge;  a  pair  of  sharp 
"coronal"  spines,  with  snuill  pits  in  front  of  them;  thin,  rather  high 
l>arietal  and  nuchal  ridges,  of  about  e»iual  length,  with  blunt  8]unes. 
•  )<ciput  with  a  pit  of  moderate  depth,  its  longitudinal  width  1;^  in  its 
transverse  width,  continuous  on  each  side,  between  "coronal"  spine  and 
parietal  ridge,  with  a  pit  behind  superior  posterior  border  of  orbit,  its 
anterior  side  8loi>ing  backwar<l,  its  ])osterior  side  nearly  vertical,  8lo]»ing 
slightly  forward  between  anterior  edge  of  parietal  ridges.     Nasal  spines 


ir 


fl'i 


1844         Bulletin  .//,  United  States  National  Museum, 


strong,  nearly  vertical.  Preorbital  very  wide,  withont  prominent  ridgos, 
its  interior  1>ordur  lobate,  with  2  or  3  Huiall  npines;  no  pit  under  orldt,  Init 
a  broad  sluillow  depression  under  whole  length  of  orbit;  suborldtal  ri(l;;o 
quite  far  from  eye,  ociuidlHtant  from  lower  edge  of  eye  and  upper  edge  i>r 
maxillary,  its  carina  composed  of  3  or  4  minor  ridges,  each  bogiunini^ 
above  the  one  in  front  of  it  and  ending  below  the  one  behind  it;  a  sin^lr 
small  spino  at  posterior  end  of  last  ridge.  Uppermost  preoporcular  Hpinc 
longest,  a  liltle  below  the  line  of  suborbital  ridge,  witli  a  small  spiiic 
above  its  base  in  line  with  the  ridge;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  hihiks 
Hiu'cessively  snuiUer,  the  llfth  obsolete.  Opercle  with  2  somewluit  diveii;- 
ing  Hat  ridges,  ending  in  strong  spines;  3  thin,  sliarp,  ]date-liko  ridges  itii 
shoulder;  first  2  scales  (»f  lateral  line  with  bony  keels.  Mouth  very  larjic, 
nearly  horizontal,  wholly  below  inferior  edge  of  orbit;  maxillary  readi- 
iug  beyond  posterior  edge  of  orbit,  very  slightly  more  than  2  (2|',|)  in 
liead;  jaws  e(|ual,  the  lower  withont  prominent  symphyseal  knob;  brond 
bands  of  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Pseudobranchije  lar^ie, 
reaching  down  nearly  to  epihyal  bone;  gill  rakers  very  short,  broad,  with 
many  minute  spines,  about  12  in  all,  about  8  developed  and  3  or  4  rmli- 
ments.  Scales  moderate,  mostly  cycloid  (or  very  weakly  etenoid);  ver- 
tex, interorldtal  space,  snout,  cheeks  above  suborbital  ridge,  and  botli 
jaws  naked;  smaller,  embedded  scales  behind  orbit,  on  base  and  Ha])  ol 
opercle,  and  below  suborbital  stay;  breast  scaly.  Anterior  nostril  witli 
liiciniate  Haps.  Supraocular  Haps  minute;  numerous  Haps  on  sides  of 
body  and  preopercle,  preorbital,  and  under  lower  jaw;  a  few  minute  ones 
on  sides  of  head.  A  very  broad  continuous  Hap,  width  about  It  in  orbit, 
above  base  of  pectoral,  parallel  with  edge  of  opercle.  Origin  of  dorsal 
opposite  upper  angle  of  gill  opening,  not  deeply  notched,  the  spines  only 
moderately  exserted;  third  and  fourth  spines  equal,  longest  twice  .-is  long 
as  first,  about  2\  in  head,  the  following  spines  gradually  and  slightly 
decreasing  to  the  eleventh,  wliich  is  a  very  little  longer  than  first;  longest 
soft  rays  about  equal  to  longest  spine;  caudal  truncate,  Ij  in  head; 
second  anal  spine  a  little  longer  than  third,  about  2|  in  head;  soft  rays  a 
little  longer  than  second  spine,  readiing  base  of  caudal;  pectoral  3;^  in 
length  of  body,  reaching  nearly  to  origin  of  anal,  the  base  procurr«'ut,  its 
width  3^^  in  head,  the  11  or  12  lower  rays  a  little  thickened,  simple,  hardly 
at  all  exserted,  the  next  8  or  9  rays  much  longer,  branched,  the  iipitcr- 
most  one  simple;  ventrals  reaching  a  little  beyond  vent,  2  in  heail. 
Color  in  alcohol:  Top  of  head  and  sides  dark  brown  with  a  slight  wash  di 
cherry  red,  belly  white;  cheeks  under  eyes  mottled  with  light  and  dark; 
3  to  5  small  dark  bands  or  spots  between  orbit  and  suborbital  stay;  soft 
dorsal  dark;  membrane  of  spinous  dorsal  and  base  of  soft  dorsal  stronglv 
washed  with  cherry  red ;  a  similar  spot  on  opercular  flap;  S(mie  of  tlic 
flaps  of  the  sides  of  same  color,  others  white;  pectorals  with  3  daik 
bars  alternating  with  lighter,  the  axils  cloudy;  caudal  with  2  broad 
dark  bars,  the  lighter  bands  much  mottled  with  white;  posterior  part  of 
sides  with  several  white  spots;  a  narrow  black  band  across  top  of 
peduncle  just  in  front  of  caudal;*  peritoneum  white.     Length  9  inches. 


*  JenyiiH  mioti's  Darwiiii}  color  iiot(!8:  "  Whole  body  scarlet  red,  fins  rutlier  paler,  witli 
small  irregularly  shaped  black  spots." 


B;:t 


Jordan  aud  livcniiann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1845 


I'iiiuuna  to  .Mian  Fernandez.  Tlio  Hitecinicn  fnim  wliicb  this  drscriptioii 
in  taken  is  from  ChiirlcM  Island,  (Jalaitaj,foH  Anhipolajfo;  recorded  from 
Juan  Keniandoz,  Oalajtagos  Archipolago,  Chiurhas  Islands,  an<l  I'anama; 
a  shore  lish.     {hiatrio,  a  8ta<i;e  player.) 

Sciirj)ti'>in  hUtrlo,  Jenvns,  /ool.  Voy.  Itmi^le,  FIhIiph,  35,  pi.  8,  IH4'J,  Chatham  Island, 
Galapagos  Archipelago  ((.'oil.  Darwin) ;  (i("\rnF.n,  Cat.,  ii,  ll'i.lHtK);  SiKiNDAfiiiNKit, 
lclitliy"l"Kim:lit'  Jltii(ni({o,  ii,  H,  187ri;  .l<)ur).VN  I'n.c.  Ac.  Nat.  Sui.  I'lilla.  188;t,  20'J; 
J^lKKK  it  NkwlanI),  I'nic.  .\o.  \at.  Sci.  I'liila.  1885,31(5,31)1);  JuKUlN  \.  BoLUlAN, 
I'loc.  U,  S.  Nat.  Murt.  1880,  182. 


2240.  SrORP,K>A  PAXXJSA,  ('ranior. 

Head  2}  (2(/  in  total  length) ;  depth  3  (3'f  in  total  length) ;  width  .it  base 
(iT  pectorals  4;  width  of  head  over  preopercles  3^^.  I).  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  .'j; 
ptictorals  1J(;  transverse  (obliqne)  rows  of  scales  2.");  lateral  line  (tubes) 
al»oiit  25.  Uody  compressed.  Caudal  peduncle  short,  lis  depth  a  very 
little  less  than  orbit.  Depth  and  width  of  head  about  equal.  Orbit  high 
lip,  li  in  head;  intororbital  space  narrow,  2  in  orbit,  deeply  concave, 
without  iirominent  ridges;  proocular  ridges  thick  and  prominent,  with 
Htroiig  .si)ines;  supraocular  ridges  thin,  with  blunt  spines;  postocular 
H|tiiies  on  rim  of  orbit  rather  sharper;  no  small  spine  on  rim  of  orbit 
liohind  and  external  to  the  postocular;  a  bilid  spine  behind  middle  of 
liosterior  rim  of  orbit,  and  behind  this  a  thin  exoccipital  riilge  with  a 
blunt  8i)ino;  a  pair  of  sharp,  broadly  triangular  ''coronal"  spines  with 
Hinall  pits  between  them  and  the  snpraocnLars;  thin  parietal  and  nuchal 
ridges  of  about  e<iual  length,  with  rather  blunt  spines;  occi])ital  pit  of 
moderate  depth,  its  longitudinal  Avidth  V~  in  the  transverse  width,  its 
.interior  side  sloping  backward,  its  posterior  side  sloping  slightly  l»ack- 
wiird,  forming  a  shallow  pocket  in  posterior  part  of  pit;  the  pit  is  coiitiu- 
iKjus  on  each  side  between  coronal  spine  and  parietal  ridge,  Avith  a  pit 
behind  postero-superior  border  of  orbit;  nasal  spines  .sharj),  strong ;  pre- 
orbital  very  broad,  with  moderate  ridges,  its  inferior  border  lobate,  with 
1  small  spine  directed  forward,  another  downward;  no  pit  under  orbit, 
lint  a  broad,  .shallow  depression  between  orbit  and  suborbital  ridge;  sub- 
(iibital  ridge  well  separated  from  eye,  equidistant  from  lower  rim  of 
orbit  and  upper  edge  of  maxillary,  and  composed  of  3  or  4  minor  ridges, 
each  beginning  above  the  one  in  front  of  it,  and  ending  under  the  one 
behind  it;  a  single  small  spine  at  posterior  end  of  last  ridge;  uppermost 
preopercular  spine  longest,  a  little  below  the  line  of  the  suborbital  ridge; 
above  its  base  is  a  small  spine  nearly  in  line  with  the  ridge;  second,  third, 
and  fourth  preopercular  spines  successively  smaller,  the  fifth  obsolete; 
iipercle  with  2  diverging  Hat  ridges  with  strong  spines;  three  thin, 
sharp  ridges  on  shoulder;  first  2  scales  of  lateral  line  with  bony  keels. 
Mouth  large,  nearly  horizontal,  wholly  below  inferior  rim  of  orbit;  max- 
illary reaching  about  to  posterior  margin  of  pupil,  2|  in  head;  Jaws  ecjual, 
the  lower  without  prominent  syniphyseal  knob ;  broad  bands  of  teeth  on 
jaws,  vomeir,  and  palatines.  Pseudobranchiie  large,  reaching  down  nearly 
to  epihyal  bone.  Gill  rakers  very  short,  broad,  with  many  minute  sjiines ; 
about  6  developed,  the  anterior  rudiments  tending  to  form  a  contiiiuuus 


r""" 


'I 

'  i 
i 


9i  *J-' 


hi 


1840  liiillciin  /7,  United  States  National  M'lisciim, 


HpinouH  rid^e.  Koalt^H  iiioduriite,  iiumtly  cyrloitl  (or  vory  woiikly  otoiioid  f) ; 
vortt'x,  intororbital  Hpimc,  mioiit,  lioth  Jhwh,  and  tlmekH  abovo  Hiilmrhitiil 
stay,  iiaktHl;  Niiiall  tMiilxnlditd  HcaloH  hohind  orliitH,  on  cht'okH  holow  hiiIi 
orbital  ntay,  on  Imiho  ami  Hap  of  oporcio;  Hcalcs  on  ItrcaHt  Hiiiall.  Ante 
rior  iioHtrilH  witli  broad,  bMit'-liku  biriniato  (laps;  proociilar  UapH  minute, 
Hn))raoculiir  Haps  Ion;;,  more  tban  \  orbit,  alioiit  \  as  broad  an  lon^ 
nnmurouH  liajis  on  back  and  nideH,  on  o))«r(di%  and  (mI^c  of  ])r«opi;rcli 
and  pruorbital;  a  fow  small  onus  on  clietdv  and  on  oyo  abovo  pupil;  w 
lar^(!,  niu(di-inci8*;d  and  divided  lla|)  abovr  base  of  po(ttoral  ])arallcl  witli 
ed;>;<)  of  opercular  lla|),  Its  bn^tli  about  \\  in  orbit.  Origin  of  dorsnl 
opiM)Hito  ujipor  anj;lo  of  ^ill  oponing;  dorsal  fin  tmt  very  dcojily  notched, 
tlio  s])inos  only  nuidurately  exHi;rtcd,  third  an«l  fourth  spines  oqual,  about 
2'J  in  head,  the  following  sjtines  decreasing  to  the  eleventh,  which  is  1 
times  as  Ion;;  an  the  first;  lonv;i'Ht  soft  rays  about  e((uul  to  longest  spines; 
caudal  truncate  or  vory  slightly  rounded,  V\  in  head;  secimd  anal  spim 
a  little  longer  tban  third,  about  2^  iu  head;  Hoft  rays  a  little  longer  than 
second  spine,  not  quite  reaching  liase  of  caudal;  ])octorals  about  H,;,  in 
length  of  body,  reaching  nearly  to  origin  of  anal;  the  base  jirocurrent, 
its  width  about  3^  iu  head;  rays  19,  lower  «  simple,  slightly  exserted  ami 
thickened,  the  next  10  branched,  much  longer,  the  uppermost  simple; 
veutrals  reaching  only  to  vent.  (Joneral  color  apparently  scarlet;  cheeks 
under  orbit.s  mottled  with  small,  dark,  mostly  round  8]»ots;  dorsal  and 
pectoral  pale,  with  slight  cloudings  and  small  sp<»t8  of  dark;  il&pBof  sidcH 
l)alo  or  scarlet,  caudal  with  2  faint  cross  bars  of  dark  spots,  faint  white 
spots  on  the  lighter  bands;  no  trace  of  white  spots  on  posterior  part  o I 
sidles,  and  no  trace  of  dark  band  across  top  of  caudal  peduncle;  axils 
pale,  with  ai)))arently  3  or  I  darker  H))otH ;  a  large  dark  spot  on  side  behind 
opercular  Hap;  2  luirrow  dark  bands  under  ixisterior  half  of  spinous  dor 
sal,  reaching  on  to  abdomen,  a  broader  one  under  soft  dorsal;  peritoneum 
white. 

This  species  is  very  closely  related  to  Scorpana  histrio,  .lenyns,  from  which 
it  diifors  in  the  following  points: 


Scoiyrena  2>(tnnoia. 

Ninotoon  jipctoral  rays,  the  lower  8  aiin- 
plp,  tlio  next  10  braucUod,  tliu  uppermost 
Hiiiiplo. 

Occipital  pit  deeper  boliiiiil,  its  posterior 
wall  slaiitin^  backward.  lt.s  longitudinal 
width  15  iu  tlie  transverse  width. 

Maxillary  does  not  reach  posterior  border 
of  orbit,  2\  iu  head. 


Ventral  fins  reaching  only  to  vent. 

Soft  rays  of  anal  not  quite  reaching  base 
of  caudal. 


Senrpa-na  hist  no. 

Twenty  pectoral  ray.f,  the  lower  11  or  VJ 
siui])le,  the  next  7  or  8  branched,  the  upper- 
most simple. 

Longitudinal  width  of  occipital  pit  1,',  in 
the  transverse  width. 


Maxillary  reaches  beyond  posterior  bor- 
der of  orbit,  very  slightly  more  than  2  (2i'(,) 
in  bead. 

Ventral  flns  I'caching  beyond  vent,  about 
J  of  distance  from  vent  to  front  of  anal. 

Soft  rays  of  anal  reaching  base  of  caudal. 


W 


Jordan  and  livamann. — Fishes  of  North  Amciica.     1847 


tleiirpa'na  paniuna. 

liroad  tin])  altovo  baHo  of  itoctornl  iniicli 
iiiclMetl  anil  tattorvd. 

liill  riikurM  tower,  the  nidiinpiitH  on  tlio 
iioiit  Jiarl  of  tlir  uiitcriitr  limb  iipparciitly 
loriiiiiiK  It  rDiitiiiiiouH  H]iimiloUH  riilK«'< 

No  small  Hpiiii'  ou  rim  of  orbit  bi-liind 
|iiHtociilar  H]iinu. 

No  tnu'oof  white  apotH  on  poBtcrior  parts 
III'  siiUm  or  of  a  Hiiinll  dark  bar  acroHH  back 
III  caudal  pcdillicln. 

A  diHtiuot  lar^e  dark  npot  on  aldo  behind 
ii|i(>n'iilar  tla]*.  I'cctoralx  and  soft  dorHal 
uitli  very  little  dark. 

Uuiiural  color  in  alcohol  faded  Rcarlet. 


Scorpwna  hUtrio, 

Itroad  llap  above  bnaeof  jwctornl  witli  a 
nearly  cuutiuuous  huail. 


A  Minall  H]>ine  on  rim  of  orbit  behind  pout- 
ocular  rtpine. 

Several  white  spotB  on  posterior  part  of 
si(ti>H,  iind  a  Hmali  dark  bar  arroHH  back  of 
caudal  pfduncle. 

No  distinct  dark  spot  on  Hide  behind  op(>r- 
cnlar  llap.  PectoralH  and  .soft  dorsal  with 
much  dark. 

(Jrncrnl  color  in  alcohol  dark  brown  and 
cherry  red. 

Supraocular  llap  larj;o,  more  than  ^  orbit.  Supraocular  llap  Hnuill. 

In  his  original  <lescri;ition  of  tieorpwna  liistrio  from  GalapagOH  IslandH 
(length  1>  inclies),  Jenyns  yives  tho  lollowiuji  details:  Maxillary  reaching 
))(iMlerior  margin  of  orbit;  Hniall  spine  on  rim  of  orbit  behind  postocular 
^llille  iirosent  only  on  left  side  (entirely  absent  in  a  smaller  spe«'imon); 
runspicuous  (laroe)  palmated  snpraoiiilar  Haps;  eleventh  dorsal  spine  a 
little  longer  than  the  first;  '20  pectoral  rays,  tho  10  lower  simple,  the  next 
!)  branched,  the  nppermost  one  simple.  His  2  specimens  exa<'tly  agree 
in  number  of  fin  rays.  Tho  plate  accompanying  his  description  (both 
iloscription  and  plate  based  on  same  specimen)  gives  the  12  lower  pectoral 
rays  simple. 

rnforttinately,  we  have  only  1  specimen  of  Srorpwna  hiatih  from  Galapa- 
l<;o»  Islands  and  1  of  tS'.pannasa  from  Panama  for  comparison.  It  would 
111!  very  desirablo  to  have  a  series  for  com])arison  in  order  to  dotermino 
the  amount  of  variation  in  the  color  and  in  the  other  points  in  which  tho  2 
.species  differ  from  each  other.  (Cramer.)  I'anama;  only  the  typo  (7^ 
inches  long)  known,     (jmnnonua,  tattered ;  referring  to  the  shoulder  llap. ) 

Smrimiia  pannom,  ViiAi\KU,  in  Gilkkkt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu8.  1896,  440,  pi.  42,  Panama. 
(Typo,  No.  47573,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.    Coll.  Albatnm.) 


ital  pit  1.',  in 


ise  of  caudal. 


2241.  SlORPiENA  OUTTATA,  Glrard. 

(SCOKPENKi   SCORPION;   SCULPIN.) 

Head  21  to  2|;  depth  3  to  3 J.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5;  lateral  line  30 
(tnlies),  50  to  60  scales.  IJody  robust,  litth^  compressed;  interorbital 
space  not  very  deeply  concave;  a  pit  at  the  vertex  in  front  of  occipital 
riflges,  much  broader  than  long,  narrowest  at  the  middle  line,  its  anterior 
edge  running  outward  and  forward  on  each  si«lo  to  base  of  tympanio 
ypinc.  Mouth  very  broad,  little  oblique,  lower  jaw  included;  inaxillary 
very  broad  posteriorly,  2,i,  in  head,  reaching  posterior  margin  of  orbit. 
(iill   rakers  very  short,  broad,  comx>ressed.    Cranial   spines   bluutish, 


wmw 


1848  DiiUdin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


11: 


'l! 


IiIkIi;  jnoocular,  siiprftncular,  postonilftr,  tympnnlc,  pnrtfltftl.  nnnhal,  .mkI 
occipital  H|)iiii'H  pnmoiit,  ItuHiileN  h  billd  Npino  hotwrcii  tlio  oxoceipitiil  ami 
orbit;  upper  preopun-iilar  Hpiiio  iimcli  tliu  loii^ost;  opoiuiilar  H|)iufH  imi 
lar^n;  HiipriiKCiipiihir  HpinitH  :i,  kniru-likii;  th<-  pnorliltal  with  It  or  I  mod 
ttrutt)  rid^HH  tlivMr^iiit;  (orwaid  and  (Midin^r  in  Hpiiics;  a  Nniiill  diHtint^t  pit 
betwucii  lower  iinturior  ninrj^in  of  orbit  and  Hiiborliitiil  Htay,  tb»  latti  i 
nioibratcly  carinato,  with  Honu^tininM  2  or  3  blnntisb  Hpints.  Iloiid  naked; 
breast  and  royions  bolbr«  pectorals  covered  witli  Minall  cnibodditl  hijiIcs 
(witli  exception  ol' opercular  llap);  anterior  niai'Kin  •>>  preorbitalH,  inaifrin 
of  preopercle,  and  nostrils  with  skinny  lla|)H;  u  rather  Huiall  llap  behind 
pruociilar  Hpine,  a  larger  one  betwei^n  siii)ra  aiitl  post  ooiilar  spineH,  ^i 
little  more  than  2  in  orbit,  besidcH  Hoveral  Hmaller  ones  on  varioiiH  parts 
of  the  Lead.  Scales  Hiiiall,  nowhere  distinctly  ctenoid;  nearly  every  scale 
on  the  upper  parts  of  bo<ly  with  a  small  membranaceous  tlap,  the  lla])s 
lai'|>(tralon}r  lateral  lino.  Dorsal  s])ineH  hi;;h,  higher  than  the  soft  rays,  tli< 
longest  2i,  in  head;  second  anal  spine  longest  and  much  the  strongest,  :i 
in  hoail;  pectoral  very  broad,  short,  and  rounded,  its  lower  rays  ])rocui- 
rent,  its  tip  reaching  beyoiul  the  ventrals  to  vent,  its  base  more  than  ^  in 
head,  its  length  3.<  in  body,  the  10  iowc^r  lays  simple,  thickene<l,  the  rest 
(except  the  uppermost  one)  branched;  caudal  rounded.  Hrown.  irregu- 
larly mottled  aiul  blotched  with  rosy  puri)lish  and  pale  olive;  opercles 
and  cheeks,  a  bar  behind  eye,  and  5  or  (J  large  blotches  at  base  of  dorsal, 
])urpliHh;  head,  back,  and  sides  with  many  snuill  round  dark-olive  spots; 
belly  unspotted;  )!'acic  region  pink  ;  spinous  dorsal  blackish,  its  middle 
part  with  nuiny  roundish  jiale  spots,  forming  a  continuous  stripe,  besides 
smaller  black  spots;  caudal  and  i)ectoral  with  vertical  bars  of  dark  ami 
pale  spots;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  spotted;  ventrals  pinkish,  little  sjtottcd; 
jaws  and  branchiostegals  yellowish,  more  or  less  mottled;  axil  pale,  with 
rouiul  dark  spots;  peritoneum  white.  Length  12  inches,  racilic  coast 
of  America,  from  Monterey  to  Ascensiou  Island,  on  the  west  coast  of  Lower 
California;  very  abundant  a))out  8au  Uiego;  a  good  food-liah.  Here  ilc- 
8cribe<l  from  San  Diego  specimens,     {ijuttutits,  speckled.) 

Scorpaina  guttata,  (JniAiiD,  I'roo.  Ac.  Nat.  St^i.  I'liilii.  1854,  14r»,  Monterey  (Coll.  Lieut. 
Trowbridge);  GinAiii),  l.  S.  Piic.  U.  It.  Surv.,  x,  FIhIios,  77,  i>l.  17,  ti),'H.  1  to4,  1858;  .Ion 
DAN  iV  (iiMiKUT,  Syuuiisis,  079,  188;i;  Meek  .V  NEWLiVNU,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila. 
1885,390,  3!I9. 

Si'battapistiM  yuttatus,  Stueets,  liiiU.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mim.,  vn,  02,  1877. 

224l>.   StOUP.EXA  I'LlMIKItl,  Ulocb. 

(Rascaoio.) 

Head  2^  in  length;  depth  3.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5;  lateral  line  40 (rows 
of  scales)  about  25  pores.  Body  short  and  thick.  Head  irregular  in 
form,  with  numerous  grooves  and  pits,  and  many  lleshy  Haps;  a  large  deep 
pit  below  the  eye,  between  it  aiul  the  front  of  suborbital  stay;  supraocu- 
lar flap  at  least  as  high  as  eye;  large  Haps  on  preorbital  and  edge  of  pre- 
opercle,  preocular,  supraocular,  i»ostocular,  coronal  (tympanic  ?),  parietal, 
nuchal,  and  exoccipital  spines  present;  a  deep  pit  behind  coronal  8i)ines, 
as  long  as  broad;  preopcrcular  and  opercular  spiuos  moderate,  bluutisli, 


Jordan  and  liver  maim , — /'islirs  o/'  A\>r///  .  Innr/ia.      IHIO 


.iiltorhitul  Htuy  |irniiiiiiuiit,  with  !<  or  I  Hliurp  NpitioH;  »  r«w  ncuIch  on  pro- 
upttrt'le  uii«l  oporiMiliti' Map;  lioiul  ntlirrwiHu  nuked;  niaxillury  rxucliinK  to 
Lii'IiiihI  o.vo,  not  <|iiit«)  ^  lioiul;  lowt^r  Jaw  iiiclnilod  ;  linsiHt  covnrod  witli 
.iiiiitll  t)tnlt(ul«l«ul  HCiihtH;  HcaloH  of  liody  lar^c,  not  ctonoid,  llrni,  many  of 
ilnni  witli  nirnibianiK  ooiiH  llapn;  latuial  lino  witli  a  hoiIuh  of  llonliy  lla)m. 
Iiiitjiul  low,  tlio  hi^lioHt  Hpino  2'j  in  lirad,  Hornewliat  low«r  than  the  Hol't 
iiiys;  poctoralH  vury  l>road,  pronirront,  rciciiinK  about  to  front  of  anal 
ini;  Ht'cond  anal  Hpino  vt^ry  roliiiHt,  L'i{  in  ht>ad,  inucli  larger  than  thir<l; 
till'  rid^KH,  HpineH,  and  ^roovoH  of  lioad  all  uxagK;(M'at«Ml ;  a  Hniull  bilid 
spinu  bt<t\vt4<n  orltit  and  oxoccipital  s)dno;  inturorbital  N))tic»  deeply  con- 
lavo,  tliu  pit  at  uccipnt  bowl  Hhajiud ;  maxillary  r»acliin){  nearly  to  poHto- 
lior  margin  of  «yo;  JawH  al)ont  oqiuil;  teeth  on  Jaws  in  ratluir  broad 
iMudH,  thoHo  on  vonior  and  palatinoH  in  narrow  bandn;  gill  rakorH  very 
Hlmi't,  as  broad  as  high;  ]iH«ndobranchiii>  large;  orbit  high  np,  5  in  head; 
pioorbital  wide,  corrngatitd  with  about  I  ra<liating  ridgoH,  itH  inferior 
liiiider  with  l{  Idunt  HpincH;  lumoof  poct(»raI  2^  in  head,  the  10  or  11  lower 
r;i ys  Hiinple,  a  little  thick(fned  and  exnerted,  the  up|u;i'  rayH  (except  the 
ii|i|>ernio.st  ont^  branched;  Heeond  anal  Hpine  Homewhat  longer  than  third. 
Tliu  color  highly  variegated,  Hubject  to  much  variation;  Hand  color,  with 
L' 1 1  road  blackiuh  MliadoH  on  the  body  and  1  on  the  head;  belly  ])urpliHh; 
lower  Hide  of  head  liuely  H]K)cklud  in  all  Hliatlen  of  light,  <lark,  and  pearly 
liluiMh;  upper  partH  covered  with  whitiHh  cirri  and  ]»rotnsely  Hpockle«l,  the 
Miirface  looking  as  if  covered  with  aand;  eye  with  radiating  dark  8])utH; 
(Idisal  covered  like  body,  with  some  well-marked  whitish  spotH;  dark 
liiiiid  of  body  paHHing  on  to  Hoc<md  dorsal;  caudal  variously  mottled,  with 
:t  pale  and  3  black  bands;  anal  whitish,  variegated  with  reddish  and 
liiuck ;  ventral  similar,  with  more  maroou  red ;  pectoral  still  more  varie- 
{f.iied,  the  tip  scarlet  shaded;  inside  of  pectoral  largely  bright  yellow, 
tlnn  blackish,  tinged  witli  cherry  rod;  axil  Jet  blatsk,  with  large,  round, 
white  spots;  lips  barred  with  black  and  whitish;  membranes  and  angle  of 
iiioufh  light  bright  yellow;  peritoneum  white,  ^lomo  examples,  espo- 
I  iiilly  old  ones,  taken  in  red  alga),  largely  scarlet  on  body  and  tins.  West 
Iiullos  and  IJrazil,  north  to  Fh)rida;  very  common  everywhere  from  the 
Florida  Keys  southward.     (Named  for  Father  Charles  I'lumier.) 

Srnri>n'mi  plittnieri,   Hl.ocH,   Nyii.  llimdl.  Stockli.,  x,  234,  178'J,  Martinique;    llLOrn   & 
S('IINKU)BU,  104,  1801;  (iUNTIIEU,  Cut.,  II,  UK,  lR(iO;  JOHUAN  &,  GUAiElVV,  SyiiopHJa,  U80, 

188:i;  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1884,  137;  Mkek  &.  Nkwi-and,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 

I'liila.  1885,  390,  400;  GOntiiek,  Cliallcnmir  Keport,  Shore  Finlics,  vol.  I,  I'art  Vl,  !>,  1880. 
srni-iKCiia  liu/i),  (Jdviku  &.  Valenciknnes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poisa.,  iv,  UUU,  182!),  Martinique. 
.Siii7/a'na  rancacio,  Poey,  Synopsis,  303,  1808,  Havana. 


2248.  SCOUP.ENA  MYSTE8,  Jordan  &.  Starks. 

(Lapon.) 

Iload  2i;  depth  [^h.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5;  scales  about  30;  orbit  OA  in 
he;i(l;  maxillary  2;  pectoral  2;  highest  dorsal  spine  3A ;  second  anal  spine 
li;  caudal  2.  liody  robust,  not  much  compressed ;  interorbital  space  wide, 
iii)t  deeply  concave,  .^  wider  than  orbit;  a  pit  between  prcorbital  and  eye, 
and  a  broad  depression  behind  coronal  spines;  membranaceous  Uajis  on 
3030 39 


I 
I 


1850  liiilUtin  /7,  llniti'd  States  Natiomil  Museum, 


|iri>nrliltnl,  rdjjiH  of  prooporrlo,  oviT  iioNtrllM,  iiiitl  iibdvn  «yo»;  prt'dnilm, 
MiipriUH'iilitr,  t.viii|>iiiii(;,  coroiml,  onripital,  niii'liiil,  iiiiil  xxuciipitul  Hpitii . 
pri'N^iit.  Miixilliiry  ri'iidiiiiK  to  lM«liiii<l  oyo;  lo\v«ii-  jitw  huliiilnil.  (iill 
mK«rH  Hhorfc  iiml  thii^k,  iilioiit  3-f' I;  IumiiI  iiukt'd,  witli  tlio  oxorptioii  of  i 
f«\v  t'lMlicililctl  Hcali-H  oil  pi»i)poi'<'l<!  iiiid  poHtui'ioi'  pint  of  upiMrlit;  Hralci 
oil  liody  lui'KOi  iiiiiiiy  of  Minn  with  iiioiiiliriiiiiiiM'oiiH  lltipH.  Olive  hrowii, 
iiiiiioHt  MiM^k,  iiihi'IiUmI  witli  iiK;lit  ilnili;  opitrniliii-  tliip  witli  pul«>  imI^i  ; 
tlio  liiiH  iiiiicli  HpolliMl  ami  iiiariilril,  all  ttxripf  HpiiioiiH  iIoimhI,  w  itii  \v|iit> 
iiiar^iii,  iiioi'i'  tliHtini't  in  tlitt  yiiiiii^;  faiiilal  tin  HJiowiii;;  W  intliHtinrt  (Tohs 
liai'N;  asil  ,i««t-lilark,  with  \vliit(«NpotH.  Allied  to  Siorimiia  i>liimi<ti  itloc  h, 
wiiieii  HpiM'icH  it  ropr()H«<iitH  on  tint  I'lirilio  CoiiHt  and  from  which  it  dilloiH 
ill  liaviii^  a  wider  and  llaltur  Interorhitul  ariMi;  th««  lowor  Jaw  wider  ami 
more  ronndi^d  in  iron  I;  the  kiioh  at  HymphyMiH  not  ho  Hliarp  and  proj«*eliii;;; 
the  pit  heliind  coronal  HpiiicH  hroadtu'  and  not  ho  deep,  and  tliu  color 
darknr.  I.enirlli  ir>inciieH.  I'acilic  coast  of  America,  (InayiiiaH  to  I'ananii, 
ptnorally  coininoii  on  lock.N  Hhoreu.     {/niirt/^,  prieat.) 

ticuipiinti  (/((/»'»'»  .loiciiAN  \  WTAIiKrt,  I'roc.  Cnl.  Ac.  Scl.  lMI»r>, 41H,  |il. 52,  Mazatlan.    (Tyim, 
NuM.i:>Ul,  11)10,  1017,  V!91B,  L.H.  Jr.  Uuiv.  Miia.    Cull.  llu|ikiiiH  Kxp.  to  Mu/.atlaii.) 

'i'iU.  M  Olti'.K.NA  (mANDiroltMN,*  Cuvkr  H.  ViUeiiciuiinva. 

(I.ION   FlMII.) 

Head  2.} ;  depth  2\.  I).  XII.  !t;  A.  Ill,  T);  lateral  line  LT.  (pores).  I»...ly 
ratiier  Htoiit;  deeper  than  in  Siorpnnti  itlmnicri  and  inmli  Ichh  varic;;atcil 
in  color;  Hides  and  head  witli  dermal  Haps;  llapH  on  lateral  line  lon^;  ;i 
Hlijjht  dcprcHHion  helow  eye;  " coronal '^  Hpinos  none;  HuhorbitalHtay  witii 
abont^Hinall  HpincH,  I  near  middle,  the  other  behind;  occipital  pit  very 
deep;  npiues  of  head  sharp;  a  few  scah-s  ou  opercle;  breuHt  with  rndi- 
nientary  Hcalcs;  Hupraocnlar  llap  very  large,  wide,  and  fringed,  more  than 
^  length  of  head,  reaching  to  beyond  front  of  dornal;  eye  about  I  in  liemi; 
maxillary  n^achiiig  po.sterior  margin  of  eye,  2i  in  head.  Dorsal  spines 
higher  than  in  related  species,  the  highest  e(|iial  to  Hecond  Hpino  of  ainil 
and  about  1  head.  Gray,  with  brown  shades  and  faint  cross  bars;  sides 
with  nninerons  bright  yellow  spots  in  life;  axil  dark  gray,  with  round, 
white  dots,  each  surrounded  by  a  dark  ring;  pe(;toral  largely  blackish 
above,  a  Itl.iek  blotch  at  base  below,  the  liu  largely  tinged  with  yellow, 
especially  on  the  inner  side;  supraocular  lilament  blackish,  with  gr.iy 
fringes;  soft  dorsal  largely  blackish  toward  tbetiji;  spinons  dorsal  cliidly 
dusky;  ventral  tijiped  with  )>lackisli;  anal  with  li  black  bands,  catiil.il 
with  2.  a  faint  band  at  its  base.  Florida  Keys  to  Hrazil ;  coinnion  in  shal 
low  water  among  alga-;  a  lish  of  striking  ai»i)earanco,  much  dreadeil  li\ 
the  lishermen.  The  specimens  here  described  from  Key  West,  (ijnnnli.t, 
largo;  corna,  horn.) 


*  Tlio  whoro  species  o[  Scorprrna  found  in  the  wiilora  of  the  Unitod  .States  may  be  dis- 
tin^riiisiicil  by  tfio  color  of  tlio  axillary  region,  an  follows: 
.v.  (/ If »a^a,  pale,  iisiiully  unspotted;  1  or  2  dark  spots  behind  it. 
a.  jdumirri.  Jcthlack,  with  a  few  large  white  sjiots. 
a,  hrairilieniiig,  pale,  with  several  round,  blackish  spots. 
8.  inrriiiis.  pale,  witli  dark  s)>ecks,  and  a  dark  sj)Ot  above. 
S,  yrandicornis,  dusky  gray,  with  uuuiorouB  whito  stollato  sjiots.    (.Jordan.) 


J 


/onitin  ifnif  f'A'i'nUitiin.      risfnx  of  JVorf/i  .hnirim.      LSTil 

Siorpfma  iirnnitUnniin.Cvvitn  A  Vai-kni'iicnnkii,  IliNt.Nut.  roln*.,  jv,  :m»,  1H".>»,  Martin- 
iquB,  Porto  Rito,  Havana,  Sun  Domingo  ;  (liSl  ilKli,  Cut.,  ir  IH,  IHflO;  I'uky,  S\rn)|i. 
Hh  ;i():i,  IK)18;  .liiuiiAV,  I'riii'.  1'.  S,  Nat,  Miih,  |sh|,  |;iri;  .rmiDAN,  Cut.  i<'Uli.,  lnU,  ItMOj 
Mkkk  iV.  NicwLAM),  I'roo.  Ac.  Nut.  8<-l.,  riiilu.  IHM,  IIIMI,  4Ul. 


'.'-.M.'i.  M  OltlM-'.> A   III  HHI  |,t,  .Ionian  ,V   lli.lliiiuii. 

Hmd  '2\  to  21  (:»  to  :»,',);  *lr|>ili  ;i'  t..:n,  (I  lo  l|).  1).  Xir.  10;  A.  [IF.  5; 
iiilt'i'iil  litin  I.")  to  17.  Itoily  rul)ii.st,  roiiipn  sHcd  ;  liiick  littliMthix  iiti'tl;  pro- 
lilo  vor.v  ^nitl.N  iirrlit'il  iVoiit  Hiiont  to  origin  of  H|)iiioiiH  <|oinhI.  Kyr  iHr^c, 
:ij  ill  hniil.  Moiitli  liir^f;  tiiuxilliiry  loiuhin^  poHti'iior  iniirmlii  ot' pupil, 
'.'  ill  lit'iiil.  Snout  \\  ill  lioail.  Iiit<  rorl)it;il  Hpiicr  iiiinow,  roni>:iVi\  its 
wiiKli  II  littlr  lesH  timii  k  i'\t\  Oit'lpitai  iiinl  Miiltitrliitiil  iiits  alisnit.  (iill 
iitliiii'H  Hliort  aii«l  tliii'jv,  T)  or  ti  ili^voloptMl.  NiiniiI  HpiiiuH  siiort  and  Hliiirp, 
nut  loii^t'i  tliaii  l*'ii<;lli  of  nostrils;  proocnlar  spiiir  voiy  pronilnrnt, 
iargor  than  otlicrH  on  top  of  head;  siipraoriiliu-  spino  not  ho  stroii;;:  as 
poHtocnliir  lint!  tympanic,  wliirli  itro  close  to^ctliur,  llu>  latter  follnwotl  by 
a  low  Htriiitu  riil){o  witicli  bears  tliu  low  occipital  ami  niirlial  spines;  no 
coronal  spines;  temporal  rid^o  |»roiiiinent,  eiKlin^  in  a  spine,  iind  with  2 
blunt  spines  in  Iront;  below  these,  and  about  liaHway  to  snburltital  stay, 
another  Hiiiall  and  Idiiiit  spinu;  pro<irl>itul  with  2  liir^e  forward  projiMtin^,' 
spines  ill  front;  suborbital  stiiy  with  a  prominent  t'\i\^*i  wliich  beaiH  a 
small  spine  below  anterior  margin  of  ])iipil,  ami  L'  mure  behind  posterior 
iiarj^iu  (in  tho  yoimy;  the  lirst  of  tliese  2  is  .ilisent).  I'reopercle  with  I 
iliHtinet  spiiicH,  besides  somo  4  sniallur  pnijeetiuiiH,  the  lar<;eHt  spine  with 
a  small  ono  iinnuvliately  below;  opercfiilar  spines  2,  lar;;e  and  sharp,  tlio 
lower  tlio  loiij^er.  Scales  small,  Hcai<ely  ctenoid,  those  on  belly  niiicU 
reduced;  breant and  region  in  frontof]iecturnl8  and  veutralH  scaled;  ante- 
dorsal  ref^ion  with  ){  or  I  rows  of  embeildtMl  Hcalcs;  teiiiporiil  rojjiou  with 
;i  few  embedded  scales;  cht^ek  with  about  I  rows  of  larj^e  Bcales  below 
tlie  Huburbital  stay;  niembrauo  (»f  oporelcs  witii  a  few  scales,  the  oporcio 
itself  naked;  scales  of  body  Avithout  lloshy  flaps.  Supraorbital  tentacle 
developed  in  the  youii<;',  disa])peariu}r  in  the  adult.  Dorsal  spiium  not  as 
lii;;h  as  soft  rays,  the  iiii  de«!ply  notched;  lirst  spine  2  in  «iye,  second  I'i, 
lliird  almost  eqiialinji;  eye,  fourth  and  tifth  almost  oijiial,  [\  in  he.id,  twelfth 
'.'<[  in  head;  lon<;'est  soft  ray  of  dorsal  2.^  in  head;  first  anal  spimt2|  in 
second  ur  2  in  eye,  second  anal  spine  lon^^er  than  third  and  ei|ual  to  eye; 
loiijjCHt  soft  ray  0)|nalin<j;  that  of  dorsal ;  peetorals  loiitj;,  1!  in  head,  the 
lower  11  rays  simple,  the  next  G  br.inched,  the  uppernu)rtt  1  simple;  ven- 
tral reachinjf  vent,  very  slightly  more  than  2  in  head;  caudal  equal  to 
jtectoral.  Color,  dark  brown  above,  ])rol»ably  crimson  in  life,  pal»»  below 
level  of  upper  half  pectorals;  upper  half  of  head  dark  but  without  any 
distinct  spots,  the  back  more  or  less  mottled  with  dusky;  spinouB  dorsal 
with  a  dusky  band  at  base  and  another  amoss  its  middle;  soft  dorsal  dark 
at  base  and  with  ',\  or  1  irregular  rows  of  small,  obscure  brownish  sj)ots; 
caudal  tipped  with  black,  traces  of  a  narrow  dark  bar  across  its  middle; 
[lectorals  slightly  tipped  with  black,  the  middle  slightly  mottled;  ven- 
tralsand  anals  pale  or  Avith  traces  of  black  on  tips  of  rays;  ])eritoneiim 
white.    Lougtli  G  iuches.    I'acitic  coast  of  Colombia.    Numerous  specimous 


I  ''I 


1852  Bulletin  I-'/,  I  hi  itcd  States  National  Museum. 

wciro  (IrcMl^ied  iit  a  (Ipptli  of  33  fathoms  nt  Alhaiross  StatioiiH  2795  and  2707. 
(Jordan  &.  iiollnian.)     i^rmmlm,  reddish.) 

,Scori>mna  niKHvln,  Joiiuan  \  JJoiXMAN,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1888,  105,  Pacific  coast  ol 
Colombia.     (Typo,  No.  411(10.    CoW.  Alhatfvsn.) 


%     t- 


224«.  SrOlli'.KNA  SOXOR.K,  Jonkiim  \.  Kvorniaun. 

Head  2\  (Hiu  total);  doptli  3|  (4i);  oyo3  in  head.  1).  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5; 
scak'b  (1-47-15.  JJody  oblong,  Blightly  compressed;  hack  not  {greatly  rlc- 
vated;  i>rofile  };ently  arched  from  .snout  to  orij^in  of  first  dorsiil,  and  Itiil 
little  convex  from  there  to  caudal  lin;  ventral  profile  nearly  straight  to 
origin  of  auiil,  Avhere  it  makes  a  broad  angle  with  line  fo  base  of  caudal. 
Head  large,  little  compressed.  Mouth  large,  obli<iue;  maxillary  large, 
triaiigular,  2.}  in  head,  extending  to  posterior  margin  of  ])npil;  premaxilhi 
ries  with  a  deepsinnsat  tiiemiddloof  their  anterior  margin  into  which  fits 
the  slightly  projecting  lower  .jaw.  Occiitut  having  no  distinct  pit;  no 
])it  Ix'tween  the  lower  anterior  margin  of  the  orbit  and  8uborl)ital  stay. 
Teeth  in  villiform  bauds  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  i)alatiucs.  .Suborbital  witii 
a  sharj)  ridge  bearing  .S  small  spines,  these  in  a  line  with  a  strong  spine 
on  the  preoperclo;  nasal  sjiines  small,  with  a  prominence  between  fhcm 
made  by  the  n])per  posterior  tips  of  tlie  prcmaxillarles;  the  preopercul.ir 
spine  the  largest;  the  supraocu'""  ridge  with  2  small  spines  a  little  bidiiiul 
middle  of  eye;  on  the  upper  posterior  margin  of  the  orbit  a  strong  tuber 
cle  rising  into  3  small  spines  from  which  a  well-developed  occipital  ridge 
extends  backward,  ending  in  a  sharp  spine;  tympanic  spines  (|uite  small ; 
coronal  ridges  quite  prominent,  Avith  at  least  3  distinct  spines  on  eacli ; 
nuchivl  spines  avcII  developed;  operdo  with  2  strong  ridges,  both  begin- 
ning at  the  same  point  on  a  level  with  the  pupil  and  at  a  distance  from  it 
equaling  diameter  of  eye,  the  lower  one  running  nearly  horizontally  back- 
ward across  the  opcrcle,  while  the  upper  and  weaker  one  diverges  from  it 
at  an  angle  of  about  HO  degrees  and  extends  to  the  lateral  line;  thelengtii 
of  each  of  these  ridges  equaling  diameter  of  eye,  both  ending  in  spines; 
five  preopercular  s]tiuc8,  the  uppermost  mucli  the  largest,  in  a  line 
w  :th  the  suborbital  ridge,  and  with  a  very  small  spine  on  its  ridge  near  tlu 
middle;  the  second,  or  ntixt  s])ine  below,  is  very  short  and  inconspicuons; 
the  third  slmrt  and  broad  and  jtrojccting  slightly  downward;  thofourtli 
smaller  than  third  and  inclined  still  more  downward;  while  the  filtli 
is  still  smaller  and  projects  nearly  at  right  angle  with  the  first;  suli 
orbital  ridge  prominent,  bearing  2  small  spines,  the  anterior  one  directly 
beneath  the  pupil,  the  other  at  anterior  edge  of  preoperde.  Origin  ot 
spinous  dorsal  a  little  in  front  of  ojiercular  Hap,  its  distance  from  snout .'! 
in  body  to  base  of  caudal ;  first  spine  short,  less  than  snout  in  lengtli ; 
second  spine  equaling  eye;  third  equaling  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to 
middle  of  pupil;  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  each  a  little  longer;  the  remain 
ing  1  gradually  shorter,  the  eleventh  about  as  long  as  first,  thus  makiun 
the  fin  emargiuate;  all  rather  strong  .and  pungent;  the  next  spine  slen- 
der, greater  than  eye  in  length;  distance  from  base  of  dorsal  to  caudal 
iiot  6', lulling   height  of  the  former;   anal   moderate,  its  height  a  little 


Jordan  aud  livcrmaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1853 

^routuT  than  itH  len^tli,  its  urigiii  under  beginning  of  ho  ft  doi'Htil;  tlio 
lirst  spino  shorter  than  soi-ond  spine  of  dorsiil;  the  seooud  much  stronger 
and  longer,  \  length  of  lieud,  longer  tlian  longest  dorsal  spine ;  third  more 
slender,  shorter,  about  equaling  longest  dorsal;  soft  rays  about  equaling 
longest  spine;  anal  and  dorsal  lins  equally  distant  from  caudal;  pcctoials 
long,  l,''i,  in  head,  their  tips  just  ]>iissing  lirst  anal  spine,  inaerttd  a  little 
in  advance  of  ventrals  and  mud'  below  axis  of  liody;  the  upper  rays 
branched;  ventrals  close  together,  moderate.  Just  reaching  vent;  caudal 
moderate,  about  equaling  pectorals  in  length.  Che  ks  well  scaled,  oper- 
clcs  nearly  naked,  occipital  region  with  a  few  poorly  developed  stales; 
l)ody  covered  with  moderate  cycloid  scales,  about  17  in  a  longitudinal  and 
21  in  transverse  series ;  tlie  lateral  line  l)eginuing  at  the  upper  angle  of 
operclo,  then  curving  downward  to  a  line  vertical  from  the  tips  of  the 
ventrals,  and  then  upward  to  near  middle  of  base  of  soft  dorsal,  from 
which  it  is  nearly  straight  to  caudal  (in ;  but  few  dermal  Haps  upon  scales. 
Coloration  in  ol^'.ohol :  body  pale  below,  dark  above,  mottled  with  darker; 
licad  (lark,  snout  and  jaws  covered  with  linopunctulations;  a  dark  blotch 
between  the  eyes,  an  irregular  blotch  extending  fiom  below  eye  to  edge 
of  operclo,  and  another  on  suborbital  just  below  pupil;  spinous  dorsal 
with  3  dark  blotches  at  base  extending  onto  body,  outer  edge  mottled 
with  black ;  soft  dorsal  with  a  dark  spot  at  the  base,  a  black  spot  greater 
than  di.ameter  of  pupil  on  middle  of  outer  pai't,  aud  another  on  the  tips 
of  the  last  rays;  pectorals  with  2  distinct  black  bars  and /iiottled  with 
black  near  the  base,  the  narrow  outer  edge  white;  axilla  pale;  ventrals 
white  on  anterior  half,  tlio  terminal  half  black;  anil  white,  tips  of  last 
rays  with  a  Idack  spot;  caudal  Avith  \\  black  bands,  the  lirst  partly  on  the 
l)edunclo,  the  second  about  e<iualing  \_  the  eye  in  width,  (lie  posteilor 
edge  at  middle  of  (in;  the  third  on  tip  of  fm,  abo\it  e(|ualing  snout  in 
width.  (.Jenkins  »fc  Evermanu.)  Length  about  1  inches.  West  coast  of 
Mexico;  Guaymas,  Mazatlau,  etc.  t'omuion  in  shallow  watu'.  A  sniall 
species,  closely  allied  to  the  group  called  Vonlxnun. 

Scorpaiita  sonora;  Jenkins  \-  Evkumann,  I'loc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1888, 150,  Gua yinas,  Sonora 
(Typo,  No.  ;!i)044.  Coll.  Jeukius  vV-  Kvuriuaiin);  Juuuan,  Fislica  tif  Siuuloa,  in  X'roc. 
Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  18»5, 492. 


2247.  SCOKP.K.W  INKU.MIS,  Ciiviia' \  Valcntiuiinos. 


Depth  U  in  t^tal  length.  1).  XII,  8;  A.  Ill,  5;  1*.  1!).  Body  ebmgate; 
opercniar  lobe  short,  £1  in  head;  eye  H^  in  head,  e(iual  to  snout;  interor- 
bital  space  concave,  5  in  diauu^ter  of  eye;  orbit  high  up,  maxillary  reach- 
ing posterior  border  of  orbit;  2  pores  along  the  lower  jaw;  the  iirst  sub- 
orbital with  2  spines  on  its  inferior  border;  jtreopercle  spinous  as  in  S. 
jihimirri,  the  other  8i)ines  in  the  head  less  pronounced;  the  internal  spine 
("coronal")  of  the  principal  fnmtal  lacking;  suprascapular  with  2  par- 
allel spines;  spines  of  dorsal  unequal;  pectoral  rounded,  its  lirst  2  rays 
simple  but  articulated,  the  next  2  branched,  the  following  14  simple; 
second  anal  spine  very  short,  about  '.i  in  height  of  body,  almost  eiiual  to 
diameter  of  eye;  occiput  without  pit;   supraorbital  Hap  quite  short,  a 


m^'' 


m. 


1854  fiuUcfi)!  /7,  Thiitcd  Sfatt's  National  Museum. 


very  small  ojw  ut  tlio  nostril;  soiuf  small  (ilaiiumlH  on  the  sitloH  and  <»ii 
l//>( nil  lino.  General  color  that  of  S.  i/nnulicDnna,  Cn\'ier,  marbled  wiili 
yellowish  fl/id  l»ro\vn.  the  belly  i>aler;  an  obscnro  blotch  on  snboperclc, 
another  on  inferior  haao  of  |)eetoral;  eatidiil  with  I}  vertical  browi;  bauds 
:>n  a  yellowif^b  i;round.  I  at  base  of  iin,  tlu;  Hceond  in  middle,  the  third 
terminal;  eye  marked  with  red  and  yellow;  axillary  rej^icm  entirely 
whifish;  no  small  white  points  on  the  scab's  of  this  reeion.  Ticn^th  :!^ 
inches.  (Pooy.)  West  Indies,  north  to  Florida  ;  recorded  from  Martini(|iie, 
Havana,  and  Clearwater  Harbor,  Florida.  This  species,  with  only  2  of  (lie 
pectoral  rays  branched  (Goode«.Sc  lk>an,  in  their  descrijjtion  of  the  Florida 
type,  say  "rays  all  or  nearly  all  simple"),  seems  to  form  a  transition  to 
*he  fifenus  I'ontinits,  which  can  be  di8tin<(Misli(d  from  Scorpuixi  only  by  the 
ndivided  condition  of  the  pectoral  rays.     (Iiicrniis,  nnarmed.) 

,SV((r/;(«*;i«  inennis,  Cuvn:u  \-  VAi.KN(ii:NNi:a,  Hist.  Nal.  I'lilss.,  iv,  ,'Ul,  IH'J'J,  Martinique. 

(Coll.  M.  llicliard.) 
Scin-iKi-na  (iccijiitalin,  POEY,  MfiiKirias,  n,  171,  18011,  Havana;   I'oKY,  SynojiKi.s,  3(1,'!,   iwis 

Jordan,  Cat.  Fishes  X.  A.,  100,  1«85;  Mekk  .'v  Kku'Lanh,  I'loc.  Ac.  iS'ut.  Hci.  J'liil.i. 

188.">,  397,  402. 
Scor2>cena  calcarata,'  Uoodk  \   I'.iiAN,  Prou.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mils.  18xi!,  12'-'.  Clearwater  Harbor, 

Florida  (Type,  Ko.  '.';t6«6.     Col).  Dr.  J.  W.  Velii);   JnuDAN   \    (iu.MKirr,  S.\  iioj).-*!:,, 


694.  PONTINUS    I'oey. 

Piintinvg,  POF.Y,  Mem.  Hist.  Nat.  Cuba,  U,  I7'J,  1800  {ratln)-,. 
Si'bantoidvK,  (iii.i.,  I'roc.  Ae.Nat.Sei.  I'hila.  180;t,  208  {kuMii). 

This  genns  diifens  from  Scorpcvna  chieiiy  in  having  the  pectoral  rnyti  nil 
simple  and  their  ti]ts  only  free;  anal  with  5  to 9  rays;  suborbital  Keel  com 
posed,  of  3  or  l  distinct,  differentiated  spines,  2  prominent  retrorse  spines 
on  each  preorbital.  No  pit  at  occi])ut;  scales  ctenoid;  clieeks  and  opci 
ehis  usually  scaly;  pectorals  not  ])rocurient.  The  American  species  nil 
have  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5.  (pontiiiun;  pons,  a  bridge,  referring  to  the  sub- 
orbital stay.) 


*  lltirt)  is  fjiveii  CiKxlo  \-   I'oan's  (les('i'i])ti(m  of -Vfiy/^ioKf  calcarata    «  liicli  species  .Im 
(Ian  and  Meek  iV  Newland  have  identilicd  willi  Si-oi-ikiiiii  (iri-ipildlia,  j'eoy: 

Seoriin'ita  calcarala,  (Jodhk  \-.  Hean:  l)ei)th  3.  I).  XI-I,  it;  A.  III.  '5;  P.  10.  Jalcnil 
line  28  (2.')  tubes),  liody  nmderato,  ri>l)iist;  eye  larKc,  nearly  3 in  head;  lower .j.'iu  sli(r|illi 
i)ro,joctinj^,  with  a  siuall  syni])liyseal  knob;  maxillary  roacjiinf;  past  pujiil,  its  Icnglli  J 
lioaid;  jireorbital  with  3  di vermin};  s|)iues;  suliorliital  without  j)it,  the  bony  stay  niodcralc, 
armed  witli  2  small  si)iiR's;  nasal  s)>iiips  small;  inteiMu-bitai  spa(0  narrow,  with  2  lc)ii;;i 
tudiiuil  ridjics,  its  \vi<ltli  i  l(>ii;;tb  of  oyc;  cranial  rldyiis  ratlier  low,  with  sliarj)  spiiif-, 
iirranf^i^d  as  in  Scotiiti-tKi  k/;'((;;(s(.  ()( i'i]iitiil  (inilj'  almost  olisohtc,  rejiresentrd  liy  ,1 
alifiht  dciire-ssion ;  ]ire(>pcrcnlar  spines  5,  the  lowernKist  alout,  directed  ilownw'ird  ami 
forward,  tlie  uiipermoat  rather  lonff,  nioro  llian  J  e\o;  opercular  anil  scapulai  spim  ,) 
nnxleratc;  supraocular  ll;ip.s  nunute,   i  few  other  small  (hips  on  hcai) ;  cjieidi.s  w  itii  lii 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Jus/iis  of  North  America.     1855 


a.  liiiHOof  pur.toral  hroail,  tlic  tin  t'uiiMliaiicd. 

h.  Snout  iiakod  iiliov  j  uh  is  tlio  iiiti'miOiital  HiuK't'. 

c.  Kloveiitli  (lorMiil  s|iint^  noiirly  aa  loiij;  as  twell'tli;  iiiiixilliiiy  '.!  in  lioiid  ;  iiitci'- 
orbital  si),'i<'i'  10  in  liiiad ;  eve  ;i  in  head  (yoiiuK  spi'finii'n).  rniloriii 
rosy,  intoriiiin>;li'd  with  pt-arly  wliilc.  MACiU)LKris.  '.'248. 

tc.  Klt'.vnnlli  dorsal  H]iin«  J  as  long  as  tvvi'lftii. 

(/.  I'".yi'  GJ  in  lirad;  maxillary  reaching  f,  across  oye;  iiead  1  in  total 
Iciigtii:  spinouB  dorsal  low;  iiuctoral  imintcd;  siipraorliital  tin- 
tacio  5  in  total  length  ;  carniino  red,  without  niarblin;;s. 

CASTOIl,  'JJIlt. 
M.  I';y(>  \  in  head;  iiiaxiihiry  icaehing  anterior  tliird  ut' orl)it ;  spinous 
dorsal  hij;h;  jiectoral  rounded;  <'Mriuiue  red,  witli  vertli-al  rosy 
l)andH.  rui.i.ix,  'I'lW. 

hh.  Snout  fully  scaled  above;  inleroriiital  space  \\  ith  lew  scales,  lop  of  liead  other- 
wise entirely  scaly.  katuuuni,  'J'-'jI. 
(irt.  Ilase  of  pjictoral  narrow. 

('.  Head  without  lllinnents:  nape  and  top  of  snout  scaly ;  ventrals  reaching;  vent. 

I'ecloral  ra.\H  l(i.  i.oNuisi'iMs.  'X'l'i'l. 

cc.  Head  with  simple  shiidet  tiliiimnts;  fop  of  head,  including  interorbilal  8pi.<'<' 

and  top  of  HiKiut,  entirely  scaled;  ventraU  not  roacliing  vint.     I'ectoral 

rays  18.  .sieuha,  2J5:i. 


L'L'iS.   i'OXTI.NiS  .M.VCKOLKI'IS,  (Joode  and  llean. 

Hoiul  al.>Mit2j;  doptli  aliout  :J;  flop  th  of  oaudal  pcdiiiicli"  i(|Mal  to  snout. 
I).  XII,  .0;  A.  HI,  5;  P.  17.  Widtliof  Load  about  2  in  its  l.notli.  Soalos 
t>-l.'2  (tulH's)-lO.  Iiitcrorbital  space  dcoplyconcavo,  2  in  snout,  10  in  lioiid. 
iOyo  al)out  ;^  in  Load  (in  a  young  iiKlividiial).  I'osfc  orliital  jtart  of  hoad 
'1  in  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  orioin  of  spinous  dorsal.  .Maxilla 
n  iuliinjf  hoyond  middlo  of  eye,  2  in  head;  niandlMo  rttiicliin.!,'  to  posterior 
border  of  eye,  about  2  in  head.  e(|ual  to  longtii  of  vontrai  (in.  Toetii  in 
\illiform  bands  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  paiatiiio;  a  uil^od  spaoo  at  syinpby- 
sis  of  intennaxillarios,  into  wbioli  tits  a  projocting  spur  at  tii>  of  maiidi 
IjIoh;  niandiblo  with  slight  sympbyseal  knob  and  3  large  pores  along 
middle  of  its  snifiieo.  Nasal,  pieocular,  aupraociihir,  postoci  l.ir,  tyin- 
piinio,  |i(iiiel;;l,  iind  nuchal  spines  present;  a  paroccipital  8))ine  and  2 
hnniorals;  2  stout,  Hat  spines  on  opeiile,  4  on  preo]»erole,  uj)perni{)st 
iMrgest,  and  with  siipjdenientary  spine  at  its  base,  third  larger  than  sec- 
ond or  fourth.  Suhoibilal  cari'.a  consisting  of  3  spines;  2  on  ]»reorlii(.iI. 
botii  bonding  hacKward.  I'otir  rudijnents  and  2  developed  ^^ill  rakers 
(ihove  angle,  !)  develo]ie<i  rakers  on  anterior  !imb  of  ardi,  developed 
rakers  with  smiill  knob  at  tip.  Preocular  (ilament  very  sliort;  supiancular 
lil.iinent  about  3  in  eye.  Anterior  no.stril  tubular,  with  thin  narrow  tlap; 
distance  between  anterior  nostril  and  eye  etjuals  intororl»it/il  width;  l/os- 
torior  nostril  not  tui)ular.  Scales  larger  than  in  I'ouHnuH  lnn</lsifl/ll»  tii 
(■(iHlor.  IntoroibitaJ  space  and  to))  of  snout  sealeless;  he.id  otherwise 
entirely  scaly.  Distance  of  dorsal  Irom  tip  of  snout  twice  tlu'  maxilla; 
liisl  Hpino  i|  of  second;  third  longest,  aliout  2.1  in  head;  poiniltimato  spine 
ibmito,  and  lust  B|)iiie  1  in  he-d;  hrst  and  last  spines  eiiual ;  longest  r.iy 
iboiit  3.i  in  head;  caudal  almost  truncated,  middle  ray*^  about  2  in  head; 
anal  origin  under  second  dorsal  H]Mne,  length  of  base  1  m  head;  (ir.stspine 
iilioiit  2^  in  second;  second  2^  in  head;  third  shorter  than  second,  about 


1850         Bulletin  //,  Uniicd  Stales  National  Museum. 

3,';  in  liond;  louf^est  my  oquiils  lungest  dorsal  Hpiuo;  pectoral  roachiiiL 
vent,  rays  all  Hiinplo,  loiiyeHt  3.4  in  lou<;th  of  body;  ventral  origin  uiidci 
base  of  ])octoral,  i-oaching  vent,  4  in  length  of  body.  Color  (in  fioHli 
speciiiieu)  uniform  rosy,  intermingled  with  pearly  white;  light  areuH  niosi 
conspicuouHon  ilns;  anterior  part  of  anal  more  intensely  colored  than  any 
other  part  of  HhIi;  cephali<-  tentacles  pale,  the  supraocular  pair  with  i 
little  band  of  rose  a  little  below  middle;  pupil  intense  Idue;  iris  golden 
above  and  below,  overlaid  with  rosy,  greenish  golden  anteriorly  and  pos- 
teriorly;  belly  and  throat  jtoarly  white;  the  light  areas  on  caudal  simulatr 
bands.  Total  length4^  inehos;  t<»  base  of  caudal,  3^  inches.  A  single,  snuill 
individual,  otf  Yucatan,  in  130  fathoms.  (Goode  and  Beau.)  (/<a«po5, 
large;  Aear/g,  scale.) 

riintimig  macrolepU,  Goouk  &  Bean,  Ocoaiiio  Ichthyology,  257,  li^-  247,  IHliO,  N.  lat.  20^  5g' 
30",  W.  Ion.  86°  23'  45",  at  Albatross  Station  3354,  off  Yucatan,  in  130  fathoms,  (Tyix', 
No.  39324.) 

224».  PONTIM  S  TASTOK,  I'oey. 

Head  2Hn  total  length;  depth  efpial  to  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to 
limb  of  ]>reoperele,  4  in  total  length.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  T);  P.  17.  Eye.")', 
in  bead;  snout  prolonged  in  front  of  orbit;  mouth  very  large;  maxillary 
reaching  'i  across  eye;  intentrbital  apaccf  very  narrow;  no  pit  at  occiput; 
3  pores  on  eacb  side  along  lower  jaw.  Teeth  as  in  others  of  the  groiii). 
as  also  opercular  spines,  which  are  not  striated;  preopercle  with  a  ratliei 
strong  spine  on  its  border  which  has  another  smaller  one  at  its  base; 
below  this  2  blunter  8]»ines;  first  sul)orbital  with  a  llat  spine  above  and 
2  others  on  its  inferior  border;  none  on  its  crests;  1  short  backwavdly 
directed  spine  on  the  second  suliorbital  and  2  on  the  third;  nasal  spines 
present;  preocular  spines  very  sharp;  supraocular,  po.stocular,  and  tym- 
panic spines  present,  in  a  straight  line,  joining  the  parietal  and  nuchal 
spines;  a  spine  on  the  mastoid,  another,  sometimes  2,  on  the  supra8C<a])ii- 
lar;  postfrontal  with  2  small  spines.  Spinous  dorsal  low;  last  dorsal 
spine  twice  as  long  as  the  one  before  it ;  second  anal  S)>iue  medium;  pec- 
toral pointed,  its  seventh  ray  longest,  the  others  decreasing  rapidly;  all 
simple,  articulated.  Lateral  line  plain,  a  tube  on  each  scale;  scales  of 
back  and  belly  of  same  form  as  those  of  sides,  the  latter  larger,  none  on 
bead,  first  suborbital,  maxillary,  interopercle,  nor  on  limb  of  preopercle. 
Flai)8  not  branched;  supraorbital  tentacle  long,  5  in  total  length,  tlie 
others  very  short;  1  on  ethmoid,  1  on  prefrontal,  1  on  parietal,  many  on 
lateral  line  and  belly.  Body  carmine  reil  without  marblings;  fins  with 
alternations  of  red  and  orange;  iris  red  with  small  yellow  circle;  snjua- 
ocular  tentacles  and  last  rays  of  pectoral  aiiuulated  with  brown.  Length 
8  inches.  Havana;  very  rare  in  ileop  water.  (Poey.)  One  specimen,  col- 
lected by  Poey  and  agreeing  with  his  description,  examined  by  us,  in  the 
U.  y.  National  Museum.     {Castor,  twin  brother  of  PoUnx,  in  Mythology.) 

Ponthuii  cantor,  I'okv,  Mciuoria.s,  11, 173, 18G0,  Havana.     (Coll.  Poey.) 
Seotycena  castor,  Meek  &  Newland,  Proo,  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'Lila.  1885,  397, 402 


1     '■ 


Jordan  and  Evcrniami .— Fishes  of  North  America.     1857 


>»«>.".i»  i» 


50.  IMIXTIM  S  IMILMIX,     I'ooy. 

Very  clo8»'ly  rel.at<Ml  to  PoHliinia  ntsliir  in  (orm  and  color,  distiiijj^niRlieii 
principally  by  its  skclotou.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  ">;  V.  17.  B«»ily  hifjlior 
'lian  in  I'ontiniia  ciiHlor,  lioail  snuillcr;  oyo  larjior,  11  in  total  lun<^tli,  I  in 
licad;  maxillary  reaching  anterior  third  of  orbit;  interorbital  space  only 
'  of  ocnlar  diameter;  occiput  no  more  dcpre8so«l  than  \n  Ponlinua  coator. 
V'wHt  suborbital  with  2  quite  strong  spines  on  its  inferior  border,  and  1  on 
its  crest;  a  <loubh^  spine  on  second  suborbital,  2  on  thiid,  in  a  lino  with 
tlui  double  anterior  preopercular  spine,  below  the  latter  3  others;  the  otluir 
.pines  as  in  I'lmltniia  nmlor.  Tlie  long  Ixmy  suprascapular  tentacle  m(«"e 
slender;  a  small  preorbital  tentacle;  others  present  on  the  ])ointH  of  some 
of  the  dorsal  spines;  the  rest  ditllcult  to  distinguish.  I'ectoral  rounded; 
spinous  dorsal  high.  General  color  carmine  red,  with  vertical  rosy  bands; 
I hese  2  colors  alternating  on  the  fins;  iris  vermilion;  jteritonenm  silvery. 
Length  !)if  inches.  Havana,  very  rare  (Poey);  not  scou  by  us.  {I'oUux, 
line  of  the  Gemini  or  twins.) 

I'luitinuspollux,  I'OKY,  Meinorins,  u,  174, 18G0,  Havana.     (Coll.  Poey.) 

2251.  rOXTlXrs  KATIIin'M,  (!o..(l. wv  Hean. 

Head  about  2^  ;  de])th  about  2.V;  cyo  and  snout  eqnal,  1  in  head.  D.  XII, 
10;  A.  Ill,  5;  P.  17.  Greatest  Avidth  of  head  equals  middle,  caudal  rays, 
hitororbital  spaci^  not  very  deeply  concave,  about  2}  in  eye,  about  10.V  in 
head.  Maxilla  nearly  reaching  jjosterior  margin  of  eye,  about  2^  in  head. 
Mandible  reaching  beyond  eye,  eciual  to  postorbital  part  of  head,  twice 
as  long  as  eye.  Teeth  in  villiform  bands  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines; 
,1  naked  8i)ace  at  symphysis  of  intermaxillaries.  A  pair  of  recurved  spines 
oil  i)reorbital,  t  on  suborbital  carina;  4  on  preopercle,  the  uppermost  with 
a  smaller  supplementary  spine  at  its  base,  the  iirst  and  third  largest;  a 
pair  of  compressed  Hat  spines  on  oporcle;  nasal,  preocular,  snpraocular, 
postocular,  tympanic,  parietal,  and  nuchal  spines  present;  single  pos- 
terior spine  on  each  side  and  2  humeral  spines.  Two  gill  rakers  and  5 
I  udimeuts  abovt^  the  angle,  and  8  rakers  and  5  rudiments  on  the  antt^rior 
limb,  the  longest'  about  6  in  eye,  slightly  expanded  at  the  tips.  Psoudo- 
hranchiai  well  developed.  A  A-^ery  short  and  slender  preocular  and  a  large 
Hupraoccipital  (supraocular?)  lilameut,  tlie  latter  about  1|  in  eye,  expand- 
ing at  top  into  a  semileaf-like  tip ;  a  p;  wall,  slender  filament  between  i>ari- 
otals  and'iiuchal  spines,  a  combined  lilameut  behind  the  lower  preorbital 
spine;  anterior  nostril  tubular,  Avith  2  or  3  small  filaments.  Intcrorbital 
space  AVith  few  scales ;  top  of  snout  fully  scaleci ;  Jiead  entirely  scaly  above. 
Distance  of  spinous  dorsal  from  tip  of  snout  equals  length  of  base  of 
spinous  dorsal,  2)i  iu  body  length ;  Iirst  spine  2  in  second;  third  longest, 
iii,  iu  head,  e(iiial  to  upper  jaw,  twice  as  long  as  penultimate  spine;  last 
spine  equals  eye,  4  in  head;  base  of  soft  dorsal  4,  and  longest  rays  6  in 


*  Poey  stntes  that  ho  iioglocti'd  to  t.iko  -""tes  on  tin-  jieiierrc  ch.arai^tora  founded  upon 
I  ho  scales  of  the  head  iind  Iho  Hiiii])!*'  ra\  s  oii^tho  pectoi'al  in  I'ontinux  pnllux,  but  tlio 
siH'cios  is  so  uearly  related  to  rontitius  castor  that  ho  lieheves  it  belongs  to  the  same 
Keuus. 


':.lt.:ir 


II 


1858         Bullclin  .//,  United  States  National  Museum. 


]' 


hotly  luiigMi.  ('aiidiil  lu^arly  trmiciitc,  middlo  rays  l.j  in  body  ltMi;;tli, 
first  iiiiiil  Hpinn  about  2A  in  HtMtoiid,  I  HtM-oiid  lon^^or  than  tbird  ;  loiiu<>.si 
ray  ('(|iiiil,s8ocoud  s])ino;  jioctoiiil  rt'ai  inj;  sliglitly  beyoud  voiit,  tbo  ray; 
all  siiiipb', the  tenth  loiif^ost,  l  in  lengtli  ol'  body;  ventral  reachinj?  vont, 
itH  HpiiM'  3  in  Iwad.  Oeiuiral  color  lifjjht  orange  yellow  (in  life  jtrobably 
roseate);  *>  dariv  blotchea  on  npper  surface,  lirst  on  nii]te,  second  at  be^in- 
ninjf  of  Hjdnons  dorsal,  third  under  fourth  doisal  spine,  Ibnrth  be};inniii'; 
under  seventh  s]une,  fifth  at  ori<rin  and  sixth  near  end  of  noft  dorsal,  tin 
largest  a))ont  \  eye;  soft  dorsal  with  iinnierons  roundish  dark  blotilics 
on  the  skin  eoveriufj;  the  rays;  caudal  marked  like  soft  dorsal;  other  lin^ 
pale,  licngth  4i  Inches.  Closely  related  to  I'onlinita  cttnarienHia,  but  dis- 
tinguished bj'  shorter  ]»ectorals,  longer  second  anal  sjdne,  more  advanct  il 
position  of  anal  fin,  suborbital  crest,  more  advanced  position  of  i)ectoral. 
whose  base  is  almost  hidden  under  branchiostegal  membrane,  etc.  OH 
Cape  Hattoras,  North  Carolina,  iu  80 fathoms.  (Goode  A,  Mean.)  ("Nannd 
for  Mr.  Kichard  Rathbun,  chief  of  the  Division  of  Scientific  In(|niry  in 
tlio  United  States  Fish  Commissiou,  in  recognition  of  his  important  c(in 
tributioniJ  to  marine  zoology.") 

Pontinn.1  tallibuni,  GooDK  &  15KAN,  Oceanic  Ichthyology,  '2'u>,  (i<;.  '245, 189(!,  off  Cape  Hat- 
teras,  N.  lat.  35°  39',  W.  long.  74  '  52',  in  80  fathoms,  Albatross  Station  2298.  ('i'.v|it', 
No.  8U325.) 

2*_'.J-_».   I»0.\TIMS  I.OMJISIMMS,  (;o(h1c\  ncaii. 

Head  about  2.1;  depth  Uj ;  least  depth  of  caudal  ])cdunele  I  iu  hciid. 
1).  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  .5;  P.  Ki;  rows  of  scales  T—Ut-IB;  pores  of  lateral  lin(» 
25.  Greatest  width  of  head  about  2  in  its  length;  intororbital  space  7  in 
head,  2  iu  eye.  Eye  iik  in  head,  eriual  to  snout.  Maxilla  reaching  middle 
of  eye,  2,;  in  head.  Mandible  extending  a  little  farther  back,  alxmt  2  in 
head.  Teeth  in  Jaws  iu  villiform  bauds;  a  slight  interspace  at  symphysi.s, 
separating  the  2  enlargiid,  club-shaped  ends  of  the  iutermaxillaries; 
vomerine  teeth  in  a  very  narrow  triangular  baud;  palatine  bands  very 
narrow.  Nasal,  preocular,  supraoculai,  postocular,  tympanic,  parietal, 
and  nuchal  spines  present;  tlio  supra  and  post  ocular  and  tympanic  small; 
a  postorbital  spiuo  behind  orbit,  2  on  Hlu)uldcr;  a  pair  of  spines  on  front 
of  preorbital,  3  on  suborbital  ridge,  I  on  preopercle,  of  which  the  one  ,it 
the  middle  of  the  bonhsr  is  the  largest;  2  on  oixTcle.  (Jill  rakers  stoni, 
rather  short,  12  develo]»ed  on  anterior  arch,  !>  of  them  on  .anterior  linili, 
besides  the  rudiiueuts.  l'soMd(d)rauchia'  well  developed.  No  filaments 
about  head.  Cheeks,  operclcs,  najie,  and  top  of  snout  scaly;  sides  ni 
snout  and  nuixillaries  naked.  Anterior  nostril  tubular,  distance  from  cm 
i  of  diameter  of  eye.  Origin  of  8i)iu(»us  dorsal  a  little  in  front  of  base  nl 
pectoral,  distance  from  tiit  of  snout  twice  length  of  maxilla;  first  s]»inf 
about  li  in  second,  second  about  2  in  third,  third  2  in  head,  the  elevciiili 
about  Ik  in  twelfth,  longest  ray  2 J  in  head;  caudal  very  slightly  emargi- 
Uiite,  middle  niys  about  1  in  body  length;  origin  of  anal  under  first  ray 
of  soft  dorsal,  its  base  about  3  in  hea<l,  second  sj)iue  longest,  the  first  'M 
in  second,  2i  in  third;  longest  rlty  a  little  shorter  than  longest  .spim  ; 
pectoral  reaching  beyoud  vent,  almost  to  end  of  spinous  dorsal,  its  ongui 


Jordan  and  hlvcnuau)! . — Fishes  of  North  Aiiwrica.      1H59 


>ol()W  Hi'coiul  iiixl  tliird  dorsjil  m|uiu^h,  rays  all  Hiiiall;  ventral  under  p«r- 
Dtal,  n!achiii<r  vont,  uboiit  2  in  Ix-ad,  itH  Hpiiio  e(|iial  to  maxilla.  \'<>nt 
nilor  ninth  spine  of  dorHul.  Color  (of  alcoholic  H])eciincni  li){ht  orange; 
:Midal  with  a  lew  Hniall  dnsky  hlotches;  the  other  liim  italc  Not  ho  dfcp- 
odicd  aH  I'oiiUhhh  kniilli,  hut  its  ;;ill  rakers,  dorsal  lin,  and  the  ridjjes  of 
lieadandof  the  scales  are  Hiniilai'.  Lenj^th  ")  inchos.  Oiilf  of  Mexico,  olV 
■  last  of  western  Florida,  in  moderately  deep  wat«!r,  ((Joode  A  Mean.) 
'ottjiinphiix;  loni/iiH,  lon^;;  itplnn,  spine.) 

I'lintiuiit  loiiiii»jiinU,  (ionuE  it  liKAN,  Ocoiiiiic  lililliyiiloji.v,  '2UH,  ll({.  240,  1890,  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  at  Albatross  Station  340a,  28  '  36'  N.,  85  '  33'  30"  W.,  in  in  fathoms.  jjCryiie, 
N(i.8!l32;i.) 


'2'2'iil.  l><»>TI.\rs  SIKitltA   ((Hlbirt). 

Head  2!,;  deptli  IJ.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  III,.">;  1'.  IH;  lateral  lino  25  (tuhes). 
I'xidy  of  moderate  depth  ;  the  Hnontsharp ;  caudal  peduncle  slendc  r,  wedjj«!- 
.siiapcd,  least  depth  less  than  !  head.  Eye  largo,  ociualing  snout,  I  in  head. 
Mouth  hirye,  the  lower  jaw  wholly  included,  the  dontigerous  portion  of 
)iromaxillarie8  shutting  outside  of  mandihlo,  with  a  deep  notch  anteiioily, 
wjiich  receives  tip  of  mandilde.  A  strong  symphyseal  knob.  Maxillary 
in  adults,  about  roa(diing  vertical  from  posterior  border  of  orbit,  nearly 
.  lenglh  of  head.  Teeth  in  broad  bands  on  jaws,  vomer,  :ind  palatines. 
Intcrurbital  space  narrow,  concave,  with  a  pair  of  low  ridges  much  diverg- 
ing liehind,  its  width  2J  in  orlut.  Head  very  rough,  the  spines  com- 
|iressed,  knife-like,  disjjosed  in  0  well-delined  series,  the  upper  containing 
tin*  nasal,  the  conspicuously  jirojectiiig  preocular,  the  sni>raocnhir,  po.st- 
(iiiilar,  tyniitanic.  occipital,  iind  nuchal  s)dncs;  parocciptal  ridge  contain- 
ing a  single  spine  immediately  behind  orl)it,  and  I  at  its  postt^rior 
rxtromity;  the  bri<lge  across  cheek  very  stnmg,  its  ridg(i  continued  for- 
ward onto  preorbital  boue  and  containing  1  very  strong  spines;  m.irginof 
])icorbital  with  2  diverging  spines;  upper  spine  of  preopercle  very 
strong,  in  line  witli  suborbital  ridge,  with  a  smaller  spine  .'it  base;  [\ 
ether  ])reopercular  spines  below  this,  directed  downward  and  backwanl, 
the  lower  nearly  oiisolete  in  adults.  No  pit  on  occiput  or  below  front  of 
(,\o.  (»il  I  rakers  short  and  broad,  iibout  as  highas  wide,  the  long«^st  aiiout 
I  diameter  of  ])upil,  7  in  number  <m  anterictr  limb  of  arch.  Uetrsal  spines 
weak,  very  low.  the  longest  ciiualing  diameter  of  orbit,  the  eleventh  .V 
this  length;  soft  doisal  short  iind  high,  its  longest  r;iy  2A  in  head;  cau- 
(l.il  trun<ate,  its  length  e([UJi]ing  length  of  snout  .ind  eye;  anal  spines 
not  very  strong,  the  second  slightly  longer  and  stronger  than  the  third, 
i(s  length  eciuiiling  length  of  snout,  1. J  iu  soft  rays;  vcrutrals  not  re;i(b- 
ing  vent;  pectorals  with  narrow  noni»rocumbent  liise.  tiieir  width  about 
i(|ualing  eye,  the;  rays  all  simple.  8<'ales  large,  thin,  everywhere  ctenoid, 
loviuing  brciist,  cheeks,  opereles,  top  of  head,  and  a  part  of  snout;  want- 
ing on  maxillarics  and  mandibles;  head  with  simple  slcndei'  til.uuents, 
usually  1  to  each  spine;  eai'h  scale  of  8i<les  with  a  tVinge  of  minute  liia- 
iiieuts  around  edge.  (Jolor.  light  red,  with  irregular  dark  greenish  olive 
markings  on  n])pcr  balf  of  sides;  a  blot»di  of  sam<^  coloi-  below  eye,  1 
aliove  opercular  spine,  and   a  few  rounded   spots  on  soft  dorsal,   more 


i>tiidM' 


H  ^ 


^i  :: 


1800 


Ihdlctin  //,  l^niticf  St(tf(S  Natio)ial  Mustum. 


iiiitnnroiiH  on  riiiitlal ;  lowrr  Hiilii  of  liuiitl  wliito;  Imcciil  ami  jjill  cnvitiiM 
iiiid  prritoiiiiiiim  Inijiht  whiti'.  r-cnytli  10  indioH.  fiull"  of  Ciilir«»nii,i, 
in  miMlorntoly  iloop  watt-r.     (<JillKirt.)     (»i«7T«,  a  waw,  in  .Spaiiinh.) 

,Srof2>n-na  iUrra,  Cimikht,  I'roc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mim.  IH'.K),  H'.',  Qulf  of  California  at  Albatro  . , 
Stations  3996  and  3011,  in  iia  and  71  fathoms,  N.  lat.  34"  30'  15",  W.  long,  no'  3'/, 
and  N.  lat.  aS*^  7',  W.  long,  iii"^  39'  45"- 

695.  SETARCHES,  Julinson. 

Setaiehfii.  Joiinhon,   Prof.   Zool.  ,So<i.    Loml.  1802, 177  iiiiiiithiri). 

ItuthjIKvUdUi'H,  SlKINliACIINKIl  vV,  Di'iDEUI.KIN,  DoiiHciir.  Al<ll(l.  \ViH».  Wicii  1H84,  J"; 
[aUn'Kceni). 

Head  anil  l»od\  conipiossed ;  head  scalelcHS  above,  its  honi's  cavenmui, 
Hat  lictweun  tbo  oyes;  only  1  pair  of  npin»!.s  at  occiput;  no  tninsvoi-^i' 
groove  at  occiput,  only  small  Hpines  or  none  altovo  orbit;  opercle  and  jiro- 
oporcle  strongly  ai  incd  with  strai^lit,  long  HpincH.  Eye  moderate,  near, 
but  not  touching,  profile.  Mouth  terminal,  broad,  somowhat  obliipK  ; 
maxillary  extending  to  ]tostcrior  edge  of  eye,  much  <'xpand»Hl  behiml. 
Lower  jaw  somewhat  projecting,  the  small  symphyseal  knob  received  in 
rostral  notch.  Villi  form  teeth  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Prcorbitiil 
with  2  or  3  spim-s.  Operch^  scaly.  Scales  cycloid,  moderate.  Lattnil 
line  a  braad,  scalelcss  groove  with  skinny  (about  27  to  30)  tubes.  No  laci- 
nia!.  Dorsal  deeply  notched,  with  12  spines,  its  origin  iu  front  of  ]mi  - 
toral;  soft  dorsal  shorter,  the  rays  fewer  than  the  spines.  Anal  inserted 
under  end  of  dorsal,  its  spines  strong,  graduated.  Pectoral  broad  and 
bony,  with  20  or  nu)ro  rays,  of  which  a  consideraliie  number  of  median 
ones  are  branched.  Hranehiostegals  (i  or  7.  Pyloric  ai»pendages  few. 
Deep  water.     ((Joode  &.  ISoan.)     (Etymology  not  ohvitms.) 

2254.  SKTAIKIIES  IMIl.MATIS,  Coo.lo 

Head  2\\  depth  about  21.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5  or  (i;  ab<..it  30  tubes  in 
lateral  line,  IJody  short,  somewhat  compressed;  head  somewhat  com- 
pressed. Intcrorbital  area  equal  to  eye.  Eye  somewhat  l»elow  protilo. 
Ridges  on  top  of  head  low  and  inconspicuous;  2  extending  to  occipnt, 
terminating  iu  low  flat  spines;  2  short  ones  over  posterior  margin  "forliit, 
ending  in  spines.  Snout  as  long  as  orbit.  M«uith  wide,  somewhat  obliqnc. 
maxillary  reaching  nearly  to  posterior  margin  of  <u"bit,  its  extreniily 
expanded.  Lower  jaw  scarcely  projecting,  Avithout  prominent  Ivuob  .ii 
symphysis.  Sides  of  head  li^jhtly  armed;  4  slender  elongate  spines  on 
preoperclc;  spines  on  opercle  small  .and  inconspicuous;  2  slender  spinc> 
<ni  proorbital,  the  anterior  one  toucliing  opening  of  mouth;  edge  of  snii 
orbital  broadly  scalloped  with  2  points  projecting  downward  opposite 
anterior  and  posterior  margin  of  orbit.  Dorsal  insertion  in  advance  it' 
the  pectoral,  lirst  spine  more  than  |  second,  erjual  to  ninth;  second  ei|U;il 
to  seventh;  third  and  fourth  equal,  a  little  longer  than  maxillary,  the  lin 
deeply  notched;  anal  inserted  under  posterior  ]iart  of  soft  doi'sal,  last 
spine  and  longest  ray  equal,  as  long  as  soft  dorsal;  ventral  base  under 


'^HH|8 


I  ^; 


i  t 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fis/us  of  North  .Imcrica.      1<S(»1 

I'cuiid  dorsal  Hpiiie;  tip  not  r<-arliiii^  vtiit;  ]>oct<iral  l>r<iii<l  at  Imimu,  ulou- 
iite,  Honio  of  the  mcdiaii  rays  upiiiirfiitly  hrumlifd,  tho  tip  uxtdKliiiK 
lM>y<>n<l  origin  ot'iinal,  Vuntclustt  tnniigin  of  aiiHl.  8(;al(«s  smull,  cyclnjil, 
1  iicli  with  Hovoral  eoiin-iitric  I'mniWH;  Moales  mi  opcnlo,  prc<>por<'It<,  aixl 
>iil>oporclc;  licad  otherwiHe  scalolcHs.  Latt-iMl  lino  broad,  Kcalolcss,  wltli 
skinny  tubes,  practiraily  parailol  Nfith  doi'Nal  outlint>.  ((ioodo  iV  Bean.) 
(Iiilf  Stream  olVcoasts  of  Rhode  iHlaiid  .iiid  North  (.'aioliiia  and  ofl'  wostern 
i  lorida;  also  oil'  liarbadoH  iult;ito20!)fathouiH.  {^wrmutux,  Hhieldcd,  iVoiu 
I  lie  lar^o  scaleH.) 

Seiarchen  parmatnx,  (iooDE,  Proc.  l^S.  Nut.  Muh.  18S(),  48o,  ynniiK  simclnien,  from  the 
"  Lopholatilus  grounds  "  in  the  Gulf  Stream  south  of  Rhode  Island,  at  Pish  Hawk 
Station  876,  lat.  39"  57'  N.,  long.  70  56'  W.,  in  lao  fathoms  (Type,  No.  28084); 
GooOE  it  IJka.N,  Hull.  MuN.  Coiiip.  /ool.,  x.  No.  .1, '.Ma,  1HH;J;  .Ioiiuan  iV  (In.ltKKT,  Syii 
op8iH,<WJ,  IHHU;  (jCntiiku,  (Muillfnjjor  llcport,  x.\ii,  19  1887;  OoooE  &  Bean,  Ociuinic 
IcIitUyoloh'y,  204,  fig.  210,1800. 


Family  CLXXVII.  ANOPL*  )I'()MATID.E. 
(TiiK  Skil-kishks.) 

I'liis  laniily  is  clo.sely  allied  to  the  Ilvxiuirainmidw,  dirt'oriiifj;  chielly  in 
tlie  normal  <lo\elopmont  of  the  nostrils,  which  are  f(»rnicd  as  in  the  Hicor- 
jiii  ni(1(i;  and  as  in  lishcs  jiieiu'rally.  The  two  known  i^enera  dill'er  widely 
Irom  oacli  other.     IJoth  are  found  in  the  North  racilic. 


.VN()1>I,01'0MATIN«: 

a.  Dornal  fiim  widely  Hoparatcd;  nnnl  fin  with  rt  HpinoR. 

KkiI.KI'UHN.K: 
iia,  UurHtil  liii  continuous,  deoply  notched;  iinal  without  distinct  apiuoH. 


Anoplopoma,  096. 


EKILKPI8,  697. 


696.  ANOPLOPOMA,  Ayres. 

Aimidoitoma,  Ayues,  Troo.  Cnl.  Ac.  Nat.  .S(m.  1859,  27  {merlti n;ivii ^=  ji iiibriit) . 
■''iviiihfocotltis,  I'ETEUs,  Hi'iliiicr  MonatMber.  1872,  bW  {miliiKinetiii.    I'niibria). 

IJoily  eliiiij^ate,  little  compressed,  tajx'riiig  into  a  very  slender  eaudal 
peduncle;  head  rather  lonj;;,  the  snout  somewhat  tapering;  mouth  ter- 
minal, modorato,  the  lower  jaw  included;  maxillary  very  narrow,  slipping 
iihiiost  entirely  under  the  preoTbital;  teeth  moderate,  cardiform,  those  in 
(lie  lower  jaw  in  a  single  series  laterally,  and  in  a  narrow  band  in  front; 
ii|>l)er  jaw,  vomer,  aiul  jtalatines  each  with  a  band  of  similar  teeth;  bead 
entirely  scaly;  no  supraorbital  Hap;  preopercle  unarmed,  its  memi)ra- 
iiaceous  edge  erenulate;  gill  membranes  joined  to  the  isthmus;  body 
entirely  covered  with  minute  ctenoid  scales;  lateral  line  single;  dorsals 
Kliort,  well  separated,  the  first  of  slender,  llexible  spines;  second  dorsal 
shorter,  similar  to  the  anal,  which  is  preceded  by  3  weak  spines;  ven- 
tials  but  little  behind  pectorals;  caudal  flu  forked;  ])eritoneum  black; 
liyL)ric  ca»ca  about  2,  long  and  slender;  gill  rakers  slender,  iavr,  not  very 
wliort;  nostrils  normal,  the  posterior  well  develo])ed.  Two  species  known ; 
liirgo  fishes,  valued  as  food.     (ciVoTrAog,  unarmed;  nco/ia,  oijerculum.) 


iJ;,;!.,r- 


M 


lHrt2  nullvtin  /7,  I /nitiii  StnUs  National  A fi(S('nm. 


liM.  AMOPl.OrOMA  FINIIItIA  (riillus). 


(ItRHIloW;    OlAI.KIMII;    SkII..) 


\Uvm\  31;  tlopMi  (>.  I>.  XXI-17;  A.  Ill,  15;  latoriil  Uiiu  liX>;  oyr  7  in 
liuu<l;  Hiiuiit:(;  roiirtli  tliiiHiil  H|iiuo:H  ;  loii^ttst  tlorHtil  my  :S| ;  lonj^tNt  iiii.il 
ruylU;  iMxtoriit  ly'i ;  vuutrnlH  I'A ;  iipiM'i-cuudal  IuImi  1  ,'-'„.  lUxlv  <^1imi^u(*' 
littlo  (■(iiiiproHHiMl,  t!i])oriii^  iiit<»  a  vrry  Nli-ii«lrr  Huticvlitiilrinil,  niiidul  pi- 
diiiiclu;  iiniiil  ratlior  liu')|^i-,  coiiit-.  Moiitli  ttuiiiiiiiil,  iiio«luriito,  th«>  lowci 
jaw  iiicltiilnl;  mtixilluiy  iiiirrow,  rtiarliiiin  to  lirlow  IViiiil  of  pupil;  tr<<tl< 
cartliroriii,  ill  iihxloriilo  IiuikIh  on  jaws,  V()iii<>i-,  and  iiulatJiii's;  iiitcrorliitui 
over  twice  us  broad  iih  <yc,  vt-ry  Nli>;htly  coiivrx ;  j^ill  lakciH  iiKKloratr, 
Hluiulcr,  ti-f-17;  IumuI  cntiroly  Hcaly;  liiis  nakiMl.  I  )(irsal.s  niiil  anal  hii;ii 
ost  ill  iVoiil  ;  origin  of  NpinuMs  tloiNal  bt'iiiinl  hano  nt'  poctoruis,  iniilwa.N 
betwocii  tip  of  Hiioiit  and  lirist  ray  of  Hoinud  tlorHul,  tliu  fourth  spim 
iii^litsHt,  tiio  spiiii-H  gradually  dcciuu.siiig  in  l<Mi;;tii  posttn'iorly ;  Hoft  doiNal 
HDparatt'd  from  H|)inonH  by  u  diHtiimo  *>i|nal  to  lt>ngtli  ol  pt-ctorai;  aiiiil 
Hiiiiilar  to  soft  dorsal;  ])rotoral  shar]dy  ruiiudod  bcliind,  rt'uchin;;;slijriit |v 
puat  tip  of  uiiul,  not  halfway  to  vunt;  vcntrals  rathor  short,  iimrrtiil 
slij^htly  bi'iiind  baso  of  puctorul,  not  rcatiilng  nearly  to  tips  of  pc(•toral^; 
caudal  forlitd.  Color  slaty  black  or  ^^rayisli,  soniuwhat  roticulatod;  wliiti 
below,  the  youiiK  rather  palo;  adult  nearly  black;  veutruls  and  anal 
colorless,  other  lins  dusky ;  caudal  edf^ed  with  pale;  lining;'  of  ojierch^  black. 
Usual  h'ujfth  IS  inches,  but  sonietinies  much  larger.  Mere  de8crib((d  from 
a  bpecimeii  II  inches  in  length  from  Monterey.  Monterej' to  IJnalaska: 
rather  eoninion,  especially  northward.  A  very  singular  and  interostiii- 
lish.  It  is  niroly  used  for  food  southward,  l)eing  rather  dry  and  tasteleiss. 
About  the  Straits  of  Fuca  it  betonies  very  fat  and  is  highly  appreciated. 
{Jimhrhi,  friugo.) 

(Inihiajimhrla,  Tallas,  /oogr.  KoBMo-AHlat.,  in,  200, 1811,  no  exact  locality fji veil;  prob.ililv 

Aleutian  Islands. 
.iiiiii>lo])<ima  iiwrlnnijuH,  AviiKS,  Troc.  Ciil.  Ac.  Sci.  1859,  27,  San  Francisco  market. 
Scoinbrocolfiii  .idliiioncun,  I'laKKs,  liorliii.  .MonatHber.  187'J,  509,  Vancouver  Island. 
Anoplojioma Jitnbria,  Jokda.n  \-  Uilueut,  Syuojihia,  050,  18«:i. 


697.  ERILEPIS,  (iill, 

Krilepin,  (lll-L,  Srieiict",  Jun.  26, 1K94,  54  (zoni/er). 

Myrtolcjiin,  Lockixo'I'o.n',  Proc  U.  S.  Nut.  Miih.  1880,  2-18  (zo;ii/(T)  j  iiuiuo  iiroocciiiiied  li.\ 
Mijnolepit,  KuEUTu.N,  18(54,  a  ;;enii.s  "f  IoskH  ||«1ic«. 

Hody  oblong,  somovvhiit  compressed.  Head  heavy.  Month  modenitc, 
the  lower.jaw  slightly  projoeting;  both. jaws  with  bands  of  sleiub'r,  sliurp 
teeth,  the  front  teeth  slightly  enl.iiged;  similar  teeth  on  vomer  and  ]»;il,i 
tines;  preoperc-le  entire;  no  (hu'mal  (laps.  Nostrils  2  on  e.ieli  side,  ('ill 
rakers  short;  gill  niembiiines  very  narrowly  Joiiie<l  to  the  istliimiM. 
.Scales  small,  ctenoid,  everywhere  covering  the  ho:id  and  liody  and  tli' 
soft  parts  «if  most  of  the  fins.  Lateral  line  single.  Dorsal  lin  deepl) 
omarginate,  the  spines  .iliout  15  in  number.  Anal  r.-ither  sJiort,  withoni 
distinct  spines.     {f-'fJi,  an  iuteusive  jiarticle;  Xenis,  scale.) 


IH 


/on/iin  (in(f  Evtrmann, — Fishes  of  Notlli  .  hiurint.      lsrt.T 


iipprociutetl, 


ii>.>r>(t.  KItll.KI'IM  /OMK^lIt  (l.iiikiiiKtiin). 

Iloiitl  i  in  total  IciiKtIi  willi  riiiuliil;  tU-pMi  Uji.     I>.  XIV-I,  !.'>;  A.  II,  ti; 

ih'i'ul  lino  i:tl),     lli'iiil  <>v«M'\  wlirri^  iIouhcIv  Hr:i|\ ,  tlio  onl,\  iiiikrd  ureas  mi 

ill'  hoad  l)riii;r  Mi(«  |i|)H  Duil  till-  riildNofthit  Kill  nuiiuliianfH.  ScuIch  on  liody 
iirgi-Ht  |iONtiu'i(*rly,  siiiall  on  \u\iu\  aiitl  olioHt.     Vttrticiil   (InH,  uxcu|it  the 

jiiniinH  doi'Hal,  cnvi-n-tl  ihmii'Iv  to  tlie  tlpHol'  the  lavs  witli  Hinall  HcaleH; 

\t«M'nal  smluroH  of  |taire(l  liiiH  Huiiiljirly  hcmIv;  H]iin<)ns  iIoi'shI  willi  a  few 
-I'iiluH.  I'ertoral  lii'oad,  lauei'o'ate,  not  resK  hin;:  tlut  \tnt;  loiirth  dorsal 
<|)incr  lon^eNt,  thu  oIIioi'h  diminishing  re^nlaiiy  to  tlie  twull'th.  Kyos  hit- 
ciai,  siiurlor  than  Minmt;  Interorldtal  Mpaco  broad,  sliv;litly  roiivex;  niax- 

llary  neiiily  reaeliiny  to  below  uiiddlu  ofitnpil;  teeih  MJund' r,  8har|i, 
ie(  iirved,  in  sev«'ral  rows  on  frout  of  Jaws,  in  a  winj^lu  row  at  Hides;  vomer 

Hid  palatines  with  lo'tb;  \^\\\  rakers  Hhoit;  ^ill  membrano'^  nnititd, 
attaehtid  to  isthmns  oxiept  at  posterior  niar;;in;  intcioibital  Hlinlitlv  vmw- 
t(<\;  puetoral  leaehin^  to  btdow  base  of  «du\  enth  dorsal  spine;  \tMitrais 
iiiHortod  a  iittlo  btdiind  peeloials.  MIa<-k  above,  whitisli  below,  with  I 
liroad  black  bars  on  the  sides,  the  lirst  over  the  pectorals,  the  Hoeond  ante- 
rior t«)  tho  vont,  almost  oneirclinf;  the  body,  the  third  near  tho  Itase  of  tln< 
iinal,  and  tho  fonrth  eucirelin)r  tlux-andal  pedntude;  a  black  bar  at  base  of 
lainlal  and  2  across  tlie  lin;  other  Tmih  blotched  and  l)ande(l  with  li^ht 
and  dark;  ctenoid  tijta  of  the  scales  white.  Length  a  foot.  Monterey 
Hay,  Calfornia;  1  Bpecimen  knctwn,  tho  above  acconnt  takou  from  the 
type,     {zona,  zone; /cro,  1  bo.-ir.) 

MyriolepU  zonl/er,  LocKiNOToN,  Proc  U.  S.  Nat.  >ru«.  1880, 248,  Monterey  (Coll.  W,  N. 
Lockingtoii) ;  JoiiDAN  it  <in.iii;Rr,  Synopsis,  (!l'.»,  \M'i. 

Family  CJI.XXVIII.   IIKXAOUA.MM  ID.K. 


iveii;  i>robnl(l.\ 


•ooci'iiiiii'd  li\ 


(TlIK    (J|{KKNIJN(iS.) 

Mody  elongate,  covered  with  small  scales,  which  are  ctenoid  or  cycloid; 
liead  conical.  Bcaly,  the  cranium  withont  spiiH)us  ridges  above;  preoi)erele 
iiHiially  more  or  less  armed,  sometimes  with  entire  odg«!8;  third  suborbital 
developed  as  a  bony  stay  articnlating  with  the  jireopercle;  month  large, 
with  acnto  teeth  in  the  jaws,  and  nsually  on  vomer  or  palatines;  nostril 
single  on  each  side,  the  jtosterior  opening  re«lnced  to  a  minnte  pore ;  gills  4, 
a  long  slit  behind  the  foiiith;  gill  membranes  se])arate  or  united,  usnally 
tree  from  tho  isthiiuis;  brancliiostegals  <J  or  7;  psendobrauchia-  well  devel- 
oped. Dorsal  lin  continnons  or  divided,  the  anterior  half  of  many  slender 
spinca;  anal  iin  long,  with  or  w  ithont  siiines;  ventrals  1,  5,  inserted  inor»> 
nr  less  behind  the  jtectorals ;  pectorals  liroad,  nsnally  w  ith  i)rocni'reut  base, 
ihe  lower  rays  simple,  more  or  loss  thickened;  lateral  line  piesont,  some- 
times several  series  of  pores  developed;  vertebra'  nnmerons;  pyloric  ca-ca. 
Cainivoroiis  lishes,  mostly  of  largo  si/e,  living  in  kelp  and  abont  rocks  in 
tho  North  Pacific;  sctmoof  them  highly  valned  as  food.  (JeneratJ,  2  of  them 
iDiind  only  in  .Japan.  The  1  sulifauiilies  are  each  very  strongly  marked, 
and  each  might  without  violence  bo  regarded  as  typo  of  a  distinct  family. 
(Trh/lidw  Jletirolcpidiiia,  tJiiuther,  Cat.,  ii,  90  to  95.) 


^T^V^.: 


w  \^  ^. 


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I 


1804 


Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


a.  DoFHul  iliiH  contiguous  or  connitctod. 

h.  Anal  tin  very  long,  its  riiys  20  or  more. 
c.  A  mil  fin  without  spines. 

IlEXAai(AM.MINi«: 

d.  Gill  uieniliranes  broadly  nnit4'J;  mouth  moderate,  the  jaws  with  an  outer 
series  of  stronger  teeth,  hut  no  cuiiines. 
e.  Lateral  lines'  4  or  more  on  etuili  side. 

/.  Dorsal  tin  continuous,  ur  slightly  eniarginate. 

I'LEUROOBAMMUS,  OOX. 

Sf.  Dorsal  tin  with  the  spin'v-s  soparalod  from  the  soft  rays  by  a  dec]) 
notch.  Uexaqrammos,  Wi. 

OrHIODO.NTINiE: 

dd.  Uill  membranes  not  connected;  mouth  large,  the  jaws  armed  with  stroii;: 
canines;  lateral  line  single  on  each  side ;  scales  cycloid ;  preopcrclc 
armed.  Oi'iiioDON,  700. 

cc.  Anal  tin  with  3  stout  spines. 

ZANIOI.EI'imN.K : 

(J.  Gill  uuMubrauos  scarcely  united;  spinous  dorsal  greatly  elevated  in  front ; 
scales  very  rough.  Zaniolepis,  701. 

OXYLKBIIN^: : 

(jij.  Gill  menibraues  broadly  uuited  j  dorsal  spines  low,  Btift'j  head  pointed. 

OXYLEBIUB,  701'. 

698.  PLEUROGRAMMUS,  Gill. 


(Atka  Fishe.s.) 

Pleurogrammus,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1861, 166  {mcnopterygxtit). 

This  genus  differs  from  IT exagr aminos  mainly  in  the  character  of  the 
dorsiil  iins,  the  Jiigh  spines  being  continuous  with  the  soft  rays.  Scales 
ctenoid.  Lateral  lines  5  on  euch  side.  The  single  species  known  is  highly 
A'alued  as  a  food-lish,  its  Uosh  being  rich  and  tender.  (TfAeC/ao*',  side; 
yijaf.ii.nff,  line.) 

2257.  PLKUItO<atANMI!S  NONOPTERYCaUS  (Pallas). 

(Atka-fish.)  t 

Head  4  in  length  of  body;  depth  4;  D.  XXI,  25;  A.  24;  lateral  line  210, 
pores  143;  eye  5  in  head;  maxillary  2% ;  snout  3^;  iuterorbital  3J^;  highest 
dorsal  spine  If;  highest  anal  ray  2^  ;  pectorals  1^;  ventialslf ;  eaiulal  lobe 
li;  gill  rakers  6  +  22.  Body  rtither  stout,  little  eomi)res8ed;  head  not 
large,  the  profile  rather  steep;  mouth  moderate,  below  the  axis;  maxilliir.\ 
extending  to  below  anterior  edge  of  pupil;  jaws  8ubequal,the  teeth  cardi 
form,  in  rather  broad  bands  on  front  of  jaws,  the  outer  series  sliglitly 
enlarged,  a  single  row  oa  sides;  teeth  on  vomer  and  a  few  asperites  uii 
jialatines;  interorbital  wide  and  evenly  convex.  Scales  small,  ctenoid; 
top  of  head  to  just  in  front  of  nostrils  scaled;  cheeks  and  opercles  witli 
scales;  tip  of  siiout,  preorbital,  suborbital  stay,  maxillaries,  mandible,  and 
a  space  around  edge  of  preopercle  naked;  scales  running  up  the  base  of 

*  Lateral  line  single  in  the  Japanese  genus,  Agrammua. 

t  Commercially  known  as  "Atka  mackerel."    It  is,  however,  not  a  mackerel,  nor  lia.s  ii 
any  resemblance  to  one. 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmann . — Fishes  of  North  America.      18G5 


jiuftoiiils  iiud  caudal,  fins  otherwise  iiaivi'il.  I'ivo  lateral  lines;  the  first 
lullowiiig  the  curve  of  the  I)ac1{,  riinniu^  iVoui  nape  to  iipiier  edgts  of  caudal 
iin,  joiniug  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side  in  front  of  dorsal  hut  not  con- 
I  iintiuued  forward,  its  distance  hclow  dorsal  liu  anteriorly  erpuil  to  \  eye; 
I  Ik;  second  runniug  Ironi  upper  part  of  ^iil  opening  to  middle  of  cantlal 
liii;  the  third  running  from  a  point  ou  sidr,  on  level  with  lower  edge  of 
|ifctoral  and  hetween  tips  of  pectoral  and  ventral,  to  the  hcgiuning  of 
posterior  fourth  of  anal  base;  the  fourth  from  gill  opening  running  Just 
iibove  base  of  ventrals  to  a  short  distance  beyond  their  tips;  the  lifth 
numing  above  base  of  anal  to  lower  ])art  of  caudal,  anteriorly  undulating 
oil  belly  and  Joiniug  its  fellow  of  the  opjMJsito  side.  Just  behind  bate  cf 
ventrals,  and  continuing  forward  simply  between  ventrals  to  throat. 
Ciigiu  of  spinous  dorsal  above  n]»per  erd  of  gill  slit  continuous  with 
soft  dorsal,  no  notch  between  them;  first  anal  ray  a  little  nearer  base  of 
ciiiidal  than  posterior  orbital  rim,  coterminous  with  soft  ilorsal;  pectorals 
III oad  and  short,  evenly  rounded  behind,  reac'.iing  to  below  tlui  base  of  the 
fourteenth  dorsal  spine;  ventrals  inserted  behind  pectorals  a  distance 
equal  to  length  of  snout,  their  tips  reaching  Just  past  tips  of  i»ectorals,  or 
f  distance  to  vent;  caiulal  forked,  the  lobes  about  ei|ual.  (Jround  color 
ill  life,  of  male  18  inches  long,  pale  dirty  yellowish;  head  mottled  with 
darker;  anterior  part  of  body  with  a  few  large  black  blotches;  side 
crossed  bj  5  black  cross  ba'd,  tht  first,  which  is  narrower  and  less  distinct 
lliau  the  others,  extenuing  from  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  (lorsal  spines 
(lowuwiird  to  below  middle  of  pectoral  fin;  the  second,  \  inch  wide, 
extends  from  the  eighteenth  to  twentieth  dorsal  spines  downward,  its 
lower  end  lying  under  the  pectoral,  its  posterior  edge  flush  witli  the  tip 
ot  that  fin;  the  third  lies  al)out  .1  inch  farther  back  and  is  about  ^_  inch 
wide,  its  upper  part  indistinct  and  it  does  not  extend  so  low  ou  belly  as 
the  second;  fourth  bar  very  broad  (1^  to  2  inches),  broken  and  irregular 
at  top  but  blackest  and  widest  at  the  bottom,  where  it  stretc  lies  from  the 
sixth  to  the  sixteenth  anal  ray;  the  fifth  and  last  bar  (li  inches  wide) 
lies  between  the  last  5  dorsal  and  the  last  9  anal  rays;  above,  this  bar 
extends  over  the  caudal  peduncle  and  back  almost  to  the  caudal  fin;  all 
these  black  bars  are  continued  upon  the  dorsal  fin,  the  fourth  and  fifth 
most  plainly;  rest  of  dorsal  tin  pale  yellowish,  the  margin  with  a  very 
murovv  black  border  throughout  its  entire  length,  darkest  posteriorly; 
pectoral  reddish  at  base  and  above,  black  below  and  at  tip;  veutrals 
black,  reddish  at  base;  anal  black  throughout;  caudal  reddish;  lower 
parts  white.  Another  specimen  of  same  size  had  the  following  colors : 
(iiound  color  pale  chrome  yellow,  area  above  second  lateral  line  somewhat 
(iiisky;  bright  chrome  yellow  below  second  lateral  line;  vortical  bars  not 
s(>  (lark  a>i  in  the  other  specimen  <lescribed ;  dorsal  fin  uniform  light  orange, 
with  a  very  narrow  black  border  beginning  ou  the  membrane  between 
the  lifth  and  sixth  spines  and  continuing  to  i)osterior  end  of  fin ;  pectoral 
clouded  orange  or  amber  above,  black  below  tenth  ray,  paler  at  base; 
axil  pale  yellow;  anal  black,  a  little  lemon  at  base  in  front  and  between 
lirteenth  and  eighteenth  rays;  veutrals  black,  yellow  at  base;  caudal 
light  orange;  branchiostegal  membranes  white  aiul  pale  lemon,  a  little 
3030 40 


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18CC         niilldin  47,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 


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u 


H 


<liiHky  on  ontor  piirts.  BohmIob  these  2  patterns  of  coloration,  of  wliicli 
tbe  tii'Ht  is  the  more  conimoii,  some  individuals  are  dirly  gray  with  Mh' 
l>ar.s  not  well  delinud.  North  Paritic;  abundant  about  certain  of  tlic 
Alentiiiu  Islunds,  particularly  Atka  and  Attu,ruthor  rare  at  Unalaaku  aini 
about  the  I'ribilof  TslandH,  but  erratic  in  its  movements,  r!inp;ing  east  t<i 
Helkofski ;  found  in  the  kel)»  in  '^  to  40  fathoms  in  spring  and  early  suMimcr, 
when  it  can  bo  readily  caugh*/  by  jigging.  It  reaches  a  length  of  18  inches 
or  more  and  a  weight  of  'S  to  4  pounds.  A  most  beautiful  fish  of  oxccUoni 
food  <|Uulitios,  especially  excellent  when  salted;  destined  to  beccune  nf 
commercial  im])ortanco.  Here  descrilicd  from  numerous  specimens  talvcn 
at  Attu  Island,  May  28, 1892  (Coll.  Evermanuj.  {jnoyu^,  one;  ure/jvyioi  , 
fin.) 
Labrax  monoptenjgivs,  Pallas,  Mem.   Aond.   Sci.   Potorsb.,  ii,  ilUl,  pi.  23,  lig.  1,  inm, 

Unalaska;  Pau.as,  /oogr.  KoHso-AHiat.,  ni,28t,  1811. 
Cliirus  nionuptfri/ijlu*,  OCinther,  Out.,  u,  !)2,  1800. 

Ilexa(intmm\t»miiHi)j)ter\iijiuii,  Jordan  &.  (iii.iiKH'i.  Syiutps's, 042,  1883. 
rieurvjrammiti  monoi>tenj(]ius,  Tukneh,  Coutr.  Kat.  Iliat.  Alaska,  n,  DO,  188C. 

699.  HEXAGRAMMOS  (Stellei )  Tilesius. 
(KocK  Tuout;  OniCENUNiis.) 

Dodeeagrammos,  Steli.ku,  m  Kraiheiiiiiiiikol',  Keine  in  Kamcliatka,  175,  1750  (noiibino- 

luial). 
Jlexagrammos,  Stelleh  MS. 

Hexagrammos,  Tii.Esius,  .\ct.  Acad.  Petrop.,  n.  335,  1809  (utper). 
Labrax  (Stellek  MS.)  Pai.las,  M<jni.  Acml.  Petersb.,  n,  382,  1810  (lagocephalus). 
/yc6ti/»(STELLEii  M.S.)  Pallas,  Zoographia  Uo.sso-Asiat.,  in,  279,  1811  {.  nperciliosiit). 
Chiru8  (Stellkk  MS.)  Pallas,  ZoograjiUia  Ko.s8o-A8mt.,  in,  279,  1811  {tuperciliositv). 
ChiruB,  CuviEU,  Regno  Anim.,  Ed.  n,  vol.  2,  249, 1829  {svpereUicsus) . 
Chirupnis,  GiKAKD,  U.S.  Pac.  R.  R.  Surv.,  x,  FisheH,  42,  Id.'iS  {constellatiis). 
Oetogrammtis,  Uleekeu,  V'orsl.  Ak.  Amat.,  vi,  1370,1874  (octogrummun). 
GrammatopleuruK,  (Jn^L,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliil.  1801,  166  (lagocephalt^t). 
Acantholebitn,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbil.  18C1, 166  (nebulosus;  specimen  witli  tlic  suit 

dursal  in^jiired,  tbe  number  of  spines  apparently  increased). 

Body  oblong,  somewhat  compressed.  Head  subconical,  blunt  in  prolile. 
Mouth  rather  small,  horizontal;  jaws  with  bands  of  motlerate  sized,  cdiii- 
cal  teeth,  the  outer  row  enlarged;  teeth  on  vomer,  and  usually  but  not 
always,  a  aniall  patcli  on  the  palatines;  preopercle  unarmed;  a  friii;;e(l 
supraorbital  cirrus,  large  or  small;  gill  membranes  broadly  connected, 
free  from  the  isthmus;  gill  rakers  short,  tubercle-like.  Scales  sni;ill, 
mostly  ctenoid,  sometimes  partly  or  wholly  cycloid;  head  more  or  l^s 
scaly,  without  spines;  nostril  simple,  round,  with  a  pore  behind  it. 
Lateral  lines  usually  5  on  each  side.  Dorsal  fiu  long,  with  a  deep  eiiiar- 
gination  between  the  spines  and  the  .soft  rays;  dorsal  spines  sleiidtr, 
19  to  22  in  number;  anal  fin  elongate,  with  a  single  rudimentary  .*<pine; 
rays  of  pectorals  and  anal  exserted  and  almost  simple;  pectoral  rounded, 
with  broad,  procurrent  base,  the  rays  thick;  vcntrals  well  develdjxd. 
placed  at  a  considerable  distance  behind  the  root  of  the  ]>ectorals; 
caudal  subtruncate.    Branchiostegals  6.    Pyloric  ciuca  numerous  (about 


hf"'!. 


•  iX:,,;.-. 


Jordan  and  F.vcrniann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      18G7 


750  (noiibiiKi- 


Iwitli  the  suit 


\\\).  No  air  bliuMer.  Specica  of  riitbcr  lurji*^  si/o  iiud  bright  coloration; 
aliiimlant  in  thoNorlli  I'acitic  on  hotli  shorcn,  extcndiiijj  southward  Ironi 
liorlug  Soa.     (f|,  six  ;  ypann)),  lino.) 

(t.  ('lii)okH  iiihI  operchis  t'lilly  iiivcHtoil  wllli  cycloid  Kcalcs,  incliu'iii;;  (ircii  ovcrlyiiiy; 

Hul)()rbitul  Htiiv.     Twu  imirH  of    iitniicoiiH  tliijis  uii  IicmiI. 

DEC'AlillAMMrs,  2*J5«. 

a((.  Chttoka  not  fully  scaled,  at  least  tlio  arcii  over  niiborbital  stay  iiiiki;<l.    No  flap  on 
()c<^i|iiit. 
b.  Fourth  lino  of  porcH  forking  i-i  ndvanco  of  hitnK  of  vcntra'.H,  tlio  lower  lirancli 
running  to  base  of  anal  fin.  (icnxiKAMMrH,  2259. 

hb.  Fc'irtb  line  of  pores  siniplt    passing  close  to  ventral  tin. 

c.  {IbeeUs  and  oporcles  largely  naked,  a  i)ateh  of  scales  on  upper  portions 
of  cbet^k  and  oporcles,  and  a  small  i)Mtcli  sometimes  |iresenl  on  niid- 
dlo  of  cheek.  s  l  IXl.KKl,  22G0. 

ec.  (Mieeks  and  operdos  largely  scaled,  tlio  siiliocular  ring,  the  region  over- 
lying the  suborbital  stay,  and  th(<  inloropercin  alone  naked. 
(/.  Supraorbital  (lap  long  and  slender,  densc^ly  fringed,  its  length  about 
equal  to  tlie  vertical  diameter  of  orbit;  scales  largely  smooth 
posteriorly  in  tlio  adult.  sii'KRcii.io.xt  8,  2201. 

dd.  Supraorbital  flap  small,  little  if  at  alllonger  than  diameter  of  pupil. 
e.  Caudal  very  broad,  the  posterior  margin  convex  even  in  tin; 
closed  fln;  scales  smooth  in  adult.  l.Aiiucioi'iiALi'S,  2"C2. 
ce.  Caudal  narrower  than  in  //.  layoa'phnliis,  the  jxisterior  edge 
emarginate  vlien  fln  is  closed.  .Scales  smaller  than  in 
any  other  speviea,  thuso  ou  sides  of  head  and  br)>ast 
minute,  nearly  uniform,  less  than  \  the  sixo  of  those  ou 
sides  of  body ;  11  or  12  scales  in  an  obliciue  series  between 
second  and  third  lines;  scabs  on  mid-ventral  region 
breast,  prepectoral  area,  and  sides  of  head,  smooth,  all 
others  strongly  ctenoid  throughout  life;  tirst  lateral  lino 
extending  beyond  middle  of  second  dorsal;  fourth  line 
short,  not  reaching  t'ps  of  ventrals;  littli  lino  forking 
behind  middle  of  ventrals.  Kye  large,  4i  in  head. 
Supraorbital  tentacle  very  small.  Anterior  teeth  in  Jaws 
much  enlai-g«'d,  eani-ie-like.  Palatines  toothless.  Fin 
membranes  thin.  Do  sal  low,  less  deeply  notched  than 
usual.  Color  brown,  blotched  and  barred  with  darker, 
many  of  the  scales  »'acli  with  a  silvery  spot;  no  radiating 
streaks  about  eye;  black  blotches  ou  dcrsal  tin  corre- 
sponding to  a  similar  number  on  ba(;k  along  base  of  dor- 
sal. 1).  XX,  23;  A.  21.  Size  small.  Known  only  from 
Japan.  ii.  otakh.* 


•2>2o8.  HKXAtiUAMMOS  DRCUaUNMUS  (Pallas). 


(UOCK  TROUT;   BOUEOAT;   BODIKKON.) 

Head  II, ;  depth  4.  D.  XXI,  2i;  A.  I,  23;  scahs  112.  Hody  elevated  at 
tlie  shoulders,  uescendinji  rather  steeply  at  the  nape ;  maxillary  not  reach- 
iui;  middle  of  eye;  a  very  few  teeth  on  front  of  palatines;  supraocular 
Ha]!  smaller  than  in  other  species,  shorter  than  pupil.  Cheeks  and  opercles 
entirely  scaled ;  scales  on  the  body  all  strongly  ctenoid.  Snout,  jaws,  pre- 
orbital,  interoperclo,  and  adjacent  portion  of  preopercle  scaleless;  breast 


'  llexagrammtii  otnkii,  Jobdan  &  Stabks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  800,  Yokohama. 
(Coll.  Koinosuke  Otaki.) 


mBS^'^FW 


if. 


:At 


IV 

Is 

I    1 


1! 


a 


•1 


I? 


E    s«^ 


18(58  liiillctin  //,  ^  '////<(/  States  National  Museum, 

uiul  proimctoral  aicii  wiMi  cycloitl  scilcs,  imicli  less  tbiui  A  tlic  si/c  oi 
tl<()H*>  on  siileH;  snileH  MlHowlu-rr  rtniDiil;  10  or  11  hcmIch  in  an  (dtliiim 
Heries  luitwci'ii  lateral  lino  and  tho  ono  above  it;  nppornioft  lat«!ral  lini 
lorkinj;  <»u  th«  uajje,  tlie  l)ranclH'8  fuiininjj;  tn  oitpusitc  tli«  niiddlo  of  tin: 
second  dorsal;  the  second  lateral  lino  to  npjter  edyo  of  tail;  the  tliirtl  lo 
middle  ot  tail;  the  nnbrancliod  fourth  to  a  little  heyond  the  middle  di 
anal;  the  fifth  lo  lower  ed^^e  of  tail;  the  fourth  hejiinning  near  the  lowi  r 
odgo  of  the  jieetorals  and  undulatinj;' opjtosite  the  ventrals,  the  lowerniusi 
on  each  side  Joining  just  in  fntnt  of  the  vent,  and  proci'edin<;'  on  the 
median  line  to  the  middle  of  the  breast.  Pectorals  and  ventrals  lar^ic; 
caudal  sliH;htly  oniar^inute;  membranes  of  soft  dorsal  and  caudal  dense]  v 
scaled  for  more  than  A  heij^bt  of  fin.  Two  pairs  of  cutaneous  (laps  (ui 
head,  \\\i'  usual  supraocular  pair,  less  than  .^  diameter  of  pupil,  and  ,i 
much  snuiller  occipital  j)air  which  is  present  in  noother  B|)ccies;  dors.il 
hijib,  deeply  notched;  caudal  emarj^iuate  when  dosed,  slij^htly  convex 
Avbeii  widely  spread.  Adults  briuhtly  ccdored,  the  males  with  larye  sky- 
idue  spots,  the  females  with  smaller  red  or  orauf^e  spots.  Young  sometimes 
plain  brown,  Avith  dark  ])lain  humeral  spot.  Males  clear  l>rownish  olive 
of  varying  shade,  often  tinged  with  bluish  or  cop]>ery  and  vaguely  Idotebcil. 
often  with  small  blue  sjtots;  head  and  anterior  part  of  body  with  ratliii 
large  sky-blue  spots,  each  surrounded  by  a  rusty  ring,  tliese  smaller  and 
more  numerous  on  the  top  of  the  head;  lips  with  bluish  spots;  upper  lius 
brown,  mottled;  ventrals  and  anal  dusky  bluish;  i)eetoraiS  dark,  boili 
rays  and  membranes  crossed  liy  sharply  defined  whitish  reticulations,  si. 
that  the  iins  appear  to  be  profusely  spotted  Avith  white.  Females  brownish, 
someAvhat  tinged  with  reddish,  closely  covered  Avilh  round  spots  of  a  nil 
dish  brown;  these  siH)t8  usually  quite  small  and  unif(uin  over  the  ^vlioi,. 
back  and  sides;  dorsal  lin  spotted  on  the  scalj'  part,  the  tins  otherwise 
plain  reddish  or  bluish,  tlio  ventrals  usually  dusky ;  pectorals  light  oraii^v, 
Avithontmarkiugs.  Other  females  ("wi«CH?os«T(a/H.s'"')  have  the  ground  cnloi 
slaty  blue,  Avith  roAvs  of  ro\iud  orange  si)ots considerably  larger  than  usual. 
and  becoming  A'ermieulat ions  on  the  head;  dorsal  Jin  orange,  clouded  at 
base  Avith  blue;  soft  dorsal  edged  Avith  bluish:  pectorals  plain  oranue: 
belly  Avhite.  These  vary  into  the  ordinary  (ype.  Both  types  Avere  found  in 
abundance  ut  Sitka,.  Length  18  inches.  North  I'acilic;  abundant  Irom 
Point  Concepcion  to  Kadiak  Island,  Alaska;  esi)ecially  about  San  Fran- 
cisco, a  common  food-lish;  tht;  sexes  very  unlike,  the  fenuilea  varying  nun  li 
iu  color;  the  males  very  uniform.     (St^a,  ten;  yfiani.ii},  line.) 

Lahrax  dceagramvius,  Pallas,  Mom.  Ac.  I'eter8b.,  n,  380,  pi.  22,  tig.  2,  foniale,  ISlii,  St. 

Elias  Bay  (Coll.  Joseph  BilliiigH) ;  Pallas,  Zoogr.  Itosso-Asiat.,  hi,  278,  1811. 
Chinm  (juttatus,  Gujahd,  Proc.  Ac.  Xat.  Sci.  Phila.  1854,  132,  female,  San  Francisco. 

(Typos,  No8.  269,  270.    Coll.  Dr.  Uecruiaun,  aud  Lieut.  Trowbridge;  No.  271,  Astoria, 

Oregon.    Coll.  Lieut.  Trowbridge). 
Gryttex  lineatus,  Ayues,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.,  i,  1854,  9,  San  Francisco.    (Coll.  W.  n. 

Ay  res.) 
Chiropsis  constellatus,  GntABi),  U.  .S.  Pac.  R.  It.  Surv.,  X,  Fish.,  42, 1858,  male,  San  Francisco. 

(Types,  Nos.  263,  264,  205,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.    Coll.  l)r.  Keuuedy,  Ur.  llecrmanu,  and  Lieut 

TroAvbrldgc.) 
Chinai  viaculoseriatim,  Lockinoton,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.,  1880,  55,  San  Francisco,  t'fuiali" 

with  large  spote.    (Coil.  Lookiugtou.) 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1S({'.) 


;isco,  IVuiali' 


r  iiioimixuultatiis,  (liUAiii),  l'.  S.  Piie.  U,  K.  Siirv.,  x.  Kish..  I»,  I85P, 

(  !  ii-ux  ili'faijramiini»,  (il'NTiii'.u,  (Jut.,  II,  02,  \>^W. 

(    hiis  c.oniilell(itu.i,  (ilNTIIKlt,  ('at.,  II,  !»2,  IHflO. 

!!■  xaijraminitu  decagrammus,  Jordan  &  (iiLiiKUT,  SvuojihIh,  045,  1883. 

■.>'.>.'><>.  IIK\A(iltANMOS  OrrOiJItAM^rs  (IVillils). 
(Alaska  (iitEENKisii.) 

I).  XIX,  2R;   A.  21;    I',   lil.     Kody  liiiMM'nliito;   licail  conic.  comiMTwsod ; 
•.noiitohtiiHc.  tho  iippcrjaw  \\w  loiij^er;  «j.vas  liir<;c  ;  <;ill  nmiiihriiiic  notduMl; 
ilio  vertex  iind  oporcleH  liiiely  Hciily;  scuIoh  <m  l.odv  iimdiTiitc,  vmy  luiiy;!! 
ii>  in   llrxotiramiiioH  xleUcri.     Horsiil  subcontimu»iiH.     Liiteral  lines   I,  tlio 
tiist,  iind  second  iilonjj  the  back  ])anillel   with   the  nudiim   later.-il   line 
Irnin   lieiid;    the   lir.st  chain-like;    tiie  sucoinl    consjticnoiis,  disa|)peiii'iii^ 
ii(';ir  end  of  soft  dorsal;  the  third  from  };ill  opening  ondin<r  opptmite  the 
iiiiildlo  ol' caudal  tin;  tlm  other  from  throat  to  candal  .joinin;;  its  t'ellow  of 
tiic  opposite  side  and  running  simple  forward  to  throat.     Hody  yellow- 
ish l)eh)W,  above  and  on   dorsal  with  many  dark  spots;  back  snbcdiva- 
ci'ons;  (irst  dorsal  reddish,  second  with  dark  spots;  pectoral  translucent; 
vciitrals  tipped  with  black.      Found  around  Kamchatka  in   the   Bay  of 
Avatcha,   and   the   port  of  St.  Teter  and   I'anl,   and   not   less   abundant 
around   the   Aleutian    Islands;   called    'Drpiiyh  (file)  on  a«'connt   of  the 
loiijjfliness  of  its  scales;  called  in  Aleutian  Idfi  ijok.    Collected  by  D.  Merk. 
(Pallas.)      I>r.  Gilbert  has  tln^  followin<j  notes  on  tins  si)ecies:    "This 
species  is  closely  related  to  //.  alelhri,  ditl'eriiij;  conspicuously  in  shajte, 
ciilor,  and  fin  formula'.     //.  utelteri  is  very  slender  in  shajte,  tapering  rap- 
idly from  bidow   fr(mt  of  sjiinous  dors.'il  backward  to  the  very  sleixler 
cniidal  peduncle.     In  If.  oclofiratiimHn  the  depth  is  {jreater  and  diminishes 
very  slowly  backward,  the  body  taperinj;  {gradually  into  a  high  eom- 
l»rcssed  caudal  peduncle.     The  vertical   height  of  tlie  latter  equals  dis- 
tance from  the  tip  of  snout  to  the  middle  or  beyond  middle  of  eye  in  IF. 
ml )iirammii>i,  while  the  same  measurement  is  less  than  length  of  snout  in 
//.  slalleri.    .In   //.  octogtammnH  the  snont   is  sliorter  and   nu)ro   bluntly 
rounded,  the  eye  is  smaller,  the  month  smaller,  and  the  check  shorter  and 
wilier.     The  squaniation  is  also  more  complete,  the  cheek  being  entirely 
invested,  except  for  the  area  immediately  overlying  the  suborbital  stay. 
((iiibert.)     The  following  notes  ar»'  taken  from  specimens  recently  col- 
Icrted:    Fourth  line  of  p<»res  forking  in  advance  of  base  of  ventrals,  the 
lower  branch  running  to  base  of  anal  fin,  where  it  ends,  the  upper  branch 
usually  short,  ending  opjxtsite  middle  of  ventrals,  rarely  longer.     Second 
lino  reaching   middh^   of  st^cond  dorsal.     Scales  very  roughly   ctenoid, 
except  on  breast,  prcpectoral  region,  and  sides  of  head;  7  or  S  scales  in 
nil  <>bli(|ue  series  between  median  lateral  line  and  the  one  above  it.    Lower 
line  forked  in  front  of  middle  of  ventral  fin.    Caudal  densely  covered  with 
comparatively  large  scales  to  behind  middle  of  l:u,  the  scales  in  single 
scriof  except  on  middle  rays.     Supraorbital  llaj)  large,  coarsely  fringed, 
c(|iialing  or  exceeding  vortical  diameter  of  eye.     Eye  very  small,  Tyl  in 
licad  in  adults,     ('aiidal  peduncde  deep,  its  depth  greater  than  length  of 
snout;  the  caudal  lin  very  broad,  rounded  behind,  even  when,  the  fin  is 
closed.    Dorsals  deeply  nftehed.    Adults  usually  deep  browu^  with  black- 


.;i  ,  I, 


1870  nulldiu  ,/7,  United  Sfatcs  National  Museum, 


m 


ift  '^ 


Wx    \ 


If    • 


IhIi  mottlinfjH  ami  iiioro  or  Iohh  (listinct  traccH  of  rndinting  Htronks  around 
tlic  ryo,  and  a  round,  diiHky,  liuiiioral  Hpot.  Yoniifjer  individuals  iiiv 
nt'tt-n  liglifcer,  roseuiblinj;  //.  ateUeri,  witli  sniall  silvery  wpots  on  sidt'H,  nml 
reddiHli  finH,  oftm  Hhowiug  very  conHjiicuonHly  tin?  7  V-shaped  or  <|uatl 
riitn  Macklsh  Mutclies  at  base  of  dorsal  fin,  and  5  black  r.  dii  diverginj; 
from  eye.  The  anal  (in  is  nsually  black  in  adults,  but  often  shows  obli(|iii 
cross  biinds  in  the  young.  This  species  as  now  tinderstood  is  found  anion.; 
th(t  Aleutian  Islands  and  westward  to  Kiinichatka.  It  is  abundant  about 
Unalaska  and  was  obtained  by  Dr.  Stejnegor  at  I'etropaulski.  The  com 
nionost  shore  fonn  *  of  the  genus  in  Uering  Sea.  Si)eciniens  were  taUcn 
iit  Tnalaska,  Tctropanlski,  Itobben  Island,  and  Iturnp  Island,  (own.', 
eight;  ;'p(r;////A  lino.) 

Lrthrax  (ictofiramvius.  1'AI.I..»8,  Zoogr.  ]{oaflo-AHiaf.,  ui,  'J8;t,    1811,    Kamchatka,  Petro- 

paulski  mill  Avatcha  Bay.    (Coll.  ^Icrk.) 
(^hinis  onliii(ilv».\  Con;,  I'roc.  Amor,  riiilos.  Soc.  I'lilla.  187:1,  28,  Unalaska.     (Coll.  rinf 

(lOo.  Dnvi(lBoii). 
nptorirammvs  pallasi,  Hi.rkkkr,  Voral.  Ak.  Ani8t.,vi,  1370;  after  Pallas. 
Cliinis  octogramiiiv*.  {iiNTiiEii,  Cut.,  n,  02,  1800. 
Hexagiammiia  oidinatut,  Jordan  &  (tU.UBi<T,  S.vno]>.si8  G42,  1883. 


*  Tills  specioahns  bocii  currently  known  ns  //.  ordinatvs.  AVe  make  tlio  itlontiticiitioii  with 
octojiranimuii  for  tlin  foUuwiiig  roiiMons;  («)  It  occurs  abnnilantly  at  the  type  locality  Inr 
oeto'i)rammus,  and  so  closely  resenildes  //.  asper  as  to  often  ri'<|iiirc  close  scrutiDy  to  i-fpn- 
rate  the  two  simcies.  Acu'ording  to  I'allas,  oetogrammv*  and  asper  axe  not  conHidficil 
distinct  by  the  natives,  and  weie  even  confounded  hy  StcUcr.  (h)  Octogravimii*  in  s.iid 
to  he  ahiii'idant  tliroiiifhoiit  the  Kiiinchalkan  region  and  the  Aleutian  Islands.  Yet  ii  ikiI 
ordinatus  it  \aiioi  to  he  identilled  with  any  knowu  spocicb,  and  must  havi*  escaped  tin' 
notice  of  all  recent  collectors,  (c)  (Moi/rpmrnvs  is  described  as  having  19  dorsal  s|iiiiis 
and  24  anal  rays.  This  is  the  usual  ''oriiiiila  for  ordinatus,  while  no  other  8i»t'cie>  is 
known  to  have  as  few  as  19  spines.  The  only  important  element  in  the  descnption  ol 
octogra tinmis  y^hich  fails  to  apply  to  ordinatus  is  the  H(|iiamation  of  the  checks.  Oiio 
(irammvn  is  said  to  have  the  siibocular  laniella  niiniuely  scaled,  while  in  all  sjici  ns 
except  //.(fecai/rai<nfn<,«  the  suborbital  ring,  as  well  as  the  suborbital  stay,  is  sciiirlcsH. 
Tlic  iiresent  species  shows  some  variation  in  the  squaniation  of  the  operdes.  The  lower 
]tortion  of  subo]ierclo  is  usually  naked  in  our  s]i')ciniens,  but  is  iu  some  of  them  ciuii' 
■[•letely  scaled.  There  may  be  exceptionally  a  few  scales  on  adjacent  edge  of  interopuriK', 
iVe  append  tin  counts  iu  11  specimens : 


V 


Ii  ;i 


?!:  j  ^t. 


1). 

A. 

r. 

Locality. 

XIX,  22 

23 

18 

Shana  Uav,  Itiirup  Island. 

!       XIX,  2;» 

24 

19 

Do. 

XIX,  23 

24 

10 

Do. 

XIX,  23 

24 

10 

Do. 

XIX,  23 

24 

20 

Do. 

XIX,  23 

25 

10 

Do. 

XX,  22 

24 

10 

Do. 

XX,  23 

24 

10 

Do. 

XIX,  23 

24 

18 

Petropaiilski. 

XIX,  24 

24 

18 

Do. 

XIX,  24 

24 

19 

Do. 

XIX,  24 

25 

18 

Do. 

XX,  23 

23 

18 

Do. 

XX,  23 

23 

20 

Do. 

f  The  following  is  the  substance  of  Cope's  doscrlption  of  O.  ordinatus: 

iload4^;  deptli4:   eye  5  in  head,  1^  in  snout,  1}  iu  intc.rorbital  space;  D.  XIX,  24:  A 

26,  C  17;  P.  18;  scales  13-04-34;  brancliio.stegals  6.    Dorsal  tins  not  very  elevated,  cmi- 

tinuous,  but  well  notched  at  point  of  union  of  the  two;  a  dentate  Hap  above  each  eve; 

lateral  lines  of  pores  5,  only  3  of  which  extend  to  the  basis  of  the  caudal  tin,  vi/..  Ilie 


Jordan  and  /Cvcunann. — Fishes  of  Not! h  Anurica.      1871 


i'lm.  lli;XA<a(AMM(»H  STKLLKKI,  TiluHiuH. 

((■KKKNMNd.) 

lUnul  lljj;  .lopfch  Ij^.  1).  X,\III  (XXII  to  XXV),  19  to  21;  A.  23  or  24; 
scaloH  110.  Form  riithor  Hl»ii<li;r.  Maxillary  ruurhin^  past  front  of  cyo, 
iiliout  t<»  i>iipil.  No  te<tlj  oil  itiilatiufH.  Siah-H  all  stroii^jly  rt(!iioi<l,  cxropt 
I'll  Hi<li!H  of  liua<l ;  clicokH  ami  opcrrluH  largely  iiaU*'<l,  a  pati-li  of  hi-u1<'h  on 
iipp«!r  portioiiH  of  cliook  and  oporcluH,  aii<l  a  small  patcii  Honictinu's  prcH- 
<  lit  on  mitldlo  of  idicok.  First  and  fniirlii  latural  Hiiuh  very  short,  varia- 
lilt),  the  fii'Ht  randy  rxtondiiifr  boyoiid  mitldht  of  spinous  dorsal,  tlH>  fourth 
In  iiiiddlo  of  voiitrals,  rarely  hoyond;  lower  lino  forked  in  front  of  niid- 
(lloof  vontrals.  Caudal  I'm  narrow,  eiiiarj^inato  when  closed,  loss  densely 
scaled  than  in  other  speeies,  the  Heales  larji[e,  in  single  series;  (Mimmonly  it 
SI  ales  in  nuohliqneHerics  hetween  median  line  and  the  ono  ahttve  it;  seales 
on  HideH  of  head,  breast,  and  propcctoral  area  Hinootli,  elsewhere  stroiifirly 
ilenoid.  Dorsal  fins  l(^ss  deeply  notched;  caudal  podnncle  narrow,  the 
ili'pth  less  than  leii;;th  of  snout.  Hnpraoeiilar  llap  Rinall,  shorter  than 
iliameter  of  pupil.  Color  in  varying  shades  of  gray  and  brown  or  light 
nddish,  blotclied,  marbled,  or  barred  withdn.^ky,  and  nsnally  with  numer- 
ous round  silvery  spots  nearly  as  large  as  pupil.  In  brightly  marked  speei- 
iiK^ns  there  is  a  series  of  (inadrate  <lusky  blctehcs  along  base  of  dorsal  tin, 
continued  on  base  )f  tin,  iniieh  as  in  //.  octoiiiainmiia.  Like  the  latter,  there 
iiio  radiating  dark  streaks  arouiul  the  eye,  of  which  the  2  anterior  are 
I  lie  most  conspicuous  and  permanent;  no  humeral  spot.     North  Pacific  * 


sci'iiiid,  tliird,  nnd  fifth;  tho  first  i-xtoiida  to  opposite  tlio  luidillo  of  the  serond  dnrsii! :  (li« 
liiiirtli  coiiiiiiciicoM  heh>\v  mid  in  front  of  tho  basiM  of  tho  pectoral,  nnd  oxtonds  to  a  point 
!i  little  behind  that  measurrd  by  tho  extremity  of  that  tin;  tho  iuft-rior  serit'H  of  opposite 
siilcs  converge  and  unite  a  little  behind  the'bnsis  of  the  ventralH  into  a  singh)  median 
line,  which  extends  to  tne  branchiostegal  fold.  The  scales  are  elon<;ate.  and  nearly 
tnincati  distally;  on  the  sides  they  are  in  oblique  series,  but  near  the  dorsal  liu  from'li 
III  5  rows  exhibit  scales  superposed  vertically.  General  coh)r  pale  orange,  witli  ill-detiued 
l)lacl<ish  shade  on  the  sides,  and  7  qiiadr.ite  blackish  spots  at  the  base  of  the  dorsal  Hii-, 
Ih'Idw  bright  yellow;  dorsal  and  caudal  tin  yeUowisli  at  base,  margins  with  a  liroad  black- 
Uh  liand;  !)  black  8|iots  on  the  middle  of  tlie  first,  and  4  on  the  midtlle  of  th(^  second  dorsal 
llii:  anal  yellow,  with  7  idackish  Idotchcs  extending  anteriorly  across  tho  rays;  pectoral 
Mallow,  with  brown  bjujIs  on  tho  rays  nnd  a  black  one  nt  the" base  in  front;'  eye  with  5 
lilackish  radii,  diverging,  2  anteriorly,  I  upward  and  backward,  1  backward,  and  1  down- 
ward and  backward.    Length  14  inches. 

*  Dr.  Gilbert  lulds  the  followiDg  notes  on  Alaska  specimens : 

"  Vonng  individunls  were  dredged  In  Inrgo  nuinbers  in  tlio  shnllow  waters  of  Bristol 
I'ay,  nt  depths  of  from  4^  to  14}  fathoms.  Seining  |>arties  brought  it  in  but  once,  a  single 
young  individual,  and  1  adalt  a]>pearing  at  Unnlnska  among  tlie  i>revalent  llexaaramvios 
iif.tiHjranimuit.  Tlie  largest  indivitliinls  di'edged  mitasiire  about  125  mm.;  the  adult  from 
I'nalnska  345  mm.  in  length.  The,  characters  of  the  species  seem  very  constant.  Tho 
ilnrsal  varies  from  XXIIIi  1!)  to  XXIV,  21 ;  the  anal  from  2H  to  24.  In  "lO  specimens  the 
ilipisal  formula  runs  as  follows:  XXIII,!'.);  XXIII,19;  XXIII, 20;  XXI1I.20  ;  XXIII, 
lid:  XX I  IT,  20;  XXIII,  20;XXIII,  20;  XXIII,  20;  XXIII,  21;  XXIII,  21 ;  XXIII,  21 :  XXIII 
'1\\  -XXIV,  20;  XXIV,  2il;  XXIV,  20.  The  anal  fin  shows  the  following  counts  in  12 
sjiecimens:  23,  23,  23,23,  23,23,24,24,24,24,24,24.  The  body  in  the  young  is  much  more 
slender  than  in  ll.octnijrammut,  is  ligliter  in  ccdor,  and  lacks  the  round  humeral  spot  jires- 
ciitiii  the  latter.  The'suprnociilar  flap  is  somewhat  smaller,  the  cheek  more  extensively 
naked,  the  eye  larger,  and  the  mucous  canal  system  less  strongly  developed.  The  snout, 
dii'cks,  opercles,  and  lower  side  of  head  are  naked,  with  the  exception  ot  a  patch  of  siiiall 
loosely  imbricated  scales,  on  the  upper  posterior  part  of  cheek  and  the  iijiper  third  of  oner- 
clcs.  The  dorsal  line  of  jiores  is  very  inconspicuous,  and  terminates  in  front  of  the  iniildle 
iif  spinous  dorsal.  In  none  of  onr  specimens  are  there  traces  of  a  line  of  pores  on  middle  of 
sides.  The  species  can  bo  distinguished  at  once  from  all  others  by  the  slender  caudal 
pciliinclo,  f  he  shallow  notch  between  tlorsals,  the  fin  formiihe,  tho  short  upper  line  of  pores, 
wliicli  ends  under  anterior  half  of  spinous  dorsal,  the  largely  naked  checks  and  opercles,  the 
siitiplu  uubrauchcU  fourth  lateral  line,  uud  the  extreme  ruughuess  of  the  scales." 


iiPPIF 


\i,    i 


8 


! 


I    * 


1'    '  '      ■ 

fil     »    »   ■.  ■ 

«[  1 

I'l :    ■'  ■ 

»t  ?■  f  ;'i'\   '*' 

HMHA^b^; 

liHiK£^ 

'I? 


187'J  Bulhli)!  /-,  1 'tilled  Slatix  Xational  }fusvui)i. 

fi'oin    Kainchatku'    iiiul   I  iiiiljiskii  t«>  Han    I'l'iuurirn'o;  uliiiiiiliiiil   in  riiKd 
Soiintl,  hnt  rutliur  raro  anions  tliu  Aleutian  iHlandH,  and  Hrarucly  Umiwn 
Honth  of  (,'apo  Moudocino;  orroni-oiiHly  rfcoidcd  from  .lapan,  wliiTo  //»x« 
tinimnKni  olnkii,  Jordan  A    StitrUH,  lian  Ixm-u  uiJHlakun  ibr  it.     (Naniotl  for 
Oooi-fr  Willitdn  Sti-llor,  tlio  indtd'aM<ral>lr  natiiraliHt  of  Itciin^'a  voyu^ri^. 

Ilixaiirammon  uliUfri,  Tli-Kxiim,  M«iii.  Acail.  St.  IVIcrMh.,  it,  ;i;i5,  IHOP,  Kamchatka,     (fjnll. 

SIcll.r.) 
lh:rii<)riiiniiios  imin  r  (Htki.I.F.ii,  MS.)  TiLKHirK,  M<'in.  Ariid.  St.  IVttrslf.,  II,  1810,  ;140,  pi.  l.,, 

Kamchatka.     (Coll.  Stiller.) 
Liihrax  iU'lhii,  I'.U.I.AS,  Mi'iii.  Ara.l.  St.  IVtcrnli.,  ll.  ;iO,'i,  1810. 
I,iihi(ij-  lifXiiijidiiiiiniK,  r.M.I.As,  Mini.  Aiail.  SI.   IVtcitib.,  ll,  ISIO,  3!ir),  |il.  L'.l,  (Ig,  n,  Petro- 

paulski,  Kamchatka  .  I'.U.LAs,  /o(i;,'r.  Iti>«.s(>..VHiiit.,  Ill,  2h4,  IHll. 
(Uiiroiinin  ni-hiilomis,  (tiUAliD,  I  J.  S.  I'ac.  |{.  K,  Siirv.,  .\,  I-'IhIii-h,  15,  1858,  Puget  Sound  and  .it 

Fort  Steilacoo.n.     (("(ill.  Pr.  Sucklny.) 
€liiiuiitti;iraiitiiiiiii.  ('i)i'i;,  Proc.  .Vnicr.  Plillog.  Sue  Pliiln.  1873,  29,  Unalaska. 
Liihrax  lieraiiraiiivnin,  'I'KMMHyiK  \  Scili.iKiKi.,  Kiiiiiia    Japonica.  53,  |il.  23,  1647;  not  ui' 

Pai.las. 
Cliiriiiihexdgritmmuii.  (JPNTIIEU,  Cat.  FIhIicu  Mrit.  Mus.,  ii.  !M  i  in  part. 
Hf.raijraminus  aspcr,  Stkinha*  ii.seh,  Moitr.  Ki.sclio  JapaiLs,  iv,  lO;  not  of  Stelleh. 
llhininhrjaiffamtinin,  (il'.NTiiKli, Cat.,  11,01, 1800. 
Vtiinm  iirhiilosii.1,  (irNTllKli,  Cat.,  II,  03, 1800. 
.( mnlhiiMiiiiH  iithiilosiia,  (} ii.i,,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  Tliila.  1801, 100. 
Uexatiiainmuthexiijirammus,  JoiiUAN  &.  Evkuma.sn,  ClieikIJnt  Fishes,  434, 1800. 

!i'.>Ol.  IIKVA<JltA.>I.MON  SI  PKIM'IMOMIS  (Pallas). 

(UE1>   liOCK   THOtTT.) 

Iload  4;  depth  3L  D.  XX,  23;  A.  22;  scales  107.  Hody  ratluT  rohuHl ; 
Hn]iraor1iital  llaji  loii"-  aiulHlunder,  densely  lrin<ft'd,  its  Icnjjth  altont  tM|iiaI- 
ing  vortical  diiimotcr  of  orl>it.  Scales  iiio.ntly  cyclcid,  a  Itaiid  of  ctoiwiid 
Hcales  often  i>r:>8ont  on  postaxial  lojiion;  8  or  9  scales  in  an  obiiiiiic 
series  between  second  and  third  rows  of  ]»ore8.  A  small  patch  of  toclli 
often  present  on  front  of  palatines.  First  and  fourth  lateral  linos  loii^'. 
usually  roachiiij?  beyond  the  iniddhs  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal;  caudal  very 
broad,  rounded  posteriorly,  even  when  fin  is  closed,  the  membranes  coveicil 
basallv  with  small  scales,  tho.se  on  lucdian  membranes  in  several  Horics; 
dorsals  very  deeply  notched.  Colors  usually  bright,  but  varying  throiiuli 
green,  brown,  and  bright  rod,  usually  dark  green  with  largo  round  ifd 
spots,  but  extremely  variable  and  sometimes  finely  mottled.      Heriiii; 

*  Dr.  Jordan  has  the  following  note.><  on  tliis  species : 

"Two  H)>ecimenH  from  Potropnulski;  1  yoiini'  example  from  Fnnlnska.  This  sppcics 
8('cni8  iiiiich  le.ss  abiintlant  alouy  the  Hliores  of  Bering  Sea  than  Jl.  nctoiirammiis  {ni'diiiii- 
tiiS).  The  Petropanlski  sipecitnens  give  the  following  data:  Donsal  XXll,  21 ;  XXI 1 1,  'Jd; 
iiiinl  23, 24;  pectoral  20.  Cheek  HcalvMl  above  .md  behind  the  suburbital  Htay,  naked  in 
front  of  and  including  the  stay,  except  for  a  small  patch  of  scales  immediately  bidow  iln' 
Htay,  present  in  1  sjiecinien.  Interopercle,  Hubopercle,  and  opercle  naked,  except  foramiiill 
patch  of  scales  on  upper  partof  the  latter.  Upper  lateral  line  oudingundor  seccmd  or  foiii  i!i 
spine  in  1  specimen,  under  tenth  or  twelltli  spine  in  the  other;  the  fourth  extiiids 
barely  to  base  of  ventralsin  1  specimen,  to  opposite  end  of  basal  fifth  of  veiitrals  in  the  oi  Iut. 
There  are  7, 8,  or  9  s(;aIos  in  an  oblique  series  between  second  and  third  lines,  counted  nciir 
middle  of  body.  The  lowermost  line  forks  at  a  point  slightly  nearer  base  than  tip  of  viii- 
trals,  its  distance  from  ventrals  loss  than  J  its  distance  from  vent.  Ventrals  poiiiiid, 
extending  beyond  pectorals  and  more  than  halfway  to  front  of  anal.  The  crmdal  tin  in 
strongly  omaririnate  when  closed,  beccmiing  truncate  when  spread.  It  is  scaled  on  Ici.'^al 
lialf  onl  V.  Color  as  usual  in  the  species,  the  lii;ht  spots  on  sides  numerous,  about  as  largi'  a.s 
pupil;  n:is  bright  reddish  or  orange,  especially  on  basal  half." 


Jordan  ami  ICverinann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1S7.'^ 


Ifi47;  not  i.r 


Isliiiid  to  Monterey;  not  riiro;  bocoininfr  more  foniinoii  nortlnviinl;  ii  very 
sliovvy  Hp«M'i«!H.  oxtrt'iiH-ly  viirjalilo  in  (lolor.  hr,  (Jilhert  obHcrvcH  that  tlio 
H|)nrii>H  JH  alnindiint  in  rnalatku.  Ho  Htattm  that  tho  pati-h  of  pahitine 
Ifotli  In  an  iinrulialth'  cliaiactor,  as  f*  H|ic<-ini«>iiM  out  of  tlio  H  oxaiiiiiiod  do 
not  oxhihit  it.  'V\w  HpocicH  is  woll  diHtin^iiishod  hy  tlio  dc)ith  of  tho  dor- 
Hal  notch,  tho  comparative  HnuiotlincHN  of  the  H<ah>s,  ami  tho  lar^o  hI/o  of 
the  HM]>raociilui'  tiap.  Tlic  ii|>por  lino  of  ])or«>s  oxtends  well  hack  nndor 
ham>  of  Hoft  dorsal,  ami  tho  fourth  line  in  iinhranchcd.  Tho  nidoH  of  thn 
head  aro  H(;ah>d,  oxce|)tin^  tho  re;iion  over  suhorhital  stay,  the  snout,  and 
the  int«!ro)»ore!e.     {miiicrcUhmiis,  pertainiii;;  to  tho  »'yel»ro\v.) 

I.ahrax  nvjittfiliiiniM,    I'Al.l.AS,  Mcin.    Aiad.  St.   I'etfiNli.,  n,  IISH,  1«10,  Unalaaka  (Coll, 

JiMOpli  ltilliii);s) :  PAi.r.AS,  /iio^r.  Uhmmo  AHiiit.,  Ml, 'J7'.),  1811. 
ri,i,ii»i  /lictiit,  (■iHAiiD,  Pror.  Ac.  Niit..S«i.  I'liila.  ISVt,  1.12,  San  Francisco  (Coll.  Drs.  Herr- 

iimiin  lUid  NewbiTiy),  Humboldt  Bay  ((JoU.  M-Mit.  TrowbriduO ;  OO.NTiihU,  (Jut.,  n, 

!i;l,  IHtiO;   liOUKINOTON,  I'riir.  l'..S.  Nut.  MlUS.  IHgO,  r)4. 

chiiimhalutK,  ('()|>E,  I'i'DC,  Aiiicr.  IMiIIoh.  Soc.  I'hila.  18711, 28,  Captains  Harbor,  Unalaska. 

(Coll. I'rof. Oo(irjrt<  Diividson.) 
tlixthirammut  ncalx  r,*  IIkan,  I'roc.  I'.  .S.  \at.  Mas.  1881,  1">4,  Amchitka,  Unalaska  (Tyjie, 

\<t.  27920.    Ooll.  lUiiin) ;  .Ioudan  .V.  ^iiuiiciir,  Syni»imiH,  U41),  1883. 
Chiiwrn*  jnctus,  (;iHAUi),  U.  S.  I'nc.  U.  li.  Siirv.,  x,  Finlii's,  43, 18,">8. 
lhxa<jramiMi» »ujiercitiosii».  Joukan  \  (lii.iiEitr, Syiiu|miH, G44, 1883. 

SSni.  lIKX.VMt.i^lNOS  r.\4iOiKI>ilALl'S(l>nlliiH). 

Head  3)}  to  1  in  h-ngth;  doi)th  3!^  to  3';  oye  small,  about  5i  in  head. 
1>.  XX  to  XXIII,  22  to  21 ;  A.  22  to  21 ;  P.  20  to  21.  Outer  row  of  tooth 
enlarged  in  both  upper  iind  lower  Jaws.  Teeth  on  vomer  and  front  of  pal- 
atines. Maxillary  extending  to  below  middle  of  eye  in  adults,  2^  in  head 
(2.;[  in  young).  A  smaU  lltip  iibove  eye,  fringed  iilong  tho  margin:  no 
tentiicles  on  nape.  Finis  hij?'')  *!'<'  8i»inou«  dorstil  deeply  notched,  the  last 
itpine  Honiewhat  longer  thaa  the  one  preceding;  in  tho  adult  the  fifth 
spine  is  the  longest,  nearly  i  length  of  head,  the  third  tind  fourth  Hjunes 
nearly  equal  to  the  fifth;  from  tho  fifth  the  spines  graduiilly  diminish  iu 
height  to  near  the  end  «)f  the  liu,  when  they  become  rapidly  shortened  to 


*  Tlio  following  is  Dr.  Bean's  description  of  ][.  iscabrv: 

"Head  44  without  o|>or(iiliir  lla|i:  depth  4^.  I).  XX  1,24;  A.  24:  Intornl  lino  flbont  107; 
tninHverso  about  .">();  oye  3  in  head. equal  to  interorhital.  Hudy  oblong,  niodeiately  com- 
pressed:  iii)i)er  outline  of  head  convex,  but  with  a  Hlijiht  frontal  de))reH.sion  ;  least  ho^^ht of 
lailei|ual.s  A  of  head:  ,jawHO(]ual:  thu  maxillary  not  (|uite  ttxtending  to  anterior  margin  of 
pu])!!:  teeth  on  jaws  and  vomer,  none  on  italatines;  a  tentacle  over  each  eye.  Origin  of 
spinous  dorsal  direc tly  over  bnH(M)fi)ectoral,  the  lon>{''^*t  spine  11  in  body  ;  thelon^estMorsal 
iiiye(|Mal  to  iiost(U'bit"al  part  of  heati:  dorsals  deeply  notched  :  bageof  anal  3  in  body;  vent 
ripiidistant  uutween  lip  of  snout  and  base  of  caudal  tin:  caudal  decidedly  forked;  ))ecto- 
rain  M0t<|nite  n^achin;;  vent,  the  lon;:th  equal  to  head  with  ojiercle  (lai»:  distance  of  ven- 
iralsfrmii  snout  more  than  twic<«  length  ot  ventrals,  which  is  7  in  body ;  U  lateral  lines  on 
e:(cli  side,  the  uppermost  mcethiK  its  fellow  on  tlu^  oppositt^  side  in  front  of  the  dorsal,  and 
continued  forward  on  the  n;tpe  in  ii  sin};le  short  line:  it  runs  backward  (dose  to  the  base  of 
dorsal  and  ends  at  beginning;  of  last  third  of  soft  dorsal ;  second  beginning  at  nape,  k  as  far 
I'roiu  the  u]>permost  as  it  is  from  the  third,  and  exteudinu  to  the  caudal ;  tho  third  ue<;Mmint; 
at  tho  upper  end  of  the  i^ill  oponinKan<l  ending  on  thi^  caudal,  ihofourtha  little  above  the 
pectoral,  cnrvin;r  vei'y  slightly  downward  and  disa]ipeiirin<;  about  the  middle  of  the  body, 
not  so  welldeveloiied'as  tlie  rest;  the  tifth  originates  close  under  the  pectoral,  near  the  ijill 
openini;,  ])a8se8  aoove  tho  ventral  and  on  the  lower  part  of  the  side  of  the  bmly,  ending 
at  about  the  beginning  of  the  last  tliird  of  anal;  the  sixth  meets  its  fellow  of  the  oppo- 
site side  a  little  beliind  the  ventral  ha&e,  and  extends  forward  in  a  single  line,  and  runs 
)>:ickward  close  to  the  base  of  the  anal  tin,  eudin<>  ou  the  caudal;  scales  everywhere  very 
rouf-h.  Light  bro»vn,  silvery  below:  each  dorsal  with  3  dark  blotches,  smaller  than  eye, 
not  reacbinj;  base  of  tin:  ]iectoraIs.  ventrals,  and  anal  immaculate.  Coast  of  Alasl^a; 
known  from  young  specimens  only,  the  hirife.st  3  inches  long."  (Hean).  We  have  exuui. 
iued  thoao  upecimeus  aud  tiud  theiu,  beyond  question,  tho  youu^  uf  II.  aupirciliomt. 


IPPF 


If 


1; 


i 


1«7I 


liiillctiu  /7,  I'niltd  Stain  A'otional  Mnuiini. 


t'oriii  tlii>  iiotcli.  ('iiiiilnl  vny  liroa<l  at  Iiiiho,  ronvrx  iit  Uh  |ioHtoi'ii<r  iiiiir 
Kin  ovoii  wlinii  ilio  llii  Ih  rloHvd;  |M'ct(ir»lH  Itroatlly  ntiiiKltMl,  rathtti- Hliitit, 
Ml*-  liiiiK<>Ht.  rayH  1|  to  1!  in  lioa«l,  nut  noiirly  roarliin^  vortical  iVoin  vent; 
vontrui  tinH  l/j  to  '2  in  ImnkI,  HJiorl  and  roitndi'*!  in  tho  yoiiii);,  lio<'oniiii)( 
lont;<*r  and  more  puintt'd  in  udnltH;  (HM'toial  and  vontral  rayH  very  broail, 
<>Hp*Tially  toward  tlitdr  tips,  anti  niurli  iir.inrhi'd ;  Hot't  ra\H  td'  dorsal  iiml 
anal  linn  t'lrl't  on  terminal  tillli,  iih  in  oilier  HprciiH,  tli«^  two  lialvtm  noi 
ilivrr^inK;  o  lii(oral  lincH  on  oacli  sitlr  as  nHual,  2  dorsal,  a  nindiiin,  ami 
2  ventral;  nppor  dorHal  lim-  rtintinn«>d  to  Itoyond  middle  of  HtM'ond  dor 
Hal  lin,  nsmilly  tndin);  nnd«<r  tlll^  roiirtrciith  or  sixtucntli  ray;  lower  tlorNul 
lino  and  tlio  median  lino  oxtendfd  ti»  Iijiho  of  «'aiidal;  upper  vnitral  lim' 
originating  Itelow  and  in  front  of  the  pt^'toral  lin,  p.-iHsiii^  immt>diat<-ly 
aliove  bane  of  ventral  to  wliirli  it  doeH  not  Hond  a  Hepiirate  liraiicli,  ami 
forrnimitin;;  opposite  middle  (d' anal  lin  ;  lowtM' ventral  line  sin<;leon  breast, 
l'orKin<r  in  advaner  ol  iniddle  of  vmlral  lins,  the  branches  jtaHttin^  to  liaHe 
of  eaudal.  In  the  yonn^^  the  scaleH  are  all  ctenoid,  oxco))t  those  in  mid- 
ventral  rejrion,  breast,  prepectoral  area,  and  siiles  (d'  head,  all  becondn^' 
smooth  in  adult;  Hiioiit,  sulioenlar  rin^,  Huiiorldtal  stay,  interojiercle,  am! 
UHually  the  low<>rm(>Ht  portion  of  Hnb«>percle,  NcalolesH;  basal  half  or  more 
of  caudal  and  basal  third  of  soft  dorsal  with  the  nicndtranes  densely  scaled  ; 
]>ectoral  biiHlH  also  deuHely  Hcaled;  sealcH  on  breatit  not  greatly  reduced, 
more  than  .)  as  large  as  tlume  on  ndddle  of  sides;  median  lateral  line  willi 
110 pores;  SorilHcales  in  an  oblique  sericH  between  median  linean<l  the  one 
above  it.  ('olor  in  most  of  our  specimenH  a  >iearly  iiinform  warm  brown, 
lighter  on  under  |)artH,  marked  <mly  witli  irregular  Kuiall  itl.ick  Hpota  aixl 
lines,  which  may  extend  <m  the  dorsal  and  pectoral  tiuH;  anal  and  ventrals 
black,  the  thickened  tipHof  the  rayH  in  thostt  and  the  (tectoral  fniH  often 
white;  n  large,  blackinl*  Innneral  spot  in  young  Hpucimons,  often  disa]) 
pearlng  iu  adults.  One  8pt>cinien  (Iturup  Island)  has  the  upper  parts, 
including  dorsal  and  caudal  lins,  bright  reddish,  with  Home  dusky  blotches 
and  cloudings,  the  humoral  spot  conspicuous.  The  lin  rays  are  us  follows 
in  12  specimens: 


1). 


XX.  24 

xxi.-.';i 

XXII. 
XX 11, 
XXII, 


XXII,  23 


A. 


'i'i 
%\ 
2:1 


P. 

D. 

21 

XX  11,211 

20 

XXII  •Jil 

21 

xxii,2;t 

21 

XXII, 23 

20 

XXII,  24 

21 

XXlll,23 

A, 

P. 

2t 

21 

2:1 

21 

23 

21 

24 

21 

23 

21 

23 

21 

- 

-       -_ 

West  shore  of  Mering  Sea;  not  known  from  Alaska.  We  ^lave  nnmor- 
ons  specimens  from  liobben  Island.  1  specimen  each  from  Bering  ami 
Iturup  islands.  Young  H])ecimens  up  to  20  cni.  in  length  have  the  Hcaies 
all  rough  ctenoid  as  in  II.  e'elleri  and  //.  oilofjvammus.  Specimens  .SO  cm. 
long  have  nio.st  of  the  scales  smooth,  a  few  along  middle  of  sides  still 
ctenoid.  In  an  adult  54  cm.  long. all  the  scales  are  smooth,  those  on  head 
and  nape  partially  embedded.  In  shape  and  general  appearance  this 
species  very  much  resembles  11.  octog  rum  nuts.    It  has  a  deep  caudal  peduii- 


Jonian  and  livvrmann, — fi&hts  of\\)yth  .Innrirn.     1H75 

rl<>,  a  roiiVbvly  loiiiitlnl  oiiihIiiI  IIii,  anil  ii  nit  her  Miinlly  i'uiiiiil<'<l  Niioiit,* 
{,\ay(i>i,  Iiiii««;  wfOctAv,  lieiul.) 

I.ahrnx  Ittijufiiihitl'it,  I'am.AH,  Mt'iii.  Ac  St.  IVIimh1>  .  it.  H10,  .'IH4,  Kuril  iHlandn. 
llraiiiiiKitiiiilfiiriin  lihiori'iiliiiliiM,  .loiltiAN  .V   1''.vi:iimann,  ( 'lirrk  I.InI  KiHlirM,  i:ir>,  IHIHI. 
IliXiiiiriiiinininilir.itiiiiiiiiiiiiii.  KicAV  iV.  IlKAN,  I'roi;.  IJ.  S.  Nut.  Mim.  l8tHI, :im:i, miiitIiiii'Iim rroni 

l'i'll'<t|i;luUI<l;    mil  III'  I'AI.I.A.-^. 

lli'TiiiinimiiiDH  UiijiH'i'iilinluH,  JoiiHAN  A  (iii.iiKiiT,  l''iMli)'-4  ol'  llciiiiK  ^*''>.  I*>  i(<'l>t"  >'■  H.  Kiir 
S*>iil  Iiivo,sll(;uti(iim.  IHUri. 

700.  OPHIODON,  (iiriinl. 

(('Ill.lis  CuhH.) 

O/ihinilon,  (iliiAim,  Pnic.  Ac  Niil.  Sfl.  I'liilii.  IKM,  l.XI  (flnnpnhf). 

O/iloiioiiiii,  (iiUAKi),  I'ruc  Ac  Niil.  Stti.  i'liiiit.  IHIM),  i:i&  iiKintli-rina     floniintut). 

Itody  elon^atu,  low,  littli^  roinpn^KHnl.  Ilnul  lon^,  ruthor  ]><)inti>)],  its 
Hurt'iKn  HrithtlfHH.  Mouth  tt'Miiinul,  vory  liir^o.  .Iuwh  with  vory  Htroi.^, 
Nhiu'p,  iiiioi|iial  tr«'th,  Homo  of  tii(^iii  <  aniii<^-liko;  loii^  Horii^H  of  canliforiii 
tuntli  oil  v«iiiiiT  and  piiliitiiiuH.  (Jill  o])«iiin^H  very  wide,  tiio  iiifliiihraiioH 
not  iiiiitfltl,  t'rco  t'roiii  tlio  isthiiiiiH.  ri'oo|h)i'i'l<)  with  a  t\i\\  hliiiitiHli  H|iiii»H; 
a  diTiiiai  llap  ahovt>  tho  «y«.  S<-aluH  very  Hiiiall,  )KM!oiiiiii(;  Hiiiooth  witli 
agd.  Lateral  lino  Hingltt,  rontiiiiioiiH.  DorHul  (in  loii^,  dcuply  notchod, 
tho  H|)iii(v>4  ahoiit  'Ji  in  Diinihor,  Hhtndor  and  tloxililo,  tho  niiddio  onos  hi^h- 
I'.st;  anal  tin  lon^,  without  diHtinrt  Hpincs;  vontralH  1,  r>,  iiiHoitrd  hoiiiu- 
what  Ix-hiiid  iioctoralu;  pectoral  lin  hroad;  pylori*' iji-ca  vury  iiiiiimrniiH; 
frill  rakura  tiil)t<rcle-liko.  Sp<M-i»M  of  lar^o  hI/o;  aiiioii(;  thn  lar^oHt  of  thn 
rottifonn  IIhIioh;  imrd  a»  food;  thu  IIchU  livid  bliiu  or  ^fuon  in  color. 
(o''0/s,  Huakc;  060O1;,  tooth.) 

i!L>(i:i.  OIMIIOIM».\  KI.O\(JATIS,  Ciriinl. 


(Cri.TlS   Col);    lfl,IK  (y'oii;    llrFKALO  Co.l.) 

Head  :iA;  depth  r>.  D.  XXV,  LM  ;  A.  212.  Koad  larfro,  the  snout  sharp, 
colli*'.  Month  very  larjro,  the  lower  Jaw  prominent;  maxillary  reacliinj; 
beyond  orbit;  each  Jaw  with  a  Hcries  of  larjjo  pointed  teeth  bont  inward 
and  iiiiinovable;  front  of  iii»]ter  Jaw  with  2  to  1  larger  caninoH;  ontMide  of 
the  Herios  of  large  tooth  each  Jaw  has  nuiiierous  nniall,  Hbarp  teeth;  vomer 
anil  palatincH  with  a  Hinglo  row  of  eaninoH;  Hupraorbital  tentacle  much 
Nhortor  than  pupil ;  dorsal  tin  be^^inning  above  preopercle,  the  fin  very 
deeply  notched,  the  higheut  HpiiieH  nearly  ^  length  of  head;  caudal 
eniarginate.  Dark  brown  above,  much  mottled;  dorsal  fin  and  whole 
upper  ])art  of  body  (iovered  with  small  rusty  brown  spots  of  varying  si/e 
and  hue;  lower  ])art8  of  body  of  a  livid  bluish  green,  especially  in  the 
adult,  the  llosh  and  all  membranes  tinged  with  green;  ground  cohir  often 


*  It  will  bo  iiotoil  that  all  <tf  tlic  speclciH  of  Ifexaijrainmon,  (>xcei>t  11.  olnk-ii,  worn  known 
to  I'allaH.  //.  otakii  Iuih  also  liccn  Ion);  known  to  coUt'ctors,  tlniagli  but  recently  diHtln- 
Kuinbt-d  from  //.  utelleri.  It  hccihs  probaltlit  tbtit  all  existing  Hpt'cics  of  Hexa;iraminiiii 
in-o  now  known  to  H8.  Tb<«rc  aro  unil'ornily  f)  lateral  linos  on  encb  nUW  in  all  Hporios  of 
llexanrammoi.  Tlio  Hccond,  third,  and  Ittt'b  linoH  are  (toniplulo  in  all,  while  the  iirut  and 
I'ourtu  are  varioiialy  duvolupud,  and  oUur  vuliiablo  apecitlc  churoctera. 


,  -t- 


'If 


!l 


—g^ 


1870  Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Itlniflh  or  rojldiHli  tinged;  young  sometimes  bright  green;  fins  duHlcy, 
mottled,  tlie  dorsal  ai;  1  cnndal  with  a  very  narrow,  pale  edging.  Ijengtli 
'10  inches.  TaciHo  coast  of  America,  Sitka  to  Santa  Barbara;  very  abim- 
(lant,  reacliing  a  weight  of  30  to  40  ponuds,  l)vMng  one  of  the  most  importnut 
food  iislies  on  the  coast.     (ilon!)(tlii8,  elor.gate.) 

<>^l>lii()(lo>i  elotiijatu*,  GiltAKD,  Prof.  Ac.  Nitt.  Sci.  I'liila.  1854, 133,  San  Francisco  (Type,  No. 
270.  Coll.  Dr.  Hofriiiaiiii),  Humboldt  Bay,  California  (Xo.  277.  Coll.  Lieut.  Trow- 
liridgf):  (JlItAlin,  V.  S.  Par.  U.  U.  Surv.,  .X,  VMwh  48,  \t\.  18,  figs.  4  to  7,  1858; 
(irNTHEU,  Cat..II,94,  18i;U;  JOUOAN  iV  (JlMlHRT,  Sjliopsls,  040,  1883. 

(yplopoma  2>(inth"ri!ia,  GiitAKD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  Piilla.  1856,  135,  Cape  Flattery,  Wash- 
ington (i'ype.  No.  27.").  Coll.  Lieut.  Ti  iwbridgo);  Girauu,  U.  S.  Pac.  It.  Jt.  Surv.,  .\, 
FLslioH,  40,  j.l.  38,  fl^s.  1  to  :••,  1858. 

Ophiudon  paiUlierinus,  GCnthkk,  Cut.,  ii,03, 1800. 


701.  ZANIOLEPIS,  fJirard. 

Zaniolepli,  GiRAnn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1857, 202  {latiinn:\iii). 

Body  elongate,  little  compressed,  tapering  from  the  nape  to  the  long  and 
slender  tail.  Head  short,  conical,  the  profile  decurved.  Month  rather 
small,  low,  terminal,  horizontal;  cardiform  teeth  on  the  Jaws,  vomer,  and 
])alatines;  no  supxaorbital  cirri ;  preopercle  with  spines.  Gill  membranes 
not  united,  free  from  the  isthmus ;  gill  rakers  tubercle-like.  Scales  small, 
im'uricated,  extremely  roughly  ctenoid.  Lateral  lin<i  single,  continuous. 
Dorsal  fin  with  about  20  spines,  some  of  the  anterior  spineH  more  or  le8.s 
elevated,  a  deep  notch  between  the  spines  and  soft  rays;  anal  fin  very 
long,  with  3  8i)ineH,  the  second  of  which  is  longest;  ventrals  I,  5,  long, 
inserted  a  little  behind  iiectorals;  pettorals  moderate;  pyloric  cseca  fe\, 
(5  or  6).  North  Pacific,  in  deep  water;  small  fishes,  not  vaLiod  as  food; 
singular  in  form  and  appearan(;e,  and  bearing  some  resemblance  to  the 
Icelu8-\ike  VoUiiw,  (qaviov,  a  comb  or  card;  \£7tig,  scale;  hence  more 
correctly  spelled  with  an  initial  X.) 

a.  Tliird  dorsal  spine  greatly  elevated,  much  longer  than  head;  head  le.sa  than  J  len^tli 

of  liody;  no  supraorbital  (hip.  LATIpinnis,  2204. 

aa.  Tliird  'lorsal  spine  moderate,  Hhorter  tlian  liead;  head  more  than  ^  length  of  body; 

supraorbital  llap  present.  frenatus,  2265. 


2204,  ZAXIOLEPIS  LATIPIXNIS,  Girard. 

Head  t^;  depth  5}.  D.  XXI-1, 11;  A.  Ill,  17.  Body  elongate,  fusiform, 
scarcely  compressed,  the  dorsal  outline  rising  rather  steeply.  Mouth 
snudl,  horizontal,  low,  the  maxillary  reaching  nearly  to  the  middle  of  tlio 
eye ;  the  premaxillary  entirely  below  the  eye.  Eye  very  large,  longw  than 
snout.  Si  in  head;  no  eirrns  above  eye;  preorbital  wide,  partly  covering 
the  scaly  maxillary;  interocular  space  rather  narrow,  somewhat  concave, 
nasal  spmes  present;  preopercle  with  3  sharp  spines.  Dorsal  spines  slen- 
der, stift",  the  first  and  second  longest,  usually  greatly  produced,  but  atiiBsh 
to  the  tip,  scarcely  connected  by  membrane,  reaching  to  nearly  middle  of 
second  dorsal,  and  more  than  I  the  total  length  of  tne  fish,  but  often 
much  shorter;  a  deep  notch  between  spinous  and  soft  parts  of  dorsal;  sec- 


Jordan  and  Evcimann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1877 


oiul  (lursal  hi^li,  i to  ruys  gradually  Hhurtoiiod;  iuial  long,  its  spinuH  high; 
vuntrals  «>loiigutc,  wide  iipart,  roaihing  paHt  front  of  anal;  pcctoraltsislioi-t 
and  uai:o\v;  caudal  short,  .slightly  cmargiuiite.  Head  and  body  evory- 
whcre  covered  with  minute,  inibricatod,  v«Ty  rough,  Hhagreou-like  .scales, 
olivaceous,  the  body  and  upper  fins  spotted  with  rusty  brown;  the  vcrti- 
lal  fins  marked  with  blackish ;  a  black  streak  before  eye;  suborbital  bluish 
silvery.  Length  12  inches.  Tacitic  toast  of  the  United  .States,  from  .San 
Francisco  northw.ird;  abundant  in  deep  witer;  a  alonder  tish  of  dry,  firm 
substance  and  singular  form.  Here  described  from  speoiniens  fn'Ui  otV 
I'oiut  Keyes.    (/«<««,  brou'l ;  piiina,  tin.) 

/.iininleinti  latipinnU,  GutAKU,  Proc.  Ac  Nat.  Sc.i.  Pliila.  1857,  202,  Fort  Stcilacooni,  Paget 
Sound  (Coll.  Dr.  Suckleyi ;  Giu.vuu,  f.  S.  I'lic  U.  K.  Suiv.,  x,  Fish.,  7:t,  pi.  17,  llj;,s.  5  iind 
6,1858;  (JCntheb,  Cat.,n,04, 1800;  JoKUAN  &  GU.UERT,  Synopsis,  047,188:). 

22«.».  ZAMCU.KI'IfS  FIIKNATLS,  Kifjiimiann. 

Head  3?  in  length  of  body ;  d<^pth  ;>|.  D.  XX-I,  12 ;  i^  III,  15 ;  eye  3J  in 
head;  snout  3J;  mu.ullary3;  third  dorsal  spine  U;  second  dorsal  ray  2; 
|iectoral  H  ;  ventral  li  ;  second  anal  8j>ine  3^;  caudal  1^.  Form  of  Z.  laii- 
j/iiinis,  slender,  ta|ternig  backwards,  anterior  profile  gently  convex,  the 
snout  sharp,  the  lower  outline  scarcely  curved.  Mouth  at  lower  side  of 
snout  horizontal,  the  maxillary  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  pupil,  3  in 
head.  A  blunt  spine  on  head  of  maxillary  in  front  of  nostrils.  Teeth  in 
broad  cardiform  bauds  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  no  canines.  Nasal 
spines  very  stro^^g,  much  more  developed  than  in  /.  latipinniii.  Eye  very 
hirge,  3Hiihead.  Interorbital  space uarrowerthau  in  Z.  /ra'tj^in/iis,  strongly 
concave,  with  a  deep,  median,  scaleless  groove,  widening  anteriorly.  A 
long,  narrow,  supraorbital  cirrus,  more  than  J  as  long  as  diameter  of  eye, 
on  supraorbital  rim  behind  middle  of  eye.  (A  minute  tlaj)  similarly 
l>laced  in  Z,  latipinuis.)  Two  or  3  preopercular  s])iues  developed,  with  1  or 
2  on  shoulde'*;  no  other  spines  on  head.  Gill  rakerp.  short,  tubercular, 
not  toothed,  10  or  11  on  anterior  arch.  Gill  membranes  narrowly  joined 
iicross  throat.  Dorsal  beginning  over  upper  angle  of  giil  opening ;  spines  of 
anterior  part  ot  iiu  with  membranes  deeply  incised,  the  tirst  3or  4  beingmore 
tiian  half  free ;  none  of  the  spines  produced  into  iilaments,  all  stiff  to  their 
tips,  which  are  pungent;  the  anterior  spines  varying  in  relative  leugtii, 
but  the  third  seems  normally  the  longest,  IJt  to  11  in  head,  the  second  and 
third  about  equal,  the  fin  thence  shortened  to  the  twentieth  spine,  the 
twenty-first  again  lengthened;  anal  s])ines  strong,  the  second  the  longest, 
\  longer  than  third;  anal  rays  free  at  tip  and  thickened,  becoming 
gradually  higher  posteriorly,  the  last  rays  not  abruptly  lengthened  as  in 
Z.  laUpinnit;  pectoral  long,  *  head,  its  upper  portion  longest,  the  lower 
rays  thicliened  towards  tips,  and  serving  as  a  support  as  the  iish  rests  on 
the  bottom;  ventrals  long,  the  outer  rays  thickened,  longest  barely  reach- 
ing vent ;  caudal  truncate.  Scales  as  in  Z.  latip'mms,  minute,  but  regularly 
disposed,  their  posterior  e<lge  with  5  to  8  strong  spines,  nearly  as  long  as 
width  of  scale;  tubes  and  pores  of  lateral  lino  not  eMtemally  visible; 
head  and  body  entirely  scaled,  except  snout,  premaxillaries,  part  of  inter- 
urbital  space,  and  lower  side  of  head;  serios  of  spinous  scales  extend  to 


::     li 


»»IW.8WllWBWWWm«LV.*»WjlWWJgm 


i  i '' 


II 


1878         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


ti|)s  of  rays  iind  spines  of  tlovHal,  candul,  and  pectoral  fins.  Color,  back 
witli  a  Heries  of  (>  quadr.-ite  blotches,  correspondinff  to  or  ulteruiitiu^  with 
u  siiniliir  series  of  larger  Idotcluis  b<>li»w  the  lateral  line,  the  spaces  lie- 
tween  with  voriuiculatinn;  linos  of  j^ray,  inclosing  darker  spaces,  tlieliglit 
lines  sometimes  produced  below  tlio  lateral  line  iu  v-shiipi^d  or  )  (-shaped 
markings;  head  dark,  a  silvery  line  on  suborbital  chain,  edged  above 
witii  black ;  spinous  dorsal  translucent,  with  round,  black  spots,  fre- 
quently more  or  less  contiuent  to  form  horizontal  or  oblique  streaks;  soft 
dorsal  similarly,  but  much  leas  distinctly,  marked;  caudal  dusky,  black 
in  males  with  white  ])OHterior  margin;  anal  black  in  males  with  white 
uuirgin,  in  females  unmarked;  pectorals  Avith  2  blackish  bars,  white 
edged;  veutrals  black  iu  nuiles,  white  edged,  plain  iu  femalea;  in  males 
the  lower  parts  of  body  are  uniformly  blackish,  ((jlill)ert  MS.)  Oil"  shore 
banks  of  southern  California.  Hero  desciibed  from  a  spt^cimeu,  K  inchts 
long,  taken  olf  the  Santa  Harbara  Islands,  by  the  Albatrona.  (J'renaliis, 
bridled.) 

Zaniolepii  frenatug,  Eioenmann,  West  Aiiit  rk'an  Siiontist,  Nov.  9, 1889, 10,  Cortez  Banks, 
off  San  Diego.    (Coll.  Capt.  Carter.) 

7G2.  OXYLEBIUS,  Gill. 
Oxj/lebiiit,  Gn.L,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1862,  277  (pietui). 

Hody  oblong,  somewhat  compressed.  Head  conical,  very  slender  acumi- 
nate, the  profile  somewhat  concave.  Mouth  small.  .Jaws  each  with  n 
band  of  teeth,  the  outer  scirles  considerably  enlarged;  minute  teeth  on 
vomer,  few  or  n<uie  on  palatines.  Top  of  head  with  dermal  Haps.  Pre- 
opercle  with  2  blunt  spines.  (lill  membranes  broadly  connected,  free  from 
the  istlnnns;  gill  rakers  short,  not  very  stout.  Scales  small,  ctenoid; 
a  single  lateral  line.  Dorsal  tin  emarginate,  with  altont  16  low,  rather 
strong  spines;  soft  diu'sal  mod«'rate,  its  membrane  clo.sely  scaled;  anal 
with  3  stout  spines,  the  second  the  longest;  caudal  truncate;  pectorals 
rath«'r  long,  their  bases  not  procurrent;  veutrals  moderate,  inserted  w<'ll 
behind  pectorals.  Pyloric  cieea  fvw.  Small  fishes  of  bright  coloration. 
(o^vi,  sharp;  Lehiiia,  an  old  synonym  of  Hcxafframmos,  from  Xe/Jux?,  a  kiiul 
of  a  small  lish  suitable  to  be  cooked  in  Xe/Sitfi,  a  kettle. ) 


2260.  OXYLEBIUS  I'lOTUS,  Gill. 

Head  3i;  depth  3j^.  D.  XVI,  15;  A.  Ill,  13.  Body  rather  deep,  com- 
pressed. Head  littbi  compressed,  slender,  pointed;  lips  thick;  lower  jaw 
slightly  included;  maxillary  small,  barely  reaching  eye.  Eyes  large, 
about  equal  to  snout, 4  in  head;  nasal  spines  present;  interocular  space 
narrow.  Scales  on  sides  of  head  very  small ;  scales  on  body  small,  ctenoid, 
with  strong  horiztmtal  striae,  those  on  breast  minute.  Dorsal  fin  continu- 
ous, its  spines  stiff,  the  middle  one  highest,  and  all  considerably  lowev 
than  the  soft  rays;  second  anal  spini^  longer  tlian  the  third,  about  equal  t<> 
the  soft  rays;  pi'ctorals  barely  reaching  anal;  veutrals  to  past  vent. 
Tawuy  grayish,  with  about  6  black  bart;,  alternating  with  areas  of  i»alc 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1879 

iiriiii^o,  th«>  liitu-r  oliscui'utl  l>,v  «liisk,v  spots  aiul  lilutchcs;  X\w  dark  hiirM 
('xteu<liii;r  on  th<«  liiis,  thr  iirst  acrosM  thr  uiiim-,  tb*^  Hccoud  across  tlir  iiiid- 
(llr  of  tho  spiuoiiH  dorsal,  tlio  third  liroador,  across  postrrior  part  of  spi- 
nous dorsal  and  front  of  anal;  1  across  niid«ll*'  of  soft  dorsal,  1  on  posterior 
part,  and  1  at  1>uso  of  caudal,  the  Itars  altout  as  Avid«>  as  tlie  int' nspaces, 
and  their  'rdffcs  irn!jj;aLir,  lint  sharply  dcfnu'd;  pectorals  and  caudal 
orange,  with  cross  series  of  spots;  ventrals  larg«'l.v  Idack;  under  side  of 
licad  orange,  freckled,  spotted  with  pale;  2  fringed  cirri  over  each  eye, 
scarlet;  hreast  and  lielly  niarbletl.  Length  10  inches.  Kocky  shores, 
on  the  Pacific  coast  of  the  United  States  from  MonttTey  northward  to 
I'cigot  Sound,  living  annmg  alga;;  ahundaut,  hut  rare  in  coUections,  being 
seldom  taken  in  nets.  Hero  described  from  speciiuons  from  Monterey. 
A  nutst  beautiful  and  active  little  iisli.     (j>JctH»,  painted.) 

(irhii-bhis  pietus,  (Jill,  Pioc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1862, 277,  California;  no  deflnite  locality. 
Joiii)A\  &,  GiLHhUT,  Syiioiwis,  048,  1883;  JoiiUAN  &  Stakks,  rroo.  Col.  Ac.  Sci.  18«5, 
802,  pi.  78. 

Family  CLXXIX.  (JOTTID.E.* 


(TlIK   SCfLI'INS.) 

llody  moderately  elongate,  fusiform  or  couipresse<l,  tapering  backward 
from  the  bead,  which  is  usually  broad  and  depressed.  Eyes  placed  high, 
the  interocular  space  usually  narrow ;  a  bony  8ta.y  connecting  the  sub- 
orbital with  the  preopercle,  usually  covered  by  the  skin;  Jipper  angle  of 
preopercle  usually  with  1  or  more  spinous  processes,  the  head  sometimes 
wholly  unarmed.  Teeth  ecjual,  in  villiform  or  cartliform  bands  on  .jaws, 
and  often  on  vomer  and  palatines;  premaxillaries  protractile;  maxillary 
without  supplemtmtal  bone.  (Jills  3^  or  4,  slit.behind  the  last  small,  often 
oltsolete;  gillrakers  short,  tubercle-like  or  obsolete;  gill  membranes 
liroadly  connected,  often  jointed  to  the  isthmus.  IJody  naked,  or  vari- 
ously armed  with  scales,  pritikles,  or  bony  plates,  but  never  uniformly 
scaled;  lateral  line  present,  simple,  sometimes  chain-like.  Dorsal  fins 
separate  or  somewhat  connected,  the  spines,  6  to  18  in  number,  usually 
slender,  sometimes  concealed  in  the  skin,  the  soft  part  elongate;  caudal 
lln  separate,  r«>undcd;  una!  fin  similar  to  the  soft  dorsr.l,  without  spines; 
lusctoral  fins  large,  with  broad  procurr«'nt  bases,  the  rays  mostly  simple, 
tile  upper  sometimes  branched;  ventrals  thoracic,  rarely  entirely  wanting, 
the  rays  usually  1, 3  to  1, 5,  their  insertion  well  forward.  Pseudobranchiai 
present.  Vertebiic  numerous,  30  to  50.  Scapular  arch  normal;  myodome 
developed;  actinosts  large,  i)artly  intervening  between  hypercoracoid ; 
ribs  sessile  on  the  vertebraj.  Pyloric  cicca  usually  in  small  number  (4  to  8) ; 
air  bladder  commonly  wanting.  Genera  about  60;  species  about  250, 
mostly  of  the  rock  pools  and  shores  of  northern  regiims;  many  species 
found  in  fresh  waters ;  some  of  the  salt-water  species  descending  to  great 
depths.  Most  of  the  spesies  are  of  small  si/e  and  singular  aspect,  and 
none  is  valued  as  food.    The  family  is  an  extremely  varied  one,  which 


'  We  are  under  obligations  to  Dr.  Wilbur  \V.  Thoburn  for  many  notes  on  tho  American 
dottidce. 


'%    '  if 


Ul: 


1880         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


can  uot  readily  be  thrown  into  subordinate  groups.  Almost  every  H])e*'i(>s 
liaH  au  individuality  of  its  own,  and  among  tbo  marine  forniH  it  in  neut-Hsary 
to  recoKiii/e  ali'iost  r.H  many  ^ronera  as  species.  It  is  impossible  to  throw 
these  small  genera  together  into  large  groups.  Of  tbo  American  forms, 
probably  Jovdania  is  nearest  the  primitive  scaly  stock,  fnim  which  sudi 
forms  as  Zaniohpia  and  OxykhiuH  are  also  descended.  HcmHrlplerua  and 
Nautichtlnja  seem  to  be  the  most  specialized  genera.  Fresh- water  degener- 
ation is  exemplified  in  CM^hfM  and  I'rauidm;  deep-water  <logeueration  in 
ZeaticvJua  and  Cottiinciilua,  and  the  degradation  associated  with  sluggish 
habits  in  Amrlichthya,  raifcliioliilva,  ami  (iilhertina.  { Triy I i4w,  grou]}  Col- 
tina,  part;  groiip  Scorpanina,  part,  Giinther,  Cat.,  11.) 

I.  S)iinoufl  iloi'sul  tividviit,  uot  coiuu-ultxl  in  tlio  llosli  nor  iii<liiitiii;;iiiHlialiln  from  soft  part ; 
head  with  Hpines  or  lubcrclus  (oscutit  iu  raro  cases),  it.s  boiieti  not  all  hidden  in 
lax  xkiii. 
a.  Ventral  tins  well  developed. 
b.  I'ectoral  tins  separate,  not  eoalcscent  l)elow. 
c.  Ventral  rays  I,  5;  vomer  and  palatiuus  witli  teeth ;  ^ill  membranoa  broadly  united, 
free  from  tlie  isthmus. 
JORDANUNili: 

d.  Body  more  or  loss  scaly  above,  or  witli  rough  plates  or  prickles. 
e.  Dorsal  tiu  very  long,  of  17  siiinuo;  anal  long;  no  slit  behind  last  gill  arcii ; 
back  with  rough  scales;  sides  with  obliixuu  serrated  folds;  ventral  lins 
well  behind  pectorals.  Joruama,  7o:i. 

ce.  Dorsal  tin  moderate,  of  12  or  13  spines;  anal  long;  body  very  slender: 
sides  of  back  with  rough  plates. 
/.  Last  gill  arch  with  uo  slit  behind  it;  chin  with  2  barbels. 

rARICELINUS,  704. 

//.  Last  gill  arch  with  a  slit  behind  it;  chin  without  barbels. 

Alciuka,  705. 

SCORP.T'lNlCnTnYIN^ : 

dd.  Body  covered  with  smooth  skin ;  a  slit  behind  last  gill ;  dorsal  rays  11 ;  body 
rather  robust.  SCORPiENICHTHYS,  700. 

cc.  Ventral  rays  not  I,  5;  usually  I,  'i,  sometimes  I,  2,  or  I,  4. 
g.  Spinous  dorsal  shorter  than  soft  part,  of  less  than  13  spines. 

nEMn.El'n)OTlN.K: 

li.  Body  delinitely  more  or  less  sciily  above,  the  scales  sometimes  arranged  in 
bands,  or  .sometimes  modilied  as  bony  plates,  tlie.se  usually  placed  aluu.:.; 
lateral  line  or  at  base  of  dorsal  (skin  naked  in  Artediellut). 
i.  Last  gill  arch  without  slit  behind  it;  gill  membranes  united,  free  from  the 
isthmus. 
j.  Vomer  and  palatines  with  teeth. 

k.  Preopercular  spine  with  1  to  5  enlarged  hooks  or  antlor-liko  p^oce3Sl•^^ 
above,  I)esides  the  2  on  its  bifid  or  emarginate  tip. 
{.  Back  above  lateral  line  evenly  scaly ;  spinous  dorsal  emarginate. 

CHITONOTI'S,  707. 

II.  Back  above  lateral  line  with  a  series  of  enlarged  plates  or  soale.s. 
the  space  above  aiul  below  this  naked. 
m.  Lateral  line  armed  with  a  series  of  bony  plates;  preopercular-liko 
processes  usually  numerous, 
n.  Dorsal  tin  with  1  or  more  of  the  anterior  spines  elevated  and 
filamentous;  scattered  plates  behind  axil. 

Tarandichthys,  70^^. 
nn.  Dorsal  tin  without  filamentous  spines;  no  plates  behind  axil. 

ICEUNfS,  703. 


•  •J-, 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     1881 


a- 


intn.  Lateral  lino  iiiiiiriiicil  <ir  with  hiiiiiII  bidden  sculeH  only;  Ixxly 
rather  rolxiMt;  no  fllmntMitouH  HpinuH;  top  of  limid  Hciily; 
preoptTculur  upino  with  but  I  bookod  procnsH  above. 

ASTllOLYTKB,  710. 

kk.  i'r<>o]>crciilar  Hpinit  bitld  ur  Hiinplo,  witliout  hooka  or  autlur-liko  pro- 

CL'HHCH  llboV*.'. 

0.  Vent  very  elo.te  behind  vontrals;  aupriiorbital  cirrutt  very  higli. 

ARCH18TE8,  711. 

00.  Vent  woU  behind  vontriils;  supraorbitnl  cirrns  low  or  wanting. 

p.  Back  with  a  dlHtinct  bund  of  hciiIch  on  oaoli  side  above  liiterul  linv; 

head  Hinooth  aitovf,  tlie  iiiterorbital  Hpaco  lint  or  coucuve. 

ly.  Interorbitul  Hpuoellat;  head  >v  itbout  cirri  above. 

AnxEDii's,  712. 

ij(j.  luterorbital  apaco  concave;  top  of  head  witli  short  cirri. 

AXVIUA8,  713, 

pp.  Hack  covore<l  with  rough  soalcH  above ;  Iieml  very  rough. 

r.  Preopercular  spine  more  or  leas  evidently  bifurcate;  a  small 

cirrus  above  eye.  JIuscarius,  716. 

rr.  Preopercular  spine  simple;  sides  scaly  below  lateral  line. 

1{ASTIIINI'8,  710 

ppp.  Back  with  a  series  of  larger  plates  along  each  side  bolow  base  of 

dorsal  tin  above  lateral  line;  head  naked  above;  sides  with 

scattered  scalu^4;  body  and  bead  slender;  skin  above  with 

warty  scales  and  prickles.  Icelus,  717. 

pppp.  Back   and   sides  wholly  naked;    preopercular   spine   simple, 

strongly  hooked  upward.  Ahtediellus,  714. 

Vomer  with  teeth,  palatines  with  none ;  the  side  with  a  series  of  bony 

keeled  spinous  plates. 
t.  Plates  on  head  larger,  similar  to  those  along  lateral  line ;  body  very  slen- 
der, depressed  above.  Radulinus,  718. 
tt.  Plates  on  liead  very  rimall;  hotly  rather  robust;  proopercle  witli  4 
spines,  the  upper  hooked  upward.                          Stelqistrum,  710. 
a.  Last  gill  arch  with  a  distinct  slit  behind  it. 
M.  Sides  of  body  with  oblique  serrated  folds;  preopercular  spines  small, 
simple  or  bitid ;  gill  membranes  wholly  free  from  isthmus ;  spinous 
dorsal  not  emarginate;  no  palatine  teeth;  body  slender;   ventrals 
moderate. 
V.  Caudal  tin  truncate  or  slightly  emarginate. 
w.  Back  with  a  series  of  bony  tubercles  along  base  of  dorsal;  body  not 
very  slender. 
X.  Breast  naked,  with  cross  folds  of  skin,  containing  mucous  tubes. 

•   Trioloi's,  720. 
xts.  Breast  with  small  scales  and  no  cross  folds.  Stermas,  721. 

WW.  Back  without  bony  tubercles  along  ba«e  of  dorsal;  body  very  slen- 
der; lower  rays  of  pectoral  produced.  Prionistius,  722. 
vv.  Caudal  flu  deeply  forked;   body  very  slender;   lower  pectoral  rays 
produced.  Elanura,  723. 
«M.  Sides  of  body  without  oblique,  serrated  folds ;  no  bony  tubercles  along 
dorsal ;  body  very  robust. 
y.  Back  with  1  or  2  bands  of  largo  rough  scales ;  lateral  line  without  bony 
shields ;  palatines  with  teeth ;  preopercular  spine  short. 
z.  Back  with  one  band  of  scales ;  ventrals  greatly  elongate ;  gill  mem- 
branes free  from  isthmus ;  spinous  dorsal  not  notched. 

Melletes,  724. 
zz.  Back  and  sides  with  2  separate  bands  of  coarse  rough  scales ;  ven- 
trals motlerate;  spinous  dorsal  notched. 
a'.  Gill  membranes  jiartly  free,  forming  a  broad  fold  across  isthmus; 
naked  skiu  of  body  tirm  aud  thick.  liSMUJU>u<uxut>,  726. 

3030 41 


^'1 


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mmmmjmimnmm 


t'  i 


ft' 


m 


mh.\. 


'Pi 

l'^> 

'i 

fH^^ 

■t-) — 

<?« 

[[ 

''*:" 

-4-- 

f- 

/^  ^ 

K's 

.;!;■  ■ 

1882         DtiUctin  47,  United  States  National  Mnsenm. 


ua'.  Gill  niomlirnncH  unitctl,  not  foniitnK  n  diHtlnot  fold  ncroHH  iMtliiniiK 
(iiiilcBH  the  skill  is  slirivitlled) ;  naked  Hkiii  thin  and  Inx. 

Calyoilkpidotus,  720. 
j/i/.  llody  wltlioiit  Hcnles,  Init  witli  a  band  of  coarMo  bony  plateH  uIoiik 
lateral  line*;  gill  niHuibrant'H  broadly  united  tu  the  istlimuH. 
b'.  Preoperciihu'  spine  Hiniple,  very  long  and  Htrong.        KNoriiiivs,  7L'T 
bh'.  Preopercular  spine  i-xlreniely  long,  armed  above  with  recurved 
hooks.  CKKATOCorri'H,  7'JK. 

hh.  Hody  not  definitely  wnly  above,  the  skin  smooth,  prickly,  villous,  or  with  stai 
tered  scaly  processes;  no  bony  armature  to  lateral  line. 
Coitina;  : 

C.  Skin  smooth  or  warty  or  velvety,  not  evenly  hispid  with  stiff  prickles. 
e'.  Gill  membranes  broadly  united  to  the  iHthmiiH,  not  forming  a  fnld 
across  it;  fresh-water  species  with  the  head  feebly  armed;  \m\n 
tine  teeth  present  or  absent. 
/'.  Ventruls  with  a  concealed  spine  and  4  soft  rays;  skin  often  ]irirklv. 

COTTUH,  '•J'.l. 

/J'.  Yentrals  with  a  concealed  spine  and  U  soft  rays;  skin  not  pricklv  ; 
palatine  teeth  usually  olmolcte.  Ubanidea,  TM. 

<■(■'.  Gill  openings  narrowly  Juiued  to  the  iHtlnmis,  without  fold. 

[ Lei'tocottu.'*,  7i;!.| 
eee'.  Gill  membranes  free  from  the  isthmus  or  else  forming  a  broad  fold 
across  it. 
ff'.  I'.alatino  teeth  none. 
h'.  First  dorsal  spine  not  e.^pecially  elevated. 
t'.  Preopercle  with  3  spines  only,  the  Jippor  straight,  the  third 
turned  downward;  skeleton  well  ossified;  lat4)ral  line  duvi'l- 
oped,  with  or  without  concealed  plates. 
j'.  Lower  jaw  shorter  than  upper;   suprascapula  with  a  sinjrlc 
spine.  MyoxocEi'HAi.us,  7:11. 

jj'.  Lower  jaw  longer  than  upper;  suprascapula  with  a  doiilili' 
spine,  the  upper  branch  shorter.  MEOALocoTTrs,  7.'!2. 

ii'.  Preopercle  with  4  spines,  the  lowermost  or  fourth  turned  down- 
ward; bones  of  head  more  or  less  cavernous;  lateral  iiiio 
often  modified  or  reduced  to  scattered  pores. 
k'.  ITpper  preopercular  spine  curved  or  hooked  upward  or  else 
obsolete  and  hidden  in  the  skin;  skin  smooth;  occipilal 
ridges  little  developed. 
I'.  Nasal  spines  obsolete ;  bones  of  head  soft  and  spongy ;  lower 
jaw  projecting;  lateral  line  reduced  to  scattered  jtoreti; 
deep  water  sculpins  allied  to  rsychrolutei. 
in'.  Vomer  with  teeth ;  palatines  with  none. 

n'.    Preopercular  spines  distinct,  uppermost  long,  shar-p. 

o'.  Uorsals  well  separated.  Zesticeli'.s,  7;!li. 

00'.  Dorsals  contiguous.  DAsvconxs,  7:;4. 

nn'.  Preopercular  spines  very  short,  hidden  in  the  HJiiii; 

dorsal  Hn  continuous.  CorruNCULUs,  7:!5. 

mm'.  Vomer  and  palatines  toothless.        Malacocottus,  730. 

IV.  Nasal  spines  strong ;  bones  of  head  firm ;  lower  jaw  incliidi'd. 

p'.  Ventral  fins  very  long,  reaching  past  front  of  anal. 

Akoybocottus,  717. 
jip'.  Ventral  fins  moderate,  not  reaching  vent. 

POROCOTTCS,  7:i8. 
A;Jl-'.  IJpi)er  preopercular  spine  straight;  lateral  line  chaiu-liluv 
vomer  with  teeth,  an  evident  slit  behind  last  gill. 
q'.  Top  of  head  with  ridges  or  crests ;  marine  species. 

Oncocottcs,  7:iy. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  Amaka,     1883 


qq'.  Top  of  lieiid  uimriiicd.or  iieiirly  nn;  lacuntrino  HpovieH. 

Tnioi.iiPsiH.  no. 

kkk',  t'piicr  pri'npi'iTular  Hpiiio  Htiiiit,  nrincil  with  1  or  .'I  nnlli>r- 

lik(«  priH'OHHi^H  i  slit  lioliinil  last  \i\\\  Hiimll  or  wanting ; 

vomer  toothluxH.  OvMNocANTiirH,  741. 

hh'.  First  (lorxiil  Hplne  «<lovnicil:   Hkin  purfiM^tly  HtinHtth;  Kill  iiuiiii- 

l>raii<-M  t'trtr.int;  <k  liroail  I'olil  acroHH  iHtliiiiiiH.     Leiocuti'Uh,  742. 

(//;'.  Palatine  lectli  prt'Hriit  (rarely  oliHolote  in  one  apeoieH). 

f'.  (fill  nu-nil>rnneH  narrowly  Joined  to  the  islliiiiiia,  not  I'onninK  a 
Cold;  preopurcular  Hpine  willi  antlor-like  prurcHHeHJ  Hkin 
Hhiootli.  LKiTOCdiTl'S,  74;». 

rr'.  0  ill  iiii'uihraneH  Tree  from  the  iHthnniH;  preopen'ularapiuuHliorter; 
head  and  Hiden  iiHiially  v/itli  many  ahort  cirri. 
»'.  Skin  oJ"  Hiden  with   acattereil   prieklen  or  rudimentary  Healen; 
preoperciilar  Hpine  liitid;  head  pointed.       Clinoc'UTTI's,  744. 
««'.  Skiu  perfectly  Hniooth,  without  ncalen  or  prlckluH. 
V.  I'reopercular  apintt  lonK  and  aharp,  Boniutinica  with  1  antler- 
like  prweHH  ahove;  nnoiit  acute.  Olioocoitus,  745. 
tv.  Freopurcular  spine  sharp,  curved,  simple;  anout  acute. 

O.WCOTTUH,  746. 

UV.  Preoitercniar  Hpine  short  and  Idunt;  Huoutmoreor  IcHHolituso. 

Itl.KNNKHiTTUH,  747. 

rrr'.  tSill  momhraneH  free  from  the  iathmuH;  no  cirri;  preoperculur 

Hpine  slender,  liuokcd  upward.  [  AuTEUiELLl'S,  714.] 

BLKI>SItNi« : 

ee'.  Skin  almost  everywhere  rou){h  with  small  bluntish  prickles;  lirst  duraol. 
elevated  in  front;  head  small.  comprcHHcd. 
u'.  Gill  menibranos  free  from  the  isthmuH;  ventrals  HUiall. 
V'.  Spinous  dorsal  not  emargiuato;  no  smooth  areas  on  hmly. 

IIlSTIOCOTTI'S,  748. 

vri'.  Spinous  dorsal  deeply  notched ;  sides  with  smooth  areas.    ItLKP8iAU,740. 
nu'.  (iill  membranes  united  to  the  isthnuis ;  ventrals  lonj;. 

w'.  First  dorsal  little  elevated,  its  base  scarcely  raised  above  occijiut. 

NAUTI8CU8,  7.'>0. 

Witt'.  First  dorsal  greatly  elevated,  its  base  raiseil  abruptly  front  the 
depressed  occiput.  Kauticiithys,761. 

liBMITRIPTBRINil-:: 

ijij.  Spinous  dorsal  longer  than  soft  part,  of  14  to  18  spines;  skin  rough,  with  prickles 
and  tubercles ;  teeth  on  vomer  and  palatines ;  gill  membranes  free  from  isthmus; 
no  slit  behind  last  gill. 

as'.  Spinous  dorsal  of  15  ajtines,  not  notched.  Uloa,  7.')2. 

■XX'.  Spiuous  dorsal  of  16  to  18  spines,  deeply  notched,  the  anterior  spines  liighttHt. 

HUMITUU'TBUUS,  753. 
SVNClIIRlNiE: 

hb.  Pectoral  tins  continuous  arounil  tlie  throat. 

J/'.  Back  witli  spinous  scales;  gill  membranes  free  from  isthmus ;  no  slit 
behind  last  gill;  teeth  on  vomer  and  palatines;  ]>reoperclo  with  a 
short  bifid  spine ;  ventrals  iiiHert«d  far  back.  Synchiucs,  754. 

AsCELirHTHYINiW: 

(la.  Ventral  fins  wholly  wanting.  Skin  perfectly  smooth;  no  slit  behind  fourth  gill; 
gill  membranes  free  from  isthmus ;  teeth  on  vomer  and  palatines. 

ASCELICHTHYS,  755. 
rsYCHROLDTIN.a5 : 

ir.  Spinous  dorsal  not  evident,  its  slender  spines  wholly  hidden  in  the  skin  or  else  indis- 
tinguishable from  soft  rays;  head  unarmed,  its  Imnes  hidden  in  lax  skin;  skin 
smooth;  no  slit  behind  last  gill;  gill  membranes  broadly  joined  to  the  isthmus; 
no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines ;  maxillary  covered  by  skiu  of  preorbital;  ventrals 
moderate  I,  3,  the  base  odnate  to  body. 


t         I 


I    ,1 

i   '      ii-" 


rv" 


rl:1 


1884         Bulletin  //,  United  Staks  National  Musciun. 

z'.  .SpiuoiiH  (lorflftl  wholly  hiddoii  in  tbo  Hklii;  boiioH  of  head  not  ;;ri>ntly  rnrcrnoiiH: 
lowi'r.jitw  U'Bl>tO**)*li  l'>*  rami  widely  Hppariitcd.  rHVciiKOKUTKH.  T.'iti. 

zi'.  SpiuoiiH  dorHiil  vvidcnt,  tho  mvIuuh  not  wliiilly  hidden;  Ixiuutt  oC  huud  cuvcrn- 
uusi  lower  Juw  luu;;,  U->*'>UI>*>*1<  't**  I'D"'!  uiiproxiiuiito  ut  baau. 

UlLUKUTlNA,  757. 

703.  JORDANIA,  StiiikB. 

Jonlania,  Staukh,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nut.  8<'i.  i'hilii.  1805, 41U  {zuiwjie). 

Itudy  elongate,  not  greatly  t-omprettBod ;  head  iiiodorato,  partly  Hcalud, 
with  dermal  ilaps  above;  uioiitU  moderate,  Avith  buiulH  of  villiibrm  teetli 
on  JawB,  A'omer,  and  ))alatineH;  body  above  lateral  Hue  closely  coven;il 
with  Htroiigly  ctenoid  Hcaleu;  lower  half  <»f  body  with  plate-like  t'oh\n  of 
akin,  rnnning  obliquely  downward  and  backward  from  lateral  line  to 
within  a  Hhort  distance  of  anal  iin,  the  posterior  edge  of  each  fold  iinol.v 
and  Hhari)ly  Bfrrate;  gill  nieuibrancs  united,  free  from  isthmus;  a  slit 
behind  last  gill  arch.  Three  prcoperciilar  spines,  only  the  middle  one  well 
developed.  8])inons  dorsal  with  a  very  long  base,  of  about  17  spincH, 
longer  than  the  soft  dorsal;  anal  long;  ventralsl,  5,  inserted  much  behind 
pectorals.  Vertebra-  10  +  36  =  4(5.  One  species;  in  waters  of  moderate 
depth;  a  Hingnlar  gt'uus,  approximating  the  Uvxafirammidw.  (''I  take 
great  ]deasure  in  naming  this  remarkable  genus  for  my  teacher  in  ichthy- 
ology, David  Starr  Jordan,"    8tarks.) 


m^ 


2207.  JORDAMA  ZONOPK,  StnrkH. 

Head  3^;  depth  5^.  D.  XVII,  15;  A.  22;  pores  in  lateral  lino  50;  orbit 
3|  in  head;  maxillary  3j^;  longest  dorsal  spinel^;  longest  dorsal  ray  2'; 
'longest  anal  ray  2^;  length  of  ventrals  1|;  pectorals  \  longer  than  head; 
caudal  1^.  Body  rather  elongate,  comprfsssed  posteriorly,  not  much,  if 
any,  anteriorly ;  the  back  not  elevated;  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  almost 
straight  from  head  to  caudal  peduncle;  head  not  large,  proiile  from  front 
of  dorsal  to  eyes  nearly  horizontal  and  straight,  then  abruptly  turning' 
steeply  downward  to  end  of  snout;  lower  profile  gently  curved  from  chiu 
to  ventral  fins;  mouth  small,  the  maxillary  not  reaching  the  vertical  from 
front  of  orbit;  jaws  about  equal,  or  the  lower  slightly  projecting;  teetli 
in  villiform  bands  on  jaws,  vomoi,  and  palatines;  eyes  large,  set  high  in 
head,  a  little  shorter  than  snout ;  interorbital  space  deeply  concave,  ^  :is 
wide  as  eye;  a  slip  of  skin,  \  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  eye,  over  tlic 
anterior  edge  of  each  eye,  and  a  longer  one  over  the  posterior  edge;  a  ffw 
minute  fleshy  slips  on  nape ;  nasal  spines  loug  and  sharp,  somewhat  curved 
back;  spine  on  preopercle  simple,  hooked  up,  a  minute  spine  above  it  and 
a  blunt  spine  below;  posterior  end  of  opercle  prominent,  forming  a  blnnl 
spine ;  opercle  produced  posteriorly  in  a  flap,  which  lies  in  a  shallow  groove 
in  the  shoulder  girdle;  no  opercular  spine;  gill  membranes  united,  but 
not  joined  to  the  isthmus ;  s,  distinct  slit  behind  fourth  gill  arch ;  brandii- 
ostegals  5.  Top  of  head  to  middle  of  eyes,  opercles,  and  upper  part  of 
preopercles  closely  covered  with  small  rough  scales,  head  otherwise 
naked;  body  above  lateral  line  completely  covered  with  ctenoid  scales, 


I"  f  f 


Jordan  and  FA'crniann. — Fisfus  of  North  America.     1885 


!iiit  very  rflgulnr  in  hIzo,  amingod  in  about  ()7  Horios;  lower  halt'  of  lio«ly 
I'ovurod  to  within  a  nliort  tlistaiicu  of  unul  with  about  50  obliquu  platu- 
iiko  foblH  of  skin,  tlwi  posterior  nd^t^s  of  which  are  tiiiely  and  sharytly  Hnr- 
liito,  the  pores  of  lateral  line  situated  in  the  upper  end  of  these  folds; 
pectoral  base,  bully,  and  a  narrow  space  alonj;  base  of  anal  naked;  (ins, 
with  the  exception  of  pectoral,  which  has  a  few  rough  scales  on  the  rays, 
naked.  Dorsal  H])iues  slender,  the  tirst  one  inserted  in  advance  of  pectoral 
liase,  directly  over  tlie  upper  end  of  gill  opening,  the  lin  somewhat  rounded 
in  outline,  the  spines  not  Taryiiig  greatly  in  length,  with  the  exception  of 
•J  or  3  on  each  side;  soft  dorsal  a  little  lower  than  spinous,  the  rays  sub- 
('(|ual,  its  base  a  little  shorter  than  the  base  of  lirst  dorsal,  and  slightly 
longer  than  the  length  of  head ;  ventral  tins  long,  inserted  well  backward, 
tiie  base  nearly  \f  a  head's  length  bebii  pectorals,  their  tips  reaching 
)iast  front  of  anal  flu,  their  length  e<|ual  to  the  distance  from  snout  fo 
( ilgeof  preopercle;  the  ptibio  bono  very  prominent ;  pectoral  tins  long  and 
curved  upward,  the  middle  rays  tln^  longiist,  reaching  past  tips  of  von- 
trals  and  front  of  anal  to  the  space  Itotween  dorsals,  the  ends  of  lower 
r.'iys  ira%  the  width  of  the  tin  at  its  base  contained  3  times  in  length  of 
head;  caudal  roumbMl.  Color  in  spirits,  blackish,  with  traces  of  4  or  5 
darker  cross  bars  on  back;  sides  below  lateral  lino  mottled,  faint  da^h 
spots  along  lateral  line,  more  conspicuous  posteriorly;  a  dark  bar  ^  as 
wide  as  eye,  running  from  eye  downward  across  check  to  anterior  end  of 
intoropercle,  bordered  on  each  side  by  a  liglit  streak,  a  similarly  bordered 
liar  running  across  top  of  head,  slightly  turning  around  posterior  margin 
of  orbit,  down  vard  along  margin  of  i>reopt!rcle,  and  ending  on  posterior 
ou<l  of  intoropercle;  snout  abrui>tly  black,  lips  dark;  tins  all  dark  and 
slightly  mottled;  tips  of  ventral,  anal,  and  caudal  rays  a  little  lighter; 
caudal  an«l  pectoral  dark  at  base;  slips  on  top  of  head  black;  l)elly  very 
liiiely  dusted  with  minute  dark  points.  Puget  Sound,  in  \  to  8  fathoms; 
types,  3  specimens  taken  in  channel  rocks  at  Point  Orchard,  near  Seattle, 
the  largest  4  inches  in  length.  The  life  colors  of  this  brilliant  species 
wore  not  taken.  There  is  in  life  much  red  on  the  lateral  plates  and  else- 
where on  the  body  and  fins,  which  disajipears  at  once  in  alcohol.  (J^wvtf, 
zone;  oitr},  window,  from  tlie  banded  eye.) 

Jiifdania  zonope,  STAiiKS,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1895, 410,  Point  Orchard,  Puget  Sound 
(Type,  No.  3124,  L..S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mu.s.  Coll.  Maudo  Parker  and  Adam  llublmrd);  Jou- 
DAM  &.  STAUK8,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 802,  pi.  79. 


704.  PARICELINUS,  Eigenmann  &  Eigonmann. 

I'lirictlinvit,   EiciENMANN    &.  Eigenmann,  West  American  Scientiat,   Nov.  9,  1889,  131 
{ltu2>litiCHS) . 

Ventral  I,  5.  Spinous  dorsal  well  develo])ed;  gills  3J,  no  slit  behind  the 
l;iHt;  vomer  and  palate  with  teeth.  Gill  membranes  (probably)  forming  a 
fold  across  the  isthmus.  Sides  covered  with  stitf,  villiform  prickles;  a 
series  of  large  idates,  each  ending  in  a  large  recurved  spine,  along  the 
l>iises  of  the  dorsals.  Head  well  armed,  the  occiput,  preoperchi,  suborbi- 
tal stay,  preorbital,  and  part  of  the  supraorbital  with  spines;  uasal  spines 


•.,.i-. 


-■Piitn^wi  »  mjiui-iwj!|.ii  j 


I^     '\ 


18H(l  Ihillctin  .(.y ,  United  Slates  A\itional  Afnsfufn. 

linmont;  chin  with  2  liitrhols.  ItiuiioliiimtuKnlH  (S.  8uft  dnrHiil  aii<l  ainil 
long.  Au  ini|torfuctly  l<nown  ((ontiH,  rvi«l«>ntly  allioil  io  JonUiiiUt,  ioxiuA 
in  I'uthur  do«p  water  in  Calilttrnia.     (itdfja,  nuar;  JnUmni,) 

iMH.  I'AKK  KM.M  S  IIOIMJTin  S,  Klt;«iiiimnii  ic  Kltftminuini. 

Iloadl;  tlupthft^.  ]).  XII,  lit;  A.  l':t.  Mudy  olonKuto,Hu)icyiln<lrlcn1  foi- 
wurd,  Honiuwiiat  foniproHHfil  lirhincl;  rngiou  1)otw«'en  tlorsal  aruiatnru  lint 
Mnoiit  puintt'd.  Kyo  larj^t^  olovatod,  I  in  Hnoiit,  :tj  in  head.  Inturorltitnl 
i'0(;iun  with  a  duep  inediau  groove  aud  2  shallowur  grooves,  its  width  Ionm 
than  dinmuter  of  pu])il.  IJppur  jioHturior  portion  of  orl)it  strongly  h«i- 
rato.  Posterior  margin  of  prvorltital  Horratu.  Bnborldtal  stay  with  'J 
Htrong  npward  directud  spincH  htdiind  the  oyo.  Top  of  hen<l  dupressod, 
a  series  of  1^  spiu«>s  on  either  sido,  the  posterior  2  removed  from  tin 
anterior  ont^  2  small  spint-H  abovu  poBt«-rior  part  of  each  eye.  Moiitli 
large,  maxillary  reaching  to  below  ant«Tior  margin  of  pnpil,  :t|  in 
head.  Both  Jaws  with  liandH  of  teeth,  the  outward  anterior  ones 
recurved;  vomer  and  palatint's  witli  smaller  treth.  A  barbel  on  cither 
Hid(>  of  the  lower  jaw  about  as  long  as  pupil.  Origin  of  spinous  dor 
.nd  above  thi>  ])ost('rior  portion  of  the  operclo,  itH  cud  above  the  nri(;iii 
of  the  anal;  caudal  broad,  rounded;  ventralH  reaching  the  second  anal 
ray;  pectoral  very  broad,  reaching  the  lifth  anal  ray.  A  narrow  stripe 
along  base  of  anal  naked;  prickles  along  lateral  lino  enlarged,  formiuj^  J 
series  of  spinelets  along  its  .;nt«>rior  portion;  84  pairs  of  strong  recurveil 
spines  along  th«;  sides  of  the  back.  Sides  ashy  with  scattered  rusty  spots; 
a  Hcries  of  conspicuous  puri)le  spots  below  the  lateral  lino;  lower  Burfiicr 
white;  dorsal  and  caudal  marked  with  rusty  bars.  Cortez  Banks,  otf  San 
Diego,  California  (Eigenmaun);  not  seen  Ity  us.  Type,  a  single  well- 
preserved  specimen,  15  mm.  long,  from  the  stomach  of  Svhaatodva  IvHb,  from 
IS  fathoms.     {6it\tTix6i,  armed.) 

Parierliiiug  hoplitieus,  EiflENMANN  &  EioENMANN,  West  Anioricuu  Scioutist,  Nov.  0,  18*.i, 
131,  Cortez  Banks.    (Coll.  C.  H.  Eigeiuiiaun.) 

705.  ALCIDEA,  .Jordan  &  Evermann. 

Alcidea,  JORDAN  &.  EvERMANN,  now  jjenuH  (thobunu). 

Body  elongate,  with  slender  and  spinous  head.  Branchiostegal  mem- 
branes broadly  united,  free  from  the  isthmue.  Preopercular  spines  sim 
]de,  3  iu  number,  all  directed  downward;  a  distinct  slit  behind  last  gill 
arch.  Teeth  in  Jaws,  and  on  vomer  aud  palatines.  A  palmate  supra- 
orbital cirrus ;  others  present  on  preoporcle.  Nasal  spine  strong.  Body 
thickly  beset  with  short,  stiff,  villiform  prickles;  a  series  of  plates  aloni; 
each  side  of  base  of  dorsals,  bearing  each  a  strong  spine;  plates  of  lateral 
line  spinous.  Both  dorsals  and  anal  very  long;  caudal  rounded;  pectoraln 
with  the  lower  rays  simple,  exserted,  produced;  ventrals  broad,  I,  .">. 
Alcidea  differs  widely  from  Icclua  in  the  structure  of  its  ventrals  and  pec- 
torals, in  the  very  spinous  head,  and  in  the  nature  of  the  body  covering;. 
It  is,  however,  evidently  very  close  to  Parioelinus.    If  Dr.  Eigenmaun  s 


:'-.<>$:;' 


.Si-i;.6.,.„'i,'i  saatjioj,,  ■ 


Jordan  and  F.irrniann. — Fisfus  of  h\nth  America.      1887 

nccoiiiit  Ih  corr<M-t,  th«t  two  nIioiiM  bo  KOiiurically   \v^  w«>ll  iis  Hporillciilly, 
tliHtinct.    (iillMTt  obmTVfH: 

"(hir  HpiM'Imeii  nnciiiM  l>>  nitrtm  in  mowt  nf  iU  iliarAi-terH  with  Kigpnmann'ii  tyiMor 
VnrieAinui,  liut  illir<iri«  I'roin  IiIm  tli-Hcriptioii  In  u  nniiilxu'  of  tniixirtnut  n<H|H'ctii,  wliltii,  if 
nirrtH^tly  t{'^'<'»i  ^'onlil  Intlli  il«  h|i(icIIIi'  Hi'inirution  tor  oiir  H|ie<'lni<'ii.  Tim  litltiT  il<ir>t  not. 
poNMUHH  It  pull*  of  lonjf  liurlx'U  lit  llio  rlihi,  liiit  hiiH  oIIioi'm,  not  iiiitiitioiicil,  uliovo  t'ytt  iin<l 
aloiiK  niiii({lii  of  pi'(>up<M'<'l(<.  Tlio  Hiiliorliltiil  Hlay  iIoi'h  not  poiihomh  2  hIi'oii|{  iipwurilly 
(llt'iti't  Mplnt'N  ImiIiIihI  ityc,  Init  it  Im  tlilclily  licHut  wllli  ii  iiiiiiil)*<r  of  crowiluil  Niiiuller  Hpln''M. 
riit)  nittxlllary  Im  contnliifti  \\  IIiiium,  not  3J,  In  IkmiI.  A  dUtlnct  hIII  t'slHt*  iit'liinil  I'oiirlli 
::ill  iircli.  Tho  oi'it;iii  uf  Mio  HpliiouH  iIoi'muI  Im  iiI>ovo  nii(i<lli<  of  opitrcle,  not  ovi-r  itN  )mih- 
li'i'liir  portion  iim  Hlutcil  In  lliu  ilvacriplion.  Tlio  lownr  portion  of  pcrturitl  llii  hiiM  ItM  rttyM 
Mtry  niiii'li  iixHcrtud  iiikI  Nonicwiiat  proiluceil,  ii  point  not  ni(«ution«><l  liy  KlKonniunu." 

((lAxf),  tliu  <*lk,  from  th*^  proopurciilur  H])ioe;  ei6u%,  rcMuiiibliiiioe. ) 


Jov.  9,  188!i, 


UMi.  AI.MUKA  TIIOIirUM  (liilUort). 

Hoaa  31 ;  <b|>th  7;  «yo  Sj}  in  hoad;  Bnout  3^^.  D.  XIII,  U);  A.  23;  I".  15; 
V.  I,  5;  jtoreM  in  lutorul  lin<«  43  or  41;  branohioHto^alH  ((.  Mody  very 
slrndor  and  vb)ngatt>,  the  ventral  lino  Htraigbt,  the  denial  outline  duHeuiid- 
iiig  rapidly  forward  to  tho  Hleiider,  Hharp  snout,  and  decliniiii;  very  ({ontly 
backward  to  tbe  comparatively  short  and  compresaod  caudal  peduncle. 
Kody  bi^bcrit  at  tbe  Bbonlders,  compresHcd,  everywhere  deeper  tlian  wide; 
ieiiKth  of  caudal  peduncle  ^  itH  length  from  base  of  hint  dornal  ray.  Head 
narrow,  ita  greatest  width  eiiualing  its  depth,  its  prolilo  convex  above  the 
orl/ita.  Month  nearly  hori/.ontal,  the  maxillary  reaching  a  vortical  midway 
lictwceii  front  of  eye  and  froiit  of  pupil,  2}  in  head.  Teeth  cardiform,  in 
rather  broad  liands  on  Jawa,  v<»mer,  and  palutinoa.  Snout  slightly  greater 
than  length  of  eye.  Supraorbital  rim  greatly  elevated,  the  interorbital 
H]iace  a  deep  narrow  groove,  with  a  pair  of  low,  rounded,  Icngthwiae  ridges 
along  ita  floor;  interorbital  width  3,\  in  diameter  of  orbit;  anterior  half  of 
Hiipraorbital  rim  snuxtth,  posteriorly  besot  with  crowded  clusters  of  short, 
strong  spinea,  occupying  the  upper  posterior  quadrant  of  the  orbital  rim; 
ii  of  tlieso  spines,  somewhat  larger  than  the  others,  lie  1  on  either  side,  the 
otlier  in  front  of  the  supraorbital  cirrus;  upper  margin  of  suborbital  stay 
coiitinnous  with  that  of  preorbital,  elevated  to  form  u  thin  knife-like 
crest,  which  !»  irregularly  serrate  with  abort  spinoua  teeth,  the  anterior 
tlio  largeat;  between  thia  ridgo  and  the  eye  lies  a  deep,  narrow  groove;  ii 
strong  ])oatocular  apine  directed  backward,  followed  after  an  iutervul  by 
2  similar  apines  on  occiput,  the  2  series  thus  formed  diverging  backward ; 
nasal  spinea  very  atrongly  developed;  upper  edge  of  the  postero-temporal 
minutely  serrated;  in  advance  of  this  a  series  of  3  apines,  parallel  with 
t)iu  occipital  series,  tho  posterior  one  remote  froiu  the  two  anterior;  oper- 
cle  iiiuirmed;  proopercle  with  3  simple,  str>^  .g  spines  directed  backward, 
the  middle  one  on  a  line  with  suborbital  stay  and  slightly  tbe  longest,  its 
length  f  diameter  of  pupil.  Branchiostegal  membranes  broadly  united, 
iVeo  from  tho  isthmus  for  its  entire  width.  Gilla  3|,  a  distinct  and  com- 
paratively long  alit  behind  the  fourth  arch;  gill  rakers  undeveloped, 
tubercular.  Body  covered  with  alender,  short,  villiform  i)rickle8,  which 
ieiive  only  a  very  narrow  naked  strip  along  base  of  anal,  and  continuous 
over  the  dorsal  series  of  plates,  reaching  the  base  of  the  dorsal  flus;  a  uar- 


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1888 


riulhtiu  ./7,  ^  '///Av/  States  National  I\fiisnttn. 


rtiw  bnnd  of  prtcklni  in  nxi]  of  portnrulH,  IioIiIikI  IIiIh  u  wiitn  naked  nifii 
(t\t«Mi<llii){  iluwiiwuril  iiikI  liiiikwiiril  to  l>«hiiiil  huHn  oC  veiitralH,  tli«-  :.' 
uruiiH  Hopuiutod  hy  n  iiitn-ow  inuaiul  Itund  of  |irlrkluH  on  Indly  ;  niinilur 
prii'kluH  i'ovui  rontiniioiihly  tlio  o<;i'i|Mit,  tlio  oprrcleH,  and  tlir  |iortioii  ol' 
rli<>«d<H  and  prvopitrcli*^  wliicli  lio  aluivo  Hnhorldtal  Htay;  a  narrow  !un((tli- 
\\\m\  liiind  of  prirkluH  on  chrrk  lii>!ow  Hiiltorldtal  Htay,  thn  lowor  iiido  i>t 
licad  lo^rctliorwith  Hiioiit  anil  intcorldtal  region  otherwiHn  nakiul;  nNoriim 
of  ;il  broad  platoH  ulon>{«'arh  nidoof  dorHnI  llnM,  «txt»nding  from  the  inipit  to 
tlio  niiddloof  caiulal  podnm-lo;  tiarh  plato  tranHvcrHoly  nn|;ulati>d,  Ww  outer 
half  diroctud  outwai'd  and  downward,  tlio  inner  luilf  nearly  liori/on- 
tal  inward,  iliv  an^l««  Ituarin^;  a  very  Htron){,  ronipr«^HR«-d.,  Itackwiirdly 
lio«ikod  Hpino;  tin*  dotHal  liiiH  tlinH  ocmity  tln>  niid«lloof  a  tint dorHal  Htrip, 
Itonndrd  l»y  tlir  L'Horii'Hof  HpinoH;  a  niiniltur  of  nilarK«td  Hpiii«-likr  ]trirk]«>.s 
accohi|>uny  Mio  lateral  linu,  oacli  )Miro  of  wliicli  lies  in  tlio  axil  of  ono  Hnrli ; 
anteriorly,  tlwHu  prickluH  nro  arranged  Honiowlint  d«>linituly  in  pairn,  1'  to 
each  pore,  l>.it  tluH  arran^feniont  Ih  lost  ponteriorly ;  a  norioB  of  enlarged 
prickles  is  placed  convexly  at  base  of  cAndal  tin;  the  upper  nntnodiliod 
rayH  of  tlio  pectoral  iln,  and  all  rayH  of  dorsal  and  caudal  ilns,  accompa- 
nied by  series  of  ])rickleH;  other  tins  and  thickonetl  pectoral  rayHsmootli. 
Itody  without  filuiuents.  No  barbels  at  chin  nor  on  nnindiblu  elsowhere. 
A  Hlonder  tentacle,  palmated  at  tip,  above  posterior  portion  of  <»rbit,  its 
length  slightly  less  than  diameter  of  pu|dl.  A  slcniler  braurhod  teutarlr 
near  base  of  middle  and  lowernioHt  ])reopercnlar  spincH,  and  a  simple  one 
at  an  eiiual  distance  below  thum;  a  similar  1>roadIy  jHiInuvted  tentacle  on 
cheek,  behind  end  of  nnixillavy,  lost  on  1  side  in  our  specimen,  but  the 
scar  ap])arent.  Dorsal  lins  separate,  the  membrane  from  last  spine  Join- 
ing base  of  tirst  soft  ray ;  spines  Vi^y  slender,  the  sixth  the  longest,  2j^  in 
head,  very  slightly  shorter  than  the  soft  rays;  base  of  B])inons  dorsal  H  i» 
head,  of  soft  dorsal  2j(  in  length  of  head  and  body;  front  of  anal  under 
twelfth  dorsal  spine,  the  longest  ruy  A  head,  the  length  >  i  the  base  slightly 
less  than  \  head  and  body;  candal  rounded,  lj(  in  head;  the  lower  (>  pe(;- 
toral  rays  simple,  thickened,  oxserted,  the  membranes  very  deeply  incised, 
the  upper  3  longer  than  the  brancdied  rnys  above,  the  longest  extending 
to  opposite  tifth  anal  ray;  vcntrals  broad,  tln^  inner  rays  shorter  than  tlni 
outer,  which  extend  to  opposite  second  anal  ray.  Color  in  life,  light 
olivaceous,  with  4  brown  cross  bands,  1  nnder  spinous  dorsal,  3  under  soil 
dorsal;  a  series  of  9  roundish  dusky  spots  along  middle  of  sides  bolow 
Ictoral  lino;  back  and  sides  with  snwill  golden  spots  and  streaks;  a  dis- 
tinct series  of  round  blue  spots  above  lateral  lino,  and  soui  /  Bcattoreil 
bine  spots  and  blotches  on  back  and  head ;  iris  green  and  dusky;  spinous 
dorsal  light  green,  crossed  by  narrow  yellow  lines;  soft  dorsal  translu- 
cent, shaded  with  reddish  and  bluish;  vcntrals  translucent,  posteriorly 
greenish,  with  white  pigment;  pectorals  translucent,  tlie  rays  crossed  witli 
reddish  and  greenish  bars,  which  are  littlo  conspicuous;  supraorbital  cir- 
rus green;  preopercnlar  cirri  white.  Coast  of  Oregon  (Gilbert);  1  speci- 
men, 105  mm.  long,  dredged  in  75  fathoms.  (Named  for  Dr.  Wilbur  Wilson 
Thoburn,  in  recognition  of  his  work  on  the  Cottidai.) 

J'aricelinu*  thohurni,  GiLDERT,  Kept.  I'.  S.  Fi«li  Conini.  1803(1890),  432,  pi.  30,  coast  ot 
Oregon,  in  75  fathoms,  at  Albatross  Station  3350.    (Coll.  Gilbert.) 


Jot  dun  ami  /Cvtrmauu, — Fishrs  0/  North  Ametica,     IHMO 


706.  aCORP/RNICHTHYS,  (ilninl. 
(Cahk/onkk.) 

,s,nrpirttirhlhy»,  (iiiiAiin.  I'l Ac.  Niil.S«'i.  I'lilla.  ISM,  \'M  (marmorntiM). 

II(>«ly  rutlirr  robiiNi,  oovrroil  with  hiihioIIi,  tliick  nklii.  Ilmd  Iiiruo, 
KDiiiowlint  foiMprt'HMuil,  itH  ii]))t(^r  Niirfaoc  ni^oiiis  iiioutli  rutlirr  1ui'k<\  >vitli 
villiforiii  tortli  on  JiiwH,  voiiuM',  iiml  pHlutiiiiiM;  k'iII  inciiiliriin««H  liroiitlly 
iiiiitnl,  IriMf  !'roiii  tlu^  iHtliiiiiiH;  n  lurf{o  nlit  iMtliiiid  I'xiirtli  ^ill ;  ]>r«n|H^r- 
I'liliir  Mpiiit'H  Hiiiall,  Hinipln;  HpiiioiiH  ilormil  loii^,  Ncan'nly  oniiirttiimtf,  iMit 
Hli^litly  «I<i|»ri'HNeil  nniir  itH  inidilln,  tlio  iliHt  I  Hpiiit'H  Hhortor  than  thonn 
iiiiiiii>diat<*ly  following;  v«>ntral  lliiHliir^o,  r,r».  Si/«  hii'K«.  I'arltic,  On'iin. 
A  uiUI-innrlvrtl  ((«>nnH  tliHtin^iiiithrtl  I'roni  itH  nllii-H  liy  itH  porfuot  vontrnlH. 
(uuiifiitiog,  6Hn)jnittvix,  Srorpa'Ma;  /^^r?,  Ilsh.) 

t'r,\h  MOKIMlMniTIIVN  MAUMOUiTI  M  (Ayn^N). 

(C'AIIK/ON.) 

Ilottd  LT,;  depth  3< ;  eyo  5i.  I).  XI,  18;  A.  12;  P.  If.;  V.  I,  5;  lateral 
liiioH  (porcB)  W);  1'.  IJ;  C.  Ijj;  vcrtoltra"  IS-f-iil  ^^IMJ.  Top  uf  liuad  rugoHo, 
\N  itliont  HpiiX'H;  interorbitu!  Npacn  cuncavo,  nnrrowflr  than  thi^  largo  eye; 
;i  lUmhy  tlap  on  middle  of  Huoiit,  and  1  on  end  of  maxillary;  Hnpercilinry 
cirri  lar^'e;  more  than  ^  dianit'tur  of  orbit,  laciniate;  up)>er  preoporcnlar 
H|iine  Hhort,  Htraight,  about  ^  diameter  of  eye;  Hnborbital  Htay  very  broad; 
iiiiixillary  fxtondin;;  to  beyond  eye.  KirHt  4  Hpiut's  of  durHal  Hnbeqiial, 
HliorttT  than  the  lit'tb;  dorsal  Huh  Hcarrely  connected  at  bane;  )>oct<»ralH 
shortish,  not  reaching  anal;  nkiu  thick  and  leathery,  without  prickleH  or 
cirri.  Larval  Hpccimenn  1  to  2  inchoH  lon){  are  smooth,  silvery,  and  coni- 
IHcsaed,  looking  quite  unlike  the  adult,  the  number  of  ventral  rayH  readily 
ilistin):;iiiHhing  them  from  other  young  Hculpins.  Olive  brown,  thickly 
iiKittlod  with  dark  blotchoH  and  light  spots,  and  reticulated  with  different 
sliudos  of  green  and  brown ;  sides  with  5  irrcgnlar,  dark,  vortical  blotches, 
of  which  2  are  under  each  dornal  and  ext«nd  on  the  tins ;  belly  livid  Iduish 
or  ;;reon,  reticulated  with  olive;  the  ground  color  exceedingly  variable, 
running  from  cherry  red  to  green;  lips  blotched  with  white;  llns  all  more 
or  less  barred;  lleHli  and  membraneH  livid  bluish,  th<^  coloration  of  the 
iIchIi  variable,  like  that  of  Ophiodon  clonfiatiis.  Length  HO  inches.  Hero 
(IcHcribcd  from  a  specimen  10  inches  in  length,  from  San  Francisco.  Puget 
Sound  to  San  Diego;  very  abundant;  used  for  food,  but  coarse  and  tough. 
'I'lm  largest  of  the  Cotfido;  reaching  a  weight  of  20  to  2r>  pounds.  Com- 
mon ill  the  markets,  but  not  esteemed  as  food,     {mattnoratiis,  marbled.) 

Ilriiiitripterut  marmoratus,  AvnKS,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1854, 4,  San  Francisco ;  Qirard,  TT. 
S.  I'nc.  U.K.  Surv.,  FisboH,  x,  04, 1858;  GOntheb,  Cat.,  Ii,  154, 1800;  Johdan  &  Un.UERT, 
.Synopsis,  710, 1883. 

707.  CHITONOTUS,  Lockington. 

ciiltnnotui,  LocKiNOTON,  Proc.  U. S.  Nat. Miis.  1881, 141  (megacephaUiM). 

I'lody  <'longate,  its  upper  part,  except  along  base  of  dorsal,  »,.»vored  with 
Miiall,  very  rough  scales;  preoporclu  with  u  long  spine  armed  with  3 


I 


1890         Bulleiin  .;/,  United  States  National  Museum. 

autler-like  processes  ubove.  Aual  papilla  of  male  exoesflively  dovul- 
oped,  with  a  tubular  filament.  First  dornal  divided  iuto  2  portions,  tlic 
aiiteric-  ttie  nhortor,  its  front  spine  elevated.  Lateral  line  armed  with  ii 
Hories  of  keeled  scales,  tootbed  on  the  keel  and  on  hinder  mar*;in.  Otlx  v 
chai  ictors  as  in  Arivdim,  the  body  more  slender,  and  the  scales  roughei. 
{X^tibv,  chiton,  a  tunic;  v(bToe„  back.) 


Ui 


%' 


2371.  rHITO!VOTi;s  PUGKTENSIS  (Steindachner). 

Head  .3;  depth  5.  D.  ITI-VII,15;  A.  14;  eye  3^  in  head;  maxillary  2; 
first  dorsal  spine  IJ;  pectorals  1*;  ventrals  IJ;  caudal  IJ.  Body  mod- 
erately slender,  robust  anteriorly,  tapering  into  a  slender  caudal  pt*- 
duncle;  month  large,  maxillary  reaching  to  below  posterior  margin  nf 
pupil;  teeth  in  narrow  villiform  bands  oii  JawH,  vomer,  and  palatines;  2 
pairs  ot  small  spines  just  back  «»f  eyes,  and  a  pair  at  occiput;  nasal  spines 
moderate;  preoperelo  with  a  large  process  with  3  upward-directed  spines, 
and  ending  in  1  horizontal  one;  15  spines  below  it,  the  upper  one  dir«M'ti  d 
backward-downward,  the  2  lower  ones  forward-downward;  intororbit.il 
space  very  narrow,  h'ss  than  \  of  pupil.  Top  of  head  to  in  front  of  eys 
closely  sealed  with  strongly  ctenoid  scales ;  a  row  of  (|uadrat«  plates  alonj; 
lateral  line,  their  upper  and  posterior  edges  strongly  serrate,  lower 
and  anterior  edges  embedded,  iibovo  these  th j  Itsick  evenly  covered  wifli  a 
belt  of  i'tenoid  scales  in  .5  or  6  series;  a  nar.ow  space  below  dorsal;  lutdy 
below  lateral  line  naked.  First  dorsal  spino  elongate,  reaching  t«»  tlie 
base  of  the  next  to  tin*  last  spine,  its  length  <inite  variabh',  the  iirsi  3 
spines  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  (in  by  a  deep  notch,  the  third  spine 
shorter  than  the  fourth;  pectorals  reaching  past  front  of  anal;  ventrals 
long  and  slcTider,  inserted  slightly  behind  base  of  pe(!toral,  their  tips 
scarcely  reaching  to  vent.  Color  pale  olivacecnis,  with  indicatiinis  of 
dark  ;"<)ss  bars  above ;  lower  parts  white;  pectoral,  dorsal,  and  caudiil 
with  dari:  cross  bars;  viMitrals  and  anal  white;  tip  of  snont  dark;  a  dark 
blotch  at  base  of  caudal.  Length  6  inches.  Puget  Hound  to  J?au  Fran- 
cisco; not  rar<^  in  waters  of  moderate  depth.  Here  described  from  a  spec- 
imen from  Puget  Soun«l,  4  inches  in  length.  Sptuimens  from  oft"  San 
Francisco  {mef/accphalus*)  have  the  first  dorsal  spine  usually  higher,  the 

*  The  Ibllowing  is  a  description  of  a  8]ieoinien  from  oil'  Point  Royea,  typical  of  Ghito- 
notiu  megacephalus.  Head  2J ;  depth  5J.  D.  IlI-VII,  15;  A.  15;  V.  I,  3;  Bcales  38.  Itci.ly 
fusiform;  liead  long;  eyes  large,  separated  by  a  very  narrow,  slightly  concave  inter- 
orbital  space;  mouth  large,  the  maxilhiry  extending  to"posterior  border  of  eve;  preoiHMclo 
witii  a  strong  process  armed  with  3  or  4  upward-directed  and  1  horizontal  point;  belcjw 
this  3  other  spines;  2  or  3  spines  close  behind  eye  on  each  side;  2  occipital  ridges,  cudiu^^ 
in  spines,  the  space  between  them  concave;  ton  of  head,  int«rocular  space,  snimt,  ap|*r 
part  of  opercle,  and  a  narrow  belt  close  under  tiie  eye  covered  with  rough  scales;  lateral 
line  with  a  series  of  (juadrate  plates,  their  upper  arid  posterior  edges  strongly  serrate,  i  he 
lower  and  anterior  edges  embeddcid:  .■•bove  these  the  back  evenly  covered  with  siiiiillir 
scales,  the  lower  and  anterior  part  of  each  scale  embedded,  and  tlie  Tii)per  edge  stroTiiil.v 
toothed;  5  to  8  rows  of  these  scales;  a  narrow  nrike<l  area  at  base  of  dorsal.  I>(prsal 
s]iines  slender,  the  tirst  usually  louuer  than  head,  reaching  past  front  of  soft  dorsal  wlieii 
depressed;  the  second  and  third  spnies  i)rogro8sively  shortened ;  the  fourth  higher  fliaii 
third,  the  membrane  between  third  and  fourth  deeply  emarginate;  second  dorsal  hi;:li; 
pectorals  reaching  i)ast  front  of  anal ;  ventri'ls  to  vent;  anal  papilla  very  largo;  no  cdu- 
spicuous  cirri.  Color  pale  olivaceous  with  darker  cross  bars;  tins  in  the  male  blacKi'-li ; 
ventrals  and  anal  whitish,  unmarked ;  eye  dusky  above.  Length  6  inches.  Otf  smi 
Francisco,  in  deep  water;  takeu  iu  swe  p  nets  (parramelle)  otf  i)rake  Bay  and  I'oiut 
Seyea. 


Jordan  and  F.vermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1891 

Itody  moTfl  Blonder.    Tli(;s«(  clmractors  aro  variablo,  and  sp*!ciiiiuus  from 
tlio  Oregon  const  sliow  varioiiH  intcrnradatioim. 

Artediui  pugetenna,  Stkindachnei,  Iclitli.  Doitriiee,  v,  133.  pi.  14,  fl^;:.  2,  1876,  Puget 
Sound,  Fox  Island  near  Steilacocm,  Port  Towns^nd,  and  San  Francisco.  (Cull. 
Steliidaclinor.)  * 

ciiitonotus  tnegaeephttlui,  Lookinoton,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1881, 141,  off  San  Francisco. 
(Coll.  W.  N.  LcMkiiifctdii.) 

I,>'l;:ipugetenn$,  JoKDAN  &  (ill.nERT,  Synopsis,  692,  1883. 

I,,lii$ megaeephalim,  .Toudan  &.  (lii^iiKUT,  Synopsis,  692,  1883. 

Vltilonutita pwyetensi*,  Jordan  &,  Starks,  rroc.  Ciil.  Ac.  Sc!  1805, 805. 

708.  TARANDICHTHYS,  Jordan  &  Evermann. 

laiandiehthyt,  Jobdan  &  Everjiann,  Proc. Cal.  Ac. Sol.  1896, 225  (filamcntosui). 

Tliis  genus  is  close  to  Icdinus,  from  ■which  it  differs  ir  the  presence  of 
bony  plates  behind  the  axil,  and  in  having  1  or  more  of  the  dorsal  spines 
produced  in  filaments,  these  sp<M'ially  developed  in  the  male.  Three  or  4 
nreopereular  spines,  the  upper  one  strong  and  widely  branched.  The  dorsal 
Itaud  of  plates  is  less  complete  than  in  fcelinua.  Doe]»  water  of  the  North 
Pacific.    (rdpavSoi,  reindeer,  from  the  antler-like  spines;  tx^vi,  fish.) 

a.  Occipnt  with  a  pit-liko  depression ;  nasal,  2  postocular,  and  orcipital  spines,  strongly 
developed;  first  2  dorsal  spines  flliimcntuus  in  the  male;  postaxillary  platens 
present :  dorsal  series  ot'  plates  scarcely  reaching  end  of  soft  dorsal. 

cavifron's,  2272. 
aa.  Occipnt  with  no  pit-liico  depression. 

b.  First  2  dorsal  spines  filamentous,  about  eqnally  produced ;  dorsal  series  of 

plates  much  longer  than  head,  rcacliing  end  of  soft  dorsal ;  postaxillary 

plates  present ;  nasal  filament  ]>re8ent.  filamentosus,  2273. 

bh.  First  dorsal  spine  filamentous,  the  second  little,  if  at  all,  produced;  dorsal 

series  of  plates  usually  shorter  than  head,  not  reaching  middle  of  soft 

dorsal;  no  nasal  filament;  postaxillary  plates  present.  tenuis,  2?74. 


2272.  TARANDICHTHYS  fAVIFEONS  (Gilbert). 

Head  2|  to  3 ;  depth  4i ;  eye  3i  in  head ;  snout  3^.  D.  X,  14  or  15 ;  A.  12 
or  13;  lateral  line  38.  Body  not  slender;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  about 
i  its  length.  Month  small ;  maxillary  reaching  but  little  beyond  front  of 
pupil,  2|  to  3  in  head ;  interorbital  space  narrow,  groove-like,  its  width 
I  diameter  of  pupil ;  nasal  spines  very  strong,  more  than  i  width  of  pupil, 
without  filament;  supraorbital  ridge  ending  abov<^  posterior  margin  of 
orbit  in  a  strong  spine  as  large  as  that  on  nasal  bone;  by  the  sid(t  of  this, 
liihind  the  eye,  another  equalh/  stro/ig;  behind  these  spines  thc^  outline  is 
Hiiddenly  broken  by  a.  deep  circular  pit,  as  large  as  pupil,  bounded  later- 
ally and  posteriorly  by  the  short  occipital  ridges;  occipital  S]>ines  strong; 
Hii])ruorbital  flap  well  develop(;d ;  no  other  conspicuous  filaments  in  our 
specimens;  upper  preopercular  spine  strong,  J  diameter  of  orbit,  with  1 
process  directed  backward  and  3  to  5  upward,  the  usual  3  spines  below 
this ;  a  spinous  point  at  low4tr  angle  of  subopercle,  and  a  short  spine  on 

*  "  Kommt  in  sehr  grosser  Mengo  im  Puget  .Sundo  bei  der  Fox  Insel,  niichst  Steilacoom, 
Ix'i  Port  Townsend,  viel  seltener  bei  San  Fronciaoo  vor  and  laicht  iu  October  an  seichteu 
saudigen  Uberstellun,"    (Steiudaclmer). 


isgfm 


ammim 


-^^gmB^mBOBBS^ 


iV 

II 

11 

'1 

;  i  .    « 


1892  nnUctin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


ahonlder.  Dorsal  soricn  of  scalos  rather  nhort,  loiifrer  than  head,  c::t<>n<l- 
iiig  from  oppnsito  fifth  dorsal  spino  to  bosci  of  third  to  liint  ray  of  soft  dor- 
sal, this  st'dcs  usually  becoming  single  for  a  short  distance  poatoriorly, 
and  containing  about  19  in  a  series ;  a  few  scattered  HpinouH  plates  behiiul 
axil  of  pi^otorals;  the  2  anterior  dorsal  spint^s  filamentous  in  males,  iiot 
elevated  in  females,  in  our  si)ecimen8  extending,  when  elevated,  to  mid- 
dle of  soft  dorsal.  Ground  color  varying  witli  surroundings  from  oliv.i- 
ceous  to  bright  coral  red;  a  broad  black  bar  below  eye,  and  4  across  biiik ; 
1  under  spinous  dorsal,  2  under  soft  dorsal,  and  1  acroHs  caudal  peduncle; 
J»elly  white,  the  dark  bars  encroaching  on  region  below  lateral  line;  malfs 
darker  than  females,  with  black  punctulations  covering  sides  and  below ; 
the  branchio8tegal  meinbrancH,  the  lower  J  of  pectorals,  the  ventrals,  and 
anal  black;  spinous  dorsal  irregularly  blotched  or  mottled  with  black; 
soft  dorsal,  caudal,  and  terminal  ])ortion  of  pectorals  (in  femalcH)  with 
dark  cross  bars.  Length  3^^  inches.  Coast  of  southern  California;  nu- 
merous specimens  obtained  by  the  A Ibatrosa  in  44  and  30  fathoms.  (Gilbert. ) 
(cavu8,  ooncavu;  frons,  forehead.) 

leelinua  eavi/ron$,  6n  uekt,  Proc.  17.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1800, 83,  ofT  Santa  Barbara  Islands,  at 
Albatross  Stations  3907  and  3945,  in  44  and  30  tathoms.    (T3rpe  No.  44405.) 

2278.  TABANDICHTHT8  FIL ».MEJJT08US  (Gilbert). 

Head  2?;  depth  4^  to  4J;  eye  4$  in  liead.  D.  X-16  or  17;  A.  14  or  15. 
Body  shaped  as  in  Icdinua  quadriaenatue,  but  heavier;  caudal  peduiicit' 
f  diameter  of  orbit;  mouth  small,  maxillary  not  reaching  vertical  from 
middle  of  pupil,  2^  in  head.  Teeth  in  broad  bands  on  jaws,  vomer,  ami 
palatines.  Interorbital  space  not  narrow,  grooved,  its  width  more  t'laii 
i  diameter  of  orbit;  preopercular  spino  strong,  f  diameter  of  orbit,  witli  11 
short  terminal  point  and  3  or  4  strong  upwardly  directed  barbs,  curviil 
si ightl J  forward;  below  this  3  short  simple  spines  directed  dowTiwa id, 
and  downward  and  forward;  nasal  spines  strong,  occiput  with  a  broa<ily 
rounded  ridge,  ending  behind  in  a  rather  blunt  point;  no  pit  behind  eyos; 
no  other  spines  on  head.  Gill  membranes  broadly  joined,  free  from  istli- 
mus.  A  simple  slender  filament  at  base  of  luisal  spine,  a  conspicuous  0110 
on  tip  of  maxillary,  2  on  occipital  ridge,  3  on  preopercular  margin,  iin 
inconspicuous  one  near  base  of  opercular  ilap;  a  large  black  supraocular 
Hap,  about  as  long  as  diameter  of  pupil.  Body  armed  essentially  as  in 
quadriseriatiia;  the  upper  series  of  plates  double  throughout,  boginiiiMj:; 
under  third  or  fourth  dorsal  spine  and  terminating  under  hist  dorsal  r.iy, 
28  or  30  in  each  series;  36  or  37  plates  in  lateral  line,  their  posterior  lior- 
ders  occasionally  with  a  slender  white  filament;  axil  of  pectoral  with 
from  2  to  6  half-embedded  spinous  plates;  skin  otherwise  smooth.  Fins 
large,  tlie  spinous  dorsal  with  the  first  2  rays  produced  into  long  slender 
filaments,  which  reach  beyond  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  and  are  much  Ioniser 
than  head,  the  membrane  between  these  not  incised,  and  they  are  not  sep- 
arated from  rest  of  fin;  dorsals  not  connected,  the  longest  my  of  soft  (ii>r- 
sal  nearly  i  head;  pectorals  not  long,  IJ  to  \\  in  head;  ventrals  about 
i  head.    Olivaceous  above,  white  below;  a  distant  black  blotch  under 


-f,-T<-, 


Jorda  n  and  Evcrma  n  n .  — Fishes  of  North  A  vie  rim .     1 89.'i 

•.|iiiiouH  «l<)i-sul,  1  or  2  «UlViiHo  blot  -Iich  iiiulcr  Hot't  dorsal  aiitl  K'tvoriil  aloii^ 
lateral  line;  IkjIow  lateral  line  an  irrej^iilar  HerleH  of  Huiall  pearly  Hpots, 
iiMist  distinct  anteriorly ;  a  tlark  bar  vertieally  croHHing  chuck;  gill  luem- 
l>i  lines  (luMky ;  pectoralH  black  at  base  and  on  lower  rays,  upper  part  white, 
with  2  irregular  croHH  Imrs;  ventralH  dusky ;  anal  white,  margined  with 
lihu'k;  eaiidal  with  a  dusky  crosH  bar  at  base  and  tip,  mesially  white; 
dorsals  translueent,  narrowly  edged  with  blaek,  an«l  witli  narrow  oblique, 
Miiiiewhat  irregular,  dusky  eross  bars.  Length  U  inches.  t!oast  of  south- 
I'ln  California;  several  specimens  obtained  by  the  Albatrosa  in  145  aud  55 
fathoms.     (Gilbert.)     (filamvntoaus,  thread-like.) 

Icdinti$Jilamento»tu,  Gn.Br.KT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miin.  1800, 85,  off  Santa  Barbara  Inlands 

at  Albatross  Stations  3893  and  3959,  in  145  and  55  fathoms.    (TyiK3,  Nu.  44407.) 
Tarandiehthyi  Jilamentotus,  JouDAM,  Froc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1896, 225,  pi.  28. 

2274.  TABANDlt'HTHYN  TENUIS  (Gilbert). 


Head  3i  to  3% ;  depth  51  to  5i;  efe  3i  to  3f  in  head.  D.  X-17  to  IJ);  A. 
1.5  to  17.  Body  slender,  tapering  into  a  very  slender  caudal  peduncle, 
wliose  depth  is  less  than  ^  its  length,  and  i  diameter  of  orbit.  Eye  largo, 
longer  than  sPout;  maxillary  reaching  slightly  beyond  middle  of  orbit, 
2'  in  head.  Bands  of  teeth  narrower  than  usual,  present  on  jaws,  vomer, 
and  palatines.  Interorbital  space  narrow,  i  diameter  of  pupil,  slightly 
concave  x)osteriorly,  the  ridges  converging  anteriorly  and  meeting  above 
front  of  pupil;  upper  preopercular  spine  smaller,  about  as  long  as  pupil, 
with  a  short  terminal  process,  and  2  or  3  upwardly  directed  ones;  below 
this  a  simple  spine  directed  backward,  and  2  directed  downward  and  for- 
ward; nasal  spines  strong;  2  strong  spines  behind  upper  edge  of  orbit, 
and  a  single  sharp  one  at  end  of  occipital  ridge;  occipital  region  gently 
concave;  no  pit  behind  eyes;  no  spine  on  oporcle  or  suborbital,  and  no 
distinct  spine  on  shoulder;  a  simple  black  flap  on  upper  rim  of  orbit  pos- 
teriorly; no  other  flaps  on  head,  and  usually  luino  on  plates  of  lateral 
liiir;  plates  of  lateral  line  an  in  related  species,  41  in  number;  dorsal 
Niiics  of  plates  arranged  in  a  double  row  as  usual,  but  very  short,  begii  - 
iiiiig  under  fifth  dorsal  spine  aud  ending  tinder  first  third  of  soft  dorsal, 
il8  length  varying  from  slightly  longiir  thAn  head  to  f  its  length,  double 
tliroughout;  sides  immediately  behind  axil  of  pectorals  with  about  15 
plates  similar  to  those  of  lateral  line,  but  smaller,  scattered  or  showing  a 
tendency  to  regular  arrangement;  first  ray  of  spinous  dorsal  very  slender, 
lilamentous,  varying  in  length,  in  adults  reaching  end  of  soft  dorsal,  the 
second  spine  sometimes  sligtly  produced,  but  never  long;  the  2  dorsals 
entirely  disconnected,  the  height  of  soft  dorsal  i  or  ^length  of  head; 
licetorals  long  in  msilcs,  reaching  much  beyond  front  of  anal,  as  long  as 
iiead ;  ventrals  nearly  f  orbit.  Color  light  ol'.vaceous  above,  white  below, 
the  back  with  4  black  crossbars,  the  first  under  spinous  dorsal,  the  second 
and  third  under  anterior  and  posterior  parts  of  soft  dorsal,  the  fourth  at 
base  of  caudal;  back  and  sides,  including  head,  with  pearly  dots  and 
lines;  those  on  upper  parts  frequently  curved  and  margined  with  dark; 
spinous  dorsal  with  a  small  dark  blotch  posteriorly,  and  some  dusky 


1894         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Musenm. 

iiiiirkiii;i;s;  noft  (hu'Hiil  triuiHlucont,  with  Itroad  o1)li(ino  cluHky  hntH ;  cmuliil 
with  \\w  (liiHky  liiiHiil  har  contiinu'd  on  iippiT  and  h>w«ir  rayw  at  Itaso,  tlir 
baKal  lialf  of  fin  trauHliicont,  itH  ttMiuinal  portion  with  2  or  3  Iduckisli 
croHsbarH;  anal  hlack-cd^cd  in  niah>s;  vcMitral  bhick  in  inuluH;  biMo  ami 
low('r  half  of  pectoralH  larg  'ly  l»bick  in  nnUcH,  %\w  tormina]  portion  witli 
prarly  and  dnaky  bars;  brandiioHtcgal  mtmibrancH  bhick  in  malcN;  ,1 
broad  bhi('k  l>ar  l)«low  «iyc.  Ltnigth  5^  iiu-heH.  CoaHt  of  B(mt]i«;rn  Cali- 
fornia, in  rather  (h-np  water.     (Gilbert.)     {tninia,  Hlcnder.) 

Icelinus  U'liuis,  (ilLiiERT,  Vtw„  TJ.  S.  Nut.  Miih.  IROO,  80,  ofTSanta  Barbara  Islands, at  Alba- 
tross Stations  3893,  3946,  3959,  3977,  and  1983,  in  45  to  150  fathoms.  (Typ«,  No.  43086. 
CoU.  Ullbort.) 

709.  ICELINUS,  Jordan. 

Icelinus,  Jokdan,  Cat.  Fiahua  N.  A.,  110, 1885  {qnadrineriattu). 

Body  slender,  little  conipreHsed;  upper  preoperculur  spine  luug,  with  2 
to  5  hooked  processes  above;  a  well  developed  series  of  Hpiuoas  scales  or 
plates  along  the  back,  these  meeting  behind  dorsal;  another  series  alon^ 
lateral  line;  no  plates  behind  the  axil.  Three  or  4  prf  opercular  spiuea. 
No  alit  behind  last  gill ;  gill  membranes  broadly  united,  free  from  the 
isthmns.  Teeth  on  vomer  and  palatines;  spinous  dbrsal  short,  withmit 
notch  or  filaments;  ventral  fins  small,  1, 3.  Deep  waters  «»fi'  the  coast  of 
California.  Size  small.  (Name  a  diminutive  from  JcelH8,''lHe\o?,  a  god  of 
sleep,  from  the  quiescent  habit  of  these  Northern  fishes.) 

a.  Nasul  tentacle  broad  and  palmate,  with  narrow  stoni-liko  base;  nasul,  2  poHtoculiii' 

and  occipital  spine  present;  interocular  spaco  about  i   pupil;   supraocular  lila- 

ineut  usually  fimbriate.    Head  2^  in  length.  fimbriatus,  2'.>T5. 

aa.  Nasal  tentacle  simple,  slender.     Eye  very  large;   iaterocular  apace  very  r arrow, 

about  i  pupil ;  maxillary  reaching  posterior  be  rder  of  pupil ;  no  postooular  or 

occipital  spines. 

b.  Freoperculnr  spine  moderate,  shorter  than  eye;  head  2}  in  length;  eye  larju'e, 

3jj  in  head.  oculatus,  2270. 

bb.  Preupercular  spine  large,  as  long  as  eye ;  hewl  2J  in  length ;  eye  small,  i  in 

head. 

BOBEALI8,  2277. 
aaa.  Nasal  tentacle  obsolete. 

c.  Head  small,  i  length;  interocular  space  2|^  in  pupil;  dorsal  series  of  plat(>s 
usually  interrupted  under  posterior  rays  of  soft  dorsal,  then  contiiiiicd 
on  back  of  caudal  peduncle;  nu  postoculor  spine ;  nasal  and  occipital  spines 
present.  quadim8EBiatu8,  2278. 

cc.  Head  larger,  2J  in  length;  dorsal  series  of  plates  continuous,  the  series 
double,  except  for  last  5  or  6  scales ;  a  short  dermal  flap  behind  eye. 

STBABO,  2279. 


2273.  ICELINUS  FIMBRIATUS,  Gilbert. 

Head  2^  to  2f ;  de])th  4|;  eye  3|  to  4i  in  head.    D.  X,  15  or  16;  A.  12. 

Shape  much  as  in  Icelintia   qiiadriseriatna.     Depth  of  caudal    peduncle 

f  orbit.    Mouth  larger,  the  maxillary  reaching  beyond  middle  of  pupil, 

2^  to  2i  in    bead;  teeth  as  usual;    nasal  spines  strong;    interorbit.il 

.space  narrow,   grooved,   i   length  of  pupil;    preopercular   spine  very 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1896 


BEALIB,  2277. 


Iiuavy,  slightly  more  thiiii  i  orbit,  with  »  toruiinal  tooth,  and  3  up- 
wardly directed  procoHHes;  2  Idui  *  npinrg  behind  eye,  and  another  at 
end  of  occipital  rid^c;  3  prcojtercular  spiucB  boloAv  the  main  one;  no 
distinct  spint's  on  opercle  or  Hhoulder;  a  spine  at  lower  an^le  of  sub- 
opercle;  couHpicnous,  palmate  tentacles  on  namil  spineH  an  i  above  and 
lii'hind  eye;  bvHidos  these,  anumbur  of  simple  or  divided  iilamentH  on  eyo- 
liiill,  occiput,  preorbital,  maxillary,  ]ireopercle,  and  along  lateral  line,  the 
latter  mostly  in  groups  of  3  to  5;  jtlates  on  side  as  in  related  spocicH,  36  to 
'M  along  lateral  lino,  3'^  in  upper  dorsal  sories;  thr  dorsal  Herica  becoming 
single  behind  dorsal  flu,  double  eljsewhent,  beginning  between  third  and 
fourth  dorsal  spines;  no  plates  in  axil;  none  of  the  dorsal  spines  tilamen- 
loiis,  the  middle  ones  the  longest,  the  soft  rays  still  higher;  dorsal  tins 
wholly  separate;  ventrals  small,  about  jj  diameter  of  orbit;  pectorals 
HJiort,  abont  |  head.  Color  olivaceous  ab»»ve,  with  about  4  irregular 
Itlack  bars;  white  below;  middle  of  sides  black,  with  larger  or  smaller 
rimndish  white  spots;  lips  black,  crossed  by  narrow  white  streaks; 
Itranchiostegal  membranes  blackish ;  ventrals  white,  other  fins  all  crossed 
with  oblique  or  vertical  black  bars;  spinous  dorsal  largely  black  ante- 
riorly and  at  tips  of  posterior  spines;  jtectorals  largely  black  on  basal 
portion  of  lower  rays;  barbels  white,  except  the  supraocular,  which  are 
black.  Length  5^  inches.  Otf  southern  California,  in  rather  deep  water. 
(Gilbert.)     (fimbriatiia,  fringed.) 

Icelinus  flinbriattu,  GlUtERT,  Prix;.  F.  S.  Nat.  Moh.  1800, 87,  ofT  Santa  Barbara  Islands,  at 
Albatross  Stations  2893  and  3975,  in  145  and  36  fathoms.  (Type,  No.  43U87.  Coll. 
Gilbert.) 

2270.  KELIXUS  OClILATrS,  Gilbert.. 

Headlong,  2s;  depth  5i;  oyo  3ij  in  head ;  snout  Sjj.  D.  X,15;  A,  14;  lat- 
eral line  39.  Body  elongate,  tapering  rapidly  backward  to  the  very  slen- 
der caudal  peduncle,  whose  least  depth  is  2^  in  its  length ;  lower  profile 
straight;  head  sharp  anteriorly,  th«!  occipital  ridge  blunt,  tlie  included 
space  gently  concave,  not  pit-like ;  eye  very  large ;  interorbital  spacti  very 
narrow,  slightly  concave  post«'riorly,  with  a  median  ridge  in  front,  very 
strongly  expanding  ov«'r  front  of  eye,  its  width  t  pupil;  month  large, ex- 
truding beyond  vortical  from  pupil,  2i  in  head;  teeth  in  rather  narrow 
bands  in  jaws  and  on  vomer  and  palatines;  preopcroular  spine  rather 
small,  in  the  single  specimen  known,  bifid  at  tip  and  with  2  strong 
autler-like  processes  directed  upward,  the  number  varying  in  all  known 
s])('cie8,  and  probably  normally  greater  than  2  in  this  species;  below 
this,  a  weak  spinous  projection  directed  backward,  and  2  stronger  ones 
downward  and  forward ;  a  spinous  point  at  lower  angle  of  subopercle, 
none  on  occiput,  shoulder,  or  opercle:  branch lostegal  membranes,  gill 
rakers,  ind  armature  of  side  as  usual,  the  dorsal  sc^ries  of  plates  unu- 
sually well  developed,  extending  from  opposite  second  dorsal  spine  to 
beyond  second  dorsal,  where  the  series  becomes  single,  those  of  the  two 
sides  closely  approximated;  no  scattered  pLites  behind  pectorals;  an 
elongate,  simple  supraorbital  flap,  a  filament  in  connection  with  nasal 
spine,  2  on  occipital  ridge,  and  1  on  maxillary ;  a  iew  lilamuutti  on  plates 


ir 


''>---y>ir'-:(-'i>< 


P 


K 


1890         Dulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum, 


uf  liitorul  liiir;  uouo  of  tho  dorsul  Hpiiics  uluvated;  prcturula  n^ucli- 
iug  Blij^rhtly  boyoud  origin  of  auul.  Color  uh  in  T.  (itiKM,  1>iit  th«i  light 
spots  on  iii)p««i'  ]»art8  of  body  not  rlougatu,  and  not  dark  margined;  \w 
couspicuonH  durk  bar  bt^low  orbit;  anul  fin  transluoont  in  the  spocioirtt 
huru  d(t8oribt;d,  a  fumalo.  Leugtii  5^  inchos.  8outbem  Culifomiu;  i 
8pucim«)n  known.     (Qilbert.)    (oculutita,  largo-eyed.) 

leelimu  oculatua,  OILBBBT,  I'loo.  V.  K.  Kat.  Miia.  18U0,  HK,  off  Santa  Barbara  Islands  ut 
Albatross  Station  3935,  in  134  fathoms.    (Coll.  UillH^rt.) 


8877.  ICKIilMJK  IIOKKALIN,  (iilbert. 

Hoad  2i;  depth  4  J  to  5i ;  <«ye  4  in  head.  D.  IX  or  X,  10;  A.  13  or  14 ;  1'. 
16;  lateral  lino  39.  Very  similar  to  IcvUnua  oculatuH,  bnt  ditVering  in  tlir 
large  size  of  the  preoperciilai'  spine,  the  smaller,  less  elliptical  eye,  tlm 
wider  interorbital  space,  less  abruptly  exitandiug  anteriorly,  the  lower 
occipital  ridges,  and  in  the  mueh  smaUer  size.  li«>dy  slender,  tapeiin;; 
rapidly  backward  to  caudiil  jteduncie,  whose  least  depth  is  3}  to  ii  in  its 
length;  bead  long,  smaller  than  in  7c«/(nu»  ooulalus;  oeoipital  ridges  blunt, 
the  included  space  gently  concave,  not  pit-like;  interorbital  space  widur 
than  in  IccUnua  ooulatm,  not  distinctly  concave,  the  median  ridge  vi^ry 
faint,  the  width  about  4  in  eye  (in  oculatus  about  10  in  eye) ;  supraocular 
and  occipital  ridges  rugose  or  minutely  pitted;  2  conspicuous  mucous 
pores  behind  eaeh  eye,  the  anterior  margins  often  elevated  to  form  a  spi- 
nous projection;  mouth  large,  extending  beyond  vertical  from  pupil,  L'j 
in  head;  teeth  in  narrow  bands  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  the  2 
ant<>rior  pores  on  mandible  open  together  at  symphysis  as  in  all  the  otluM- 
species  of  the  genus  except  IcvUvus  oculatua,  where  they  open  separately, 
on  either  side  of  the  symphysis;  preopercular  spine  large,  about  as  Iar;;o 
as  eye,  with  3  antler-like  processes  directed  upward;  below  this  a  wejiii, 
spinous  projeetion  directed  backward  (wanting  in  many  specimens),  unci 
2  stronger  ones  downward  and  forward;  a  spinous  point  at  the  lower 
angle  of  subopercle;  an  indistinct  spine  terminating  in  occipital  rtd.i>o; 
armature  of  sides  as  in  lodinui.  ..itlalua,  the  dorsal  series  of  plates  exttnd- 
ing  continuously  onto  the  back  of  caudal  peduncle;  no  scattered  pIutcM 
behind  pectorals;  a  large,  rather  broad  supraorbital  flap,  bitid  or  trilid, 
or  occasionally  with  more  than  3  terminal  filaments;  the  height  of  lla|i 
equals  or  slightly  exceeds  diameter  of  pupil;  a  white  filament  near  tip  of 
maxillary;  2  pairs  on  occipital  ridges;  1,  not  wholly  constant,  on  check 
overlying  suborbital  stay ;  a  few  scattered  ones  accompanying  plat' s 
of  lateral  lije;  none  of  the  dorsal  spines  elevated;  pectoral  fins  readi- 
ing  slightly  beyond  origin  of  anal.  Color  olivaceous  above,  sides  of  hcul 
» ad  body  vermiculated  ami  blotched  with  olive  brown,  especially  along 
laiddle  of  sides;  white  below  nearly  to  lateral  line;  the  back  with  4 
black  cross  bars  as  in  Icelinua  oculatua;  a  dark  blotch  on  cheek,  and  a  dark 
streak  forward  from  eye;  membrane  between  first  2  spines  of  first  ilor- 
sal  dark;  usually  a  black  terminal  bar  ^yosteriorly ;  second  dorsal,  ixc- 
torals,  and  caudal  with  faint  oblique  bars;  no  dusky  patch  at  base  uf 
pectoral;  anal  translucent.    Length  2i  feet.    Aleutian  Islands,  coast  of 


Jordan  and  ICrcnnann. — Fis/ies  of  North  .\mcrica.     1^07 


Alaskti;*  iiiiintTous  Hpt'ciiiH-riH  (i!k<-ii  lioth  north  iiiid  aonth of  tbo  Alt'iitiiiii 
iHliiiida  iiikI  ill  lirlHtol    litiy,  in  38  to  59  latlioius.     ((tilbi'i't.)    (bontiltH, 

liol'thlTll.) 

lielintm  boreiiUu.CuMy.HT,  Kopt.  U.  S. FiHli.C'onini.  189:t  (1800),  415,  |>l.  25,  Aleutian  Islands 
and  Bristol  Bay,  at  Albatross  Stations  3313,  3314,  and  others,  in  11  to  121  fathoms. 


Islands  ut 


237M.  K'KlilMK  ({lAIMtlSKKIATrH  (lAHskinKtun). 

H.iulJiit;  (l('pth5i.  D.  VIII,  13;  A.  12;  V.  1,3.  Ho.ly  sl.-iulcr,  littl.' com- 
|iii'Msi'(l,  tiip«!rlii);  from  the  HlioiildriH  to  tlic  hIi-ihIit  tail;  nioiitli  uiodtraU-, 
the  maxillary  rt-achiii^'  about  to  iniiblb-  of  pujiil;  a  pair  of  rid<rtH  on  tb(; 
iKcipiit,  t'lieb  I'lidiiig  in  a  spiin',  th«'  Mpacc  bct\v»'(Mi  tbuni  concave;  iiitcr- 
ociilar  (spiico  very  narrow,  grooved;  upper  preoperciilar  Hpine  very  long, 
tiriiied  with  ab«iiit  5  hook^,  all  '.iiit  1  directed  iijiward;  below  this  3  Himpbt 
^llille8;  head  naked  or  very  nearly  ho,  with  conHpii-iioiiH  iuiicoiih  pores 
iil)ovc  and  u  few  minute  cirri;  dorHul  liiis  neparated;  pectorals  broad, 
iil)()iit  reaching  anal;  veiitrals  very  Hinall;  hit^-ial  line  with  a  series  of 
sliiiioiis  plates;  above  it  along  the  back  a  doniile  series  of  spinous  plat*'S 
placed  at  an  angle,  the  upper  plates  with  the  free  edge  downward  and 
backward,  tlu)  lower  i)lates  with  the  free  edge  upward  and  backward, 
tills  band  composed  of  a  single  seritts  befon^  and  behind,  anil  not  extend* 
iiig  around  the  ibtrsal  in  front;  si^in  otherwisi*  perfectly  smooth.  I'ale 
ulivacuous,  somewhat  mottled;  lateral  line  with  dark  blotches;  braiichi- 
ihtegal  region  Idaek  in  the  mabs;  a  black  bar  at  base  of  caudal;  a  black 
s|ti)t  at  front  of  spinous  dorsal,  ami  I  at  tip  of  the  last  spine;  pectorals 
with  a  dark  spot  at  base;  other  (ins olivaceous,  little  variegated.  Length 
3  inches.  Coast  of  California,  in  water  of  moderate  depth;  locally  very 
abundant,  great  numbers  being  sometimes  taken  in  the  sweep  nets  be- 
tween Poirt  Reyes  and  the  (ioldeii  Ciate.     {qKudrmrialun,  four-rowed.) 

Artiditu  ijuadriscriattin,  KocKiNcnoN,  Proo.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mu8. 1870,  U;tO,  off  San  Francisco. 

(Tvpo,  No.  2U50I(.    Coll.  Lockiiigtoii.) 
Ii-ituii  7Mrtdri*ma(«»,  iIoiu)AN  A,-  (riMiKin,  SynoiisiH,  GUI,  188H. 
lecUiutu  quadriteriatus,  Gilueut,  I'roc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1800, 83;  Juhuan,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci. 

1896, 225, 1)1. 20. 

227W.  U'KLIM  S  STKAlUk,  .Stiiik.-*. 

Head  2|  in  body;  depth  4.  D.  IX-15;  A.  13;  eye  \  in  bead;  maxillary 
2 ; ;  snout  4.  Body  robust  at  shoulders,  tapering  into  a  rather  slender 
I'aiulal  peduncle ;  upper  prolile  of  head  evenly  curved  from  snout  to  dorsal, 
the  snout  rather  steep;  mouth  horizontal  and  placed  at  the  extreme  lower 
aspect  of  head;  upper  jaw  piojeirting  slightly  )>eyoud  the  lower;  narrow 
liaiids  of  villiform  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  maxillary  reaeli- 
iiif;  about  to  posterior  margin  of  eye.  Nasal  spines  prominent;  upper 
spliui  of  preopercle  longer  than  eye,  extending  upward  and  backward,  and 
litaring  on  its  inner  edge  1  or  2  antler-like  processes;  below  it  on  edge  of 


*  •■  It  in  imposfliblo  to  coiunaro  this  or  any  otbci-  dest-ribed  species  of  Icelintts  with  /ce- 
Uii'is  (nutraliM,  Eigeniiiaiiii,  described  from  p'.rtially  di^osted  ><i)ociinoiiH.  From  Ei};t'ii- 
niiinii's  descriutioii  of  the  preoijurciilar  sjiii'j,  it  is  even  doubtful  whether  that  8iiecio»  is 
a  muuiber  of  tlie  genus  iceJutus,"    (Gilbert.) 

3030 12 


18t)8  nuUctin  47,  United  States  National  }fnseuin. 

|ii'iMi)>i>"i-li«  III'*- 2  small  Npiiit'H,  thf  iip|H'i-  riitli<-r  liliinl  uiul  not  fitiiHpiniiniN, 
till-  lower  longer  aiitl  sliiup,  pointing  tlowiiwiiid  un*l  Houiewhut  rorwiinl; 
on  each  Hi«le  of  o(  eipnt  in  a  nniull  Idnnt  tiib<Tele,  a  Hintrt  dtiriiial  Hup 
heliiinl  eneh  eye,  and  1  sometimes  present  behind  <-aeh  oecipitnl  tiilu'reli  ; 
head  naked;  a  hand  of  seales  al.>ng  Itack,  t'olldwing  «lorsal  ontline,  emu 
posed  of  '2  rows  of  seales  for  most  of  its  length,  hnt  the  post4-rior  r>  oi  tl 
seales  are  in  a  single  row;  the  onter  and  anterior  edge  of  eaeli  se;ili 
emhedded,  the  inner  and  posterior  edge  strongly  etenoid,  so  the  opitosin;; 
edges  of  the  rows  are  etenoid  edges;  a  single  row  of  37  seales  along  lateiiil 
line,  the  anterior  ones  rongher  than  the  others.  Dorsal  spines  slendri, 
the  fins  not  eonneete«l ;  front  of  aiuil  slightly  nearer  tip  of  snout  than  lm>i' 
of  eandal;  ])eett)rals  rather  wide,  reaching  a  little  past  front  of  soft  dorsiil. 
Color  olive  gray,  with  faint  irregnlar  darker  eross  liars  on  l»aek,  the  tir-i 
nnder  middle  of  s|dnous  dorsal,  the  seeoud  uinler  first  fourth  of  soft  dorsal, 
thi^  third  under  last  fourth  <d'  soft  dorsals,  iinlieations  of  1  on  eamlal 
pediinele,  and  a  dark  streak  at  Itnse  of  eandal  fin;  sides  and  haek  mottlnl, 
nnder  ]»arts  white;  ventrals  and  anal  white,  other  fins  crossed  with  dark 
wavy  lines.  This  species  is  closely  related  to  Iwlinus  honalis,  dillerini,' 
from  it  in  having  a  smaller  eye,  a  stonti-r  caudal  peduncle,  a  slight Iv 
wider  intcrorhital  space,  shorter  harhels  behind  eye,  the  barbels  at  occiput 
not  so  constant  in  their  prcHeiice,  and  in  having  the  end  of  maxillary  in  a 
dirt'en-nt  ielati<»n  to  the  eye.  The  eye  of  Ivelinus  bonalia  is  contained  only 
3  times  in  the  length  of  the  head  in  spe<-iiuei)H  of  the  same  size  as  Ivdhiiis 
Htrabo  ami  the  maxillary  scarcely  reachcH  past  pupil.  This  eumparison 
is  based  on  specimens  of  /.  honvlis  taken  by  the  Albatross  in  tlyi  Straits  (if 
Fn«'a  and  in  Uristol  Hay,  Alaska.  Pnget  Sound,  at  lN»rt  Ludh)W,  Wasli- 
ingtou,  where  many  specimens  w«'re  «d)tained  in  1896  by  Mr.  Starks. 
{6Tpixfi(i)v,  8«iuiut-eyed.) 

Iciiinit*  atiabo,  .Stahkm,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Scl.,  soriea  2,  Vol.  vi,  18116, 551,  Port  Ludlow,  Wash- 
ington.   (TyiMj,  No.5451,  L.  S.Jr.  TJnlv.  Mus,    Coll.  E.  C.  Stiuk».) 

710.   ASTROLYTES,  .Jordan  &  Starks. 

Attioli/leii,  JoKUAN  &  Stakks,  Troc.  Cnl.  Ac.  Sci.  1805,  807  (feiieUralis). 

This  genus  is  close  to  ArUdins,  with  which  it  agrees  in  most  respertB, 
differing  in  the  presence  of  stellate  scales  on  top  of  head,  in  the  concavu 
interorbital  area,  the  rough  vortex,  and  in  the  form  of  the  largo  preopi  r- 
enlar  spine,  which  is  bifid  at  tip  with  1  antler-like  process  or  hook  above. 
The  mouth  is  smaller  than  in  Artcdius,  fho  ventrals  longer,  the  band  of 
scales  on  back  more  developed  and  the  nasal  spines  larger.  There  is  sonu'- 
times  a  small  pore  behind  fourth  gill  arch.  Shore  fishes  of  the  Nm  tli 
Pacific,     {ixdrpov,  star;  Xvnjp,  releaser.) 

a.  Edge  of  prooperde  beluw  with  blimt  Hcrrated  procesces  below  the  Hpine;  liaml  of 
Hcales  not  luectinK  its  follow  bvhiud  dorsal  tin;  dorsal  rays  IX,  15. 

NOTO8PILOTUS.  •-•280. 
art.  Edge  of  preopercle  below  spine  with  processns  ontire,  covered  by  skiu;  baml  of 
scales  meeting  its  I'cUow  behind  dorsal  liu ;  dorsal  rays  IX,  17. 

FENKBTKALIS,  -'J81. 


^Vii\^ii^M,a^.lft>'.,\.ii5£'}:  C^^i^ri" 


Jordan  nn<f  h.irnuaun. — Fishes  of  Xorth  America,      18J)9 


iSsO.    ASTKOI.VTKM   .>0'IO>(ni,OirH  ((iiniiil). 

Iloiul  2^;  «l«>ptb  V\ ;  <«yo  \l  in  lieatl.  D.  I\,  l.'i;  A.  1 1  (tr  12;  h«mi1oh  altoiit 
II.  lioail  sburt  and  liroiul,  itn  vt«rttt\  tl<>|in-HHu«l;  niulial  region  with  a 
iiiiHH  ridge,  ill  fntnt  of  wliich  In  a  <|iiaili'ato  *ltt|>roNHiou;  2  liliint  tiibi-r- 
.lis  b«diiiid  «*afli  «tyo,  ainu>d  at  tip  witli  small  N|iiiios;  livliind  llu^se  2 
olliitrh  witbonl  HptneH,  on  tb«^  (x-tipital  rid;;us;  fatb  of  llumu  NpinuH  witb 
.1  Miiall  «'irni»;  a  hiiiuU  ciniiH  abovo  jioHttrior  part  of  «\vu;  a  ininiito  ono 
nil  tbu  maxillary;  iiiterorbiial  Hpat-tt  d<<uply  i-oiicuvc,  tbu  Hiipraonilar 
iiilgeH  rlfvatfd.  Mouth  moiltMali',  broad,  tbo  maxillary  «>xtondiiig  tu  bo- 
sdiid  tbo  pupil,  itH  Inigtli  nearly  \  that  of  the  bead;  Hiiborldtal  Htay 
strong;  ]iroo])«>rcl*-  witb  a  strong  prout-ss,  biiid  at  tip,  and  witb  I  or  luuro 
ii|)ward-dire<'tt!d  HpincH;  below  thiH  \\  Idiint  serrated  jiroeeHseH  or  niiil- 
lilied  spineH;  vertex,  temporal  region,  interorbital  npaee,  and  opereleH 
(iiverud  witb  small,  detaebed,  stellate  seales,  stiitiigly  spinooH  at  tbeir 
eilges;  tbe8e  Hmaller  than  tbu  uealeH  of  the  dorsal  bund.  OlivaceouH,  often 
tinged  with  pnr|)li8h,  and  niiiih  variegated;  a  blaek  bar  at  oueipnt ; 
iinotber  from  middle  of  spinous  diusiil  to  tbe  axil;  1  untler  front  of  seeond 
dorHal  exteiuliiig  oblifpiely  forwiird;  1  iiuiler  ])OHterior  part  of  Heeuiul  dor- 
sal; 1  on  caudal  petluncle;  bars  jiud  iuters|iaees  everywhere  tinely  retic- 
ulated and  mottled;  lower  partH  dusky,  with  brassy  tinge,  often  witb<lurk 
ret ieulatioiit)  around  wbittsli  spots;  brantdiiostegals  blaekisb,  witb  yellow 
tinge;  tiuH  all  variegated,  tbe  lower  tins  generally  dunky ;  a  blaek  npot 
ocellated  v,:tb  orange  between  lirst  aiul  seeotul  dorsal  spineH,  stuuetimeH  a 
iliillerone  between  third  and  fourth;  a  large  blaek  Hjtot  between  sixtb 
Mild  eighth  spines.  Lengtb  10  iiiebos.  Coast  of  California,  fnun  Cape 
>'endocino  southward;  abuiulant  oil' Santa  Harltara.  Here  described  from 
.specimens  from  Santa  Barbara.     {vCoro<i,  back;  (3ff//lt»ro5,  s|iotte<l.) 

(  Klilfilepidoliit  lateraUt,  Avhks,  Vtw,.  Cul.  Av.  Sci.  1855,  77 ;  not  of  ( ilRAUD. 
\ili'tliu»  nutoKjiilotiin,  CiiRAKD,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat,  Sci.  Philii.  1856.  i;t4,  Tomales  Bay  (Types, 

Nim.  ;t2i)  Miul  ;m7.    Coll.  E.  SiiiiiuclH  ami  Dr.  W.O.  Ayres);  liUtAHD,  I'.  S.  I'uc.  K.  U. 

Siirv.,  x,  FiHht's,  71, 18.')8 ;  (ilNTMKli,  Cat.,  U,  174,  18(10. 
Ii>hi»  tlolOKpilolilD,  JoitUAX  &.  UU.IIEHT,  .'syiioimiH,  GOU,  188:1. 

2281.  .iSTKOLVTKS  FKMXrK.lM.S  (.Ionian  \  r.illifirt). 


Ileiid  2t',  depth  4i^;  «'ye  .")  in  head.  1).  IX,  17;  A.  12;  lateral  line  3(J. 
(ii'iieral  form  of  Atilrolyles  iioloxpiloluB.  iJody  rather  robust;  bead  large 
iiiil  broad;  lower  jaw  included;  maxillary  extending  to  posterior  part  of 
rye,  2',  in  bead;  eye  ratber  larg«',  about  ^  l>roader  than  tbe  concave  inter- 
iiibitiil  space;  luisal  spines  strong,  with  a  conspicuous  cirrus  behind  tbeni; 
top  of  head  less  depressed  and  less  conc.-ive  tbiin  in  A.  notoapUolus,  its 
liitcriil  ridges  sniootb  and  covered  by  skin,  without  spiius-like  projec- 
tions; no  tuberculin'  proniinenc«'s  behind  eye ;  preopercb^  ending  in  a  short 
process,  which  lias  usuiilly  3  spines  at  its  tip,  tbe  2  uppermost  booked 
upward;  the  3  prominences  below  this  spine  small,  entire,  covered  witb 
KMiootb  skin.  (In  A.  iiolospilolua  these  projections  are  mucb  larger,  and 
more  or  less  coarsely  serrate.)  A  few  small  dermal  Haps  on  top  and  sides 
oi  head;  head  with  sunill  stellate,  uonimbrieate  scales,  arranged  much  as 


IWM)  liulhtin  /7,   I  'nihil  Shilts  XaiioHaf  Museum, 


I  i 


M- 


«iJ3.'l#.:.--dB 


in  .1.  iiolotiiHoliin,  Init  I'xtiMHiiiiK  lowiT  on  hIiIi'H  of  liciid,  rovi-riiiK  miiIi- 
urbit.il  au'l  )>OHtoiliital  n-^ionH,  iih  fur  down  hh  Hulturbitiil  ntny.  SciiIih 
on  lioily riip-Hkiiptul,  iirrtniKi'*!,  hh  in  .1.  HttloHftiluluH,  in  ii  broinl  biindalon^ 
oufh  HJtlrol'  Itacli;  eiicli  band  about  !)m<')iIi!II  in  bruatltb;  thJH  band  <-xt<-n(l- 
in^  iiinrli  laithtM-  bi>cl\  tinin  in  .1.  iioloHiiilohig,  inctttin^  its  iVllow  uitosh 
tlie  back  of  tail  l>vhin«l  tloiHjil  lln;  a  Hnnill,  but  iliHtinot,  ])ore-likr  nlit 
behind  tlu)  lourtli  gill  (wlioily  wantiiiK  in  •'.  volo»pilohin).  V\uh  I«»\v,  tin- 
doiHal  nnicli  lu\v*-rtlnin  in  .(.  iiotoMpiloliii:  tlio  lon^KHt  dorHul  sjiinu  aiioni 
«M|nal  to  Huout,  \ii  in  h«<ud  (in  tinf  lonnilr),  piolialtly  higln«r  in  niitlrH;  vm- 
IralN  alMiut  i'*Micliin({  vent;  pt'ctoralH  pant  front  of  anal,  ('olor  in  spirits, 
MMHtMitially  as  in  .1.  iiotimf>ilolnn,  but  palt-r;  oiivaci'tiuH,  tlin  liuad  uiottlfil 
and  bari'tMl  witli  blaikiHli;  back  witii  about  I  Nudilb'-liko  itbick  liars;  basi' 
of  caudal  IduckiHli;  tins  all,  except  tho  vcntralH,  which  ate  pale  ( proltably 
tluHky  in  males),  with  uross  bars  ami  HvrieH  of  .spots;  a  black  blotch  l»or> 
dered  by  oraiijre  between  first  and  second  doiHal  H]unes,  and  unotlii  r 
iietween  seventh  ami  ('iglith.  Iicn);th  Ti  inchcH.  I'u^et  Uouud ;  loraily 
common.  (J'nirHlialin,  with  a  winibiw,  fmm  tlu>  Hmall  gill  pore.) 

Arttihut  /vneBtrnliH,  .lounAN  .V  (in-iiRin.  I'roc  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu«.  IHHU,  r>77,  Puget  Sound 
(Typo,  No.  27".'00,  U.  8.  Nut.  Mim.  Cull.  Junluii  &  Gilliert);  JoKhAN  A  Stakks,  I'r.M  . 
OiU.  Ao.  Sci.  iWo,  807. 

711.  ARCHISTES,  .Ionian  A  Gilbert,  new  ^'euns. 

.1  lehUten,  iloRDA.N  Sc  Gn.iiKiiT,  KIhIikh  of  liuriug  Si-u,  in  Kvi>t.  Fur  Suul  liivtrntitfiitioim  r«r 
IHUO,  1897  MS.  {jiUnnarhit). 

Head  and  body  eomproBHcd;  lateral  line  armed  with  a  Heries  of  spinuns 
plates;  a  aeries  of  Hmaller  similar  plates  along  base  of  dorsal  widcmni; 
anteriorly  BO  as  to  till  the  space  between  dorsal  and  lateral  line,  but  not 
extending  around  front  of  diu'sul  to  connect  with  bund  on  the  other  side. 
Head  naked;  gill  meuibranos  broadly  united,  free  from  the  isthmus;  no 
Hlit  or  |»ore  behind  Ijist  gill;  in»  spines  above  eye  or  on  vertex;  a  single 
gently  curved  preopercular  spine,  not  forked  and  without  cusps  or  proc- 
esses; a  large  fringed  supraorbital  Hup;  snnill  tlaps  and  cirri  on  occiput, 
sides  of  head,  and  along  lateral  line;  teeth  on  Juws,  vomer,  and  palatines; 
(lorsals  continuous,  notched  betwu«-n  spiucms  "udsoft  |»ortions;  ventr.ils 
I,  3,  without  seta;;  vent  far  forward,  immediately  behind  base  of  venJr.il 
tins,  the  nnile  with  a  long  anal  papilla.  { a fjxos,  \eut;  uUudiug  to  its 
unusual  positiou.) 

2282.  AIU'HISTES  IMil'MABIUS.  .Toitlan  &  Gilboit. 

Head  3i(  in  length;  depth  4;  eye  3A  in  head.  1).X,2«;  A.  18;  P.  1.5  or  1(1. 
Anterior  portion  of  head  rompressed  and  narroAV,  with  vertical  sides,  tin' 
width  at  augh^  of  mtmtli  little  great<'r  than  diauu't«'r  of  orbit.  From  tin' 
ocular  region  the  b«'ad  widens  rapidly  ba«'kward  an<l  «b>wnward  to  jtn - 
opercular  spine,  leaving  the  occiput  narrow;  greatest  width  of  head  iiml 
body  near  preopercular  spine,  slightly  h-ss  than  depth  of  head  at  occiput ; 


Vf,^^----.-  .-^fc:.-.,: 


f<'r^,:^rr^iiff-\±-. 


/ok/oh  Olid  JCvctmann. — /ys/irs  of  North  Awerua.     lOOl 


lioily  rniiipKHMt'il,  I'vi-rywlicri-  iiiiirli  ilirpir  tliiiii  wiilr,  Moiiili  Nli^litl.v 
olili<|iii>,  iniixilliirv  I'fiicliiiiM;  Nli);litl,V  Itryoiiirvrrtiiiil  tVoiii  tiniit  nl'  pupil, 
\\\  ill  liciiil.  .Iiiwm  iiihI  noiid'I'  witli  nitlii'i'  wiil*-  hniiilH  nl'  iiiiit'oriii  line  ti-cth; 
:i  Hiiiiill  piiti'li  on  tVoiit  of  piiliitiiii'M;  iiiihiiI  Npiin-N  Htiniig,  lixi'il;  prrnprr- 
I'liliir  Hpiiii>  Htroii^,  HJiiipIt',  dii't-rti-d  iipwiinl  iiiid  liiiilnviii'il,  i^nitly  I'lirvi-d ; 
|iir<M'iiltii'  iiijiruiii  withiiiit  riii'tli<<r  H])iii<>N  or  prniiiiiiciKtH.  ( tpi'irli' thin, 
witliDiit  lilt  or  spiiit-;  Niiprjioniliu  rim  *-i)<viiti-<l,  ]iruj«><'tiii);  iiliiivt-  prolil«t 
nlliniil;  iiitri'orliitiil  Hpni'i-  iiiiiiow,  ilo'ply  thiiniH'liMi,  tlic  Niil<-M  Hlopin;; 
Kiiivrxly;  occiput  ilcpicHscil  lidiinil  tlic  cycM  iniil  tninHvcrHcly  toiiiiilcii, 
ii'iidcriiiK  tlic  ])rntllc  Noincwiiiit  cunciivc ;  ]iuNtcriiirly  tlic  uccipiit  i  iHcN  jiimI 
is  litcriilly  iiiiKiiliitctl.sniiicwhiit  i|iiiitlriitc  tlicrcl'mc  in  cidHHNcction ;  vertex 
witliont  ridges  o.HpincH;  Hiipniociilni' tlnpiiHlonj^uH  eye,  Itiiiccuiatc  in  t'orin, 
(iiiii'Hcly  tVinp-tl  nloii^  the  niiir^iiiN;  a  ])iiir  of  broiHl,  deeply  elel't  lliipH  near 
iniddle  iif  occiput,  and  a  Hecuinl  pair  at  poHterior  (MJgu  of  occiput;  a  lon^ 
nasal  ciirns,  a  series  of  short  lilainents  aliuijrniar^rin  of  preoperele,  1  oiihiiIi* 
nrliital  stay,  1  near  tip  of  maxillary,  a  cleft  lilanieiit  neiu-  o)u<rciilar  aiiKh'. 
iiiiil  a  Hcries  of  t  iilamentH  aloiiji;  middle  of  lateral  line;  anterior  uostrilH 
ill  a  short  tulie;  gill  iiieiiiliraneH  widely  joined  iiciohs  the  throat,  entirely 
free  from  isthmus.  Lateral  line  rising  in  a  biy^h  convex  curve  aiiteriovly, 
the  curved  and  straight  portions  er|nal ;  along  its  ciuirH«>  irt  a  seriew  of  || 
|iiateR,  with  the  upper  edgi'  free  and  spinous,  large  along  the  «'urvcd  por- 
tiiiii  of  the  line,  hut  diminishing  rai)idly  in  size  posteriorly,  the  free  edge 
liecoming  smooth  or  nearly  so;  a  sericH  of  much  Hinalier  hut  similar  platcR 
lii'S  along  base  of  doraal,  extending  halfway  ahuig  liack  of  caudal  peduncle, 
widening  under  anterior  half  of  spinous  dorsal  to  form  a  hand  which  iicnrly 
nils  th<«  space  hetweeii  dorsal  and  lateral  line;  skin  otherwise  entirely 
n:iked.  Dorsal  heginiiiiig  a  pupil's  diameter  liehind  occiput.  S])incsvery 
slender,  the  anterior  ones  highest,  each  <'rowned  withamemliranacvoiis  llap 
which  isdigltately  deft;  the  third  spine  longest,  \  length  of  head;  thi>  last 
HMine  iihoiit  \  the  third  and  .)  the  siiccee<ling  short  ray;  ]iectoral  rays  all 
HJiiiple,  the  lower  thickened  with  incised  niemliranes,  the  longest  rays 
ir:i('hing  vertical  from  third  anal  ray;  veiitrals  narrow,  reaching  fr<uit  of 
iiiial  Avheii  declined;  vent  immediately  behind  ventral  tins,  the  long  anal 
|iMpilla  reaching  front  of  anal  tin  when  declined.  Color  in  spirits,  light 
jii.iyish  «dive,  a  series  of  o  irregular  quadrate  bhitches  ahuig  the  back, 
usually  connecteil  at  their  lower  margins;  middle  of  sides  with  dusky 
iii:i ridings,  from  the  lower  edge  of  whicli  a  seri«^s  of  7  V-shaped  black 
lilotchcH  descend  toward  lower  outline;  tb"  dusky  marking  of  sides  inclos- 
ing;' small  round  spots  of  ground  ctdor;  an  oblii|ne  dtirk  bar  on  snout  and 
a  Mack  blotili  on  lower  portions  (d"  iheek;  iiitenipende  jiml  upper 
liiiiiicliiostegals  with  cniss  8eri«'w  <d"  black  spots;  jM'ctoral  witli  a  largo 
(l.nk  blotch  and  indistinct  cross  bars  on  the  rays;  anal  crossed  by  oblique 
•  hiik  bars;  ciiudal  indistinctly  cross-barred;  dorsals  dusky,  without  deti- 
nitc  pattern;  vcntrals  ]daiu.  Lengtli  ?>  inches,  Ushishir  Island,  of  tho 
Kmil  (ironp;  only  tlie  type  known.    (;>/M?Hon'««,  feathery.) 

.1  rrhhteii  pliiiiiariiiii,  .TonDAN  &  (iii.iiKiiT,  Fislies  of  Bering  .Sea,  in  Uopt.  Far  Scnl  Invest. 
181M),  1807  MS.,  Ushishir  Island.    (Type,  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.    Cull.  Junlitn  ) 


11 ! 


I1M»2  liulhfin  /7,  Ignited  Sfntt's  h^otional  Miisnnn. 


H 


mi 


ik 
i-f>  ■  ■ 


71a.  ARTEDIUS,  (iininl. 

ArUiliiit,  (iiKAKii,  IMoc.  Ac.  N'at.St'i.  riiilu.,  viii,  IMO,  t:U  {latfralit). 

Hotly  liroiid  and  dt'preNHid  anti-rioily,  conipi'*-HH«ul  toward  cntidal,  wiili 
a  broad  Itand  ofroiindrd  HralfH  aloii^  Hide  of  biii-k,  not  t-xtondin^;  on  IhmiI 
and  not  iiifi!tin){  behind  dorsal;  no  pliitfH  at  liaHr  of  doTHal;  li<<ad  iar;;i 
depD'HHod,  niikfd  above,  tlic  intiTorbital  Hpare  narrow  and  Hat;  pnioiiii- 
cle  with  a  iiioderat<-  bifid  Hpine;  nanal  H|iin«>M  Nnuill;  inimth  lar^*',  <^lfri 
th«)  lowor  Jaw  incln<b>d;  ti'uth  on  .Iuwh,  vomht,  and  palatincH;  ijlll  nuiii 
brani-H  Itroadly  united,  ti'«>e    from    JHthniiiH;    branchioHtejriilH  t>;    no  sin 
behind  laHt  ^ill;  dotHal  tInH  Heparated  ;  vi-ntralH  short.     Shore  llHheHot'tli)> 
Pa<'itieooaNt  of  America.     (Named  for  I'etrnH  Artedi,  the  aHHoelate  of  I, in 
na-iiH,  callfd  the  "  Father  of  IchthytdoKy."  l"  "memory  of  an  i<hthyoloHisi 
whoMO  workH  ]H'( pared  the  ruad  toward  a  clear  and  cuiiciso  ■/.*w]og'u.\\ 
iiomenclatnre.") 

((.  Diirxid  liitixl  ol'Hcnli-H  iiiirrow,  ul'  H  rt'tvH  niitcriiirl.s ,  iiiiil '.'  or  3  iMmturiorly. 

I.ATKIIAI.IH,  I'JHI. 

an.  DorHul  Imiid  oI'h<'uIi«  wIiIit,  of  11  i-owh  uutcriurly.  ahi'Kuuix'h,  1"jhi, 

2im.  ARTKnil'M  LATKKAIilN  (Olrnnl). 

Head  2'i;  depth  r,.  I).  IX-l(i;  A.  13;  V.  I,  3;  Hcales  about  28  in  lohKi- 
tiidinal  HerieH.  Itody  rather  Hlemler,  »  little  com])ruHHed;  head  lon^  uml 
low,  IcHB  deep  than  in  the  other  Hpecics;  occiidtal  reg!«»n  almost  Hat;  iiitr: 
o(;ular  H)>aco  much  narrower  than  the  eye;  eye  Hhorter  than  Hnont,  nearly 
5  in  head;  skin  of  head  everywhere  peifeetly  Hmootli,  its  upper  Hnrfaie 
with  nnmerouH  HUiall  (M)n8]dcnoUH  jtoreH,  ini<l  nniiiy  nleuder  Hiuall  cirri;  im 
dlHtinct  aiipraorbital  cirruH,  am?  no  occipital  lidgeH;  miHal  spiueH  Hin;ill: 
mouth  very  larjje,  the  jawH  nearly  c'lual,  the  maxillary  extending  to  below 
the  i»osterior  t-dgeof  the  eye,  its  length  about  i  that  of  the  head;  prt!(i|ii'r 
cular  apiiio  very  Hmall,  covered  with  the  ukiu,  forked  at  tip;  (Vorsal  liiinil 
of  Hcales  narrow,  of  about  8  rows  anteriorly,  2  or  3  posteriorly.  Lateral 
line  anteriorly,  with  Huinll  cirri;  doraal  a]dueH  very  Blender,  the  lirsi  2 
Hhorter  than  the  otheru;  peetoralH  reaching  front  of  anal.  Dark  di  .ir 
olive  green;  liead  reddiNh  rhaded,  the  buck  with  sharply  defined  cioss 
blotches,  alternately  dark  <M  /e  aud  pale;  lower  half  of  sides  usually  willi 
numerous  small  pale  Hpots;  belly  bluish;  fins  barred  with  different  sliiulrs 
ttf  olive,  rt^ldish  brown,  aud  black;  northern  Hpeeiuuuis  with  a  bliMk  s|>(it 
on  the  front  of  the  Hpiuous  dorsal;  below  it  n  scarlet  crescent,  bordi  nd 
with  yellow.  Length  5  inches.  Tacilic  coast  of  N<n'th  America,  froni 
Pnget  Sound  to  San  Luis  Dbispo,  in  rock  pools;  not  eoumjon.  Ihii' 
described  from  speeimcns  from  Monterey.  (Itiliialia,  pertaining  to  I  lie 
sid»*.) 

Scofpmikiehtlnin  lateraUx,  TJuiAKD,  Troc.  Ac.  Kat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1854,  145.     (Types,  Niis.  "Jt*. 

San  Luis  Obispo,  Coll.  Liont.  Tro\vliri<l(.'<'i  imd  30fl,  San  Francisco,  Coll.  Dr.  W.  (>. 

Ayrca.) 
Artediim  lateralis,  aiiiAun,  I'roo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  riiila.'lSSO,  134;  OntAitn,  U.  S.  Pac  I.'   1! 

Surv.,  X,  Fislien,  70,  pi.  22a,  tigs.  5  and  6,  18."i8;  GCntuer,  Cat.,  n,  174,  1860. 


Jordan  ami  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1U03 


tiJMl.   AliT»:i>ll  S   \MI>»;KI  I.I  N,  SturkM. 

HoimI  2*t;  (Irittli  4.  I).  I\-I(t;  A.  12;  «yi>  I  in  lica.i;  miixilliiiy  'li\ 
iiiHlt  \.  I'liilllc  ol'  lit>iHl  iM'oiiilly  luiiiMlfil  tVoiii  tip  ul'  Hiiiiiil.  t«i  occiput,  Mil' 
siMiiit  Vriy  Ntft'p;  Iowit  itiitllii<>  nl'  lit'iul  iiniily  lioii/itiitiil,  iiioiitli  iit  Inwt'l' 
.ispcrt  of  linid  littl«',  if  any,  oltlii|iii>;  niiixilliiry  n-acliin^  to  lirluw  niiiidic 
of  i>yt>;  villiforni  tuctii  on  jiiWH,  voumt,  an<l  palatim-M;  naHal  tpint's  pritnil- 
iH'iit.  prcoprrniiar  proiTHH  HJioi't,  liifnicatts  the  rntiic  Hpin«<  rovcrnl  witli 
Mkin,  W  Ninall  spincN  ilrvclopcti  on  «-<1ut'  of  prropcnii'  licjow  it ;  top  of  in-a«l 
naki'tl,  with  many  inuionH  poi-i>H;  intiToihital  Huarc  narrow,  coinavr,  itn 
witltli  alMMit  \  ry«>;  a  .viilc  hand  of  Hti'on|r|y  rtt-noiil  HialrH  ajon^  hark, 
stiirtinu  ojtpoMitr  front  of  HpinonH  tlorNnl,  ami  Im>Iow  it  a  tlintainr  n|Mal  to' 
IHtpil,  ^ratliniliy  rnnnin^  npwanl  anti  nrarly  toucliin^  tin*  liaKi<  nf  hiift 
iliHHal,  joining;  itH  f*-Mow  of  thi*  o])poHit«'  Hi<li<  ht'liintl  dorHal,  and  ron- 
tihuin^  on  caudal  jinlunt'lo  to  mitlway  ht'twern  hint  ray  of  dornal  and 
lias*'  of  cainlal ;  at  its  '.vidcHt  part,  iindcr  front  of  Hoft  dorHal,  it  in  !l  KralfH 
wiili'  in  an  oldiipU'  Hfrirn;  B3  oldii|no  scrirs  in  itH  Irn^tli;  latt-rnl  linr 
iinurd  with  35  ctMioid  H«alt>Hin  a  Hinglc  si'rit'H;  all  tin-  HialfH  rnilM'ddt'd  on 
llicir  lowtT  anterior  rd^rg  and  ftmoid  on  tht'ir  upper  poHtrrior  imI^cn; 
iiaki'il  ur«'u  hctwi't-n  lateral  liui<  and  hand  of  HcaleM,  at  its  widest  part 
narrower  than  han<l  of  Heales;  spinous  dorHal  ronn<led  in  outline,  not 
joined  to  Hoft  dorsal;  peetoral  reaehin^;  to  haHe  of  Hoveuth  or  ei^htli  ray  of 
Hiift  dorHal;  ventrals  reaehin^  vent.  Color  olive  hrown,  with  1  or  5  dark 
irregular  croHH  itarn  lUi  huek,  whieh  hreak  up  and  form  retienlatiouH 
around  white  H]»otM  on  siden,  the  htwer  of  these  M|totH  forming;  Heniieireles 
Diily  where  they  run  into  the  white  of  the  helly,  the  lirHt  erotsH  liar  under 
iViint  of  spinous  dorsal,  the  Heetuni  under  front  of  sid't  dornal,  the  third 
iiiHler  posterior  third  of  soft  dorsal,  ami  the  fourth  imlieate<I  hy  a  Idoteh 
nil  oaiulal  pedunele;  a  dark  streak  at  hane  of  caudal  lin;  under  partH 
wliite;  veutralH  and  anal  white,  other  tins  crossed  with  umlulatin^  Mim-h; 
lips  dusky.  This  spccleM  differs  from  ArUdiiin  latrral'm,  with  which  it 
Minis  to  he  moHt  closely  related,  in  having  ii  wider  and  longer  hand  nf 
HI  ales,  and  in  other  Ichh  important  characterH.  Len){th  U  inches.  Pn^^et 
Siiiind,  in  the  vicinity  of  I'ort  liUtllow,  Washington,  where  U  Hpeciuu'us 
were  ohtained  in  IHlHi  hy  Mr.  Htarks.     {asptrnliia,  »oniowhat  rough.) 

Aitediimaiperulus,  Stauks,  I'roo.  (Jul.  \v..  Hi-i.,  mirii'H  2,  Vol.  VI.  181MI,  r>r>3,  Port  Ludlow, 
Washington.    (Tyiw,  No.  5040.  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mas.    Coll.  K.  C.  Starks.) 


713.  AXYRIAS,  .Starks. 

.1  ri//in«,  Starrr,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Scl.,  HerlcH  2,  Vol.  vi,  1800,  5.'i4  {harringloni). 

Top  of  head  with  patches  of  ctenoid  Hcaloa  and  cirri;  a  hanil  of  very 
small  scalcH  below  dorsals,  an<l  asiiiKle  row  of  hn^er  oiu^s  tollowiu);  the 
lateral  lino;  villlforra  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatineH;  preopercular 
spines  3,  the  upper  short,  very  narrowly  ftu-ked,  the  others  Hniull ;  dorsals 
iiitt  connected;  };ill  membranRs  united,  free  from  the  iHthmiiH;  no  slit 
liiliind  last^ill;  ventrals  I,  3.  This  jfenns  is  closely  related  to  Artidiua, 
t'liiloiioliis,  and  Aatrohftva,     It  ditfers  from  Artediiia  in  the  rough  head  and 


■  V!"^!ssry '•S*cSt??«? 


1904         Ihillctin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Hinnllcr  HoalcH,  and  from  Astroli/tee  iuhI  Chilonotiis  in  tlir  Hinj^lr  fork  to  tlic 
picopcrciiliir  Hpiiu\  and  in  tbo  sumlh-r  Hcalcs.  (rt-privative,  ni^t;  ^vpiiti,  a 
shaveliiifi;;  d^VfJiai,  ouo  unshorn.) 

2285.  AXYBIAN  HARRINOTOM,  SurkH. 

Head  28;  depth  4^  D.  IX-10;  A.  12;  eye  4  in  head;  maxillary  21. 
Upper  profile  of  hesid  steep  from  tip  of  snotit  to  above  eyes,  thence  nearly 
horizontal;  month  at  lower  aspect  of  head,  the  jaws  snbe(inal;  maxilliiry 
reaching  to  the  vertical  from  pnpil;  villiform  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  iiiul 
])alatiiies;  eye  sot  hi<;h  in  head,  its  dianu-tcr  a  little  less  than  length  oT 
snout;  iiiterorbital  space  nearly  concave,  its  width  about  i  eye;  \i\)]\va- 
preopercnlar  spine  short,  its  length  about  i  of  eye,  very  narrowly  bifnr- 
<-ate  at  tip,  the  forks  very  small;  below  it  on  edge  of  preopercle  a  second 
spine,  small  and  blunt,  and  a  third  scarcely  developed;  nasal  spincH 
prominent;  top  of  head  and  upper  part  of  operdos  with  patches  of  ctenoid 
scales,  a  patch  on  posterior  part  of  interorbital  space  and  behind  eycH. 
sending  a  narrow  band  backwards  along  each  side  of  head  above  opercles, 
and  a  few  in  front  of  dorsal,  leaving  a  seminaked  area  in  front  of  occiput, 
which  has  a  few  scales  scattered  over  it;  many  cirri  on  top  of  head  scat- 
tered among  the  scales,  1  above  posterior  edge  of  each  eye,  1  over  anterior 
edge  of  eye,  2  or  ii  around  edge  of  preopercle,  I  on  end  of  maxillary,  and  ! 
at  each  anterior  lateral  scale  back  to  about  middle  of  lateral  line;  a  baml 
of  rough  scales  along  back,  about  7  scales  wide  anteriorly,  and  compoatid 
of  about  47  oblique  series;  the  scales  obliciuely  eml»edded,  the  upper  pos- 
terior edges  strongly  ctenoid,  the  lower  anterior  edges  embedded;  a  naked 
area  of  nearly  the  same  v/idth  as  band  between  it  and  spinous  dorsal,  the 
band  running  upwards  posteriorly  and  touching  second  dorsal  at  about  its 
middle,  running  back  and  joining  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side  beliind 
the  second  dorsal,  and  eiuling  midway  between  base  of  last  ray  and  base 
of  caudal;  a  r.ingle  row  of  36  scales  similar  to  the  others  following  later;;! 
line.  Dorsal  spines  subequal  from  the  first  to  the  sixth  or  seventh,  the 
fin  not  cciniected  with  soft  dorsal,  which  is  about  the  same  height  as  the 
spinous;  pectoral  rather  large,  reaching  to  the  base  of  fourth  or  fifth  dor- 
sal ray ;  ventrals  scarcely  reaching  vent ;  insertion  of  anal  midway  between 
middle  of  eye  and  base  of  caudal,  its  longest  ray  about  e:xual  to  thofc  of 
dorsal.  Ground  color  olive,  with  about  5  dark  cross  bars  on  back,  tln' 
first  bar  under  middle  of  spinous  dorsal,  the  second  under  front  of  soft 
dorsal,  the  third  under  its  middle,  and  the  fourth  under  its  end,  the  liltli 
being  represented  by  a  blotch  on  top  of  caudal  peduncle;  a  dark  streaU 
at  base  of  caudal  fin ;  sides  ,vith  many  clear-cut,  round,  white  spots,  grow- 
ing larger  downward;  the  lower  row  only  half  spots  where  the  white  of 
the  spot  runs  into  the  white  on  lower  part  of  body;  belly  white;  lips  iiiul 
under  parts  of  head  with  dark,  olive  brown,  wavy  bars  of  about  the  same 
width  as  the  interspaces;  fins  with  wavy  dark  streaks,  except  anal  and 
ventrals,  which  are  white.  Coloration  very  similar  to  Arledius  l<itcva}r.'. 
Length  2i  inches,  Puget  Sound,  in  the  vicinity  of  Port  Ludlow,  Wnsh- 
iugtoii.    One  specimen  taken  in  1896  by  Mr.  Starks.     ("I  take  pleasuK; 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1005 


ill  iwiining  this  Bpecies  for  I'reHuloiit  Mark  Walrod   Harrington  of  the 
University  of  Washinj^^ion."    Starks.) 

.I.ii/rirt»  Itarringtoni,  Staiikh,  I'soo.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  srripB  2,  Vol.  vi,  1896,  .IM,  pi.  74,  Port  Lud- 
low, Washington.    (Type,  No.  5047,  L.  S.  Jr.  Uuiv.  AIuh.) 


ine;  a  baml 


714.  ARTEDIELLUS/  .Jordan. 

\miliellu8,  Jordan,  Cat.  Fish.  N.  A.,  110,  1885  {tineinatm). 

lU'iul  liroad;  tocth  on  vomer  and  palatines;  proopprrnlar  spiiios  2,  the 
Mjjper  larg*^,  Htrongly  booked  upward,  with  no  antler-like pnices-scH  ahove; 
no  slit  behind  last  gill;  gill  inenilManes  free  from  isthmns;  skin  naked, 
MiMtoth;  spinous  dorsal  short,  not  notcheil.  Northern  .seas.  This  genus 
seems  to  ho  nearest  to  ArUdiua,  from  which  it  dillers  chiefly  in  the  naked 
skin  of  head  and  hody.     (Name  a  diiniu'.'.tive  of  Arlcdiits.) 

a.  Pectoral  rnys  about  30;  caudal  rays  ((lfvelo])e(l)  11;  head  with  few  cirri. 

h.  Occiput  witli  a  bony  "^T/iulieraiu'e  on  i-acb  side,  provided  with  radiating  ridges. 

UNCI.NATDS,  2286. 

bb.  Occipr*  rt'itbont  bony  protnberanro  having  radiating  ridges,  its  place  taken 

by  a  blunt  occipital  rid<,'o  or  Hi)ine.  atij^nticus,  2287. 

aa.  Pectoral  rays 22  to  24 ;  caudal  with  9 developed  rays;  head  with  many  ('irri ;  occiput 

with  A'ery  low  round  ridges  or  with  none.  pacificcb,  2288. 

2286.  AIITEDIELU'S  l><I\ATIIS  (Roinhardt). 

Head  21  D.  VII  or  VIII,  12  to  14;  A.  11;  P.  18;  V.  4;  eye  2i  in  head; 
pores  of  lateral  line  18.  Head  brosid,  oviitc;;  eyes  set  high,  the  inter- 
nrldtal  very  narrow,  niuoh  less  than  diameter  of  eyi-;  j;iwK  subequal; 
teeth  rating'  slender,  on  .jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Preoperele  armed 
with  2  spines,  the  lower  short,  pointing  downward,  the  upp«'r  long, 
s*'()iigly  (curved  and  sharp;  opcrcio  below  with  a  single  spine,  termi- 
i..iting  above  in  .a  soft  convex  flap,  eoneealing  beneath  a  depressed,  but 
sliiirp-poinred  spine;  between  the  anterior  and  posterior  pairs  of  nostrils 
occur  2  short  spines  .-md  at  the  occiput  2  others,  all  of  which,  in  oonimtm 
with  the  otiier  spines,  are  directed  downward,  and  project  but  slightly 
iiltove  the  integument;  si  small,  short  cirrus  on  th(^  posterior  margin 
of  the  upper  jaw,  iinmediately  in  front  of  angle  of  mouth;  si  small, 
])ointed  cirrus  above  eye;  origin  of  first  dorsal  above  base  of  pectoral,  its 
licight  i  head;  second  dorsal  a  little  higher;  anal  as  high  as  si'conu  dorsal, 
coterminous  with  it;  pectoral  extending  slightly  beyond  front  of  seeoinl 
•lorsal  (in  adults);  ventrals  long,  reaching  nciirly  to  vent.  Color  whitish 
with  3  grayish  brown  bands  jicross  body,  middle  band  broadest  from  base 
of  second  dorsal;  in  adults  the  bands  are  brrdcon  up  and  not  conspicuous ; 
tins  with  <d)lique  traverse  bands,  well  (b'lined,  except  on  anal,  where  they 
iire  faint.  (Collett.)  Arctic  Europe;  s.t id  to  cross  to  Greenland;  its  range 
southward  uncertain.     (Eu.)     (uncinaliis,  hooked.) 


"The  Japanese  genus  Trachidennus,  Heckel  (CentridermicMhm,  Richardson),  to  which 
this  species  and  many  others  of  our  Cottoids  have  been  referred  by  authors,  diti'ers  from 
.U-U'diellus  in  having' the  slit  behind  the  last  gill  developed  and  thJ'  gill  membranes  fully 
united  to  the  isthmus.    It  is  an  ally  of  Cottus,  of  which  genus  it  may  be  the  ancestor 


:w' 


1900  niillttin  47,  United  States  National  Mnseuni. 


Cotttiit  nneinatus,  llGiNirARDT,  Vid.  Selnk.  Natur.  Math.  AHi.  1833,44,  Qreenland. 
Jcelvg  uncinatus,  KnovEii,  Niiturli.  TidsHkr.  1844,  253. 

Cintridermichlhji»  i(»»cino<M«,  GDnther,  Cat.,  11,172,  1860;   Cou.ett,  Korske  Nord-Iluv:! 
Kxp<!d.,  20,  1880. 

iiW.  AIITKDIKLLIIS  ATLANTICIIS,  Jordan  &  Evermanii,  now  ftpecies. 

H(>u(l2?,;  (l<'i»th.-.;  D.  VII,  13;  A.  11;  P.  20;  cyoSinhead;  maxillary  2': 
pfctoral  H;  ixncs  in  lutcn'iil  liiu!  20.  liody  rather  eloiijjate,  loliust  aiitf- 
liorly,  greatest  height  at  origin  of  dorsal;  l>o<ly  tapering  gradually  into 
the  long  slender  caudal  peduncle ;  mouth  moderate,  tln^  maxillary  reaehinj; 
to  below  middle  of  pupil;  narrow  bands  of  villiform  teeth  on  Jaws,  vomer, 
and  palatines;  interorldtal  a  narrow  ridge;  anterior  nostril  ending  in  ii 
short  tube;  a  line  of  pores  around  orbitals  to  preopercle;  nasal  H])iiii  s 
present,  very  short,  a  pair  of  blunt  protuberances  at  occiput;  a  larjic, 
sbar]),  strongly  curved  spine  at  preopercle,  and  a  short  straight  quo  below 
it  pointing  downward  and  forward ;  a  suuill  Ih'shy  papilla  in  front  of  eui  li 
eye,  and  a  minute  thread-like  tentacle  at  «'ud  of  nuixillary ;  origin  of  dor- 
sal over  base  of  pectoral ;  pectoral  reaching  past  notch  between  dorsals, 
ventrals  inserted  behind  lower  end  of  pectoral  base,  in  distance  equal  to 
length  of  snout,  their  tips  not  quite  reaching  vent.  Color  in  ■  'vi(s, 
creamy,  witli  indi<"ations  of  reddish-brown  cross  Itars,  the  sani'  c  ,  jis 
back;  a  dark  Itlotch  at  base  of  caudal;  head  somewhat  mottled  wilL 
brown;  spinous  dorsal  blackish  with  2  white  streaks  and  a  series  of  spots 
running  transversely  across  the  spines;  second  dorsal  with  6  dark  cross- 
bands,  anal  with  4  similar  bands;  pectoral  and  caudal  with  2  or  3  irregu- 
lar cross  bars.  This  species  difters  from  Collett's  figure  in  the  spines  on 
the  occiput,  being  represented  in  the  cut  as  lower  down  toward  the  sides 
of  head,  and  with  radiating  striations.  Labrador  to  Cape  Cod;  in  rathir 
deep  water.  Here  described  from  a  specimen  21  inches  long  from  Massa- 
chusetts Bay,  taken  by  the  U.  >S.  Fish  Commission.  Very  close  to  Arteditl- 
Iii8  niicinatun  with  which  it  has  been  hitherto  identified,  but  apparently 
distinct. 

Iceliis  vncinaius,  .Johdan  &.  (  iILBEUT,  Synoijsis,  fi!K!,  1883,  specimen  from  coast  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 
Artedielhu  uncinattu,  (iOode  &.  JtEAN,  Oroaiiii'  Iclith,V(ilojj;y,  267,  tig.  255, 1806. 

22S8.  ARTKIIIKLLIIS  PAMFU'IS,  (iilhert. 

D.  VII  or  VIII-12  or  13;  A.  11  or  12;  P.  23,  2  (22  to  24);  V.  I,  3;  caudal 
with  9  divided  rays  (not  11  as  in  ArtedkUus  nncinatna) ;  lateral  lino  24  (L'2 
to  20) ;  length  of  head  (measured  to  end  of  OT>ei:cular  flap)  2|  to  2\^g ;  dei>tii 
4,'; ;  b'ast  de])th  of  caudal  peduncles  IJ  tinu's  in  orbit;  its  length,  from  base 
of  last  anal  ray,  2fj  in  head.  \'ery  closely  related  to  ArtcdieUus  uniinulii», 
differing  in  the  «'ntire  obsolescence  of  the  occi]>ital  protuberauces  or 
ridges,  in  the  incn^ased  number  of  cirri  on  the  head,  the  more  numerous 
pores  of  the  lateral  line,  the  greater  number  of  rays  in  the  pectoral  tins. 
and  the  reduction  in  the  rays  of  the  caudal.  This  diagnosis  is  the  result, 
of  a  comparison  of  our  types  with  Collett's  description  of  Centridirniieli- 
thys   uncinalna    (Norske    Nord-Havs  Expediti  ni,   1880,   29),   no    typical 


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Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1007 


spcciinons  btdng  at  band  for  C()in|iariHon.  Hoad  ovonly  ronndod  in  all 
(lin-ntions,  t\w  orbital  region  not  olovatrd,  tbr  snout  not  angnlatt-d; 
inontb  Bligbtly  largt'r  in  nnilcH  than  in  ft'Uiiib'H,  reaching  vtTticnl  from 
middle  or  po.iterior  margin  of  pupil,  2  J  to  2^  in  hiMid;  lower  jaw  shorter 
iliiin  the  upper,  a  portion  of  tht!  premaxillary  band  of  teeth  projecting 
lieyond  the  niundible  in  closed  mouth;  teeth  cardiform,  in  rather  broad 
li.inds  on  jaws,  and  in  patches  of  varying  si/e  on  vomer  and  palatines;  in 
hiiMie  siiecimens  a  few  teetli  occur  in  a  singh*  convex  series  on  front  of 
\  Miner,  and  but  3  or  1  form  a  line  on  ])al:itiiies;  in  others,  we  find  an  irreg- 
ular double  8eri(>s  or  a  narrow  baud  on  each  of  these  bones;  the  teeth  are 
:i  I  ways  strong  and  are  probably  in  adult  Hpecimens  never  entirely  want- 
ing ou  either  vomer  or  palatines;  longitudinal  diameter  of  orbit  3i  in 
luad ;  interorbital  K]),i<e  very  narrow,  shallowly  concav«',  <'ntirely  occn- 
|)i(»l  by  the  supriaocuiar  eauals,  which  unite  in  a  wingle  port*  opposite 
[losterior  margin  of  orbit;  least  interocular  width  |  pupil;  premaxillary 
piocesses  projecting  but  little  beyond  the  ]trotlIe;  nasal  spines  very  small; 
liiith  pairs  of  nostrils  in  short  tubes,  the  posterior  situated  on  anterior 
oiltital  rim;  occiput  with  2  very  inconspicuous  low  rounded  ridges, 
!i|ipieciated  with  ditficnlty,  and  sometimes  entirely  wanting.  No  trace  of 
the  occipital  spine  seen  in  Massachusetts  specimens  of  J >7«rfic//H«  atlan- 
llriis,  nor  of  the  conical  pi-otuberances  described  and  figured  by  CoHett. 
iiarbels  numerous;  maxillary  barbel  large  and  conspicuous,  sometimes 
simple,  more  often  compound,  furnished  with  from  1  to  4  short  lateral 
liranches;  a  well-develo]»ed  supracxinlar  cirrns,  and  a  pair  of  cirri  on  jms- 
l(  rior  margin  of  occiput,  the  'atter  occupying  the  position  of  occipital 
spines;  a  short  cirrus  near  ba»o  o+'  opercular  ilap,  and  2  or  3  on  pr«'opercIe, 
'.'  (»f  which  aro  usually  at  base  of  th»»  y»reopercnlar  s))ineH;  2  cirri  on  ante- 
rior part  of  trunk,  1  immevliately  above  base  of  pectorals,  the  otln^r  half- 
way between  lateral  line  and  fiont  of  spinous  dorsal ;  8ometim<>s  additional 
cirri  above  front  of  lateral  line,  and  on  lower  margin  of  snbocular  ring; 
11  series  of  4  or  5  very  short  cirri  crossing  the  eye  horizontally  immediately 
iiliovo  tlie  pupil;  gill  membranes  broadly  united,  joined  to  the  isthmns 
iiutcriorly,  with  a  wide  free  margin;  gills  3i,  no  slit  or  pore  behind  last 
;iich;  preopercular  B]>ine8  as  in  ArteiUiJlus  imnnattia,  the  ujjper  one  with- 
imt  smaller  basal  spine.  Dorsal  tins  well  separated,  low  in  females, 
extraordinarily  developed  in  males,  the  spinous  dorsal  in  the  latter  well 
overlapping  front  of  second  dorsal  and  having  all  of  the  spines  exserted, 
tli;'  median  ones  for  +  their  length ;  these  exserted  spines  with  their  free 
portions  narrowly  margined  with  membrane  w^hich  widens  at  their  tips 
to  form  a  cutaneons  Ha]);  soft  dorsal  also  somewhat  eievatcd  in  males; 
viiitral  fins  reaching  halfway  to  vent  in  feniab's,  about  f  this  distance  iu 
males.  A  series  of  5  wide  mucous  slits  running  along  lower  edge  of  sub- 
orbital ring  and  across  ch»'ek;  pores  of  lateral  line  minute,  at  the  ends  of 
uliort  downwardly  directed  branches,  the  main  line  opening  in  a  large 
slit-like  pore  at  base  of  caudal.  Color  much  as  in  Ailed'uUuH  unvhmtua, 
the  lower  parts  whitish,  unmarked,  the  dorsal  region  of  the  trunk  crossed 
by  3  wide  dark  bars,  which  often,  in  adults,  break  up  into  s]>ot8  separated 
l>y  verniiculations  of  the  lighter  ground  color,  1  of  these  bars  below  the 


•1 


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i     i 


1008         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


spinoiiH  dorsal,  running  downward  and  forward  to  base  of  pectoralH,  tlir 
Hocond  under  soft  dorsal,  the  third  on  caudal  peduncle;  top  and  sideu  ol 
head  generally  dark,  with  fine  light  dots  or  v^rniicnlationH ;  a  ii;;lit 
Htreak  Houiotinies  prcHent,  extending  from  prcoperciilar  spine  forwanl 
and  inward,  meeting  its  fellow  inniiediately  behind  tyes:  "^his  V-Hha]M'(i 
niur|{  usually  absent  or  inconspicuous,  but  sonietiuu's,  in  young  spccinicns. 
formed  of  bright  silvery- white  pigment;  other  silvery  spots  or  blottlirs 
may  occur  on  the  lighttT  intervals  of  the  back  or  sid^s;  pectorals,  dorNiil. 
and  caudal  cross-banded;  a  black  blotch  at  baso  of  n))per  and  1  at  liasc  oi 
lower  pectoral  rays;  tips  of  «dongate  dorsal  s])incB  of  the  nuihi  black; 
veutrals  and  anal  unmarked.  Coast  of  Alaska,  in  Bristol  Itay,  soutli  ni 
Saunak  Island  and  north  of  Unalaska,  at  depths  of  from  ^  to  61  fathoms. 
((Gilbert.) 

Artfdifllvg  pacificvt,  Git.HKRT,  Ropt.  U.  S.  Fisli  Coinni.  1893  (1896),  410,  south  of  Sannak 
Island,  at  Albatross  Station  -216.    (Type,  in  U.  S.  Nut.  Mim.    Cull.  Gilbert.) 

715.  RUSCARIUS,  Jordan  &  vStarks. 

Jiusearius,  Johiian  &  Stauks,  Proo.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  807  (meani/i). 

This  genus  is  allied  to  Inlus,  differing  in  the  stouter,  firmer  body,  and 
especially  in  having  the  back,  above  Literal  line,  covered  entirely  witli 
scattered  rough  scales,  not  arranged  in  a  definite  band;  no  naked  area 
b(!l<»w  dorsal  or  in  front  of  dorsal;  3  or  4  preopercular  spines,  only  the 
upper  well  dcvelojted;  no  bony  plates  along  base  of  dorsal;  no  scalo 
below  laleral  line;  preopercniar  spine  long,  bifurcate.  Characters  other- 
wise much  as  in  Aricdiiix  and  Tcrhis,  {nmrKriKm,  from  riiscum,  the  biifcli- 
ers  broom,  a  rough  plant,  in  allusion  to  the  prickly  scales.) 

228«.  RUSCARIUS  IHEANYl,  Jordoii  &  Starks. 

Head  2^  ;  depth  \U.  D.  V-U;  A.  12;  lateral  line  6-32;  orbit  4  in  head; 
maxillary  2;  snout  4;  highest  dorsal  spine  3;  highest  dorsal  ray  3;  pecto- 
ral IJ;  veutrals  2;};  caudal  2J.  Body  robust,  deepest  and  broadest  at 
shoulders,  tapering  <|uickly  backward  into  a  slender  caudal  peduncle; 
back  somewhat  elev.ated;  the  ventral  <mtliue  nearly  straight  from  chin  to 
caudal  fin;  dorsal  outline  gently  and  evenly  curved  from  snout  to  caudal 
peduncle.  Mouth  terminal  and  nearly  horiz(mtal,  maxillary  reach in>i 
past  pupil  nearly  to  posterior  edge  of  orbit;  Jaws  subequal,  teeth  in  nar- 
row villiform  bands  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  process  of  premaxil- 
lary  prominent,  extending  between  and  above  nasal  spines;  preopercniar 
spine  well  developed,  forked  at  tip,  the  forks  small,  the  inner  one  the 
longer,  3  or  4  short  spini^s  below  on  edge  of  preopercle;  opercle  ending  in 

*Nniiu'rous  aiierimeiiB  vrcTO  taken  in  1890  by  the  Albatrotg,  at  Stations  3637,  3638,  iiiiil 
36.39,  otl  St.  raiil  Island,  in  32,  34,  and  27  fathonis;  3643  and  3(i44,  off  rrovostmaya,  Kiiin 
chatka,  lUO  and  90  fathuniH;  3647  and  3648,  ott'  Kobbon  Inland,  in  20fatbonm;  also  taken 
oil'  Karluk  in  1897.  Some  of  these  specimens  are  in  better  state  of  preservation  and  sliow 
the  bead  with  more  pore.s  than  could  be  made  out  in  the  types.  The  top  of  head  i.s  thickly 
studded  with  these  pores,  3  or  4  of  which  are  in  the  interorbital  space.  A  series  of  very 
wide  slits  alon^  under  surface  of  mandilde,  continued  to  base  of  preoj>ercular  spine.  Tlie 
wide  slits  alouj;  edge  of  preorbital  and  on  cheek  are  usually  6  in  number. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1900 


;i  llap;  top  of  liojid  witli  doriiiiil  tliipH,  1  over  mittirior  iniir<;iii  of  c,ve,  iiiwl 
;i  i;n»iii>  of  L'  or  W  over  ]>«)Ht<M'ior  iiiiirgin;  a  few  slutrler  ones  on  impc ; 
iiiucoiia  poru8  iirouiul  inautlihle  large;  oporclu,  upper  part  ol  preoperilu, 
lop  of  head  to  eye8,  and  the  orbital  ring,  covered  with  aharply  ctenoid 
scahw,  upper  part  of  iriH  with  HUiall  roujili  scales,  balance  of  Lead  naked. 
Lateral  lino  with  a  row  of  rough  plates;  ujiper  half  of  body  completely 
covered  with  scales,  their  anterior  edge  <-nibedded,  coiirsely  ctenoid  on 
their  posterior  edge;  lower  half  of  body  naked.  Dorsal  spines  slender, 
ilioso  in  the  middle  highest,  the  lin  without  a  notch,  the  longest  spines 
reaching  to  front  of  soft  dorsal  whore  lin  is  deiiressod,  well  separated  from 
«(itt  dorsal;  llrst  dorsal  ray  inserted  over  lirst  anal  ray,  the  tin  longer  and 
lii<;her  than  anal;  pectorals  somewhat  pointed  posteriorly,  reaching  Just 
piist  the  space  between  dorsals;  voutrals  inserted  behind  the  Itase  of 
|M<ctorals  a  distance  equal  to  the  length  of  snout,  their  tips  reaching  to 
tlic  front  of  the  anal;  caudal  slender,  rounded  behind.  Color  olive  gray, 
belly  dusky;  back  with  dark  cross  shades,  irrogular  in  number  and  size, 
litlow  lateral  line  light  with  small  wavy  bars  running  across  to  within  a 
sliiirt  distance  of  anal  Hu,  and  fading  out;  head  with  cross  shades  above; 
a  dark  bar  from  eye  to  side  of  snout,  1  from  eve  downward  past  end  of 
uiiixiUary,  another  behind  it  across  posterior  edge  of  prooperclo;  some 
(lark  markings  «m  maxillary;  lower  lip  dark;  pectorals  light  with  dark 
wavy  lines  across  them ;  dorsal  fins  dark  and  mottled;  anal  and  ventrals 
varying  from  white  to  black;  caudal  with  a  dark  bar  at  base,  light  with 
irregular  dark  cross  markings.  Piiget  Sound ;  2  specimens  dredged,  about 
U  inches  ir  length,  at  Point  Orchard,  near  .Seattle,  Washington.  (Named 
for  Edmond  Stephen  Meany,  Professor  of  Ameri<-an  History  in  the  Univer- 
,sity  of  Washington,  a  leading  member  of  the  Young  Naturalists'  Society 
of  Seattle.) 

liuicarins  meanyi,  Jobdan  &  Stauks,  Troc.  Cal.  Ac.  Soi.  1891),  805,  pi.  80,  Port  Orchard, 
Elliott  Bay,  Puget  Sound.     (Type,  No.  3127,  L.  S.Jr.  I'uiv.Mus.    Coll.E.C.  Starks.) 


716.  RASTRINUS,  .Jordan  &  Evermann. 

h'dstrinug,  JOHDAN  &  EvEHMANN,  Cliock-List  Fishes,  437.  1H9H  (sexMycr). 

Tills  genus  is  near  Ivvlus,  IVom  which  it  differs  in  tli«^  absence  of  the 
.series  of  dorsal  plates,  the  l)aek  being  elo.sely  scaly  as  iu  Jiuscarins.  Four 
preopercular  spines,  all  simple  and  weak.  Head  rough;  sides  l)elow 
lateral  line  scaly;  upper  preopercular  spine  simph;  or  bifurcate;  liody 
sieiider;  eye  very  large.  Pacific  Ocean,  (rastruiii,  a  scraper,  from  the 
lough  scales.) 

2290.  BASTRIM'S  SCUTKJKll  (Bean) 

Head  3 ;  depth  5.  D.  IX,  19 :  A.  18 ;  V.  T,  3 ;  lateral  line  41 ;  eye  twice  as 
litiig  as  snout  and  f  as  long  as  head;  maxillary  extending  to  below  middle 
ttl'eye,  and  broadly  expaii<h'd  behind;  interorhital  space  extremely  nar- 
row, less  than  J  length  of  eye;  pe«'toral  extending  to  above  sixth  ray  of 
iiiial;  preoperculum  having  a  weak,  simph^  spin(^  hookc^d  upward,  and  3 
weak  ones  pointing  backward  and  downward;  teeth  on  vomer  and  palate ; 


■'j':l ; 


'H  1 


■  mjAWUWJPJJJIIIMUlJI,:, 


Stl 


1910         niilletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1i«>a(l  with  inititito  Hpiiiy  hi-iiIos,  inoHt  altiin<liiiit  on  t1i«<  npi)i>r  lirif ;  nil  of  tlir 
hiifk  tiltovr  liitrnil  lint'  tlniscly  <'<>v«'if<l  \\  if  li  siiiiill  spiny  Mrjilts;  liitriji] 
liiu«  uiii(l««  lip  of  niiNiMl  tiib«'H;  ii  r«nv  I'oiijrli  Hciilcs  initlrr  liitiMiil  lino  on 
Ht'i-onil  hiilt'  of  liody;  briiiirliiostc};!)!  iiifiiilinin«>s  liioiiilly  iiiiitnl  antl  wtll 
iViTil  iVoin  istliniiia;  slit  Ix-liiinl  foiiitii  ^ill  olisolt-to;  spinous  iIdihiiI  very 
lii^li,  its  lon^t'st  spiiio  jj  iih  Ion;;  ns  Ih-jmI;  alioiit  4  liirj{i>,  tlaik  hlotclii.s 
an'oHH  hark  ami  st-vcral  Binallrr  ont-s  hrtwcrn  tliriii.  Li>ii);th  Hj^  inclics. 
Boring  St-a,  off  Trinity  Islanils,  in  d»')'p  water.     (Bran.) 

Conrrrning  this  spct-h's,  Dr.  Gilhi-it  oIihcivcs: 

This  HptM-iuH  Ih  (listin^iiishttd  from  all  othiM'H  in  the  {i>:uiin8  IwIuh  hy  the 
ubHOUco  of  thu  HoriuH  of  uiilar^eil  spinoiiH  platos  alou^'  thu  hasi;  of  tlio  doisiil 
till.  Our  Hpe<-iiueii8  agroo  with  the  typ»»  in  having  tho  sides  above  latoiul 
lino  densely  lovenMl  with  scales.  Those  are  not  nnjforni  in  si/.n,  and  air 
arranged  in  rather  irregular  oblique  aerirs.  The  sides  behind  pectoiiils 
<'ontain  large  H|»inoiis  plates,  and  (he  tail  btdow  lateral  line  is  diMisilv 
scaled,  leaving  only  a  narrow,  naked  strip  along  viuh.  side  of  anal  ha.-c. 
As  stated,  the  upper  half  of  head  is  densely  covered  with  small  pricklcn. 
As  in  other  species  of  Icilus,  the  upper  preopcrcnlar  spine  may  be  Hiiii|ili> 
or  bifurcate.  The  latter  condition  obtains  in  nu)st  of  our  specimens.  All 
of  the  preoperciilar  spines  are  weaker  than  in  other  species  of  the  ;;eiMis. 
(!om|)ared  with  the  nearest  allies,  larlits  currops  and  Icdus  eavulifiilalnn, 
the  species  is  further  distinguished  by  its  more  roimst  body  (the  de|itli 
approximately  5  in  length,  instead  of  nearly  (!),  by  the  smaller  eytj  (in 
which  the  snout  is  contained  l.V  times  instead  of  nearly  twice),  the  ii.ir- 
rower  interorbital  space,  the  very  slight  development  of  the  occipit.il 
crests,  the  obsolescense  of  the  occipital  spines,  and  the  great  height  of  t  In- 
spinous  dorsal  fin  in  the  male  specime.is.  It  has  also  a  shorter  second 
dorsal  lin,  the  formuhein  11  specimens  being  IX,  19;  IX,  19;  IX,  19;  IX.  l!i; 
IX,  19;  IX,  20;  X,  19;  X,  19;  X,  20;  X,  20;  X,  20.  It  has  less  the  appeaianc(^ 
of  a  deep- Avater  species,  the  mucous  canals  and  pores  being  less  conspicuous 
and  the  color  lighter,  with  no  brownish-black  or  bine-black  tints.  In  alco- 
holic specimens  the  upper  parts  are  light  brown,  the  lower  side  of  head  and 
belly,  including  the  ventral  tins,  whitish.  A  vertical  black  bar  occupies 
base  of  upper  half  of  pectorals,  a  streak  cxt(Miding  from  its  lower  end  out 
along  middle  ray  of  lin.  The  bla<'k  bars  characteristic  of  its  congeners 
are  here  represented  by  irregular,  rather  sharply  defined,  blotches  on  liacU 
and  sides.  These  extend  also  onto  si>inous  and  soft  dorsal  lins.  A  distinct 
dark  streak  runs  forward  from  eye,  crossing  preraaxillariea,  and  leavini; 
tip  of  snout  pale.  Mouth  and  gill  cavities  white.  North  Pacific;  nuuici- 
ous  specimens  taken  by  the  Alhatrosx  south  of  the  Alaskan  Peninsula,  at  ,i 
depth  of  138  fathoms.     (Gilbert.)     (scutum,  shiehl;  ffero.  I  bear.) 

Icelu*  scutiger,  Bean,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Mas.  1890, 41,  Trinity  Islands,  Alaska,  56°  N.,  154 
ao'  W.,  at  Albatross  Station  2853,  in  159  fathoms;  Gilbert,  Keiit.  U.S. Fish  Couim. 
1893  (1896),  415. 


M 


'  -,';L.'..'^i*"^^JL3E;'n^ 


,*;; 


Jordan  and  Ever mann, — Fishes  of  North  Ameriea.     1911 


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lor  t-yt;  (ill 
')>  tlio  11. ir- 
0  ocoipit.il 
iijLfht  oft  lie 
pter  hccoikI 

19;  IX.  Ill; 

Itpeaniiico 
unspicnoiis 
111  alcii- 
•1"  head  ami 
ir  occupies 
er  ond  on! 

cou<i;enors 
08 ou  ]>a<k 

A  distinct 
id  leuvinu 

c;  nniiicr- 
asula,  at  M 

) 

56°  N.,  154 
Fish  Cuuiiii. 


717.  ICELUS,  Kniyer. 
Irehm,  KH<">rEii,  NnluruliHt  'I  idnHkr.  i,  '.'.Vl,  184.1  (/kiwki/i/*). 

lieud  largo.  rro(>))urciiIar  spinoH  i,  the  upper  booked,  sinipln  or  hifiP'- 
catu  at  tip,  without  aiitlor-like  itroccasuM.  Occiput  with  ur  withunt  Hpinos. 
Itody  Hlondur,  fusit'orin,  with  a  dorHal  sorioH  uf  Itouy  jdatoH  I'roni  ueck  to 
l)aHo  of  caudal;  lateral  line  with  ohhoiih  tiibia'ch's;  Hcittorod  scaleH  on 
sideH  aud  belly.  (Sill  inombrauos  broadly  uuitod,  free  from  tho  iHthmiiH, 
no  slit  behind  fourth  y;ill.  l)or>4alH  Ho])arato;  vontrals  I,  H,  thoracic;  nu 
jioctural  tilanienta.  Villiforni  teeth  ou  jaws,  vomer,  and  ])alatinoH. 
itranchiostogals  6.  Arctic  rcj.;ion8,  ("/>reAo5,  Icehin,  son  <»f  Ilyitnus,  tlio 
i^od  of  sleep;  Kriiyer  says:  " Navnot  valf?t  mod  IlenHyn  till  ulkoartornes 
Porskhod,  saavelsom  til  <lou  Nordlij;*'  llopael,  noglo  ai  Oldtidens  Korfat- 
tcro  anvittte  S0vugmlou.'') 

((.  Anal  rays  14  or  15;  depth  about  .I  in  luiiKtIi;   lUirnal  IX,  18  to  20;  ucri|iiit  witli  2 
]mirs  oCHpiiiOH  on  iiach  sidu,  a  deep  median  pit  l)cl\vcfn  tiion).         iiicoiiNis,  2'JOl. 
na.  Anal  rays  17  to  10;  dorsal  VII  to  IX,  lit  to  24 ;  depth  .5  to  0  in  longtli. 

h.  Dornal  witli  10  or  20Hort  rays;  depth  5  iuleugtii;  occiput  nearly  ]>lain,  without 
l)itor  ])roniinu]it  ri(l;;c.s.  BPlN'ioi<:u,  2202. 

bb.  Dorsal  with  2li  or  24  sot't  rays. 

0.  Dorsal  spines  IX;  head  with  the  nuicons  channels  not  greatly  developed ; 
top  of  head  scaly  fir  prickly. 
d.  Eye  2J  to  2^  in  head,  twice  length  of  snout.  KUBYOPs,  220;}. 

dd.  Eyo2il  to  :i  in  head,  1)  times  length  of  snout;  top  of  head  with  :i 
pairs  of  fllaiuents.  vkinalis,  2204. 

ce.  Dorsal  spines  VII  or  VI 1 1 ;  top  of  heail  mostly  smooth ;  operclos  smooth ; 
1  pair  of  filaments  on  fop  of  head;  mueiferoiis  chitniieln  of  Lead 
highly  developed.  canaliculatuh,  2205. 

ana.  Anal  and  dorsal  rays  unknown ;  body  very  slender,    .epth  7  in  length;  no  occipi- 
tal spines;  eye  3  in  head.  AUSTBAUS,  2296. 

2-iOl.  U;ELI;K  KICOKMS  (Ileinhardt). 

Head  3;  depth  5.  D,  IX,  19  or  20;  A.  14  or  15;  V.  I,  3;  P.  18  or  19.  Hotid 
large,  naked;  upper  preopercular  Hpine  Huiall,  hooked  upward,  bifur- 
cate, 3  spines  below  it,  2  of  them  hooked  upward;  2  bliiut  occipital 
spines;  vertex  depressed.  Skin  of  body  above  with  warty  scales  and 
small  prickles;  some  rows  of  bony  scales  from  neck  to  base  of  caudal ;  a 
scries  of  plates  along  lateral  line;  sides  of  body  with  scattered  scales; 
scales  on  sides  between  the  plates  variable,  as  also  tho  scales  below  pec- 
torals; small  scales  sometimes  along  base  of  anal;  iuterocular  space  very 
narrow,  its  width  4  in  eye ;  dorsals  separated ;  pect(»rals  shorter  than  head ; 
nuchal  spines  varying  with  age;  with  the  young  the  anterior  pair  half- 
way between  eye  and  posterior  pair,  with  adults,  the  2  pairs  touching, 
the  posterior  much  longer ;  preopercular  spine  simply  emarginate  iu  young ; 
adult  with  the  plates  more  nmgh ;  no  air  bladder ;  gill  membranes  broadly 
Joined,  free  from  isthmus;  no  slit  behind  last  gill.  Yellowish,  with  mauy 
brown  spots. 

Ensign  H.  G.  Dresol  thus  de.scribes  a  fine  example,  6  inches  long,  of 
this  species  (No.  28630  U.  S.  Nat.  Mut..  collection)  obtained  in  Davis  Straits 
l.y  Mr.  N.  P.  Scudder:   D.  IX,  20;   A.  16;  P.  18;  V.  1,3;  lateral  line  41. 


•SsiMi!sr-SSK^m 


"■^-fjw^^rsff^Wr' 


amvi 


! 


1911 


nullt'tin  /7,  knifed  States  Natiotial  Museum. 


The  Ixidy  is  ('iiMiforin,  with  tiit-  ulMloiiiiniii  <mtliiit>  nearly  Ntniiglit;  tin 
);i'i>at«-Ht  hiM^ht  of  the  hotly  nt  the  <iri{iriii  of  th*-  HpinoiiH  dorHiil  liii  is 
][  of  th*'  total  Ini^rth  of  thr  caudal  hiiHo.  The  ruinliil  pctluiiclc  is  HluiKhr. 
the  least  height  of  the  tail  heiiig  only  \  of  thu  frreatest  height  of  thr 
hody.  Tb(t  head  is  lar)j;o  ami  naked,  its  length  lieing  eontained  L'jj  tinie>> 
in  the  total  length  to  the  eauilal  hiise.  The  nuchal  re;>iun  hits  a  eross 
ridge  in  front  of  which  is  a  quudiate  dH))ression.  Tho  occiput  is  aiinni 
with  a  i>air  of  blunt  spines,  tho  length  of  a  spine  being  \  of  the  greateNi 
diameter  of  the  eye.  At  the  base  of  earh  spine  is  a  blunt  protuberance. 
The  preopcrcle  is  armed  with  \  spines,  the  njtpor  of  which  is  the  lon-r 
est,  bifureate,  ami  hookcil  upward,  the  1  next  below  is  slightly  bent 
upward,  and  tho  remaining  2  are  bent  downward  and  forward.  The  sub- 
orbital stay  is  prominent.  The  eye  is  large,  placed  next  to  the  n]>]ier  ])ro- 
tile  of  the  head,  its  greatest  diameter  is  etjual  to  the  length  of  the  snout, 
ami  is  \  of  the  length  of  the  head.  The  interorbital  an-a  is  very  narrow 
and  concave,  its  width  being  :t  of  the  greatest  iliametcr  of  the  eye.  Tlie 
nui.\illa  extends  slightly  beyond  the  vertical  through  the  jjosterior  nuirgin 
of  the  eye,  and  its  length  is  c<nitained  2  times  in  the  length  of  the  head. 
The  teeth  are  in  villiform  bands  on  the  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatiii"*.  Tiic 
body  is  chietly  naked,  with  a  dorsal  si-ries  of  2\\  bony,  scale-like  plates 
beginning  opposite  the  sixth  dorsal  spine  and  extending  upon  tlm  upper 
side  i)f  the  caudal  peduncle;  a  secon»l  scries  of  11  similar  plates  along  the 
lateral  line.  There  are  2  or  3  of  these  plates  on  either  side  of  tho  nape, 
behind  the  occipital  spines,  and  a  patch  of  4  or  5  plates  below  the  lateral 
line  in  the  pectoral  region.  The  spinous  dorsal  begins  ov«t  thc^  tip  of  flic 
opercular  Hap,  ami  the  length  of  its  base  is  equal  to  that  of  the  upper  Jaw ; 
it  is  composed  of  9  slender  iind  flexible  Hi)iues,  the  hmgest  spine  being  as 
long  as  the  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  to  the  orbit.  Th«(  soft  dor- 
sal, of  20  rays,  begins  halfway  between  the  tip  of  the  snout  and  the  base 
of  the  caudal  tin.  Its  base  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  long- 
est ray  is  \  the  length  of  its  base.  The  origin  of  tho  anal  fin  is  under 
the  third  dorsal  ray;  the  length  of  its  base  is  equal  to  th(^  greatest  height 
of  tho  body,  an<l  the  longest  ray  is  as  long  as  the  longest  dorsal  8]»ine. 
Tho  caudal  fin  is  rounded,  the  middle  rays  being  as  long  as  the  maxilla. 
The  length  of  the  pectorjil  base  is  \  of  that  of  the  head,  and  tho  longest 
pectoral  ray  is  equal  in  length  to  the  greatest  height  of  tho  body.  Th.' 
ventral  fin  is  composed  of  1  spin<i  and  3  rays,  its  h'ngth  being  \  of  that  of 
the  head.  Ther*^  are  lU)  gill  rakers,  but  the  anterior  arch  bears  9  or  10  low 
tubercles.  Color  in  spirits,  a  light  olive  brown  above,  yellowish  below; 
belly  white;  a  large  dark  brown  blotch,  marked  with  white,  t^xtemls 
from  the  base  of  the  spinous  dorsal  down  upon  the  side  to  the  bas«'  of  the 
pectoral  fin,  being  darkest  Just  behind  the  opercular  flap;  a  second  sim- 
ilar, but  narrower,  blotch  on  the  back  from  the  seventh  to  the  tenth  dor- 
sal rays  extends  obli(iuely  down  and  forward  to  below  the  lateral  line  ; 
a  third  faint  blotch  on  the  back,  at  the  end  of  the  soft  dorsal;  in  addi- 
tion ihero  ar«i  numerous  smaller  spots  and  blotches  along  the  lateral  lim% 
and  a  triangular  spot  on  the  caudal  peduncle  at  the  caudal  base;  cheeks 


i':-.:i'^^':JKf-iyMi^.L^~i'':.U^ 


'wm 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  Amirica,     1913 


lirowii,  iiiarbltid  w-itli  yrllow;  tlorsiil,  catuliil,  iiiul  ix^ctoral  tins  with  iinr- 
ruw  lilar|{  truuHTorBU  ItamlN;  a  daik  spot  on  tlu-  puotural  tin  near  its  ItuHc; 
;iuul  uad  vuutruls  oolurlvHs. 

Couoorning  its  occuroucu  in  Alaska,  Dr.  (iilbort  ubHorves: 

"Not  hitlierto  recorded  from  Taritir  waters.  Onr  HpeciinoiiH  are  iiioro 
I'onHtaut  in  their  charactorH  than  tlie  Atlantiu  individiialH  rtiportcd  on  by 
(.'ollett  (Den  Norako  Nord-IIavH  iOxpiiditioii,  IHXO,  :{5).  A  detinitu  narrow 
band  of  line  prickles  extends  alon^  the  npp*>r  cdgit  of  tlio  dorsal  HeriuH  of 
|ilat«'H,  UHiially  otciipying  less  than  .1  tlie  upace  l)ctw«>eii  plates  and  baHu 
of  dorsals,  and  extending  posteriorly  to  end  of  soft  dorHal.  8iniilai- 
pricklcH  rover  top  and  sides  of  hrad.  The  plates  «)f  the  lateral  \\\w 
invariably  extend  to  the  root  of  the  caudal  tin,  and  the  dorsal  series  to 
tlit^  back  of  the  caudal  petlunclu.  None  of  the  speeinieiiB  befi»re  us  has 
plates  along  the  base  of  the  anal  tin.  The  Hpecies  ditlers  conspicuously 
from  fcdn8  spin'ujcr  and  loelns  ranali<;iil(ttun  in  having  a  deep  pit  on  occi- 
put, bounded  laterally  by  high  occipital  ridges,  each  of  which  bears  2 
roumUid  prominences  or  spines.  The  preopercuhir  spines  are  longer  and 
Hliarper,  and  the  bifurcation  of  the  upper  spine  tleeper  than  in  the  species 
luuntioned.  In  2  individuals  the  upper  spine  is  trifurcate,  the  brunches 
very  long  and  carving  upward.  The  tin  rays  in  (5  speeiniens  are  as  fol- 
lows: Dorsal  VIII,  20;  IX,  19;  IX,  21;  IX,  20;  IX,  20;  IX,  ID.  Anal  10,  1(J, 
15,  17,  16,  15.  These  average  slightly  higher  than  counts  of  Atlantic 
specimens,  none  of  which  is  at  hand  for  coni]>ariaon.  The  Pacitic  form 
may  jtrove  specifically  separable.  The  species  is  not  al»undnntly  repre- 
sented in  our  collection.  It  was  taken  only  within  a  limited  area  north 
uf  Unimak  Island,  in  depths  of  17^  to  49  fathoms,  at  AlhatrosB  Stations 
,'{250,  3252,  3253,  3254,  3255,  and  3256." 

Arctic  seas;  circumpolar,  if  all  specimens  named  hicornis  and  hamatns 
belong  to  one  species,  which  is  doubtful.  Spitzbergen  to  northern  Kussia, 
I'iulaud,  Alaska,  Labrador,  and  Cape  Cod;  abundant  about  Qreenlantl  in 
2  to  100  fathoms.    Length  6  inches.     (Eu.)     (fticornis,  two-horned.) 

Cultus  bieornis*  Rkinharut,  Vid.  Selsk.  Nat\ir.  Math.  Afli.,  viu,  1833, 75,  Greenland. 

dentridermichthys  bicornu,  GOntheb,  Cat.,  u,  172, 1860. 

Iciim biconiis,  Jobdan  ifc  Gilueut,  Syuopsis, 693 ;  (iiLUEiiT,  Kept.  U.S.  Fiah. Coiiiiii.  18!»3 
(1890),  411. 

Icdus  hamalu»,  KRrtYEB,  Nat.  Hist.  Tidsskr.,  i,  25U,  1844,  Belsund  in  Spitzbergen; 
GCnthek,  Cat.,  II,  172;  GCnthek,  Challenger  Ucport,  xxu,  03;  Collett,  Norj;eH  Fi«ke, 
35;  CoLLETT,  Forli.  Vid.  Selsk.  C'hriHt.,  14, 1880;  Coli.ett,  Norsk  Nordli.Exped.,  Fiske, 
34,  tab.  1,  tig.  8 ;  NytMag.  f.  Niitiirvid.,  xviii,  56,  1884;  LUtken,  Kara-IIavists  Fisko  iu 
Uympbiia-Togtet,  123;  LUtken,  Vid.  Met.  Nat.  For.,  02, 1870;  STRfiM,  Norsk.  Vid.  Si'lak. 
Skrift.,  18,  1884;  LiLLJEBOKO,  Svorig.  ocU  Norg.  Fiske,  164;  Dke«el,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mas.  1884, 252. 

Icduafurdge:    Malm,  Forliandl.  Skand.  Naturf.,  9  Mote,  410, 1805,  Bohuslan,  Sweden. 


'  According  to  Dr.  Liitken,  Ootttit  bicornis  is  identical  with  Icelus  hamatus,  this  opinion 
being  based  on  a  drawing  of  bicornis  left  by  Iteinhardt.  Liitken  also  thinks  that  Coitnit 
linlari»  may  bo  the  sanii;  ttsli.  dottug  polaris  is  said  to  have  D.  Vl  to  vill,  13;  A.  14; 
Cottiit  bicomw  was  said  to  have  D.  VIII,  15;  A.  14;  y,\\\iln  in  Icelu»  hamatuti,  CoUett  counts 
D.  VIII,  19;  A.  15;  Lutken,  D.  IX,  If*  or  20;  A.  14  or  16. 

3030 43 


-I. 
Jjii 


1014         DulU'tin  /7,  (■nitcd  States  National  Museum. 


i 
m 


itXti.  li'V.\,lH  NPI.MMIK,  (iillmrt. 

\\M\i\  21  to  :»;  iloptli  5;  oyo  U  to  \\\  in  li.uil.  I).  IX,  20;  A.  17;  \\  18;  V 
I,  It.  ('loHoly  loHuinblliiK  Ictliin  hUorniit,  but  ilitloriiig  «-oiiH|>ii;iioiiHly  in  tiif 
Hrniiitunt  of  tlio  dorHul  Ni-rioH  of  pliitt^H  in  tho  roniparntlvuly  iilanooiTipiit, 
niid  in  othur  fhuravtorH.  (Jiinilul  )iutlnnrlo  very  sli-n'lor,  itH  dopth  2^  in 
orbit;  iiioiitli  liirff^f  t\w  maxillary  reaching  Hliglitly  boyontl  midtlht  oi 
orbit,  itH  length  A  head;  teeth  very  finely  villitbrni,  pri'Nent  in  rather  wide 
bandH  in  JawH  and  on  vomer  and  palatin*^  bunea;  nuHal  HplnuH  atron^, 
Hoparatud  by  the  high  ascending  procoHHCH  of  tb*>  )>rt)maxillariuH;  int<>r 
orbital  B|)ace  very  narrow,  grooved,  itH  width  Ichh  than  j  diameter  oi 
pupil;  orbital  rim  becoming  elevated  anteriorly  and  ]>oBteriorly,  and,  at 
tho  latter  point,  Htrongly  denticulated;  behind  the  orbital  region,  tin' 
occiput  is  Hballowly  <'oncave,  being  bounded  laterally  by  2  low,  evenlv 
rounded  ridguM,  which  become  narrower  poHteriorly,  and  eud  each  in  ii 
strong  spine  projecting  backward  in  line  with  the  series  of  dorsal  prickleN; 
pruopercnlar  Hpines  similar  to  those  of  IirliiB  hintrnis,  the  uppermost,  a.s  in 
the  latter,  oecasionally  simple  iimtead  of  bifurcate;  the  second  spine 
usually  directed  straight  backward,  and  th*^  2  following  downward  and 
forward;  gill  membranes  broadly  united,  free  from  the  isthmus,  iinii 
neither  ])ore  nor  slit  behind  the  innermost  gill;  branehiostegals  <>;  eye 
largo,  longer  than  snout;  a  slender  tentacle  present  over  the  posterim 
part  of  each  orbit;  a  series  of  plates  from  nape  along  each  side  of  dorHulH 
to  back  of  caudal  peduncle,  and  a  second  series  along  lateral  line,  an  in 
IvcliiH  hicorim;  the  dorsal  series  with  28  to  35  ]>lates,  each  of  which  ben  is 
at  its  center  a  single  strong  spine  directed  outward  and  backward.  In 
Iirliia  hironiia,  each  plate  is  traversed  by  an  oblitiue  ridge,  the  margin  of 
which  is  denticulated,  the  central  t«>oth  being  the  strongest  and  em- 
res])ondiug  to  the  single  spine  present  in  Irelua  apiniijcr.  The  latter  agrees 
with  Itrl  1(8  canalwiilatiia  in  having  an  inner  series  of  dorsal  plates  alttu- 
nating  with  the  principal  series,  each  of  the  smaller  plates  b«;arin<,r  :i 
minute  prickle,  disotirnible  with  dilliculty.  Tho  plates  along  the  latent  1 
line,  11  to  44  in  number,  are  similar  to  those  in  JvcIuh  bicornis,  having  their 
upper  and  posterior  free  nuirgius  serrulate.  A  low  scattered  spinous 
plates  present  in  axillary  region.  Dorsal  fins  not  connected,  the  spiin  s 
very  slender  and  rather  high;  pectorals  long,  reaching  front  of  anal; 
veutrals  not  reaching  vent.  Color  light  olivaeeous  above,  white  below; 
upper  parts  mottled  with  dark  brown;  back  with  4  faint  black  cross  bars, 
the  first  under  spinous  dorsal,  the  second  and  third  under  soft  dorsal,  the 
fourth  at  base  of  caudal;  a  brown  blotch  on  cheek,  1  on  base  of  pectoral, 
and  an  irregular  Fvies  along  full  length  of  body  just  under  the  lateial 
line;  2  prominent  black  blotches  on  first  dorsal;  the  second  dorsal, 
caudal,  and  pectoral  barred;  other  fins  unmarked;  mouth  and  gill  cavity 
white.  Coast  of  Alaska;  numerous  specimens  from  Albatross  Stations 
3216,  3224,  3225,  3226, 3257,  325«,  3263,  3267,  3278,  3279, 328(),  3292, 3302,  3:U1, 
3334;  in  17  to  121  fathoms.     These  stations  are  located  in  the  vicinity  ot 


I.,  li  'JK  i£-A  t 


^         I 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishts  of  North  America,     1015 


riitilu.sku  iHlaudiiiHl  ill  Kristol  lluy,  Aluskiv.     ((iilliuit.)    (ii;>tn<//«>',  Iwitrlnt; 
.Hpiiiea.) 

/i'>7Mi'«jii)ii|/«r,  lilMiliiiT,  i:<>|)t.  I'.S.  I-'IhIi  (;(iiiiiii.  |M|i:i  (IWMI),  tl'J.  |il. '.'t,   Bristol   Bay  and 
Unalaaka,  at  Albatrois  Stations  3ai6,  3333,  and  elkcwhere,  in  17  to  lai  fathomn. 

itm.  UKI.IIN  1:1  ItVOPM,  II.  nil. 


lliiMia;  .l.ptli  r.^  1).  IX,  !.':{;  a.  1M;  v.  I.  :i;  hitniil  lino  \'^.  i;.v«' 
:il)ollt  twin>  IIH  Idlig  JiM  Hiiuiit  1111)1  \  lis  loiiy;  iis  liciul.  M:i\illii  Hrairrly 
lAtfiiiliii);  to  Im-Iow  iiiiililli'  tiri-yr;  iiitoioi  liitiil  M|)ii<'i>  nlMiiit  ^  iriigtii  of 
i'V(>;  ofripiit  with  '1  Npiiirn;  iicrtoral  i>\t«)ii<liii^  to  nliovr  hccoihI  niv  of 
iiiiiil;  pi'coiK'irli^  jii'tnril  lis  ill  InluH  Hcniiiivr;  voiii*>r  anil  paltitr  well  tootliuil; 
jii'Mil  Hctilcil  UH  ill  Ivvhia  Hciilhief;  lati-nil  liii<<  roiiipoHi>il  of  ruJHril  tiilx^H;  a 
^iii;;lt>  surii'S  of  Hpiny  HiaittH  on  hack  alon^;  haHO  of  dorsals;  hraiirhioHti'^al 
iiH'iiihraiii'H  hi'oadly  iiniti-il,  frrr  Iroiii  isthniiiH;  Hlit  hchinil  laHt  ^il|  oliso- 
li  )u.  Spinous  iloi'Hal  low,  ita  loii^fHt  H)iiii<-  less  tiiaii  ^  h-iifrtii  of  lirad. 
rmir  dark  hands  acioHS  hack,  the  tirst  over  the  end  of  the  Hpinoiis  dorsal, 
2  on  the  Hoft  diuaai,  and  1  tit  base  of  caudal,  (iciieial  culor  li^ht 
Ihowii.     Hciin^  Sea,  olf  Tiinil.v  iHlaiids.     (Dean.) 

Dr.  Oilitert  has  the  followin;;  notes  on  1  of  the  cotypes  (No.  4r)H»57,  U.  S. 
N:it.  Mils.)  of  IcehtH  rnryopx,  kindly  loaned  hy  Dr.  IJcan:  Specimen  77  nun. 
loii^,  05  mill,  to  hase  of  caudal  tin.  licad  22  iiiiii.  to  end  of  opercular  spine; 
depth  11;  orhit  M).^ ;  HiioutD.^;  maxillary  11;  intcrorhital  width  1,\.  Dorsal 
IX,'_'3;  anal  1!»;  pectoral  IM;  caudal  !•  (ilivided  rays).  I'reopcn-ular  spines 
iis  in  ItrhiH  rivinalia,  the  upper  spine  uhiiornial  on  1  side,  showiiifr  ',\  ]ioints 
instead  of  2;  hclow  the  forked  spine  are  3  others,  1  directed  backwiird 
and  a  littlo  downward,  1  nearly  vertically  downwind,  and  1  downward 
mid  forward;  nasal  spines  strong;  occipital  ridges  obvious  with  easily 
)Mi(ep'„ible  sh>nder  spines,  about  as  in  Ivelnn  richialix,  broadly  rounded 
anteriorly,  scarcely  rid;;e-like  until  iininediately  in  front  of  spines.  Head 
latiicr  closely  invested  with  scales,  scarcely  so  r«)u^li  or  so  numerous  as 
in  Ivtlntt  vlcinalis,  but  more  so  than  in  Iceliix canitlioiilalus',  opercle  covered 
with  scales.  Filaments  as  in  IviIhh  vU'inalin;  1  pair  above  eyes,  1  ante- 
riorly on  occiput,  and  1  oecupyin;;  tips  of  occipital  a|iines;  the  pair  on 
opercle  cannot  be  made  out.  Armature  of  body  as  in  less  stroiif^ly  scaled 
specimens  of  Ictlita  ricinalis;  lateral  line  provided  with  the  usual  spinous 
scales.  43  or  44  in  number;  •<()  scales  in  tin-  dorsal  series,  wlii*  li  extends  to 
liiist>  of  caudal;  above  it  a  rather  crowded  irrejjular  series  of  smaller 
SI  ale-like  prickles,  some  of  which  are  larger  than  the  others  and  alternate 
rather  rej;ularly  with  the  phlti-s  on  the  principal  series;  posteriorly  the 
smaller  «>f  the  upper  series  are  alisent,  the  alternatinj;  lar^jtT  ones  alone 
piiseiit;  10  or  12  small  spinous  plates  are  irre;^iilarly  disposed  between 


'  S))»!cimen8  w«ire  obtained  in  18116  by  this  Albatrunt  at  St ationH  3r)43  and  3644,  olT  Provost- 
iiKiva,  Kamchatka,  in  lUd  and  06  fathonm.  Females  of  tiiis  Mpecies  seem  more  spinous 
lliiiii  males.  The  spines  on  Hii|(i'aorbital  rid(;e  are  liigber,  the  sulmrliital  stay  is  fre<iueiit]y 
priiviiled  with  2  low  spinoiis  points,  and  tlii'  ton  and  sides  of  head,  as  well  as  the  ba.sea  of 
tlio  duraal  series  of  spinous  plates,  may  be  thickly  besot  witli  small  prickles. 


.t* 


^ 


1910         nullctin  /7,  rnitrd  Slalis  National  Museum, 


t     3 


'?       H 


Itttrral  linn  aixl  tliMHul  HnirN;  »  puti'li  of  Npitiitiin  |iliit<-M  Ik-IijihI  ptxtorals. 
Color  (iviilt'iitl.v  UH  ill  Iveliiit  rlrlnnlin,  tlioiiuli  vny  ){iciitl,v  la<i<'il  riiiin 
(■x|ioNur<>  to  IIkIiI;  tlii<  hin-k  hIiowh  trmi-H  of  'J  tiiiik  «-ruHH  Iiuih  iiiiilcr  hoU 
tloi'Hul;  1  orcil|ii«*M  niil  of  niililiil  IMmIiiiiiIc,  iumI  a  V««r,V  imUHtiiirt  oin 
uxtfiiilH  «lowiiwunl  rruiii  HpliioiiH  ilorsiii  wliii-li  is  Murk  |Hmt««i'lorly ;  hcliy 

IIIhI    IIIhIiT    plll'tH    ^rUIMTillly    (lllHtfll     wltll     IllH-     IlllU'k    HpUI'kH,     tlin    iNtlllllllN 

lM>roiiiiii){  aliriiptly  wliitc;  iMmtiil  tiilio  wliih-;  htilMM'iilttr  I'fj^ioii  liliitkiMh 
tlit^  color  coiitiiiui'd  I'orwiirtl  into  ilir  pii-orhital,  oppoHite  tlir  front  *'iiil  ni 
wliirli  it  troHHfH  iipprr  mill  lo\vi>r  HpH;  a  iliuk  lilotrli  on  luaxilhii.s  in 
inlvaiicx  of  tl]>:  puttoralH  «liiMky.     (eO/ji'i,  yritU^',  cj^^,  ««yc.) 

Iielu.i  iuriioi>»,  ItlAN,  I'ror.  U.  S.  Nut.  Miih.   IH!HI,  41,  off  Trinity   Uland*,  at  Albatrohs 
Station  a8s3.    <Tyi>u,  No.  46;i07,  U.  H.  N.  M .) 

«*.MM.  UVXIH  \UIS\IAH,  CillHtrt. 


m 


El  < 


■*  ij; 


H«'U«l  Hi  to  3i;  cloptli  r»}.  I).  IX,  lil  to  L'3;  A.  IH;  I'.  Itl;  (,*.  Jt.  Tlii. 
Hp<'«-i«'H  in  «>xti'fni«>ly  cIohi*  liotli  t«»  InliiH  atnoliniUthm,  with  wliitli  it  was 
foniMl  aHHociatt'il,  and  to  lirhis  eiiii/o/tB,  Hran.  From  IviIuh  tuiuiUruhihiH 
it  <littt>rs  in  tlio  following  rfHp«>i-tH:  Tlir  i-oloiation,  tliongli  Hiniilar  in  ]>at- 
tt'in  iH  iuii*-Ii  liirliU^i-.  Tlir  holly  ih  dusky,  lint  not  dt-rp  bniwii;  tin-  islli 
iun8  nHiially  ht'coint'Hahinptly  whito  nndrr  th«>  hrundiioHtt'gal  nifmhiaiiiH, 
and  t\w  latter  aro  wliitt^  or  dnsky,  not  hliu«  hlack  au  in  Ifvhm  vunulUulalm. 
Tho  lloor  and  anterior  ]iurt  of  the  roof  of  the  uiouth  and  the  ill  euviiirs 
ar»  whiiu,  not  lihickiKli.  The  noHtril  tnbt^  iH  white,  not  lila«''  ''heo<ri|i- 
ital  rid^e  \h  lower  and  Ichh  conNpienoiiH,  and  tho  spineH  bIh  mt  Imtli 

are  ohvioiiH.  'I'lie  Binall  Npiiioim  point  on  Huliorliital  Htay  is  Ichm  develop*  d. 
The  doraal  spines  are  9  in  nninher  in  all  our  s|ieeinieiiH.  A  elosely  ii-owilrd 
series  or  narrow  hand  of  luiekles  aeeompanies  the  doraal  Htuies  as  in  Ik  hm 
vuHalii'iilatuB.  It  is  notieealde,  howi-ver,  that  thos«f  of  the  Herh-s  wliii  li 
ueenpy  a  pouition  corresjiondin);  to  tint  intcrspaeti  between  the  dorsal 
lilatesart^  Hoinewbat  enlarged,  and  recall  the  alternating  ])late8of /cc/Huct. 
The  region  between  the  lateral  line  and  the  dorual  series  is  iilniost  ctmi- 
pb^tely  iuv«>sted  with  spinons  scales  in  nmst  s]>eciuittns,  while  iu  Ifiliis 
f«n«/u'«/«/««  few  or  mine  are  prusont.  'I'he  head  is  tleiisely  covered  with 
small  spinous  scales  or  prii-kles  especially  unnieroiis  on  top  of  head,  and 
«>ii  opercle.  In  IvduK  cnimlivnlatHH  the  head  is  «>itber  naked  or  spars)  jy 
covered  and  tho  op«^rch-s  almost  or  <|iiite  nake«l.  Three  pairs  of  sleinlii' 
illamenta  on  top  «>f  ]i«'ad,  tb*^  anterior  pair  i\w  largest,  placed  above  back 
of  orltit;  the  second  ]iair  iu  front  of  ami  sliglitly  within  i\w  occipital 
ridges,  the  third  pair  oik  o«;cipital  spines.  An  aihlitional  pair  on  operc  li  m 
seems  to  be  less  constant.  The  snpraocniar  pair  alout^  is  present  iu  In  lim 
canuHculatua.  The  mucous  cauals  and  pores,  though  large,  are  b-ss  dcvi  1- 
oped  than  iu  Icilua  vanaJiculatua,  the  llsh  having,  in  general,  the  bathyliiiil 
characteristics  less  pronounced.  The  agreement  with  leclua  eiirifops  is 
cbiser  than  with  ledua  canaliciilatuB.  In  fact,  it  seems  to  difter  from  lc<  Iuh 
mrtfops  only  in  the  much  smaller  eye  and  the  somewhat  wider  intennliitai 
space,  agreeing  with  Ivtlua  luryopn  in  all  those  respi'cts  in  whiib  it  dill<  rs 
from  Jvvluit  canuiiculatu9.    Iu  Jvvluo  vicinalia  the  eye  is  2(;  to  3  in  head,  and 


Jordiin  and  I'lvt'rniatiti.   -Fishts  of  Xort/i  .h/nr/nt.      1017 


Bt  Atbatrok* 


litit  U  tiiit«H  l«ni;lli  of  Hiioiit,  ikiiil  tho  InuMt  iiitritH'liituI  width  in  II  or  12 
liiiii'H  ill  lio»<l.  Ill  IitIhh  iiiijiintH  (rotypi*,  No.  irilUtT,  W  M.  Niit.  MiiH. ),  thn 
iNoiM'JJi  iiiiK'H  in  liiMul  iiikI  twii'ti  Mm  loii^tli  of  tin-  Hiioiit,  nixl  th<-  Iriint 
intci'orliital  witlMt  lit  liintN  in  litatl.  HiIim-k  not  Hcmi  pioliHl'lo  that  tli« 
M|*o<'ii>H  will  Miry  In  tliiit  o\ti>nt.  Maxillitiy  ii-ailiin^  iniilillo  of  |Mipil, 
L'l  in  h««a<l.  lfp|H>i-  prt'oprriiilar  Hpiin*  hIi-ikI)  r,  t'orknl  at  tip,  (liifrtnl 
upward  ;iiil  ltafl< waitl,  the  hituikI  anil  tliini  Mpim-H  Hiniplu,  HloiidtM,  tlir 
Nt'coiid  directed  Uownward  and  Itarlxwaid,  llin  Miird  downward  and  lor 
ward.  Intcrorldtal  Hpiuo  Hhailowly  Kroovod,  tlir  ^roo\o  widfiiiii);  liark- 
uard  into  an  onipital  di'pirHHioii  lioiindtd  in  front  Ity  tin'  Hoincwliat 
cli'vati'd  Intrrociilar  Hpacr,  latrrally  liy  tin-  occipital  rid^'i'H;  Niipraoild- 
t.il  rim  nl<*vatod  in  Ibnit  ami  lirhind;  oi-rlpital  rid^tH  low,  Itroad  and 
iiiiiinlod  aiituriorly,  iMMoiiiin^  nni  rower  and  iinni-  rn'Htdikc  postrrioi  |\ . 
In  addition  to  tlio  ])ri<'klrH  and  platoM  alicndy  intnitionod,  tlnT<<  in  a  liand 
III  HpinouiH  Hiah'H  litdiitKl  axil  of  ptTtortilH,  .SpinonH  dorHal  low,  tho  lon^- 
t'xt  Hpiuo  2i  ill  hi'ad,  tint  loii^ost  ray  of  Hoft  dorHal  2  it,  head;  ptMtoralH 
riMt'hin^  l)OKiiiniii({  of  Inni/ontal  ]»ortion  of  lutrral  lint.,  tin*  lowur  rays 
tliickoiK'd,  tlirir  ineinlnaiiuH  imiHrd;  vontralH  Hliorf,  H<'ar«;«dy  rearhin^ 
sent.  Anal  papilla  largfl.  ('olor  in  HpiritH,-  li^lit  brown  altovo,  witii  1 
liliK^kiah  croHH  liars,  I  nndorHpiinnisdorHal  Joining  tho  dark  axillary  itatili, 
'.'  mnlor  Hoft  dorual  and  1  at  Itano  of  tail  inttrKin)r  into  tho  iiniforin  d«>cp 
iiKiwn  of  tho  nndrr  partH;  In^nl  li^ht  t  iwii  al)ov<-  and  In-low;  Hnliornlar 
ring  dark  hrown,  thin  Htroak  widoiiin;;  forward  and  croHsing  upper  ainl 
lower  lips;  UHniiill  patch  at  liaHxof  oxpoNcd  portion  of  maxillary ;  opt^rilo 
liliirkiHh;  iipprr  half  of  pectorals  light,  with  or  without  a  In-own  IniHal 
liiir.  tho  distal  portion  indiHtirn-tly  liarred  with  light  lirown;  lower  half 
of  pectorals,  and  all  of  vontralH  dark  hrown,  or  Idack;  dorsals  Idackish, 
darkest  aliovu  the  cross  liars  on  hack;  anal  lilack;  caudal  whitish,  dusky 
aliove  toward  tip.  Hristol  Hay,  Alaska,  where  nnmorons  speciiueus,  'M 
to  110  mm.  long,  wore  ohtaiiied  liy  tho  AUhUiosh  at  depths  of  KM),  :i'»l, 
:i."iO,  and  4(X»  fathoms,  respectively,  ((iilliort.)  (rIciMaiiw,  near,  to  Icvhia 
iiirjiopH.) 

Iirliit  vivinali$,  OiLnRKT,  Kept.  IT.  S.  F'hIi  Conini.  ISIKI  (ISOO),  41.1,  Bristol  Bay,  Alaska,  at 
Albatross  Stations  3334,  3330,  3331,  and  333a,  in  log  to  406  fathoms.  (Type,  No. 
4M737.) 

2205.  I(  KM:S  «'A\AIiirrLATrs,  (lilliert. 

Hoad  .3  to  3!t;  depthO.  I).  Yll  or  VIII,  2:1  or  24;  A.  1!);  P.  10;  V.  13;  lat- 
iTil  line  1:1  to  40.  A  deep-water  species,  with  coiispi<  nons  mucous  canals 
inid  |ioros,  thill  cranial  hones,  and  rather  plain  hlacki.-«h  c(doration.  In 
iitln-r  characters  it  stands  soinewh.-it  intermediate  between  Icelun  hiroinis 
Mild  Ictiiis  apinitjer.  The  dorsal  plates  have  the  serrulated  cross  ridge 
of  IceliiH  bicornh,  the  occiput  is  shallowly  concave,  with  low  bound- 
ing ridges  ending  behind  in  strong  spines,  and  the  posterior  rim  of  the 
(irliit  is  elevated  and  denticulated,  as  in  Iniiis  spinifier.  In  its  anterior 
portions,  at  least,  the  series  of  dorsal  plates  is  accompanied  above  by 
ii  Miori^  or  less  irregular  row  of  sm.-iller  plates,  which  alternate  with  the 
larger  plates,  and  bear  each  a  small  spine.     Caudal  peduiu-le  long  and 


w 


-IgHgJg^^MrTw-WTrryiiT  ■■■■-»-■ -^p^JBg 


1918  DuUcthi  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


r    1 


0 


V  .X 


very  slendor,  its  depth  less  than  ^t  its  Icnj^th.  Maxillary  rearhiiijr  lo 
or  nearly  to  vortical  from  nitldlo  of  orbit,  21  to  2'i  in  length  of  lieml; 
jawH  -".vt'ak;  teeth  villiforni,  with  Avidonod  haHe,  in  moderate  bands  on 
Jaws,  vomer,  an«l  palatines;  nasal  Hpint-H  stron<r,  proje<^ting  above  atrtin--- 
vtTHo  depression  wliiidi  crosses  snout  ininiediiitely  on  front  of  orldts; 
intcrorbital  space  niirrow,  its  least  width  3it  times  in  orbit,  itf»  width 
wholly  occupied  by  the  2  conspicuous  supraurliital  nunons  canr.ls;  0((i- 
l)ut  a  shalliiwly  dcjtresscd  pit,  bounded  anteriorly  by  ttie  raised  orhilnl 
rej^ion,  laterally  by  lew  rounded  ridji;es  each  of  whi<'h  terminates  behind  in 
a  very  stronjj:  s])inc;  preopercular  spines  slender  and  sharp,  the  ujtjxr- 
inost  directed  very  oblitiucly  upward,  sharply  notched  at  tip;  the  second 
and  thir<l  are  directed  downward  and  backward,  the  lowt^rmost  down\v;iii| 
and  forward;  bony  stay  across  cheek  conspicuously  dovelop«'d,  and  bc.ir- 
iug  a  distinci,  si>iue  Just  l)ehind  eye;  a  series  of  mucous  slits  alonj;-  undi  r 
side  of  suborbital  stay;  a.  sliarj)  spine  on  suliopercle;  gill  nuimbriiiic- 
broadly  united,  free  from  isthmus;  branchiostegals  6;  a  distinct  slit-iikc 
pore  behind  fourth  gill;  eye  liirfje,  3  in  head,  lonf;er  than  snout;  top  iind 
sides  of  head  with  many  miiiute  scattered  whitish  pores;  a  minute  iii;i- 
ment  near  tipsof  maxillary ;  x>hites  of  lateral  line  43  to  40  in  number,  tlnir 
upper  and  posterior  edges  free,  denticulated ;  dorsal  series  with  45  plates, 
each  of  which  is  crosst^l  obliquely  by  a  raised  spiny  ridge,  the  central  jxd- 
tion  of  which  is  highest;  between  the  upper  angles  of  these  plates  a  second 
series  of  small  plates  alternating  with  the  first,  each  bearing  a  spine  m 
prickle,  these  spines  occasionally  doubled  or  trebled,  especially  in  the 
anterior  part  of  the  series,  and  recall  strikingly  the  arrangement  in 
Icclinus;  axil  of  pe<*toral8  with  20  to  26  plates  similar  to  those  of  LitiiMJ 
line,  and  showing  a  t<'udeney  to  a  regular  arrangement;  2  or  3  sinni.ir 
plates  along  anterior  p.'irt  of  base  of  analj  and  a  few  scattered  pl;it(  h 
on  each  side  between  lateral  and  dorsal  series.  Color  light  olivaceous 
above,  blackish  below,  except  lower  Jaw;  l)ack  with  4  black  cross  bais. 
evident,  but  not  conspicuous;  opercles  bhick;  fins  all  dark;  pectorals 
mottled  with  slate  color;  Iwi^e  of  candal  tin  light;  mouth  and  gill  ciivity 
dark.  Length  5  inch(>8.  Itering  Sea,  north  of  Unalaska,  in  deep  water. 
(Gilbert.)     {canaliculatus,  with  sui  ill  canals.) 

leeliig  eanaliculatux,  Gn.nERT,  Rei)t.  V.  S,  Fish  Comiii.  189,3  (1896),  412,  pi.  24,  off  Unalaska, 
at  Albatross  Station  3329,  in  399  fathoms. 

2296.  HELUS  AlISTKA/ilS,  Eigenniann  &  Eigenmann. 


Head  3;  depth  7;  eye  3  in  head;  maxillary  2,  Hody  rounded  in  tnui- 
verse  section,  scarcely  compressed  in  the  abdominal  region,  tapering  IVmn 
the  shoulders  to  the  slender  tail.  Mouih  large,  the  inaxillarit.'s  reaciiini: 
beyond  pupil.  Occijiut  without  ridges  or  snines;  intcrocular  space  slight  iy 
grooved,  very  narrow,  its  width  about  i  tao  diameter  of  the  pupil;  protili' 
straight;  u]»per  preopercular  spine  rather  short,  simply  dilated  at  tlio 
extremity  or  with  a  single  upward-directed  spine  near  its  tip;  3  siiii;>lo 
spines  below  it.  IJellyand  an  interrupted  band  alo'ig  the  sides  wliite; 
a  series  of  blackish  spots  or  interrupted  ba.d  along  the  fides.    Cort(  z 


Jordayi  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1919 


RankH,  ott'  San  Diogo.  TypoH,  2  spflcimuiiH,  0.04  and  ().()5  in.  to  baw  of  cau- 
ilal,  in  45  fatbonis.  These  sitecinit-iiH  wci-t^  takt^i  from  the  stomach  of  Hvhnt- 
lodrB  miniatiia  and  arc  partly  digeHtcd.  Thti  anal  and  dorsal  tiiiH  hav*i  all 
liHappt«ar<;d.  T\w  dentition  and  armatnre  of  the  head  indicate  that  thJH 
sPGcies  is  closely  related  to  Icelinus  quadriseriutu^,  of  which  it  is  poHsihly 
Ihc  young.  (Eigenmann.)  A  very  imperfectly  known  species,  not  seen 
Ity  IIS,  perIia]>H  not  belonging  to  Icelus,  but  apparently  nearest  that  ^eniis. 
[iUiHtralia,  southern. ) 

Ifelus  aiutralin,  Kiobnmann  &.  Eiuenmann,  West  Amor.  Sci.  188t),  131,  Cortez  n.dnkB, 
California.    (Coll.  C.  II.  Kigeuiiiuuu.) 


718.  RADULINUS,  (iilbert. 

Ilitdidinui>.  Gilbert,  I'roc.  V.  .S.  Nat.  Mus.  18!>o, 88  (anprelliiii). 

Body  V(Ty  slender.  Opercular  spines  2.  Spinous  dorsal  short,  the  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  very  long.  Gill  membranes  broadly  united,  posteriorly 
(rce  from  isthmus.  No  slit  behind  last  gill.  Broad  bands  of  cardiforni 
teeth  on  jaws,  a  single  .scries  on  vomer;  no  teeth  on  palatines.  Preopeicle 
with  2  short,  simple  spines.  Ventrals  I,  3.  Sides  arm«'d  with  a  series  of 
large,  keeled,  spinous  plates  along  lateral  line;  similar  plates  on  head; 
no  smaller  scales.    Pacilic  coast.     (>'«dtt/a,  a  scraper.) 

(I.  Kyo  sinnll,  3}  in  lioad;  interorbitui  apaco  iiakud.  noLBOiDBS,  2297. 

((((.  £yo  larger,  about  2J  in  bea<l;  intorurbital  xpat'o  ariiiod  witb  Hpiiioua  platrR. 

ASPHELLUS,  2208. 

2'207.  ItADUIilMiS  ROLKOIDKS,  Gilbert,  ixw  spec  ics. 

Head  4  in  length ;  depth  9;  eye  3 J  in  head  (2 J  in  R.  asprclhis  o(  the  same 
size);  snout  3j^;  maxillary  2?.  D.  XI,  22;  A.  23;  pectoral  18;  ventrals 
I,  3;  42  plates  in  the  dorsal  series.  Head  and  body  very  elongate,  de- 
pressed anteriorly,  the  occiput  wider  and  Hatter  than  in  li.  asprdlua; 
snout  long,  depressed  and  tapering,  much  as  in  the  Darters;  interorbital 
spa<e  very  na.'iow,  about  ^  diameter  of  pupil;  mouth  horizontal,  at  lower 
side  of  snout,  the  maxillary  reaching  a  vertical  which  traverses  eye  mid- 
way between  its  front  and  front  of  pupil.  Fine  teeth  in  bands  in  jaws 
and  on  vomer,  none  on  palatines.  In  It.  aaprellua,  also,  the  vomerine  tt^eth 
lire  in  a  band,  not  in  a  single  scries  as  stated  in  the  original  description. 
Mranchiostegal  membranes  broadly  united,  wholly  free  from  the  isthmus 
in  the  type.  In  It.  aaprrUua  the  gill  membranes  vary  in  this  respect,  being 
sometimes  wholly  free  from  thc^  isthmus,  sometimes  attached  for  ^  or 
more  than  ^  their  width.  Preoperde  with  2  short  simple  spines,  the 
upper  slender  and  sharp,  directed  backward  and  slightly  upward,  the 
lower  broader  and  shorter,  directed  backward  and  downward;  below  and 
in  front  of  these  are  2  rounded  prominences  which  bear  no  spines;  opercle 
ending  m  a  triangular  process  which  is  scan-ely  spine-like;  nasal  spines 
rather  small,  a  depression  between  and  behind  them;  no  spines  on  orbital 
rim,  which  is  not  at  all  raised;  the  narrow  interorbital  space  not  grooved; 
occiput  broad  and  tlat  without  ridges  or  spines;  a  slender  filament  on 
upper  posterior  border  or  orbit  and  a  similar  tilameut  ou  each  side  of  occi- 


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1920  BuUeihi  47,  United  States  National  Afitseum. 


put  oil  itH  posterior  line.  Hody  with  a  dorsal  series  of  iuibriciited  Hpinous 
plates  similar  to  those  in  li.  aaprellua;  but  tlie  plates  are  sniallor,  with 
less  evident  keels  and  shorter  Hpines;  along  itr.  anterior  third  tlie  scries  in 
accompanied  above  by  a  narrow  band  of  sniuUer  iiIateH,  which  are  con- 
tinned  anteriorly  on  sides  of  occiput,  and  merge  anteriorly  into  the  patcli 
behind  the  eyes;  posterior  i)ortion  of  snout,  the  opcrcles,  and  the  posterior 
lino  of  occiput  with  spinous  scales;  head  otherwise  naked.  Vertical  Huh 
with  long  Blende'  rays  as  in  11.  aaprellm ;  dorsal  fins  separate,  but  the 
interspace  less  than  diameter  of  i)ui»il ;  distance  from  front  of  anal  to  vent 
equaling  §  diameter  of  orbit;  veutrals  short,  reaching  halfway  to  front 
of  anal;  pectorals  reaching  slightly  beyond  front  of  anal,  I  length  of 
head.  Color  light  olive  or  grayish,  the  lower  parts  unmarked,  the  breast 
and  belly  silvery;  back  <rossed  by  4  wide  brownish-olive  cross  bars,  the 
anterior  of  which  under  spinous  dorsal  becomes  merged  intothegener.il 
brownish-olive  coloration  of  upper  portion  of  head  and  nape;  edges  of 
bands  sharply  defined  and  marked  with  concave  indentations  whore 
encroached  upon  by  rouudish  light-colored  areas;  spaces  between  bands 
slightly  dusky  and  marked  with  some  irregular,  small,  dark  blotches 
along  middle  of  sides;  anteriorly  on  the  back  are  pairs  of  round,  light- 
colored  spots  with  darker  edges,  some  of  them  showing  silvery  pigments: 
a  small  silvery  spot  above  base  of  each  pectoral  iin;  a  narrow  dark  line 
acr<»s8  occiput  behind  eyes;  dusky  blotches  on  cheeks;  a  dark  bar  across 
maxillary  and  lip;  a  pair  on  maxillaries;  2  faint  dark  bars  on  the  caiidni 
fiu,  the  iins  otherwise  translucent  or  whitish,  uumarked,  dilferiug  from 
liadiiUnua  asptcUua  in  the  much  smaller  eye,  the  scaled  interorbital  sjiace. 
the  presence  of  supraoctilar  and  occipital  filaments,  the  smaller  size  and 
weaker  spines  of  plates  of  the  dorsal  series,  and  the  different  coloration. 
Oidy  the  type  known,  a  young  female  72  mm.  long  (No.  18795,  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mns.)  from  Albatroaa  Station  3664,  off  Santa  Catalina  Island,  California,  in 
5i)  fathoms.  (/JoA/?,  dart ;  eiSos,  resemblance  from  its  marked  likeness  to 
the  Darter,  Boleoaoma. ) 

2298.  BADULIM'S  ASPRELLTIS,  Gilbert. 

Head  4i  to  4i;  depth  8i  to  9^.  I).  VIII  to  X,  21  or  22;  A.  23  or  24;  lat- 
eral line  38  to  40.  Body  vory  elongate,  the  greatest  depth  at  oocipnt. 
1 J  in  width  of  head.  Body  subquadrate  in  cross  section,  the  upper  angl.  s 
being  formed  by  the  k<'el  of  lateral  plates,  tapering  gently  to  the  very 
slender,  tlat  caudal  peduncle,  everywhere  as  wide  as  or  wider  than  decji. 
Eyes  larger,  closely  approximated,  the  interorbital  space  very  narrow, 
not  grooved,  less  than  i  pnpil;  orbit  2J  to  2^^  in  head.  Mouth  small, 
reaching  front  of  pupil,  2J  in  head.  Preopercular  spines  2  only,  short, 
simple,  the  lower  directed  backward,  the  upper  backward  and  upward : 
nasal  spines  long  and  strong,  a  depression  behind  them;  head  other- 
wise smooth;  o«'ciput  not  ridged;  a  series  of  large,  keeled,  spinous 
plates  along  lateral  line,  running  high  on  sides,  their  free  edge  turned 
obliquely  upward,  and  armed  with  from  1  to  several  long  spines  mesiallv, 
and  shorter  ones  above  and  below;  a  row  of  minute  spinous  plates 
along  upper  edge  of  series  anteriorly,  the  series  along  lateral  line  (!ou- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1921 


liimcd  forward  ou  top  of  head,  niootiii;;  its  fellow  iu  a  V-shap«^d  putcli 
miiii^  poHtorior  portion  of  interorbital  spaco;  similar  plates  on  snout  and 
()|iorcle,  the  head  and  body  otherwise  uaki'  \  In  cross  section  the  plates 
mark  tin  ahrupt  angle,  the  hat'k  lioing  Ihit,  th<>  sidos  vertical.  Dorsal 
spines  slender,  the  2  lins  well  separated;  rays  of  soft  dorsal  ami  anal 
v«ry  slendor,  rathor  long ;  caudal  truncate  or  rouni'.cd,  ij  head;  pectorals 
with  18  or  19  rays,  reaching  to  or  nearly  to  vent;  anal  papilla  very  long 
in  males,  more  than  \  head.  Color  light  (divacoous,  with  a  series  of 
elongate,  narrow,  brown  streaks  ahmg  middle  of  sides,  the  latter  also 
liiiely  punctate  with  black;  a  dark  streak  in  front  of  eye;  fins  trans- 
Iiiceut,  the  dorsals,  pectorals,  and  caudal  with  some  black  spotting,  which 
sliows  a  tendency  to  form  bars;  anal  and  ventrals  white.  Length  5  to  6 
inches.  Coasts  of  Oregon  and  Washington,  the  types  from  depths  of  from 
I ;<  to  77  fathoms.  Also  f<nind  iu  Paget  Sound  by  Mr.  Starks.  (Gilbert.) 
{(laper,  rough;  asprelhis,  a  diminutive  from  Aapro,  a  genus  of  I'ercidw.) 

h'adulinus  anprellnt,  Gu-bbrt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1890,  88,  off  Oregon  and  Washing- 
ton, at  Albatross  Stations  3046,  3057,  3058,  3059  (Type,  No.4309C) ;  JoBDAN  «fe  Stakks, 
Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  805,  pi.  81. 

719.  STELGISTRUM,  Jordan  «&  Gilbert,  new  genus. 

.v/cijrf «/»•«»»,  JOHDAN  «fc  GlLi»EnT,Fi8lieH  of  Bering  Sea,  in  Fur  Seal  Invest,  for  189C,  1897 
MS.  (utejncgcri). 

Shaped  as  iu  JL'milrpidolus,  which  it  resembles  in  appearance  but  with 
'vliich  it  is  not  closely  ndated.  Gill  membranes  widely  joined  across  the 
throat,  wholly  free  from  the  isthmus.  Teeth  on  ja^.  s  and  vomer,  none  on 
|)alatin<'S.  No  slit  or  pore  behind  last  gill.  Upper  preopercular  spine 
Himple,  gently  upcur\ed,  3  short  spines  below  it.  No  opercular  rib  or 
siiiue.  Nasal  spines  short  and  strong.  Vertex  without  spines  or  ridget. 
and  without  long  tentacles.  SpinouH  dorsal  without  anterior  notch,  the 
vertical  fins  all  few-rayed.  A  series  of  plates  along  lateral  lino  and  a  band 
along  the  back  which  merges  anteriorly  into  the  mass  of  miimte  plates 
( overing  top  and  sides  of  head.  Ventrals  I,  3,  without  setic.  Vent  im- 
mediately before  origin  of  anal.     (dreXyidrpov,  scraper.) 


229».  STELOISTRUM  STEJXKGERI,  Jordan  &  Gilbert. 

Mead  23  in  length;  depth  3*.  D.  IX,  17;  A.  13;  P.  16;  caudal  with 
SI  divided  rays;  lateral  line  with  40  plates;  lower  series  of  dorsal  baud 
containing  35  to  38  plates.  Head  narrowly  wedge-shaped,  tapering 
upward;  width  below  eyes  equaling  length  of  snout  and  |  eye;  width 
at  preopercles  equaling  depth  at  occiput.  Mouth  large,  slightly  oblique, 
till)  wide  maxillary  reaching  vertical  behind  pu])il,  equaling  length  of 
snout  and  eye,  i  length  of  head.  Teeth  small,  uniform,  in  narrow 
builds  on  jaws  and  vomer;*  palatines  toothless.  A  deep  naked  trans- 
verse groove  between  nasal  spines  and  front  of  orbits;  orbital  rims 
moderately  elevated,  the  interorbital  space  very  nai.ow,  channeled; 
oiciput  fiat  or  slightly  concave,  angulated  along  lines  nuuiing  backward 
iVoni  orbits,  but  without  spines  or  ridges;  a  slender  filameiit  above  each 


:■  .1 


'l/»f.»V■^lVT'V.Tv»9T»TT''''*7^T*TT?»'^•T«^il»KTC'fc'/'^■"'''■'(;^'■  Wi"'"WT(P!-'vS»'^  ■ 


1922         nuUctin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


Sf 


r*  ■  V 


eye,  2  iiiiiiut««  pairH  iilong  Hides  of  ocoipnt,  1  ou  aiiburbital  stay,  1  on 
maxillary,  and  a  fe>v  on  plates  of  lateral  line;  no  naaal  cirri,  none  aloii;^ 
odyo  of  preopercle;  upper  preopercniar  spine  gently  curved  upward, 
without  cusps  or  processes;  below  it  3  short  spines,  the  first  directed 
backward,  the  second  vertically  downward,  the  third,  somewhat  lonji;(r, 
directed  downward  and  forward.  Kyos  small,  the  dinmoter  equaliii;; 
longth  of  snout,  ^  length  of  bead  measured  to  end  of  opercular  llii|); 
iutororbital  width  erjualing  diameter  of  ])U|)il.  Straight  portion  of  lateml 
lino  longer  than  the  oldbfnely  placed  anterior  portion,  which  is  not 
strongly  curved ;  plates  of  lateral  line  strongly  spinous  on  their  upper  ficc 
edges,  and  of  similar  and  nearly  etjual  si/e  throughout;  dorsal  band  cdii- 
'tinued  on  to  back  of  caudal  peduncle,  where  it  is  continuous  with  tin- 
baud  of  th«^  opposite  side,  the  lower  plates  of  the  bond  in  a  delinitr 
lengthwise  series  and  as  large  as  those  of  lateral  line  or  slightly  larger, 
the  other  plates  of  the  band  decreasing  rapidly  in  size  toward  base  of  On, 
where  they  are  minute.  'I'hey  are  partially  arranged  in  series  runnini;; 
obliquely  upward  and  backward  from  the  lower  larger  plates  to  the  bas.  •< 
of  the  dorsal  rays,  on  which  they  extend  for  at  least  \  the  height  of  n. 
Dorsal  spines  with  minute  spinous  plates  extending  almost  or  quite  to 
their  tips.  The  snout,  top  of  head,  nape,  suborldtal  ring,  opercles,  aiul 
cheek  above  the  suborbital  stay  covered  with  minute  plates  similar  to 
tlio  upper  part  of  dorsal  band,  with  which  the  invested  area  on  to])  of 
head  is  continuous;  sides  below  lateral  lino  naked  except  for  a  few  pl;iti  s 
behind  axil.  Dorsals  divided  to  the  base,  the  last  spine  extremely  short. 
its  membrane  Joining  extreme  base  of  the  first  soft  ray;  spinous  dorsiil 
low,  of  slender  weak  spines,  the  longest  ray  \  length  of  head;  longest  Nolt 
ray  2^  in  head;  anal  beginning  under  third  ray  of  soft  dorsal,  ending; 
under  its  fourteenth  ray;  caudal  peduncle  slender,  its  least  width  \  its 
length;  pectorals  broad  and  short,  all  simple,  the  lower  thicken(;d  with 
moderately  incised  membranes,  the  eighth  to  the  tenth  rays  the  lonf^est, 
extending  beyond  vertical  from  origiji  of  anal;  ventrals  not  reach iiifj 
vent,  2\  in  head.  Ground  color  light  grayish  olive;  lower  part  of  sides 
regularly  reticulated  with  narrow  dusky  lines;  a  dusky  cross  bar  from 
base  of  posterior  dorsal  spines  and  forward  to  axil;  a  second  much  broader 
bar  from  front  of  soft  dorsal,  ending  irregularly  below  where  it  moruos 
into  the  reticulating  lines;  a  third  broad  bar,  less  clearly  defined,  niider 
posterior  jjortion  of  soft  dorsal ;  a  conspicuous  broad  V-shaped  blotch  ;it 
base  of  caudal,  the  apex  directed  forward;  a  faint  dark  streak  from  eve 
forward  to  tip  of  mandible,  and  a  cross  bar  behind  eyes,  continued  faintly 
on  to  cheek;  spinous  dorsal  with  ii  small  dark  spot  on  anterior  and  I  011 
posterior  spines;  rays  of  soft  dorsal  and  caudal  with  dusky  markings  .so 
arranged  as  to  form  tine  ci'oss  bars ;  terminal  half  of  pectorals  fincily  cruss- 
barred,  the  proximal  half  plain,  with  a  large  dusky  blotch  on  extreme 
base;  anal  very  faintly  barred;  ventrals  "unmarked,  Beiing  Sea,  oil' 
Robben  Island;  one  specimen  52  mm.  long,  dredged  in  10  fathoms. 
(Named  for  Dr.  Leonhard  Stejneger,  Curator  of  Reptiles  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum.) 

Stelgistrum  stej'negeri,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Fishes  Rering  Soa,  in  llept.  Fur  Seal  luvttst. 
for  1896,  1897  MS.,  Robben  Island  (Coll.  Albatross.) 


i'-i^^  ^  i'i1."UlV--'.'If*i''i<:^A 


;.!■  .*«\A'^'i^'*:J«*d»i*^'.^i  j'ti^S-TOtr'fc^^  . 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1023 


720.  TRIQLOPS,  IJciiilianlt. 

Tiitjlopi,  Rkiniiaudt,  Viil.  SnUk.  Nntnr.  Mill  li.  A I  li.,  v,  18:i2,  52  (pingeli). 

liody  rather  oloiigatc,  the  tail  very  Hloiulcr.  Head  small  anil  <'oiii. 
]irt'ssf(l.  Month  inoih'iato;  villitoriii  tcclli  on  jaws  and  voni«'r,  iioni'  on 
the  \>alatiu»'.s;  prcoptTciihir  spines  4,  small,  siniph-;  head  prickly,  Imt  witli- 
Miit  scales;  a  row  of  enlarj^ed  plate-like  scales  iilon;^  the  lat«-i'al  line;  a 
Mmilar  rowahove  it  at  the  hase  of  the  dorsal  fin;  tiie  space  lietwoon  these 
(linsely  prickly  ;  lower  half  of  hody  crossed  at  sli<»rt  intervals  by  trans^ 
vrrse  iindnlating  folds  of  skin,  the  edjje  of  the  fold  with  minute  rongK 
s(  ales,  causing  it  to  appear  sharply  and  Tiim'I.n  serrate,  these  cross  fohU 
licing  really  formc<l  by  hran<hes  of  the  lateral  line.  (Jill  membranes 
united,  free  from  th«  istbmns;  a  <listinct  slit  behind  last  gill.  Dorsal 
spines  rather  high  and  slender;  ventrals  1,  3.  Arctic  seas.  {TrUjla;  Mip, 
appearance;  the  transverse  folds  resembling  the  lateral  platca  of  2Vi///o. > 

rt.  Breast  crossed  liy  folds  of  skin  similar  to  those  on  body. 

h.  Ej-e  moderate,  It  to  3i  in  liond;  maxillary  and  lower  part  of  cheek  ■without 

pri<'kleH;  maxillary  2  to  2\  iii  l..'ad;  soft  dorsal  of  23  to  26  rays. 

c.  Back  olivaceoiia,  varied  with  durker;  tins  largely  i>ricklyi  eye  about  3  ip 

head.    Atlantic.  riNui:Li,2300. 

ec.  Back  oliva(!eou8,  with  4  black,  saddle-like  blotches;  eye  3J  to  3^' iu  lieadj 

tins  less  prickly.     I'acilic.  beani,  2301, 

hb.  Eye  very  large,  2J  in  head;  maxillary  and  lower  part  of  cheek  i)rickly ;  maxil 

lary  2i  to  2i  in  head ;  soft  dorsal  of  21  to  23  rays.  acEi'TiCUS,  2302 


leal  luvwst. 


2800.  TBIOLOl'S  PIXOKLI,  Kelnhardt. 

Head  3J.  1).  XII-2.>;  A.  25;  P.  19;  V.  4 ;  scales  48;  eye  3  in  head.  Snont 
sluirt  and  sharp;  eyes  large,  larger  than  length  of  snout;  interorbital 
sjtace  equal  to  diameter  of  pupil;  jaws  subc(|ual;  teeth  minute,  on  jaws 
and  vomer.  Hody  above  and  head  closely  covered  with  minute  granula- 
lions;  encircling  the  orbit  is  a  series  of  small  warty  ]trotuberauces;  pre- 
opcrdewith  4  small  spines  but  slightly  projecting  beyond  the  skin,  the 
iil)pcrmost  pointing  upward  and  backward,  the  others  downward;  no 
s])incs  on  opercle;  nasal  spines  present;  above  the  lateral  line  the  whobi 
(if  the  body  is  rough  with  granulations,  below  with  oblique  and  dentate 
membranaceous  folds ;  47  to  49  <lcntate  o.s.seous  plates  along  lateral  line ;  a 
s(  rk's  of  spines  along  the  base  of  ilorsals,  ceasing  under  the  nnihlle  of  si-c- 
iMid  dorsal.  Space  between  dor.sals  about  equal  to  the  diameter  of  pn]dl, 
all  the  rays  slen<ler  and  very  brittle;  first  dorsal  !i  little  higher  than  sec- 
(inil.  Olivaceous,  somewhat  variegated  witii  dark«'r;  fins  barred;  a  series 
of  dusky  spots  along  sides;  an  ocellated  black  spot  on  posterior  ]»art  of 
spinous  dorsal.  (Ctdlett.)  Males  larger  than  females  and  much  more 
'  onimon.  North  Atlantic,  from  Spitzbergeii  and  westci-n  Norway  to  GreiMi- 
land  an<l  south  to  Cape  Cod  and  Christiansund,  in  rather  deep  water;  not 
1  are  in  16  to  150  fathoms.     Length  5|  inches.     (Eu.)     (A  personal  name.) 

Tiliilnps pingeli,  Keinhardt,  Vid.  Sel.sk. Natnr.,V,  1832,  52,  Greenland. 

Triijiops  pleurottictutt,  Coi'K,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1805,  81.  Godhavn.  Greenland  (anal 

rays  27) ;  Gt5NTHEH,  Cat.,  ii,  1 73 ;  LiJTKEN,  Vid.  Medd.  Naturh.  I'oreu.  Kjiibenh.  187C,  »0 ; 

Jordan  &.  Gilbeut,  Synopsis,  713. 


,  f:^^Ti.''^y.~^:3''r^ji'^fifil'''V     W 


'    f 


1924  nulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


3»0I.  TltnJi,<»l>N  liKAM,  (ilMtnrt. 

HfJiil  3?^  to  ;{» ;  «lr]itlM>;  Nuoiif  Idiif^cr  tliiiii  cy*',  3\  to  ?,\  iiiliond;  rye 
3i  to  a*;  1).  X  or  XI,  23  to  2(1;  A.  21  to  2fJ;  C.  12;  I'.  IH;  V.  1,3;  lutn.il 
liiM'IS  to  50;  iMiiiK-hiostrgiilHt).  ]{o(ly  lii'iivy  lit  Hlionld<-rs,  tiiporiiifriJipiiHv 
to  sh'iuh'V  ciiudul  ptMlmirlo;  <lfpt)i  of  ciiiulal  pt'iluiiclc  :i^  its  Iciijrth  fnun 
liiiHr  of  liiHt  doiHiil  ray;  jircutcst  widtli  of  ln'iid  nliglitly  1»'hh  than  its 
d«'ptli,  itM  lower  protih;  Htrai^ht,  the  uppi-r  <lcs(>*>ndiii^  in  a  };nitl«>,  cvi  n 
curve;  month  nearly  horizontal,  the  maxillary  almost  reachiti);  vertieul 
I'nmi  middle  «)f  eye,  2^^,  t«»  2^^  in  head;  villiform  t<'eth  onJawH  and  vomi  r. 
none  «ui  palatineH;  Hnpraorhital  rim  Hlijrlitly  elevated,  a  groove-like 
depresHion  Ixdiind  it;  interorhital  space  rather  wide,  forming  a  shalldw 
groove,  its  wi<lth  3^^  to  5  in  diann>ter  of  orhit;  oeeipital  ridges  ohsoleic, 
a  faint  trace  of  them  sometimes  present,  never  ending  in  a  spine;  opeicle 
with  4  spincms  points,  the  loweruiost  directed  downward  and  forward,  tlir 
others  radiating  downward  and  backward.  Branchiostegal  memhram  s 
broadly  united,  free  from  the  isthmns.  Longest  dorsal  spine  3^  to  4  in 
In-ad;  base  of  spinotis  dorsal  1|''„  to  \\  in  head;  of  soft  <h)rsal  2)}  to  3  in 
length  of  head  and  bo<ly;  length  of  base  of  anal  2,-',r  in  head  an<l  body; 
caudal  slightly  «'marginate,  2-[^,f  in  head.  Head  and  upper  part  of  body 
densely  coyenMl  with  very  line  prickles,  nnich  finer  than  in  TrvjloiM  scr2)ticiin; 
lower  side  of  head,  the  maxillaries,  and  a  narrow  strip  along  the  lowi  i 
side  of  cheek  naked;  the  usual  series  of  enlarged  prickles  along  the  lin>c 
of  dorsals;  lateral  folds  few  in  nnmbc,  scarcely  ('xcceding  the  scntcs  dl' 
the  lateral  line;  they  leave  a  wide,  naki'd  strip  ahnig  the  Itase  of  anal 
juid  do  not  t'ucircle  the  caudal  peduncle  below;  l>reast  with  5  or  (5  cruss 
folds  similar  to  those  on  the  sides,  the  scab's  along  margins  of  fcdds  very 
small,  those  of  successive  folds  widely  separated,  not  overlapping  as  in 
Trif/lops  accptitua,  CtAov  light  olive  brown  above,  wJiitish  on  lower  i)arts 
of  sides  and  below;  the  breast  and  belly,  including  area  in  front  nf 
pectorals,  silvery;  back  crosscul  with  4  saddle-shaped  black  blotches,  nidst 
distinct  in  the  males;  the  tirst  i>f  these  under  the  middle  of  the  spinons 
dorsal  and  extending  obliquely  f<uward  t»»  the  upper  axil  of  pcnttoriils, 
the  second  and  third  under  tlu*  soft  dorsal,  narrowing  rapidly  downward 
to  lateral  line,  the  fourth  on  the  back  of  caudal  peduncle.  In  males,  llu'. 
lower  <!nds  of  tln^se  cross  bars  r.re  connect«',d  by  a  narrow  lengtliwise  jct- 
bla(^k  streak,  extending  from  shoulder  below  latei'al  lino  nearly  to  base  of 
cau<lal,  the  narrow  interval  between  this  streak  and  lateral  line  occujiicd 
by  a  bright  silvery  streak,  interrupt«Ml  by  the  cross  bars;  a  black  blotcii  ati 
base  of  upper  and  1  at  base  of  lower  caudal  rays;  a  small  black  spot  miir 
tips  of  the  outer  caudal  rays,  the  tin  otherwise  unmarked;  .an  indistin(l. 
dusky  blotcli  l>elow  the  eye,  and  a  dusky  streak  along  under  side  nl 
suborliital  stay,  extending  forward  along  the  margin  of  the  preorbital  l«i 
tip  of  snout;  a  blotch  on  middle  of  maxillary  and  upper  lip;  front  of  Lt'v<r 
lip  dusky;  a  dark  blotch  on  opercle,  and  a  dusky  bar  on  branchiostcj^Ml 
membranes.  In  the  females  the  general  pattern  of  ccdoration  is  the  same. 
but  the  darker  markings  are  less  distinct,  and  the  bhick  lateral  stn  iii<  nl' 
the  males  is  represented  by  a  disconnected  st^ri<'s  of  irregular,  daiK 
blotches  and  vermiculatious.     In  both  sexes  the  dorsals  and  pectorals  are 


Jordciti  find  f^'^'^>fftiV\n,^Ffshi'^  of  N'orth  America .    1025 


( rosHcil  hy  iij»,,,-,»w,(lii»''^y  1»iir>».  furm"''^  '»y  ^'''it's  of  ,|urk  Nti-i-ukM  on  i\w 
i.i.vh;  uiouth^yj,(«isli;l-""  v;i  vity  sih'»'''.v  %vliit(>,  wi  t  li  dii' ('.\,.,.|»ti«>ii  of  tlio 
lining  «»f  i\n\  ,  -,riTlc '^'"l  tin'  <Mit(.i'  '''ili  "'  liiiiiM-liioHtt'^jial  ni«'inl)i'iiiic,s, 
\vhi«-h  im*  <lus,|^y-  Tl'"**  is  IIm'  l'.i(i<i«-  <'''I>''<'.scntativ<'  <»f  tli«'>  Atlaiitir 
I'liillops  j)ini/vif  I'loiii  ^*^'"<'h  it  tlitivi'."^  'n  ""' Krcutfi-  »*li'ii«l,.rii«'«M  of  tlu) 
liixly,  l»articiil.,',.ly  (if  t'"'  <'ji  lulnl  jicdi"''-!'"'  '"  tlir  Hoincwlijit  HHiiilltTcy,., 
ill.'  inoi'c  poii||^.||  Niioi'*'  ^'u 


liw  li,„.  sMlwI'vision  of  tlii'Iittvral  lulds,  the 
l.sH  ('((inplt'ttt  i,,VfNtii)t'"''  of  lIuMiiirt  ■*^><'' P'''''l<ly  Hvjilrs,  1,11(1,  jiImivc  nil, 
HI  the  iM'fiilinj.  (•<tl(,iiif'"U  t,l  llic  n,jil«'.  ■'^'iiHkii  to  I'lijit't  S()'»  «•«' I  lukcii 
very  aimiuliiiitu.  b.v tli<' -"'*«<»•(»*'•  m  stJ'*'"'"^  •<'(at«'<l  Itotli  iioith  jnnlsoiitli 
of  tho  Alciitiai,  jftlmi(l'*''"'*l  in  IlriNt„i  H'^y  ;  "•»*<) fnnii  iilxiiit  St.  Paul  Wana 
ill  L'i  t(»  ;{7  fat^^,,|ll^ot^■  Kurluk  ill  31  latli<»"'N,  aiul  ofi'  K<>l.b.>i«  InIi'imI  in 
IS  fatlionis,  ill,, I  |(y  Mr- *^^'>i-Kh  in  l'„;i<"<  >S"i'iiil,  tin-  Uciitiis  iiiM>.r'"K  '"'oin 
Kt.i  to  42  fatln,,,,^;  Ni).-(i"'i'ijH  M'J  l«n,ioi»**ii-  *"  length,  ((jlilbert) •  (Numod 
for  Dr.  Tjal.!t,»,,  HolliBi'"  Ii«'iiii.) 

7V(V/Jo;M^)ijiyeJt,  l^^.^N,  l'roi''^'-S.  I»^iil.  M„s.  1^3,  n55iu„tof  Krisiiardt. 

7Vi.;;<-//«  /H'ani,  (;,,',, i:Ui,  KCP*-  Xj.    .S.  I''i«l,(j,»ii'«»».  1*''^  (1890),  41.'m,  iil.  28_  (ijj:.  U,  Aleutian 

Islands,  Bris^QJ  Pay,  »'  ^'t>atro«»  8tgtiot»s  ^jiA,  3JJ7,  and  many  others,  in  7I  to  42 

fathoms. 

♦SO''-  'rni<ji,0l's^(I';i»TI<'*'S  Gilbert. 

Head  3jt  to  3j  .  <leptli  ^?  to  fi^.  1).  :Sl--2l  ^o  23;  A.  22  to  24;  P.  19  (18  on 
left  sitUj  ill  2  8|^*t;iiiiouH)5  V".  i,  :t;  q  \'J-l'J^^~;  lateral  ijiio  40  or  47;  brau- 
(•iiio8te<;al8  (5.  j  ^oily  ydJ  i'oV>  ut^t,  []^^ upper  Foflle  dcSfciidiujr  rapi»lly  from 
front  of  dorsal  ii'  ivreg"J'>'r  oiU'Vo  t^  tij*  oi  short  nnont;  least  <lopth  of 
caudal  pedunel^,  H  to  H  ''^  it  m  I»'ii};th  ff"»«i  '"^^^  of  last  iuml  ray.  Ilead  of 
inodi'rate  leu<rt^  itswi'^^ji  1*  «"-inits  lei>Stii;  maxiUiiry  reafli'"K  to  or 
nearly  to  v«rti«,ji  ft'oin'ni^Ullu  of  i)„pil,  2^  to^Huln'aU;  mandible  sliKhtly 
projecting.  T^util'  ou  ji^^^'S  aiul  H^Qt,  Uo»»"  on  palatines;  2  blunt  spines 
on  occiput,  l^y^  vriy  large,  Ij  li,„e9  ^he  »»terorbiti,l  width,  iiml  2|  in 
head.  Preopoj.,.]*?  uriue^l  ^v-jtli  riHUum  0piiiO"8  pointH,  the  upper  one  point- 
ing upward  au^  i>iick\v»'''l>  tliu  "icoiid  ***<!  *'^'''*l  backward,  antl  tho  lowor 
2  point iiigforw^y^jd;  opei'cle  eialiiij;  j^  -.i  tri»"Kiilar  si>ine.  Brandiiostegal 
iiicnibraneH  broji^tlj' uni*'"''  lr«"  *">'om  tU*>  ift'iuius  posteriorly.  The  upper 
jiart  of  the  bo, 
tho  lower,  aut<i 
maxillary,  thic' 

and  scale-like  xU'^^  '"  ^''^'J^t^J*'  Pkful'h  **"*^  ^^  sides  loosely  jirruugcd  in 
.series.  Spines  .^^<1  uy!<  "^  tloi«iil8,'j,jatlul,  ^^d  pectoral  fins  covered  with 
series  of  prickly^  uouriy  to  tlieir  ti),j  excep*  the  lower  thickcuod  rays  of 
jiectorals,  whicjj  jire  luili^'l ;  s»  row  ^j- ^alarg^u  pjate-like  Scales  along  thu 
lateral  line,  betj^^jjiiug  v«r.v  intlistiupt  posjtef'^i'ly,  more  niuuerou«  and  less 
distinct  than  i,j  friiHof  pinf/tH,  38  jn  UUiiil^erto  opl>08ito  the  l^****  ^W  of 
second  dorsal;  .^  ^iuiilai' s^^ieH  a'ougtl***  l»*^®  "f  dorsal  (Ins,  eu< I i^g  oppo- 
site the  posteritjj.  j'aTtol'^^-'Couddofg,,!;  lo'^^'^rlialf  of  liodycrosst^*!  ^tshort 
intervals  by  tra,j0verse  I'^'Uiljitiugj-Qpls  of  ^kin^  about  180  in  number,  the 
edge  of  each  folj^  -^vith  Hi"i>U  i-ousligpjjl«;8  cJ^'^^ing  it  to  appear  sbarply  and 
linely  serrate,  t,lj^(»G  scaK'**  'tui<-li  lurg„f  and  niop,,  8i>iiioii8  than  in  '^'lilllopg 
pinijdi,  these  of  jjijcciissi^'*^  IoIUb  nUi^tiuJ?  uii'l overlapping;  the  fo'  tls  reach- 


idy  "'"'^  *''"  ^"I*  ""'^  si'l''*  "^  ^^'*'^'  i"'*l"«liiig  all  of  cheek, 
t,xri"'"- ttB*^  "I>l»«r  Piiits  of  ey"'  and  exposed  portion  of  the 
^^    jvcffid  ^vitll  prydy  l>lij*^**,  nnicli  larger, uiore  spinoi,H 


I  !  : 


•)W?J!^IT.'^'";«»'M!''lil'WJ"Hi)pi,i|i,i,PflliitW 


^ 


1926  Bulletin  //,  fruited  States  National  Afuseum. 


'  'i 


: ; 


r : 


;:^'    I 


I'/ 

y 


iiiK  from  liitcnil  lino  <|iiit«  lo  the  iiiial  liii,  antl  Itehiiitl  the  anal  iMiuipl**tel.\ 
uiuMr(;l<i  tlu)  caiul.il  iiodiiiirU'.  In  Trifilopii  fiiniieli,  the  H)>acu  along  tlio  anal 
und  tliu  l(»\viT  Hi(li>H  of  caudal  ])odnn(;l*i  \h  nuUtul.  Dorsal  thiH  not  con- 
n<'ct(Ml,  lh«i  niitnibrano  IVoin  last  dorHul  npino  connecting  with  extreme  hii.sr 
of  lifHt  Hot't  I'U.v;  HjiiuonH  (lorsal  hif^hcr  tlnm  Hoft  dorsal,  tlie  dorsal  Hpincs 
contained  L'^  tinicH  in  length  of  head;  rayn  and  HpiueH  ulcnder;  haHo  oi 
anal  oi|nul  in  length  to  that  of  Hecond  dornal,  a  little  niont  than  1^  length 
of  liody;  can<lal  trnncate,  with  a  nnniiicr  of  short  auxiliary  riiyB  alio\<' 
und  helow,  and  12  fnlly  dcvehiped  rayu,  each  of  which  is  twice  hifnrcatr; 
pectoralN  reaching  beyond  front  of  anal,  the  lon|;est  ray  1,\  to  Ijf  in  length 
of  head,  the  lower  rays  enlarged  and  exserted,  forming  a  tlistiuct  lohr, 
Hoinc  of  the  rays  of  which  are  longer  than  tlie  nppi>r  |iart  of  the  (in;  \vn 
trals  reaching  hoyond  vent,  very  narrow  at  base,  inserted  close  togethti , 
the  outer  ray  not  provided  with  the  broad  nicnibrunaieous  lliip  present  in 
TrlijlopH pin;nU.  Color  olivaceous  above,  light  yellow  with  more  or  le.H-> 
silvery  on  sides  of  head  and  helly;  traces  of  \  sadjUo-shiiped  l>ands  nl 
darker  color  reaching  across  back  and  below  lateral  line;  1  under  lirst 
dorsal,  '1  under  second  dorsal,  and  1  on  back  of  caudal  peduncle;  more  <.i 
less  of  the  outer  portion  of  gill  ••"■•nbranes  black,  edged  posteriorly  with 
white;  gill  cavity  blac^k  and  nmf  of  mouth  dusky;  dorsal  and  caudal  fins 
indistinctly  blotched  with  black,  tlu^  blotch  on  tiie  dorsal  correspondiiii,' 
more  or  less  closely  to  the  bars  on  the  buck  ;  a  large  black  blotch  on  uppi  i 
part  of  pectoral  and  on  side  of  ))ody  just  above  axil;  peritoneum  silvery 
grayish.  Very  closely  related  to  Triglopn  hcani  and  Trhjlopx  pini)ili,  Imt 
ditVeriug  in  the  following  respects:  The  eye  is  much  larger,  the  snout 
shorter,  and  the  maxillary  shorter  and  broader.  The  maxillary  bone  ami 
the  lower  half  of  cheek  are  invested  with  prickles,  not  naked.  The  lower 
thickened  portion  of  the  pectoral  tin  is  produced  to  form  a  lobe,  'flic 
scales  on  the  upper  half  of  the  body  are  much  coarser.  The  dorsal  series  of 
enlarged  prickles  much  less  conspicuous.  The  Literal  folds  are  much  more 
numerous,  averaging  about  4  to  I  pore  of  the  lateral  line,  reaching  to  oi 
nearly  to  the  anal  fin  u;vl  encircling  the  caudal  peduncle  below.  The  ven- 
tral tins  are  much  n.*'^  »ower  and  nearer  together.  The  lateral  line  has  ;i 
much  more  pronoi-.  ced  u])ward  curve  over  tue  Itase  of  the  pectorals.  A 
short,  high  occipital  ridge  is  present,  but  does  not  terminate  in  a  distinct 
spine.  (Occipital  ridge  obsolete  in  htani,  a  bare  trace  of  it  sometini'-- 
visible).  Aleutian  Islands;  several  specinn-ns,  from  68  to  155  nun.  in  lengtli. 
taken  from  south  of  Saunak  and  north  of  I  Inalaaka  Island,  m  4IJ  to  IIW  fatli- 
oms.  (Gilbert.)  {dxETtriHoi:,  thoughtful,  reliective,  in  reference  to  the 
api)earance  given  hy  the  large  eyes.) 

Triijlrps  sceplicu*.  Gu,I':t.t,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish.  Corn.  1893  (1806),  428,  pi.  28,  flg.  2,  Aleutian 
Islands,  at  Albr.cross  Stations  3215,  3222,  and  others,  in  43  to  138  fathoms. 

721.  STERNIAS,  .Jordan  &  Evermann,  new  genus. 

iS^ernias,  Jordan  iS:  Kvermann,  new  genus  (xenogUthus) . 

This  genus  is  closely  related  to  Triglops,  diftering  chiefly  in  the  scaly 
breast,  which  is  not  crossed  l»y  folds  or  mucous  channels.  Back  aud  head 
coarsely  scaled.    Pacific,    {dripvov,  breast.) 


&. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fislics  of  North  .\nuriai.      1027 


b;  more  i>r 


>J80».  STKICMAS  \K>OSTKTIirS((MllH<rt). 

Ilftul  about  4\;  dttpth  (i;  uyo  3,';  in  lii)a*l;  Hiioiit:{!|.  D.  XI,  23;  A.  2:t; 
1',  Id;  V,I,H;  lat»Uiil  Mm-  t;{;  bramhiustc^alH  <S.  Ilndy  Hliapt'd  uh  in  7Vi//- 
lo^,^  liin<iili,  rtithiir  ht>uvy  at  slioultlfiH,  taiMtring  ^tadiially  backward  ;  raii- 
(l;il  )um1uii('Io  HluiidtT,  ItH  luaHt  <li^|tth  I'j  ill  its  loiigtii,  which  in  jj  leii);th 
(il  liead;  iipptT  prulile  of  head  duseoiidin);  rapidly  in  a  Htroiig  roiivex 
(•III  vo,  iinbrokun  tu  tip  of  Hiiout ;  mouth  larp;,  niaxilliiry  roachini;  vortical 
tioiii  iiiitldic  of  pupil,  liji  in  head;  intororbital  spaco  very  narrow,  J,  orbit, 
111!  orliital  rim  not  idevated,  thi'  Hpiice  neither  j^rooved  nor  ridded;  n  pair 
ol  broadly  rounded  oeeipitiil  rid^reH,  not  en  ling  in  HpineH;  nasal  HpineH 
slinrt  and  ineonH]>iciiouM,  n  bntadly  noticeable  de])rcH»4ioii  behind  them  ;  ]tr»- 
ii|iciclc  with  1  ill-delincd  iirojoctions,  1  between  each  mncoiiH  ])()i'e,  but 
wiilioiitdeiinite .spines;  gill  membranes  uh  UHiial;  pectoral  rays  apparently 
nil  simple,  the  lower  ones  thickened;  i»rickles  covering  dorsal  region  and 
liiick  and  sides  of  head,  unusually  coarse  and  few  in  number;  the  usiiul 
seiicH  of  enlarged  prickles  along  either  side  of  base  of  dorsals;  folds  Itelow 
laltijil  Hue  numerous,  very  obli(iue,  2  or  H  to  each  ]ilato  of  the  lateral  line; 
(III  sides  of  abdomen  anteriorly  to  vent,  the  prickly  seiiles  liordering  the 
t'liliis  form  a  dense  nniss  in  which  the  linear  arrangeinont  is  still  faintly 
viMblo;  breast  covered  with  a  very  dense  patch  of  similar  scales,  still  more 
(l()>cly  crowded;  lower  part  of  cheeks,  oporcles,  and  preorbital  region 
iiiiUed.  Very  light  grayish  above,  with  the  usual  ■!  cross  bars,  those  under 
Mill  dorsal  and  on  back  of  tail  broader  than  usual;  under  parts  whitish, 
liK  Dining  bright  silvery  on  breast  and  belly;  a  series  of  irregular  silvery 
white  blotches  along  lower  margins  of  the  dorsal  cross  bars;  pectorals 
dusky  at  base  of  upper  and  lower  rays,  with  2  convex  dusky  bars  on 
distal  half;  snout  and  cheeks  more  or  less  dusky.  This  spiuies  differs 
widely  frcmi  species  of  Tniflopa  in  the  inv<'stment  of  the  breast,  which  is 
without  trace  of  folds  and  is  covered  by  small,  closely  imbricated  spinous 
siiili's,  not  arranged  in  series.  In  all  other  species  of  7Vj///«j)»  the  breast 
is  (  rossed  by  a  lew  cutaneous  folds  similar  to  those  on  sides  of  b(»dy.  In 
^S'.  .icnoiilitlins  the  sides  of  the  abdomen  are  covered  similarly  to  the  breast, 
but  the  scales  are  arranged  in  more  or  less  evident  series,  some  of  which 
can  be  traced  above  into  the  cutaneous  folds.  The  body  is  not  slender, 
the  liitoral  folds  are  not  very  uum«'rou8,  and  the  scales  on  head  and  on  upper 
pint  of  body  are  very  coarse.  Length  11  inches.  Bering  Sea;  only  the 
tyjie  known,     ((iilbert.)     (|eVo5,  strange;  (JrvOo?,  breast.) 

Ti!;iti>ii»  xeiMttelhux,  ( In.iiEUT,  Kept.  H.  S.  FIhIi  Coiniii.  1893  (1896),  429,  pi.  '29,  (ig.  2,  north  of 
Unalaska,  at  Albatross  Station  3220,in  34  fathoms.    (Typo  iu  U.  S.  I^at.  Mim.) 


722.  PRIONISTIUS,  Bean. 

Prinniitiug.  BEAN,  I'roc!.  U.  S.  Xat.  Mus.  188;!,  355  {maeellus). 

This  genus  is  allied  to  Tr'ujlopa,  dilf'ering  in  the  following  respects:  The 
much  slenderer  form,  the  absence  of  a  series  of  bony  tubercles  along  the 
ba,sc8  of  the  dorsal  fins,  the  elongation  of  the  exserted  pectoral  rays  so 
that  the  lower  portion  of  the  fin  is  considerably  longer  than  the  upper. 


Umiqpil  Vfgi*ifTWi(|||iwi|f]V«iUHi|Viwii!P*u.iivri|^<pp<^viiwi,iii|i  i  viammipuil  ,  «■ 


'T^ 


1028  ISuUdin  .f.y,  United  States  National  Museum. 

tho  proHuiiuo  ufHurratiuiiHuii  nil  tluMluiHul  HpiiirH  uii*l  on  tlio  tlrHl  Mut't  imv, 
tiiitl  tlin  oiiiikr^fiiiutioii  of  tli«^  cuiulul  llu.  AluHka.  (ni)i(ijy,  fiVkVi)  iCrmr, 
Hiiil,  rulVrriiiK  to  tlio  dorHul  tin.) 


lis 


. 


■I 


I 

1 


ii 


4 


'.•!i»4.  I'KIOMIHTII'N  MACKM.rN.  lionii. 

Huiid  I/;;  (loplIiH;  )inm(liiuHt«)^riilH(i.  D.  XI-2!);  A.2!);  (.11  (ilovulopi'il  ; 
I*.  lO-fri;  V.  I,  :<;  luturul  lino  51.  Itttily  Nluii«l«r  itiul  floiij^utu,  IIh  ki'*'  '<- 
imt  liui^lit  uqiiiiliii){  length  of  luw«ti-  ,|uw.  Tlio  hoi^lit  iit  tbu  vuiitriilii 
oquala  k  of  tlio  diHtiiiio«t  of  thu  pucturul  frosii  tlic  tip  of  the  Hiioiit,  uml  is 
coiitniiied  8^  tiiiieH  ill  till)  Htundanl  body  Ini^Mi;  citiidul  putliiiirlo  hIiiiii<  r 
than  ill  Trii/lops  pinficH,  itit  luant  liui^lit  uqiiiillii^  width  of  iiiteroriiiiMJ 
Hpacu;  length  of  cuudiil  puduiiclo,  inuiiHiinMl  from  ttiid  of  anal  liii  tuuri^in 
of  iiiiddlu  caiitlal  ra.VH,  7  in  length  of  hudy  ;  no  hony  platus  along  tlio  ilur- 
Hul  tina;  latorul  lino  with  woll-d«>vt>lo]MMl  ohsi-iih  tuhurclt-H,  fiirniHhod  hclnw 
with  ciliatod  HcalcH  Niinilnr  to  tlnmu  of  Triifl<tpn  piiii/tli;  tho  briuiHt,  \\i>\\- 
oviT,  unliko  that  of  thu  Hpurit'sJiiHt  iiauiod,  in  nakoil.  Tho  huad  agrees  in 
tho  main  with  that  of  TviijIupH  phiiii  li,  but  Ih  not  ho  doop  nor  ho  wid«t;  the 
,jav,H  aro  about  equal  in  front,  (iruatoat  width  of  huad  uli^htly  nioro  tlmu 
^  itH  length  and  7.)  in  body.  Inturorbital  width,  uioaHurod  on  tho  lionti, 
about  It  in  orbit,  which  *-i|ualH  tho  snout  in  h'ligth.  On  tho  top  of  brad, 
cloHo  bohind  tho  orbitH,  aro  '2  abort,  iutorrupted  fiiirowa  aliuilar  to  tlnmu 
obHorvod  in  Homo  aiiocit^a  of  I'lionotna.  Tho  lon;;tb  of  tho  iippor  jaw  is 
containod  '2lt  times  in  that  of  tho  hoad,  oqiiala  that  of  tho  postorbitai  jiart 
of  tho  head,  and  in  <'ontained  i)|  times  in  tho  unit  of  longth.  Tho  maxil- 
lary extends  nearly  to  cho  vertical  through  the  niiddlo  of  tho  eye,  tliu 
mandible  nearly  to  that  through  the  posterior  margin  of  tho  eye.  'l'\w 
length  of  tho  inaudible  is  about  |  that  of  tho  hoad.  Tho  dentition  in 
tho  same  an  in  Trif/Iojis  itinmli.  The  length  of  tho  uyo  equals  that  of  tin; 
snout,  and  is  contained  3}  times  iu  tho  length  of  tho  head.  Tho  braiuhi- 
oHtegal  membrane  is  not  very  d<  (Jitly  emarginato,.  and  is  free  from  thu 
isthmus;  slit  behind  fourth  gill  .  little  nicro  than  <!  as  loug  as  the  pupil; 
gill  rakora  on  tho  anterior  arch  (piite  rudimentary,  their  length  Ikmmj,' 
rather  Ichs  than  their  width,  8  below  the  angle.  Distance  of  apinous  doi- 
sal  from  tip  of  suont  etjuals  that  of  jiectoral  from  saiiio  poiut,  and  is  \\  ia 
body ;  base  of  this  lin  twice  as  long  as  longest  ray  of  soft  dorsal ;  length  of 
lirst  spiue  equals  that  of  lirst  ray  of  soft  dorsal,  and  is  coutaiued  3^  tiinus 
in  that  of  head;  fuurtli  spine  longt^st,  its  length  being  containod  2A  tiiiics 
in  that  of  head;  last  spine  very  little  more  than  ^  as  l<mg  aa  first;  'irst 
spine  serrated  along  lower  ^  of  its  autorior  edge,  and  all  tho  followiii.n 
apines,  except  the  last,  are  similarly  armed  along  tho  anterior  I'dgo  of  tlu'ir 
exsorted  tips;  even  the  lirst  ray  of  second  dorsal  is  thickly  set  with  uiinntu 
spines;  length  of  base  of  soft  dorsal  2\  times  in  body;  its  lirst  ray  e(iiiiil 
to  longest  anal  ray  or  the  first  spine,  which  equals  distance  from  snout  to 
orbit;  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  rays  longest  and  about  e«iual  in 
lengtli,  twice  as  bmg  as  last  ray  and  ;V  i^s  long  as  soft  dorsal  base;  iikmu- 
brane  behind  last  dorsal  spine  extending  to  base  of  first  soft  ray ;  origin 
of  anal  fin  vertically  beneath  base  of  second  soft  ray,  the  distance  of  the 
anal  origin  from  the  snout  less  than  length  of  anal  base;  length  of  lir^it 


Jordan  and  F.vermanu. — Fishes  of  North  Aineriai,      lOliU 


iiiiul  niyni|iitilH  IuiihI  hri);lit  (if  tail  iiimI  im  .sli^rhtiy  hkik,  tliiiii  \  tliut  of  lil'tli 
to  «*i>;liMi,  wliirii  iirit  luiifrrHt,  tlio  lust  rav  \  an  Ion;;  as  orbit;  \«Mit  ni-iiriy 
mill  way  hrtwtnni  <>ri){iii  of  vuiitralH  aiitl  that  of  anal;  luiitla!  «li.stiiictly 
tMiiai'^iMato  V,  lion  fully  <)\paii(l«Ml,  Mi«i  lt>ii);tli  of  iiiiiltllr  layn  *.)  tiiiicM,  aiitl 
tiiMt  of  tiiH  t'xtttnial  ravH  7|',,  tiiiioM  in  irii^th  of  Ituily,  Tlu^  ntnutiiru  ol 
tlii<  pectoral  in  Niinilar  tu  that  in  Tv'kii\u\)»  \^\»i\v\\,  hut  thu  Itni^t'st  of  tint 
cxstirtfd  lowoi  ra.vN  cxti'iKls  (oiiMiilrralily  fartlicr  Imi^k  lliaii  tin-  upper  por- 
liiin  of  till'  tin.  'rii»  ori;j;iii  of  the  pn-toral  ih  (linitiy  iiinli'i'  that  of  tin* 
s|iiiiiiUH  ilorHal.  The  hwi^th  of  thu  lon^rost  uxairtod  ray  (ili'vonth)  is  con- 
tiiinid  \\  tiiii<'H  in  th««  Htamlartl  body  length,  l-'ivit  of  the  lowt-r  puctoral 
rii,\  M  uru  niodilit'd.  Tho  ti'iitli  prctoral  ray,  which  in  thf  ioiiffoNt  of  th«<  non- 
i-.\surttMl  portion,  iHonly  alxnit  ,';  aH  long  aH  thuoli<v«-iith  and  ttxtriids  to  nt^ar 
jiif  unil  of  tho  HpinouH  doiHal.  Tlitt  vnitral  is  sitiiatod  farther  in  advaii(!i> 
tiiiin  III  TiiylopH  inni/t  li,  and  docs  not  ijuito  reach  to  tlic  vent  whun  exteiideil. 
llH  length  is  containt'd  nearly  IL'  tinicH  in  the  unit  of  length.  CoiorH: 
Tlicre  are  tracer  of  the  same  k  bars  which  ornament  the  back  iinil  Hides  of 
Trinliipx  piniicli,  but  the  dorsal  )>oition  of  thu  niaikiiigs  is  very  faint  and 
till'  htwur  liniitH  of  thu  dark  arean  are  the  inost  intense  and  form  a  HiicceH- 
siiiii  of  uhmgatu  blotches  along  tlie  meilian  lim«  of  thu  body,  (tai  tly  below 
iiiiil  partly  on  the  lateral  line;  dorHiil  linH  with  1^  HurioH  of  dark  HpotH  on 
till'  ravH  and  spinuH,  but  not  on  the  counecting  nieinlirane;  tliene  Hpota 
roiining  broken  buiulH  wliich  are  oblii|ue  on  the  lirst  dorsal  and  nearly 
iiiiii/ontul  on  thu  Hoft  tlorsal  when  the  linH  are  raised;  a  creHcent-shaped 
lu'oken  Vaud  crosses  thu  top  of  thu  body  at  the  ninth  dorsal  spine;  a 
.sliDi't,  dark  blotch  near  the  root  of  the  pectoral  on  the  tenth,  eleventh, 
iunl  twelfth  rays;  another  dusky  blotch  in  the  upper  axil  of  thu  pectoral; 
I  dusky  burs  on  thu  puctoral,  tho  lirst  of  which  is  very  short,  invcdving 
only  about  5  of  the  ravs,  the  secimd  and  third  extending  to  thu  lirst 
i'\>erted  ray,  and  the  fourth,  which  is  near  the  tip  of  the  tin,  extending  on 
till!  7  upper  rays  only;  caudal  dusky  at  tho  base  and  with  4  bars,  the 
lirst  of  which  is  faiut  in  the  middle  and  the  last  interrupted  by  the  umar- 
^iiiation  of  the  tin;  lips  and  uppur  portion  of  the  maxilla  dusky;  a  dark 
lilolch  on  tho  interopurculum ;  niembiane  lining  the  inner  surface  of  thu 
uperciilnm  dusky ;  ventrals  and  anal  whitish.     Length  172  nun.     (Bean.) 

Conceruiug  this  species  Dr.  (Jilbert  observes: 

''The  elongation  of  thu  lower  exsertod  ]»ectoral  rays,  and  tho  'serrations' 
(i.  ('.,  minute  spinous  scales)  on  the  tin  rays,  are  characters  -which  I'rioniii- 
tiiiH  shares  with  related  species  of  TriijIopH.  Tlie  slonderness  of  tho  body, 
the  emargiuatiou  of  the  caudal  lin,  and  the  elongate  dorsal  and  anal  tins 
lire  ))reseDt  and  the  two  former  carried  to  an  extniuie  in  Elamtvu  forjhula. 
Ill  addition  to  these  characters,  I'noniatins  has  the  breast  naked  and  the 
ilorsal  region  without  the  usual  series  of  enlarged  jdates." 

Three  specimens,  77  to  87  mm.  long,  w(Te  secured  at  stations  south  of 
Sanuak  and  north  of  llnimak  Islands,  Alaska,  at  38  and  5()  fathoms.  The 
ventral  lins  seem  to  be  not  more  advanc«ul  in  position  than  in  tlu'  other 
Npiiies.  In  other  respects  these  specimens  agree  well  with  Bean's  admira- 
lily  full  (h'scriptiim.  Ah'iitian  Islands,  south  to  British  Columbia;  not 
x;\yv.  (inaeelliiH,  diminutive  of  mucvr,  slender  or  thin.) 
3030 •1-t 


i 


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1-1 


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T^tvnfP^^HPiiji  I    iiiin  jiMiwiwii.vpi.  jHDii^Pii 


i,jy  i|i^ii«^rfpp«p««n^^ 


H-. 


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11 


IIKJO  Uulletin  77,  L'niled  States  A\itional  Musiuin, 

I'rionittiut  macfUiii,  Hran,  Trmv  W.  H.  Nut.  Mum.  \m:\,  U6:>,  Carter  Bay.  British  Columbia 
(TyiMtH,  NiiH.  :ilii:iH  iiikI  :i:i7(KI,  r.  H.  Nitt.  MuH.  Cull.  Capt.  II.  K.  Niubula)  j  Uiijikiii, 
Ui'pt.  U.  15.  Fixb  < 'uiiim.  IttUU  (UtW),  4ai. 

723.  ELANURA,  nillx-rt. 

Ulaniirn.  (Jii.mkkt,  Kept.  V.  H.  VM\  t'oniiii.  IHO:i  (IKIMJ),  4'.'U  (/m/leafa). 

TU\h  iH'iuiH  is  nearly  rt-litti'd  to  t'rioiiiiilhiH,  IVnin  wliirli  itdittriH  in  iIh 
pi'fHrnrt'  oi'  II  HI  rii'H  of  cnliirgftl  HiiitcH  iilitn^;  nirli  hIiIc  of  Iimhi-  of  il(ii>iil 
IhiN,  ill  till'  ])rrHt'nri'  of  HpinotiH  rroHH  t'oldr*  on  the  broaMt,  iintl  in  tin-  vi  ry 
(lri'|»ly  forkrd  oinilal  lin.  rniopiTtiiliir  Hpiin-H  I,  tlio  lower  ',\  <li'v*>|ii|ii'i|  dm 
thill,  Hut  lolii'H.  From  TiijilojiH  it  ilitVorH  in  thu  loikcd  (wiinlul,  in  ihu 
gruat  t'lotiKutlon  oC  tlio  body,  and  tlu;  li-ngtlK'ni-d  dorsal  and  anal  Hiin.  It. 
agrtTs  with  Tiiijlopn  and  I'lioniHliitu  in  all  othur  iiiiportiint  Htrurtnnd 
di-tailK,  int'lnding  the  cxserti'd,  more  or  Ibhs  prodneeil  lower  |ivetoral  nivn. 
AhiHka.     (I'JIunua;  t)\ayoi,  a  kite;  uvfja,  tail,  t'r«»m  the  long  caudal  lln.i 

8U0A.  KLAM'KA  KOKFK  ATA,  (iillHirt. 

DeplliOJ  to7.t     1).  XI-2{»or:{0;  A.:i()<o32;  r.2l;  (Ml;  V.l.a;  liii.  i,i| 
line  54  to  50;   iMiincliioHtegalH  U.     Thin  Hpeeies  \n  iiiokI   closely   leliitnl   In 
I'rtoiiiHiiHS  mtwrlhiH,  \\\t]i  wliieli  it  agrees  in  its  extreme  elongation,  in  llir 
prodiietion   oj'   its  exseited  peetoiiil  rays,  and   in   the  investment   of  tin 
spines  and   rays   of  dorsal   and   eainlal   and   iteetoral    tins,  witli  series  nj 
minute  prickles  (not  "serrations").     The  caudal  lin  is  very  widely  IoiKkI, 
not  merely  einarginate  as  in  l'rioninlh(n  viihtIIiis,  the  dorsal  8»'riesof  s|miiiiii.s 
scutes  is  ])reseiit,  and  also  the  customary  plates  <m  the  breast.     Tin   mm- 
trals  occnjiy  the  ])osition  iisinil  in  the  genus  and  extend  well  beyond  ilir 
vent.     The  iiiterorbital  region  is  a  wide,  shallow  groove,  unlike  the  ii;n 
row  space  in  /'riowi»/ii/«  mavillits,  tlu-re  is  a  nuked  streak  on  cheek  tullciw 
ing  the  lt)wer  line  of  the  suborliital  stay,  and  the  coloration  is  peciilun. 
Extremely  elongate,  heaviest  at  the  shoulders,  tapering  slowly  and  n-n 
larly  backward,  the  ventral  regitui  often  disteiuh'd;  dejitli  of  bodyc(|ii;il 
iiig.   or    nearly    e(|Uiiliug,    length    of   snout    ami    eye;    length    of    CiincLil 
])edunele,  friuii  last  anal  ray  to  base  of  median  caudal  rays,  varying  li<>iii 
[•    to  11    times  length  of  snout  and  eye;    body  cverywhi'ie  eompicsxil, 

slightly  deeper  than  wide,  the  greatest  width  and  depth   of  head  al I 

»'qnal;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  greater  in  females  than  in  niiiles,  .ivi  1- 
aging  '■}  (liameter  of  cyo  in  the  former,  'i  «'y«'  in  the  latter.  ()cciiii!,il 
region  of  head  nearly  squar*'  in  cross  section,  tapering  regularly.  A  |i;iir 
of  iiiconspiciUMis  low  ridges  diverging  from  behind  eye,  and  a  ))ai:  ul 
cross  grooves,  1  iunnediately  behiml  «'yes,  the  other  on  middh;  of  01 1  i- 
put,  hardly  notie«'able  in  the  young ;  supraocular  rim  protruding  lalerii  llv, 
ant»(riorly  an<l  posteriorly,  «leeply  incurved  above  middle  of  eye;  iiitcnn- 
bital  space  wicU',  «^venly  concavt^  its  greatest  width  over  front  <d"  lyr 
equaling  length  of  snout,  ita  least  width  |  diameter  of  orbit;  snout  sIimi]). 
with  greatly  <'onvex  upper  profile  showing  a  faint  transverse  giiMivc 
behiml  nasal  spines,  its  h^ngth  less  than  diameter  of  eye,  3A  to  Hr;  in 
length  of  head;    mouth    slightly    oblique,  reaching  a  vertical  haU\M)y 


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Jordan  and  Evvrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,      1031 


\l\\Vi   of    orii- 


Isnoiitsliiirii. 


II  UMi'ii  rmiil  iiihI  iiiitlillr  III'  pupil,  2{\  (in  .Vihiiik)  to  '1\  in  IimikIIi  nl'  Inail; 

.  \r  :(,'„  (hi  yniuiK)  tn  \\\   in  liniil.     (HII   nirtnlinini-N  wiildy  .joiiM'il,  tVrti 

iiiiiii  till*  iKilinins;    n    wi||-ili'\rliipi'i|   Nlit    luliinil   IjihI   ^\\\\  iniNul  spint-M 

iiiniilc,    iiH    in    I'lioHixliun  mmrlliiM,    lianlv    vinililr;    M|ipri'    pirupcirnliii' 

•  |iin««  sliiirt   iin<l  Nlniplr,  X  luwir  nniN  di-vi-liipi'il  dm  thin  runniiril  IoIii-k, 

I' ir<;nliiri,v  scrniltMtr  HpinuiiH.     S<|ntnniil  inn  ll^•  nsniil  in  Tiiijluiitt;  tlu'liiHly 

liiiM-  Ihi-  lali-riil  iini*  iiml  liir  tup  ami  siilis  uf  inail  thirixly  roVi'iril  witii 

aiall  HpiniinM  hihIis;    liiwcr  Niiii<  of  lirnii,  inclinlin^  tin-  luwi-r  paitN  nf 

I  hrfk  anil  prruprrrlr,  mill  a  narnnv  Htrip  alon;^;  iowi-r  hairi>t'])rriirl>ilal,  tlii> 
^iiliorliital  rin^;,  iiiiil  llir  Hiiltiirliila!  nlay  iiakril;  tin-  si-rii-M  uf  sli^liljy 
(  iiiarpil  ilmsal  xriilrH  vny  irii'^iilarly  ili'\  rlnpril,  tlir  i>lalrH  vary  iiijf  (ruin 

II  Id  III,  ill  (»  spn  inicns  t'liniili'il.  liatrral  liiii' Hli^litly  ilcprcHm-il  aliovo 
;i\ii  of  piM  liiiai.H.  liii'iiri-  asri'iiilin;^  liy  a  yriitly  roiiM'X  riirvr,  Munii'linirs 
iirarly  Kiraiulit,  with  51  to  Titi  Ncntrs  of  tlir  iisnal  chaiartrr,  liavin^;  iinilii- 
l.iliii;;  t'olils  ih'Hi  I'liiliii^  iililit|iu'ly  rriiiii  thr  posti'iior  niaix>ns;  nnnirruns 
-1  lonilaiy  I'ohls  also  pi«'«fiif,  iivcin^in^;  alioiit  1'  to  i-arh  HriitiMtf  tlii>  lut- 
I  lal  liiir,  tlir  total  imiiiiImt  of  tolil.H  count  I'll  a  Ion;;  hiwir  half  ol'siilrn  lirin^, 
ill  ailiillH,  aliont  lltri;  antiTior  basr  anil  axil  of  pi-rtoials  anil  a  strip 
mi'iirlin^  lirrast  in  fioiil  of  vi-ntral  tins  iiaknl,  tlio  ItrciiHt  with  a  fi-w  (5 
ill  ID)  traiiHvrrsi'  IoIiIh  siinilar  to  thosi-  on  siihs;  llir  latrial  folils  |ravi<  a 
wiiii-  naki'il  strip  alon^  ItaM-  of  anal  till  anil  ilo  not  riirirclr  laixlal  pi-itnnrlo 
ImIiiw.  Dorsal  spinrs  Ion;;' ami  cxtiriiiciy  .slt'inlrr,  tin-  lonyi'st  l.'|  to  ii.i  in 
lii'iiil,  the  1^  liiiH  si'iiarato,  tin*  inoiiiltiaiio  of  the  last  spini-  i-\ti>nilin^  to 
ii.iM'  of  lirst  soft  ray;  Holt  iloisal  vny  loii;>.  its  haso  2|  to  L',-;  in  h'ny;lli, 
liiiliii;;  sli;;hlly  in  ailvaiui-  of  last  anal  ray;  basr  of  anal  2\  to  '2\  in 
lin^tli ;  anus  anterior  in  position,  m-arly  niiilway  iirtwrcn  axil  ^\i  vnitriils 
mill  front  of  anal;  vnitrals  insi>rtril  in  tin-  usual  positimi,  thi-ir  ilistaiico 
1111111  snout  ){'j  or  I  ill  li'ii^tli.  Alon^  llifir  iiiitrr  margin  thry  an-  proviili-il 
with   a    wiilo  cntam'ons   fohl,   as   in    Tvifiloitn    humi,      'I'ln-y    rxtonil    wrll 

III  yonil  tlio  Vint,  in  niair,  or  nearly  to  the  front  of  anal;  pectonits  nsnally 
V.  itli  lil  rays,  tin-  lower  7  simple,  tliiekeiieil,  exserteil,  2  or  3  of  them  often 
I-  lull};' as,  or  loiij^er  than,  the  bianclieil  rays  iiliove,  the  tin  thus  appear- 
ing notelieil  or  loheil;  loiiKi'Mt  niys  extenilin;r  well  lieyoml  front  of  anal 
iiiiil  eoiitaiiieil  I  j  to  1}  tinn-H  in  lieiiil;  eanilal  lin  very  Bhar])ly  tinil  deeply 
tiirketl,  esjieeially  in  male  examples,  where  the  meiliiin  rays  are  but  A  the 
It  iiyth  of  the  longest  ones,  the  eainlal  varies  in  len;;tli  from  [;  len;^tli  nf 
licad  (in  males)  to  ij  length  (in  females),  and  eontains  11  rays,  the  lower- 
inust  (eorrespondinjj  to  the  iipj)einiost  deM-loped  ray)  shortened  and 
iiiiliranehed,  as  usual  in  T/(',(//o/w.  Coloration  siinilar  in  the  two  sexes: 
Lifiht  brownish  (in  spirits)  above,  the  baek  erossed  with  the  usual  \ 
Miildle-sliaped  blotelies,  the  lirst  one  broad,  under  the  tirst  7  or  8  dorsal 
>)iiiies,  the  hoeond  narrow,  under  the  tilth  to  the  tenth  rays  of  Beeond 
ildisal,  the  third  and  fourth  very  narrow,  under  last  dorsal  rays  and  on 
liiick  of  eaudal  pedumle;  between  the  seeoiid  and  third  bars  are  2  or  3 
f-iiiiilai'  fainter  ones  e([ually  dividinj^  tht^  interspace;  the  bars  are  con- 
liiiiied  to  below  the  lateral  line,  where  they  immediately  fork,  <;iviiig  rise 
iliiis  to  a  series  of  vertical  dark  blotches  mostly  arian;;e<l  in  pairs;  the 
interspaces  between  souio  of  the  auterior  pairs  with  a  bright  silvery  spot ; 


JBMl'JIBJjpHUa^ 


1932  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  .Ifnsenm. 


MiMliTsid*-  (if  liciid  1111(1  Ixxly  wliilisli,  tlic  iHCiisl  and  mitcridr  pint  of  Ix-Uy 
unir((  «»r  icMs  Nihcry;  liiiiii;^  of  opcrcld  jct-hliick,  tlit^  cdlor  dcst^ciKliii;; 
(into  \\w  iiititcrmost  brancliiostciriil  iJiyH;  iiii  ill-«l(!liiic(l  dark  blotch  liclow 
eye,  from  whicli  runs  a  narrow  streak  alonj;'  ]>rcorbital  to  front  of  snont, 
whcni  it  crosses  upper  ]!]>;  lower  lip  Mack,  exceitt  laterally ;  no  distiiK  I 
niarkin<>s  on  basal  portion  of  pectorals,  a  small  faint  spot  at  base  of  ii> 
npper  rays,  and  a  nnmber  of  very  fal'it  bars  sometimes  visible  in  females; 
males  with  2  conspicn(nis  Jet-black  bars  cntssin;;  terniii:al  half  of  the  lower 
thickened  pectoral  rays;  tips  of  the  narrow  caudal  lobes  jet-black,  iiu 
other  nnirkin;;s  visiole,  Aleutian  Islands;  several  specimens,  from  115  ti 
245  nnn.  hm;;,  from  station. 4  south  of  iSannak  and  north  of  IJinmak  islandv. 
at  dejiths  of  38  to  50  fathoms.  (Gilbert.)  (J'orjicatiis,  I'l'eidy  forked,  liki 
shears.) 

FAanuia  /orjieala.  <in,liKirr,   Kciit.  I'.S.  Tisli  Comdii.  18t);i  (lHi)«),  430,  ]>l.;f(»,  lig.  1,  Aleutian 
Islands,  at  Albatross  Stations  3213,  3314,  and  332a,  in  38  to  50  fathoms. 


|i.;:' 


A-'i 


724.  MELLETES,  IJeau. 

Melletes,  IIkan,  I'roc.  II.  S.  Nut.  Mu.s.  IK7!I,;),'J4  (papilio). 

Kody  moderately  elongate.  Head  broad,  deincsHscd,  rounded  Jn  front, 
naked,  with  several  cutaneous  Haps;  .jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines  witli 
bands  of  villiforni  teeth;  preopercnlar  spines  simple,  rather  strong;  gill 
uiembriMies  bfvjadly  eonnected,  free  from  the  isthmus;  a  slit  beliind  the 
last  gill;  ti  narrow  band  of  ctenoid  scales  along  sides  of  back,  meeting  in 
front  of  dorsal;  a  few  i^rickh's  on  anterior  parts  of  body,  and  some  small 
dennal  tla])s  on  s'des;  skin  otherwise  naked;  dorsals  connected;  tin' 
si)inuus  dorsal  long,  not  emarginate ;  pect(n'als  well  developed,  the  rays  ,1 II 
simple;  ventrals  very  long,  I,  4,  the  inner  surface  of  the  rays  armed  witli 
stiff  setai;  ]>yloric  ca'cr.  6;  no  air  bladder.  Alaska.  { i^ieWt/Tyc,  ;i 
loiterer;  remaining  in  shallow  jtools  as  the  tide  recedes.) 

2»0«.  MKLLKTKS  k'AIMLlO,  ]5eiiu. 

Head  2:i ;  branchiostegals  (J.  1).  XI-1,20;  A.  17;  ('.  11  (developed  rays); 
1'.  17;  V.  I,  4.  Body  moderately  elongate,  rather  slender,  somewhat  com- 
pressed posteriorly;  narrow  band  of  scales  close  to  its  dorsal  outlim , 
otherwise  naked,  Avith  the  excepl,ion  01  a  few  prickles  on  sides.  HcimI 
naked;  2  small  cutaneous  ai)pendages  on  chin,  1  near  the  end  of  Ciicli 
nnixillary,  2  above  eyes,  2  on  the  vertex,  and  1  near  the  upper  angle  of 
each  gill  opening;  branchrostegal  membrane  free  from  the  isthmus  poste- 
riorly. TJ'.e  greatest,  height  of  body  is  ^  its  length,  and  e(£uals  the  length 
of  the  external  caudal  lays,  its  height  at  the  ventrals  contained  4i^  times 
in  length.  The  least  Laight  of  tail  e(iuals  the  distance  between  eyes  and 
the  length  of  the  antecedent  spine  of  th(i  second  dorsal.  The  length  nl' 
the  caudal  peduncle,  measured  from  the  end  of  the  second  dorsal  to  tho 
origin  of  the  middle  caudal  rays,  equals  \  the  length  of  the  maxillary. 
Head  e((uals  twice  thfl  length  of  the  mandible,  its  greatest  width  e(iii.ilM 
the  length  of  the  ba^e  of  the  s^duous  dorsal;    distauce  between  eyes  3 


Jordan  and  Ever  maun, — Fishes  of  North  America.     10.'J3 


tiiiit's  in  lenjjth  of  83cou<l  and  third  dorsal  spinos;  length  of  snont,  or 
distance  fDoi  end  of  snout  to  orbit,  oi|iials  long  diameter  of  eye  and  \ 
\<'\\%W\  of  n]>per  .jaw;  length  of  maxillary  otinals  twice  length  of  caudal 
iirduncle,  and  .V  length  of  anal  base;  ntandiblc  2  in  head,  or  5^  body. 
There  are  2  obtuHo  spines  on  the  snout,  2  above  the  posterior  parts  of  the 
niliits,  and  2  on  tht^  vertex,  thi-  last  1  being  provided  with  short  lilanicnts, 
www  on  the  s))ino  of  the  snout.  Tliore  are  2  minute,  barbel-like  lilameuts 
(III  the  chin,  and  there  is  I  short  cntancouM  tag  close  to  the  end  of  each 
maxilla  anil  on  the  membrane  at  the  u|)pcr  angle  of  the  gill  opening.  The 
ilistance  of  the  spin(»us  dorsal  from  the  snout  e(|nal82.l  times  the  length  of 
lis  lirst  spine,  its  length  of  base  o(iuals  the  greatest  width  of  the  head. 
1  lie  second  and  third  dorsal  spines  are  equal,  their  length  being  contained 
IK  ;irly  5  times  in  the  length  of  the  body ;  fourth  dorsal  spine  longest,  its 
|(  iigth  1.1  in  body  ;  fifth  dorsal  spine.")  times  in  body  ;  last  dorsal  spine  shorter 
tliiiii  the  antecedent  spine  of  the  second  dorsal;  longestrayof  second  dorsal  \ 
IIS  long  as  dist::uce  of  pectoral  from  snout,  the  last  r:iy  \  as  long  as  the 
iiiitecedeut  spine;  distance  of  the  anal  from  the  snout  nearly  twice  that  <>f 
the  spiuousdorsal  from  the  same  point ;  length  of  the  anal  base  twice  that 
ol  tlic  maxilliuy;  longest  anal  lay  twice  as  hnig  as  the  List;  tips  of  the 
Mini!  rays  fre(^  from  the  membrane,  some  of  them  for  a  ilistance  e(|iial  to  A 
t!ic  diameter  of  the  orbit;  length  of  th(>  middle  caudal  rays  \{  times  in 
tli.it  of  the  body,  the  length  of  the  externol  rays,  4  times;  length  of  the 
luiigest  pectoral  ray  nearly  twice  that  of  the  fifth  dorsal  spine,  extending 
III  vertical  tiiroughthe  lOot  of  the  sixth  anal  ray;  distance  of  ventral  from 
siiiiiit  equals  3  times  the  long  diameter  of  the  orbit;  length  of  longest  veu- 
tial  ray  nearly  \  that  of  the  body, extending  to  vertical  through  the  ,oot 
iifthe  seventh  anal  ray;  tips  of  the  rays  extending  beyond  the  membrane, 
ill  one  case  about  i  of  the  length  of  the  tin;  ventrals  furnished  with  stiff 
sctii'  on  their  under  surface,  following  the  course  of  the  rays.  Color:  The 
iiioimd  color  of  the  upper  part  of  the  body  is  a  light  grayish  brown,  <m 
which  are  4  markings  of  a  <larker  brown,  of  which  the  first  \\  ar(>  baml-like 
and  extend  below  the  lateral  lino,  while  the  fourth  is  widest  below  and 
sends  only  a  nai-row  point  below  the  lateral  lino;  between  the  third  and 
i'ciiirth  largo  body  markings  then'  is  a  small  blotch  of  similar  color  begin- 
ning at  the  lateral  line  ami  ixteuding  downward  a  <listance  equal  to  about 
'  the  long  diameter  of  the  orbit;  at  the  base  of  the  caud.il  is  a  band-like 
Marking  similar  in  color  to  the  body  markings,  and  the  posterior  half  of 
tlKxaiidal  bears  2  obscure  bands  of  brown;  between  the  brown  markings 
tiicie  is  au  area  of  yellowish  white;  top  of  head  sienna  brown;  cheeks 
hrown,  of  a  darker  tint  than  th<^  rest  of  the  head;  lower  parts  of  head  yel- 
lowish white,  as  are  the  bases  of  the  pectoral  and  the  anterior  part  of  the 
111  Uy ;  lower  parts  of  the  body  grayish  white,  dottcil  here  and  there  with 
sixits  of  milky  white,  largest  of  these  milky-white  spots  is  not  more  tlian 
'  as  long  as  the  orbit;  belly  with  some  similar  spots,  lesembling  m  this 
iespcvt  the  male  of  MyoxovcphnliiH  (jrtinlandUuH,  but  the  spots  are  much 
smaller  than  in  that  species;  spiuousdorsal  mainly  very  dark  brown,  with 
1.'  light  area.-,  in  its  anterior  and  posterior  parts;  second,  third,  and  fourth 
body  t.arkiugs  continued  upon  the  soft  dorsal;  that  proceeding  from  the 


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lO.'i-i  Bulletin  ^7,  l-nitcd  States  National  Museum. 


fourth  body  markiiifj,  however,  is  continued  forward,  forminf;  a  mnr<jiii 
for  tlie  np)i<>r  ixmterior  part  of  the  HoftdoiHal;  ;;romid  c<tlor  of  the  pec 
toral  a  /riayisli  brown;  on  this  ground  cohu'  the  upper  portion  of  the  liii. 
on  itH  anterior  wnrface,  lias  Heveral  bands  of  milky  white  bordered  witli 
Hieiina  brown  ;  tlie  b)wer  part  of  the  anterior  HUifaee  niottle<l  with  nearly 
linear  niarkin;;s  of  Hienna  brown  bordered  with  milky  wliite;  the  mark 
iufjs  of  the  posterior  Hurfae(M)f  the  ]»eetoral  corresi)onding  in  the  main 
witli  those  of  the  anterior  siirfaee,  but  the  tii)s  of  the  membrane  between 
many  of  the  rays  are  milky  white;  vontrals  streuked  and  s))otted  with 
sienna  lirownand  mill<y  white  on  both  surfaces,  the  membrane  eloisetotin 
third  ray  having?  a  rejjnlar  alternation  of  these  brown  and  white  spots: 
anal  j>rayish  brown  sparsely  mottled  with  spots  similar  to  those  on  tin' 
ventrals;  peritonenni  silvery  white.  The  length  of  the  intestine  Ih  o<|n;il 
to  tin*  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  to  the  end  of  the  anal  fin.  Tlir 
genital  papilla  is  short,  about  etpial  to  the  opeiiinjif  of  the  vent.  Pribiloi' 
Islands.  Known  fioni  1  specimen,  length  185  mm.  (liean.)  (papilia. 
buttertly.) 

Melletes  papilio,  Ukan,  rroc.  II.  S.  Xat.  Mns.  1879,  .'i.'>4,  St.  Paul  Island,  Pribilof  Group 
(Type,  No.  2:)751,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Coll.  llcnry  \V.  Elliott) ;  JouuAN  A:  GiLUEUT,  Sy nop 
ais,  716,  188:). 

725.  HEMILEPIDOTUS,  Cuvier. 
(luisir  L<)un8.) 

TTnnUepidolun,  CnviEK,  llt'ffiio  Aniiii.,  Ed.  2,  Vol.  u,  lf»5,  1829  (hewilepidotiit). 
Tcinnistia,  Ukmiakdso.n,  Fiiudu  l5or.  Aiirnr.,  in,  59,  1830  (ventncogus). 

liody  with  2  broad  bands  of  rough  scale  like  plates  on  e.ich  side,  1  aloni; 
the  side  of  the  back,  1  alonji;  the  lateral  line,  the  upper  bands  meeting; 
anteriorily  in  front  of  dorsal;  scales  roundish,  their  upper  an«l  postcrioi 
marjiins  free;  skin  otherwise  uiikcd,  the  naketl  skin  thick  and  linn;  licinl 
naked.  Villiform  teeth  on  .jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Top  of  head 
rugose,  the  ridges  low,  without  spines,  no  .spines  on  su])raorbital  run. 
liranchiostegals  (5.  Asnuill  slit  behind  fourth  gill;  gill  membranes  joint  .1 
to  the  isthmus  anteriorly  but  forming  a  rather  broad  fold  aciross  it;  jin- 
opercular  8])ine8  simple,  strong.  Dorsal  (ins  connected,  the  first  loni;, 
with  strong  sjiines,  emavgiiuite,  the  lirst  3  spines  shorter  than  those  wliidi 
follow  ;ventrals  I,  4.  North  Pacilic,  in  shallow  water.  {}}jin , halt',  XETfiSayro: 
scaled.) 

n.  Tliiimt  and  bolly  ]>nro  wliito,  or  ]>alri  yollow.     B.  TIT,  VTII,  21 ;  A.  17.     .TOlU)ANI,  2:iii7. 
aa.  Tlirout  and  bi-Uy  prol'iisoly  .spotted  with  black.    1).  Ill,  VIII,  19;  A.l."). 

UKMU.EIMDOTUH,  2:'.t)S 

2.'i07.  IIKMILEPIDOTIJS  .lOKDAM,  ISenii. 

(Ini.sH  LoBD;  Yellow  Srui.piN.) 

Head  3 ;  depth  4^.  D.  Ill,  VIII,  21 ;  A.  17 ;  V.  T,  4 ;  eye  3  in  head ;  pccto, ,il 
3^;  ventr.'illl;  third  d<n"sal  spine  3;  eaiulall?.  Hody  rather  robust  anlc- 
rbuly,  tapering  into  aslender  caudal  pedunch;;  mouth  moderate,  the  mux- 


Jordan  and  Rvermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1935 

illiiry  roiiohiiijjf  to  inidiUo  of  eye;  lower  Jaw  incluiltMl;  villiform  trt^th  on 
J;i\vs,  vomer,  and  ])alatint>s;  intcnn-hital  deeply  eoneiive,  jibont  \  eye;  a 
ll:i|)  of  Hkin  above  ]iostfrior  inarghi  of  eye,  1  on  check,  a  eonple  at  tip  of 
|n\v*-r  jaw,  1  on  end  td'  maxillary,  1  at  eacdi  .side  of  nape;  topof  h(>ad  eor- 
iu<;'at.ed  bnt  witliont  HpineH.  A  ban<l  of  HcaleH  alon^  back,  in  4  st'iics 
iiitfiiorly,  1  or  2  posteriorly;  a  naked  area  between  this  band  antl  lateral 
line  (d"  abont  the  same  width;  a  scries  of  scales  alon;^  lateral  line,  li  scries 
iliiMji;;  th*^  mesial  third  of  its  length;  below  lateral  line  a  band  of  scales  in 
7  iir  8  s»'ri»'s,  bcconung  scattered  and  embedded  under  pectorals.  Fins 
;j;iriitly  elavated  in  the  males;  »nij;in  of  dorsal  over  base  of  pc4  torals.  the 
lirsl  3  spines  snbeqnal,  the  other  anterior  spines  ninch  lon<i;er,  but  sliy;htly 
slmrter  than  soft  rays;  tip  of  pectorals  reaching  to  below  tlio  fourth  soft 
lay  of  dorsal;  ventrals  inserted  slightly  behind  them;  their  tii)s  reaching 
s  (lit;  caudal  suldruncate.  Color  creamy  white,  mottled  with  dark  brown ; 
tlie  niottlings  forming  irregular  cross  bars;  some  irregular  ladiatiug  lines 
fninieye;  ventrals  white  in  the  female,  dusky  or  speckled  in  the  male; 
ipilicr  tins  with  wavy  dark  cross  bars  and  spots;  lowi-r  parts  largely  bright 
yrllow  in  life.  Here  described  from  specimens  from  Alaska  at  AlhalroHs 
Station  3291.  Length  12  to  25  inches.  Hering  Sea,  very  abnudantsouth  to 
I'lialaska  and  east  to  Kadiak;  much  value<l  by  tlu>  Aleuts  as  a  food-tish, 
although  rather  coarse;  specimens  secured  at  Captains  Harbor,  Unalaska, 
SI.  Paul  Island,  Bering  Island,  Unga,  Karluk,  and  at  Alhahoas  Station  3(»35 
utf  St.  (Jeorge  Island  in  21  fathoms.  Characterized  by  its  comparatively 
plain  coloration,  the  pale  j)arts  being  largely  bright  yellow  in  life,  wider 
and  .shallower  interorbital  space,  smoother  sid«*  of  the  head,  and  longer 
dorsal  and  anal.  All  specimens  examiui'd  have  dorsal  XI,  21;  A.  17.  At 
aiiteriiU"  and  posterior  ends  (»f  occipital  ridges  are  centers  ai«nind  which 
radiate  very  coarse  bnd<eu  strije,  contrasting  with  the  finer  grannlati(ms  of 
U.  Iiemilep'idolm,  \\\\'\i\\  are  .also  dis  d  in  Mating  lines.  The  nmles 
(I  i  tier  from  females  in  the  great  dev  ;    .l  of  all  the  tins,  the  higher  ilaps 

on  head,  and  the  preseuc(^  of  more  ycdlow  on  Jaws  and  branchiostcgal 
ngion.  TIh'  gctieral  color  of  body  and  upper  fin»'  is  dull  (dive  mottled 
with  bluish,  the  ventral  fins  an<l  sides  <d'  btdly  often  obscurc'y  speckled, 
the  under  parts  translucent  white  in  spirits  but  largely  bright  yellow  in 
lite.     (Named  for  David  8tarr  .Jordan.) 

Ill  iiiilrpidotwi  jordani,  Be a.v,  Proc.  F.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1881,1.');?,  Unalaska  (Type,  No.  27.'>98, 
I'.S.N.M.  Coll.  Sylvanus  15ailo.v) :  ( Jn.ltKKT.  Kept.  1'.  .S.  Kisii  Coinm.  18!t:i  (IH»C),4H1; 
Joui'AN  &.  Gn.i»EBT,  Fishes  Bering  Sou,  in  Rejjt.  Far  Seal  Invest.  1896, 181>7  AIS. 

2308.  lIKMILEPIIXtTIS  IIEMILKI'IDOTI  S  (TilesiuH). 


(REU  SCILPIN.) 

Head  2.^ ;  depth  3^.  D.  Ill,  VIII,  19  or  20;  A.  15;  eye  4^  in  head;  third 
dorsal  spine  3;  third  dorsal  ray  2J^;  pectoral  l»;  ventral  lA;  caudal  Ik. 
liody  robust,  not  depre.s8ed;  head  large;  interorbital  space  deeply  con- 
cave, its  width  I"  dianu'ter  of  the  large  eye;  occipital  ridges  low  and 
broad ;  bones  of  top  of  head  extremely  rough,  but  withont  sjiines,  naked 
but  with  radiating  stria-;  small  tiaps  over  posterior  p.art  of  eye,  at  oc<i- 
imt,  over  opercle,  and  on  cheeks,  maxillary,  preopercle,  mandible,  and  tip 


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BuUeliu  4y,  IhiUcd  States  National  Museum. 


of  snout;  inoutbinodorate,  the luaxillnry  reaching  to  Ixilow  posterior  mm 
gill  of  eye.  .JuwHBiil>e(|ual;  villiforiii  tectli  in  broad  bands  on  jaws,  vomer, 
and  palatinos.  Skin  thick  and  firm;  gill  nifnibranes  forming  a  modfratt- 
fold  across  tho  istlimiiH;  n|i]irr  band  of  H(;alos  of  about  4  rows,  narrower 
than  tho  interspace;  (irst  3  spines  of  dorsal  about  equal,  lower  than  thos. 
following;  soft  dorsal  high.  Olivaceous  or  roddish,  more  or  less  mottled 
and  barred  with  darker;  belly  and  lower  parts  pale,  jtrofusely  covered  wit  li 
small  blackish  spots;  (iiiH  all  more  or  less  speiiklcd;  skin  Joining  bones  oi 
jaws  llnely  spotted  with  black.  Length  18  inches.  Kamchatka  to  Sjih 
Francisco;  abundant  from  Tuget  Sound  to  8itka;  not  common  in  Berin;; 
Sea.  Smaller  than  HiinilepidoluHJorilani  aud  much  more  varied  in  color. 
Here  described  from  a  spe(;imon  9  inches  in  length,  from  I'uget  Sound. 

Although  much  less  abuinbint  in  IJcring  Sea  than  II.  jordani,  this  is  tlu' 
only  «i)ecieH  which  came  into  the  hands  of  the  older  writers.  The  Cothm 
fn(vltiini8  «tf  Pallas,  BUpsius  renliicoaus  Eschscholtz,  H.  lilenii  Ciivier  A 
ValeiicienneH,  and  II.  {lihbai  Gill,  all  belong  here.  In  addition  to  tli( 
striking  ditl'crences  in  color,  H.  iHinVvp'ulotus  is  distinguished  by  tbeuiiicli 
narrowi-r  and  deeper  interorbital  spact^  and  the  more  extensive!  grannlii- 
tions  of  i\\v  bones  of  the  head  in  adults.  Tlu^  occipital  and  temporiil 
ridges  arc  more  elevated,  the  granulations  liner,  extending  onto  upper 
portion  of  opcrele,  sulnnbital  ring,  and  bony  bridge  across  cheek.  Tlic 
opercular  rib  and  the  suborbital  stay  are  snujotli  or  faintly  striate  in  II. 
joidiivi.  The  vertical  lins  an^  constantly  shorter  and  lower  than  in  II.joi- 
dani,  tlie  formula,  P.  XI,  19,  A.  I.'),  being  constant  in  all  specimens  oxam- 
inod.     (7)niAE7tiSa}r6g,  half-scaled.) 

Cottu*  hcmilepidotut,  Tilesuts,  M^-m.  Ac.  Petersb.,  hi,  1810, 202,  Petropaulski;  based  on 

Myoxocephalng  earn  iittis,  Stem.ku  !MS.,  1741. 
Cottut  trachnnit,  Pallas,  Zoogr.  Koas.-Asiat.,  m,  138. 1811,  Kuril  Islands.    (Coll.  Capt. 

Ju8c)>1i  liilling.<4.) 
Ilemilcintiotm  tilegil,   CuviBR  &  Valenoiennes,  Jlist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  iv,  270,  1829;  altir 

TiLESiusand  Pallas;  Gf^NTHEii,  Cat.,  11,173. 
lilcimas  ventrirosvt,  Esciiscnoi.TZ,  Zool.  Atlas,  lid  llel't,  14, 1. 13, 1829,  Norfolk  Sound  and 

Sitka.    (Coll.  Capt.  Kotzel>uo.) 
Ue.milepidotusgihhsii,  GiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1802, 13,  Northwest  Boundary  Survey; 

no  dotiuite  locality  given.    (Coll.  Dr.  Suckley.) 
Ifemilepidntus  trachvrvs,  Jokdan  &  Gu.bert,  Synopsis,  71. '>,  1883. 
Tcmnistia  ventricosa,  Kichauijson,  Fauna  Bor.-Amer.,  Fish.,  59, 1836. 


14^ 


■.'v 


726.  CALYCILEPIDOTUS,  Ayros. 

Calycilepidohi$,  AvRE.s,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  1, 18.')5,  70  (i^pinosus). 

This  genus  is  very  <'1osp  to  IlemihpUJotua,  from  which  it  differs  in  the 
broad  union  of  the  gill  membranes  to  tho  isthmus,  the  skin  not  forming  a 
fold  across  it.  The  skin  of  the  body  is  thin  and  lax  and  the  single  known 
species  is  much  smaller  and  less  robu.st  than  the  species  of  Hiinilcpidohit. 
The  form  of  the  upp«M'  surface  of  tlu^  cranium  is  also  different.  The  ridges 
on  head  are  prominent,  broken  up  into  nuigli  irregular  spines;  post«'ii(>r 
part  of  supraorbital  rim  very  rough  and  uneven.  (ndAv^,  cup ;  XeTtidoorof. 
scaled.) 


1 


m 

si  ,  - 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1937 


Brior  mai - 


2:100.  <  ALVnLi:i>IIM>Ti:S  SIMXOKL'S,  Ayrcs. 

ll.iHl  I'i;  <l<plli  5.  I).  Ill,  VIII,  1J»;  A.  1.'.;  scalts  <5();  .•><•  Ij^  in  \wm\\ 
hiiixillary  2^;  foiirtli  dorsal  spiiu'  4;  pectoral  1.J;  vnitral  2;  raiidal  1^. 
i;(nly  rather  elongate,  deprcHsed  ;  head  liroad,  Hoinewhat  concave  l)et\veen 
I  lie  occipital  ridgcH;  2  sharp  railiating  ridges  heliind  iip|)er  posterior 
iii.'irgiu  of  each  orhit,  somewhat  inoken  u])  into  inegnlar  s])ines;  pt)sierior 
]i:irt  of  supiaoi'hital  rim  broUen  up  into  sjdnes;  top  of  head  coven'd  with 
loose  skin,  and  witli  thick-set  mucous  tuhes;  inteiorhital  spiict>  nnn'ow, 
(diicave,  \  diameter  of  eye;  preopercle  with  2  strong,  shortish,  diverging 
spines  above;  lleshy  slips  above  opercle,  near  upper  posterior  part  of  eye, 
Mild  at  occiput;  a  Ion;;'  tieshy  slip  on  maxillary,  ami  4  on  lower  Jaw;  many 
M  iilcH  on  sides  with  small  Haps;  skin,  where  not  scaly,  thin  and  lax;  dor- 
s.il  bami  of  scales  with  alxuit  7  rows  at  its  wi<lest  part,  anteriorly  much 
wider  than  \\w  space  between  it  and  the  lat«-ral  band;  isthmuH  rather 
hroiid,  the  rnentbranes  not  forming  a  fohl  across  it;  «Iorsal  tins  consid- 
(•ral)ly  oonnect«'<l,  spines  very  low,  the  highest  about  if  the  height  of  the 
soft  rays;  pc'ctorals  broad,  shortish,  about  reaching  vent;  distance  fnmi 
8piiu>us  dorsal  to  snout  greater  than  length  of  pectoral.  Color  Itrown, 
mottled  and  (d»scurely  barred,  often  tinge<l  with  r<'d ;  top  of  head  usually 
with  brick  red;  liiis  all,  «'xcept  veutrals,  nutttled  with  blackish  and  red- 
(li>ii;  skin  Joining  bones  of  Jaws  unsjiotted;  Ixdly  whitish,  immaculate. 
Here  described  from  a  specinu-n  from  Monterey  Hay,  (Jaliforuia,  U)  inches 
in  length.  Coast  of  (Uilifornia,  in  rather <lce)»  Avater;  not  common;  knuwu 
only  from  ab«>ut  Monterey  and  .San  Francisco.     {ajtinoHua,  spiny.) 

Ciihicilejndotuu  tjnnotnt,  AvnES,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ai".  Sci.,  I,  1855,  76,  San  Francisco. 
//.  inilepidotut  sidiiosvs,  GiBAun,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Svi.  Pliihi.  1856, 134;  GinAiii),  U.  S.  Pac.  11. 
U.  Sarv.,  X,  Fish.,  68, 1858;  Jordan  &  (iiLUKiiT,  Synopsia,  715. 


727.  ENOPHRYS,  Swainson. 

(STONK   SCITLI'INS.) 

Eiiiiiihnjs,  Swainson,  Class'n  Fislics,  n,  271, 183!)  (clatnger). 
Anpieottus,  GniAKD,  I'roc.  Ac.  Xat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1854, 130  (bison). 
iJhijii-iicottvs,  Aykks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1854, 12  (robustug). 

ISody  short  and  thick,  depressed  anteriorly.  Head  very  large,  mailed 
iiliove  with  rugose,  bony  plates ;  a  series  of  larg<',  rough,  bony  plates  along 
lateral  line;  no  scales.  Teeth  in  vil'liform  bands  in  Jaws  and  on  vomer, 
iioiio  on  palatines;  preopenle  with  strong,  straight  spines;  8ubor))ital 
stay  broad,  (wtcrnally  bony;  gill  meml>ranes  Joined  to  the  isthmus,  not 
forming  a  fold  across  it;  a  slit  behind  fourth  gill.  Dorsal  fins  separate, 
tile  anterior  short,  not  notch«'d;  anal  short.  Intestinal  <^anal  elongate. 
Herbivorous,  feeding  chietly  on  algie.     {Iv,  on;  O0pv5,  eyebrow.) 

AsPiroTTUS  {a<rni%,  shield;   (Jottttlj : 

II.  Preopcrcidar  spine  about  J  head, reaching  end  of  opercle  or  a  little  beyond;  bony 

])lateB  of  side  witlioiit  Iceel  or  spine.  nisON,  2310. 

Knoi'HUYS  : 

aa.  Prcoperciihir  spine  very  long,  reaching  middle  of  spinous  dorsal;   Itony  plates  of 

sides  eacii  with  u  serrated  kool  or  apine.  clavioer,  2311. 


:.''tii'.:'-...- «  1;; 


.! 


1938         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Miisemn, 


1 


life 


Subgenus  ASPICOTTUS,  Gininl. 
'iSlO.    KNOIMIKYS  lilSON  (Oirnrd). 

iriiul  2i ;  depth  4.  D.  VIII,  11 ;  A.  0;  Literal  plates  29;  oyo  5  in  head ; 
maxillary  2i;  pectoral  1*;  ventral  2^^;  <-au)Ial  2;  Hiiout  blunt;  uiaxillm\ 
reachiu^  beyond  pupil;  external  bones  of  head  rough  granular;  interor 
bital  spaee  elevated  and  eoneave,  the  orbital  ridgo  without  spine;  suli- 
orldtal  stay  covering  most  of  cheek ;  a  ridge  extending  backward  froiu 
each  ttye,  the  two  connected  by  a  cross  ridge  at  occiput;  the  ridges  lar^jv 
and  rough,  and  the  space  between  them  concave;  preopercle  with  4  spines, 
th<»  uj>]»er  very  long,  straight,  ami  rough,  usually  reaching  jmst  opercli , 
a  little  more  than  \  head;  ojiercular  ri«lge  very  broad;  subopercle  witli 
2  div«'rging  spin<!s;  a  single  series  of  large,  rough,  granular  plates  alon^f 
sides,  from  operchi  to  base  of  caudal,  the  plates  without  keel  or  spine  ami 
growing  smaller  behind  ;  spinous  dorsal  small,  much  lower  than  soft  rayH; 
anal  short.  Olivaceous  above,  variegated  with  blackish  and  n-ddisli, 
y<'llowish  below;  lins  olivaceous,  mark(<d  with  black;  ventrals  juilc. 
Length  12  inches.  San  Francisco  to  Sitka;  very  abundant,  especially 
about  Puget  Sound;  a  coarse  spcicies,  not  used  for  food.  Wh«!n  distuvbcil 
it  extends  its  long  preo])ercular  spines,  making  the  head  flat  and  very 
wide.  Here  described  from  a  spei-imen,  4  inches  in  length,  from  Puget 
Sound,  Washington.     {llUon,  the  American  bulfalo,  from  its  horns.) 

Asjiicottut  binon,  GUiAun,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1854,  lltO,  Fort  Steilacoom  (Typo,  Nm. 
322,  V.  S.  Nat.  Mns.    Coll.  Dr.  Suckloy) ;  Fort  Point  (No.  323.    Coll.  Liontonant  Tr<>« 
bridge) ;  San  Francisco  (No.  324.    Coll.  Dr.  lleennaiiii) ;  Tomales  Bay  (No.  325.    ( 'nil. 
E.  Samuels.) 

Olypeocottti*  robimtiis,  AviiKS,  Proc.  Cal.  .Ac.  Sci.  1854, 12,  San  Francisco. 

Aspieottus  himtn,  (liiiAHD,  U.  S.  Pnc.  U.  11.  Surv.,  x,  FislieH,  06, 1858. 

Jinophrys  bison,  Jukuan  >S^  Gilhekt,  Synopsis,  710,  1883. 


H 

A 


Subgenus  ENOPHRYS. 
2311.  KNOPIIKYS  CLAVIOKIt  (Ciivior  &  Valoncipnne.s). 

D.  VI-13;  A.  11;  V.  I,  3.  Top  (tf  head  everywhere  rongh;  2  stvoiiff 
nasal  spines;  superciliary  margins  nmcli  elevated,  with  a  deep  groove 
between  them;  4  preoix'rcular  spines,  the  upper  exceedingly  long  ami 
strong,  extending  nenrly  to  the  vertical  from  end  of  first  dorsal,  serrated 
and  coarsely  toothed  on  its  upper  margin,  but  withcuit  antler-like  processes ; 
"occiput  with  a  very  long  cuneiform  process  on  each  side;"  lateral  line 
with  bony  jdates,  rougher  than  in  Enophrya  bison,  each  with  a  serrated 
keel  and  .spine;  skin  subvillons  above,  with  small  rough  warts;  a  series  of 
small  cutaneous  appendages  abovt^  the  anal;  suborbital  st.iy  spinous; 
vomerine  te(>th  present;  isthmus  broad;  slit  behind  last  gill  large.  D.irk 
brown,  with  3  or  4  vertical  bands ;  belly  white.  Length  2\  inches.  Beriiiif 
Se.a.     Here  described  from  the  original  type  in  the  British  Museum. 

Dr.  Gilbert  mentions  also:  A  single  specimen,  52  mm.  long,  from  Allm- 
tross  Station  3233,  Bristol  Bay,  Alaska;  depth  7J  fathoms.  The  upi>cr 
preopercular  spine  is  long  and  very  slender,  extending  to  below  middle 


'■S: 


r:ti 


Jordixn  and  F.vcnuann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     lO.'JO 

nf  .spinous  tlnrsiil,  hearing  nniiill  HerrntiotiH  on  iintorinr  nud  poHtorior  ndj^os 
ol'  Ii:i8iil  half,  )>itt  without  larger  teotli  or  lU'cosHory  Hpinules.  Art'a  ubovo 
lateral  plates  thickly  beset  with  luinutu  jiriekles;  pimterior  partof  abdoni- 
iiiiil  region  and  the  area  above  iinal  tin  niuiilarly  besot  with  prickles  wbieli 
-carcoly  projoet  beyond  tiie  sinall  tubercles  in  which  thoy  occur.  A  tew 
hn'<;er  postaxinl  pri<'kleH  and  a  sinall  uunil)er  of  whit<^  lijanients  scattered 
filon^  middle  of  sides.  Kilauittnts  also  at  base  of  preopereular  spine  and 
L'  or  ii  at  ti))  «)f  maxillary.     Dorsal  VIII,  11;  anal  II  ;  lateral  line  :{>*>. 

A  specimen,  1.51  nun.  lon<f,  from  .tlhiihoxM  Station  'Mil'},  otf  liobbcn  Island, 
ill  10  fathoms,  is  entiri'ly  similar  to  the  one  rejxirtetl  on  by  (Jilbert.  It 
iii;iy  !»<'  described  as  follows:  I'lcorbital  with  2  strong  spinous  piojeetions, 
V  liicli  overhiji  the]»remaxillar}'  in  closed  mouth.  Interorldtal  space  dec])ly 
( lianneled,  the  orbital  rim  raised  posteriorly  into  a  blunt  s|»inou8  t  nbercle. 
A  snuill,  sjdnous,  occipital  tubercle,  behind  which  lises  a  hi;j;h,  sharp 
iiiirhal  rid}j;e,  whicfh  is  highest  posteriorly  and  hiis  its  upper  edge  finely 
It.othcd.  Nocirri  on  topof  head.  Upper  preopereular  sjiine  long,  Him]de, 
II  aching  beyond  head  t(»  fourth  or  tifth  plate  of  lateral  line;  below  it !{ 
short,  strong  spines,  the  lowermost  directed  dowuwanl  and  forward; 
(inter  surface  of  the  ujiper  spine  with  3  or  t  low,  finely  serrate<l  ridges, 
lis  inm^  edge  smooth,  without  accessory  cusps  or  spinules;  opercular 
liilge  high,  seirate;  two  sharp  spines  on  anterior  angh'  of  subopercle;  top 
•  iiid  sides  of  head  rough,  with  minute  spincnis  points;  preo])ercle  and 
lower  Jaw  with  numerous  short  lilaments,  a  longer  one  on  end  of  nuixil- 
laiy.  IJody  entirely  cover<'d  with  niiniite  ]»rickles,  which  invest  also  the 
a  lidorainal  region  ;  tho.se  above  lateral  line  longest  and  most  thickly  ]daced; 
lateral  line,  with  a  series  of  plates  similar  to  those  in  E.  bison,  each  sur- 
iiiouuted  by  a  sharp  spine;  Literal  line  with  2  curves,  approaching  back 
most  uearlyat  en<l  of  spinous  jind  iit  cud  of  soft  dorsal;  many  conspicuous 
white  tilaments  scattered  over  sides  Itelow  lateral  line.  Dorsals  entirely 
s(  parate,  the  free  interspace  as  Aviih'  as  pupil.  Head  2J  in  length;  depth 
;!;.  Eye  larger  than  interorl»ital  widtli,  4J  in  head.  D.  VIII-U;  A.  12 
(11  in  previously  noted  specimen);  1'.  Ki;  lateral  line  with  3.5  pl.ates. 
jiiisky  above,  with  faint,  darker  cross  bars;  light  below;  two  black 
lilntches  on  cheek;  sonu'  faint  dusky  V-shaped  prolongations  of  the  col- 
iiiition  of  the  back  down  toward  base  of  anal  tin;  tins  indistinctly  cu'oss- 
liaiiilcd;  a  dark  area  at  base  of  pectoral,  a  narrow  obli<[iie  dusky  cross  bar 
"II  base  of  caudal  tin.     (ilavis,  kt^y;  iicro,  I  Ix'ar. ) 

Caitvn  elavigei;  CTvier  &   VAr.ENCiKNNES,  Hist.  Nat.  Poias.,  iv,  195,  1820,  Kamchatka 

((;oll.  M.  Collce) ;  Gt'iN THEH,  Cat.,  Il,  167. 
Cnthi.<i('lq;ans,  tJuAY,  in  CuviKU  it  Valknciexnes,  niat.  Xat.  Poisa.,  iv,  195, 1829;  siunc  type. 
rnuiihriis  cliii'igcr,  .Ioroan  \-  (iu.iiEUT,  Synoiisis,  711,  188H:    (in.iJEur,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fi.sli 

Coiiim.  1893  (189Cj,426;  JORDAN  &  UiLltKKT,  Fi.slies  Jleriug  Sea,  1897. 

728.  CERATOCOTTUS,  (till. 


i^: 


I  n-alnenttm,  C,\u.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sri.  Pliila.  1859. 105  (dicemm). 

This  genus  is  very  close  to  Enophrijs,  from  which  it  dilfers  in  havingtlie 
Imig  preopereular  s]>iue  armed  above  with  recurve«l  hooks  or  autlcr-liko 
pioccsses,     Bering  Sea.     («/:7jac,  horn ;  Coitus.) 


'}' 


H\ 


k 


l1 


i 

H 
ft 


i: 


'1 


l^i 


IWO  nnlh'tin  /7,  United  States  National  AfHseuni. 


a.  TrntiBVorso  ocrlpital  rltlgc'  not,  tlcvoloited ;  Intnrorbltal  grwjvo  ilepp  nnil  narrow;  pre 

<>|M>rculiir  Hpint'M  hiiiiiII.  i.ccami,  '.i:irj 

ua,  TnuiMVfrHii  occipititl  riil;;«  wjill  (Irvcli)pod ;  iiitcriirliitiil  groove  Irnn  deep  ikliil  wiilci- 

lircopiTciilar  HpineM  lari;t>r.  dickuauh,  2:ii;i 

•J:|I2.  ('KUAT0(:<»TTI:S  iiCC.VNI,  Jonlun  .V  r.ilhpit,  now  HiH'OioH. 

Head  2<  ill  length,  iii«aHure<l  to  end  of  opeiciilar  llap;  depth  II!,.  1>. 
VU,  i:{;  A.  12;  I'.  17  or  18.  Kye  i'i  in  head;  maxillary  2A;  iirropenulin 
Hpint^l'A;  pectoral  tin  li!.  Maxillary  reaching  nearly  to  the  vertical  t'roin 
poHtcrior  margin  of  eye;  villiform  teeth  on  jawH  and  vomer,  the  outer 
HericH  in  J.-iwh  enlarged;  no  teeth  on  ]ialatineH;  interorhital  Hpace  vei  \ 
deeply  <!hanneled,  its  IciiMt  width  ^!  <liauieter  of  eye;  upper  edge  of  orhitnl 
rim  sharp  and  heset  with  a  single  series  of  small  teeth;  o(!cipnt  iihru])tlv 
depressed  liehind  the  eyes  to  below  the  floor  of  interorhital  space,  as  in  ('. 
(lieinins,  nearly  Hat  both  transversely  and  longitudinally,  the  occiput  ridges 
being  very  low,  and  the  transverse  ridge  so  conspicuous  at  back  of  occi])iit 
in  adult  i'.dictvanH  is  here  not  developed;  nuchal  ridges  high,  elevated. 
an<l  compressed  into  a  minutely  serrated  edge,  a  very  small  eusp-Iiko  eie 
viition  at  their  base  anteriorly;  nasal  and  proorbital  spines  as  in  r. 
dircntiiti;  upper  preopcrenlar  spines  slender  and  somewhat  deeurved  to 
ward  tips,  minutely  roughen«'d  on  the  outer  surface,  and  bearing  on  their 
upper  edge  'A  retrorsely  hooked  spines,  resembling  the  spines  on  a  rosi 
bush;  below  this  3  short,  strong  si)ines,  the  first  immediately  below  tlio 
uppi'r  spine  and  diverging  from  it,  the  second  directed  nearly  vertically 
downward,  the  third  downward  and  forward;  2  strong  diverging spinrs 
at  anterior  angle  of  suboperclo;  opercular  ridge  elevated;  all  exposed 
bones  of  head  roughened  with  radiating  series  of  lines  which  are  beset 
with  minute  prickles;  lateral  line  with  36  bony  plates  decreasing  in  size 
posteriorly,  ea<;h  plate  bearing  small  slender  spines,  those  on  the  middle 
of  plate  longer  than  the  others  and  directed  backward.  From  fragments 
of  skin  left  on  snout  and  side  of  head  in  1  specimen,  it  is  evident  that 
tliis  species  is  colored  much  at*  in  C,  dicirnua,  the  ground  color  light  olive, 
thickly  covered  with  small  dusky  sjiots,  around  which  the  ground  color 
forms  narrow  reticulating  lines.  When  taken  the  bones  of  the  head  were 
a  bright  vitriol  green.  l$ering  Sea;  2  specimens,  135  and  132  nun.  lonu; 
1  taken  from  the  stomach  of  a  cod,  the  other  from  a  halibut,  both  of 
which  were  captured  near  St.  Paul  Lsland.  The  skin  is  digested  oft"  from 
both  specimens,  so  that  the  color  can  not  be  determined,  but  they  are 
otherwise  in  good  condition.  Ditl'ering  from  C.  diecraiis  in  the  deeper  nar 
rower  interorhital  groove  and  the  smaller  size  and  different  armature  of 
the  preopercular  spines.  (Named  f<u'  Mr.  Frederick  Augustus  Lucas, 
Curator  of  Coujpiarative  Anatomy  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  and  mem- 
ber of  the  U.  S.  Fur  Seal  Conmiission  in  1896  and  1897. 

Ccrati)cottuslucasi,JoRVXti  &,  (Ulueht  MS.,  Fishes  IJoring  Sea,  1896,  1897  MS.,  St.  Paul 
Island  (Type,  No.  48234 ;  Cotype,  No.  0661,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.    Coll.  Jordan. ) 

2313.  ("ERATOl'OTTUS  DK'EBAIJS  (PalLis). 

D.  VII,  14 ;  A.  10 ;  C.  12 ;  P.  17 ;  V.  1, 3.  Form  of  Enoplm/a  hison,  the  hc.nd 
large,  wider  than  deep  or  long;  top  of  heail  nearly  as  in  Enopliryfi  hiKon, 
the  ridges  higher  and  very  rough;   orbital  ridges  elevated,  ccuitiuued 


J;  ■;  i 


Jordan  and  livermann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     1941 


hafkwui'il  toward  the  iiupe,  thu  nccipital  ritl^eH  Hliarp  Itrhiiid;  upper  pr*-- 
.'pui'ciilur  npiiie  very  lung,  ruiigli,  iiuiirly  jj  au  long  an  htmil,  with  strong 
lociirvcti  hook.s  or  horrationH  on  the  uppt?re<lge;  lower  pHMiporinhnspinoM 
^t^ollg;  oporcU)  with  a  huigitndiiiiil  rib  au<l  no  dlHtim-t  spino;  hitural  linu 
with  a  row  of  rough  bony  Hnitelhi,  «>ach  witli  a  iiiiniite  central  spine; 
sUin  above  more  or  h'HH  viihuiH  or  prickly,  ulH«)whoru  sniootli.  IsthnniH 
witlc;  a  slit  bohiml  last  gill;  vomer  with  truth.  IWTing  Soa,  ratlutr  coui- 
iiion  from  Alaska  to  Kanicliatka  and  Haghalin.  I  lore  ilt-Hcribuil  IVoni  a 
specimen  in  the  liritiHh  Museum,  about  (i  inches  h>iig. 

Dr.  (iriibert  has  thJH  noto  on  several  atlultu  taken  with  seine  at  Ileron- 
(Icen  May,  Alaska  Peninsula: 

There  are  (J  or  7  strong  barba  inelinud  forward  on  upper  surface  of  pre- 
(ipcrcular  8i)ine,  which  i8  very  long,  slender,  .ind  straight,  reaching  to  below 
middle  of  spinous  dorsal.  Filaments  arranged  as  in  l!tiopluiiH  <lari{)rr, 
liiit  those  on  posterior  part  of  body  much  mure  numerous.  Anal  paiiilla 
very  liU'ge,  0.27  mm.  in  a  specimen  195  nun.  long.  There  seems  to  be  no 
|irickles  on  n>gion  above  lateral  line,  or  on  abdomen.  8tonuiehs  tilled  with 
iiidlluscan  shells,  mainly  limpets.     I).  VIII.  13  or  II ;  A.  10  to  12. 

One  specimen  from  K*d)ben  Island,  collected  by  Mr.  Harrett-ilauiilton, 
and  3  y<mng  specimens  from  I'etropaulski,  show  the  IVdlowing  characters: 
I'lio  de])tli  of  the  occipital  depression,  the  height  of  the  ditferent  ridges 
and  sidnes,  and  the  amount  of  the  irregularity  in  the  cnspH  of  the  pre- 
opercuiar  spine  is  subject  to  great  individual  variation.  We  liud  no 
important  ditVerences  between  this  specimen  and  those  from  the  Alaskan 
Teiiinsnla  reported  on  by  Gilbert  (Report  ('ommissioner  of  Fish  and  Kisb- 
crios,  1896,  I2ti).  The  occipital  dejtression  is  less  and  the  cross  ridge  behind 
it  much  lower  in  the  adult  from  liobben  Island,  the  occiput  comparatively 
liat  ami  without  cross  ridge  in  the  young.  We  do  not  venture  to  base  any 
(lintinctions  on  these  ditl'erences  which  may  be  due  in  part  to  age  ami  in 
part  to  individual  variation.     (5/?,  two;  xepaoi,  horned.) 

Cctluv  diceraus,  Pallas,  Nov.  Act.  Petroiiol.  1783,  354,  i>l.  10,  tig.  7,  Petropaulski,  Kam- 
chatka (('oil.  Stollfl);  CUVlEll  Jt  "VALENCIEN.VKS,  Hist.  Kilt.  I'oisM.,  IV,  18U,  181!9; 
Gi'NTUEK,  Cut.,  U,  189. 

.Sliimitceia  cefvut,  TlLESlUS,  Mciu.  Ac.Pertorsb.,  ni,  1811,  278,  pi.  13,  Petropaulski.     (Coll. 

.StuUer.) 
t'iitlus»telleri,  Dloch  &  Sphnbider,  Syat.  lelitli.,  03,  1801 ;  after  Steixku. 
(\iatncoUu»dict'rau»,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliihi.  1850,  Itif),  and  1H«1,  l(i7. 
Enophnji  diceravs.  .foRUAN  &.  Gilueut,  Syuopais,  711,  1883;  Gilueut,  licpt.  U.  S.  Fish 

Comm.  1893  (1896),  426. 

729.  COTTUS  (Artedi)  Linnaus. 
(MILLKU'S  THUMU.S.) 


■s 


coitnt,  Aktbdi,  Genera  Plscium,  49, 1738. 

'  'itttm,  LiNN.EUS,  Sy.'jt.  Nat.,  X,  264, 1758  (gohio  *). 

I'l'iedictis,  KafinesqUK,  Iclith.  OLienais,  85, 1820  (ietalops). 


'  Gottut  gobio,  the  common  Miller's  Thumb  of  Europe,  belong.s  to  the  same  group  "t* 
('(ittun  polhcarit,  philonipx,  etc.,  having  no  palatine  teeth,  the  skin  smooth,  ant!  tlie  ventral 
lavs  1,4.  The  rays  are  D.  VI  to  VIII,  16  or  17;  \.  12.  The  name  VoltH»  is  restricted  to 
tills  type  by  Ciivior  \  Valenciennes,  who  remark,  "  Ce  genre  (Cottui)  avait  pour  type 
primitive,  uii  petit  acauthopterygien  de  nos  rivierea  il  tete  largo,"  etc. 


i 


'I 


.1 


ii  'I 


r 

k 


:;1 


,1. 
it' 


m^ 


l!)t2 


DiiUctin  4j,  (^nitcd  Sta/i's  /National  .l/nst'/uu. 


Coflopitii,  OiKARn,  I'ron.  HoNt.  Soc.  Niit.  Hint.,  in,  I860,  ;iO;i  (rt/<j<.r). 
t'liliiiiiiHolIu;  iilli.  Plot'.  Html.  Sot.  Nut.  llJHt.,  VIII,  IHOI,  10  {)itniitulatuii). 
Taiiridea,  Joudan  a  Hkk,  Man.  Vurt.  K.  U.  8.,  Kil,  2, 2r>0,  I87H  (cicWi. 

FruHk  \viiti>i'Hcnl|iiim.  Hmly  fiiHiforni.  iltiiid  I'tx'lily  iiriimd;  Hkiii  hiiiooUi 
or  iiiortt  oi-  loNH  vt^lvttty,  itH  prickliH,  if  pirHriit,  not  bony  or  hiiiIo  liki  ; 
villitoriii  tortli  on  juwH  tiiul  vouu'r,  ami  HoinotiiiioH  on  puliitiiirH.  (iili 
opoiiiii^H  H()p)iriit<'<l  l>y  a  wi«lr  iHthniiiH,  ovur  which  the  Muiiiilniintm  ihi  nut 
form  a  I'old;  mt  Hlit  hrhiiitl  fourth  ^ill.  Mrumhiosttt^ulH  l>.  DormilH  iwarly 
or  ijiiito  Hopai'utts  the  lirHt  ol' *>  to  !)  Hhtudur  Hpiiit'M;  vcntrulH  luoildiah  , 
uiicli  with  a  Hliort  roncealed  Hpiiio  ami  I  Hoft  rayN.  Latnal  liiiu  pn.sfiii, 
iiHiially  moi'f  or  Uih»  cliaiii-Iiko,  Honi«*tiiiit>H  incomphtto.  l'ri-op«T<-le  willi  ,, 
Hiiiiplo  Hpiiiu  at  itH  tiii};lu  which  ih  iiHiially  ciirvud  upward,  itH  huHo  inini' 
«)r  hiHH  coverod  by  Hkin,  very  randy  ohHolrto;  iiHiially  'J  or  It  .spinoH  tiiiiiiil 
downward  bulow  tliis;  Hiibop«)rch)  iiHiially  with  a  concuvu  spiuu  tiiriittl 
d(»wnward.  Vcrtolmi-  iO-t--I{  -  I'li;  pylorii;  ca-ca  al)oiit  4.  FishcM  of  hiii;i1I 
Hi/o.  inhabiting  cJcar  watuiH  in  the  northern  partH  of  Kiirope,  Asia,  and 
Ainurica.  The  HpiMieH  are  extremely  mimeroiiH,  ami  are  very  dilhciilt  in 
diHtiniriitHh,  all  being  very  Himihir  in  form,  coh)ration,  and  habitH.  Ii  \n 
])robable  that  these  are  deHcended  from  Home  AHiatic  niariue  type,  ;in 
TrurhulennuK  {Hentriderinirlitlijis}  rather  than  from  MjioxoivphnlnH,  In  tliJH 
caHe  CotlUH  asjur  would  approach  more  nearly  to  the  ancestral  form.  I'roin 
it  are  dcHcended  Coitii»  urmlHotihrr  and  Coltitti  iiialojm,  with  their  miiltiliidc 
of  variations.  Coftiis  tjohio,  ali'iliruM,  pliilonipH,  and  iiollii:arin  indicate  tlii' 
puHsible  descent  of  Uiunidra.  i  like  manner  TihiU>it»ls  seems  to  bo  (je 
sceuded  throuyh  Ow coco/(««  from  Myojuceitlialua.  The  Miller' s  Thumb,  ni 
Blob,  is  found  in  most  streams  and  lakes  where  trout  oc(;ur,  and  it  i.s  (nic 
of  the  most  destructive  enemies  of  the  trout,  devouring  its  eggs  in  giiMi 
numbers.  (CoHuh ;  hotto?,  an  old  name  of  the  European  ililler's  Tliumlp, 
CotluH  (fuhio,  Linna'us,  from  Horra  head.) 

a,  PaliUiut)  Ihhh's  each  with  a  Imiiit  of  teeth  (tliuMu  rarely  few  in  uuniber  or  wlmlly 
abHuul). 

rEOKDIcriS  (7rr/Y>),  fOHIltaiu  ;   ixAu*!  tlsh)  : 

b.  ri'uoporcuhvr  ni)iiit<  short,  hookt'il   ujjwaril,  ixirtially  or  wholly  coiipoah'il  liy 
Hkin;  2  or  11  smaller  Hpiiies  (1ire(;ti>il  downward  hidow  it. 
e.  Anal  rays  l.T  to  20;  hack  and  sidea  Hiuooth  or  variously  prickly. 
U.  liody  ruhiist:  head  roiiudt^d  aiit^'riorly. 

e.  Vout  midway  between  base  of  caudal  and  tip  of  snout. 

Asi'KH,  2;;ii. 
ee.  Yent  nearer  base  uf  caudal  than  tip  of  snout. 

OULOSL'f, -:iir). 
dd.  Bwly  long  and  slender;  head  narrowing  rapidly  forward,  the  •^iiniit 
»cu1-(dy  rounded.  kvkrman.m, ■-'iMi, 

oc.  Anal  r.ays  11  to  15. 

/.  Head  narrowt'd  anteriorly,  the  snout  long;  lateral  line  oomiiliii-; 
bock  and  sides  cuaraely  prickly,  sometimes  smooth. 

KHOTHEDS,  Jil". 

//.  Head  more  or  less  bluut  and  rounded  in  outline  anteriorly;  the 

snout  short. 

g.  Anal  rays   13  to  15,   usually  15;  caudal  jteduucle  stout:  -Kin 

SUlOOtll.  SHASTA,  :!ol<i. 


L.1.7! 


JonUin  and  Evctmann. — Fishes  of  North  Amcriux,      HH.'J 


er  or  « Imllv 


joiiccalt'd  lpy 


ASl'KH.liill. 


(/>/.  A  mil  I'ii.vri  It  In  i:i,  iiiiiiully  i:i. 

h.  ChiiiIiiI  iiimIiiiii  Ik  vi>|',\  mIi-iiiIiti  IIh  IoiihI  ilrptli  iinl  luilrli 
Ki'i'Htir  lliiiii  illiiiiii'h'i'iiri'M' ,  l>o(|>  mill  liciirl  iiiul'iiMtilv 
H|l«i'klrll.  I'l'NCIII.AI  I'M.  'l'.\\\\. 

hh.    Callllul    |KMlllllclr  lll't'l),    ilM    ll'tlHt    (It'plll    ('<|IIU|    to  lt>ll({tll  of 

Miiiiiit;  buck  ami  Hitlt'N  Icnh  tllHtiiirtl.v  N|ii-<'kl<'il. 
i.  llt'iiil    liliinl,    liiw,    rtiiiiiilcil    iiiili'i'|iiil\  ;    liiitly    with 
viiuiii'  (liiiU  I'liiiiiU  or  N|H'rks,  not  very  (li«lini'tl.s 

llltl'l'ril ;   xklll   NIMiMitli   or  \iiliiillHly  |il'it'kl.\  .  Hiiliii-- 
liiiK'H  vt'l'y  loiiuli,  Niiiiii'tiniuH  |itii  I'l'itiy  hiikhiIIi. 

HKMIH<'AMI':U, '.'II'^O. 

I'l'.  Ili'iiil  U>MM  i'()iin<l)'il,  will)  a  iiit'<liaiMli<|ii't<MHlt)M  ;  lioily 
ii^iiully  Willi  lii'iiail.  iil>lii|iii',  ilark  liarM ;  axil 
lIHiiully  Willi  HiMiio  lliii'  prlcklrn,  tlic  but  k  hihihiIIi. 

Ici'Al.oi'N,  2321. 
TArinDKA  (raiipa,  I'OW  ;   elXof,  a|i|i<'arailfO) : 
bb.  rn'opt'i'ciiiar  Hpliic  vrry  lai'Kn,  aH  lar^o  iih  t<y)<,  ami  Hpirally  liiiokeil;  back  witli 
HtilllHli  pi'icklcH. 
j.  Diirmil  VIII,  IT ;  anal  1'.';  hoail  xciy  Itriiail  ami  llal  ,   boUy  olivHtaMdis,  lliicly 
Hpccklcil  and  iiicitlutl.  HIOKI,  23'J2. 

(  iiTTru; 
(III,  I'alaliiio  tcKtIi  wAutinK  (rarely  a  I'cw  tlcvi'lopeil  in  nialcH). 

A',  rrcopcrcli^  with  a  Npiim   at  its   aiiulc,   below  wiilrli    arc    '.'  iithora    ilirucluil 
downwartl. 
{.  Hack  iiiul  aiilcH  inoro  or  Iumh  jirickly  ;  (liir.MalH  ciuiiicolcii ;  lateral  line  com- 
plotei  iiruuport-le  with  a  loiiK  claw-liku  Hpiuc;  ibirHal  VIII, 17;  anal  13. 

oNYcuoa,  2;i23. 
U.  iinck  ami  aiiloH  Rtuooth  or  prickly  behind  axil  only. 

III.  I'l'uoperciilar  apiiie  Ion;;,  curved  upward  in  a  Hpiral;  dornal  tlim  low, 
coiiiiucUmI:  doraaln  VIl-IU;  anal  13.  I'ui,i,I('AI{|.s,  2:I2'(. 

mm.  Preojiorciilar  wpiiie  curved  upward;  pectoral  as  Ion;;  aa  head;  dor- 
h;i1  VIII,  18;  anal  14.  (OON.vrfu.  2;i2.'>. 

minm.  I'reoporciilar  spino  very  short,  hooked  upward;  dorHalH  well 
coiiuccted,  the  Hpimm  low,  tlie  woft  rayn  hl;;h;  lateral  lino 
incomplete.  Lower  iireopcrcular  apiues  well  developed  ;  1). 
VII,  21;  A.  15.  1"KIUM.EXUS,  232(1. 

kk.  Preopercle  with  a  aiiigle  Hhort  npino  at  ita  tip  only,  and  no  distinct  sjtiuea 
bohiw  it,  the  lower  apinea  reduced  to  angh^a  of  the  bone, 
rt.  rosUjrior  nimlrila  in  abort,  but.conaiiicuous  tulttia;  *  doraala  couneetud; 
akin  ainooth  or  nearly  ao;  duraal  Vll  lu  X,  18  or  lU;  anal  13  or  14. 
0.  Lateral  lino  very  iucoinplete.  Ki.AMA'riiKNHi»,  2327. 

00.  Lateral  line  complete  or  nearly  .iu. 

ji,  Uoraal  spinoM  IX  or  .\.  ALEUT1CU8,  2328. 

pj).  Doraal  apinea  VII.  minutus,  2320. 

nil.  Poaterior  noatrila  without  tubes;  skin  nearly  amooth;  D,  Vll  or  VIII. 
16  to  18;  anal  12  to  14. 
<].  Head  moderate,  3^  to  4  in  lon;;;th. 

r.  Mouth  rather  larKo,  the  maxillary  2§  in  head,  ronchiu^  to 

opposite  middle  of  eye. 

«.  Depth  4^  to  5  in  lon^'th.  iikluinoii,  2330. 

M.  Depth  6  in  lenKth.  I'Hiixjnips,  2331. 

rr.  Mouth  \ery  small,  the  maxillary  3§  in  head,  reaching  front 

of  pupil.  ANNiK,  2332. 

qq.  Ilcad  larger,  3J  in  length;  dejitli  5;  body  much  spotted. 

8PI  LOTOS,  2333. 


<l 


'  I 


'il      ' 


*  Not  described  in  Cotlun  iiiinutuii. 


M.';' 


r 


1011  Ihilh  tin  ./7.  I  'nitt'd  Shtcs  Kalional  AfHSiinn, 


kkk.  I'n'opi'ri'lit  without  M|iini>,  Km  imIu<<  covorcft  liy  Miiinotli  <iV\u.  u  Iriirc  ul'  tlir 

lipprr  N|lllll'  l'lllrl\    prt'MI<nt  ;    Hklll  Mllliilltll. 

/.   DcirNiiln  Hi>|iiir'iitii.  t.rioi'OMi'N,  '.'.'l.'ir 

((.  UurNiilit  I'liiini'i'tftl,  lung  iitiil  lnw,  u  hIihUiiw  nntfli  Ixttwixn  rt|iliH>iiH  hmI 

•olt  piirtM.  i-uiN<  Ki'H,  'j;i:io. 

■ubKenui  PEOEDICTIS,   ltiilliiiiHi|Ui'. 
VttH.  rOTTUN  \HVY.\U  nil  liariUuti. 


t 


rr 

u 

it  ■ 

m 


;1f 
-I 

:  it 
■;-'f 
'if 


i^ 


m 


(ritK'KI.V    lit'l.t.llKAIi.) 

Iloiul  3H"3' ;  •••M>tl'  •*•  l>.  IX  or  X.l!»t(»lil;  A.  17  or  IW.  rarnly  ir>  or  Id; 
oyu  5  ill  Iii'ikI  ;  iiiiixilliiry  2(| ;  i>«H!toriil  \^\  ventral  2;  ciiikIiiI  1'|.  Itmly 
<l«M«|ieHt  ut  slioiildurH;  niiitlitl   |m-(Iiiii(;1m  inodoriitt'ly  hI«mi<Iim',  its  ilcptli  ii 

littl«^    loNN    tiiail     iDIIKth     of    HllOllt.        lllMUl     WI)<l)jr(t-Hllil|MMl     HH     vir\V<'(|     IhiIii 

aliovf;  iiioiitit  i|itiUnit  lower  ]iroll!<>  ol'lieail;  iiiaxillary  to  Itolow  poHtrrinr 
iiiJirKiiiot'piiitil;  palatine  t*-<>th  in  u  vi^ry  narrow  liaii)!  on  front  of  paint  int'H 
only;  proopttrciilur  Npine  long  and  nlnirp;  interorldtal  rather  wide,  aliout 
eijiial  to  y*'rli*-al  diameter  of  eye;  ftectoral  l>ar<dy  reiM'hin^  front  of  anul; 
ventrulH  not  roacliiuK  vent;  dorsals  sli){litly  connected  nt  biiHo.  I'rickli.s 
coarHe  and  HtilV,  not  cloHidy  rrowdt'd ;  lateial  line  eonipletc;  vent  in  lii(> 
middle  of  the  body  in  tlir  lar^e  majority  of  HpecinnMis,  HiMuetimos  Hli;>liily 
nearly  tail,  (/olor  grayish  olive,  miu'li  spotted  and  mottletl  with  lda('ki^ll; 
all  IliiH,  except  anal  and  ventralH,  with  dark  wavy  ciohs  Hiich.  The  cout  scr 
prickleH,  more  anterior  position  of  vent,  and  flatter  interorhital  Hpini' 
HVi\n\rnivi  CoHitM  anper,  at  least  HiihHpecilically,  from  the  Sacramento  IiImi 
form,  Cottiia  iihIohiih.  Streams  of  the  (Jaacade  K'ange  from  \'ancoiivcr  IhIhiii! 
to  ()re>;oii,  abundant  in  cold  streams;  extremely  variable,  almost  evny 
variation  in  the  ron^hnesH  of  the  skin  bcin^  found.  Len;L>th  a  foot;  tli<> 
iar^^est  specieu  of  Cotlna.  Here  described  from  u  specimen  iVom  Walla 
Wallu. 

Dr.  Oilliert  notes: 

Five  specimens  taken  in  a  small  stream  emptying  into  IV]>artnie  Hay, 
Vancouver  Island.  The  head  is  naked  in  all  of  these,  and  the  prickles 
absent  on  Itelly,  alon^^  Ikihcs  of  npinons  dorsal  ami  anal  tin,  and  on  cinKlal 
peduncle.     1).  VIII  or  IX,  21  or  22;  A.  Iti  to  IS. 

Still  other  s])ecimont)  from  Vancouver  Island  and  about  I'ort  Townseiul 
have  a  baud  of  Huiall  ]irickles  extendin;;  alon^  lateral  line  to  middh- of 
aecond  dorsal,     (aapcr,  rotiRh.) 

Cottim  atper,  lilCHAiinsoN,  Fauna  ni>r.-Aiiier.,  Fish.,  2!)5,  1830,  Columbia  River  at  Kort 

Vancouver,    (('oil.  Or.  (iainhicr.) 
TiaehidirtiiU  richardaoiii,  Ueckel,  Ann.  Wioiier  Mas.  1840,  102,  Columbia  River;   altn- 

UlCIIAUDSdN. 

Centridennichthy*  asper,  KiCHARDsoN,  Voyage  Siilpliur,  Iciith.,  74,  1845;  GUntheh,  (';it„ 

II,  170. 
Oottni>n$  atjter.  (liBARn,  V.  S.  Vac.  R.  R.  Surv.,  X,  Fish.,  ."jl,  1858. 
Uranidca  aitiera,  JoRt>AN  &.  UiLiteRT,  .Synopsis,  094, 1883. 

2815.  COTTIS  (JILOSUK  (Giranl). 

Head  3 ;  depth  4^ ;  D.  VIII  or  IX,  l!t  to  21 ;  A.  16  to  18 ;  eye  .5  to  6  in  head : 
maxillary  2i;  pectoral  1^;  caudal  IJ.     Uody  not  much  compressed,  the 


Jordan  and  Evirmann. — J'islus  of  North  Annriai,      10 15 


I'liitiliil  |iuiliin«l«)  uliont  iiH  witio  ii><  Icn^ili  ul  Niioiit,  lioml  ItrotHll.N  roiiiitlotl 
il  snout  im  viowuil  fruiii  iihuvt<;  iiinnth  lur^o,  tlio  iiiiixilliiry  niui-liUi^  to 
llin  poNtt^rior  iiiar^iii  <il  |Hi|iiI;  IihihIs  nf  |>;iliitiii<<  tcotli  \  ai'i.ililu  in  H|Mt(i> 
III!  iiH  Irom  (litlt'iuiit  Ir.iilitios,  viii-yin^  t'lotii  ii  iniMlnikt«»  liamt  to  a  wiilo  oii«t; 
iiiiororbitui  otpial  to  whltli  of  oyo;  prttopm-iilar  Hpinu  nitber  Hlmrp  uixl 
Itinu',  rtM'toralH  i'«)a<'liiiiK  to  IVotit  ot'  aniti ;  veniralH  not  riMii'lihi^  to  vtMil  ; 
iliiisalH  Hli^litly  coniMicttMl  at  lianf.  Skin  prickly  or  nioro  oi-  Iuhh  Hinootli, 
tin  prickl«*H,  wImmi  <l(>vnl<»pr<l,  Hniall,  tTowiiiMl,  anil  llcxililo.  N'ltnt  iioaicr 
ItM^o  ot'  caiulal  than  lip  ut'  Nuuiit.  Color  Kra,\iNli  olivi>,  niottl«>tl  witli 
il;iikor;  vontriilK  li^'lit,  iinal  UkIiI  "T  HJiyhtly  <liiMky;  otlitu' tins  croMstMl 
with  wuvy  liiH'H  ot'  liv;lit  und  dark.  Stroains  of  the  (oaHt  Itan^t^  in 
Ciilit'orniu  noiitb  to  Point  Concopcion,  vory  <'oniniuu;  tho  luick  und  HidfH 
usually  cloHcly  prirkly  (iiarrim),  iiiit  tln>  skin  ol"t«Mi  wholly  or  partly  smooth 
((/ii/iwhk),  th«(Min«ioth  HpocininnH  iLsrally  with  axillary  priikh-M;  tli«  pri«kly 
I'm  III  inorr  coniiMon  coiiHtwiHo,  the  other  purbaps  niort*  abundant  in  Htrt-uniH 
(if  tint  interior,  the  two  not  tUstiu^iiiMhahlo  liy  any  iirrnianent  character. 
Ill  re  <lur4(TilKMl  front  specinionH  from  San  Fran<'iNi|nito  Cietdi,  Santa  Cluru 
CiiiMity,  California,  :t  to  7  inclioH  in  lougth.     [fiidoinn,  bi^  nioiith(>d.) 

Ci.ilniiHii  ijiilosuK,  (tiKAiiK,  I'ror.  Ac,  Xiit.  Sci.  I'liilii.  1X54,  I'.MI,  San  Mateo  Creek  *  (Coll.  U, 
I).  C'litlH.  Type,  No.  20(1,  I'.  S.  Niif.  Mils.) ;  San  Joaquin  Kivev  (('nil.  Hr.  lltTiiniun, 
No. 'J1lI,H|iu('iiiu'iiH  prickly  in  iixIIm  only);  (iiiiAUU,  I'.  S.  Tut'.  U.  U.  Siirv.,  n,  I''is|i.,ri3, 

IH.W. 
I'nttni'sU  iinnuin.  (iuiAUD,  I'roc.  \i\  N'ul.  Scl.  IMiilii.  IH-^l,  54,  Monterey,  Presidio,  Fort 

Reading,  Petaluma;  prickly  Hpcciiiiuns. 
Callus  SI' III i seal) nt  ceiitriijdii'ra.  Kiuknmann  A.    Khiknmann,  West  Ann-r.   Siicntlat,  Vol. 

VI,  No.  41),  Novomlior,  18Hi»,  140,  AUtn  Springs,  Lake  Co.,  Cal.  (Cull.  J).  Cluvcliiiub ; 

s|i<M'iiiion8  with  Hides  prickly. 
VniiriileniiiclilliiiM  iiiiltitui,  UDmiiKn,  (.'ut.,  ii,  170. 
L'laiiidfauuluM,  JouuAN  ic  UlLUiiur,  .Syiioiisin,  005,  1883. 

8810.  COTTl'S  KVKKM.V>>I,  HillK-rt. 


Mead  :V'  ill  lenj^th;  depth  5;  depth  -(f  caudal  peduncle  2J  In  greatcHt 
ilrplli.  r>.  VII, 21;  A.  IS;  IMtJ;  V.  I,  I.  ireadHinall,  depressed,  narrow iuij; 
rii|iiilly  forward,  the  snout  more  acutely  rounded  than  in  ('.  pHnrlulatiin. 
Month  with  distinct  lateral  eh'ft,  the  maxillary  reaehiii;^;  a  vertical 
iiiiniediately  in  advance  of  pupil,  2)f  in  head.  Mandible  Hli;ilitly  ])rM- 
tniding.  Teeth  in  narrow  bands  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines,  the 
liillir  v<!ry  weak,  app.'ir  iitly  concealed  in  part  lieneath  th(>  skin.  Total 
iiitiKubital  width  abtuit  ij  diameter  <»f  eye,  hhallowly  concave;  occipital 
;iri  M  tiat  or  ^fcntly  convex.  Kye  small,  l,";  in  snout,  .">  in  head.  I'ores  on 
lii-.id  unusually  large,  the  most  couHpicuouH  occurring  on  Hiiborbital  ring, 
iiloii;;  mandible  and  preop«'rch',  and  in  a  horizontal  line  above  optn-cle; 
1{  poioH  form  a  straight  fransverso  lino  behind  the  orbit;  a  short  nasal 
tiilii';  upper  preopercular  spine  represented  by  a  short  triangular  process, 
till'  margin  of  the  bono  below  it  being  smoothly  rounded.  Spinous  dorsal 
sliDit  und  comparatively  very  high,  the  longest  spine  slightly  more  than 


riiuyounj;  iiiiliviilual  from  rpjmr  Pitt  Rivor  (Coil.  Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry),  mentioned  by 
1>|'.  fiiriinl,  |)roliitbly  belongs  to  (JoUu*  thasta. 

3030 45 


1040  BuUefhi  fy,  United  S/afrs  Nafional  ]\Tuscum. 


't.. 


\  tin'  l(ni>i«'Ht  soft  lity;  lust  Hpiim  liijjlicr  tliaii  tlir  fiiHt  iiii«l  iiltoiit /,  tlic 
loiifjcst,  tli<^  least  licijfht  of  the  mfinlinm»<  joining  last  spino  to  fiisl  suit 
ray  cxci'cdinK  Icn-;!!!  of  snout;  loiiK«'st  my  of  soft  dorsal  slifihtly  nich 
tliiui  \  head;  all  tlio  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  fins  siinpl(\  nnliranclud; 
••aiidal  lonfi;  and  narrow,  iiearly  trninatr  wln-ii  spread,  If  lengMi  of  IichI; 
!t  caudal  rays  an'  branil.'d  at  tip  for  altont  \  length  of  rays.  The  jm  M|(ir;i| 
reaches  the  vertical  from  fourth  ray  of  soft  dorsal,  the  upper  ray  sini|il( , 
the  next  (5  or  7  f<»rked,  the  reniaining  rays  lieing  thi<"l<eiied  with  intisnl 
mcmli'anes;  vcntrals  with  1  sjiine  and  4  rays,  uot  reaching  vent,  IJin  liciid. 
Lateral  line  conspiciions  anteriorly,  running  high,  interrupted  nude  i 
eleventh  or  tw(dftli  ray  of  s<tft  dorsal,  a  mere  trace  visible  tlionce  to  Imsc 
<»f  caudal.  Sidt-s  of  liody  thickly  covered  with  coarse  jnickh's,  th«'  liend, 
the  breast,  belly,  and  a  narrow  strip  along  base  of  anal  tin  naked.  (Ntjdr 
light  brownish,  faintly  verniiculated  with  darker,  with  traeosof  5  irrcj;ii. 
lar  cross  burs  from  back,  and  ft  narrow  distinct  bar  at  base  of  caudal ; 
pectorals,  dorsal,  and  caudal  cross-barrtMl.  Characterized  by  tlu!  {(ju;; 
slender  bodj'  entirely  covered  with  coarse  prickles,  the  short  spiudiis 
<lorsal  very  itroadly  united  to  the  very  long  soft  dorsal,  thi'  long  anal  tin, 
\\w  iniomplete  lateral  line,  the  very  large  p<i.res  on  head,  the  brancin d 
pect(U'al  rays,  an«'.  the  absence  of  any  distinctly  projecting  preopercnlin 
spiiie.  One  spet  imen,  2^  inches  huig,  from  Lost  Rivor,  near  Klanialh 
J-'alls  Oregon.     (Nauu'd  for  Barton  Warien  Everm.'inn.) 

Voliui  frennauni,  (Iilhert,  Jiiill.  V.  S.  Fisli  (>  iiini.   1897,  11,  with  figure,  Lost  River. 
L>,stine,  Oregon.     (Type,  No.  48228.    Coll.  Oilliert,  Cramer,  and  Otaki.) 

2317.  tOTTIS  RHOTIIKUS,  Rosa  Smith. 

Head2f;;  depth  4,*.  D.  VII  or  VIII-16  or  17;  A.  11  or  12;  lateral  liiK 
32  to  31;  eye  .">i  in  head;  maxillary  2^;  pectoral  1^;  caudal  1(;.  liody 
rather  deep  at  shoulders,  tapering  into  a  slender  caudal  peduncle;  lic.id 
pointed,  somewhat  wedge-shaped;  mouth  large.  Horizontal,  at  lower  ]no- 
lile  of  head;  maxillary  reaching  to  posterior  nuirgin  of  pupil;  palatine 
band  of  teeth  very  broad  and  long;  iuterorbital  concave,  about  as  wide 
as  eye,  preopercle  sjtine  sharp,  with  2  smaller  ones  below  it.  Pectorals 
r';aching  to  front  of  anal;  ventials  not  i caching  vent;  dorsals  scarcely 
connected;  lateral  lint^omplete.  Skin  of  head  smooth,  that  of  back  ;iim1 
sides  usually  rough,  with  short  coarse  prickles,  shorter  and  stitfer  tlinii  in 
CotlKx  anper,  Color  dark  gray,  spotted  and  mottled  with  bhukish:  all 
tins,  excejtt  ventrals,  mottled  with  blackish;  beJly  white  in  the  smaller 
specimens,  dusky,  with  small  black  points,  in  the  larger  ones.  Columiiia 
River  Ba-nn,  generally  common;  a  well  marked  species.  Here  descriliod 
from  specimens  from  Hangman  Creek,  Tekoa,  Washington,  from  3  to  4 
inches  in  length. 

Concerning  this  species  Gilbert  ifc  Evermann  remark:  "This  stroni^ly 
marked  species  is  abundant  in  the  Spokane  region,  and  was  taken  at  the 
following  stations :  Little  .Spokane  River  at  Dart's  Mill  near  Spokane,  and 
at  Chattaroy,  Washington;  Columbia  River  at  Colville,  Washington; 
Camr  d'Aleue  Lii^.o  near  Cceur  d'Aleue,   Idaho;  Clearwater  River  mar 


Jordan  and  Ever mann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1047 


i^opt'i'i'iPMr 


l-ewiston,  Malio;  Walla  Walla  River  at  Wa!liila,  On-jjon;  Hangman 
(  rit'k  lit 'I'ekiia,  WaHliiii<;toii ;  Natclioss  I'iver  iit  North  Vakiiiui,  WaHliiii;^- 
toii;  Newaiikum  liiver  near  ('hehalifl,  Wasliini^tou  ;  Suoiiualmlo  River  at 
Mm(|iialiiiio  Falls,  Wasliiii^fton." 

The  .salient  ft'aturi'H  of  tluH  sj»e<ie8  are:  (1)  the  pointod,  wedj^e-Hliajied 
|ii(ilile  of  head,  as  viewtsd  from  above,  this  coutrastiug  stron>;:ly  with  the 
iiMially  hroadly  roiuidtMl  contour  of  other  species;  (2)  the  wide  Lori/ontal 
iiiouth,  (|nitf  at  lower  ])roliIe  of  head;  (li)  the  uotirealdy  eoticave  iiiter- 
oiliital  and  occipital  re.nioiiH;  (I)  tlm  very  1  road  and  long  palatine  band 
of  teeth;  (5)  the  rather  slender  body  and  the  extremely  slender  caudal 
|)(<luuele,  the  latter  expanding;'  fan-like  at  hasf  of  caudal  iin;  (•!)  the 
(Inisals  usually  separate;  when  uniteil,  at  cxtrenui  liasc  only;  (7)  lateral 
line  com])letc;  (S)  sides  usually  well  invested  with  prickles,  which  are 
ti  i:Mi;^iilar  and  coarse,  and  less  closely  plactul  than  in  ttsprr.  Tlu^y  are 
,in.iuj;ed  more  or  less  deliuitcly  in  oblique  series.  'I'htMt!  is  considerable 
viiiiaLion  in  the  complet^'iiess  (  (  i^he  investment,  and  in  one  specimen  from 
(  lu'lialis  an  axillary  patch  only  is  i)resent. 

i'he  specimens  from  Cliattaroy  and  from  Snoi|Ualmic  Falls  are  referred 
to  this  species  with  donl)t  as  to  tlieir  iilentity.  The  following  table  will 
irjvean  idea  of  the  amount  of  variation  in  nuudier  of  lia  rays  found  in 
til  is  species: 


Lost   River, 


Lociility. 

Little  SpoliaiK!  Iliver. 

XatclK^ss  Kiver 

Nt'waukiuii  wiver 

Walla  Walla  Kiver... 

Colville  River 

Telsoa 

Cd'tu-  (I'Alciie 

licwistoii 


Spiiiims  1). 
VII.' VIII. 

4  G 


•>  I 

li 
5 

4  ' 

I  i 


Son 

tD. 

Anal 

l'c< 

tdial. 

T.aund 

10 

17 

U 

12 

111 

ir. 

ir> 

line. 

6 

:i 

6 

;!i;i..;i4 

9 

....     1 

t) 

3iii(.;i;i 

1 

1   .... 

1        2 
1 

*) 

1 

'^ 

1 

1 

i 

5 

1! 

1       4 

:!      1" 

1 

1 

1 

t 

[I'jo'Jo';,  /JoO/rts,  rushing  of  the  torrent.) 

CtitliLs  ihotheiu,llns\  Smith  (Mrs.  Eioenmann),  I'roc.  I'.S.  Nat.  Miia.  18.S'.'.  347,  Spokane 

Falls,  Washington.     (Type,  Xo.  liOTC?  ) 
I'ranidea  rhothea,  Joiwxs  &.  (Iiluert,  Syuop^id,  953,  1883. 

2318.  COTTUS  SHASTA.  .I.inlan  \- Starks. 


Heads  to  3i;  depth  U.  D.  VIII  or  IX,  17  or  18;  A.  13  to  15;  eye  nearly 
")  ill  head;  maxillary  2!  ;  third  or  fourth  dorsal  spine  3'5 ;  highest  soft  ray 
ii  lont  2;  pectoral  IfV;  caudal  H.  iiody  not  much  comitressed;  caudal 
!>(  ijiincie  rather  wide,  about  equal  to  snout;  mouth  rather  large,  the  max- 
illary reaching  to  posterior  margin  of  pupil;  teeth  in  a  moderate  batid  on 
jnws  and  vomer,  in  an  exceedingly  narrow  band  on  front  of  palatines; 
iutcrorbital  space  not  much  over  -i  eye ;  upper  preopcrcular  spine  short, 


!W  Pj  1.  ^panuv  iifft>'.\  II  KipiiJuuiMitijw^iimiff w 


V>-\: 


r  f^ 


iVi 


1918  BiiUitut  ij.  United  States  National  Museum. 


8 


iiof  linirli  ?io<>l<('(1  up  iiiul  nof  vcryHUarp,  ii  stiallow  conciivi'  h));i('o  Ix'twti  w 
it,  ,iinl  tin- fl<{,'(/ud,  ,-^f'flr<'<'ly  11  notch;  tlu'  Nocoud  snuiU  jiikI  sliarp,  the  tliinl 
l)iit  Hliglitly  ilovolopcfl ;  prctorwl  rcjiching  to  bchtw  \\w,  fourtli  ray  of  son 
(lorsiil;  vi'iitr.ii  not  r<achia^  the  vtiit;  dorsalu  scarcely  Cdiincctcd,  tin 
Hoft  «li)i-8al  lii'ih,  Mir  lii^tM-«t  rays  f(|ual  to  <y<  iiail  suoiit;  vnit  Hliglill\ 
iicaii  I  tail  than  tijt  of  snout.  Skin  Hiiiootli,  except  a  few  scatlereil  jdickl.  s 
under  pectorals.  Color  very  »lark  lnowii  or  blackish ;  sides  inottle<l ;  top 
of  head  uniform  Maekish  :  all  the  tins  more  oi  less  mottled,  ventrals  wiiii. 
or  dusky.  The  followinj;  is  the  tin  fonnnla  ol  I  specimens:  Dorsal,  ].\,  17; 
\  I/I,  18;  IX.  17;  IX,  18.  Anul,  14;  1,5;  15;  \\\.  rpjxr  Sacramento  lia mi, 
about  Mount  Shasta.  Here  described  from  t  sjxciuiens  from  MeCluiil 
b'iver,  at  ird,  Shasta  (Jounry,  California,  abotit  I  uicheH  in  length,  'flu 
species  ih  ,  ry  close  to  Cultiis  siinifcnhcr,  but  it  has  a  ioii/^er  anal,  which  in 
turn  is  shorter  than  in  CoIIiih  (/ulomis.     (NanuMJ  for  .Mount  Kliasta.) 

Ciitliis  .siiii.stii.  .ioHDAN  \   STAliKs,  I'ror.  ('ill.  .Vc.Sci.  IHlKi, 'J'.'l.  McCloud  River,  at  Baird, 
California.     (Coll.  K.  C.  Stark.s.     'r.vpc,  No.  4100,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Miia.) 

281».  tOTTI'S  IMXTILATIS  ((illl). 

Head;},  dopllil'l.  1).  VII  m  \  111.  17  oi  18;  A.  11  or  12;  eye  (i  in  licid: 
maxillary  lij ;  third  dor.sal  s])ine  3;  hif-hest  ray  of  soft  dorsal  U^ ;  liiff|ii>l 
anal  ray  2i  ;  i)eetorall|;  ventral  I'/:  eainlal  l'^  Body  tajierinji;  inid  ;i 
slender  caudal  peduncle  Avliieli  is  not  mueji  wider  than  eye ;  teeth  in  w  idr 
bands  on  .jaws,  Atimers,  and  j>:ilatines;  interorbital  space  rather  wiili, 
about  e;juaj  to  eye;  maxillarj'  reaehiny  to  posterior  marjiin  of  eye ;  |i:i 
»>percular  spine  ratlu'r  sharp;  \ cut  slij,''litly  nearer  tail  than  tipof  snuui. 
Pectoral  reaching  to  below  base  of  fouitli  ray  of  soft  dorsal;  ventrals  not 
rcaehiug  vent ;  dorsals  scarcelj' eonneetetl,  the  soft  dorsal  extending  f;ii- 
ther  back  tiian  anal;  skin  In  these  specimens  entirely  smooth.  Color  uli- 
vaceoMs,  e\erywhere  punetulat(^  with  black  sjxits,  nuue  ciMis])icuoiis  mi 
lop  of  Ik  ad;  tij)  of  snout  and  lower  Jaw  dark,  dusky  ■with  djirk  pnini^ 
under  lo\\-er  Jaw ;  dorsals,  iteetor.als,  and  caud.al  with  wavy  streaks  ;iii(| 
series  of  spots;  anal  an<l  ventrals  white,  anal  sonieliines  dusky;  1  m  ,"i 
dark  blotches  on  back  indicating  cross  bars;  ;i  dark  bar  at  base  of  i  undid. 
Length  4  or  ,'i  inclu-s.  Hcitdw.iters  of  (Jreen  Kiver,  Wvoming.  Iliic 
des<iibed  fr(MU  many  s])ecimens  from  (Jreen  b'iver,  AVyondng,  collecled  li\ 
E\ermann  &.  Kutter.  This  species  will  prove  to  be  a  local  or  desert  \,iii 
ation  of  the  widely  distributed  CottuH  scmiscaher,  i'unw  which  it  dilii  i- 
(Uily  in  tlu^  slender  ciiudal  ]>edun(de  and  the  sjx'ckled  coloration.  'I'ln 
name  ixdictnlalus  has  2)ri(irity  over  8cmifii'a))ir,  if  the  foinis  are  to  b<'  iiiiili  li, 
but  in  this  case  it  would  hardly  be  worth  while  to  separalo  t'}tjjer  li  in 
Cotius  i(tahi>H. 

(iilb<'rt  A:  Evermann  refer  to  the  8])ecimeus  here  described  at — 
Numerous  sjuicimens  from  Crcen  River,  Wyoming.  Compai'ig  tlnsr 
with  typical  ncmlicdhcr  from  the  vicinity  of  Pocatello,  Idaho,  we  aii  aiipio- 
ciatc  no  ditl'ercnce  whatever,  except  iu  the  matter  of  armature.  Nom  nf 
our  (irocii  Iviver  specimens  shows  any  prickles  whatever.  About  hall  llii' 
I'ocatollo  specimens  are  also  naked  and  are  indistinguishable  from  typiriil 


Jordan  and  ICvcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1041) 


liiiniiiilatiiH;  ill  tlir  others  radrn  or  Iosh  pricklns  are  dovolopcd,  varyinjjj  from 
:i  I'fW  in  iixil  of  pcctoriilH  to  a  buiul  covoriii^  more  tliiiii  I  of  tlio  sides. 
As  tills  is  not  an  nnusiuil  unionut  of  variiition,  w»)  do  not  consider  ('otIiiH 
M,  mitiraher  woiti.y  of  r('co;;nition.  'i'lio  relations  of  I'ottiia  pmirtulalita  with 
t!i(!  eastern  spia-ies  liave  not  been  oarcfnlly  worked  out,  and  it  seeins  best 
t(i  recof^nize  it  for  the  i)reH»Mit  as  distinct.  Siiccinions  from  ({rcon  l»iv»>r, 
W  yoniinjf,  and  from  Mink  ("rock,  lioss  Fork,  and  Port  Nonf  h'ivcr,  I'oca- 
t<  llo,  Idaho.  The  collection  contains  also  2  s|>ccimens  from  Thoin|)son 
l.ills  and  '.\  from  Flathead  F^ake,  wliidi  hovui  to  be  this  species.  l>y  the 
I'.iit  Hall  Indians  this  lish  is  called  uliire,  a  word  meaning  horns. 

,  pitni'liilalua,  speckled.) 

f  tiimocolfun  vinictiilatiiK,  ( iH.i.,  Proc.  I?os,  Soc.  Nut.  Hist.  ISOl,  40,  Bridgers  Pass,  Wyo- 
ming (('(il  .  I  'iipl.  Sjiii|isiiti| ;  (iir.L,  I  I'll!  h.  (;a|it.  Siiii|)Hoii  E.\|il.,  4()'J,  IHTti.  with  pluto. 
(■■ttu»  intnc.luliitiis.  (Iii.iii'itr  \  i'lviaiAlANN,  liiill.  I'.  S.  Fisli  ('((iiiiii.  ISOi,  JO".'. 
I  lanidea  pnitctuiattt,  Juuuan  \  (JiLuiiur,  Syiioiisis,  OUT,  lH8;i. 


2820.   COTTIM  NKniS(  AltKU  (Coim). 
(RnnK'-  MoiNTAi.v  liii.i.rrioAD.) 

Head  ,1;  depth  li;  I).  VIII-17  or  18;  A.  12  or  I'i;  eye  F)  in  head;  maxil- 
liiiy  2| ;  third  dorsal  s|'iiic  I  in  head;  liijiliest  dorsal  rays  2*;  pectoral  Ij; 
\(iitral  nearly  2;  caudal  l-f.  Mody  not  niucli  compressed,  caudal  jtednnde 
w  ide,  <)(|ual  to  length  of  snout;  head  Itroad  and  rounded  anteriorly  as 
\  icwed  from  above;  mouth  larjje,  the  maxillary  reaching  about  to  |»oste- 
liui'  nuUHin  of  ey<!;  band  of  teeth  broad  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  the  palatines; 
iiiterorbllal  space  (bone  only)  narrow,  not  over  i  eye;  preop(ucular  spines 
riither  stout  ami  Idunt.  Pectorals  reaching  to  front  of  anal;  dorsals  not 
ciiiinected,  scarcely  meeting  in  .some  specimens;  ventrals  not  reaching  to 
\i  lit;  last  rays  of  soft  dorsal  reaching  almost  to  base  of  caudal,  iiiglicst 
dorsal  rays  etjiial  snout  and  A  e,\e;  vent  much  nearer  tail  than  tip  of 
snout.  Color  slaty  griiy  in  spirits,  with  niottlings  on  sides  wliich  form 
iiiidiispicuoiis  cross  bars;  jtectorals,  dorsals,  and  caudal,  with  wa\  y  cross 
linos;  ventrals  and  anal  white  or  Hii/(ietimes  dusky  and  mottled;  a  dark 
spot  on  spinous  dorsal  jtosteriorly,  tin  edged  witli  white.  K'ocky  Mountain 
ief;ion,  in  dear  streams  on  both  elojies.  Almndant  in  Colorado,  northern 
Now  IJexico,  Wyoming.  Montana,  Idaho,  I'tali,  eastein  W.ishijigton,  uui} 
Oregon.  I'oimd  in  the  ui)per  basins  of  the  Fiaser,  Columbia,  '.lissoiiii, 
Colorado,  I'latto,  Arkansas,  .ind  Lake  fJonneville,  its  eastern  and  northern 
limits  not  well  ascertained.  It  is  subject  to  very  great  variations  in  coi/»r, 
si/A',  and  roughness  of  skin.  Most  sjucimons  are  smooth,  or  rough  only  ir» 
the  axj^.  St)ine,  especially  from  fioiithern  Idaho  and  I'rov  o  River,  Ctah, 
iiic  (piite  rough,  some  of  them  as  rough  as  I'oitus  asper  or  Cottua  rhofheiia. 
Those  rough  specimens  dilfer  in  no  othor  respect  from  smooth  ones  from 
till  sanio  )oca)itie.".  The  s|»ecimens  here  especially  described  are  from 
Kagle  Jtiver  tlfi  Gypsum,  Colorado,  the  largest  li  inches  in  length. 

W(Migh  specimens  from  Provo  are  thna  <l<*scribed  by  J(ndan  &  (iiUii'xt 
f.^yiinpsiH,  mir.]:  Ife.id  IH,;  depth  4L  1).  VII,  18;  A.  14;  V.  1,4,  eye  4.<  in 
lioiid,     Form  of  CuHiin  uvinr,  but  slender.     ISkiu  of  top  of  head  and  entire 


i'f 


|>  n 


il'l 


1050  BiiUdin  //,  tJnitcd  States  National  Museum, 


IxMly,  except  lower  part  oC  ciindal  petliincle,  thickly  covered  witli  hIoikI  i 
IMipillic;  those  of  iiiiterior  and  ui)i»cr  piirta  of  body  each  tipped  witl;  w, 
Hpiiio,  miiny  of  tluMo  on  head  with  median  pores;  top  of  bead  with  a  me- 
dian lenKth'.vise  depression.  Head  narrowed  anteriorly,  the  n»axillaiy 
extending;  to  hcyond  pnpil ;  oi)er(!Uiur  and  jtrcopercular  spines  as  in  Collar 
aspti",  lateral  line  not  complete;  Hpiiions  dorsal  low  ;  soft  dorsal  andai,:| 
hijfh;  caiidal  long;  jtectorals  altont  reaching  anal;  ventrals  rather  Inoml, 
reaching  ahont  halfway  to  anal.  Olivaceous,  liarred  and  8]u>tted  iis  m 
otiier  species;  fins  mottled;  spinons  dorsal  )iale  at  base  and  tip,  witli  ,i 
median  broad  black  band;  2  dark  blotches  at  Itase  of  candal.  Jieii;;!li 
1  inches.  The  specimens  hero  described  from  Provo  Kiver  at  I'rovo,  win  i  c 
it  is  asso<!iated  witli  the  smootli  form  called  irlurliri,  which  ditfers  onlv 
in  its  smooth  skin.  Tn  specimens  from  the  Yellowstone  Park  tlie  IkiihI 
of  palatine  t«?eth  is  very  broad;  there  are  no  ])rick]eH  <m  the  skm. 
The  head  is  Si  in  length  and  the  rays  are  D.  VII,  17;  A.  Hi;  V.  I,  4.  ('(un- 
paring  these  (Gibbon  River,  Wyoming)  with  Hpecimcrs  of  Cottiis  ictiilaii.t, 
from  Mannnoth  Spring,  Arkansas,  the  differences  seem  well  marked.  I'nt- 
//(«  .srHi/«(a/«r  has  the  head  blnnter,  lower,  and  more  ronndcd,  the  clierks 
nioretnmid  and  tlie  top  of  the  head  without  median  longitudinal  dejuession. 
I'otluH  ictdhps  him  the  axil  jirickly,  the  outline  of  the  head  angular,  the 
top  of  the  head  with  a  median  longitudinal  de])ression  from  snout  to  n.ipc. 
and  tljc  body  has  broad  distinct  black  cross  bars.  These  'J  forms  scciii 
like  distinct  species,  but  other  specimens  are  intermediate ;  specimcn.s  li  oni 
Torch  Lake,  Michigan,  agree  with  nemiscalHr  in  color,  and  areintermcdiiitc 
in  form;  specimens  from  White  River,  Indiana,  are  colored  1  ike  »cfa?o;w,  imi 
are  intermediate  in  form.  Apparently  snuiacalxr  should  be  recognized  ms 
a  species,  but  its  range  and  distinctive  characters  are  yet  to  bo  made  (nit 
in  detail,     {scmiacahcr,  half  rough.) 

Cittupsiiiiioiiiiseahfr,*  Copk,  U.i.vdcii  Snivoy  of  Montan.a,  470, 1871  (1872),  Fort  Hall,  Idaho; 

.loKDAN  \  (ill.IlKRT,  PlOC.  U.  S.  Nllt.  Mu8.  1880,  450;  .JOKUAN,  Jiull.  U.  S.  Fisll  Coiiilii. 

ISH'.l,  5;i. 
I'lfniidi'ti  si'uiiscahra,  .TonnAN  \-  Gilbkut,  SynopsiR,  605,188;). 
T'l-itniili-a  vheeleri,  (Joi-E,  I'roc.  Amcr.  Phil.  Soc.  I'liila.  1874.  lUS,  Bear  River,  Utah.    ((nil. 

Liout.  G.  M.  Wheeler.) 
Vranidea  vlwrlen,  Von:  \-,  Yauuow,  Zool.Wliccler'.s  Kxpl.W.  lOOtli  iner.,  v,  000,  pi.  3'J,  li^'.'j, 

.'I,  :!a,  '.ill.  1876;  .Iohdan  ..t  Gn.ltKRT,  Syiiopsi.s,  007. 
Oottiin  bairtli  jnmctulatus,  JonuAN,  Bidl.  U.  S.  Fish  Conini.  1880, 20, 36, 53 ;  with  plate. 

2321.  COTTCS  IfTALOPS  (K.ifiRcsqiio). 

(Miller's  Tur.Mri;  Klob;  Muffi.e-.iaw;  Hullhead;  Spkinofish.) 

Head  3^;  depth  I  to  (!.     D.  VI  to  VIII,  1(5  nr  17;  A.  about  12;  V.  1.  t. 
Hody  slender  or  stout,  tapering  regularly  backward  to  the  tail;  vciiix 


*  (Joitopgis  semi  scalier  is  thus  <lcseril)0«l  by  I'roib.ssor  Uopo: 

"  Itadii.  I).  VII.  18;  .\.  Ki;  V.  I,  4;  lir.st  ray  of  an.al  below  third  of  second  dorsal,  '^kiii 
prickly  above  the  lateral  line,  smooth  below  if,  |)o.steriorly.  Body  compressed,  pi' :il<' 
risinic  rather  ateeplv  to  the  basis  of  lirst  dorsal  tin.  Eye  i.H  times  in  heiid.  .75  ti  j'  in 
iiiterorbital  sjiace.  "Mn/.zle  contracted,  maxillary  bone  reaching  to  belowuiiddleof  pniiil. 
Two8i)inesoii  preojuM-culmn  ;  1  on  interior  anf;'le  of  operculum.  Lateriil  line  di.sruntininil 
on  last  foiirtli  of  caiKlal  pedionde.  Head  J,  lenfjth,  without  caudal  tin.  iJelow  yclli'U; 
dorsal  line  with  ;i  series  of  dark  sputa;  sidea  with  largo  dark  clouds.  Tlil'tie  BpeLiiin.Ma 
from  Fort  Hall,  Idaho."    (Cope.) 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  .Imcrica.     1951 


Miiiifwliut  (h^pressml;  iiitrrocular  Hpiic**  witli  ii  K''<>"Vf;  prcopcrclc  wifli  \\. 
sliort,  Hliarp  spin*>,  littlr  lioukt-d,  dircctt'd  Imckwiinl  and  upward,  mostly 
lovd'CMl  by  tlir  skin;  Im-Iow  lliis  aro  2 smaller  coiicraltMLipiiics;  HiihoptMcli^ 
\,itii  a  8t<)utisli  apiiic,  diicctcd  forward.  Skin  smooth,  cxct'pt  tlic  r<'<;ioii 
i  iimcdiatcly  behind  tin'  pectorals,  wliicli  is  liesef  with  very  small,  sharp 
I'lickh's,  which  arc^  sometimes  (d)solet«';  lateral  liiu'  eonHpicuons,  eontinn- 
(,UH,  or  interrupted  behind;  first  dorsal  low  and  t'eelde;  ])eetoral  tins  larj^o, 
their  len^jth  m-ariy  eipial  to  that  of  tin-  head,  tln-ir  tips  usually  reaehin;^ 
1m  yond  the  ori<j;in  of  the  soft  dorsal;  ventral  fins  nmderate;  isthmus  very 
liioad,  the  ^ill  membranes  not  formin<;  a  ftdd  aeross  it.  <)livaeeous,  imire 
oi  less  barred  and  speekh^l  with  darker;  fins  mostly  barred  oi*  mottled, 
Lfii^'th  .'{ to7  inches.  Middh' an<l  Northern  States,  abtninding  in  all  clear, 
lucky  brooks  and  lakes  east  of  the  Dakotas  and  Kansas  to  New  Vork  and 
\  i  rgin ia,  extendi ng  sou thwardalonju:  the  Allcff ban ies  to  North  Carolina  and 
IKH  thern  Alabama,  especially  abundant  in  limestone  sprinj^s  itnd  enterinj? 
( ,1  ves.  Extremely  variable ;  very  destructive  to  egfJi'S  of  trout.  ( Ictolunis, 
the  catfish;  r.?^  ey*-;  "tin;  uame  nu'ans  cat's  eye;  eyes  like  those  of  tho 
I  atfishes  with  oblong  eyes."     Kafine8((Ue.) 

Note.— As  here  niulorstood,  Cottux  ietalnpg  is  a  -widospro.afl  and  nbnndnnt  apories,  vnrv- 
ill;;-  ill  ditfortMil,  rt';;it)ii8,  us  is  tlio  caso  with  most  noniniuriitory  siiccics.  In  Uiis,  iim  in 
otiK'i'H  of  .similar  riiiijie,  tlic  iiiluiliitantH  of  each  stream  may  hIiow  local  peculiarities.  A 
iiiiiiibor  of  tliesc  forms  liavo  rcctuved  from  Ur.  Girard  apccilic  namcN,  whicii  arc  acc(mi- 
pMiiicd  by  detailed  de8cii]>tioii.s.  Larjie  c(dlectioim  of  these  tislies  show  that  inimuroiis 
similar  "siHscies"  Htill  exist  uiide.scrilied,  as  it  is  a  rare  tliiii;;  to  find  a  specimen  which 
exactly  atii'cea  ii>  all  respects  with  any  of  the  Hitecies  in  Dr.  i^iirard's  "  Moiio;'ra|)li  of  tho 
I'rcsh-Water  Cottoids."  In  thin  work  tho  ligures  and  loujj  descnptioua  ^ivo  characters 
III  iiidividualH,  not  of  species. 

rnjedictix  ictatopt,"  Kaftnesque,  Ichth.  Oliicnsia,  85, 1820,  spring  near  Lexington,  Ken- 
tucky. 

Ciittug  richanlsnnifi  Aoassiz,  Lake  Snporior,  300,  1850,  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior 
(Ctdl.  Louis  Agassi/,  and  Dr.  C.  T.  Jackson);  GlUARD,  Monogr.aiih  Fresh-Water 
Cottoids  N.  A.,  39;  (JCnthkr,  Cat.,  It,  158;  not  Trachi dermis  richaidsoni,  Hkckki,. 

('(iituK  bairdii,',  GniAUD,  I'roc.  Amer.  Assoc.  Adv.Sci.,n,  1850,  410,  aud  Monograph  Cottoids, 
44,  with  plate.  Mahoning  River,  Poland,  Ohio.    (Coll.  S.  F.  Haird.) 

(latins  mendionnlis,^  (iiii.\ui),Vfov.  Amd-.  Assoc.  Adv.  .Sol.,  ii,  1850,  410,  aud  GuiAKl), 
Monograph  Cottoids,  47,  James  River,  Virginia.    (Coll.  S.  h'.  Itaird.) 


'  In  spite  of  the  errors  in  description,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  lialiucsque's  "cat's 
pyc  Si)ringlish."  Vi'tiedictis  ietalops,  is  the  present  species;  the  ilor'sal  rays  are  counted 
Mionnly.  and  tho  scales  are  said  to  he  small.  Nevertheless,  "in  tlie  distorted  pei'sjiecti  o 
111'  liis  mental  vision"  Uatine.sque  could  have  had  nothing  else.  In  other  words,  liis 
ilrscription  was  drawn  uj)  hastily  and  in  jiart  from  nuMuory. 

I  The  form  called  Vntttn  richard-soni,  Agassiz,  is  rather'slenucr.  with  the  vent  rather 
niurc,  ])osteri(U' than  usual,  placed  midway  between  the  snout  and  the  tip  of  the  ciuilal; 
ill  tlie  others  it  is  nearly  midway  between  the  snout  and  the  middle  of  tho  caudal.  Lake 
SM|ie,rior.  A  siiecaiuen  taktsn  by  Dr.  .lordan  iu  Lake  Superior  at  Marqi;: 'te.  Micliigaii, 
aiiiies  with  Citttiis  ic<rt/i)/>.9  from  southern  Missouri.  It  is  a  little  more  sii'iider,  the  color 
a  little  darker  and  loss  <letinite,  the  cross  bai's  fainter,  the  dark  ]iunctulatii)us  nioie 
roiisiiiiMious.  Tho  vent  has  the  usual  position,  although  Dr.  Girard  figures  tlie  vent  in 
liK  Lake  Superior  s]ie(^imens,  types  of  Cottus  richard»oni,  as  farther  back  tlinii  in  ^'nttiit 
ictitli)i),<i.  In  his  figure  of  ('ottun  i%chardsoni  tho  vent  is  a  shade  nearer  ba^eof  caudal 
tli:ni  posterioriuargin  of  eye.  In  all  specimens  w<(  have  seen  it  is  nearly  midway  botwtM'n 
lujHtnl  iind  cauilal.    D.  Vlll,  18;  A.  12,  in  the  specimen  from  Mari|uett<!. 

'  I'lio  form  called  Oc^Hd  ^^auv/i',  Girard,  is  small  and  slender,  with  tin  spinous  dorsal 
vi'iy  low,  and  the  palatine  teeth  less  developed  than  iii  the  other  fori  Cayuga  Lake, 

Ni\v  Vork,  to  Ohio. 

^  (h,ttn,i  meridionalis,  (Hrard.  is  rather  robust,  'vith  the  d«  .sal  tins  srarcely  connected, 
ami  Die  Tuouth  larger,  the  maxillary  extending  to  opposite  posterior  liorder  of  eye;  tho 
pivopercular  spine  is  sharp  and  directed  well  upward.  I'eunsylvuuia  to  North  Carolina, 
aliiiig  tlio  Allughauics;  abundant. 


F 


1962  D  idle  tin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


|{i' 


'1 

i'k  ■  1 

m  :  -i 

:l  •) 


is 


•'fi 


& 


Cottii.1  wiltoni,*  UiKAUti,  Monognipli  C'ottolda,  42,  ISSl.Plt'-sburg,  Pennsylvania.    (Cdi. 

Jiicol)  (Ircnn.) 
CotUm   alvordii,\  Gikard,   ^loiiogrii])!!    Cuttoidx,  46,  1851,   '^ort  Qratiot,  Lake  Hur.  .1. 

((Joll.  Migor  IJeii.j.  Alvord.) 
rotamoeoUtu  zoi>lienni, ;  JoiiDAN,  Ann.  Lyr.  Nat.  lH«t.  N.  Y.  1870, 320,  Etowah   River  and 
tributaries,  Rome,  Georgia.    (Coll.  'lurdan  &  GIllHirt.) 
Uraniilea  lichariltoni.  Jokdan  \-  (Jilukht,  Sviiopsm.  filifl.  ISRI. 
Uramden  richardsoni,  .Tohdan  &  Giluekt,  S,vno|iHit*,  090,  1883;  Imt  tlit«  imiiie  riehards.  „{ 

Ih  ]ir<toccupied  iu  OuUiih. 
(Mtu.1  hairdii,  .Toiir)AN,  Hull.  V.  S.  Finli  Conim.  1889,  20. 
PiitainiieoUHs  carolliuc,^  (J11.L,  Pnic.  U0.1t.  Soc.  Nat.  II int.  1801,40,  Carolina;  (1II.L,  in  Siinp. 

sou  Kept,  luLtli.U  tub,  4UU,  1877. 

Subgenus  TAURIDEA,  .lordiiii  \-  Rice. 

2322.  rOTTI'S  KKKI,  Nelson. 

Head  33 ;  depth  51.  First  dor.snl  VIII,  second  doranl  and  anal  do.«itroy(  d ; 
V,  I,  4;  P.  15.  Eye4i,  IJ  in  iiitciorltital  space  and «quallin<i;8nont.  I'.ody 
short  and  stout,  aWruptly  contracted  opposite  hase  of  anal.  Head  niiicli 
de])rcs8ed,  very  Inoad  and  Hat,  bioadcM-  than  body,  broudth  {greater  tliin 
lcnf;:th;  depth  1  leujjth.  Palatine^  teeth  present.  Tail  very  small,  suh- 
terete.  Outline  tadpole-like.  .laws  abont  equal;  month  rather  narrow; 
jaws  contracted  and  somewhat  produced.  Eyes  on  npi)er  surfaic  in  ,ir 
tofjether.  Preopercular  spine  extremly  larjue,  3  times  as  larfjjc  as  in  .my 
other  lre.sh-watcr  Cottoid  known,  as  long  as  eye.  hooked  backward  imd 
upward,  giving  a  butl'alo-like  a]»pearani'c.  Tliree  si)ineB  hooked  down- 
ward below  the  larger  spine;  the  lower  concealed;  a  strong  spine  hooUid 
forward  at  bjise  ofoporcles.  Hranchiostegals  (5.  Isthmus  as  widens  from 
snout  to  middle  of  orbit.  IJaae  of  jiectorals  creacentic,  their  tips  just  slim  t 
of  anal;  rays  all  simple;  vcntrals  reaching  jj  distance  to  vent.  Pidlilc 
rising  rajtidly  to  dorsal,  whi(;h  runs  along  a  sort  of  c.irina.  Dorsal  bcu'in- 
ning  a  trille  behind  vcntrals,  just  behind  head,  abont  xnidway  betwcin 
snout  and  anal.  Wont  midway  Ixstwei-n  snout  and  ])ase  ofcandal.  Deptii 
at  first  ray  of  anal  less  than  A  length  of  head,  thickening  at  same  jxiint 
over  ^.  Head  smooth.  Space  .ibove  lateral  line  behind  heild  covered 
with  small  stiff  prickles  hooked  batikward,  readily  visible  as  small  bl.ick 
specks  when  skin  is  dry.  Color  pale  brown,  irregularly  spotted  ;uid  mot- 
tled with  darker  brown  somewhat  as  in  Loia ;  pectorals  mottled;  belly 
white ;  spines  spirally  curved,  forming  k  a  spiral.  The  most  peculiar  cliir- 
acters  are  the  strong  spines  of  the  prcopcrcle  and  the  smaller  ones  below, 

*  Cottiis  irilmmi,  (^lir.ard,  i.s  ratlioi'  .-tlnntri',  witli  .stron^;<'i'  ]):ilafiiic  toi'tli,  and  M'itli  Nomn 
of  till'  up|)ernioHt  of  tlio  jwctoral  rays  lufurcTte,  tlu'se  lioiiig  entiru  in  the  otii'  rs. 
Ohio  Viillcy,  I'l'nnsyhania,  and  Indiana. 

t  (jiittiig  alvnrdi.  (iinird,  is  Hliort  and  chiihhy,  with  the  Urst  dorsal  rather  hijrli.  :iiiil 
Joined  liy  menibrauf  to  second  more  than  in  the  othor  forms.  Common  in  Wisconsin  mil 
JMichifian. 

;  Cottti.1  zopheriia.  .Jordan,  is  slender  and  very  dark  in  color,  and  more  ronspiiiiohsly 
variejiated;  the  first  dorsal  liij^li;  the  palatine  teotli  will  di'veloi)ed ;  jirohubly  wiiriliy 
of  varietal  i'iM'iii;nition.     Alaiiama  Masin. 

^  Odttiis  randhid-,  (iill,  is  a  V(!ry  liir:;i'  form,  railier  rolmsl,  rearhing  a  length  of  inarly 
0  ini'hes.  witli'Mit  axillary  ])riekri's.  and  witli  the  palatine  tec^lli  well  ilevelopoil.  I'lic 
lateral  line,  as  in  tin-  otlier  forms,  is  sometinies  <'iintinnim^  and  ,><ometimes  iiiterru|ii<  il. 
It  ahonndt)  ill  the  liiuustuuu  rc^iuu  from  Indiana  to  Tennessee,  and  is  I'requeutly  1"  '<i<l 
in  caves. 


e  rithardx'iii 


Jordan  and  pA'cr maun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1053 


Iio  carin!it«Ml  liafk  niul  ;iljrnptl,v  coiitniotod  luuly,  forming  tho  anltturuto 
I  iiiuliil  pfdmu'lc.  Tlu*  ])rirI\loM  of  tlm  hUjh  an*  roiiiHor  than  in  any  otlicr 
:|M^('io8.  (Nelson.)  Lcnjjjtli  of  type  '1%  inches.  (Jrciit  Lalvos,  tho  2  typo 
^pcciMirns  from  Ijikr  Michigan,  n*-ar  Kvanaton,  IllinoiH,  in  ratlier  di'cp 
wiittT;  romains  of  othorn  occnr  amon^  (iirard's  typoH  of  7Vm/ ?()/>«»»  tliomp- 
sDui  from  I.aUo  Ontario.  Tlio  gronp  Tttiiridcn,  of  which  this  species  is 
tvpe,  may  be  wortliy  of  generii'  rank.  (Named  for  its  diseoverer,  Mr.  V.  L. 
i;ice,  tlien  a  stndent  in  zoolofjy  ia  Nortli western  University  at  Kvanston.) 

I  .,lliii  lied.  NKI.SON,  Mull.  Ills.  Mim.  Xut.  Hit*!.,  Vol.  I,  No.  1,  40,  187fi.  Lake  Michigan,  at 

Evanston  ((.'oil.  K.  L.  Kin). 
I  iiuiidin  «/)l'^(^/,  .loilDAN  \-  (ill.IIEU'r,  .SynopHis,  OiU;   not  ofl'ol'K. 
I  lunidfa  riiU'i,  .Joruan  \,  (iiLUBKT,  Synopsiti,  U5:i. 


Subgenus  COTTUS. 
2833.  <;OTTi:,S  ONYtiirs.  Kiireiiiiiunii  &.  KiKt-iiiiianii. 

Head  H'f ;  depth  r>L  1).  VIII.  17;  A.  13;  V.  I,  4;  P.  13;  eye  1,V  in  snont, 
1  in  interorbitai,  5  in  head.  Teeth  ou  vomer,  none  on  ]tiihitine8.  Width 
ol'  head  ocinalinj;  its  len};'tli  to  end  of  j>reopercuhir  s])ine.  its  de]>th  2  in 
liiifith.  Preojterele  witli  an  nptnrned  elaw-like  spine,  below  which  are  2 
dlliora,  mnch  smaller,  the  anterior  one  havinjjf  its  point  tiir?ied  downward 
:ni(l  forward.  Ma.Killary  not  reachinj;  orbit;  lateral  linocomjtlete.  Sides 
iiltove  latoriil  lino,  with  stiff  prickles  from  below  lirst  spine  to  below  last 
dorsal  ray;  ])riekleM  below  lateral  line  coulined  to  tho  abdominal  ])art  of 
t  lie  sides.  Dorsjil  connecte<l  by  a  low  membrane,  the  rays  mnch  h  i  <;her  than 
tho  spines,  3,1  in  head.  Pcct(»ral  reachinjj  past  vent,  its  rays  not  branched. 
A  dnsky  spot  on  breast  jnst  behind  anterior  end  of  gill  slits;  ventral  snr- 
liue  inclnding  the  ventrals  otherwise  plain;  anal  with  a  few  dnsky  specks 
on  its  rays;  other  tins  barred;  sides  and  npper  snrfaces  olive  with  darker 
spots;  3  dark  bands  below  soft  dorsal;  a  dark  band  Just  in  front  of 
caudal.  Lengtii  about  3.V  inches.  Saskatchawan  Itasin.  This  species  is 
evidently  closely  related  to  Coitus  poUicantt,  from  which  it  ditfers  chietly 
in  having  many  ]»rickles.  (Eigenmann.)  Not  seen  by  ns  and  p«>rha]»8  not 
(iitl'erent  from  Cotliis  pollicdiis.     (c/'u^og,  clawed.) 

(nttii.i  onj/chus,  KioENMANN  &  Ei(!ENMANN,  Am.  Nat.,  Nov..  1892,  Ofi.1,  Bow  River,  at  Cal- 
gary, a  tributary  of  the  South  Saskatchawan,  Alberta  Territory.  (Coll.  C.  II. 
Kigciiinaiin.) 

•2!12I.  COTTIS  IMtLLK'.VUIS  (.lordan  \  Gilbert). 

iload  3'!  in  length  to  base  of  caudal;  depth  4|;  eye  5}^  in  bead.  D. 
\  II,  19;  A.  13;  V.  I,  I;  P.  17.  Lateral  line  complete.  IJody  robust;  nape 
piouiinent,  the  prolile  of  head  steeply  declined,  thence  to  tip  of  snout  in  a 
straight  <)r  slightly  concave  line;  head  mnch  depressed,  broad  and  flat 
above,  evenly  narrowed  forward  to  the  broad,  much  depressed,  bluntly 
rtuuided  snont;  eyes  small,  with  ("xtensive  vertical  range,  their  diameter 
less  than  snont  or  the  Hat  interorbitai  width;  month  rather  small, 
anterior,  with  but  little  lateral  cleft,  maxillary  reaching  vertical  from  front 
of  'ubit;  teeth  villiioriu  on  jaws  and  vomer,  none  ou  palatiues;  preoper- 


f,S.:- 


iiSt- 


I' 


4>. 


fi 


;l 


I  i 


H  f 


'iu 


l :  i 


Ft-  << 


l-'i 


19.>4 


Ihilh'tin  fy,  Uuilcd  States  National  Museum. 


ciilui'Hpiiio  liir^o  anil  Htroii;;,  spiiully  ciirvi'd  upward  aiid  inward,  wholly 
iiivoHtud  witit  iiioiiiltmno;  a  isiii^lo  uharp  luncoalod  Hpiiioim  ]H>int  below 
angle  of  prc()p(trol<-;  iHtlinniH  liroad,  without  fold,  its  widtli  otiualiii);  dis 
taiior  front  Hiioiit  to  middle  of  |Mipil.  >Si)inons  dorHul  rather  low,  nnarl,\ 
uniform  in  lioi;;lit,  connected  with  Hecond  dorsal  by  a  low  nienihrauc; 
longest  Hpiue  *'(|ualing  length  of  Nnout;  Hoft  diUHal  long,  ita  longoHt  ray 
'2\  in  head;  origin  of  anal  lin  under  third  dorsal  ray,  its  last  ray  undei 
Hixteenth  of  dorsal ;  highest  anal  ray  2.1  in  head;  viiitrals  I,  I,  reachiiiu 
I  distance  to  vent;  pectoral  rays  all  simple,  iiiihranehed,  the  longest 
reaehing  vertical  from  vent,  and  contained  U  times  in  head.  Vonte<|iii 
distant  between  tip  of  snout  and  l)ase  r»f  caudal  fin.  Skin  overywhcic 
smooth.  Color  olivaceiuis  above,  little  punetulated,  lower  I  of  sides  ami 
whole  under  side  of  head  and  body  uniform  whitish  abov«>,  head  ami 
body  with  irregular  spots  and  blotches  of  black;  these  in  (iner  pattern 
(ui  head,  and  not  forming  bauds  on  back;  dorsals,  caudal,  and  ])ectoriil-^ 
with  black  s])ot8  arranged  in  nu>re  or  less  <listinct  series;  anal,  ventral>. 
and  li>wer  rays  of  pectorals  translucent,  unuuirked.  Lake  Michigan;  ii 
single  specimen  lA  inches  in  length  taken  olV  Kacino,  Wisconsin,  Ly  l)r. 
Philo  R.  Hoy.    (pollcx,  the  thumb,  suggested  bj'  the  mime.  Miller's  Thumb. ) 

Uranidea  pollicari*,  Jordan  a  Gn.nEicr,  Vrov.  U.  S.  Nnt.MiiH.  188L',  '.'22,  Lake  Michigan, 
off  Racine,  Wisconsin  (Tyi>i«,  No.   2900:j.    Coll.  1'.   U.  Hoy);  JOUDAN  &.  (inaJEltl 
Syuopsis,  954,  1H83. 

232-..  <'()TTUS  <0«\ATrS,  Kiclmnlson. 

(BKAR    LAKK    lU'LLlIEAD.) 

This  spocios  is  thus  described  l>y  Hichardsnu:  The  Coitus  which  forms 
the  subjects  of  this  article  was  taken  in  considerable  numbers  in  the  cle.n 
waters  of  Gr«'at  Hear  Lake  during  the  uuuith  of  May,  at  which  period  il 
resorts  to  the  stony  shallows  to  spawn.  Specimens  which  we  sent  t" 
Barcni  C'nvicr  were  returned  with  the  remark  that  they  belonged  to  ;i 
species  of  ('o//tts  ami  were  "  tres  semlilaliics  aux.  f'.(/o/</'(>,"  and  they,  indeed, 
coirespoml  in  most  paiticulars  with  the  extended  dt'scriptiou  of  the  latti  i 
in  the  Histoin-  des  Poissoiis.  I  h.ive  since  compared  these  specimen^ 
minutely  with  an  Knglish  gohio,  kindly  lent  to  me  by  Mr.  Yarrell,  and  tin 
principal  diU'creiice  that  1  have  been  Jible  to  detect  in  the  American  fisli 
is  tin-  greater  height  of  its  dorsal  and  amil  hns.  Tlu-re  is  also  a  dis 
crepancy  in  the  number  of  rays,  l>ut  this  can  scarcely  be  acccmnted  a 
specific  distinction,  sin<'e  diflerent  individuals  of  gohio  show  equall\ 
extensive  variations.  The  Hear  Lake  specimens  having  been  long  in 
spirits  have  lo.st  nnich  of  their  <'oIor,  but  the  following  particulars  may 
still  1h^  m>ted:  In  Collux  t/ohio  the  rays  of  the  pectorals  are  variegated  witli 
rings  alternately  dark  and  light;  in  oogiKdiia  the  color  is  ahnost  nniJonn. 
but  varit\s  in  intensity  in  difierent  individuals.  In  1  small  IV'malo  spe(  i- 
men  of  th(^  latter,  however,  there  is  a  slight  indication  of  these  rings,  and 
its  body  likewise  is  n\arbled  in  a  mor(^  lively  nninner  than  the  rest,  haviiii; 
a  greater  resemblan<e  to  gohio.  The  males  are  darker  than  the  females  in 
the  American  as  well  as  the  European  species.  Th(>  specimen  which  w. 
have  described  in  detail  was  the  largest  we  olitained,  and  was  selected  Ici 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      H^HS 


:e  Michigan. 

Hi.    (iIIJlEUT, 


il('8rrii»tioii  Croiii  Uh  licinn  •"xaitly  in  tbr  hhihc  Icnj'th  witli  tlic  </"'*»"  with 
\vlii(;h  it  \vu8  roiiipiirrtl.     Onat  Kciir  liiikc,     litti^tli  4  iiichis.     (Uirlmnl- 

(III.)     Not  Hci'ii  l»y  rt'rt'iit  iiiitiiniiiMtH,  prolmldy  iiUicd  to  <'oHiin  poUimriH. 

lOt/iiafiiH,  n-liitt'd,  to  f'ottiia  ijohio.) 

.\itt\iH  cofinahit,  IJhiiaudson,  Fniiim  Itor.Aiiirr.,  iii,  4ii,  lH;ttI,  (ireat  Bear  Lake  (Coll.  .1. 
Kirliiiril.Moii);  (ilUAKI).  Moll.  Col  .,41  ;  til. NTH  Kit.  Cut.,  II,  157. 

ninidea  cimnata,  iIordan  iV  I  ■ii.iiKur,  Syno]miH,  1)53.  lH8:i. 

i!!l2«.  rOTTIS  I'Kltl'I.K.M'S,  Cilliort  \    Evorinaim. 

Unul  .S!  ;  (Irpth  4,1,  D.  VII.  21;  A.  lo;  I».  lO;  V.  1.  I;  .yr  I;  Hiioiit  4; 
iiiti'iorliitiil  width  5.).  I.fiist  tliplii  of  ciiinLiI  priliiiiili'  <,n'(>iitrr  tliaii 
-■iioiit,  Hji  ill  hfiid;  iiiti-iorltitjil  m|iii(c  liitiHT  l»roiid,  about  1.}  in  i-yo. 
r.iKJy  dfcpi'i' ami  more  loniprrsscd  than  in  any  otlu-r  Hpi-i-ics  known  to  iih, 
tlii.s  licinji  esjK'cially  iioti<'<'al>ii*  l»ostrrioily ;  rundiil  iifdniiclc  very  Hliort 
ini'l  dci'p,  and  cntirfly  ov<'rlappfd  by  posterior  dorsal  rays  which  i-xtrnd 
licyond  hast'  ot'  caudal  iiii.  Lcn^rth  of  candal  ])cdiinclc  iVoin  hasi^  of'  last 
dorsal  ray  about  J  depth  of  same;  depth  of  body  at  oii;;iii  of  anal  liu  ^ 
lriio;th  of  head.  Interorbital  space  slio;ht!y  concave;  occiput  Hat  or 
tiansverseiy  convex.  Mouth  obli(|iie,  the  maxillary  reacbiu';  vertical 
tiitm  posterior  mar^fin  of  pupil,  2.}  iii  head.  Teeth  in  a  very  narrow 
cre8C((utie  band  on  vomer,  noiui  on  palatines.  Upper  preopereubvr  spine 
short  and  broad,  curved  or  siinpl\  directed  upward;  below  this  are  2 
-tout,  blunt  spines  directed  downward.  Mody  entirely  naked,  lateral  line 
iiiconiplete,  not  rearhinj;  <^'><l  of  solt  dorsal.  Spinous  dor.sal  low,  the 
li>iin('st  spines  not  "greater  than  len^xth  of  snoiit;  .soft  fin.s  all  hiyh,  the 
lilteenth  dorsal  ray  e(|ualinR  snout  and  cy<';  a  broad  niembrane  always 
( ciiinectinjf  the  2  «lorHals.  the  notch  inconspicuous;  last  rays  of  anal,  as 
uill  as  dorsal,  extendiu"'  licyond  base  of  candal;  lirst  anal  ray  under 
third  ray  of  soft  dorsal;  ventral  spine  and  rays  slender  and  weak.  Anus 
midway  bi'tween  base  of  caudal  tin  and  front  of  eye.  Color  in  alcohol, 
hack  and  sides  with  vermitnlatione  of  li^ht  and  dark,  the  back  with  "•  or 
(;  ill-detined  black  cross  bars,  which  usually  reaih  the  lateral  line;  the 
usual  bhick  bar  at  base  of  candal,  «!maro;inate  posteriorly ;  below  the  lateral 
line  a  number  (»f  small,  (|uadrate  dark  blotches,  arraii<i;ed  in  2  irregular 
siries;  lower  part  unmarki'd,  except  with  line  dark  pniictulatnms;  dor- 
s:il,  pectitral,  and  candal  tins  cross-barred  with  dark;  anal  and  ventrals 
with  numerous  small  dark  specks.  Lenj'tli  aliout  3;!  inches.  Shooknm- 
rjiiick  and  Nowankuni  rivers,  near  Chehalis,  in  western  Washinjrtou. 
(tJilbert  ».t  Evormann.)     (pcrphxiia,  perplexed.) 

<nltvx  perplcxus,  CtILHEUT  \  Kvkumaxn,  liull.  I',  S.  Kisli  Comni.  1S91,  202,  pi.  20.  (Type, 
No.  4.''.:iH7,  r.  S.  Xiit.  Mum.;  CotypcH,  Nos.  rj2»  to  1;u:i.  I,.  .S.Jr.  lliiiv.  .Mils.);  Shookum- 
chuck  River,  near  Chehalis,  Washington  (No.  4.');t88,  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.),  uud  Newau- 
kum  River,  near  Chehalis.     ((.'oil.  (liUx^rt  \'.  Jcnkilis.) 


2827.  COTTt'S  KL.VM.VTIIK\SIS,  (iilbcrt. 

Head  2,^0+0  3 1\,  in  h'ti^th;  depthS  ,'-'„  to  4-1.  D.  VII,  19;  A. 14;  P.l.*?;  V. 
I.  I.  ibidy  heavy  and  deep,  the  held  narrowed  and  wedoc-sliuped  .inleri- 
III  ly,  t  hi*  snout  rather  acute  and  the  nututh  with  much  lateral  cleft.     Mux- 


m--  "-'"^ 


WW 


W 


ii 


ri 


!        I 


lOr»(;  riullelin  ./7,  United  States  Natioual  Museum. 


illiity  lirutidly  *'\|Misrtl,  itH  tip  ri'itcliiii^  vortical  from  lM*liiiiiI  front  of  pupil, 
its  li'ii^tli  1.':  or  2)^  ill  Ik'ikI.  Itrniiil  IuiihIn  \\^  tcrlli  on  jiiws  and  vdiiui  ; 
piilatini-H  tnotli]i-HH.  AntiTior  iioHtril  with  ii  diMtinct  tiiho.  Kyi^  i,r 
iiiudcratf  Hi/<i,  \\  in  Hiiuiit,  l'|  to  5  in  head.  Intcrorldtal  spacr  uij<l 
<ii''-i|)iit  ;;)'ntly  coiicavr  in  adults,  tlic  total  iiitrrorliilal  width  Ij^  to  I 
in  orldt,  tlit«  hoiiy  Hrptnm  inirrowi-r.  Upper  pn'oprrmiar  Hpin<>  rolmst, 
Htrai^rjit,  diri'ctrd  liackward,  or  liackward  and  Nli^litiy  npward;  litlnw 
this  tin-  niar<rin  of  tiir  liono  iswitlioiil  i-vidi-nt  Hpiin-H,  Init  Imiiis  I  ni  j 
Hli^lil  itroniinoni't'H  wliirli  nniy  lie  loniidcd  or  arntr;  anterior  an^lini' 
the  Niilioperrltt  witli  a  sliort  Hpino  diriM'tcd  forward;  operrU*  cndin;;  in 
a  Nliort  flat  H))iiM>.  Mead  witli  lar^^r  pores,  2  ])airs  aliove  from  of  mini, 
those  of  the  poHterior  pair  nearest  to^jether;  distant  from  tiiese,  asiiiHlr 
median  pore  on  the  ]iosterior  portitiii  of  liiterorhital  spacM-,  from  wlmli 
div4>r^e  2  lines  of  jtoreH  aronnd  the  haik  of  the  orhits;  spinons  dor^.ii 
short  and  low,  the  lon;^est  spine  nsnally  leHM  than  \  the  longest  Boft  riiy; 
the  2  fins  very  Inoadly  .j<iined ;  distanee  from  l»ase  of  last  dorsal  ray  to 
liase  of  caudal  Hli^htly  less  than  depth  of  eaiidal  pednnele;  eaiidal  Hliort 
and  broadly  rounded,  its  len<;'th  \'\  in  liead;  ]M'etorals  very  short,  iiHii.illy 
not  rea(diin^  vertieal  from  front  of  anal,  \i  in  heail;  ventrals  lar^e,  sui 
tiiiieH  reaching;  vent  hut  nsnally  shorter,  \\  in  head;  <'an<lal  with  !)  (soi 
tiiiU's  X  or  10)  forked  rayn;  rays  of  other  liiiH  aimide,  iinhraiiched.  I'ln 
variation  in  tiiirayn  is  Hhown  in  th<^  following  talde: 


lie. 

IIC- 


Xumbor 

of  H|)(>ci- 

intiiiM. 


VII 


Uppor  Kliniiiitli  Lako 

Kliimatli  Ri viT  lirlow  lake.  | 

Lost  Kiv»ir 

S«!ot  t  Kivtir 


21 
4 

7 
1 


10 
3 

7 
1 


VIII 

2 

1 


10 

20 

13 

14 

18 

2 

■  ■  ■  ■ 

16 

4 

.... 

1 

3 

3 

.... 

2 

4 

1 

1 

Perioral. 


14 


•'    I 


3        l,> 


51 


if 


It    ; 

|1      ! 


ii  i 


Skin  mostly  nuked,  the  younjj  with  a  narrowly  oldono;  patch  of  prickles 
helow  the  lateral  lino  and  under  the  posterior  half  of  pectorals,  tiiesc  lic- 
cominjj  ffiadnaliy  absorlxMl  with  ajje,  adults  heinj;  nearly  or  (piite  n.ikrd, 
Latfial  line  very  incomplet; ,  tin*  last  ])ore  under  some  portion  of  the 
anti^rior  half  of  soft  dorsal  in  all  our  specimens  from  tln^  lake.  From  ilic 
last  por(%  a  sliallow  open  <;ro;>ve  (>/  tracer  follows  tin*  conrs(>  of  Ww  oliso- 
let<'  portion  of  the  canal.  In  4  specimens  from  Klamath  liiver  lielow  tlic 
falls,  and  in  1  collected  l»y  Mr.  1{.  (J.  Mctirej^or  in  Scott  Kiver,  .Siskiynii 
County,  California  (a  tributary  of  Klamath  River),  the  lateral  lim  is 
much  more  nearly  complete,  emlinj;  under  the  last  fifth  of  soft  <loi-.il. 
Color  lirownish  olive,  with  1  or  5  indistinct  <lark  liars  downward  fniii 
hack,  lireakiiiff  up  lielow  into  narrow  bars  which  may  unit*'  to  ti>iiii 
V-shajietl  markiof^s,  or  (ilten  into  mere  irrejrnlar  blotches;  a  narrow  imi' 
at  base  <if  tail;  caudal  with  broad  dark  bars  alternatin<;  with  much  ni!- 
rower  lijjht  ones;  dorsal  and  unal  with  sumewbut  narrower  obU<iue  Imis; 


I*  -1; 


Jordan  and  Evcruiann. — Fishes  of  North  .hficrmi,      1057 

IM'ctoruls  vrl  V  riillspirlliillMly  l'll<'<'K('l'i'll,  tlir   llillk    illlil    li^llt    Hptits   (ill  tlli> 

iiivM  uri.iii>i«Ml  in  vcrticiil  snifM,  A  1arm<,  wlroiijfly  iniirKttl  >|H'fi«'H,  vi-ry 
il)iiiMliiiit  ill  r|i)M'i'  Kl:iiii:itli  hiiki'.  It  is  rliiiiiDtri  i/cil  liy  Dn  .sliitrt  H|>i- 
iitiiH  <liirstil,  liriiiiillyjtiiiii'il  to  t  lie  Imi^  soil  ilnrsul,  tin-  iiiiiiriiiu  liril  pi  rloriil 
i;iys,  tlir  very  iiiroinplctc  Inli  rul  line,  llic  wi;iK  ilrvi'lopinriit  oC  prirKlcH, 
ilif  lack  ol'  ptiliiliiH-  tcitli,  .iiiil  i\u'  tliKtiiH'tivo  colortttUMi.  It  is  iiioHt 
iMiiily  rrlaftil  t<>  <'.  pi) itUx.     Ivliiniutli  LiiUcs,  Ort'jioii. 

I  .iihit  maniiiHiiniin.  (lii.iiDiir,  Itiill.   I  .  S.  Kinli  ('••iiiiii.  IXII7.  Ill,  IlKiii-f,  Upper  Klamath 
Lake,  Oregon.     |  iypu,  Nu,48:!:iU,  1.  S.  Niil.  Muh.     Cull.  UiUM»rt,  CriiiiK  r,  and  (Miiki.j 


!}II2S.  rOTTIS  Alii-;iTin  S,  flillx-rt, 

Ih'iul  Hiiiiill,  :U  to  :U;  depth  '.  to  r»A.  1).  IX  or  X,  1«  or  11);  A.  13  or  U; 
r.  ll{  to  Ift;  \.  I,  I;  ('.  8  or  !)  ( t'orUt  (1  rays) ;  ;r»  to  IS?  ]»on's  in  latoral  lltu». 
Ill  uppcaiaiiru  rfHt'iiililiiig  CoIIkh  pliilonijts;  tlio  hra<l  Hiiiall,  its  width  lint 
I  (^r»'nt»fr  thiiu  its  dejith;  the  body  low  uud  but  litthi  coiiijm'HHod,  tho 
ili'|ith  lit  HhonidorH  Inil  littlo  ;;roat(;r  tlian  tlu^  width,  dandiil  ]i(!duiiclo 
iimdrrato,  not  HJondtr,  its  Iriiijth  from  baso  of  list  anul  ray  lij  to  U,  in 
Iliad,  iiieaHiirud  from  hist  doiH.-il  ray  but  little  moru  than  ^  iih  luu^r.  iK-pth 
of  caudal  |km1uii(-1o  4^  to  4^  in  head.  Mouth  small,  variabh-,  nuixillary 
iiiirhlug  vertical  from  front  or  middli-  of  ]>iipil,  2;^  Ut'.i  in  head.  \'omerl!iu 
|i.iti'h  of  teuth  small,  tho  |ialatin«>a  toothlcHH.  I'ruorbital  as  wide  us  ryo, 
pmduced  anteriorly  into  a  convex  lobe,  which  louccals  all  but  the  wid- 
I'licd  tip  of  tlic  maxillary;  both  jiairs  of  noHtrils  opiMiin^  in  short  but 
(•\  idcnt  tnbe.s,  a  character  not  known  by  ns  to  exist  in  other  sjiecics  of  Mio 
;,'!  HUH.  Kyo  1^  to4i{  in  head;  interorbital  Hpace  iiarniw,  the  least  width 
tilthe  boue  sli^rhtly  Icsh  than  .\  the  vertical  diameter  of  the  orbit  in  adultn 
It'll)  mm.  Ion;;;',  much  narrower  in  youn;;er  Hpecimons.  In  this  respect  our 
specimens  diller  conspicuously  from  the  tyjies  of  I  .  mioimhtma,  in  which 
the  interorbital  width  is  said  to  e(|ual  vortical  diameter  of  eye.  As  in 
( iilhiH  i)hUoiii})»  we  have  but  a  siiiffle  preojicri-nlar  sjiiiie,  which  is  straight 
Mild  directed  oliliiiuely  upward;  jireoperciilar  mari;iu  below  the  spine 
I'MMily  rouude«l;  subopercular  spine  well  developed.  Lateral  line  coin- 
plete,  following  outline  of  back  to  opposite  last  dorsal  ray,  where  it 
iiliriiptly  declines  to  niidtlle  of  caudal  peduncle.  Hody  naked,  or  with  a 
iiiiirow  band  of  prickles  extendiiij^  from  ujjiter  axil  of  itectnrals  alonj^ 
under  side  of  lateral  line.  Dorsals  more  or  less  joined  at  base  in  all  our 
specimens,  but  varying  in  the  height  of  the  connecting  membrane,  which 
usually  Joins  well  u]»  on  lirst  ray  of  soft  dorsal,  sometimes  at  its  extreme 
liasit.  The  spinous  (hirsal  is  long,  with  !)  spines  in  VA  specimens  examiue«l, 
[(•spines in 5  specimens.  The  lirst 2  spines  are  very  closely  approximated, 
and  spring  from  a  single,  wide  interspinal;  the  first  spine  is  easily  over- 
liioUed,  as  has  been  done  liy  (Jilbert  and  Kvermaun  (Investigations  in  the 
t  idumbia  Kiver  Hasin,  181)4,  p.  54),  and  possibly  also  by  Lockington  in  his 
lit  scrijjtion  of  f/>rtnidc«  m/rros/oma.  Spinous  dorsal  low;  the  soft  dorsal 
liigiier,  the  longest  rays  efjualing  length  of  snout  and  +  oj^e;  the  last  r;iys 
wiien  depressed  not  (|uite  reaching  base  of  caudal.  Anal  lin  much  shorter 
tliaii  soft  dorsal,  its  last  ray  under  the  fourth  or  tifth  before  the  last  ray 


^ 

.^^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


2.5 
2.2 


ta.  12.8 

^  m 

£   li£    12.0 

fat 

■Itau 


nm^^^flk 


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^ 

6'- 

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HiotDgraphic 

Sciences 

Corporalion 


23  WeST  MAIN  STMEY 

WiBSTiR,N.Y.  14StO 

(716)  •72-4503 


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1958         Dulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum, 

of  dorsal;  c:iii<lul  truncate,  slightly  roiiiuled  when  spread,  its  lenfjtli  IH^i 
Iji  in  liettd,  its  rays  twice  forked;  petitorals  reaching  to  or  nearly  to  froni 
uf  anal;  vcntrals  varying  in  length,  not  (juite  reachint;  vent  iu  .  uy  orom 
spet-imens;  pectoral  rays  all  simple;  dorsal  and  anal  rays  all  siiupl<, 
except  tlie  last,  which  is  nsually  divided  to  tlic  base  in  the  former,  and 
8(MnetimeH  divided  in  the  latt*  r.  Head  and  hody  mottled  or  spotted  above, 
unilbrmly  light  brown,  the  darker  markings  on  back  often  arranged  a>  d 
cross  b.trs,  of  which  2  are  Itelow  spinous  dorsal,  ;j  below  soft  dors.i!, 
and  1  on  caudal  peduncle,  these  usually  broken  up  into  spots  or  reticnli 
tions,  and  often  obscure,  sometimes  wanting;  usually  a  light  bar  doun 
ward  and  backward  from  eye;  rays  of  dorsals,  pectorals,  and  caudal  croHsci  I 
Avith  series  of  dark  blot»;hes ;  ventrals  and  anal  light,  very  obscurely  barn  d 
with  darker.  This  species  Avas  very  abundant  in  the  small  streams  ])iis-. 
ing  through  the  village  of  Iliuliuk,  llnalaska,  living  both  in  the  up|i(  r, 
strictly  fresh-water  portit)n  of  tlie  stream,  and  in  the  lower,  more  oi-  less 
bra<'kish  part.  A  specimen  transferred  to  the  salt-water  aquarium  on  tlic 
AlhairosH  seemed  to  suffer  no  inconvenience  from  the  changeof  water,  and 
lived  for  several  days.  This  is  probably  the  Franidea  microatoma  of  L()cl^- 
ington,  based  on  specimens  collected  near  S^.  Paul,  Kadiak,  and  consid- 
ered by  the  dcscriber  to  be  identical  with  other  s])ecimcns  examined  l)y 
him  from  th<i  Aleutian  Islands.  Four  specimens  were  collected  by  us  M;i y 
2(5,  1889,  in  a  small  stream  entering  Departure  Bay,  Vancouver  Island. 
These  exhibit  perfectly  the  differences  separating  Cottus  aleuticm  from  i(s 
nearest  ally,  Cottus  philomps,     (Gilbert.) 

Uranidea  microstoma,  Lockinoton,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1880, 58,  St.  Paul,  Kadiak  Island 
(Coll.  AV.  J.  Fischer) ;  iiot  Gottiui  iiiicrostoiintt,  Hkckei.,  a  European  .species. 

Oottvt  aUvMcxu,  (Mujert,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish  Coiuin.  1893  (1896),  418,  streams  of  Unalaska; 
also  in  Departure  Bay,  Vancouver  Island.    (Coll.  C.  U.  Gilbert). 

2a2».  COTTL'S  MIMTIS.  I'aUas. 

Head  34.  D.  VII,  18;  A.  13;  C.  13;  P.  14;  V.  2.  Head  large,  conic,  tlic 
upper  jaw  longer,  the  teeth  very  slender;  eyes  small,  near  together;  jirc- 
operclewith  an  incurvi'd  npine  on  each  ,si<le,  its  lower  margin  subdentate; 
the  head  otherwise  unarmed;  body  terete,  thick  anteriorly,  taperiin,' 
behind;  the  lateral  line  unarmed.  Color  pale,  dotted  with  large  dusky, 
irregular  black  spots  on  the  back;  fins  all  variegated,  the  pectorals  trans- 
lucent, with  rows  of  dusky  spots;  >entrals  white,  with  dnsky  rings; 
second  dorsal  variegated;  anal  dotted  with  dusky,  caudal  with  dnsl<y 
bands;  body  smooth.  Island  of  Talek,  near  Tauisk,  Sea  of  Okhotsk; 
known  from  a  dried  specimen  3  inches  long,  and  a  drawing.  (!'all;is.) 
Evidently  close  to  Cottu8  aleuticus,  but  n(»t  to  be  identified  without  inw 
material  from  Siberia,    (minutiia,  very  small.) 

Coitus  ininntii9,  Fallas,  Zoogr.  Rosso- Asiat.,  ni,  145, 1811,  Talak  Island,  Sea  of  Okhotsk. 
(Coll.  D.  D.  M-jrk). 

2330.  C'OTTUS  BELDINOII,  Eigenmann  &.  Eigcnmann. 

Head  2f  to4;  depth  \  to  5.  D.  VI  to  VIII,  15^  to  18;  A.  11  to  13;  V.  I.  I. 
Head  rather  short  and  broad,  the  profile  convex,  more  steep  from  eye  for- 


Jordan  and  Evcrnmnn, — Fishes  of  North  America,      1050 


ward;  eyo  largo,  orliit  4  to  5  in  lioad;  iiitcrorbitui  coijcave,  L'  in  urhit; 
iiioutli  large,  luuxillary  leachiiig  at  loaat  to  Itulow  the  pupil,  about  2  in 
iiead.  Preoporclt)  with  a  siiuplu  bacltwanl-dirct  *ed  spino,  very  ulightly 
curved  upward.  Teeth  »»Ji  jaws  and  vomer,  none  ou  ]wihitiues.  Skin 
HUiootb.  Pectorals  reacliing  vent,  or  further  in  tlu^  young;  vtuitralN  IJ^  to 
2  in  head.  Distance  of  ana'  from  caudal  \\  in  itu  d.istance  from  anout. 
Anus  nearer  insertion  of  caudal  than  to  end  of  Huo'it.  Mottled  with 
black  and  white;  about  (>  blackish  cross  bars  oi  back,  the  lirst  across 
lie.'id  just  behind  eyes,  next  at  origin  of  dorHal;  lirst  dorsal  tinged  with 
rusty,  T^be  Hecoud  less  so;  all  the  fins  except  the  ventrals  spotted  with 
(lark.  The  ground  color  varies  greatly  with  the  bottom  over  which  these 
lishes  live.  (Eigennninn.)  Streams  of  Columbia  lliver  Basin,  south  to 
Lake  Lahoutan;  abundant  cast  of  the  Cascades.  We  lind  this  species 
iibundaut  in  shallow  water  in  Lake  Tahoe.  Kxcopt  by  the  stouter  body, 
wo  are  unable  to  separate  it  from  Cottiih  philonips,  and  ])erhapB  Gilbert 
iV  Evernuinn  are  right  in  identifying  it  with  the  latter.  We  refer  to 
I'otttta  heldinfiii  most  of  the  spec^imens  called  Vottua  phUonipa  by  Dr.  filbert 
and  Dr.  Evermann,  with  the  remark  that  the  name  Cottna  heldhujii  is  in  any 
event  prior  to  Cottua  phUonipa. 

Cottiia  heldingii  is  a  sman-headed  form,  typically  with  perfectly  smooth 
skin  and  unarmed  palatines.  Like  most  other  sjtecies  of  the  genus  it 
(iceasionally  develops  a  band  of  postaxillary  prickles,  which  are  often 
iiccompp.iiied  in  the  same  api  "liraens  by  a  small  patch  of  teeth  on  the 
palatine  bones.  The  head  is  less  strongly  armed  than  usual,  the  single 
pi'eo]tercular  spine  being  short,  the  prcopercular  margin  otherwise  wh«)lly 
unarmed.  In  this  respect  C.  hddwgn  differs  from  all  other  Avestern 
species  of  Cotltis,  except  the  Alaskan  form  above  mentioned.  The  dorsal 
varies  from  VII  or  VllI,  16  to  18;  the  anal  from  12  to  14.  The  nostrils  are 
without  tubes,  and  the  preorbital  little  produced,  exposing  the  greater 
])art  of  the  maxillary  in  closed  mouth.  Specimens  were  obtain<'d  in  the 
Tort  Neuf  River  near  l'ocat«'llo,  at  Suoqualmie  Falls,  aiid  in  a  spring 
branch  emptying  into  the  South  Fork  of  the  Cunir  d'AIeno  Kiver,  near 
W'ardner,  Idaho.  We  have  also  seen  specimens  taken  from  Hirch  Creek, 
iu  western  Idaho,  by  Merriam  and  Bailey.  (Nanunl  for  Lyman  Belding, 
of  Stockton,  California,  well  known  as  an  ornithologist.) 

( iilttis  heldingii,  Eigknmann  &  Eioenmann,   Anier.  Nat.,  XXV,  1891,  li;i2,  Lake   Tahoe 
(Coll.  Lyman  Beldiug  and  C.  II.  Eigenin.inii),  and  Donner  Lake  ((Joll.  Eiguumuuii). 


ea  of  Okhotsk. 


2331.  COTTOS  PIIILOXIPS,  Eioenmann  &  Eigonuiann. 

Head  3:^;  depth  6.  D.  IX-17;  A.  13;  eye  4  in  head;  maxillary  'H  ;  high- 
est dorsal  spine  3;  highest  soft  ray  2J;  pectoral  1;  caudal  1;',.  Body  ex- 
titmely  slender, not  much  compressed;  caudal  peduncle  moderate.  Head 
fsiiiall,  wedge-shaped,  as  viewed  from  above;  from  the  side  the  upper  pro- 
lilc  is  broadly  rounded  from  the  dorsal  to  the  tip  of  the  rather  sharp 
snout,  lower  iirotile  straight ;  month  moderate,  the  maxillary  reaching  to 
middle  of  eye;  teeth  on  jaws  and  vomer,  palatines  toothless;  interorbital 
space  equals  \  eye;  eye  about  equal  to  length  of  snout;  preopercle  with 
only  1  small  spine  above,  below  which  its  edge  is  entire;  pectoral  reach- 


p 


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'T^■r^,rv^^^I■T:T^*'"JV'^''~'^*^^«'' 


I960 


Ihilldin  /7,  United  States  National  Afusettm. 


A'i 


■X 

4 


iiig  iVont  of  Mtiiil  or  past;  doiHals  not  connecti-d,  tlio  higlicHt  Hpinuubout  i, 
tliu  liigbeHt  Hoft  doiHiil  1',,  in  huud;  vtnitrala  leachiiit;  to  vent.  Co)oi 
light  gray,  covered  with  many  st)ota  forming  reticuhitionH  on  sides  and 
top  of  head ;  ventrals  white,  othtsr  tins  covered  by  wavy,  dailc  bais;  dorsid 
entirely  dusky,  with  a  narrow  white  «nlgo;  belly  and  lower  parts  white 
Fraser  River  liasin.  Hero  described  from  one  of  the  type  spccimcnH.  :; 
inches  in  length;  collected  at  Field,  Itritish  Columbia,  in  Kicking  llorsi 
River,  by  Dr.  Eigenmann.  This  has  been  compared  with  many  specimen^ 
of  Coitus  hehUnfiii  from  localities  in  Washington  and  Idaho  and  from  Lak.' 
Taboo.  All  of  these  are  less  slender  than  the  types,  the  depth  being  4.1  to 
5  inches  in  length,  but  they  do  not  dill'or  otherwise,  and  later  investig.i 
tions  will  probably  show  the  entire  identity  of  Coitus pUHonips  with  Cuttim 
hvldhKjii. 

This  name  {Cottiis  philonips)  was  proposed  as  a  substitute  for  Cottnx 
viinutiia,  Pallas,  supposed  to  be  preoccupied,  and  Coitus  microHtomus  {Ijovk- 
ington),  not  of  Meckel;  but  the  original  description  was  taken  from  ,i 
specimen  from  Kicking  Horse  River.  Tiio  iirst  mentioned  is  perfectly 
available,  but  was  applied  to  a  specimen  from  the  island  of  Talek,  ncjir 
Tauisk,  in  the  Okhotsk  Sea.  It  is  very  doubtful,  therefore,  whether  Cottnx 
minutus  should  be  used  for  any  American  species  in  advance  of  comparisdii 
with  the  Siberian  form.  From  the  Aleutian  Island  species  (C.  microstomuH 
Lockington,  C.  alenticus  Gilbert),  C.  j:hUonips  dillers  in  many  important 
respects,  and  is  undoubtedly  distinct.  Thus  the  Alaskan  form  has  tlit* 
l>08terior  nostrils  in  short,  but  conspicuous  tubes,  the  proorbital  produced 
into  a  lobe  which  conceals  all  of  the  maxilary  except  the  extreme  tip,  and 
the  dorsal  tin  with  8  or  9  s[)iues  and  18  to  20  se^t  rays.  {il^iXeao,  to  lovc; 
viil>,  snow,  viitrco,  to  wash.) 

Cottus  philonips*  Kioenmann  &  Kioenmanx,  Aiiut.  Nat.,  xxvi,  90:»,  1892,  Kicking  Horse 
River,  Field,  British  Columbia;  Kujkn.mann  \-  Eigenmann,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish  Cotmn. 
1894,  118;  (JiLnKUT  &.  EviiKMANN,  Uiill.  U.  S.  Vish  (^oiiiiu.  1894,  204,  iu  part,  iacludc-t 
Coitus  hddinijii. 

23a2.  <;OTTUS  AXX.E,  Jordan  &  Starks. 

Head  U  to  3i;  depth  5.  D.  VII  or  VIII,  17  or  18;  A.  12;  eye  5  in  he.id ; 
maxillary  3|;  highest  dorsal  3.V;  highest  soft  ray  2;  pectoral  1;  ventiai 
\'j,\  caudal  1^^,  Body  ehmgate,  not  much  compressed;  caudal  peduncJo 
Avide,  wider  than  length  of  snout.  Head  small,  broadly  rounded  anteriorly 
as  viewed  from  above,  snout  blunt  as  viewed  from  the  side;  mouth  very 
small,  without  so  much  lateral  cleft  as  Coitus  pMlonipa;  the  maxillary 
reaching  to  front  of  pupil;  teeth  iu  moderately  wide  bands  on  jaws  and 
vomer, palatines  toothless,  or  with  a  few  teeth  iu  a  narrow  band  on  front; 
interorbital  (bone  only)  equals  \  eye;  eye  smaller  than  length  of  snout ; 
preopercle  with  only  1  small  blunt  spine,  below  which  the  edge  is  entire. 

*  This  species  is  thus  described  hy  Eigemnaiin  &  Eigenmann :  Head  about  3}  to  4.  1 ». 
VIII  or  IX,  10  to  18;  A.  II,  13;  V.  1,  4.  Tectoral  reaching  anal  or  past  vent  even  in  lai;;- 
est  specimens.  Anal  equidistant  from  tip  of  snout  and  base  of  caudal  or  nearer  tiji  nf 
snoHt.  Ashy  gray  with  blackish  blotchc*.  No  well-deflned  cross  bars  excepting  soim- 
times  near  the  tail.  Frequently  a  dusky  blotch  on  anterior  part  of  spiuons  dorsal  iiml 
another  near  its  |)0Ht«rior  end ;  the  tin  sometinuis  wholly  dusky,  margined  with  wliitr. 
rcotor.d.-?,  .softdorsal,  and  caudal  more  or  less  barred.  The  types  taken  in  the  ioywafcrs 
of  the  Kicking  Horae,  at  Field,  liritiali  Columbia,  with  Ooregonut  couUeri.  (Eigenmauu.) 


m. 


spiuc  iibou'i  1, 
vent.     C'o)(»i 
'M\  hhIoh  and 
k  bats;  dorsul 
r  parts  whitf 
5  specinicuH,  :; 
vickiu)];  llorsr 
any  specimen- 
Hid  from  Lalo- 
itli  beiuj;  4.1  to 
i,ter  invest! {fii 
\ps  with  CottiiH 

ute  for  Cottiix 

0«/0«M««(IiO(k- 

tiiken  from  ;i 
hI  is  perfectly 
of  Talelt,  near 
whether  Cottux 

of  compariHun 
[C.microatomiiH 
lany  important 

form  has  tlit> 
bital  prodnctMl 
^.treme  tip,  anil 
^iXeM,  to  lovf; 


•2,  Kicking  Horse 

U.  S.  I'Msli  Coiniii. 

iu  part,  includes 


eye  5  in  hend; 
oral  1 ;  ventral 
iiulal  pednnelo 
tided  anteriorly 
e;  mouth  very 

the  maxillary 
ds  on  jaws  iuid 
band  on  front; 
ngth  of  snont ; 

edge  is  entire. 

abowt3ito4.  H. 
vent  even  in  Initi- 
al or  nearer  tii>  "t' 
8  excepting  soiiir- 
jinons  dorsal  iiml 

ined  with  wliit.'. 
intheicywntirs 

ri.  (Eigenmauu.) 


Jordan  and  livcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Autcrica.      1J)C1 

1  ictoral  barely  reaching  front  of  anal ;  spinous  dttrsal  very  low,  from  \  to 
as  high  as  soft  dorsal,  its  ba^e  from  its  tirst  spine  to  lirst  ray  of  soft 
dorsal  H  >"  head;  dorsals  barely  merting,  not  at  all  connected.  Colt>r 
li:;ht  gray,  somewhat  mottled;  ventrals  and  aual  colorless,  other  tins 
crossed  with  wavy  lines;  a  soft  s])ot  on  each  end  of  spinous  dorsal.  Kagle 
K'iver,  a  tributary  of  Grand  River,  (  olorado,  (Colorado  Kiver  Hasin.  Here 
(li  scribed  from  I  specimens  fnmi  2.1  to  ;$.l  inches  in  h-nglh,  collected  at 
(iy|isuni,  Colorado,  from  the  Hagle  Hiver.  It  has  hitherto  been  confounded 
with  Cottua  semiscaher,  which  was  taken  in  abundance  at  the  same  ]da<'e 
and  recorded  as  "  Cottiin  bairdii  iiunrti  latiia."  We  have  compared  this  spe- 
cies with  specimens  of  Cotlua  ItelditujU  from  Birch  Creek,  Idaho,  and  with 
a  ( ((type  of  Cotti.a  philonipa  from  Field,  Hritisji  Columbia.  It  dilVers  from 
lioih  of  these  iu  having  the  mouth  and  eyes  snniller,  and  from  the  Field 
spt'cimen  iu  having  a  deeper  body.  (Name  for  Miss  Anna  Louise  Urown, 
III  list  of  the  Hopkins  Seaside  Laboratory.; 

Cniiiin  annre.  JuuUAN  i  Stakks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  l«i»<!,  2l';i.  witli  plate,  Eagle  River, 
Gypsum,  Colorado.  (Coll.  Jordan,  Everiiiaun,  t'osler  &-  Davis.  Types,  Nos.  1^105, 
IMS,  KtOU,  ami  1310,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  JIus.) 

2»3».  COTTl'S  NPI LOTUS  (Cope).* 

This  species  is  thus  described:  "  1).  \TII,  17;  A.  18;  V.  I, 'l;IMr»;  braii- 
I  liiostegals  6.  Entering  ihi-  section  wit!i  5  ventral  rays,  and  witli  an 
elongate  body,  resembling  apparently  the  bairdii,  excejtt  in  its  short  and 
Ulteriorly  situated  ventral  tins.  In  uilsonii  the  eye  is  smaller,  and  fnmtal 
width  greater;  the  pectoral  rays  are  branched,  in  the  present  species  siui- 
|tlc.  In  Hc/(«/'rf80HU  the  vent  is  said  to  be  the  metliiin  point  of  distance 
from  the  muzzle  to  th«»  caudal  tin;  here  it  is  n.ncli  neanT  the  muzzle.  In 
voijiiatua  we  are  informed  that  the  anal  tin  has  a  more  posterior  po.sition. 
Tile  length  of  thti  head  is  eontaini'd  .S  times  pltis  1  orbital  diameter  from 
end  of  muzzle  to  base  of  caudal  tin;  s.-iid  diameter  enters  4.1  times  length 
(if  head,  ami  is  ^  greater  than  int»'roibital  w.dth.  Tin- head  is  slightly 
contracted  laterally,  and  not  so  depressed  as  in  C,  ahordii,  giving  the 
oil)its  le,s8  vertical  range.  Om-  preope^cnla^spilu^.  Insertion  of  pe<'torals 
obli(iue,  rays  undivided,  reaching  anus  and  anterior  rays  of  second  dorsal; 
ventrals  below  middle  of  pectoral,  insertion  in  advance  of  dorsal,  exteiid- 
iiiji  halfway  to  vent.  Width  of  isthums  eijual  from  border  of  (closed)  pre- 
maxillary  to  opposite  himh-r  margin  of  pupil.  Dorsal  outline  low, 
lejiuiarly  descending  to  m-ar  end  of  second  dorsal.  Greatest  depth  t'liters 
."i  tinu'8  from  end  of  muzzle  to  bas«^  of  caudal.  Lateral  line  disappears 
liet  ween  middle  and  end  of  caudal.  First  dorsal  low,  iirst  ray  f  of  second, 
tliii  (I,  and  fourth :  anal  begins  opposite  fourth  ray  of  seconddorsal.  Caudal 
tin  rather  small,  rays  once  divided.  No  trace  of  palatine  teeth.  Abov«) 
tirown,  below  yellowish,  everywhere  densely  piinctulated  with  darker, 
cx(  (  pt  between  the  vent  and  anterior  to  ventral  fins;  <ioraal,  caudal,  and 
pei  loral  fins  barred;  anal  yellowish;   ba.se  o*"  caudal  iind  dorsal  spots 

"  Dr.  liean  records  a  flsli  from  York  Factory,  Hudson  Hay,  luider  the  name  Vranidea 
iliilniii.  Cope,  "D.  IX,  18;  A  12;  V.  1,4.  (Ino  sjieeimen  nieasiiriiiK  4  inches  without  tail, 
which  in  wanting.    Vomerine  teeth  only."     (Beau,  I'roc.  U.  t>.  Nat.  Mua.  1881, 127.) 

3030 46 


j?*""-*Ti*-."^  '■;ii'"'j«i|i-MW«»»WF«Bgp?»^wgf^ 


1. 


4}  -* 


iJw  ' 


I 


if' 


Hi' 


10CL»  lUilUtin  //,  ^  '////<y/  .SVrtAvy  National  Museum. 


ItliirkiHli;  hirj;''  lah'tiil  rouiitl  Hputs  of  the  sisiim'  (•(•lor  HonietiiiieH  in  7 
or  fewer  crosB-biirH.  Lciijrtli  3  inclics.  Hcvcriil  HpHcimoiiH  from  (Jniiid 
Wii])i(lH,  on  tlio  (iraiid  Ri\<>r,  which  llowH  into  Lnk(>  Michigan."  (CopiM 
A  litth'-known  Bpccice  a]>]>arciitl,v  cloav  to  ('olltm  hildhiffii.  On  the  ty|Ms 
of  thiH  H])c('i<-8  we  have  t1u>  tollowiu^  notes:  It  Iihh  now  no  cvith-nt  tr(  ili 
on  the  pahitincs  and  the  ventral  ra.VH  are  I,  3."  The  Hkin  ia  smooth,  .inil 
tlie  jU'eopercnhir  spine,  althon^li  ]>roniinent  and  directed  ii))ward,  is  imt 
hooked.  Tlie  spots  (»n  tlu^  body  are  less  sliarply  •letined  than  in  ('hiihh 
ricci,  with  whieli  .lonhin  &  (lilberl  first  hhnititied  it.  (Jonhin,  Cit. 
FisIi.N.  A.,  111.)     ((I;r/Aci)r()f,  spotted.) 

Uranidea  xpilota,  ('dpe,  Troc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  I'liila.  IHC),  182,  Grand  River  at  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.;  JoKUAN  A:  OlUiKRT,  SynopsiH,  954,  1883. 

2!ja4.  rOTTl'S  LKIOI'OJirS,  (Jilhort  Ar  Kverniann. 

Head;U;  depth  .-yA.  D.  VIl-17;  A.  12;  IM.S;  V.I, 4.  Eye4i;  snout  .!,i; 
interorbital  width  7^.  Lea.st  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  about  e(|U.iIinf,' 
length  of  snout;  interorbital  8pac(>  very  narrow,  much  less  than  diiiiiit  ti  r 
of  eye;  mouth  small,  nuixillary  reaching;  vertical  from  niiddh^  of  eve,  ,i 
wide  strij)  visible  laterally  in  the  closed  mouth.  Preop(ucular  spines 
entirely  absent,  the  preopercular  margin  evenly  r(Miuded  throu;;iiciiit. 
without  prominence,  and  without  th(f  least  trace  of  a  spine.  Vomer  with 
a  very  narrow  band  of  teeth;  palatines  naked;  skin  wholly  naked;  Lit- 
eral line  complete.  Dorsal  fins  not  joined  unless  at  extreme  base;  tin.-*  all 
low,  the  pectorals  barely  reaching  front  of  anal  under  third  i'ay  of  sicdiid 
dorsjil,  its  last  ray  under  fourth  from  last  ray  of  latter.  Free  i)orti(in  of 
caudal  pediuicle  (liehiud  last  anal  ray)  lij  in  head;  portion  behind  l)nM'  of 
last  dorsal  ray  3  in  head;  neither  dorsal  nor  anal  reaching  base  of  cimd.il 
when  depr(>s8ed.  Color  in  alcohol,  head  on  sides  rather  finely  verniicn- 
lated  with  light  and  dark;  plain  whitish  below;  not  coarsely  spottrd  or 
blotched  as  in  C.philonips;  dorsal  bars  indistinct;  2  narrow  black  lines 
downward  and  backward  from  <'ye;  an  c^venly^  convex  dark  bar  at  bnsc  of 
caudal;  dorsals,  pectorals,  and  caudal  faintly  cross- barred.  Length  iilxint 
3ir  inches.  Upper  Little  Wood  Kiver,  Shoshone,  Idaho.  Closely  related  to 
Cotfns  philonips,  but  remarkably  distinguished  by  the  lack  of  preopcrciilar 
spines.    (Gilbert  &  Evermann.)     (/Ic/og,  smooth ;  TrrD/zcr,  operclc.) 

Vottlt*  leiopomits,  (llLBERT  &  Evebmann,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish  Comni.  1894,  203,  pi.  20.  Upper 
Little  Wood  River,  Shoshone,  Idaho.  (Type,  No.  45389,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. ;  (-'eiyju', 
No.  1151  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.     Coll.  H.  H.  Kinsey.) 

28:15.  COTTUS  PBIXCEPS,  Cilbert. 

Head  3^  to  3;5  in  length;  depth  5  to  5*.  D.  VI  or  VII,  21  to  23,  A.  Hi  to 
18;  V.  I,  4;  P.  15.  A  slender  form  with  small,  narrow  head,  which  is  iiciiily 
(piadx'ate  in  cro^s  section,  the  opercles  and  cheeks  being  subverticai,  tlie 
greatest  width  of  head  but  ^  or  ^  more  than  its  depth  at  occiput.  Moiitli 
small,  oblique,  the  gape  slightly  curved,  the  maxillary  reaching  a  vcrti'  iil 
crossing  eye  in  front  of  pupil,  2'j  to  3  in  head.     Eye  e(iualing  snout,  I    in 


'  Tliifl  is  perhaps  an  error  in  our  notes.    The  type  cnu  not  now  be  found  in  the  eellir- 
lion  at  I'liiladelphia. 


nni. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — FirJics  of  North  Ametica,      1063 


joiuetiniuH  in  7 
iiH  from  (JiiiMil 
Kiiii."  (Coi.,.! 
On  till'  I.V|ii  N 
>  evident  tirih 
is  sinootli,  anil 
ii]>w»nl,  JH  iK.t 
than  in  ('niiiis 
(Jordiiii.  (at. 

at  Grand  Rapuls, 


I'  4;|-;  sudiit  :!,',; 

»lu»ut  »M|Ualiiii; 

«  than  diiiiiii'tn 

iddlc  of  eve,  a 

pt'icnhir  wiiiiics 

•d  throiij;li(iiit. 

\     Vomer  with 

illy  nakrd;  lat- 

w  bas*';  tins  all 

d  i'iiy  of  second 

h-rct'  i»orti(iii  of 

bt'hind  l)as('  of 

l)as('  of"  caudal 

lincly  vcniiicii- 

ht'ly  spottrd  nr 

\v  black  lines 

»av  at  base  of 

LiMigth  aliimt 

»scly  rt'lnted  tn 

preoin'icular 

rc'lc.) 

20a,  pi.  20.  Upper 
it.  Mus. ;  t'olype, 


o  23.  A.  1(5  to 
hith  is  nearly 
jvertical.  tlie 
ipnt.  Mouth 
ing  a  vertieal 
g  snout,  I'  in 

id  in  the  (dill' ■ 


head.  TeutI  tniall,  iinil'oriu,  in  narrow  bandH  in  the  Jawa;  vomer  witii  a 
narrow  patch;  palatines  Hinooth.  Kyt>s  Hiiiall,  Neparatod  by  a  narrow,  Hat 
JuiorHpaco,  aH  wide  an  pujii!.  Margin  of  pn)0])er(de  »<vonly  roiindod,  with- 
nut  dt'vriopt'd  Mpihu,  a  minute  spiiiouH  point  HonictimcH  oci'n))ying  the 
|ii.sition  of  the  ii|t]Mr  jiriiopcicular  Njduc;  opordo  without  Hpino;  tubes 
;  lid  jtort'H  of  liead  extraordinarily  developed.  A  weries  of  (>  very  large 
{II ire.s  across  cheek  and  on  lower  edge  <»f  preoritital;  a  large  median  pore 
a  I  .sym|diyMi>4,  and  a  series  of  7  occupying  each  ramus  and  extending  o!it«» 
edg*^  of  ]ireo|)ercle;  similar  sonu'what  smaller  por(>s  form  the  supraorbital 
series.  ItranchiostegalH  t>.  (iill  membranes  broadly  uiiitetl  to  the  isthmus, 
uilhont  free  fold;  no  jtore  behiixl  last  gill.  Dorsal  and  anal  lins  very 
Img  and  low,  the  dorsal  spines  very  sleiub'r,  the  iu>teh  shallow  between 
sjiiiious  an<l  soft  portions;  pectorals  rea<'liiug  beyond  front  of  amil ;  ven- 
tials  usually  to  vent.  About  ij  of  our  specimens  have  the  back  and  sides 
((Uiipletely  invested  with  minute  close-set  jnickles,  the  bead  and  belly 
and  a  narrow  area  along  base  of  anal  naked;  (vandal  peduncle  also  naked 
ill  varying  degree.  In  the  remaining  third  (itossibly  males)  the  body  is 
smooth  exce])t  for  a  ])ostaxial  band  of  jirickles,  and  in  1  sjtecimen  these 
arc  absent,  leaving  the  body  entirely  naked.  Lateral  line  variously  in- 
complete, interrupted  at  some  point  under  ]tost<^rior  half  of  second  dorsal. 
Color  light  olive  with  darker  markings,  whi<di  may,  on  the  head,  take  the 
loriii  of  vermiculating  lines;  7  quiidrate  dark  blotches  along  base  of  dorsal 
liu,  the  first  and  third  usually  narrower  than  the  others,  an  eighth  on  back 
ol' caudal  peduncle;  very  distinctly  marked  individuals  sliow  a  series  of 
blotches  along  middle  of  sides,  which  may  be  connected  with  the  dorsal 
Belies  by  broad  dusky  bars;  dorsal,  caudal,  and  pectoral  \vith  faint  bars; 
veutrals  and  anal  uumarked.  We  subjoin  table  ol  liu  rays  in  12  speci- 
mens: 


Specimens . 


Dorsal 
sjiines. 


Dorsal  rnys. 


I 


VI.     VII. 


'21. 


22. 


23. 


16. 


Anal. 


17.    ;    18. 


Tectornl. 


14. 


15. 


U 


Numerous  specimens  were  obtained  in  shallow  water  along  the  shore  of 
Upper  Klamath  Lake  on  a  bottom  of  tine  sediment  and  vegetable  dt'-bris. 
This  ditt'crs  widely  from  any  other  species  of  I'oltna  in  the  very  narrow , 
slender  form,  the  long  fins,  and  ospecjially  in  the  extreme  development  of 
tbo  mucous  tubes  and  pores.  Klamath  Lakes,  Oregon.  (Gilbert.)  {prin- 
ceps,  chief. ) 

Cdlfufi  princeps,  Gu.bert,  Ball.  T.  S.  Fi.sli  Comin.  1897, 12,  flgiiro,  Upper  Klamath  Lake, 
Oregon.    (Type,  Xo.  48227.    Coll.  Gilbert,  Cramer,  and  Ota'd.) 

730.  URANIDEA,  De  Kay. 

I'tnnidea,  De  Kay.  New  York  Fanna:  Fi.shc»,  61,  1842  (qmetcent^^graeilin) . 

This  genus  is  very  close  to  Coitus,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  reduction 
ol'  its  ventrals  to  a  concealed  spine  and  3  soft  rays,  a  stey*  further  in  the 
deg(Mieration  charai'teristic  of  fresh-water  types.     The  skin  is  smooth,  or 


iLj?:ii^i*ri':> ■>■•-,-  w^^^ 


^■»■rF»f^.^ 


■'  ( 


r 


19«4  liulli'tin  /7,  UniUd  States  Nathmxl  Museum, 

vfiy  nearly  mo,  tli<<  prcMipt'ioiilar  Npiiii'H  hiiiuII,  niitl  tluM'o  Ih  iisiiaUy  itotrari 
ol'  tfi  til  on  til*'  p.-ilatiiH-H.  Colil  HtruaiiiH  aii<l  HpriiiKs  <•!'  \\w  Uuitml  Stales 
tViiiii  Now  Kii;r|aiHl  aiitl  thu  (Sri'iit  L.iUvh  tu  the  I'acitit-  CoiUit.  (uu/JcrriK. 
sky;  n'iioi',  1  looked;  /.  e.  Htarjja/t'i'.) 

<i.  ruliitiiitts  with  It'l'tli. 

b.  Doi'Hiil  VIIL,  10;  )ii't'<ip<'i'<'lt>  arinctl  willi  4  N|tin<'H,  tlic  liiii^i'sl   iiIhmiI  'J  in  r\r 
luilHt  <lu|>tli  orriiuili'l  |M'<|iiiii'li'  12  ill  Ii'IikIIi  of  iiiiily.  IIKNDIKKI, 'j:i:;ii. 

III).  DorHiil   VI,  ID;    |ir)'o|i.<r<'l(<  \vi(ii  a  MiiiKlo  HJiort  Hjiiiiu;  li-axt  ili'|)tli  ol'  ruiicl.il 
|iv(liiiii'lo  K,^  in  IciiKtli  of  lioily.  (ikkunei,  :::!;?. 

u».  PalaliiiuH  t)H)tlili<HH. 

0.  Anal  ruyn  14  or  15;  doiwal  h|iIih'h  7  or  8. 

({.  l'rco|i('i'('ular  N|iino  HJiort.  bluntiHli;  lirstilorHal  dark,  will,  |ialo  margin 

MAltiiiNATA,j:i:;h. 
(III.  I'l't'opt't'ciilar  H|iino  wt>ll  (Icvidoped,  broad,  i'iiUhm'  Hliarp,  eiirvvd  u|i\viMil. 

TKNL'18,  •.':;:;'.i. 
ec.  Anal  rayH  1'^  or  11. 

f.  I'rt<o|)('r('iilar  Hpino  ciirvtMl  ii|i\viii'd  more  or  1u8H  al>riii>tly. 

/.   Head  larpi.  about  IIJ  in  loii^'tli. 

</.  Moutb  Hinall,  the  maxillary  barely  I'ent'liinj;  past  front  of  fy, 

pi'Ctoral.s  Hliort,  not  rt'aciii;ii;anal:  itrcoperciilarHiiinc  sIkhi 

luKiked  abraptly  upward,  body  very  robuHt. 

FltANKUNI, 'J'ild. 

<j(j.  Aloutli  laruor,  tlio  maxillary  ri'acliiuK  middle  «f  oyo;  pocIhimIh 
usually  roacliiM^  past    front  of  anal;   prt>o)ii)ruular  h|>Iiii' 
stontisli,  little  hooked. 
h.  First  dorsal  nearly  an  high  as  noeond  ;  anal  prickly. 

Kr.Mi,ii:r.ii,  j;ii. 
hh.  First  dorsal  niueli  lower  than  st>eond;  axil  not  ]irii'My. 
so  far  as  known;  pectorals  variable,  usually  loii^. 

ClKACIU.x,  .MC.'. 

ff.  Head  snnill.  4J  in  len$;th.  koioiosa.  J  ;i;i. 

n:  Preopereular  sjiine  sliarp,   nearly  straiftbt,   direete<l  backward   r;itliri 

farther  than  upward ;  head  naiTowed  forward.  hoyi.  '-':;i4. 

28S0.  IHAMUKA  KK.MHUKI  (Itean). 

Biau(lii(.8tr|rals  «!;  D.  VIII,  16;  A.  12;  V.  I,  3;  l\  15;  C.  15.  The  hiiulli 
«>f  the  typo  is  2.7  inches  (G"J  mm.)  to  the  hjise  of  the  caudal.  The  }>reiite.st 
height  of  the  body  at  the  origin  of  the  dovHal  equals  its  greatest  width 
over  the  base  of  the  pectorals,  and  is  coutained  nearly  4  times  in  its  leiiuth 
without  caudal.  The  least  height  of  the  tail  is  ,V  of  the  length  without 
caudal.  The  length  of  the  middle  caudal  rays  is  contained  il  tinio  in 
the  length  of  the  body.  Width  of  the  month  equals  i  the  length  oi'  tlic 
head.  The  maxillary  extends  a  little  behind  the  fr<»nt  margin  of  the  eye. 
The  snout  is  as  long  as  the  eye.  The  distance  between  the  eyes  is  1(  ss 
than  their  diameter,  and  is  contained  5  times  in  the  length  of  the  luiiil; 
the  diameter  of  the  eye  4  times.  The  length  of  the  lower  jaw  e(|iials  I 
the  length  of  head.  Preoperculum  armed  with  4  spines,  the  largest  .it 
the  angle,  and  is  about  i  as  long  as  the  eye;  the  3  anterior  ones  are  very 
small  and  hidden  by  the  skin.  The  distance  of  the  spinous  d^^rsal  tioni 
the  snout  is  ^  of  the  length  of  the  body;  the  length  of  the  lo  igest  sjiiuo 
of  the  first  dorsal  is  ab<mt  i  of  that  of  the  head  and  about  §  of  the  lonu<  st 
dorsal  ray.  The  longest  dorsal  and  anal  rays  are  equal.  The  lengtli  nf 
the  anal  base  almost  equals  the  length  of  the  head.     The  length  of  the 


-iSiEKiSfc'tt 


(m. 


Jordan  and  I'A'Ctntann. — luslics  of  North  America.      IflCW 


Hiiully  no  trai  I 
UuitiHl  Stales 

it.  (OU/JttKlK, 


iiImiiiI   'J  ill  i'\( 

HKMiiiiKi, 'j:i::ri. 
«lf|i)li   ol    ruiiii.ij 

<ii(i;KNiii,  L';!;7. 


MAU(llNATA,J.i:;H. 

,  ciirvoil  ii|iw{iiil. 
TKNfis,  'j:;:;'.!. 


(list  front  (il  CM  . 
ciiliirH]iiiic  NJiiMi 
t. 

KllANKUNI,'j:;ill 
of  oyu;   JltM'liPlMJs 

•coiMireiilur  s|iiiii- 

ml  prickly. 

KIMMKNII,  Jill. 
lixil  IKil.  luickly, 

iiaiially  loii:;. 

GKACII,!.-*.  JlilL'. 

FoHMo.x.v,  J  ;i:;. 
>ackwiir(l    r:iili,r 
IIOYI. '-'-U. 


'I'lio  Icii.ulli 

The  j'Tejitc.Ht 

reatest  width 

in  itslt!Il^tll 

ij^th  witlioiit 

4.i  tiiiic-  ill 

eiif^th  oi'  tilt' 

.11  o("  tlic  eye. 

e  eyes  is  los 

»f  the  hiail; 

iiw  eijuals  1 

le  largest  .it 

Hies  are  very 

<l"rsal  I'lom 

o.igest  8i>iiio 

f  the  lon,i:i  st 

'he  leiifitli  I  if 

iiigth  t'f  llio 


htiroiul  (loi'Hal  lisiHo  JH  a  little  ginator  than  the  length  uf  the  li»a«l.  Tlin 
pt^etoralH  reaeli  to  the  ori<{iii  of  tlio  anal;  veiitrals  «lo  not  reach  to  the 
vi'iit.  Voiiierinu  and  palatine  teeth  iiioseiit.  Skin  Hinooth.  Color  iini- 
lotin  (lark  In-own  ahove,  lighter  on  the  throat  and  helly.  (Itean.)  KaHtern 
i)re);on  anil  not-lhe;'n  lilalio,  in  the  (!olnnil>ia  KaHJii.  ("I  take  pleaHiire  in 
iliMliealin^  tliJH  Hpeeies  to  Capt.  (.'harloH  K.  Hendire,  an  exeeHent  cullector 
and  oltHerver,  who  ha.s  contrilnitetl  ho  nuu-h  to  the  .MiiHeiim.") 

I'llaiiiocDlluii  hi-iiiliii'i.  liKA.N.  riDC.  r.S.  Nal.  Mii«.  IHHl,  i!7,  Walla  Walla,  WashinKton. 

('I\v|>e,  No.  1!4HHI.     (Nill.  ( 'ii|tl.  (;iiu.>*.  r.<u«lirt'.) 
/  niniiha  hfinlirei,,\i>ui>.\S  \.  (ilLULJlT,  Syuopslr*,  ODIi,  IHH;i, 


Xn.  l'UAMI>i:,V  (JKKKN'KI,  (WIImmI  \  Ciilv.'r,  now  hixcIoh. 


h 


Ih;    depth    I.J 


d: 


I'Idtal 


ont  If'l ;  interorl 
width  (boiut  only)  !*;  caudal  pedniiele  very  deep,  itH  luaHt  du])th  'Jh  in 
head.  Dorsal  VI,  li);  anul  V2;  pectoral  II  or  lo,  ventral  l,'.\.  Head  broad 
with  rounded  itrolile,  viewed  IVoni  above,  the  Hnont  and  interorbital  re;rion 
slightly  convex,  the  oecipnt  Hat  «)r  Hlightly  concave.  Month  large,  hoii- 
xoiital,  thi^  maxillary  extending  as  tar  hack  -a  vertical  from  center  of 
pupil,  2}f  '\u  head.  Vomer  and  palatineu  with  broad  baiidH  of  teeth.  A 
.single  proopercnlar  Hpine,  rather  Hhort,  ilirocted  Homewhat  (d>lii|nely 
upward.  Lateral  hue  incow}dete,  ending  nnder  tifteenth  ray  of  Hecotxl 
(liifHal;  a  umall  pat<-h  of  ]>rickh>H  behind  the  axil,  and  a  f<!W  along  bane  of 
Hi'cond  dorsal.  Spinons  dorHul  high,  its  longest  Hpine  exceeding  length 
of  snont,  12^  in  head;  longeut  ray  of  second  dorual  about  2  in  head;  last 
dorsal  npine  joined  by  ineinbrane  to  base  of  tirst  Hoft  ray;  last  dornal  rays 
reaching  with  their  tipn  to  baH(^  of  caudal ;  pectoraln  rea<-hing  to  or  beyontl 
Vertical  from  lirut  ana!  ray;  pectoral  rays  all  nnbranched;  ventrals  not 
i|iiite  rea«-hing  veut.  Olive  brown  above  and  on  sides,  light  below;  2  short 
dark  bars  nnder  spinons  dorsal,  both,  or  the  hinder  one  only,  continned 
upward  to  form  a  black  blotch  <mi  the  tin;  a  conspicuons  dark  bar  nnder 
anterior,  and  1  under  ]»osterior  third  of  second  dorsal,  with  a  shorter 
fainter  one  midway  between  them;  a  vertical  bar  at  base  of  caudal ;  area 
lielow  lateral  lino  with  a  series  of  6  or  7  vertically  oblong  dark  blotches, 
more  or  less  di.stinctly  continent  at  the  upper  limit,  to  form  a  wavy  streak, 
which  is  also  joined  by  the  darker  markings  of  the  back ;  a  bhukish  streak 
at  I»a8»»  of  ]»ectoral;  second  dorsal,  caudal,  and  pe<;torals  rather  bro.adly 
cro.ss- barred  with  dusky;  ventrals  and  anal  colorless.  Length  58  nun. 
This  species  is  characterized  by  its  short  spinons  dorsal  and  its  \ory  deep 
caudal  podnnch^.  Snake  River  Hasin,  Idaho;  only  th<' type  known.  Type 
Iiicality,  Thousand  Springs,  Snake  River,  Idaho,  in'ar  month  of  Salmon  Fall 
h'iver.  Collected  by  C.  H.  (Jilbert,  C.  W.  tJreene,  and  K.  Otaki,  Angnst  J), 
isiil.  ("Named  for  Prof.  Charles  Wilson  Greene,  of  Stanford  University, 
to  whose  energy  was  due  much  of  the  succi'ss  of  the  exp<^dition.") 

9U».  IIKAMDKA  NAROIXATA,  Bean. 

Hranchioi^tegals  6;  1).  VII  or  VIII,  18  or  19;  A.  14  or  15;  V.  1, 3;  P.  13  or 
11 ;  C.  14  or  15.  Head  broad,  slightly  depres.m'd,  its  greatest  length  «'on- 
tained  a  little  more  than  3  times  in  length  of  body  without  caudal  (4 


m 


^v. 


I 


m 


IIMIO 


lUdh't'ni  /7,  United  Stales  Nitional  Museum, 


tiiiicH  ill  (iitiil  l<iij;tli);  <liNtaiH'f  fnmi  tij*  of  Hiioiif  to  eye  ('i|imlH  Icnjjtli  ni 
i-vi-,  wliii'li  is  I  ill  lii'iiil.  Voiiirriiir  tn'th  prrsiiit;  noni-  on  i\w  |ialjitiiii  .s 
Itddy  Htoiit  iiiilt'iiorly,  iiioilrriitt-ly  coiiipn-sHod  poHteriorly,  \iw  liciylit  at 
orifrin  oftiiNt  durHitl  t>i|iitil  to  its  widtli  at  tlir  saiiiu  pliuti-,  aiul  rontiiiiiiil 
W  tiiiii'H  ill  Itfiigtii  (if  lioily  witlioiit  raiidal;  tlio  IciHt  witltli  of  tli*<  taiidnl 
|Mtdiiii<'l«<  It'HH  iban  \  itH  liri^rjit.  TIk' distamo  ItciwctMi  tlin  cyt's  iM|iijiiis 
of  tlit'ir  loii^  diaiiii-ter.  Tlio  maxilla  ttxtciidH  to  tiio  vertical  throii^li  tin 
rod  of  tlif  aiit«'rior  tliird  of  tlir  orliit.  Tim  |ir<'o|)rrciiliiiii  lias  a  slioil. 
hroad,  ralluT  Idinit  spiiir  at  its  ati^lc  and  a  iiinidi  suiallur  on*>  on  its  Ioxmi 
liiiih;  liotwi'cn  tlo'Htt  2  till-  margin  in  Homo  Hpccimiiis  Ih  (rrtniiilatcd,  hoiik 
times  formiiijL;  un  additional  idiint  Hpin*>.  'I'lio  proo]i('i(Milar  Hpinos  ar<>  nil 
liiddrn  iindi  r  tlio  Hkir  Tlic  diNtancr  of  tin-  lirst  dorsal  from  the  snout  is 
containrd  2:i  tiim-s  in  lon^tli  of  liody  without  c^iiidal;  itH  lon^t-st  spiin*  i^ 
,.\  aM  loii^  as  tilt)  lioad;  tli«^  lun((tli  oi*itH  ItaHo  is  rontainrd  5  tinioH  in  Ifn^tii 
of  Itody  without  caudal,  tl  tiint^s  in  total  h«n^tli ;  tliu  length  of  the  hccihhI 
doi'Hal  liaso  ia  <^  of  total  Icii^^th.  'I'hu  lt'ii;;tli  of  the  nnal  haHi-  is  \  of  lon;;i|i 
without  raiidal.  Tln^  htii^fli  of  tho  ventral  is  contained  from  (ItotU  tiiins 
in  the  total  length.  Tlio  hMi^th  of  the  i»ectoial  is  \  of  lungth  of  hody 
without  candal.  The  colors  have  faded,  hut  the  ground  cidor  seeiiiB  to  Ih' 
]dumh«ouH,  with  oecasionjii  Idotches  of  darker;  tho  tins  are  more  or  less 
distinctly  ]iiinctiilated;  the  tirnt  dorsal  is  darker  than  the  body  and  ii:is 
a  distinct  white  margin.  (Mean.)  Kastern  Oregon,  in  the  Columbia  Ki\(  r 
l)asin.  Well  distinguished  from  related  species  by  its  long  anal, 
(jilbort  &i  Kvermann  have  the  f»dl«»wing  notes  on  this  species: 

Six  small  s| imens  from  Mill  Creek  at  Walla  Walla  (tho  tyjx^  lociiliiy 

of  mtirtihnttiis)  agree  with  Mean's  descri])tion  an<l  diller  from  all  otlur 
western  sp«!cimens  of  CotliiH  which  we  have  seen,  in  having  but  3  softr;iys 
in  the  ventral  lins.  So  far  as  can  be  ascertained  fror.i  onr  very  imniatmv 
specimens,  niaiiiiuahin  strongly  resembles  pirphxus,  with  which  it  agrees 
in  tin  rays,  naked  skin,  the  incom])lete  lateral  line,  and  the  absence  of  the 
palatine  teeth.  Coitus  pcrjilcnis  has  constantly  4  soft  rays  in  the  ventrnl 
tins,  and  other  ditferences  may  appear  when  compared  with  adnlt  speci- 
mens. In  onr  sitecimens  of  marfiiiialiis,  the  anus  varies  in  ])08ition,  beiii<; 
sometimes  nearer  base  of  caudal  tin  than  snout,  sometimes  nearer  siioiil. 
Twenty-two  small  sjtecimens,  collected  by  Moan  «.V:  Woolman  at  Sand  Point, 
Idaho,  are  for  the  present  referred  to  this  species,  thongh  wo  are  not  cer- 
tain that  this  idontilication  is  correct.  The  ventrals  seem  to  1)0  I,  13;  but 
the  body  is  more  or  less  covtTod  with  pfiekles.     {mtirf/inuhia,  edged.) 

Crnitidin  marginata,  IJean,  I'roc.  V.  S.  Niit.  AIiih.  IHHl,  2fi,  Walla  Walla.    (Coll.  Cn\>i. 

Charles  E.  liendiri'.) 
Gottiti  marginatus,  (Umikut  \  Evermann,  Hull.  U.  S.  Fish  (.'(iinni.  1«'J4,  204. 

8889.  III(AMI>I:A  TKNUIS,  Kvormaiin  &  Meek. 

Head  31 ;  depth  7 ;  eye  4^  in  head;  snout  4  ;  V.  1,  3.  D.  VI-I,  17;  A.  V>; 
vomer  with  teeth;  ]>alatines  toothless.  Head  long,  contracted  from  eyes 
forward  ;  snout  rather  long;  body  much  compressed,  very  slender,  greatest 
width  of  candal  jteduncle  2i  in  eye;  least  depth  of  same  slightly  greater 


in  ' 


:i:^:^'^<^i^.^-irt^l^ilii"::\'^■^y■''.■.•.:J^{■^litiiL::iUM^^fi.'^A^ 


Jordan  and  liverniann, — Fis/ws  of  North  America.     11M57 

tliiin  eye;  |)r(>o|M>rouliir  Hpino  wull  «l«)vtl()|te«l,  bmnd,  riiMier  Hhiirp,  piirtly 
covered  by  Nkiii,  iMirvtMl  upward;  Itt^low  thiH  '1  otlitir  Mpiiius,  the  uiiterinr 
iiiui  blunt,  tlio  other  Hliarp,  diritott-d  towiird  low*>r  bime  of  pttctonil;  pcmt- 
toiuporal  Hidne  wt^ll  duvidupod.  Hudy  Huiooth,  wholly  withotit  prirklcH  or 
HiaUis;  lateral  line  couipl<!t«ex<-uptou  caudal  ]iudun<'lt>.  Color  iliiik  aliuve 
iind  on  upper  !{  of  Hi*l«-N,  jiale  beluw;  durHal  tiiiN  bairt^d  with  Horiim  of  dark 
ilcitH  or  ItlotcheH;  caudal  Hiniilnrly  nuirked  but  lather  darker;  anal  liH;ht 
v\  it!>  a  few  dark  blotch. 'h;  pcctoi  jiIh  Name  aH  caudal ;  ventraiN  plain  ;  under 
Mdc  of  head  prol'uai'ly  covered  with  HUiall  round  black  npockH;  luucit'erouK 
jKircH  on  heiid  well  developed.  Klanuith  liakoH,  Oregon.  lteHid«>H  the 
H|iecinien  tlcHcribed  aliove  we  have  2  otherH  of  the  Name  Niender  Ntyle  from 
Pelican  liny,  Up])or  Klamath  Lake,  and  inany  others  from  the  lake  near 
Klamath  Falls,  the  majority  of  which  are  mu<-h  Huialler  and  Icnh  slender, 
iho  slender  oneH  are  a]>)mrently  entirely  smooth;  a  ripe  fenuile  M  ineheH 
liiu^  haa  a  few  prickles  on  anterior  jtart  of  i>ody,  while  all  the  Hiualler  (uies 
are  pretty  well  covered  with  huuiII  pricklcH.  (Evernuiiin  iV  Meek.)  (tviiiii», 
slender.) 

I  raniden  tvmiix,  Kvkhmann  A    Mekk,    Mall.  TT.  S.  FIhIi  (Jiinan.  IHOT,  K\,  tlR.  fl,  Upper 
Klamath  Lake,  Klamath  Palls,  Oregon,    ('rypo,  No.  4H:!J9     Coll.  Movk  \-  Aloxuudur.) 


12840.  UllAMItKA  KltANKLIM  (AKnssiz). 

Head  :U;  depth  IJ.  D.  VIII,  17;  A.  12;  V.  I,  W.  Hody  rather  short  and 
Htout;  snout  not  very  obtu8t«;  maxillary  reaching  about  to  pupil;  eye  4  in 
iit'a<l,  twi<;e  the  interorbital  space;  preoperculjir  sjiine  hook-like,  very 
Mcute;  paired  tins  rather  short,  the  pe(;toraIs  not  reaching  v(mt;  lirst 
dorsal  nearly  as  hi^h  asBeeond;  dorsalH  conti^^uous;  anal  inserted  under 
fourth  ray  of  second  d(U'sal;  caiulal  0  m  length;  lateral  line  incomplete; 
vent  nearer  base  of  caudal  than  tip  of  snout.  Length  H  inches.  Lake 
Superior,  ((iirard.)  Perhaps  not  distinct  from  Coitus  t/radlia.  (Named 
tor  Sir  .lohu  Franklin,  the  Arctic  explorer.) 

Vdttiis  frnnklini,  AoAssiz,  Lakii  Superior,  30;j,  18r)0,    north  and   east  shores  of  Lake 
Superior  (Coll.  •rHiiiCH  Hall  anil  Lonin  Akiihsiz)  ,  (intAKit,  Moiio(;rai>li  CottciilM,  53, 1851. 
I'lanidea  franklini,  Jokuan  &  Oilbeut,  SynopHia,  U54, 188X 


la.     (Coll.  ('n|ii. 


2341.  URAMDKA  KUNLIKMI,  Hoy. 

I).  VI,  17;  A.  12;  P.  14;  V.  1, 3.  Hody  sh'uder  and  elongated,  its  depth  6 
times  in  length.  Head  large  and  huig,  3^  in  length  of  body,  its  width  a 
litth-  more  than  }  its  length,  its  depth  a  little  less.  Eye  large,  3^  in  head, 
iilmut  equal  to  snout,  more  than  twice  interorbital  space.  Base  of  pecto- 
r;iis  crescentic,  the  tin  ab(Mit  as  huig  as  head ;  the  lower  rays  rapidly  short- 
ened, reaching  second  or  third  dorsal  ray,  and  fallin[r  just  short  of  anal, 
toiirth  and  fifth  rays  longest.  Vent  ciiuidistant  between  base  of  caudal 
aiirl  front  of  eye.  Mouth  pretty  wide  andobliqiu',  the  maxillary  reaching 
t(i  middle  of  eye;  lower  jaw  projecting.  No  palatine  teeth.  Preopercular 
s|iine  large,  directed  upward  and  backward,  not  strongly  h«>oked.  First 
liiirsal  rather  high,  {j  the  height  of  the  second,  the  second  spine  longest 
iuid  tilauieutous,  the  2  tins  conm^cted  by  a  membrane.     Caudal  peduncle 


HMW  Hill  Id  in  /7.  nnilt(i  Siatcs  Naiional  flfn^ntm. 


Itu 


m 


l\v:\ 


1$ 


!>• 


J 

-If 


«• 


1 ' 


itj, 


! 


Hlt'iulnr.  CiiikIiiI  tin  iiiirrnw,  nmrn  tliiin  }  Irngth  of  liniul.  Hocoiitl  dorNiil 
mill  anal  liigli.  LaU'ral  lino  tlisapitcai'ln^  iiikIoi'  iiiitltllu  of  ndooimI  <!nrNiil. 
Color  olilit««rut('(l,  trtu^'H  of  a  lilat^k  Hjtot  on  spiiiouH  dttrHal.  lit'ii^tli  •>!' 
N|HM'iiiitMi  ;{  inrhi'N.  OniMtl'  hr.  lloy'H  typoN,  in  very  bail  (Minditioii,  f\niii 
iiMMl  by  nH.  It  hiiH  yirown  Hoft  in  wt'ak  alrobol,  and  Uh  reiiiaikablu  sh>n 
ilornoHM  of  body  ih  perhaps,  in  part  at  ItMtNt,  dne  to  thin  furt.  i.aK>' 
Mi<-lii(;an,  in  doop  water,     (Nuniud  for  A.  I..  Knndit>n,  tbo  ornitludo^^ist. ) 

fraiiitba  kinnli<iiii.  lIoY.  NkImihi.  Hull.  IIIh.  Mum.  Nut.  lllHt.,  Vol.  I,  No.  1,  187(1,  il,  Lake 
Michigan  (Coll. Dr.  Hoy) ;  .J.iuda.n,  I'm  .  Ac.  Nat. Sil.  riiilu.  1877, 04. 

2:Ue.  riaMDK.l  (ilUCIMSdleckcl). 

llvad  3J;  d«pth  5.  D.  VIII,  Hi;  A.  12.  Hody  ratbor  Hbmder,  fnHlfonn; 
prooptM'cidar  spino  niodtMutts  con<'«alfld.  Montb  ratbor  largu,  tbo  nnixii- 
lary  rtMiciiiu;;  to  tbu  inipil;  ))i'ctorals  roaobinj;  front  of  aual;  vontr.iN 
abont  to  voiit.  ('olor  oliva<'«'ons,  niottli'd,  iipprr  edgo  of  spinons  dorsal 
red  in  lilti.  Stroania  of  N«)W  Kii};land  and  Ni'W  York,  recorded  from  tribii- 
tarieH  of  tbe  Connuiticnt,  Lake  ('bani]>lain,  Ilndaon,  Delaware,  and  Sns- 
qnidianna;  (common;  probably  u  variable  form,  invlndinf;  several  of  |ii. 
Girard'H  nominal  species,  an  Dr.  W.  O.  Ayres  vigorously  iDHistud  in  IKIT), 
before  tb««  latter  bad  bern  deHcribed.     {{iraoilis,  sleinler.) 

Oiithii  pracilit,  IIkckki-,  Ann,  AVicn  Mas.,  n,  IHllO,  148,  New  York. 

Ciittii*  ijobio,  Ayhks,  llosl.-lour.  Nat.  HiHt,  V,   184.^  121. 

Uraniiiea  qmetcenn,  1)E  Kay,  New  York  Faunu;  FInIh-h,  01, 1842,  Lake  Pleasant,  Adiron 
dack  region,  New  York. 

CottuM  viteoius,*  Haldkman,  .Supiil.  Monjir.  liininoa,  3,  1840,  Susquehanna  River  (Coll. 
S.  S.  Ilalilcmnn);  Oikakd,  .Monouraiih  Cottoids,  51, 1851. 

Ootliis  gohioideit,\  (IniAKi),  I'roc.  Anicr.  Ashoc.  Adv.  Sci.  1850,  41,  auil  I,  c,  66,  Lamoille 
River,  Johnson,  Vermont      (Coll.  Uansoni  Colbert)).) 

Oottuaholeoidex,*  (iiKAHi),  I'ror.  Amor.  Ashoc,  Adv.  Sci.  1350,  41,  nnd  I.e.,  60,  Windsor,  Ver- 
mont (Coll.  Ed.  Cabot) ;  (il'NTllEU,  Cat.,  n,  l.'iO,  1««0. 

CottuM  copei,  AiiuoTT,  Troc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  I'liilu.  1801, 15,  uoloculity  glvou,  probably  New 
Jersey. 

CotHi»  urai'iUn,  Oirard,  Monograph  Cottoids,  40,1851. 

Vranidea  iimnlit,  .Jordan  &  Gii.HKRr,  .Synopsis,  099. 

Uranidea  viucota.  JoHnAN  iV  (in.iiKUT,  SynopHiH,  098. 

Vranidva  <it>bioide»,  .Torhan  &•  (lU.itEUT,  SynojJHiH,  009. 

Uranidea  boleoidin,  Jordan  &,  tin.UEUT, SyuopHis,  099. 


tiioFHui  low,  HDt^nuy  connecii'a  wiin  Heconii ;  pucioraiH  Hiiortor  than  licau,  rcncliuiK  hcc 
i  dorHnl.  Color  olivaccouH,  variccat«id,  tlic  HpinouH  dorsal  edged  with  orango  in  lilr 
I  mostly  barred.  Eastern  Pennsylvania  and  Alaryland,  in  tributuricu  of  the  Schuylkill 
iiiuelianna,  and  I'otonuu^  rivers;  uot  rare,  entering  caves. 


*  CotttiM  risconig  is  thus  rharaeteri/.ed  : 

Head  3i  in  Imigtb ;  dejilli43.  1).  VI,  18:  A.  12;  V.  I,  3.  Body  rather  stoat;  mnconsponn 
on  head  usually  numerous.  2^[outh  small;  nnixillary  reaching  middle  of  eye;  preoitercn 
lar  snine  acute,  extremely  short,  directed  obliquely  upward;  iHthmus  rather  narrow; 
tirst  dorsal  low,  slightly  connected  with  seccnid ;  pectorals  shorter  than  head,  reaching  sei 
ond  ( ....         . 

flns  1 
Susui 

t  Vottua  ijohioidet  is  thus  described : 

Heml  aj:  dei)th  4|.  1).  VII,  17;  A.  12.  Similar  to  Uranidea  fjradllt,  but  larger  ..i.d 
more  robust,  the  mouth  larger,  reaching  to  beyond  the  line  of  the  puj)!!,  and  tht^  pectorals 
Hhiirt,  not  (iiiite  reaching  aual;  preopercularspine  stout,  curved  Huddeuly  upward.  Leugtii 
4  inches.     Tributaries  of  Lake  Cha'Mplaiu.    (Girard.) 

tOotlu*  boleoider  is  thus  cbaracteri/ed : 

Head»^;  deptl.  5A.  1).  VIII  17;  A.  11.  Slender,  snbfnsifonn.  Month  rathflr  larjjo. 
the  maxillary  extendingto  opposite  the  jiupil ;  preopereiilar  spine  acute,  directed  oblii|iHly 
upwards;  isthmus  narrow.  Fins  larger  than  in  any  other  8])ecies;  pectorals  reaching; 
fourth  ray  uf  auaJ.    Luugth  3^  iuckus.    Couuecticut  Valley  iu  Venaont.    (Girard.) 


Jordan  and  /Cvrrniann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     IIHM) 


Ultl-I.  IIUIVIIIKA  FOItMOSA  (Oiraril). 

lioad  >i-  l>.  VIII-ir>;  A.  11;  V.  I,:i.  Itotly  HUMidor  mid  Krnnful;  hnid 
siiiall,  drpruHHi'd  a.itve;  *«yi«  iiindorittis  prropi'rnilur  Hpiau  Hhort,  Htoiit, 
:ii;iiti>,  <'iirvud  iipvviinl,  a  Htiiall  Hpiii»  Im-Iow  it;  Hiiliopi-rciilar  Hpinu  well 
ili-vi'lopud.  HoihuIh  \sv\\  Huparati>d;  anal  iM'jriiuiinjt  iiud<T  third  ray  of 
-lift  dorsal;  piitoralH  not  nachiii^  to  poHterior  iiiurj^ln  of  HpinoiiH  dornal; 
\>iitralH  not  nttarly  to  vent.  lien^tli  ^i  iiichcH.  Deep  water  in  l.ako 
Ontario,  ((tirard.)  A  doiibtrnl  HpocirH,  known  only  iVoin  I  nuitilattMl 
H|ieciai<-n,  tin- head  Nliortrr  than  in  Vr(tu'uUa  ijrmiVxt.     (j'ormimuit,  pretty.) 

t'oltu»  formoimt,  Oiiiaud,  MotioK-nph  (.'ottiiiilf*,  TiS,  185U,  Lake  Ontario  off  Oswego,  in 

Mouuu-Aiuf  hota  iiniriiloiia.    (Coll.  S.  I'  liiiinl.) 
I  ranidea /onnosa,  Jouuan  A  (iiuiKUT.  Synoimix,  U5S. 

2»tl.  rRAMDKA  IIUVI,  Putnam. 


1).  VT,  15;  A.  11;  V.  !,:<;  ('.12;  the  llrHt  dorsal  low  and  Hmal!,  J  as  hmj; 
i\n  Hot't  part,  and  ronnected  to  it  by  nicnibran*-.  Fins  all  low.  (iloy.) 
I'xMly  sniail,  rather  Hhort  and  tbiek,  the  depth  ubont  6^  in  leuf^th.  Head 
',)\  in  lon^rtb  to  base  of  candal.  Eyes  lar^re,  hijrh  up,  and  elose  tognther, 
;iliout  e(|util  to  Bnoiit,  :<ii  iu  bead,  3  tinius  thu  interorhital  space.  Mead 
rather  narrow  anil  contracted;  the  lower  jaw  narrowed  and  Hliphtly  pro- 
jecting. No  palatine  teeth;  maxillary  reaching  anteri(»r  border  of  eye, 
or  a  little  beyond.  I'reopt-rcular  Hpine  prominent,  sharp,  very  nearly 
straight,  directed  backward,  bnt  not  strongly  upward,  its  form  and  »lirec- 
tion  ])eculiar  in  this  genns.  lielow  this  is  another  shar)*,  promin<-ut  spine, 
also  nearly  straight,  directed  partly  downward;  one  or  2  minute  cou- 
n  iiled  spines  still  lower.  Isthmus  well  developed.  IN-ctoral  lins  long, 
longer  than  heatl,  r(>aching  beginning  of  anal;  ventral  tins  long,  reach- 
in;^  almost  to  vent.  Vent  midway  between  snout  and  base  of  caudal,  in 
the  fennile  farther  back,  owing  to  the  distended  abdomen.  Ventral  rays 
I.  ;<  (ou  one  side  of  oaidi  spocinn'U  apparently  I,  4 ;  perhaps  a  soft  ray  has 
Itccn  split).  Color  nearly  obliterated.  Lower  ])arts  jirofusely  punctate. 
Length  of  specimens  2,\  inches.  Lake  Michigan  in  deep  water.  Female 
s|i('('imen  taken  12  miles  olV  It'acine,  Wisconsin,  in  12  fathoms,  ,lnne  4, 1^<7.5, 
liy  Dr.  Hoy;  tln^  male  off  Milwaukee,  .linio  l.'>.  The  specimens  are  now  in 
li.iil  condition  from  rough  handling.  The  female  is  distended  with  ripe 
cl;i,'s,  so  that  the  width  of  the  body  is  ^  the  total  length.  This  species 
seems  to  be  quite  distinct  from  all  those  described  by  (Jirard.  The  pecul- 
iar characters  are  the  number  and  form  of  the  preopercular  spines,  the 
lontracted  mouth,  the  large  eyes,  the  small  size  of  the  body,  and  the 
length  of  the  ventral  tins.  The  characters  first  mentioned  are  the  most 
striking.     (Named  for  Dr.  I'hilo  R.  Hoy,  of  Racine.) 

Umnidea  hoyi  (Putnam  MS.)  Xei-son;  Bull.  Ill«.  Mas.  Nut.  Hist.,  Vol.  I,  No.  1,  1876.  41, 
Lake  Michigan  (Coll.  Pliilo  R.  Hoy) ;  .loimAN,  Man.  V<;rt.,  244, 1870;  JouuAN  \  VaA'V.- 
LAND,  JJuU.  Butr.  Soc.  Nat.  Hci.  1876, 41 ;  JoBUAN,  I'loc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbiln.  1877, 63 ;  Jou. 
DAN  Sc  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  700, 1883. 


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1970         Didlethi  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


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731.  MYOXOCEPHALUS  (Stellor)  TilcHiuf;. 

(GRKAT   SCIILPINS.) 

Myiixtieephnlus,  Stklleu  I<IS.  1741. 

Myuxoci'phnlui,  Tilesius,  Mom.  Acad.  Scl.  VoterHb.,  IV,  iSll,  273  («<«Hm). 
Acant'xicottKfi,  (iIKAKD,  I'roc.  liost.  Soi^Nat.  Hist.,  ill,  1841),  18.>  {grcenlamUcut). 
Coitus,  IM'TNAM,  Hull.  Man.  Coni|).  Zoul.,  1,  No.  1, '.',  18«;i  (tconiius). 
jioieneothii,  Oiix,  Vrw.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  IS.W,  100  {axillaris). 

Hody  slender  or  robust,  Hubfnsiforin,  covered  with  thick  skin,  in  wLidi 
are  soinetimcti  einl>edded  prickly  plates;  deciduous,  gninular,  or  siellattt 
tnlierclcs  i.l«o  somctimos  present,  but  no  true  scales.  Head  lar^e.  Moutli 
terminal,  large,  the  'ower  Jaw  always  incIndtHl,  the  uppermost  the  longci : 
villiform  teeth  on  the  Jiiwa  and  vomer,  none  on  the  palatines;  snborbital 
stay  strong;  prcopercle  with  2  strong  straight  spines  above  directed  back 
\var<l,  and  1  below  directed  downward  and  forward;  opercle,  nasal  bonos, 
orbital  rim,  and  shoulder  girdle  more  or  less  armed;  gill  membranes  t'orm- 
ing  a  fold  across  the  rather  narrow  isthnuis;  slit  behind  last  gill  small  or 
wanting,  if  present,  reduced  to  a  mere  pore;  vertobrai  about  28.  Bran- 
chiostcgals  mostly  6.  Dorsal  iins  2,  separate,  the  first  short,  its  spines 
rather  slender;  ventral  rays  I,  3;  caudal  fin  n>oderate,  fan-shaped;  pec- 
toral fin  broad,  its  low<»r  rays  procurrent.  Lateral  line  well  developed,  lis 
tubes  sometimes  provided  with  bony  or  cartilaginous  plates,  never  chain 
like  nor  reduced  to  separated  pores.  Species  numerous,  in  the  seas  of 
northern  regions;  coarse  fishes,  little  valued  as  food,  (jiivo^ds  the  doi- 
mouco;  «e0aAr),  head ;  the  allusion  not  evident). 

ACANTHOCOTTUS  (oKOVflo,  Bpilie ;  KOTTOS,  OottUS)  : 

a.  Top  of  head  covered  with  thin,  Binooth  skill,  havinsc  a  very  few  warty  prominences 
or  none,  and  not  hiding  the  bony  occipital  ridges;  lateral  line  cuntinuona,  willi 
concealed  cartilaginocs  ,ilatus;  Atlantic  speeie.s. 
h.  Lateral  line  with  regularly  arranged,  small  bony-keeled  plates,  most  distinct 
anteriorly;  no  stellate  tubercles;  a  small  cirrus  above  eye.    D.  VIII,  \'l; 
A.  9.  B'JBALis,  2.345. 

t)h.  Lateral  line  unarmed  or  with  concealed  cartilaginous  plates  or  with  prickles 
which  are  not  keeled  or  are  not  regularly  arranged, 
c.  Anal  tin  very  f  hort,  of  10  or  11  rays  only ;  dor.sal  rays  IX,  13  or  14;  upper 
preopercular  spine  short,  sharp,  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  next ; 
third  spine  directed  downward ;  no  slit  behind  latit  gill,     ^gnecs,  2;i46. 
cc.  Anal  iin  of  12  to  14  rays. 

(I.  Tipper  preopercular  spine  moderate,  about  as  long  as  eye,  and  about 
twice  length  of  next  spine. 
e.  Last  gill  arch  without  slit  or  pore.    D.  X,  17 ;  A.  12. 

scoBPioroKS,  2,147. 

ee.  Last  gill  arch  with  a  emiall  slit  or  pore  behind  it.    U.  X,  17: 

A.  14. 

/.  Intisrorbital  space  narrow,  Ig  in  eye  in  adult;  spinous  dor- 

fjal  low,  the  longest  spine  8  in  body.        scokpius,  2n4r'. 

ff.  Interorbital  spuce  broader,  as  wide  as  eye;  spinous  dorsul 

higher,  the  longest  spine  6  to  7  in  body. 

GHtENLANDICUS,  23411. 

dd.  I'pper  preoi)ercular  spine  very  'ong,  longer  than  eye,  recching  ti|i 
of  opercular  spine,  4  times  length  of  the  spine  below  it;  » 
sharp  po.stocular  spine,  and  a  similar  occipital  spine;  no  sill 
behind  last  gill.    D.  IX,  15 ;  A.  14.        OOTOUBCIHSPINOSUS,  2350. 


*^'JSiifif^.■l>ii'AV^;^Y■^l:;!>^^-,^,■i.*r;;t■vJ;,•^^^ 


',.  •.^»fti'j^:'iS-!<\^ii, 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1071 


s  eye,  and  about 


MYOXOCElMIAI-t"': 

rirt.  Top  of  heml  (covered  with  siimll  warty  proiniiinnct'H. 

(J.  Supraociiliir  Hi)ine  with  '1  or  3  <1i verging  (li){itiitc  ridgoH  lichiiid  it;  Hkin  of  top 

of  lit!!irt  tliin,  not  conocii lint;  Aw  bony  o<'(^i|>itaI  rhl){('»;  hit(>ral  lino  i^oiitiii- 

IIOI1H;   upper  preopt>ri-iihir  H])iiiit  Ioiik;   no  Hteiiatu  phitea  on  sides  bi'low 

lateral  line;  nisal  Hpint-s  Hliarp;  no  <virri  (jn 'kmuI. 

h.  DiHtanct)  from  supnxirbital  to  occipital   ir.:>«ri'ln  ai>oiit  equal  ti  spat^o 

between  supraorbital  tubercles;  anal  rays  uHually  12;  membrane  of 

maxillary  more  or  less  nioltlcil.  i'(ii.ya<}antiio(:i;i'hai,us,  2:ir>l. 

hh.  Distance  from  Hupraorbital  to  occijiital  tubcrelc  \\  timcH  the  diHtance 

between  Huitrao.-bital  tubercles;    head  very  long  and  tlat;  dor 'ds 

well  separated;  anal  rays  unually  14;  udult  with  round  rough  plates 

above;  thn.at  white;  membrane  of  maxillarv  unH]>otted. 

.)AnK.2;tr)2. 

jrflf.  Siipraocidar  spine  witlioiit  digitatt^  sjiincs  beliind   it;  prcopercular  spines 

Hhort. 

i.   ^Varts  on  top  of  head  not  endiug  in  cirri ;  nasal  spines  ,ind  (>ccipit;il  ridges 

not  wholly  concealed  in  the  thick  skin. 

j.  Skin  of  sides  of  back  in  adult  (covered  witli  round  stellate  tubercles; 

spines  of  preopercle  short,  more  or  less  hidden  in  the  skin. 

A;.  (^''Draocular  spine  blunt,  with  a  blunt  tuliercle  heliind  it,  the 

cirri  small  or  obsolete;  crests  moderate;  soft  dorsal  very 

long,  of  15  to  Jl»  rays.  VKiiuufosus,  235;i. 

kk.  Sapraooular  s]-inc  snuill,   l>lunt.  without  tubercle  behind  it; 

supraocular  and  occijiital  apim.'s  eacli  with  a  small  tlatcir- 

lus;  occipital  crest.s  very  low:  soft  dorsal  of  1.5  ot  16  rays. 

AXILLAIUS,  2354. 

jj.  Skin  of  back  and  sides  perfectly  Bmootli  (except  in  very  old  indi- 

vidt.  lis  which  ma.y  have  liidden  rough  jdates  below  the  lateral 

line). 

I.  Occipital  crests  very  low,  almost  concealed  by  the  thick  warty 

skin;    body  robust,  the  depth  4  in  length;   membrane  of 
upper  jaw  with  sharply  delined  black  spots;  throat  always 
spotted;  supru8ca]>idar  spine  sharp;  humeral  spine  obscure. 
?n.  S.  pale  bar  at  base  of  caudal  and  i  behind  anal. 

HTi-.LLERI,  2355. 

mm.  No  pale  bar  at  base  of  caudal  and  none  behind  anal. 

MEDNIU8,  2356. 

II.  Occipital  crests  strong,  the  space  between  them  concave,  tlie 

skin  thin  and  with  rather  few  warts;  bo<ly  rather  slender, 
the  depth  4^  in  length. 
n.  Sides  M-itn  round  white  spots.  Nivosus,  2357. 

ii.  Warts  on  top  of  head  numer-tus,  each  ending  iu  a  small  cirrus;  occipital 
crests  obsolete,  hidden  in  the  thick  skin ;  nasal  spines  also  hidden  in 
the  thick  skin ;  proopenuilar  spines  small,  almost  concealed,  the  sec- 
ond tubercle-like ;  spines  on  shoulder  girdle  obsolete ;  head  broad, 
mouth  large;  skin  entirely  smootli,  color  very  dark.         niqer,  2358. 


■•     I, 


Subgenus  ACANTHOCOTTUS,  (iirard. 

2»4r>.  MYOXOC'EPHAI.UN  BUBALIS  (Kuphrasen). 
(Father-lasher  :  Lucky  Proach.) 

H.'a(l2|^;  depth  3|.  D.  VTIl,  12;  A.  S);  vertebr.o  124-17.  Head  broad, 
drpressed,  covered  with  soft  skin,  in  which  are  mauy  imicou8  pores;  max- 
illary reaching  past  middle  of  orbit;  upper  preopercular  spine  straight, 


m 

■  iHil 
■■•.J  i 


N 


!  1 


1972         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


il 


K»  ■■    ■«&  .   If. 


Mligbtly  longnr  tban  eye;  opernilar  Hpinn  ^raiiultitod  at  huso;  Hiiiall  cirri 
abovr  »'y«(  ami  cisewbero  on  bead,  iiHiially  1  on  end  of  niaxillnry;  cra- 
nial hones  nioHtly  covered  by  skin;  lateral  line  witb  some  bony  plates, 
wbicb  are  most  distinct  anteri(n"ly,  tbese  very  ninch  smaller  than  in 
Kno\>Ur\jn  hison,  but  soniewbat  similar  in  strnctnre;  interocnlar  space  very 
narrow,  its  ridges  crontinnin);  backward,  serrated,  each  ending  iii  a  shai]> 
spine;  no  trace  of  slit  behind  last  gill;  spinous  dorsal  low;  anal  small: 
pectorals  reacbinji;  front  of  anal;  ventrals  moderate  Colors  variegated, 
the  «tark  markings  sometimes  rod,  corresponding  to  the  line  of  re<l  aljiic. 
Coasts  of  northern  Europe;  abnndant  in  rock  pools;  said  to  stray  tn 
Greenland,  bnt  there  is  no  snre  evidence  of  its  occurence  in  any  Ameri- 
can waters.  Liitken  refers  the  (jrecnlaud  records  to  M.  acorpixa.  (Kn.) 
{fiovfiaXii,  bnft'alo.) 

Ootttis  buhali*,  Eupiihasen,  KiiNO.  Vet.  Nj'a  Abhniidl.  1786,  05,  Taf.  3,  flg.  2,  3,  Sveden; 

(JOnthek,  Cut.,  II,  104;   Day,  FIhIi.  Gt.  Brit.  Irdaiul,  Dl,  1880;  .Iokdan  \.  Giliiekt, 

(Synopsis,  701 ;  Hean,  Troc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mtia.  188j5,  166. 
Oottua  maculalut,  Fischek,*  Jaliili.  Wisseii.scli.  Aiist.,  Sanihurg,  ii, 78,  taf. 2,  flg.  8,  l«sr>, 

Barbados. 

2S46.  MYOXO('EPIIALi:.S  F.SV.VH  (Mltcliill). 
(GRuniiY.) 

Head  2J;  depth  4.  D.  IX,  13  or  14;  A.  10  or  11;  V.  I,  3.  Head  ratlici 
broad,  covered  witb  smooth  thin  skin;  ud  cirri;  a  few  very  small  warls 
between  occipital  ridges;  maxillary  2^  in  head,  reaching  to  Jnst  beyond 
pnpil ;  sn])7aocnlar  and  occipital  ridges  prominent,  each  with  a  low,  bliml- 
ish  spine;  the  region  between  the  snpraocnlar  spines  rather  convex,  tlic 
space  before  and  behind  it  concave;  nasal  spines  moderate;  upper  pn- 
opercnlar  spine  shorter  than  eye,  nearly  twice  length  of  next  spine,  about 
reaching  middle  <»f  opcrcle.  Lateral  line  complete;  «>ach  pore  with  a  con- 
cealed cartilaginons  plate,  scattered,  concealed  asperities  on  skin  of  sides; 


*Coiicerniiij^  the  identity  of  Oottus  maculatua,  Fischer,  with  Acanthocottus  hxihaU*,  Dr. 
Tarleton  U.  Bean  has  the  loUowin^;  pertinent  remarks: 

"In  a  recent  extract  from  tlie  annals  ol'tho  Scientific  Association  of  Hamburg,  Dr.  .1. 
G.  Fisolier  lias  described  and  figured  a  species  of  Cottug  from  Barbados.  The  anoniiily 
of  finding  a  s]iecios  of  this  genus  witliin  tlie  tropics  induced  me  to  examine  the  descrii- 
tion  very  carefully,  to  aseertiiin,  if  posHil>lo,  the  source  of  Dr.  Fischer's  specimen.  'I'lirii^ 
is  no  reasonable  douitt  tliat  tlie  type  of  liis  new  species  is  tlio  common  Father-lnslier  ol 
Europe,  and  it  is  a  source  of  woiirlcr  that  the  species  should  have  been  misinterjirctril. 
After  a  study  of  our  examples  of  Coitus  hubalis  from  Berg«^nand  Christiania.  inNorwiiy, 
and  T.tads,  Kngland,  I  have  no  liesitation  in  stating  that  tlicy  agree  perfectly  with  I  In' 
desuriptiou  and  figure  of  Cottxit  maevlatua.  In  some  unknown  way  tlio  locality  ol'  D". 
Fischer's  specimen  has  been  incorrectly  given,  and  thus  the  descnlier  of  tlie  suppnsi d 
new  species  has  been  com]detely  misled.  The  differential  characters  claimed  liy  Dr. 
Fisi'her  for  Cottun  niaeulatna  do  not  serve  at  all  to  separate  Ium  species  from  €.  Inihnlis. 
The  arrangement  and  numlier  of  the  s]iines  on  the  preoperculum  are  prc<;isely  the  .s.iiimi 
in  onr  examples  of  (Oottua  hvhalia  as  rei)resented  in  the  liguro  of  O.  uiaeulatva.  The  \  en- 
traland  p(M'.t.oral  are  not  hmger  in  our  s]iecimons  than  they  are  made  to  appear  in  the  lii;- 
ure  of  tlu;  alleged  new  species.  The  notion  seems  to  have'got  abroad  among  the  Euro)ir:in 
ichthyologists  that  Nortli  America  is  a  comparatively  benighted  aiul  barbarous  count ly, 
whose  natural  history  is  still  in  its  infancy;  it  is  perliaps  owing  to  this  impres.sion  tlifit 
wo  are  startled  by  information  concerning'  the  supposetl  occurrence  of  Cottun  witliiii  the 
tropics,  and  of  a  spe(;ics  ef  Platyccphalua  in  the  Potomac  River.  (Plati/ceplialiin  ameri- 
canun,  Sauvage,  Nouv.  Archiv.  Amis.  (2),  pi.  2,  fig.  3  (head  <mly).  Potomac Kiver.)  Ourcdiii- 
nion  little  Cuttu*  a>neus  of  Mitehill  has  alsolnsen  redescribed,  from  a  New  York  specimen, 
under  the  name  of  Cottua  (Aeanthocflttua)  anceps.  (Cottu*  (Aeanthoeottun)  aneej>.i,  Siiii- 
vage,  Nouv.  Archiv.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  Paris  (2),  1, 1878,  p.  145,  id.  1,  fig.  13.)  As  agoneral  nili' 
it  will  be  safe  to  intrust  the  novelties  of  tisli  distriliution  in  our  country  to  its  residiiit 
iehthyologiats." 


nn. 


Jordan  and  llvcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      11)73 


le;  ninall  cirri 
axillary;  crii- 
l»ony  plates, 
nailer  than  in 
lar  space  very 
ing  ill  a  Hilar) > 
r ;  anal  Hniall: 
rs  variegiitfd, 
e  of  red  alyir. 
«1  to  stray  to 
in  any  Amcri- 
orpiits.    (En  ) 

Ig.  2,  3,  Sveden; 
DAN  &.  GujiEin. 

taf.2,  flj;.  8,  l«s;,, 


Head  ratlior 
y  small  wai  In 
0  jnst  beyond 
lalow,  blinit- 

ir  convex,  tlio 
>;  upper  prc- 
i  spine,  about 
■with  a  <'oii- 
lin  of  sides; 

ttut  huhalit,  l)i'. 

iiinbnrg,  Dr.  ■! . 

The  aiH)iii;il_v 
ino  th(!  tli'siTii"- 
>eciuien.  Tlitir 
'ather-lnalier  ol 

isinterjircfcd. 
Ilia.  inNorwiiv, 
'oetly  with  I  he 
locality  of  J)-. 
(  the  sinniiis!  it 
laiiiu'd  iiy  Ur. 
■0111  €,  hi'ihiilif. 

scly  t!io  s;iim^ 
tvg.  T\w  \cii- 
pPKr  in  till)  li:;- 

gtlHiElirOpCMII 

aroiis  count ly, 
iiprcHsioii  that 
ttm  within  llin 
'plialim  ameri- 
vcr.)  Ourciini- 
ork  speciiiicii, 
i)  anee))s,  !>;m- 
»  a  general  I'ldi' 
to  its  resiili'Ut 


dorsal  BpinoH  rathnr  low,  higher  than  the  soft  rays;  pectorals  reaching 
.iiiiil;  no  traco  of  slit  behind  last  gill,  (iravish  olive,  ninch  variegated 
with  darker;  no  tlistiuct  paler  spots;  Itack  and  sides  with  broad,  dark, 
iirojriilar  bars;  all  the  tins  barred;  niiindible  niottb'd;  thmat  and  belly 
pale;  nienibraue  of  nia.xiUary  unspottod.  i^en^th  6  to  S  inches.  Coast  of 
Noiithern  New  Knglaiul  and  New  Y'ork;  our  smallest  spt-cies;  comn.-on  in 
s.'iiwreda  near  shore,  but  having  a  very  narrow  range.     («■»»<■««,  brassy.) 

('"/N(,v«;m<'i<#, Mrrciili.l.,  TrnuH.  Lit.aiul  I'liil.  Soc.  N.  V.,  i,  1H15,  181,  New  York;  GooDK  &. 

Uban,  ItuU.  KsHex  Inst.,  xi,  111,  1870;  Joudan  iV  Gii.iikkt,  Syno|>HiH,  7U1!. 
(  dHiih  seorpio,  MncHli.i.,  Trims.  Lit.  and  I'iiil.  See.,  I,  1815,  ;i«l,  New  York. 
CiittuH  mUchilli,  CuviKU  A;  Valkni  ihnnes.  Hist.  Nat.  I'»in.>*.,  iv,  188,  18"J9,  New  York  ;  alter 

Cottus  Morino,  MlTCiiii.i.:  (!r'NTiiEii,  Cat.  Fish.,  ii,  104. 
(  nltiis  {Aeanthoenttu/i)  ancepn,  Sauvaue,  Noiiv.  Archiv,  Mus.  I'aiin.  ('.'),  1,  187H,  U6.  jd.  I, 

tig.  i:t,  New  York. 
Vuttun  nitjricans,  Le  SUEUn,  in  Vaiu.ant,  Bull.  .Soc.  Philoni.,  nerio  8,  tome  vin,  No.  1, 189&, 

12;  uo  locality,  with  unpublished  piute  of  Le  SUEUlt,  1810. 

2347.  MVOXOCEPHAMS  SCOKPIOIDKK  (KabrhiuH). 

(AKCTK;  SCl'LMN.) 

Head  3;  depth  4i.  D.  IX  or  X,  17;  A.  12;  V.  I,  3;  lateral  lino  3«.  Body 
stoiitish,  tail  sh>ndt>r.  Head  moderate,  not  depressed;  Jaws  short,  tlie 
maxillary  reaching  middle  of  the  large  eye;  lower  jaw  inclndi'd;  top  of 
liead  concave  between  the  2  occipital  ridges;  these  very  low,  with  obtuse 
tubercles  instead  of  spines,  these  ending  each  in  a  small  tentacle,  which 
is  often  obsolete;  preopercnlar  spines  3,  short,  the  tipper  o«inal  to  eye; 
tlio  second  about  A  as  bmg,  the  lower  <lirected.  downward;  opercular 
s])ine  obscure;  a  short  humeral  and  a  short  suprascapular  spine;  nasal 
s])iiies  sharp;  top  of  head  with  smooth  skin.  Skin  nearly  smooth,  some- 
times a  few  warts  above  lateral  line.  Isthmus  narrow,  the  fold  across 
it  very  narrow;  no  trace  of  slit  or  pore  behind  last  gill.  Dorsal  lins 
slightly  Joined,  the  spines  slender;  pectorals  reaching  past  front  of 
anal.  Coloration,  dark  olive,  finely  mottled  with  ptiler;  lins  dusky,  with 
paler  spots;  anal  with  2  oblique  dark  bars;  a  pale  blotch  at  base  of  caudal. 
A I  otic  regions  of  America;  Greenland  and  neighboring  waters;  common 
about  Disco  Bay,  from  which  locality  we  have  numerous  specimens, 
ifceived  from  Prof.  D'Arcy  W.  Thompson  (Coll.  Lohmann).  {6Kopitio^, 
Hiorpiua;  sFdo?,  likeness.) 

Ciitfus  »eorpitnde$,  Fabricius,  Fauna  Ormnl.,  157,  1780,  Greenland  ;  T^ean,  Bull.  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mu8.,  XV,  122;  Jordan  &  Oilbket,  Synopsis,  702;  L1;t.vEN,  Ait.  Viilensk.  Med- 

dels.  K,iobenh.,  12, 1870. 
Cuttus  paehypus,*  GOnther,  Cat.  F'.sh.,  ii,  161,  1860,  Port  Leopold.     (Haslar  Coll.) 


*  Cottus  paehypus,  G(5ntheb,  is  thus  described : 

"D.  IX,  16;  A.  12  to  14.  Two  small  spines  above  the  snout,  an  abtuse  one  above  each 
orhlt,  and  a  ]>air  of  obtuse  prominences  on  th'^  occiput>.  The  impression  on  the  crown 
Imronies  narrower  posteriorly,  and  is  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Three  preopercnlar 
spines,  2  of  which  are  at  the  angle;  the  upper  is  the  longest,  its  length  being  equal  to  the 
iliiuneter  of  the  eye,  but  less  than  the  width  between  the  orbits.  The  height  of  the  first 
(Icirsal  is  somewhat  more  than  the  length  of  the  maxillary  bone;  the  ventral  terminates  at 
11  i;reat  distance  from  the  vent,  and  the  pectoral  does  not  reach  to  the  anal.  Skiu  above 
the  lateral  Una  with  smooth  warts.  Brownish,  spotted  with  darker  (colors  faded).  .  Port 
Leopold. 

'•  bescriptioii  of  the  specimen:  The  greatest  height  of  the  body,  in  front  of  the  dorsal, 
is  1^  in  the  total  length;  its  greatest  width,  behind  the  pectorals,'4  times.    The  tail  tapers 


■;,i 


'h\ 


1974 


liullitin  /7,  ("nifcd  Stafcs  A'atioiia/  MiiscNni. 


'j:(4H.  MYOXiM  KIMIAIJS  StOKI'llIS  (Liuiiiimih). 


r» 


(Kl'UOl'EAN    Scl'l.l'IN;    fl.Kl:.) 

TI«'a<l  ;iA ;  dopUi  A\.  I>.  X,  1(5;  A.  II.  (Jriicnil  cliaiiictois  «»f  .Vyom 
veithaUis  jiriiHlan(li('»8,  Iroin  which  it  <liir«iH  cliiclly  in  tlic  Hiimlit'i"  hIzc,  tlif 
narrower  iiitnorhital  space,  which  in  ^'  ilisiiiiutcr  of  eye.  ami  in  the  hnvi  i 
s]iinoiiH  (iorsjil,  the  hi}j;hest  npines  >»einf;  ahout  i  the  hMi;;tii  to  ))aseof(;iM 
ihii;  poro  beliind  hist  jfill  usnaliy  very  siniiH,  hut  evident.  Dark  oliviic(  - 
ons,  luottlud  witli  ]»aler;  tins  dusky,  witli  ]»ah'r  Hpots.  N<»rthern  Enrtt|ii 
and  Arctic  rejjions,  not  common  on  our  coasts;  rec<»rded  hy  Dr.  Liitki  w 
from  tile  ]{altic,  Finland,  Spit/.bergen,  New  Zemlda,  coasts  of  Enf;Iaiicl. 
jind  \orthorn  Asia;  recorded  from  Eastport,  Maine.  (En.)  {^HOfjnin-. 
scorpion,  the  root  of  our  word  Hcul])in.) 

rika.  LiNN^aTs,  Iter  S(nud.,;i2r). 

Oottun  gcorpiim,  Linn.kis,  Syst.  Nat.,  Kd.  x,  2(>5,  IT'iS,  nftor  It;  r  Sciiiul.:  (K^NTHKii,   Cm. 

Fishes,  n,  IS'J I  Ukan,  Hull.  U.  S.  Niil.  Miis.,  xv,  llfi;   .Iohuan  it  Giuieht,   Syiii(|is|,, 

702;  LlLLJiuoRci,  SveriKes  ocli  Norj^OH  Fiskiir,  l.'i5, 1891. 


•hi 


i 


i  t 


2349.  MYOXO«'El'IIALlS  0I{(K>LAM>1(  IS  (Ciivkr  \   Valoncicuiies). 

(Daddy  Soi'i.i'in.) 

Head  2.};  depth  t.}.  I).  X,  17;  A.  14;  V.  I,  3;  P.  18.  Head  larfre.  V.y 
larfje,  equal  to  least  int*'rorliital  width  (in  specimens  a  foot  lonj;).  Monili 
larfj;e,  tlu^  lower  Jaw  included;  maxillary  reaching  posterior  ed};e  of  orliit 
2^  in  head;  the  su^iraorbital  and  occipital  spines  1>lunt,  tuhercle-liko,  with 
out  cirrus;  a  small  tubercular  spine  on  front  of  occipital  ridge;  upper 
preopercular  spiiu'  short,  (Uily  reaching  the  midtlle  of  oiuTcular  spine,  its 
hiugth  equaling  eye,  not  twice  that  t)f  the  spine  below  it;  opercular  spine 


much  posteriorly,  and  its  lioight,  b<^fo^e  the  caudal,  in  21  ttiiie8  in  the  total  length.  I  lio 
head  is  niddurately  l>road  and  depressjMl.  its  length  i.s  ilS  in  the  total.  The  olet'l  ol'  ilio 
iiioii'h  is  moderate,  the  nnixillary  reaching  to  the  vertical  from  the  center  of  the  eye;  (lie 
snout  is  not  very  obtuse,  and  the  upper  Jaw  slightly  overhangs  the  lower;  there  is  a  ii;iii' 
of  small  spines  above  the  snout.  TIk*  space  between  the  eyes  is  slightly  concave,  anil  its 
width  rather  more  thiin  the  hori/.ontal  diameter  of  the  eyes;  there  is  an  obtuse  ])rotul)t'r- 
ance  above  the  posterior  angle  of  the  orbit,  fron^  which  a  slight  ridge  iiroceeUs  tot  lie 
occipital  protuberance ;  the  latter  is  very  little  itrimiinent,  and  furnished  with  snuill  skiiniy 
tentacle.  The  impression  between  t  hese  2  pairs  of  protuberances  is  shallow,  and  becoinc's 
narrower  posteriorly,  l)eiug  nearly  twice  as  long  as  liroad.  The  preoperculum  is  ariiu'd 
with  3  spuies,  2  of  which  are  ojtjuisite  the  infraorbital,  tiie  third  being  situated  iil  tin' 
inferior  extremity  of  the  bone,  pointing  downward.  Thesiiboperculiim  has  a  single  spine 
anteriorly,  directed  downward;  throat  without  sjiines.  The  spinous  dorsal  begins  :ii  ;i 
distance  from  the  head  which  is  rather  less  than  the  length  of  the  impression  ol  thr 
crown;  it  is  not  continuous  with  the  soft.  The  fourth  spine  is  the  longest,  its  leiifjih 
being  somewhat  less  than  that  of  themaxillarv  bone,  anna  little  less  than  that  of  iiir 
ninth  ray.  The  caudal  has  the  posterior  margin  slightly  convex,  and  its  length  is  G.\  in 
the  total.  The  anal  is  formed  by  12  rays,  and  bi'gins  in  the  vertical  from  the  tifth  dorsiil 
ray,  and  terminates  a  little  before  the  opposite  (in:  its  height  equals  that  of  the  sjiiiioiis 
dorsal.  The  pectoral  is  composed  of  10  simjile  rays,  and  reaches  to  the  vent,  'whieli  is 
situated  nearly  in  the  middle  of  the  total  length.  The  root  of  the  veutrals  falls  lieliind 
that  of  the  pectoral;  they  terminate  at  a  great  distance  from  the  vent,  and  are  coniimsicl 
of  1  spine  and  3  rays.  I'he  sjiine  is  eiivelojieii  in  the  same  membrane  witli  the  tirst  i;i\  : 
the  middle  ray  is  the  longest,  liat  and  compressed  like  the  iuterior.  The  lateral  liiii'  is 
continued  to 'the  caudal,  and  is  composed  of  elongate  bony  tubes,  38  in  number.  'I'his 
specimen  is  nearly  entirely  smooth,  exhibiting,  however,  some  flat  and  smooth  w;iii- 
aoove  the  lateral  lino ;  it  is  a  female.  The  young  specimen  ditfers  from  the  adult  om  iii 
having  14  anal  rays.  The  colors  have  somewhat  faded ;  the  u]iper  parts  an!  brown,  with 
some  darker  sj)()ts;  the  ])ectoral.  dorsal,  and  <-aiidal  rtiis  a]ipear  to  have  been  spotted,  ilie 
spots  Ijeing  arranged  in  bauds;  the  lower  i>art  of  the  sides  with  several  white  spots." 


Jordan  and  Ever  tHivni, — /'isJus  of  xXort/i  .Inuriia.     1075 


.)     {^Hopniii.. 


^Iiai'i);  iiiiHiil  Hpiiies  slijirp;  siipraHcitpuliir  H|)iii<>  ratlicr  ntiun^,  HlxirtiHli. 
<u\e»  of  iMMly  almvr  lateral  lino  witli  a  HcricH  ••ffiiilu'tMcd  prickly  platt-H, 
iiolow  which  art*  niiiiivroiiH  st-attntil  spiiicHaiKl  pritklcs.  Dorsal  ami  anal 
liiiH  hifrh;  spinous  and  Hott  dorsals  alxxit  i-qual  in  iicight,  their  hcij^ht 
iMoro  than  4  h'Uf;th  of  body;  vcntrals  lony;  pt-rtoralH  about  reaching  vunt. 
Dark  hrown  ahovf,  with  Inoad  darker  Itars;  below  yellowish,  the  belly  in 
theinale  witli  lar^e  pale  spots;  back  and  top  of  head  with  ;;;rayisliblotclies; 
liiiH  brown  and  ytdlow,  all  of  them  spotted  and  barred.  Sexual  dif- 
lon-nees  larjfe,  the  males  iinn-e  brightly  colored;  the  round  white  spots 
^IroiiKly  nuirked,  the  females  with  ronj^h  crests  on  tin-  h«'ad.  Length  U5 
iiichos.  New  York  to  (Jreenland,  common;  one  of  the  largest  sculpins. 
Here  (h'scribed  from  specimens  from  Cap»»  Cod.  Very  close  t<»  Myoxo- 
,i'f)ha\u8  HCorpittH,  which  it  replaces  on  our  coast  and  of  which  Dr.  Liitken 
regards  it  as  a  variety.  Lilljiborg  regards  tin*  2  as  identical,  a  view  not 
unlikely  correct.  According  to  Knsigu  II.  G.  Dresel,  M.  uraulaiKliviiH 
(lifters  from  J/.  Brorpiim  (1)  in  its  larger  size;  (2)  in  thegr«'atcr  interorbital 
wiilth  whicli  in  M.  acorplits  seldom  exceeds  |  of  the  longest  diameter  of 
I  lie  eye;  and  (If)  in  the  higher  spinous  dorsal,  tin*  hmgcst  dorsal  spine  in 
.1/.  granhtndicxs  being  contained  .'">  to  0  times  in  the  total  length  of  the 
caudal  base,  while  iu  M.  scorpiun  it  is  contained  as  mach  as  7  to  8  times  in 
the  same  h'Ugth. 

According  to  Fabricins  this  species  is  abundant  "iu  all  the  bays  and 
inlets  of  Greenland,  bntpn'fersa  stony  coast  clothed  with  seaweed.  It 
iipproaches  the  shore  in  spring  and  departs  iu  winter.  It  is  very  voracious, 
preying  on  everything  that  comes  iu  its  way,  and  pursuing  incessantly 
the  smaller  lish,  not  sparing  the  young  of  its  own  species,  and  devouring 
(Tustacea  and  worms.  It  is  very  active  and  bold,  but  does  not  c(une  to  the 
surface  unless  it  bo  led  thither  in  pursuit  of  other  fish.  It  spawns  iu 
December  and  January,  and  deposits  its  red-colored  roe  on  the  seaweed. 
It  is  easily  taken  with  a  bait,  and  constitutes  the  daily  food  of  the  Green- 
landers,  who  are  very  fond  of  it.     They  eat  the  roe  raw."' 

Ac«'ording  to  Liitken,  the  (ireenhind  Scul[)iu  (firanhnKHcus)  is  not  sepa- 
rated from  acorpiim  by  any  chara«ter  trenchant  or  constant.  In  Gre-Jidand 
it  inhabits  slight  depths  up  to  12  fathoms ;  the  yotmg  iu  40  to  100  fathoms. 
There  is  great  variation,  especially  in  tin  rays.  In  counting  extreme  cases 
both  forms  have  the  ftdlowiug  range:  D.  IX  to  XI,  11  to  19;  P.  15  to  lit;  A. 
lltolB.  Nonually,  however,  th«<  range  is  D.  X,  10  or  17;  P. 17;  A.13orl4. 
\'ertebr!e  usually  14:-f25=39,  in  a  rare  case  13-{-23— 36.  Pyloric  cieca  8, 
rarely  10  or  11. 

Ciitttig  scorpivs,  FABRlCirs,  Fauna  rrro>nlau(Uca,  156, 1780,  Greenland. 

'  oltu*  gnetilandicm,  Cuvikk  &.  Valknciennes,  Hist.  Xat.  I'oIhh.,  iv,  156, 1829,  after  FAniii- 

cius;  GCnthek,  Cat.  Fish.,  n,  161,  I860;  GoooK  k  Bean,  Bull.  Khsox  Inst.,  xi,  i;t,  1879. 
Cottua  tcorphu  granlandieus,  LUtken,  Vid.  Mcdd.  K.jiili.,  I'.*,  1876;  .Iokdan  &  Gilbert, 

Synopsis,  703 ;  Duesel,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mii.-.  1884,  S.Vj. 
Cottus  poroitu,  CuvuiB  .t  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vni,  498 ,  1831,  Bafiins  Bay. 

(Coll.  Gu6don  and  Ducrost.) 
.Icanthocottits  inucostu,  Ayrks,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  1854, 12. 
Ananthoeottus  variabilig,  GlRAHl),  Boston  Joiiru.  Nut.  Uiat.,  vi,  1850,  248;  D.  II.  Sl'ORER, 

Hist.  Fish.  Mass.,  26. 


MiSiMm 


1976  liulletin  y/,  i  nitcd  States  National  Museum. 


Acai>thoeottut  oeellatut,  11.  U.  Siobkic,  Host.  iToiirn.  Nut.  IliHt.  \ti!W,  253 ;  main. 
CoUuM  ijlaeialis,  Kiciiakd.hi'.n,  in  Hki-ciikii,  I.imt  Arctlii  Voya^K  II.  M.  S.  Asslntdiict',  lH.';i 
App.  3,  i>l.  '.*4,  Northumberland  Sound.    (Coll.  Sir  Edwtutl  KelcUor.) 

2»60.  MYOXOrEPILiU'S  O0TOI>KriMMPI>-OMrN  (Mitclilll). 

(LON'l-SIMNED  Sori.I'IN.) 

Ile.Kl  21;  depth  5A.  D.  IX,  15;  A.  14;  V.  I,  ;J.  Hody  very  slender,  tiijui 
iii^  backward  to  the  lon^  iind  Hh-iidor  fiiiithil  prduncle.  Mead  liin^r.iiiil 
iiairow ;  month  nioderatf,  the  lower  Jaw  iiiuludtMl ;  nia.xillary  not  t-xtendin.; 
past  eye,  2^^  in  head.  Ifitpcr  preoper«-nlar  spine  extremely  lon^,  lon;;,.|. 
than  in  any  other  Hpecies  of  the  ;;*'nna,  3^  in  head ;  longer  than  eye,  extnnl- 
in^  to  or  beyond  tip  of  opervniar  npine,  its  length  more  than  4  times  tlmi 
of  the  short  spine  below  it;  third  spine  tnrned  downward;  nasal  H|>iiit's 
strong;  a  strong  spine  at  upper  posterior  margin  of  orbit  directed  npwanl 
and  Imc'kward;  occiidtal  ridges  long,  low,  converging  behind,  oa<;hen<IiiiM 
in  a  similar  spine,  sharp  and  direct*>d  backward;  a  single  shiirp  supni- 
scupular  sjtine;  a  sharp  spine  on  shtmlder  girdle  at  tip  of  the  sliiir|i 
opercular  spine;  the  usual  downward-directed  si>ines  on  proopercle  ami 
subopercle.  Vertex  nearly  Hat,  bounded  by  low  ridges.  No  cirri  on  luiid ; 
skin  of  head  smctoth.  Eye  very  large,  as  l«»ug  as  snout,  4^  in  head,  uiik  h 
wider  than  the  concave  interorbital  s]>ace.  8kin  without  rough  tubercles ; 
lateral  line  with  a  series  of  partly  concealed  cartilaginous  ]:late8.  Dorsal 
Hns  well  separated;  spinous  dorsal  higher  than  soft  d«>rsal,  the  sitincs 
strong,  the  longest  nearly  I  hea^l ;  pectorals  reaching  anal ;  ventrals  not 
to  vent ;  no  trace  of  slit  behind  last  gill.  Olivaceous,  with  4  obscure  trans- 
verse dark  bars,  paler  below;  (ins  barred  and  mottled;  Jaws  unspotted; 
lower  side  of  head  plain  white ;  belly  white.  Length  about  a  foot.  Atlan- 
tic coast,  from  Labrador  south  to  Virginia,  common  about  Cape  Cod;  a 
strongly  marked  species,  easily  known  by  its  long  spine  and  by  the  sliai  p 
spine  at  the  occiput,  there  being  18,  really  20,  distinct  spines  about  ilic 
head.     (oc/odm»«,  eighteen;  «/jJno8««,  spined.) 

Sy,orpius  virginianua,  Willpghby,  Hist.  Pise,  App.,  25,  pi.  10,  flg.  15  (non binomial). 
Cottv*  octodeeimtpinosus,  MiTCiiiLL,  Trans.  Lii  and  Phil.  Soc.  N.  Y.,  i,  1815, 380,  New  York ; 

(UlNTHER,  Cat.,  n,  163. 
Gottua  virginianua,  SToxEir,  Ropt.  Fish.  Mass.,  18, 1838,  coast  of  eastern  Massachusetts ; 

1)e  Kay,  New  York  Fauna:  Fishes,  51,  pi.  .5,  Hj;.  13,  1842;  JouUAN  &  Ou.iiEiir,  Svimp 

sis,  701, 1883 ;  GiRAKD,  Proc.  Best.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ni,  187. 
Acanthocottus  virginia7ius,  Stoueb,  Hist.  Fish.  Mass.,  28,  pi.  -1,  tig.  2, 1807. 


S:i^ 


I 


Subgenus   MYOXOCEPHALUS. 

S851.  MYOXOCEPHALUS  POLYAVANTHOOEPHALUS,  Pallas. 

(Great  Sculpin;  Kaixkj.) 

Head  2i;  depth  4J.  D.  IX  or  X,  13  to  16;  A.  11  to  13.  Body  ratln  r 
elongate.  Head  long  and  narrow,  somewhat  compressed,  concave  betwr(  n 
the  orbits,  the  orbital  rim  being  elevated;  lower  jaw  included;  nasal 
spines  strong ;  a  strong  ridge  above  eye,  Avitha  blunt,  compress^'d  spine 
behind  it;  behind  this  a  small  digitate  cluster  of  ridges  ending  in  Inw 


■  \   i«;f»i?i'>  ■M-viii-i'--i^:.Vf«Lf 


>  i 


Jordan  and  Evcrniann. — Fishes  of  North  .Inierira.      1077 

s|iiin'H;  bchiinl  tlieHr  iiii  irn-jjiilar  lirokcii  ridj?"'  oiioaoh  sidf  of  tlu"  vertex, 
(  \ti'ii«lin;;  to  tbit  occiput;  outHidc  of  thia  niiotlsor  ru^^^i'd  ridgr;  siibo' 
hital  Mtiiy  strong,  Htriute;  upprr  prcoiMTfiilar  spiiio  very  lon^J,  Hfraijjh*, 
Minplo,  striuto  at  basr,  lunger  thau  <-y«;  h  niiiiilar  but  Hhortrr  spint'  bflow 
ii,  not  i  as  long,  and  the  usual  downward-directed  spine  at  lower  edge  of 
|ireopercle  and  Hiiboperde;  opercular  Hpine  moderate.  >Skin  of  top  of 
licad  thin,  with  Hmall,  aniooth  wartn,  not  hiding  the  occipital  ridgca;  no 
I  irri.  Montli  rather  largo,  the  maxillary  reaching  beyond  eye,  ^  length  of 
lii'ad;  akin  of  body  with  Home  Hcattered  rough  tubercleH,  usually  nearly 
smooth.  Dorpals  not  very  liigh;  dorsal  8i)iue8  sh-nder;  pectorals  reaching 
iinal;  ventruls  moderate,  1,3.  A  minute  pore  usuall^' present  behind  last 
L:ili,  this  sometimes  wholly  wanting.  Lateral  line  complet*^  Dark  olive 
aliove,  much  variegated  with  darker  and  reddish;  belly  mostly  whitish; 
HJilesaud  b«dly  (in males)  with  numcrouH  blackish  reticulations  surround- 
iiii;-  large  ronnd  white  spots ;  Jaws  dusky,  motth'<l  with  whitish ;  membrane 
joining  maxillary  to  preorbital  black,  with  ronnd  white  spots  in  the  adult, 
more  or  less  ])lain  in  the  young;  lins,  all  but  the  veutrals,  mottled  and 
Itiirred  with  blackish  and  yellowish.  Length  \K  to  2^  feet.  Alaska  to 
l\:imehatka;  abundant  throughout  Hering  Sea,  and  sonthw »r<l  along  the 
JMliinds  to  Puget  Sound;  oneof  the  largest  scnlpius  and  every  wh<'ro  familiar 
to  llshermen.  Dr.  (iilbert  found  it  abundant  about  Unalaska  and  in  Itris- 
tol  Hay.  Mr.  Scotiold  found  it  at  Chignek  Harbor,  and  wo  obtaiu<-d  it 
iiliout  the  Pribilof  *  and  Conunander  Islands  and  at  Potropaulski.  (flro/lf  s, 
iiiMiiy;  rtxavOar,  spine;  uEilxxA.}),  head.) 

Villus  pohjaeanthocephalnt,  Pallas,  Zooj^r.  l{OHHO-AHiiit.,ni,  133, 1811,  Aleutian  Islands; 
uo  dcflnito  locality ;  GOntheb,  Cat.,  n,  166;  JorIjan  &.  Gilueht,  Synopsis,  704, 1883. 


1 


2852.  MYOXOOKPIIALIJS  JAOK  (Cuvicr  &  Valtncienncs). 

1).  VIII  to  X,  15  to  17;  A.  13  to  15  (usually  D.  IX,  16;  A.  14).  This  spe- 
cits  has  a  very  slender  body  and  an  cxtr«>moly  wide,  Hat  head,  the  latter 
stiilxiugly  triangnlar  when  vii'wed  frcmi  above,  on  accoMnt  of  the  regiihir 
way  in  which  it  tapers  toward  the  snout.  The  Hpoci«'s  is  further  distin- 
fjiiisiied  by  possessing  but  9  dorsal  spina's  and  by  the  presence  in  the  adult 
iifaii  irregular  scries  of  circular  spinous  plates  above  the  Literal  line,  these 
plates  wanting  in  very  young  indivitluals.  They  begin  to  make  their 
uppeanince  in  specimens  6  inches  long,  and  are  invariably  present  in 
larifer  specimens.  In  adnlts,  the  region  below  the  lateral  lino  contains 
si idiig  spinous  prickles  mostly  concealed  in  the  skin  and  dire«'tcd  back- 
waid.  Some  of  the  anterior  ones  may  be  broader  and  may  have  moi'e  than 
one  point,  but  none  is  circular  with  a  rosette  of  short  spinous  points,  as 
is  the  case  with  the  dorsal  series.  Lower  jaw  incluih'd;  top  of  head  cov- 
tntl  with  small  warts;  scapular  spine  slun-t  and  sharp;  humeral  spine 
obscure;  upper  preopercular  spine  very  long,  nearly  as  long  as  eye,  low, 
sharp,  3  times  length' of  next  spine,  not  quite  reaching  tip  of  opercular 


*  Several  sitecimens  from  Uualaska,  where  tlie  species  is  abundant,  and  1  from  Itobben 
Isliiuil,  tlie  latter  perfectly  typical  in  all  re.si>ecta  and  giving  us  tlio  first  Kamcliat- 
Itiin  record  f<*>  tlie  species.  In  the  Kobben  Island  specimen,  tlio  pectoral  rays  are  rough- 
c""d  OP  their  inner  surface  with  horny  tubercles,  as  is  usual  with  adult  males  of  this 
spue  ito.     The  fln  rays  are :  D.  X,  14 ;  A.  12 ;  P.  18. 

3030 47 


^mmw^im 


n. 


M. 


'if 


f 

'%'  ; 


1078  nullcthi  77,  United  Staff's  National  .^/usnnn. 


MpiiH'.  Ocflpitiil  crcMtHloiif:;,  ^ciiMy  coiivfr^iii^  Ix-liiiitl,  MinMciily  illvorjrin.; 
Mfiir  their  ])uHt<Tioi'  ni«ls.  DiHtaiicr  i'rnni  siipniorhitiil  to  iMMMpitiil  tiibfn  !< 
1.)  tinirs  tli<>  <liHttiiin>  ))rtW('(>ii  tlir  2  Hiipriiurhitiil  tiilMTrlrs  (tliii2  liiniNiin 
iiicnts  ulMiiit  <M|iiiil  III  M.  pohfiiinnilhocrpliiiliis);  2  or  3  low  <li((itiiti>  liil^n  , 
l>cliiii)l  siipriioiiiliir  H]niii';  ii  hIiiii])  <>tliiiioi<lal  imI^^i^  rxtiWHls  Itiirkwiinl 
from  level  of  sniiill  N|)iii<'H  to  iiImivc  front  of  pupil;  moiitli  very  Imp-,  tlir 
niaxilliiiy  exteiidiiij;  to  posterior  bonier  of  eye;  the  pore  alwiiyM  pieseni 
hehiiul  last  ^illareh;  NpinoiiH  ihtiHal  low,  the  interval  Itetween  (loi.s;il> 
iiiiiiHiially  lon^;  tiiiH  inoilerate;  ]teetoral  liarely  reaehiiif;  anal;  veiitniN 
not  to  vent.  Color  olive  grayish,  mottled  with  darker,  jtaler  than  in 
related  speeies;  Itaek  with  4  dark  cross  hands,  made  np  of  blaekish  spot>; 
lower  side  of  head  ami  helly  ]ilaiii  white;  memlirain*  of  njiper  Jiiw 
unspotted;  lins,  all  except  the  veiitrals,  with  ohli(|ue  dark  hiUN,  faiiiti  i 
than  in  most  species.  In  the  adult,  the  dark  cross  haiidH  break  iiji 
into  sharply  defined  black  s|)ots,  with  verniiciilating  blotches  and  lines 
which  closely  cover  the  back,  licn^^th  12  to  IS  inches.  Herin^j  Sea,  in 
shallow  water;  everywhere  common  on  both  coastH,  extending  into  iln 
Arctic  and  soutli  to  tho  Amur  River  and  Unahiska.  Our  Hpeciineiis  fmin 
Unalaska,  Mristol  Ihiy,  Petropanlski,  Ktdtben  Keof,  INtrt  Olarence,  anil 
Grantley  Harbor;  one  of  the  most  cbaractt'ristic  lishcH  of  Bcrinj^  iSr;i. 
ijaok,  the  v«M-naeular  name  in  Kamchatka.) 

(Jothmjaok,*  Cuvikh  &  Valenciknneh,  Hist.  Kiit.  I'oIhm.,  iv,  172,  1829,  Kamchatka  (Coll. 

PiillaM;  Hi)<!(:iiii<tii  in  Miih.  lierl.  culled  Oothm  leorphm  hy  I'ai.lah)  ;  OU^THEK,  Cut.,  n, 

105, 18(10;  Jordan  &.  Ciijikkt,  Syiioi)Hi8,  705, 1883. 
Mjioxocephalus  jaok,  Jouoan  &  Gilbekt.I  Kept.  Fur  Seal  IiivuHt.  1808. 


*  Oodles  jooA- iH  tlinml('8crib«Ml:  "1)  VII, 15;  A. 14.  M.  Li('li<<ii8t(!iii  liaHkiiiilly  ronliilid 
to  iiH  tliu  i'lidiviilual  wliicli  Horvod  I'nIliiR  for  tlaMloHcriptioii  of  Ww  jirviit  ('oUiisul'  Kmii- 
cliatka,  wliicli  lie  Iieliev<-<1  the  Haiiie  H|>ei^ie.s  im  our  xcufy/juv.  NVe  liave  coinpareil  it  i  iirr- 
fiilly  witli  our  indivitiuals  from  Kiiroiie  and  wo  liave  found  tliat  it  has,  in  fact,  Hnvirnl 
(^liara4;t<TH,  notal/ly,  tliat  tho  HpinuH  of  it8  pntoperi'lo  are  Hiniilarly  dispoHed  and  of  the 
Haiiiu  proportions,  but  its  ditl'i>reiuM>H  are  many.  Iimtcad  of  tulior'clos  it  lias  lieliiiid  tlic 
eye,  licliind  tho  cranium,  and  on  tho  tenipl<\  somo  lifilil  grannlationH.  Alon;;  its  liaik, 
a^iovo  tlio  lateral  line,  is  a  row  of  scales  qiiito  unlike  thoHo  of  teurviun.  Tlioy  are  roiiiiil, 
a  little  concave;  their  surface  is  rough,  and  their  ed^e  Hurroiinilcd  with  Hiiiall  sltMidci' 
points,  liiit  above  the  lateral  lino  there  are  some  like  those  of  ncorpius.  The  lirst  dursiil 
IS  lower,  shorter,  and  I  have  been  able  to  tind  l>ut  7  rays.  I'allas  <!ounted  but  U.  Its  hI/i' 
is  much  greater  than  that  of  the  Sciilpins  in  Knrope.  The  individual  before  iis  is  'Jl 
in(dies  long.  Pallas  mentions  them  of  2  feet.  He  thus  gives  the  coloration:  Hack  nd- 
dish,  with  scattered  lirown  spots,  small,  irregular,  disappearing  by  degrees  Itcinw  Wv 
lateral  line;  belly  white;  5  brown,  irrejfular  transverse  bands  on  the  ]iectoral ;  spindiis 
dorsal  spotted  with  brown:  soft  dorsal  with  4  vertical  brown  bands;  (;audal  with  :!:  :i 
bands  on  tlie  anal.  The  fish  is  very  active  in  life.  I'allas  was  tohl  that  it  would  live  Inr 
2  days  out  of  water;  oven  after  being  eviscerated  and  being  in  thesnioke  to  drv,  it  wcmld 
wave  forseveral  hours.  It  is  called  by  the  Kamtschadales  Jaok;  l»v  the  Koriakos,  /  Ui<d. 
by  tho  Kouriles,  Suxiatki  and  Keiseha))  ( f).  The Kussians of  Kainc'liatka  call  it  KaiiDnhit. 
and  the  Lainutes,  Takfehi.    (Cuvier  &.  Valenciennes.)  " 

t  Concerning  the  synonymy  of  this  species,  Jordan  Si.  Gilbert  observe:  In  a  repurl  on 
tho  iohthyological  collections  of  the  J (6afro««  ill  Alaska  (Report  U.  S.  CommissioinT  of  ' 
Fish  aud'Fisheries  for  1893,  p.  421),  Dr.  (iilliert  writes  as  follows:  ".1 .  /(tt»Hi7i»clos<'ly  re- 
sembles the  description  of  A.  jaok,  with  wliicli  it  may  well  be  identical.  We  do  not  xcii- 
tare  to  make  this  identilication,  as  A.jank  is  said  to  fiavo  but  7  dorsal  spines,  a  iiniiilicr 
we  liavo  not  found  in  A.  humiliii."  On  further  consideration  we  have  decided  that  the  '.' 
must  be  identical.  The  type  nf  jaok  was  a  largo  dried  specimen,  the  name  wliicii  liail 
served  I'allas  for  his  account  of  VottuH  tcorpiut.  In  such  a  dried  sneeimcn  it  would  lie 
very  ditlicult  to  enumerate  correctly  the  h»w  fet^ble  spines,  of  which  tho  tirst  2  are  \  itv 
<;1osely  approximated,  and  tho  last  J  often  minute  andliidden  in  the  membrane,  llniiiilin 
is  abundant  ahmg  the  coast  of  Kamchatka  and  agrees  with  the  account  of  jaok  in  li:t\  in;; 
the  upper imrts  covered  with  small  brown  spots,  the  back  witli  a  series  of  round  s|>ii<oiis 
plates,  anil  the  sides  below  the  lateral  line  with  posteriorly  directed  spines;  italsonnncs 
in  reaching  a  very  large  size.  In  the  description  of  jaiik  the  fin  formula,  except  IIm; 
number  of  dorsal  spines,  is  that  most  fre<iuently  found  in  humilis.    Specimens  are  In  lore 


IL 


//;/. 


Jordan  and  /u'crtnann, — Fishes  of  A'orlh  Annriai,      11)71* 


filly  iliv«'ij;iir^ 
ipital  tiibnrli 
[ili«t2  iiifasiin 
li(rit)il(>  riil^i  . 
ikIm  llll('k^vill<| 
vi'iy  linj;<',  I  lie 
ihviiyH  prcHciil 

•tWtMMl    (loiNIlK 

iiiml;  vi'iili'iiN 
piih'i-  tliiiii   ill 

blllckiHll   SIMll^; 

of  u])p(!r  Jiiw 
k  biii'H,  t'iiiiiii  I 
iikIh  brt'iik  ii|i 
vAwH  1111(1  liiii  N 
licriiijj  Scii,  ill 
iitliii^  into  III!' 
prriinfiis  rioiii 
I  ClariMiCf,  iMiil 
of  Btu'iii^  Sill, 


Kamchatka  ((dll. 
(IUntiibk,  Cut.,  II, 


aH  kindly  ciiiitiili'il 
lit  ('oliun  of  Kiiiii- 
coinpuretl  it  (inc- 
us, in  fiict,  He\  rill) 

I]I()H(h1    Hllll    of   till' 

it  li»8  lieliiiiil  till' 
Alonji  its  liacli, 
Tlioy  lire  roiiml, 

illi  Huinll  xlt^iiili'i' 
Tlio  first  (Icii^iil 

ltd  l)iit  0.     Its  mI/,i' 

il  before  iih  is  t\ 
ation :  Kack  riil- 

lefrretiH  liclou  tim 
lectoriil;  spiiiiiiis 
ciiikIuI  witli  :i:  ;i 
it  wonld  liv(<  fdi- 
t)  to  drv,  it  wmilil 
KoriiiKOH,  /  UkiI. 

a  ciill  it  J{a III tiliii, 

In  il  repi'ii  on 
C'oniniisHiomr  of 

«Wll7l'«rlOH('ly  IT- 

We  do  not  vin- 
Hnini'8,  a  niiinlMT 
elided  that  till'  ■: 
same  ^vllicll  liad 
inien  it  would  lie 
lie  first  2  are  very 
nl)rane.  IlindiUn 
of  jaok  in  h.'iviii}; 
of  round  Hjiinoim 
DOS;  italHOiii;iii':* 
inula,  exi'i'pt  111" 
lointens  ui'u  In  lore 


rtiHii^i  hiiinili/i,  ItKAN,  I'ror.  I'.  S.  Nut.  Mum.,  iv,  IHHt,  141),  Cliamisso  Island,  Bering 
Straits  ((Nill.  T.  II.  Iliiin):  1>.  X.Dt;  A.  i:i,  .Iiiuhan  \  (iii.iiKiri,  S\nu|iHis,  7*i.'<.  Ih8;i. 

riiltiix  iinliiumntliiifi-iiliiiliis,  Knkii,  SUy.U.  Akad.  Wins.  Wii'U,  i.\iii,  iHtW,  '.'I,  Inf.  4,  li({.  II, 
UefUHlris  l!ay;  nut  of  I'ai.i.ah. 

iullii»  lienioptcrui,  \\&.\:i  ik  IIkan,  I'rou.  V.H.  Xat.  Mils.  IHINI.IIHI;  i<ol  of  K.nku. 

'Jil.VI.  .1IVO\on^:i>IIAM  S  VKKUI  (OSIIK  (lliun). 

1).  X  or  XI,  in  to  lil;  A.  12  to  17  (tiHiiiilIy  1).  X,  HI;  A.  i:{).  Top  of  h.iul 
strongly  vi-iriicom',  tin-  pi'toprrciilar  Hpiiio  Hliort;  Kiipraorltital  aixl  oiM-ip- 
ital  lilaiiinits  |>r('Hriit.  'I'lir  atliiltH  liuv*-  Npiiioiis  platiH  aloii);  tlio  Hides, 
i'\trfiiii-ly  liio;li  vi-rtical  Huh,  and  v*-ry  lai-|;r  siipiaoihital  and  oi;cipital 
tiilM'i'tdcs,  from  the  HiiiniiiitH  of  wiiicli  tli<>  tiilirrclrH  ariHr.  Spinous  platt^H 
aliovi' the  lateral  line  Hiinilar  to  thoHc  found  in  M.Jiiok,  tin- antrrior  oik-h  at 
Itaut  brin^  riniiiar  with  a  drpitHHt'd  n-ntfr,  and  having  tli<*  margin  ]n'o- 

vidrd  with  a  NcricH  of  Hliort,  Htroii^r  h|i h,  Honi*'tiiiioH  iiit<-rnipt<'d  for  a 

NJiort  diNtanct*  anteriorly.  I'lidcr  th*>  soft  doiHal  and  on  thr  raiidal  pidiin- 
I'lc  tlw  platoH  arc  Hinallrr  and  1*'hh  rr^^niar,  lu-in^  ofti-n  rrdiicrd  to  vory 
small  ]dat«-H  boarin^  2  or  :{  prirkh'H  directed  backward  from  tho  margin. 
Itclow  the  lateral  line  are  |dateH  similar  to  tlnme  above,  but  fewer.  The 
cephalic  tiiberdeHare  nnileveloped  in  the  yonni;,  Init  become  very  eonHjde- 
iioiiH  in  half-;{rown  and  adiiltM.  Onu  above  posterior  margin  of  orbit  and 
1  at  liinder  edge  of  occiput  are  the  largest  and  bear  short  liiameutH.  These 
rise  very  abruptly  without  evident  conneiition  with  ridges,  liehind  the 
Kr.])raorbital  tubercle  in  a  smaller  one,  Houietimes  accompanied  by  1  or  2still 
NniiiUer  elevations,  ritcalling  in  their  arrangement  the  digitate  ]i(»stoeuIar 
ridges  of  M, j>tok  nnd  M, poljiaidiilliixrphdltiH.  A  Hmaller  tubercle  is  pres- 
ent also  immediately  in  advance  of  the  principal  occipital  one.  Lower 
Jiiw  ini'ludcd.  I'reopeicnhir  Hpine  short,  the  upper  one  not  exceeding, 
.-^ometinies  much  less  than,  longitudinal  diameter  of  orbit.  A  well-dovei- 
iiped  |iore  behind  last  gill.  Dorsals  very  high,  without  appreciable  inter- 
space, the  longest  H]iine  sometimes  equaling  length  of  snout  and  eye,  2j|  in 
iiead,  eqaaling  the  longest  rayH  of  soft  dorsal.  The  hirgest  sjieeimcn  seen 
i)y  us  is  nearly  uniform  in  the  coloration  of  the  np])er  parts,  showing  but 
faint  traces  of  the  dark  bars  usually  found  in  this  group.  In  all  otiier 
specimens  those  are  distinctly  marked,  though  more  irregular  and  less 
sharply  defined  than  in  M.  hcUui'ih  and  JA.  poljiacaiilhocrphalHs.  As  usual, 
I  here  iH  a  broad  bar  under  spinous  dorsal,  2  narrower  ones  under  soft  dor- 

iis  from  T'etropaiilski  and  from  Stations  30411  and  :)<t48,  off  Koliben  Island,  in  IK  and  20 
riitlioniH.  All  of  these  have  the  siipnionilar  and  occipiial  erestH  hij;;ber  and  sharper  than 
ill  those  from  the  eastern  ]>ortion  of  Iteriiij;  .Sea,  anil  the  preoperiuilar  spines  are  loii|;er, 
usually  reaching  in  yminj:  examples  to  or  hevond  o))ercularniiirgiii.  Theseare,  however, 
c'liaraeters  sub.jeet  to  much  variation  within  this  Ki'o»p,  in  which  it  will  always  be  uuHiife 
III  reeoi;ni/,e  Hulis]>ecios,  unless  based  uu  wry  uxtuusive  uuUectiuiis,  Our  21  Biiocimous 
.show  the  following  fin  tbrmula; : 


Firstdorsal.      Second  dorsal. 


XVUVB    ■«•■>*•■•■•■ 


IX. 


Anal. 


15.        16.         17.    i    13.        14. 


Specimens 18  ,        3         lU  !      10  1  1         15 


i 


1(180 


nullctin  /7,  Ihiited  Stales  National  Afuscum. 


mtl,  and  n  fourth  on  i«n<l  nt'candnl  pedniiclit;  f^roiiiiil  color  unufinally  pnlt . 
Ill  H  highly  <'olori«<l  iiiiklt'  i\w  ItiwiT  |iiirt  ut'Hiih'H  Ih  blnckiHli,  proviiliMl  \\\{\i 
roiiinliHli,  liir){*>,  wliito  HpotH,  Ww  wmw^Uxh  of  which  tire  ot'trn  iiiu(t«<  ion 
NpinuiiiH  by  ii  HurirH  nC  niintito  liliick  HprckH;  Huh  I'diiHpiciiuiiHly  baircil 
III  must  H|»uriiiitiiiH  a  brmiil  biinil  of  tho  li^ht  ^ritiind  t'ohtrcroHHCHoi-cipitiii 
rr^lDii  uihI  i-xt*-ii«lH  biK'kwanl  and  downward,  in«dudhi);  margin  of  pn 
opondo  above  tin-  HpiuuH  and  thr  (fit-atur  port  ion  of  tipundo.    Arctic  <  icviiii 
and  Kerinj;  Hvii ;  UnaliiHka  and  DriHtoi  lliiy ;  taken  by   tlie  AlUntroHH  .it 
depthH  of  i'l  to  30  fatlitniiH,  iind  taken  by  Mr,  Hcoliebl  at  Kiiif^H  iNhiml 
Port  Clarunve,  and  (iraiitly  Harbor;  originally  rceui-dud  from  IMover  lla.\ 
((■ilbcrt.)     Here  doBcrilied  IVuin  adnit  Hpeciniutm  10  inches  long,     (vwrn 
coMHH,  warty.) 

('oltimvernieoiiuii,  Mean,  I'roc.  U.H.  NaJ.MuH.,  iv.IHHI,  irn;,  Plover  Bay,  Siberia  (Coll.  I 

II.  Iteiiii);  JoKDAN  \  (iii.iiKiiT,  SyiiopHlM,  7U7,  18H3. 
AcatUhocotlut  vernieiiiiun,  (Jii.ltKitT,  Hull.  IT.  S.  FUli  C'oiiiiii.  (Irillil)  IHUO,  4'Jt;  St'oKiKLD,  In 

Jonluii  &■  Qilburt,  Uopt.  Fur  Soid  liivuHt.,  1HU8. 


hfi 


a»54.  H1'0X0<'KI>IIAM]K  AXILIiAIUM  (liiil). 

Head  2};  hori/.ontal  diainctor  of  orbit  r>  in  huati  and  l\  in  Nnont;  inter 
orbital HpaceO  in  bead;  de|ith  U;  niaxillary  reaching  vortical  with  |)OHt(' 
rior  odgo  of  eye,  2]^  in  head;  I>,  IX  or  X,  l,*)  or  16;  A,  11  or  12;  jicctoral  !.'> 
or  1(>;  caudal  with  U  branoliod  rays;  lateral  lino  40.  Head  wide  and 
de]iruHHcd;  month  hori/.outal;  lower  jaw  iucluded;  nanal  Hpine  well  dovcl 
oped,  but  completely  covered  by  the  Hkin.  Prcopercle  with  a  straight  Hpine 
at  its  upper  angle  alnioHt  covered  with  skin  and  equal  in  length  to  verticil 
diameter  of  orbit;  a  second  Hpine  imnuMliately  below  this,  completulv 
covered  by  the  skin  and  k  as  long  an  upper  sjiine;  at  the  lower  angle  of 
the  preopcrcle  there  is  a  tubercle;  operde  with  a  strong  horizontal  Mjiinc 
nt  its  upper  angle,  completely  embedded  in  the  membrane  and  not  reacli- 
ing  edge  «>f  gill  tiap.  At  the  h>wer  angle  of  the  opercle  there  in  a  nmall, 
downward-directed  spine,  also  com]detely  covered  by  skin;  HupraHcapiilni 
Hpine  well  developed,  but  eomjdetely  embedded;  humeral  npine  blunt  iiml 
covered;  occipital  ridges  neareely  elevated,  a  slight  pineal  elevation;  I 
broad,  conspicuous  tentacles  correH]>oiiding  to  the  poHitions  of  the  siipri- 
ociilar  and  occl])ital  tubercles;  orbital  rims  considerably  elevated,  havini; 
a  Hat,  de]ires8ed  space  between  them ;  top  of  the  heatl  covered  with  Hiiiall, 
wart-like  elevations.  Lateral  line  inctnispicuous,  without  plates,  itH  jMins 
tlistaut  and  small;  above  the  lateral  line  a  row  of  osseouH  plates,  snialli  r 
and  more  closely  jdaccd  beneath  tlie  Hecond  d«n-Hal;  a  simibir  scattercil 
row  below  the  lateral  line  Just  beneath  the  second  dorsal;  longest  ray  of 
first  dorsal  (the  fourth  or  fifth)  21  timen  in  head,  first  0  rays  about  e(|n:il 
in  length;  second  dorsal  higher  and  about  the  same  shape  as  the  first,  tin' 
longest  ray  1{\,  in  head;  caudal  truncated,  the  cormns  about  square;  pn - 
totals  large  and  reaching  to  second  ray  of  anal ;  ventrals  8<'arc»!ly  reach! n^^ 
vent.  Color  above  quite  dark,  strongly  marked  with  black  and  white;  ;i 
saddle  of  black  iinder  the  anteritu-  f  of  first  <lorsal;  2  similar  but  smallor 
saddle  markings  over  the  back  below  the  second  dorsal,  1  bent^ath  the 
anterior,  the  other  beneath  the  posterior  end;  a  black  blotch  on  the  side 


m 


Ui=-.l.  :.„■  V-C''-.W-V..S<»i>Oi>iUJ-i;,'I-'^^fcsi/,-n--.^^_-v?i»-:i.-i'ii^;.'lt 


*-; - -.-^J :.v.  ■-•itJ.-'J 


Jordan  and  livcrniann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      HWI 

<it'  thn  ('uiiiliil  poiliiiKlr,  )i  rbiirtirt><friHtif  iiiiirkhi^  in  Nevcrul  of  tlio  iikmii- 
liiTH  of  tliiN  ki'IIIim;  vi'iitriil  NiiiTurc  li^;lit(M';  Miilfs  willi  liir({r,  oviit)-  vvliiti< 
spotH;  I  or  r>  Ini^lit  n-«>jiiii  MpiitH  at  ril^»  oi'  tlH>  Itliirk  iiiiil  lii*l*l«<ii  hy  tlH< 
liertnriilH;  iiiiiinlililtiM  nioHtly  hliick ;  lowtu'  lip  witli  Itliusli  niottliiiUH;  uiikIx 
ot'iiHiiiih  iiK'it;  tipol'  iii.i\illiirii-H  liiack;  ii  Itlaik  lilotcli  ut  iHthniiiH  JiiMt 
liiick  of  iiiiiinlu'aiHS  tiiHt  iIoihuI  iiionM\  liliirk;  a  wiiitr  itlot(;ii  rovi'iin^ 
liiwt'r  \  of  iiHtinltniiit'M  lutt  \v«>«wi  t'oiirth  ami  HJxtli  HpiiirN;  tVoin  llio  iippn- 
iiiturittr  aii(;l<t  of  tliJH  hlotch  tliti  wliitc  u\t«^ii«lH  anoHH  tliu  roitrtli  Hpiiiu  ami 
niiiH  into  tlh'  Hjiot  at  tlin  (ul^fo  of  \\w  iii«uiiltraiii<  aii<i  Ix^twtM-n  tho  tliird 
:iim1  fuiii'lli  Npiii(>H;  at  tin- itci^c  of  tli<- iii<-tiil>raiio  uii«l  hrtwcfii  i-arh  ^KpiiMM 
tiioro  1h  a  wliito  Hput,  vrry  Niiiall  liutwroii  llrHt  ami  hocoikI,  but  inon-aHiii^ 
ill  hI/o  poHt«>rioiiy  ami  liutwi>i>n  tho  Hrvnitli,  ni^iilli,  iiiiitli,  ami  t«Hitli, 
niniiing  to^etliur,  Ifuviug  a  tip  of  Mack  at  th<<  «tmi  of  tho  •■i^rhth  Hpiiio; 
Ni'comI  <iorHal  black  witli  a  fow  rirnilar  whito  H|»otH,  »ncli  Hpot  with  itH 
criiter  on  n  tin  ray  ami  ItH  «<igc  n-aching  to  niiiblh*  of  in*-nil>raiio;  tboHo 
spots  inrlinod  to  run  togeMier;  camlal  numtly  Itlark,  partiully  «livi<lo«l  by 
narrow  int«M'Hpaci^  of  wliitf  into  2  heavy  vtTtical  baiulH;  anal  ouIohmI 
NJiiiilar  to  tht^  HecomI  ilorHal;  tipH  of  rayu  and  (Mlgi'  of  nifmbram^  whito; 
vontralH  with  Mt'ViTal  black  spotn;  pcctorala  black  with  oval  white  HpotH 
on  nioMibraiicH,  which  Join  each  other  Inipcrfuctly  acroHH  the  rayn  to  fortii 
I  or  r>  intcrru^»tc«l  vcrtiial  bars  of  Idiick;  2  white  sp^itH  at  Imso  of  rays. 
(ScotieM.)  Arctic  Ocean  ami  HoringSea;  chielly  north  ward.  The  Hpeci- 
iiienH  here  dcHcrribed  from  i'ort  Clarence,  ('hignik  Hay,  and  Herendeen 
i!ay.  AIho  known  from  Iteriiig  Straits  and  St.  MichaelH.  (ajri/Zan's,  |)er- 
taining  t<»  the  axil,  or  armpit.) 

Iloieoeotttu'  axillari*,  (ilLt,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.Thilu.  IH.'in,  1(10,  Bering  Straits. 
dottuM  axlllani,  Joiidan  &,  Oiliikut,  SyimpulH,  700,  1Hh:i. 
MifuxoceiiliuluB  axiHari»,  Scokiki.o,  ICitpl.  KiirSoiil  liiv<tMti);iilii)iiM,  1808. 

3!tr)5.  MVOXOOKIMIALIIN  KTKMiT.ltl,  TihtHiiiH. 

D.TX  (rarely  VIII),  15  (rarely  1(5);  A.  V2  (11  to  13).  RcHembling  in 
sha])0  M.  polyinianthocvphaluH,  the  head  Ichh  depreHHed  and  the  Huoiit  deeper 
than  in  M.  jaok.  Cliara<'teriHtic  featiires  are  the  thickened  papillose 
lips,  the  presence  of  a  supraocular  tentacle,  and  the  peculiar  coloration. 
Skin  naked  or  with  a  few  scattered  sm:ill  ]diites  in  adult  males,  the  inter- 
orbital  deeply  concave,  and  the  occipital  and  ]mrietul  ridges  heavy  and 
more  or  less  broken  or  rugose.  Head  2;  to  2<f  in  length;  depth  4;  least 
depth  of  caudal  peduncle  U  in  snont;  greatest  width  of  head  e<|ualing 


*  Tliis  npncios  is  tlio  tvpo  of  tho  nominal  goniiH  Hnrfoeothw.  Gill,  tliUH  dost^riliMl  bj'  Gill: 
"Kotly  HiilK^ylindricnl,  rapitlly  (lecliiiinK  to  tho  caii(l'>'  <lii.  Sliiii  iii<mlly  nakod,  or  with 
siiiiill  iinil  diHtinct  tiiburcltiK  nliovo  tlio  latornl  lino.  .  ilornl  lino  opunini;  on  the  sidoH 
tliroii^h  Hmall  diHtiint  porog.  Head  largo,  do]>ri-)4Hod,  and  Hiibrlioiiihoidal;  nasal  spineit 
Miiiall;  pn^operclo  with  2  Hiniplo  ttpinoH  noar  tho  an^le  and  2  tiiheroloH  bolow;  opercle 
with  a  longitudinal  rib  torniinutiiig  in  a  Hpino  and  with  a  round  nionibranacooim  mar- 
gin; siibopoicio  with  a  Hpine  dirootcd  downward.  I'oHturliital  lont;itiidinal  oruntH  littlo 
(luvelopixl.  Mouth  moderate.  Tooth  villilbrin,  proHcnt  on  oacli  jaw  and  on  the  front 
III'  tiMt  vomer.  liranohiimtoKiil  mombran<^  oontiniioim  under  tho  throat,  but  attached  ab>ng 
I  ho  middle  of  its  longth  almost  to  its  margin,  and  thus  nearly  rostrioting  tho  brauohiol 
ii|n?rture8  to  tholr  rospootivo  sides.  llraiichiitHtogal  rayH  »l.  '  DorHuls  Heparato,  tho  tir»t 
Ixw,  lii^'heHt  at  the  middle.  V entrals small,  luodoratoly  ajiproxiiuutcd aud  behind  the  p«o- 
loruls,  each  with  a  spine  and  3  soft  rays." 


...^'f  irTT.»J, 


V      ' 


\\W2  /tN//titn  /7,  f/nt/tif  Shitfs  Natwtui!  Murium, 


m 


fci'K 


■Ai 


r' 

0* 

'  ! 

t  ■J 

5 

3 

fci^ 

„J1- 

tT 

if-' 

"• 

It 

iliNtniKiit  I'roiii  ti|i  III'  NiiiMit  to  liiimMiC  |ii-r«tpi-rriilur  Npliiu;  iluptli  of  lit>ii<l 
lit  oiM'i|uit  *><|iiuliii^  \  itN  liMiglli.  Mniitli  lui'KO,  tlin  liiwttr  Jtiw  iiiolntii'il, 
liiit  li<MM  ('oiiHpiciiDiiHlv  <iviTla|i)HMl  tliiiii  ill  U.  /(loA',  tilt*  iiiii  \  1 1  III  !>'  rp;irliiii;: 
Iii'viiimI  till'  *<vo,  2|  ill  liiMil.  l.i|iH  xorytliii'k  iiiiil  IIohIiv  in  ikIiiUh,  tin 
iiiiior  tiiitruiii  of  fiirli  witl.  u  tlriiMtt  IiiukI  ot'  lino  |iii|iillir  ;  Inwcr  lip  iiiiiv  uUi> 
liiMir  (i\ti«riiall,v  \\  tow  piiplllii>  or  iiliort  liliiiiiiMitH;  ii  tlimliy  Nlip  ur  (Diiiiiiiii 
oticii  pi't'N«Mit  on  iip|M<r  pimtriittr  iiii^lcnl'  iiiii\illii,  NiihiiI  Hpiiii'H  piiii;rcnt 
riitliri  Niioit;  pr«*iip(tri'li>  witli  -'  «li\oi);iiiu  Npiin'M  iit  iiiikIi'  itiiil  ii  third  if 
iiiolc  oiH*  Im-Iow  «lii'iTt«>«l  tlownwiinhind  fttiwiird;  tlin  iipprr  Hpiiio  vuryiiiu 
ill  It^iiKtli,  liiit  I'xtniiliii^  iiHiiiilly  iilHUit  liiiU'wiiy  to  tip  of  opi>rciiliir  Hpiiii>: 
oprrdo  with  ii  Htron^  rili  iiiiil  Hpiiit^  liiiiiMtnil  iiiiil  r«iihopoi'riilur  Npiiics 
Ntniii^;  iiit4-ri>i'liititl  width  5^  toll  in  littiid,  ){uiitly  I'liiinivc,  itH  llnor  iihi 
iilly  n'ith  IriKMw  of  2  low  i'IiI^hh;  ii  dohiiito  siipriioi'liitiil  tnntiirlit  horiir  nn 
tli«  Hiitorior  «uid  of  tho  on-ipitui  ri<l;j;»,  itH  IiuhhI  tiili«ri'ln  iii'vor  fonspini 
oiih;  nIuihIoi-  oroipiliil  triitiirlo  ol'ttui  priMiMit,  (iHpiM'iiilly  in  tlio  yoiin^ 
lint  not  intruqiiDiitly  iihsunt;  lid^jo^  on  oi><-iput  Htion^,  ot'tun  irri'^iilurin 
partly  inturi'ipttid,  tlitdr  Ninfiici)  roii^riionid  ivith  lrn^thwisi<  liiit'.4oi-  witli 
oliiHtorH  orjrriinnloH;  o<  ripnt  inoriMh'i'pIv  ronciivt*  Ihtiii  in  M.  iHtljiacniillKi- 
withahm;  iiHiiiilly  »  rliisttr  of  hIioiI  di^itiit*>  ridf^im  htdiiiid  th<-  eyu;  top 
and  HidcH  of  li<>iid  with  Hiiiall,  warty  protiihvrancos.  A  niiniitu  poru  htdiiinl 
liiHt  gill,  to  Imi  d)-t«M'ted  with  ditliciilty  in  tlio  yonii);.  DorHaU  with  short 
intia-NpaiMi  or  noiio,  the  niniihranr  fi-oin  liiHt  Hpiiiit  iiHiially  Joining  Iiiiho  ol 
lirHt  Hoft  my;  MpinoiiH  dormil  vory  hi^li  in  luliilt  niiiloH,  thu  tlfth  H]iiiH' 
hiffhost,  h  iia  \o\\\^  iia  head.  loiit;oHt  Hoft  ray  '2\  in  ht'ud;  puctoralH  n-iiili- 
\\\^  front  of  anal,  t\w  vnitralH  not  to  voiit;  vurtirul  Iiiih  much  lowor  in  tlit> 
yonii);.  Skin  Hniooth,  without  piiitimor  Hpiiuss  in  y<uing7  or  H  inchoH  Ion;; ; 
1  adult  ninln  of  U  inchoH  with  s<-attcr«;d  Hiiiall  Hiihuirciilar  spinmiH  platt's, 
all  but  a  fow  of  which  .iro  bidow  thu  liiti-ritl  line.  In  tin-  young  thu  ni:i\- 
illiiry  and  uiuudihulnr  iiietniirun<>s  iiiu  whitiMli,  very  conHpicnouHlyniarki'ii 
with  irregular  Jut-hlack  spotH  and  hlotchoH;  branohioati'gal  and  giihn 
inninbraneH  and  thu  meiiibranu,  behind  the  proo))urelu  cn^.jHed  with  narrow 
(lUrk  struiikH;  entire  under  side  of  head  faintly  dimky,  mottled  and  iiiaiti- 
lilted  with  white  "like  a  frog'H  bully;"  irin  with  Ninall  black  HpotH  nn<i 
blotchuH;  theHO  colors  fainter  in  our  adult  H|iecimen,  where  the  under  siilu 
of  head  Ih  nearly  uniform  whitiHh;  thu  maxillary  membranuH,  however. 
(KHiHpicuoiiHly  blaek  H|iotted ;  body  browiiiNh,  with  W  light-grny  Huddles, 
the  nuiHt  eonHpienouH  croHHing  the  back  of  the  eaiitlal  pcdiUK'le  immedi- 
ately behind  thu  dorHal  tin;  the  seeond  below  the  dorsal  notch,  and  tl:r 
third,  often  obscure  or  wanting,  forming  a  V-shaped  area  on  top  of  hejiii, 
thu  2  arms  diverging  from  interorbital  toacu  toward  the  biiHC  of  opereiihir 
spino;  the  dark  areas  often  lighter  centrally,  and  variously  blotched  ami 
mottled  with  brown  or  dusky;  dorsals  very  irregular  in  the  marking;  aiml 
usually  with  H  or  I  obliquu  dark  bars;  caudal  usually  ^itli  a  basal  trniiH 
lucent  bar  followed  by  varying  alternations  of  triinsliK^ent  and  black: 
ventrals  showing  2  black  cross  bars;  pectorals  with  no  deiinitu  color  pat 
tern  on  their  outer  face,  but  crossed  on  their  inn«'r  face  by  a  few  irregular 
black  bars.  Males  show  the  usual  round  white  H]>ots  (ui  sides  of  abdomen. 
It  is  well  dititiuguitihed  by  the  speckled  throat  aud  bully,  uptly  oomparod 


r.  j;i,i!!",^:^v*i.i>  i'i-it^!-?.*ti:  j_  ■•^I'^i.r.iw.^i 


r,i>,r;i. J' jLi iii!r:-*.-at !i^ri>W . Ki '■i^iii-'ith.^-i^^^t^^. «■.-. .  . 


Jordan  nttd  llvtrnuinn, — Fishes  of  Xorlh  America.      llWi'J 


ii,  sti'lliT  to  tliK  N|Mtckli'«l  i-oior  of  II  fro)(.  \V«'Ht«rn  Mli'»r«  of  lti>i-iii((  Mru 
.iiitl  OkliolHk  Son;  not  r»uor<liul  iroiii  AIuhUii  or  tlio  AlHiiiiiiii  iNlitmlH, 
I  liiH  <Umui-i|)tiori  t'roiii  II  H|M>i!iiiiuii»'  Iroiii  retriipiuiUki  itiitl  l(<riii){  IhIiuuI, 
I  ikuii  by  tlitt  .lllmlroiix.  TliiH  H|»«riitH  Ih  how  i-«c'oi-<ii'tl  iVoni  llurint;  iiiol 
Motiiii  iHJaiKlH,  PutroiiuiiUki,  uiiil  tlio  iiioiitli  ol'  tlio  Aiiiiir  Kivi>r.  It  in 
I '^  iiloiitl.v  ul>iiii«luiit  ill  wuHtfi'ii  ll<'i-|ii^  Sou,  but  pi'obiilily  (liM'H  not  ocoiir 
unions  tlio  yVI«>iiti)iii  IhIiiiiiIh  ur  on  tl'ti  AliiMkitn  ooiMt.  Tliort'  hooiiih  to  l»u 
iii>  iloiilit  lliiit  tliiM  M|H>t;i«H  JH  corrortly  iiliiitilluil  witli  Miiitxtu'vphaUia 
/.hiivri,  with  wliich  It  uuruoM  in  lin  rii,\H  iinil  in  tlio  imiuliiir  iintl  oliarac- 
iiriHtio  coloration.  It  At{ri'«>H  iiImo  with  tin*  <lrH(>i'i|ili*Mi  of  Cottitt  thruH- 
liiimix,  ft-oiii  which  thu  tl){iii'«),  howovor,  tlivoi'KoM  in  hovciuI  iiii)iortii>)t 
ili'tiiila.  It  Ih  hi(;lily  iniproldihio  that  ('ntlim  nurlniitil  and  iyotlim  iinir- 
muriiliiii  can  over  ho  HiitiHlactorily  itli-nlitiotl,  um  wo  have  only  voiy  hiiof 
III  toiintH  of  thuia,  huHutl  on  culorvtl  drawingH.  (Nainod  for  (jioui'^j;  WIIIh'Iiii 
sioller.) 

MtiDXoefphatuit  ii^«<((tW,  Tlf.KHIt'H,  Mi'-in.  Acad.  I't>lerMii.,  iv,  IHIl,27n  witli  pliito,  not  rft'ern-U 

t4>  ill  Ixxt.  PetropauUkl  (Cull.  (i.  W.  SlulUr) ;  Jouhan  ..v  (iii.iiKKT,  I{<'|>I.  Iiivimt,  I'lir 

Ht'iil  IhImiiiIh,  IHIM. 
(ultim  d«i'ii»irmiriii,   Knkk,  Unik.  Kniii.  Akuil.  WiHHt-n.,  xxiv,  1H05,  '.*,  liil'.  '.',  Huh,  1,   lu, 

Decaatris  Bay,  near  mouth  of  ttie  Amur. 
'  I'litliis  miirmoraluK.''  (Mvikk  \   Vai.kniikn.nkh,  llUt.  Nut.  I'iiIhm,,  viii,  41»",  1831,  Petro< 

pauUki;  on  ii  ilniwiiiK  li.v  Mkutknh. 
luiiut  plntyci^phalu*,  I'.kan  A'  IIkan,  I'ioc.  U.  .S.  Niit.  Mum.  1KU*I,'.MU,  :ih4;  not  of  I'ai.lah, 
('(.^(11*  iiiyer,  \\v.Mi  &.  Kkan,  I'roc.  D.  8.  Nat,  .Mum.  1HU0,-J4U,  U>4Mln  piU't:  Nuh.  U'.ltJUU,  :i:i872, 

UUUaJ,  3U85U,  331)08,  33844,  uuU  3387U) ,  uul  ut'  ilKAN. 


:.  !■■ 


'iitSH.  MYOXOCKPIIALUM  MEDMUN,  1).  A.  iionn,  new  i*|>ei'U<H. 

lloadSi;  depth  Ii;  oyo  \  in  hoad.  D.  VIII,  17;  A.  12;  V.  I,  3;  P.  14; 
('.  II.  I'i'ollle  of  head  and  1>ody  Krudunlly  iiHcondin^f  from  tip  of  Hiioiit  to 
Hixth  doFHul  Kpiue,  tliuiu-u  tapering  to  caudal  pudnncle;  ventral  line  almost 
stniight,  Hlightly  tapering  to  ciiudal  pediiiu'lc;  longeNt  dorsal  Hpine  almost 
iiH  long  as  lougoHt  ray,  'A  in  head  including  llap.  Month  moderate,  iiiax- 
illary  reaching  about  to  vertical  through  middle  of  eye.  I'ectoralH  large, 
naching  slightly  beyoud  anal  origin,  the  middle  rays  being  .^  as  long  an 
tiic  head;  ventrals  moderately  well  developitd,  reaching  anal;  uual  origin 
iiiulcr  third  ray  of  dor-^al,  ending  under  fourteenth  ray  of  tiiat  tin.  (till 
iiii'mbranoH  united,  forming  a  fold  acroHS  the  isthmus.  I'reoculur  spines 
moderate;  opercular  spines  but  moderately  developed;  2  tlattish  tubular 


•  Oottua  marmoratiiK  in  thus  ilencribod: 

'U.  i<-14;  A.  12;  C.  14,  otc.  Uiio  Hoconilo  osp)^!'^,  obsorvoo  (Inim  ccr  piirnfjon  pnr  1«>» 
ii.'iiiiraliHteH  do  laniriiifl  oxpodition,  no  purait  pas  uon  pluH  sit  rapportcr  A.  aiicuiio  do  ci'lles 
i|iii>  noiiM  nvmm  dooriti-s.  Copotit  olialioiHMoaii  n  doux  fortos  opiiioH  aiidovHiit  do  rii-il. 
Uciix  aiitrcH  ]ieii  alunKoes  an  liord  dii  ]>rtM>poruulo:  line  potito  diriuoo  voi-s  lo  lias  an  liord 
liiin/.iiiital  dii  nioiuo  oh,  ot  line  axsoz  t'orti;  li  I'anjrio  de  roporonli'.  Lvs  rayons  6i)inoiix  do 
I:'.  |in-ini6re  dofMale  annt  HHHOK  robustes;  lit  ciniiiii^niu  est  le  plus  long.  Ce  poiHHoii  a  la 
ti  ('()  ot  lo  dog  brims,  do  urandos  iiiarbriireH  briinos  ot  blanclieH  siir  Ioh  cAtC;s,  ot  ronj^oAtros 
Hiir  lo  ventro.  La  prfni7«>ro  dorsolo  ostjanno,  avoo  iino  Brando  taclio  briino,  qui  )iart  do  la 
pointo  du  qiiatrlAme  rayon  et  doMcond  obliiiin-niPiit  Jiisqu'au  piud  dii  septionic.  La 
si'CDiido  dorsalu  est  ronii^o.  Ln  oaudulejaiiuo,  iiiarbr6r.  do  mux.  La  poittoralo  brnne  ii  la 
lia.so  ut  jauDo  ensiiito.  Lejanne  est  travorso  par  troiH  raiei  oirciilaires  brunes  ]ir^H  do 
I't'xtruinit^  dos  rayons.  L'analo  ost  blauclidtre  ot  tachct^;e  do  iioinbreux  pointc  rouges. 
.NdiiM  no  connaissons  anssi  cette  ospftce  ((ue  par  un  deasin  long  de  quatre  poueos,  ooni- 
iiiuuiqu^  par  M.  de  Mertens."    (Valenciennes.) 


m 

it  ^ 

91     " 


i!, 


!' 


i^> 


1984         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


poreH,  I  on  each  Bide  oi  front  of  cyo;  niinierouH  pores  ou  head;  2  rows  df 
pores,  1  above  aud  1  below,  the  raised  ridge  running  hiterally  on  dorsal 
lialf  of  body.  General  color  dark  reddis])  brown,  mottled^  barred,  ai.d 
Hpotted  with  whito;  under  ]>;irts  whitiHh;  a  wide  whitish  bar  from  opcr- 
clcH  acrosH  nape;  posterior  part  of  iuterorbital  spaco  whitish;  tlio  dark 
rolor  on  fnuit  of  snout  and  under  lower  jaw  relieved  by  bars  iind  niottlinvs 
of  whitish;  pectorals  and  ventralt;  l)arred;  rays  of  caudal  finely  uiottlod; 
Hevcral  {6)  Hiuall  white  spots  on  body  immediately  behind  jtectoral  ori<iin, 
and  sev«'ral  larger  white  blotches  on  lower  posterior  half  of  body.  Hcrin;; 
Sea.  A  single  example,  2  inches  long.  It  is  allied  to  M.  atdleri,  fmiii 
which  it  ditferc  greatly  in  form  and  coloration.  (Type,  No.  33K(j;{,  r.  S. 
Nat.  MuH.  Collected  at  Medui  (Copper)  Island,  Bering  Sea,  sprint^  of  IKSH, 
by  Dr.  Leonhard  Ste.jneger.)  (U.  A.  I<ean.)  (Medni,  the  Russian  name, 
meaning  Copper,  of  the  island  where  the  species  was  found.) 

Myoxoci'pltaluK  iitedniu»,  U.  A.  Uban  MS.,  in  Joiidan  f:  ( iii.iiERT,  Kept,  i'ur  Seal  Invest ii;ii 
tioDS,  1898,  Medni  Island.    (Type,  No.  33863.    Coll.  L.  Stejueger.) 

2857.  MYOXOCKIMIALIJS  XIVOSUS*  (Ilorzonstein). 

Hoad2i;  depth 4^.  D.IX,  15;  A.  13;  P.  17;  lateral  line .33 to 35.  lieui 
comparativi'ly  d«^ep  and  compressed,  with  large  mouth,  narrow,  deeply 
concave  intero'bital  space,  and  depressed  concave  occiput,  whicli  io 
bounded  by  strong  lateral  crests;  at  the  anterior  end  of  these  cresis  tlicy 
are  each  accompanied  on  the  outer  side  by  a  •  hort  ridge,  and  on  the  iiiiui 
side  by  a  still  shorter  ridge  or  a  small  tubercle.  The  occipital  crests  con- 
verge strongly  toward  the  nape;  temporal  ridges  also  strong;  a  short  fila- 
ment above  posterior  edge  of  orbit  and  1  at  posterior  end  of  occiiiital 
crest,  each  surn.,">nntiug  a  very  low  tubercle.  Upper  preopercular  spine 
straight,  diroct«Ml  toward  opercular  flap,  scarcely  reaching  middle  of  ()]n'r- 
cle,  its  length  i  diameter  of  orbit;  the  se<-ond  spine  is  |  length  of  upjuT, 
dirt^cted  downward  and  backward;  the  third  points  doAvnward  and  for- 
ward, the  -'oug  interval  between  it  and  the  second  being  smooth,  witbimt 
spine  or  tuborcle.     The  contiguous  angles  of  sub-  and  inter-opercles  are 


*  Allied  to  M.  nivosuk  is  tho  following  species  from  the  OkhotHk  Sea: 

Myoxocephalvs  brandti  (Steindachnkr). 

Heii(12};  depth  5.  D.  IX,  13;  A.  11;  P.  17.  Head  narroivcd  forward,  the  lowor  jaw 
included.  Eye  6  in  head,  a  little  larger  than  snout;  interorbital  space  dtrontjly  con.'iivo, 
IJ  in  eye.  A  rather  long  tentacle  alwve  eye  posteriorly;  behind  this  a  riclge,  low  luid 
rather  sharp,  couvcrisii.^  witli  its  fellow,  ai'd  inclosin<;'a  depressed  quadrangular  ari-n ; 
no  spine  at  its  |>08terior  end;  nasal  spines  prominent;  ]>reoper('1e  with 3 spines,  the  ii|i{M'r 
shorter  thiin  eye,  the  second  not  §  its  length,  the  third  short,  blunt,  and  turned  down- 
ward; opercular  spine  blunt,  concealed;  supraacapula  with  a  single  long  spine.  Top  dI' 
head  covered  with  small  rounded  warts.  Lateral  line  with  thin  liony  concealed  plates,  its 
pores  sending  numerous  simple  branches  above  and  below;  below  the  l!it'e<'al  line  2  row  a 
of  small  cross  plates,  ttibe-like,  apparently  connected  with  the  system  of  tubes  of  thf  lat- 
eral line;  MO  rounded  bony  plates  or  scales.  Longest  dorsfil  spine  3  in  head;  pectoral 
moderate,  a  little  more  than  i  head;  ventral  2)  in  head.  He.id  bluish  violet  above;  sides 
of  body  reddish  yellow;  violet  niarblings  on  the  lower  lip  and  on  the  sides  of  the  lower 
.jaw,  leaving;  the  ground  color  to  form  ocellated  8])otH;  fins  violet  wit^i  yellow  spots,  the 
ventrals  uniform  yellowish.  Known  from  1  specimen  13  inches  long  from  the  mouth  df 
the  Amur  liivor.  (Steindacbner.)  (rrobably  named  for  the  natural  history  collector, 
15randt.) 

Coitus  brandti,  Steindachnkr,  Ichth.  Notizen,v,  C,  Taf.  3,  flgs.l,  2, 1807,  mouth  of  the  Amur 
River,    (Type,  in  Vienna  Mas.) 


I 

i 
^1^ 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1985 


Seal  Invest  iya- 


)i;(ivi(leil  with  proiiiin«MiL08  which  aro  not  spino-liko;  opercle  iiud  Hupia- 
Hiiipula  each  with  a  Htrnng  ridge  uiuling  in  a  spine;  no  scapnlar  spine. 
XiiHiil  spines  small,  not  projecting;  top  of  bead,  nape,  and  snhorhital 
ring  witii  Btnull  warts,  many  of  which  contain  openings  of  the  mucous 
(•Mnals;  hoth  pairs  of  nostrils  with  short,  wide  tubus,  .laws  and  vomer 
w  ith  wide  hands  of  cardiform  tce.^.h  of  tujual  size.  A  round  pore,  nearly  as 
Iiirge  as  nostril,  immediately  behind  bist  gill;  gill  mcmltranes  with  a 
short  free  border  mosially.  Least  interorbital  width  'i  diameter  of  orbit, 
wliich  is  ^  length  of  head  to  tip  of  opercular  spine;  greatest  width  «»f 
licad  li  in  its  length.  Mouth  large,  the  lower  jaw  included,  the  maxillary 
iriiching  the  vortical  innnediatoly  behind  the  orldt,  its  length  2;{  in  head. 
Third,  fourth,  and  fifth  dorsal  spines  nearly  equal,  the  fifth  longest,  equal 
to  length  of  snout  and  J  eye;  a  very  short  interspace  between  the  2  dor- 
s.ils;  second  dorsal  very  hijih,  the  long^'st  rays  equaling  length  of  snout 
and  eye;  caudal  gently  rounded  wht'u  spread,  its  length  ^  that  of  head 
to  end  of  opercular  spine;  ventrals  reaching  halfway  to  front  of  anal, 
(;i|iialing  height  of  second  dorsal;  ])ectorals  scarcely  to  venii,  the  length 
ot  the  longest  rays  equaling  distance  from  eye  to  tip  of  opercular  spine; 
viut  midway  betwe«in  base  of  f^audal  and  base  of  lower  pectoral  ray; 
hUIu  everywhere  smooth.  Coloration  very  dark  on  back  and  sides,  white 
lielow,  with  traces  of  blackish  cross  bars  below  the  ^lorsal  fins;  aloirg 
]owcr  part  of  sides  a  number  of  larg«)  roundish  white  spots,  which  are 
present  also  in  a  band  along  base  of  ansil,  becoming  smaller  posteri- 
orly and  toward  middle  of  sides;  sides  of  head  and  body,  and  especially 
tiio  dorsal,  caudal,  and  pectoral  fins  with  scattered  small  spots  of  pearly 
white;  spinous  dorsal  with  large,  roundish,  transparent  spots,  the  anal 
margined  with  white  and  marked  with  scattered  white  spots  of  various 
si/cs  and  shapes;  the  thickened  pectoral  rays  largely  white ;  ventrals  with 
;{  dusky  cross  bars;  lower  lip  and  mandible  with  white  areas  surrounded 
l>,v  dusky  reticulations.  Okhotsk  Sea,  the  type  from  St.  Olga  Bay.  Here 
described  from  a  large  specimen  39  cm.  long  from  Iturup  Island,  one  of  the 
Kiirils.  (Coll.  Albatross.)  Out  specimen  agrees  well  with  the  description 
of  the  much  smaller  type  (185  mm),  apparently  difl'ering  in  the  shorter 
pectorals  and  more  deeply  concave  interorbital  space.  Tho  white  spots 
also  show  no  tendency  to  run  together  to  form  streaks  either  along  back 
01  on  tho  bases  of  the  lins.     (niromts,  snowy.) 

Ciittutnivomt,  HEitztNSTBiN,  Melanges  Biologiqui's  du  Bull.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.retcr»li.,  xii, 

li:(,  1890,  St.  Olga  Bay. 
Mijiixoeephahu  nivo»as,  Jokdan  &  Gii^ert,  Ropt.  Fur.  Seal  Inveat.,  1898. 


?-'■" 

f: 


hof  the  Amur 


2858.  MYOXOCKPIIALU-«  MdER  (Bean). 

(Black  Sculpin.) 

Head  ?.h  D.  IX  or  X,  16;  A.  11  or  12;  V.  I,  3;  P.  16;  B.  6.  Nasal 
spines  blunt,  covered  with  skin;  no  spines  above  orbits  or  on  occiput;  no 
siiJirp  spines  on  head  except  the  2  upper  preopercular  spines,  which  are 
iiiinost  concealed;  the  uppermost  as  long  as  eye,  6  in  head,  and  equal  to 
snout  or  interorbital  space ;  top  of  head  with  line  dermal  granulatitms,  the 


i. 


-lM;!g*>lL-'J?!j^'  'jfjjjjj  '■^'I'.WJ^^SiS^^S'- 


^f^ 


1986 


Dullclin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


vertex  with  niiincruiiH  sleniler  tentiu^leH,  ii  Hoft  teutacle  uf  tuoder.iic 
lengtli  iibovo  eye;  jaws  equal,  the  lower  slightly  incliuliMl;  inaxillniv 
longer  than  fourth  tlorHal  opine,  2  iu  lutad,  reaching  hinder  margin  of  orhii. 
Caudal  and  veutralH  each  \  length  of  head;  pectoral  not  reaching  v<Mii: 
Bkiu  Hmooth.  A  small  .slit  behintl  last  gill.  Color  typically,  almost  hhuK  ; 
sides  mottled  Avith  lighter  brown,  sometimes  with  round  white  bhittliis 
on  Im'II.v  and  sides;  pectoral  plain  or  with  white  blotches.  Specimens  frnm 
granitic  rocks  have  sanded  coloration  corresponding  to  the  hue  of  the  sin-. 
roundings.  I'ribilof  Islands;  very  abundant  in  the  crevii-es  of  black  luv.i 
rocka  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  George.  Also  obtained  in  some  abundance  aitout 
the  Komundorski  Islands,  Medni  and  leering. 

This  strongly  marked  species  can  be  readily  distinguished  by  its  pecu- 
liar coloration,  the  greatly  thickened  naked  skin  which  partially  concenln 
the  short  nasal  and  opecuhrr  spines,  and  the  numerous  tentacles  surmount- 
ing the  warty  tubercles  on  crown  and  occiput.  The  fins  may  be  nniibriuly 
black  with  a  narrow  white  tip  to  the  soft  rays,  or  may  be  move  or  los 
variegated  with  white.  On  the  soft  dorsal,  these  marks  are  in  the  form  of 
white  spots  which  may  become  confluent  to  form  1  or  2  streaks.  In  soine 
specimens,  the  cauda!  membranes  are  white  in  their  middle  portion  tlie 
rays  remaining  black.  The  under  side  of  head  and  the  maxillary  mem- 
branes are  sometimes  marked  with  large  blackish  spots  with  ill-dellncd 
edges. 

In  addition  to  the  minute  pores  which  lie  at  intervals  along  the  coiirs<> 
of  the  lateral  I'.ie,  the  latter  gives  off  pairr  of  lateral  branches,  each  of 
which  opens  in  3  or  more  small  pores.  The  sides  of  the  head  are  also  thickly 
studded  with  pores.  Owing  to  the  thickened  integument,  the  pectorals 
and  ventrals  are  more  largely  adnate  to  the  body  than  in  other  species. 
The  fin  rays  are  as  foUoAvs,  in  10  specimens : 


First  (lorsiil. 

Second  dorsal. 

Anal. 

Pectoral. 

Rays 

IX. 
6 

X. 

4 

15. 
1 

16.        17. 

11. 

12. 

10. 
2 

17. 

Speoiinena . . 

8 

1 

3 

7 

8 

{niffer,  black.) 

?  Cottutmertensii*  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Pois9.,viii,  496, 1831,  Petropaulski; 

on  a  drawing  by  Mektens. 
Cvltut  niger.  Bean,  Proc.  U.  S.  iS'at.  Mtm.,  iv,  1881,  151,  St.  Paul  Island,  Pribilof  Island 

(Coll.  H.  W.  Elliott) ;  Jordan  &  Gu.bekt,  Synopsis,  707, 1883. 
Myoxncephahia  niger,  Jordan  &  Gilrert,  Ropt.  Fur  Seal  Invest.,  1898. 

*  Gottut  msrtengii,  is  tbus  described :  II  ae  rapprocho  du  petit  obaboissean  do  Groi'Tilmiil 
jiar  le  nombre  dc  rayons  de  I'anale ;  mais  par  cenx  des  dorsales  il  est  plus  voisin  dii  Cutliii 
of<o-d«ctJ>i-»pino»M.t,  ct  il  a  les  epines  de  la  prenudre  dorsale  tcit  aussi  fortes.  Voifi  Irs 
uombres  compt<''8  par  le  natnraliste  russe.  D..-,  i5;  A.  12;  ('.10;  P.  18,  etc.  La  Icie 
(larait  lisse;  sans  Opines  pr^s  d<>s  narincs.  La  point<>  du  ])r£<oporcule  u'atteintpas  I'an^lu 
de  I'opercule.  Lescouleurs  indiquees  sur  le  dessiu  qui  nous  a  et»')  coinniuiiiqu6  par  M .  iId 
Mertens,  <jtaient  do  ^randes  niarbrures  do  bistre  fouce  sur  un  fond  jaun&tre.  Co  desMin 
repr^aente  an  individu  long  de  buit  pouces. 


i,i*ij*.u\x  j^-.-- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1987 


73a.  MEGALOCOTTUS,  (Jill. 

Mtmlwoitui,  OlLL.Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  Tliiln.  1861, 106  (plati/cephnluii). 

Tliis  ju;enu.s  includus  laigo  scnlpina,  with  broad  tint  heiuls,  dift'eriiig  from 
Mijoxocephalni'  chiolly  in  tlni  sb.trply  projta'tiug  lowerjiiw;  the  preopiJic'Io 
has  3  Hpiiies,  the  npi»>r  Hbort  aud  straight,  the  low<>rnioHt  ttiriu-d  down 
wiinl;  dentation  as  in  MifoxocrphahtH;  Hnprascapnia  v,•ith2Hpinon8p^ojec- 
ti(MlH;  top  of  li»«ad  warty;  8id<'S  with  roiiudod  tnltoroles  iu  the  adnit;  lat- 
tr.il  line  of  He|)aratcd  pores;  a  large  pore  behind  hist  gill.  North  Paciti<'. 
(///Vfts,  great;  Horrog,  cottns.) 

II.  Iiit«'rorl>itul  space  iiiodoratu,  tiliuiit  equal  to  eye  in  atliilt;  vnitralH  reaching  niial 
impillii.  I'I,ATYCE1MIAI.I'S,  2;i59. 

aa.  luterorbital  spuco  very  broad,  If  diameter  of  eye  in  adult;  vuntrals  not  roarbiug 
vent.  LATicEPs,  2360. 


2:iaft.  MKtiAliOCOTTUS  PLATYCKPIIAIiUS  (Tallas). 

Head  3.  D.  VIII,  !?•  A,  12;  V.  I,  3;  P.  16  or  17;  lateral  line  40.  Lower 
jaw  somewhat  longer  than  npper;  eye  5  in  head,  as  long  as  snont;  nasal 
spines  distinct;  orbital  rim  moderately  prominent;  a  low  ri«lge  behind  it 
toward  the  oceipnt,  withont  spines  or  points.  Top  of  head  between  these 
ridf^es  forming  a  qnadrangiilar  depression,  as  broad  as  the  eye  in  fiont, 
l)iit  narrower  behind.  Toj>  of  head  covered  with  naked,  warty  skin. 
i'ie()i)ercle  with  4  spines,  the  npper  as  long  as  eye,  directed  upward  and 
hiickward,  the  second  much  shorter,  the  others  directed  downward.  Oper- 
cle  with  a  long  forked  ridge,  ending  in  2  short  diverging  spines;  a  spine 
ilirected  downward  <m  subopercle;  two  sharp  spines  on  scapular  region, 
tiio  lower  the  longer  and  touching  the  first  tube  of  the  lateral  line.  Lat- 
eral line  complete,  above,  it  numerous  rounded  bony  plates  armed  with 
spiuules  aa  in  J/,  laticeps;  these  in  2  rows  anteriorly  and  1  posteriorly ;  a  few 
similar  plates  below  lateral  lino.  Fins  all  high,  the  soft  dorsal  especially 
so.  Color  dark,  with  many  dark  shades  and  spots  on  throat  aud  belly, 
especially  on  gill  membranes;  sides  and  belly  (in  males)  with  irregular, 
round  white  spots;  first  dorsal  with  round  pale  spots,  the  membranes 
otlierwise  largely  dusky ;  soft  dorsal  with  3  or  4  dark  obli<ine  cross  shades, 
between  which  are  rows  of  ]»ale  spots;  anal  with  4  dark  oblique  cross 
slia<les;  caudal  with  3  narrower  dark  stripes;  pectoral  with  4;  ventrals 
dusky  with  pale  spots.  Okhotsk  Soa  and  western  part  of  Bering  Sea. 
This  description  (after  Knor)  from  a  single  specimen,  7^^  inches  long,  from 
Decastris  Bay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Amur.  The  species  is  close  to  M. 
laiicrps.  which  has  been  recorded  from  Alaska  as  Cottua  to'tiiopterua,  but  the 
2  species  are  different,  and  the  type  of  M.  pJatiiccjihalua  has  the  narrower 
luterorbital  space  of  M.  twniopterii8.  So  far  as  known  M.  laticepn  is  found 
tin  the  eastern  shores  «>f  Bering  Sea,  and  .)/.  platyctphalus  on  the  western. 
i»r.  Ililgendorf  has,  at  our  request,  reexamined  Pallas's  tyjie  of  plat y- 
cepliaUia,  a  specimen  a  foot  long.  He  notes:  Lower  jaw  projecting;  fin 
rays  not  easily  counted,  the  skin  being  dried  and  varnished.  D.  VIII-14  ; 
A.  11.  A  sketch  of  the  head  shows  the  armature  of  M.  laticeps,  but  the 
eyes  closer  together,  1  diameter  apart.    There  is  a  blunt  tubercle  behind 


I-  ■ 


ii.^ 


1088  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 


each  eye  and  1  nt  the  occiput ;  thoapiiieou  thesiipraHcaptihi  is  forked.  ,1  id 
tho  lower  fork  ia  twice  tho  length  of  the  other.  The  uppi^r  preoperci  lnr 
spine  is  ahout  \  longer  than  tlio  second.     {nXarVi,  broad;  He.(ptt\f},  hcii  1.) 

Ooltn*  lUatyciphalut,*  PaixaS,  Zoogr.  lioBfio-Asiat.,  ill,  135, 1811,  Kamchatka;  iiftnr  Si  i  i.. 

LKK;   CUVIElt  iV.  VAr.KNCIKNNBH,  HiHt.  Nllt.  PoisH.,  IV,  177, 18'21>. 

Cottiia  tamiopterui,  Knek,  Sitzlicr  Ak.  AVisH.  Wion,  Lvni,  1808, 18,  Taf.  14,  Hg.  10,  Decas-  ris 

Bay,  near  mouth  of  Amur  River.     (No.  5574,  Mua.  Wiun.) 
Megalocottu*  platycephalus,  UiLL,  .7roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci,  rbila.  1801,160. 


k 


\\   I 


1^ 


23G0.  MEOALOOOTTIJK  LATK'EPM  (Gill)crt). 

This  species  ditt'ers  from  M.  plafifcephalus  (ta^nioptrrus,  as  shown  in  Kini  s 
fignre)  in  the  following  respects:  The  interorbital  width  is  greater,  I,' 
times  the  diameter  of  the  eye  in  laiiccps,  etpialing  th«!  eye  in  plati/veplinhiii. 
Similarly  thc!  distance  between  the  anterior  ends  of  occipital  ridges  is  1;, 
times  diameter  of  eye  in  lativcps,  equal  to  eye  in  platyccphaliis.  Coiisiiicu. 
ons  supraorbital  and  occipital  tubercles  in  laticcpa,  each  surmounted  l>y  .a 
fleshy  filament;  in  pUtlywphalus  "crown  and  oecijjut  are  v.ithont  piomi 
nenc(^8  or  spines,  covered  only  with  naked  warty  skin."  In  laiicvps  1h 
preopercle  has  2  diverging  spines  a  single  downwardly  directed  Hplno 
below  them.  In  platyvcphalua  are  '2  downwardly  dire<'ted  spines  below  t  \w 
angle.  The  ventrals  are  much  shorter,  not  reaching  vert  when  depressed, 
while  in  phtfyccphalus  they  reach  the  anal  palillic.  The  dorsals  are  also 
much  lower  in  laticeps.  The  principal  features  of  this  species  are  the  veiy 
broad  flat  head,  short  wide  snout,  projecting  lower  jaw,  the  2  pairs  of 
cephalic  tubercles  provided  with  tubercles,  the  verrucose  head,  the  very 
short  preopercnlar  spines,  the  large  pore  behind  the  last  gill,  the  presenco 
of  circular  spinous  plates  above  the  lateral  line  and  prickles  belo\\  it. 
H«'a(l  and  anterior  part  of  body  broad,  depressed,  th(^  depth  of  head,  .it 
occiput,  If  in  its  greatest  width,  its  length  2J  in  body.  Body  taperiii.u  to 
a  slender  caudal  pedvincle,  whose  least  height  is  equal  fco  diameter  of  oyo, 
Depth  of  body  4  to  4f  in  length.  Intoiorbital  space  very  wide,  shallowly 
concave,  its  width  li  times  diameter  of  orbit,  and  4  to  4i  in  head.  The  low 
supraocular  ridge  ends  in  a  blunt  tubercle  above  hinder  margin  of  eye  wli  k  i\ 
grows  higher  with  age,  depressed,  bounded  by  2  low  ridges  which  con- 
verge very  strongly  toward  the  nape,  where  they  curve  out  again  in  low 
rounded  tubercles;  tiie  inclosed  depressed  area  is  twice  as  wide  anteriorly 
as  it  is  at  the  narrowest  j>osterior  part.    A  strong  temporal  ridge,  less  <lis- 

*  The  following  is  tlio  Hubstanco  of  Fallas's  uccouiit  of  Cottus  plati/cephalug.  D.  VII  12; 
A.  11;  C.  10;  !'.  15;  V.I,  3.  Head  large,  much  depressed,  as  though  <'ru8hed,  as  hrojil  aa 
body.  Tail  slender;  mouth  largo,  lower  jaw  projecting;  teeth  on  vomer,  none  on  jiiilii- 
tines.  Belly  much  inflated.  Nostrils  tubular.  Slyea  moderate,  near  together;  vciiix 
Hat  behind  the  eyes,  with  a  ridge  on  each  side,  in  front  of  which,  near  the  orbit,  is  ii 
bony  tnl)erclo;  beliindatlhe  nape,  oblong  tubercles,  each  ending  in  a  short  spine;  |in'- 
O|)orcle  with  2  very  strong,  diverging  spines  above;  opercle  with  a  concealed  spine;  liiic  r;il 
line  with  concealed,  elongate  plates;  between  it  and  the  dorsal  some  round  very  rmi^'li 
warts,  smaller  ones  below;  pectorals  large;  dorsal  spines  feeble.  Olivaceous,  much  v;irii- 
gated  with  greenish  lines  on  sides  of  body  below;  spots  large  below  the  t!"l;  dois.iU 
translucent,  varied  with  brown;  caudal  yellowish  with  faint  bands;  pectorals  and  iinal 
banded.  Length  12  inches.  Kamchatka.  (I'allas.)  The  ty7<«  in  the  museum  at  Iteiliii 
has  no  teeth  on  the  palatines.  The  generic  name  Megalocottua  was  originally  bnse<l  on  tlio 
supposed  presence  of  palatine  teeth,  a  fallacious  character.  The  character  of  the  pro.jccl- 
ing  chin  lias,  however,  generic  value.  Pallas  says:  "In  area  luuata  palatio  medii  ut 
utriuque  liueari,"  which.lf  we  translate  it  correctly,  is  not  true. 


Jordan  and  Evcrniann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1989 


g.  10,  Deca;., ris 


tiiict  in  young  apucinions.  Nasal  Bpincs  vory  Hniiill.  Month  wide,  trnns- 
VI  iHu,  oblique,  the  iiiuxillury  ruucLing  vurtical  trout  hinder  ed<;e  of  pupil, 
'>}.  in  head ;  nnindihh^  with  its  triangular  tip  ]>r<itruding  well  beyond  upper 
\[\w  in  adults,  the  Jaws  nearly  e<|uul  in  y<uing;  leugtli  of  sntuit  equal  to 
intorurbital  width.  Hands  of  Hliort  cvrdiforni  tt^eth  on  the  Jaws,  an<l  a 
broad  patch  on  vomer;  none  on  palatines.  A  cuuHpicuouH  iiore  behind  hiHt 
ir\\\.  (iill  uiembraurH  almost  wholly  ,j(»ined  to  the  iHtlinins,  the  free  border 
siurcely  UJJticeable,  itn  width  less  than  ^  diameter  of  the  Hiuall  pi"dl.  Kye 
Hiiiall,  shorter  than  snout,  5A  to  UA  in  head.  Preopercle  with  2  Khort  strong 
s]iiiH;M  diverging  backward,  and  a  strong  coneeiiled  ]ioint  below  directed 
downward  and  forwanl ;  np])er  preo])ereiilar  spine  about  equal  to  eye,  but 
liith^  longer  than  the  lowT  and  reaching  ^  the  distance  from  iv,^  base  t<t 
tin-  tip  of  the  opercular  Hap;  operele  with  a  well-marlied  longitudinal  rib 
umling  in  v.  sharp  point;  si-apular  and  subopercular  spines  present.  Entire 
to|i  ami  sides  of  head,nap(*,  and  anterior  dorsal  region  (rovered  with  sumll 
lU-rmal  warta;  supraorbital  and  occipital  tubercles  with  short  tilaments. 
Space  above  the  lateral  line  with  an  irregular  series  or  double  series  of 
,;!i;e  round  spinous  tubercles;  a  few  8cattere<l  plates  on  sides  below  the 
lilt  i-ral  line;  axil  smooth;  plates  of  lateral  line  concealed  in  skin.  Spinous 
dorsal  low,  its  longest  spine  lA  in  second  dorsal  and  3  in  head.  In  some 
Hiiccimens  a  single  line  of  suniH  sharp  tubercles,  resembling  spines,  extends 
ciidi  side  of  the  rays  of  the  second  dorsal.  The  2  dorsals  arc  separated  by 
ii  narrow  space;  i»e«'torals  large,  reaching  front  of  anal,  the  lowt-r  rays 
iinich  thickened;  caudal  rounded;  ventrals  reaching  jj  distance  to  vent. 

I  (orsal IX,  14 ;  anal  13 ;  pectoral  18 ;  ventral  1, 3 ;  lateral  line  3()  to  40.  Color 
dark  olive  brown  above,  with  faint  traces  of  1)lackish  bars;  sides  spotted 
or  niarbeled  with  whitish ;  belly  and  lower  parts  generally  white;  a  black- 
isli  blotch  on  cheeks,  1  on  op'Tcle,  and  a  third  on  frotit  of  mainlible;  pec- 
toral rf,ys  dusky,  the  membrane  whitish,  the  tins  crossed  by  3  or  4  wavy 
black  burs,  which  sometimes  join,  inclosing  oblong  or  roundish  white  areas ; 
spinous  dorsal  not  banded,  the  dusky  and  translucent  areas  vari<uisly 
arranged;  soft  dorsal  with  5  oblique  broad  dusky  bars;  anal  with  4  bars 
sometimes  uniting  to  inclose  white  spots;  caudal  similar  to  pectoral  and 
ai'al;  brilliantly  ccdored  males  are  largely  black  on  sides  and  below,  with 
many  large,  rounded,  partially  continent  pearly  white  spots.    Length  (5  to 

II  inches.  (Gilbert.)  East  shore  of  Bering  Sea ;  known  from  13  specimens 
from  the  Nushagak  River,  near  its  mouth;  1  from  Herondeen  Hay  on  the 
northern  side  of  the  Alaskan  Pcniusula  and  from  Port  Clarence  (IScofield''). 
{I(ttu8,  broad;  -ccpa,  head.) 

V"ttiiii  iKniopterm,  Bean,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1881,  248;  Bean,  in  Turner's  Nat.  Hist. 

Alaska,  94,  pi.  6, 1886;  not  of  Kner. 
Aiii nthocottus  laticepg,  Giliiert,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish  Comm.  1893  (1896),  422, pis. 26  and  27, 

Nushagak  River  and  Herendeen  Bay,  Alaska.    (Coll.  Albatross.) 
ilnjalocottu*  laticeps,  Scofielu,  in  Jordan  &.  Gilbert,  Rept.  Fur  Seal  Invest.  1898. 


■  Mr.  Scoflcld  observes :  "We  took  4  specimens  of  this  species  at  Port  Clarence.  They 
(lill'tT  from  the  typos  sliffhtly  in  coloration.  Our  specimens  are  dark,  almost  black ;  below 
the  anterior  portion  of  tlie  second  dorsal  is  a  darker  saddle-like  marking  on  the  body; 
till' caudal  is  black  at  the  base  and  has  an  undulating  dark  band  on  its  posterior  third; 
tilt!  pectorals  vary,  being  either  l)audt'(l  or  mottled.  (One  specimen  lias  distinct  bands  on 
1  pi'ctoral  while  the  others  are  simply  mottled  with  black.)  There  is  no  slit  behind  last 
Kill  arch." 


F 


!     i 


1090  nitllctin  /7,  l/nitcd  States  National  Museum, 


733.  ZESTICELUS,  Jordan  «.V  Kvorraiiu. 

XfiHcelut,  JouvAS  &.  Evrumann,  Climk-LiBt  KisliuH,  44:i,  lXi)6  (pro/undurum). 

D(M-p-a»ii  Hriil|)iiiH,  cloHtily  alliuti  to  I'orocolliia,  hut  with  the  sktlitun 
little  (levflopcMl,  thu  hrad  soft  uiul  Hpoii^;)',  tilltMl  witli  intiroiiH  rhaiiiiciN, 
the  Ml<in  perfectly  smooth,  the  lateral  liiiu  reduced  to  a  serieH  of  Hopinattt 
o]M>ii  poreH,  the  vertical  fins  few-rayed  and  weak.  Preopereular  s|iiiH' 
Hleudor, curved  upward.  Deep  HcaH;  2  species  known;  prohaltly  dcj;i;ii||.(| 
from  I'orovottua,  tlic  soft  sUcleton  and  fecidc  structure  being  results  of 
deop-Bca  life.     {t,f.6r6<i,  soft-boiled,  Icelitt>,  a  son  oi'  the  god  of  sleep.  1 

a.  DorHitl  rayH  VI  or  VII,  10  to  13;  unul  rnytt  8  to  11;  puctoriil  2U;  upper  preopon  uinr 
spiuo  usuully  not  roavlilutj  opercular  niurgin.  ruuFUNUUKLM,  :::iui. 

2:101.  ZKSTICELUS  i>ROFU>DURUX  (Gilbert). 

Head  2S ;  depth  .'').  1).  VI  or  VII,  10  to  13;  A.  8  to  11;  pectoral  20;  ven- 
tral 1,  3;  lateral  line  with  17  pores.  From  above  the  head  ajipiurs 
smooth  and  evenly  rounded,  without  projecting  spines  or  ridges.  Tlic 
occipital  depression  is  very  shallow' the  occipital  riilges  dejtressed,  scarcely 
noticeable,  ending  in  depressed  spines,  which  are  made  out  with  ditliciilt\ . 
Nasal  spines  undeveloped,  the  nasal  bone  small,  posteriorly  pointed.  Imt 
not  furnished  with  a  projecting  spine.  Upjier  preopereular  spiue  Htiouirl y 
comiiressed,  curved  upward,  not  reaching  opercular  margin,  its  length 
equaling  diameter  of  eye;  no  spine  at  its  base  in  front;  below  it  2 
short,  strong  spines  directed  downward  and  backward,  and  1  more  slan- 
der downward  and  forward;  opercle  with  ii  longitudinal  rib  ending;  in  u 
short  spinous  point;  a  short  si)iue  on  angle  of  opercle,  and  1  below  it  on 
interoper(;le.  Mucous  canals  every wln-re  greatly  enlarged,  giving;  ii 
spongy  texture  to  the  entire  head;  series  of  very  conspicuous  pores  on  (he 
preopercle,  the  mandible,  and  below  suborbital  chain.  Mouth  broad, 
obli<|ue,  the  ma.xillary  reaching  middle  of  pupil,'2jt  in  head;  mandible 
slightly  ]>rotruding.  Minute  teeth  in  upper  jaw,  anteriorly  in  2  raihcr 
distinct  rows,  laterally  in  narrow  bands;  teeth  on  vomer,  none  on  {tiila- 
tineo.  Eye  longer  than  snout,  3J  to  4  in  lujad.  Interorbital  width  1  di- 
ameter of  orbit.  Gill  membra..^8  widely  jointed,  with  a  wide  free  ].osie- 
rior  edge;  no  slit  nor  pore  behind  last  gill.  liody  smooth,  without  plates, 
granulations,  or  filaments;  no  plates  developed  in  connection  with  the 
lateral  line;  pores  of  lateral  line  in  a  double  series,  the  2  closely  ajiproxi- 
mated,  those  of  the  lower  series  much  the  larger;  no  evident  tubercles  Ity 
which  these  communicate  with  the  main  canal.  Longest  rays  of  second 
dorsal  k  length  of  head,  twice  the  longest  dorsal  spine;  pectoral  rcacliinf; 
front  of  anal  or  slightly  beyond;  ventrals  short,  not  nearly  reaching  vent. 
Upper  parts  very  light  brownish,  the  belly  and  sides  below  lateral  line 
<'ark  brown;  tins  blackish;  mouth  an<l  gill  cavity  dark.  A  deep-sen 
^orra,  characterized  by  the  obsolescence  of  the  occipital  and  nasal  spines, 
the  absence  of  the  accessory  spine  in  advance  of  upper  preopereular  spine, 
and  in  the  more  uiuuerous  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  fins.    Length  about  2 


w 


Jordan  and  Evcrnioiin. — Fisfics  of  North  Anwrica.      1001 

nicbea.  Boring  Ht'u  in  deep  wiitur,  4  HperiiiieiiH  known ;  from  ntl'  IJuiilnHka 
in  :M)  fatlioniH,  and  north  of  Ito^oHlof  iHliind  at  Mhuirosn  Station  3<>:i4,  in 
()iil  fntiioniH,  wlieiyt  a  singlu  Hpociiu«>n  58  nun.  was  obtained.  TbiH  Bpe«'i- 
iiM'n  closolj'  iM'senibloH  the  type  of  /fmU'elua  profundorum,  l»ut  the  Hpines 
iiio  Honiewhat  utrongor  than  in  the  latter  and  \\w  fiiia  sltorter.  lu  the 
r.ojfoslof  Hptifinien  the  upper  prooporcnhir  spine  extends  to  margin  of 
(i|)orcIe,  and  the  oeeipital  Hpines  are  more  evident,  terminating  in  Hbort 
siroMgridgeH.  1).  VII.  10;  A.  K;  l'.2().  Tholower  jtartH,  up  to  and  inelnd- 
iiig  the  lateral  line,  areblaekisb,  the  line  Heparating  them  from  tb<«  lighter 
under  parts  very  Hharply  detined.  Finn  allblaek.  OtherwiHO  eHsentially 
iiH  in  the  type  of  Z.  y>rq/'H«</or»/m,  with  which  we  now  consider  it  identical. 
The  variation  in  the  tin  rays  iu  this  species  is  couHiderable,  if  the  tigiires 
j^ivi^n  by  Dr.  (iilbert  are  correct.  One  of  the  eotypes,  however,  has  I*.  20, 
not  17  or  18,  as  stated  by  Gilbert.  The  ligure  also  shows  20  rays  in  the 
)i(>ctoral.  It  also  shows  11  rays  in  the  anal,  while  our  specimen  has  but  8. 
(profundorum,  of  the  depths.) 

Aeantlweottua profundorum,  GiLnERT,  Rept.  V.  S.  Fish  Comin.  1893  (1896),  423,  pi.  26,  Bering 

Sea  north  of  Unalaska  Island  at  Albatross  Station  3329,  in  399  fathoms. 
'/.ettieelu*  profundorum,  Jobdan  &  Gilbeut,  Kept.  Fur  Seal  Invo8ti{;atiou8, 1898. 


734.  DASYCOTTUS,  Bean. 

Dasycottm,  Rean,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1890,  42  (»eti<jer). 

Head  large,  with  large,  bony  tubercles  and  nnnnerous  filaments.  Mouth 
wide,  jaws  ecpial,  or  lower  .jaw  slightly  projecting.  Teeth  minute,  in 
villiform  bands  in  jaws;  vomerine  teeth  in  2  patches,  separated  by  au 
interspace;  palate  toothless.  Preopercle  with  2  spines  at  its  angle  and  2 
rndimentary  ones  on  each  edge  of  its  lower  limb.  Gills  3i,  no  slit  behind 
tiie  last;  gill  rakers  short,  tubercular,  in  moderate  number;  gill  mem- 
liranes  free  xrom  isthmus;  pseudobranchiie  present.  Skin  smooth,  except 
on  nape  and  along  dorsal  base,  where  it  bears  a  few  small,  bony  tiiben-les. 
Spinous  dorsal  well  developed  and  separated  from  the  soft  dorsal  by  a 
(loef,  notch;  pectorals  moderately  long,  their  rays  procnrrent  below  j  ven- 
trals  with  a  spine  and  3  rays ;  caudal  rounded.  North  Pacific.  Very  close 
to  Cottunctilu8,  apparently  diflfering  in  having  cirri  on  the  head  and  the 
preopercular  spines  not  hidden  by  skin.     (SatJus,  woolly;  Cottua.) 


2362.  nASYCOTTlS  SKirUKR,  Bean. 


'''    ■'■■ 
'I  "-. 


Head  2;  depth  3.  D.  IX,  15;  A.  13;  V.  I,  3;  lateral  line  (pores)  11  or  12. 
I]ye  nearly  equal  to  snout,  §  length  af  head.  Maxillary  expanded  behind, 
its  length  eiinaliug  that  of  snout  and  eye  combined,  extending  to  a  little 
behind  middle  of  eye.  Pectoral  extending  to  above  anal  origin;  ventral 
\  as  long  as  postorbital  part  of  head;  longest  dorsal  spine  about  equaling 
eye  in  length;  spinous  dorsal  with  2  dusky  bands  extending  down  on  the 


V 


m-  :, 

Ipi:  :Si^'i: 

^M'f:'' 

^^HQb^ii-t 

Tkm  ^ 

(1 

M 

r.^ 

is. 

t^ 

TJ 


'^ 


1092 


liullctin 


/7. 


(hiitcd  States  National  Museum. 


siileH;  Buft  doi-Biil  with  2  Imnila;  n  Hiniilar  one  at  onndal  base  and  3  narrow 
baiitlH  oil  bucoimI  half  of  caiulul ;  pocturul  iiidiMtiitrtly  baiidod;  hiMd 
Hpeckh-d  with  brown  dotn.  (Itoan.)  North  I'aciHc;  the  types  from  .Who.. 
IroKH  Station  2S55,  north  latitude  57'^,  wuHt  longitude  153  '  18',  at  a  deptli 
of  (*!>  fathoiUH,  ott'  Sitkalidak Island;  our  specinions  front  Pugot  Uonud  mid 
off  Karlnk.    Conct^ming  this  Hpecit-B  Dr.  Gilbert  observos: 

"Taken  at  AWalrots  HtatiooB  3'n(),  3257,  3310,  3311,  and  3334,  locat. d 
north  and  Houth  of  the  Alaukan  i'eniusula,  and  north  of  Unalaska  InIiukI, 
in  50  to  H5  fathouiH.  TubcruleH  on  hea«l  definitely  placed;  1  in  front  ,,( 
eye;  4  above  orbit,  the  posterior  1'  the  iargoHt;  a  pair  on  middle  of  hiiU 
orbital  Htay,  with  a  Nuniller  one  above  them;  1  on  temporal  region,  an<l  1 
on  Hhonlder;  by  far  the  largeHt  pair  on  occiput,  where  they  are  iii;;li, 
cotn]>roHHed  spines,  directed  vertically  upward,  as  long  nn  diunietei  nf 
pupil;  nasal  B]>iDe8  obsolete.  Cirri  an^  generally  distributed  over  npiHi' 
part  of  head  and  body,  the  longer  <mos  being  specially  numerous  on  max- 
illary, under  surface  of  nuiudible,  and  on  the  operele  and  preopercle;  of 
the  larger  ones,  2  often  proceed  from  1  bt<se;  a  series  of  Hliort  filaments 
along  upper  edge  of  pupil.  Mucous  pores  largo,  those  of  the  mandibiiliir 
and  buccal  series  slit-like.  In  adults  the  dorsal  bands  break  up  into 
series  of  sjiots  and  become  inconspicuous."    {seta,  bristle;  f/cro,  I  bear.) 

Datyeottxu  setiger,  Hban,  Vrw.  V.  8.  Nut.  Mus.  1800,  43,  oti'  Sitkalidak  Island,  Alaska 
(Tyi>o,  No.  45.'J70.  Coll.  ,1  Ihntrota) ;  Jordan  &  Stakks,  I'roc.  Cul.  Ac.  Scl.  1805,  810,  pi. 
83;  GiLUBUT,  Kept.  v.  S.  Fish  Conim.  1803  (1806),  411. 


735.  COTTUNCULUS,  Collett. 

Cottuneulut,  Collett,  Norjjes  FlHke,  30, 1875  {mieropa). 

IJody  tadpole-shaped,  the  head  extremely  large,  the  body  tapering  np- 
idly  from  the  shoulders  to  the  slender  tail;  mouth  rather  large,  terminal, 
oblique,  the  jaws  about  e(iual ;  villiform  teeth  in  the  jaws ;  a  double  ]>at  eh 
on  vomer;  no  teeth  on  the  palatines;  no  spines  on  the  head,  the  tubir- 
cular  surface  of  the  skull  covered  by  skin;  skull  thin,  its  bones  not  iinii. 
Gills  3^,  no  slit  behind  the  last  arch;  gill  membranes  broadly  joined  to 
the  isthmus,  their  union  extending  to  above  the  lower  edge  of  the  base  of 
the  pectorals.  Pseudobranchiio  very  small;  no  cirri,  scales,  or  prickles; 
the  skin  thin  and  movable,  smooth,  or  roughened  with  small  wartH. 
Spinous  dorsal  little  developed,  the  2  fins  usually  «-ontinuou8;  spines  vi  ry 
slender,  flexible,  embedded  in  the  skin;  pectorals  short,  procurrent  below; 
ventrals  v«'ry  short,  well  separated,  their  rays  I,  3;  caudal  rounded. 
Deeper  parts  of  the  Atlantic.    (A  diminutive  of  Cottna.) 


a.   Aual  raya  10. 
aa.  Anal  rays  13. 


MICBOP8,  23(1.'!. 
THOMHONn,  23C4. 


2:J68.  <;0TT1JNCULUS  MICR0P8,  CoUett. 


Head  2f;  depth  3^  D.  VI,  19;  A.  10.  Head  very  large,  its  lengtli, 
breadth,  and  depth  nearly  equal;  the  greatest  depth  at  the  nape;  4  bony 
tubercles  on  top  of  head  and  some  at  the  sides,  all  covered  by  the  skin ; 


'  I 


Jordan  and  livcrmann. — Fishes  ofNorth  America.     1093 


ltd  3  nuriow 
lulod;  li<^  1(1 
i  Iroiu  AUhi- 
,  at  a  <le|it|i 
t  Hoiiuil  iiiiU 

334,  locatnl 
iiHkii  IhIjiiiiI, 
.  in  tVoiil  lit' 

(Itilu   of  Hllli 

i-giou,  and  I 
ay  arc  lii;;li, 
diunietur  uf 
I  over  upiicr 
I'oiiH  on  niiix- 
peopcrcle;  uf 
)i-t  iil.nnciits 
I  inamltbnliir 
reak  up  into 
'0,  I  bear.) 

Island,  Alaska 
lei.  1805,  81U.  |>1. 


aporing  rap- 

ge,  tcrniinal, 

double  patch 

,  the  tnbi  r- 

nes  not  tinn. 

ly  joined  hi 

■  the  base  of 

or  prickles; 

^mall  wartH. 

spines  vt  TV 

rrent  below ; 

al  rounded, 


MICROPB,  23ii:!. 
:homsonii,23W. 


its  lengtli, 
lape;  4  bony 
by  the  skin; 


InwiT  Jaw  included;  nnixiHary  uxtcudin^r  to  1m>Iow  tlio  niiddb'  of  tht>  eye, 
wliirh  iH  I'liual  to  the  nnont,  and  about  1(  in  h*'ad;  Hulturbital  stay  iind  tin- 
iu  iirliiHh  «Migi>  of  tli<>  prropt>nlo  both  uovrred  by  HUiooth  Hkin;  rhiu  and 
|iivorbital  with  pores;  nkin  cvfrywhcro  thin,  Huniewbat  movable,  its  hui- 
f;iro  roughened  by  Hniiill  blunt  warts;  (birsal  liu  riuitinuous,  tlio  feeble 
M|)i Ill's  lowtu' than  the  soft  rays;  pertorals  barely  luarliing  anal ;  caudal 
liiii;;.  Color  pale,  with  :t  broad,  dusky  cross  bands  on  body  aiitl  tins,  1  on 
Iliad,  I  throu|/rh  spinouH  dorsal  and  pectoral,  and  1  through  second  d«>rsal 
and  anal,  bcsitlcs  a  small  band  at  base  of  caudal.  I<cngth8  inches.  Deep 
« liter  oil*  coasts  of  Norway  and  lihode  Island;  taken  by  the  United  Htates 
I'i^li  Coiuniissiuu  in  the  expeditions  of  the  Itlake,  Finh  llawk,  and  .llhalroHn. 
1 1  lie  described  from  specimens  taken  otV  Ikhode  Island.  {/iiHfjus,  small; 
i")i!;  eye.) 

(iiitiiiu'uUii  micnipii,  Cou.ETT,  Nurg08  Fisko,  20,  |il.  1.  II^h.  l-;i,  1875,  Haavig,  near  Ham- 
merfcBt,  Norway,  in  aoo  fathoms  (Cull.  rrot'.  (>.  P.  Hnrn) ;  (Joi.mctt,  Moililclelncr  oiii 
.V.irncH-FiHku,  l«7.'>-78, 1870;  CoLLETT,  Forli.  Viil.  Scl«k.,  Ciiriutiania,  1880,  11 ;  Coi.lktt, 
N'oiHk.  Nordh.  Exped.,  18,  jil.  1,  tl)B;s.  5,  0;  \yt.  Jfft);-  *•  Natiirvid.,  xvni,  53,  1HH4:  Htkum, 
Norsk.  Vlil.  Solsk.  Skritt.  1880,  75;  (Joodk,  Proc.  V.  S.  N»(.  Mim.  1H80,  470;  Coode  &. 
llK.v.v,  ISiiU.  Mud.  ('oiiii».  Zool.,  x,  212,  1883;  LiU-iEBoito,  Svorin.  ocli.  Norj,',  Fiske,  11.1; 
.FoilliAN  A-  (fILIIKHT,  .SyilopHJH,  08H,  1883;  (JOntheu,  Clmlli'iiner  Itcport,  xxu,  GO,  i»l.  0, 
tig.  A,  1887 ;  GouuB  &  BUA.N,  Oceituio  Iclith.,  260,  Ugii.  257  und  201,  A,  13, 1806. 

iU4.  (;0TTU>t'ULU8  TIIOMSOMI  (GiintLer). 

lIead2A;  depth  3i  to 4;  eye4i  in  head;  snout  l.V;  D.  VI,  17;  A.  13;  P.  22; 
V.  1,3;  C.  10.  Head  and  body  smooth,  scaleless,  covered  with  a  tough, 
lux  skin;  length  of  head  nearly  ^  extreme  length  of  body,  including  cau- 
dal, its  greatest  height  i  body  without  caudal;  greatest  width  of  head 
twice  length  of  maxillary;  distance  of  vent  from  insertion  of  anal  equals 
Icn^ith  of  maxillary;  eye  close  to  dorsal  profile;  iittermaxillary  long  and 
slender,  slightly  more  than  3  times  in  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  inser- 
tion of  first  dorsal,  3^  in  head;  maxillary  very  slender,  except  in  posterior 
lliiid,  where  it  is  considerably  expanded;  mandible  very  stout,  posteriorly 
widimed,  its  length  contained  nearly  2^  times  in  head.  Teeth  in  broad, 
villilbrm  bands  on  intermaxillary  and  mandible;  2  short,  separate,  similar 
bands  on  vomer;  none  on  palatines.  Head  armed  with  blunt  spines  as  in 
('.  micropa.  Distance  of  dorsal  from  tip  of  snout  nearly  equal  to  i  total 
leii<;;th,  caudal  included;  anal  fin  midway  between  tip  of  snout  and  eiul  of 
caudal;  length  of  upper  pectoral  rays  equal  to  that  of  postorbital  portion 
of  bead,  its  rays  diminishing  rapidly  in  size,  the  lowest  being  exceedingly 
short;  distance  of  ventral  from  tip  of  snout  i  of  total  length  without 
caudal;  length  of  free  portion  of  ventral  equals  eye.  Color  light  brown, 
the  iius  somewhat  darker.  Northern  Atlantic,  in  deep  water.  Length  6 
iu(  lies.  Specimens  obtained  by  the  Blake  from  Station  306,  in  41°  32'  50" 
north  latitude,  65°  55'  west  longitude,  etc. ;  also  by  the  Albatross  from  Sta- 
tion 2181,  in  39"  29'  north  latitude,  71°  46'  west  longitude,  etc.,  and  by  the* 
rish  Hawk  from  Station  1029,  in  39°  57'  6"  north  latitude,  69°  16'  west 
longitude,  etc.  (Named  for  Sir  C.  Wyvilbt  Thompson,  Regius  professor 
of  Natural  History  iu  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  lirst  Dir»;ctor  of  the 
3030 48 


; '.. '  .'■■'■» 


1 


u^- 


1094  Bulletin  77,  United  States  National  Afnsnnn. 

(.'iviliiiii  Stiilt'oii  lutiinl  II.M.H.  r/«(W/«'n//mliiring  her  inaKuilkcriit  Hi-ii>ntiii(; 
i>x]tloriit  loiiH.)     ((•ooiluiV  Hkiiii.)     (Kii.) 

<'ofM<xM»m«o;iii,  (irNTiiKH,  rriK'.Koyiil.SiM'.  Kiliiibiir|{li,  XI,  18H'J,  079,  Challenger  Statum  4, 
Colhinriihia  ton'ii»,  (loonie,  I'rof.  I'.  H.  Nut.  Mum.,  hi,  IMMO.  4711,  Qulf  Stream,  off  HlioJe 

Utand;    Ododk  ii.  IIkan,  Itiill.  Mim.  Cuiiip.  Zuul.,  x,  212, 2i:i,  18i*:i;  •Iouhan  .V  (iILiiiut, 

S.\  lioimlN,  flH»4.  18h:;. 
Cultuneulu*  (/iuw«o/iti,  (iOntiikii,  ('hiillintritr  Uc|Mirt,  xxii,  01,  pi.  11,  il^.  II,  1HM7, 

736.  MALACOCOTTUS,  Muuii. 

MuUwieittluM,  ItKAN,  IVoc.  I'.  S.  Nut.  Mum.  IHOO,  12  (zintiirvt). 

Shiipo  Hliniliir  to  that  uf  CoIIuhciiIuh.  Hody  tapering  rupidly  to  iho 
hIoiuIui'  tiiil;  lioatl  liir^^u;  mouth  teriiiiuiil;  Jiiwh  Hubc«|iiiil;  iiiiiiiit<>  villi- 
Ibriii  teeth  in  hnuul  Itiinda  un  maxillary  and  uiandibhs  vomrr  and  piilatc 
toothloHN;  proopurcuhini  iirniud  with  nhort,  Htout,  nimplo  H]iinL'8.  Wuwv^ 
of  tlio  Hkull  thin.  (Jills  lU,  no  Hlit  liehind  the  hiHt.  (iill  openings  wiiU*, 
th<^  mombranoN  broadly  atta(;hod  to  the  iHthiuuH.  Gill  rakers  tiibfrciilar, 
in  moderate  number.  Spinous  dorsal  low,  separated  Ity  a  deep  uotch  t'nuii 
thu  sol't  dorsal.  Pectorals  proennent  in  front;  vontrals  smivll;  ctbuln) 
rounded;  vent  distant  from  the  anal  origin.  Head  and  Itody  naked.  Lat- 
eral line  consisting  of  a  Neries  of  large  pores.  North  Pacilio.  (yMcrA.t'n):, 
.soft;  CotlitH.) 

2»05.  XAIiACOrOTTIS  ZON'ITRirs,  Huiin. 

Eye  1^^;  snout  M.I;  deptii  eipialing  length  of  head  without  snout,  1). 
IX,  H;  A.  11;  >'.  I,  3;  lateral  line  (pores)  abont  14.  Interorbital  Hpaccs 
less  than  A  length  of  eye.  Maxillary  extending  to  below  middle  of  <  vp. 
I'ectonil  reaehing  to  a  vertical  through  the  anal  origin  or  a  little  beyond; 
ventral  ix'areely  as  long  as  eye;  spinouH  dorsal  low,  its  base  !,  as  loii;>  mh 
head,  its  longest  spine  j{  as  long  as  eye;  origin  of  dorsal  imuiedi.iti'lv 
above  upper  angle  of  gill  opening;  least  height  of  tail  scarcely  :i  leii;,rth 
of  eye;  four  spines  on  preopercle,  the  largest  less  than  i  as  loiij{  ac 
eye  and  with  a  sui)]dementary  spine  at  its  base.  A  dark-brown  sadtlle- 
shaped  band  over  the  end  of  spinons  dorsal  and  2  on  soft  dorsal;  a  hniwn 
band  at  base  of  tail  and  3  on  caudal ;  pectoral  with  several  indistinct  (l.irk 
bands  intermingled  with  pale  areas;  tips  of  pc  orals  in  their  lower  half 
milky  white.  Length  4f  inches.  Coasts  of  Alaska,  about  the  peuiiisiila. 
Concerning  this  spcscies  Dr.  Gilbert  observes: 

Several  MpociuienH  were  tnkeu  noith  of  UnaluHka  Island  and  south  of  TTnimnk  Inlaiul, 
in  i;{Hiiud351  fnthouiH.  Nasal  spinoB  obsolete;  siipruorbital  riiu  low,  sliglilly  t^lcvalcil 
iu  front  but  not  behind,  the  interorbital  space  wide,  Hhallowly  concave.  Occiiml  with 
2  blunt  conical  prutuberanceH  in  lieu  of  ridges,  and  without  spineit;  a  Hlight  (iriipjtal 
depression;  preopercular  angle  with  3  radiating  spines  of  nearly  equal  length,  a  Hiiiallt'i 
spine  directed  outward  in  advance  of  the  middle  one  of  the  3 ;  below  these  a  partially  con. 
(tealed  spine  directed  downward  and  forward.  Opercular  rib  very  strong,  sharp  antirimly, 
broadening  behind  and  provided  with  3  low  ridges,  not  ending  in  a  definite  spine :  a  .tjii- 
nous  point  on  suboperde  and  1  on  interopercle ;  none  on  shoulder.  Anterior  nuH.il  tiilit> 
short,  the  posterior  nuirgin  prolonged  into  a  laciniate  tlap;  head  well  provided  with 
slender  cutaneous  Ulaiuents,  3  on  upper  jwrtiou  of  eyeball,  4  in  a  transverse  line  licliiiid 


Jordan  ami  F.vcrmann .  -Fishes  of  North  America .      1095 


iitm'lfntiiic 


nger  Station  4. 
im,  off  Hhoilc 
^N  ii  UlUii:ur, 

17. 


i>.  <  i|iiil,  H  vi^ry  tiiiiK  01111  oil  it|Hirriiliir  itiicliv  iiikI  niiiiif^roii*  NlinrliT  <mm<ii  mi  itprri'lf,  Jiiwh, 
iiiiil  iiliiiiK  iinliM'iiti'  iiurtiiMi  <il  liitiM'iil  liiii'.  Ili'iiiii'liioxtt'UJiU  7.  Hoily  wlllioiit  pliitrN  iir 
l>i  11  kli'H;  tlio  lii'iiil,  iiirliMlliiu  ii|)|it'i'  |)iti't  <)|'<>\  i>,  iiikI  tlir  ii|i|ii'r  iiiilrrior  |iiir(  ol'  liiNly,  w  illi 

nlMIMcIv  <liHtril>lili'<l  ntt'llllti'  Krnnilllll  loilM,  vtMillll-  nlily  III  liil'Ui'  NIMM'iliK'IlN,  III  our  H|H<<'I' 
nil  liH  tilt'  lii'owii  liiir  III  liiiMt'  iirniiKliit  Im  roJIowtMl  liy  »  wIiIk  wliilr  liiir,  Niiini'ltiiii'a  iiior«  or 
|i  -1  lirokuii,  tint  tcriiiiiiul  liiill' Itliickiitli.  iiurruwly  iiiiiiKiiH'tl  willi  wliitn. 

t^djytf,  bund;  oi'itii,  tail.) 

M  iliinii'olhiH  .'OHiimii.  IlKAN,  I'iin'.  C.  H.  Nut.  Miih.  IHUO,  4:\,  ofT  Trinity  UlandM,  Alaska,  at 
AlbatroRK  Station  1853,  at  56  N.,  154  W.,  in  159  fathoniM  ('!'>  |k',  Nu.  44U4:i.  Coll. 
MbalruiiM) .  Oii.iikkt,  Itttpt.  tl.S.  KInIHIo 1.  IMUa  (imxi),  411. 


pidly  to  tlie 
iniiinto  villi, 
r  uuil  |i;ilali' 
iiiit'8.  r><iiii'H 
eiiiiij^H  w  iili>, 
s  tiibcnuliir, 
I>  notch  ri'iiiii 
ui.II;  ua.iiliil 
imkud.    I.Ett- 


t  sntnit.    1). 
rbitiil  Hiiuci-s 
iddb-  of  cyo, 
ittle  bt-yoiid; 
k  ilH  loll;;  :iH 
iiiiiiH>di,'it('ly 
cely  ;i  Icnjjtth 
h   lis   loii^  iu: 
rowii  saddle- 
Sill;  tt  brown 
distiiK't  diirk 
dr  lower  liidt' 
le  peuiiiHiila. 

Unimnk  IhIhikI, 
glilly  t'lcviiii'il 
Occiiiiil  Willi 
Hliglit  iH  iiintal 
ngtii,  a  HiMiillfi' 
iipiirliiiHy  con- 
liarp  iiiitii'iiiily, 
Lte  spine  ;  :i  spi- 
erior  iiuhuI  lutie 
providt'il  Willi 
rso  line  lioliiiid 


737.  ARGYROCOTTUS,  llorziiiMtidii. 

.\i;iiir(>eotlu$,  Hkk/kn.stei.n,  MiIiiiikkh  Itlol.  At.  Imp.  Sci.,  xiii,  IHUL', 'JID,  SI.  PftnrHliiirK. 

SpiiioiiH  doi'Hiil  Hhtirt;  vi'IiIi'iiIh  cNtrfiiirly  loii^,  tludr  tipH  <>xlriidiii^ 
III  yoiid  trout  of  anal  tin;  ^i!!  iiioiiibrtiiios  Ncairtdy  iiiiitod  to  thf  istbiiiiiH, 
riiiiiiin^a  liroad  fidd  imtosh  it,  no  ulit  b«diiiid  tlio  luHt  {(ill;  tooth  on  liio 
Miiiii-r,  nono  on  th««  pulatiiios;  Hkin  ciitiruly  uak«!<l,  without  scaiuH  or  liony 
pliitt's;  pruupcrcloH  with  ;<  Hiiiull  spinos.  North  r»citic.  ((t/j/i^jos,  .silver; 
CiillnH.) 

itmu  AmaittMOTTITN  /AXnKltl,  IIci/iUMtoin. 

ll«ad;H;  d«'pth  If;.  C.  Vlll-lf);  A.  Ill;  I'.  II;  V.  3;  C.  18;  liitiraliin.- 
Willi  Ko  tubes.  Kyi>  :((;  in  length  of  head;  inti^rorliital  Hpuru  I,;  in  oye;  '2 
wc  ll-dov«dopcd  cnvsts  at  tho  vertex;  iiiaxillury  reaehin);'  middle  of  eye; 
liiwer.jaw  Hiightly  projeeting;  2  anal  HpiiieH;  [i  HUiall  spinuH^m  pruuiierele, 
I  III'  upper  half  as  lon^  ;\s  the  eye,  turned  upward,  the  others  direr  ted  tlown- 
ward;  lontr<;8t  doi'Hal  H)dne  \  leii};:th  uf  heail;  peetoral  reaching  ninth  ray 
III  .soft  dorsal;  veutrals  reaching  to  tho  uext  to  the  last  ray  of  anal. 
('(liitr  brownish,  dark  above,  with  iiiinierouH  silvery  spots  bordered  with 
diiiker,  a  silvery  stripe  from  lielow  the  eye  to  the  lia.so  of  the  lower  jaw; 
aiHither  from  eye  to  angle  of  preoperele;  a  row  of  0  large  irregular  spots 
iildiig  uiiddle  of  sides,  many  smaller  ones  below  those;  2  smaller  irreg- 
ular s|iotH  behind  these;  a  bell-shaped  spot  with  a  point  direeted  iip- 
wartlonthe  belly  between  the  veutrals;  the  lirst  dorsal  with  its  upper 
iiiar;;in  blaekish,  with  milk-white  spots  dotted  with  blaek;  a  trans)iarent 
>piil  at  base  of  fourth  and  sixth  rays;  a  small  transparent  spot  near  ba.se 
iif  fourth  ray ;  another  behind  sixth;  about  these  siiots  the  rtdoration  is 
il:n  ker ;  .soft  dorsal  almost  uniformly  dark  ;  anal  eolorle.ss,  its  l-orih'r  dark, 
with  1' or  3  dark  spots  on  eaidi  ray;  i-auiial  iiiuformly  dusky,  the  ujiper 
Miiil  lower  rays  Idaekish,  with  elear  8]iots;  ventral  with  darker  croas 
Hlieaks;  peetorals  with  dark  rings  and  streaks.  Ventral  in  female  prob- 
iilily  much  shorter  than  in  male,  the  eolor  loss  marked.  Three  speeimens 
of  I  his  beautifully  marked  Cottoid  taken  in  Sliana  May,  Iturup  Island, 
hIidw  the  following  characters:  The  branchiostegal  nu'mbraues  are  widely 
joiiii'd  across  the  throat,  narrowly  united  in  front  of  the  middle  line  of 
istliiuiLs,  with  a  rather  wide  free  margin  behind;  lateral  line  without 
|ilut('s;  nasal  spines  small;  I  short  spines  on  preopercular  margin.  The.se 
spicimeus  answer  well  to  the  detailed  deserii»tion  of  the  type,  but  are 


1»1K( 


Itulli'tin  /7,  United  Stales  National  I\fnseutn. 


Ntili   llll)r<«  lll'lllltc,  ill    lIlUl    lll«\\     IMIHNCNH    llllMI);;     tllU    IllU'k   II     llllllllM'r     lit     lllll  III 

tliirU  liuiH  iiltoinittiii^  with  li){lit<-i  ImrM,  the  luniicr  <  oiilliinit  lieiow,  \mi|| 
till' ^;roiiii<l  tMiliir  til'  ili«  Hi<l«H.  Ill  tli<<  liirgcHt  H|M-ciiiM>ii,  7  nii.  Ioiik,  iIh^ 
vitiitml  liiiH  <-.\t<-iiil  only  to  iiitN<>  nC  tliini  anal  my,  Th*'r«  iin-  im  tiil"  i 
(!li«»  nil  tbi-  rii.vH,  jiiitl  tli<-  iiifiiiliruiioH  oxtciitl  ituuriy  to  tipH  oi'  thi)  2  imii  i 
riiyM,  Hiiil  j{  l<*iiK(li  of  llir  inner  niy.  Th<-  vfliitiul  Hpiiiu  iH  hIuuUoi-,  in  aiiy 
iiH  litii^  UN  tlu*  inniM-  my,  aii«l  in  lliinly  ii<liiikt<-  to  oittfi-  ray.  The  Niuiilli  i 
Hp<'riiii«)iis  \iu\  roNprctiMtIv,  I  rill,  uiitl  WJt  ciii.  loii^,  llio  vnitraiN  riailiini; 
ill  itiir  to  IVoiit  of  anal,  in  tlir  otlirr  to  viMit;  IIiih  ar*'  llnt-ly  itohh  iiaiini 
iiior«' vurii-^at<Ml  than  in  till)  typu.  Known  only  IVoiii  HaKhalion  iHlainl,  | 
Hpruiiiiuii  UJ  iiiiii.  loii^  ( llfr/tiiiNtuin),  ami  lliinip  iHlaiul,  wh«trotiNptM'iiiii'ii> 
wviYv  ohtaiiiiul  li\  till-  Alhatronn  in  lK!Hi,  oiir  iluMiriptiou  IVuiii  tUu  lalti  i, 
(Nanii-d  tor  its  «HHc«ivi>rur,  Dr.  ZaiidtT.) 

Aitii/roeiittiii  zimiWH,  IIkh/.knmikin,  Mi'liiiiKeM  Ilio).  Ac.  Iinii.  Sci,,  xill,  18U'J, '.'ID,  Kcrsa- 
kow,  SaKhalien.    (Typf,  No,  tM7U,  Miih,  Ht.  i'tttuiHliury;,    full  Dr.  Zuutlur.) 


I       > 


738.  PORocoTTus,  can. 

Vorneottvt,  (iii.L,  rriir,  Ac.  Nut.  Set,  Pliilii.  IH,*)!),  IWI  (iiiinilrijiliii). 

This  jreiiiiH  cuntainH  Hinall  HciilpiiiH,  tliHtin^iiishril  t'ruin  M!ioxoi'ejihtilii'<\>\ 
the  ]iru.sent'r  of  I  8|)iiies  on  th«)  op«'rclo,  tlii>  iipp*'riiio,st  liring  cnrvril  m 
hooked  npward.  I^owttr  jaw  includud;  1  HiipraHcapnhir  H|iiuo;  latinil 
lin<>  inoditied,  k'^i'iK  **'f  pairs  of  divDr^iii^  branchoH,  with  |>on>H  at  tin  m- 
ends.  Cirri  ultovo  oyr  and  on  n.ipe.  Northern  I'aititlc;  the  spccirs  not 
well   known  and  possibly  reducible  to   1   or  2.     {no/io?,   iwre;    Hornt;, 

VollUH.) 

a.  Dorttnl  rayn  VIII.  i;t  or  14;  niial  rayH  II  or  12. 

b.  ()|ioi'<'lo  with  :i  riilK^M,  tliu  \ii>]K'r  tmdiiiK  in  u  aliurp  flpitio;  por«H  of  lowui  i,ih 

Hllinll;   HllH  low,  SKLLAKl.-^, 'JJt!7. 

bit.  <))M>rculur  HpineB  Willi  duvtiloiMMl;  tins  high;  |ioru«  well  dev«lo|M>d, 

yUADH.MUs,  L'.KW 

bbh.  <)|iun'lo  iin<lt<H<;rib(Ml.  I'OI.aki.s. 'j:;iiu. 

hhbb.  <>|ier('lu  without  rili  or  Hnine.  <<UAl)Uini,i-  .' iTii. 

(«(.  Uoi-Hiil  raya  VI,  10;  auiil  rays  14;  lower  Jaw  with  largo  poroH:  oporciiliir  ,s|.iiii>H 

olmolute.  TKNTAOl'LATls,  LMTl. 


'2:iU7.  POKO'  <>TTVS  NElXAltIS  (Gilbert). 

Head  '2t  to  3  iu  lenjith ;  depth  3i}.  D.  VIII,  14  (13) ;  A.  10  to  12  (nsiiiilly 
11);  P.  16.  I'uirs  of  ]>ore8  in  lateral  lino  32  to  34.  BrancbioHtegals  i). 
Head  cuboid,  the  anterior  prolile  of  suout  Huitvertical,  the  greatest  wiilth 
a  tritle  more  than  the  depth  at  occiput.  ChcekHaubvertical.  lutcrorliitnl 
region  elevated,  the  supraorbital  rim  furnished  po.steriorly  with  a  lnw 
tubercle  which  usually  bears  an  inconspicuous  cirrus.  The  inteiurliiliil 
space  is  rather  wide,  trausversly  concave,  its  least  wi<lth  2!  in  eve. 
Occipital  depression  well  marked,  the  ridges  unbroken,  straight,  conviiir- 
ing  rapidly  backward,  the  distance  between  their  tips  but  jj  that  betwinii 
their  anterior  ends.  From  the  latter,  2  low  ridges  converge  for  a  short  ilis- 
tauce  onto  the  ilour  of  occipital  depression.    The  ridges  do  not  tcrmiuato 


._:?  i:.^\-,^i-^i~''jii 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishcx  of  I\^orth  Amcrka.     1907 


IT    ul     liliiiil 

Im'Iow,  w  nil 
II.  loiiu,  I  bit 
•f  no  tiiliir. 
till)  2  on  III' 
mliM',  III  :ii|y 
Thr  Hl||;il|,'r 

iIh  rrai'liiiiK 
roHN  limiiil, 
oil   LhIiiihI.  I 

It  .SlMM'illlCIIM 
I    tilt)    lilltrl. 


iU'J,  2111,  Korsa. 
lur.) 


roceithtiliix  \>\ 
ijj  ciirvrd  iir 
lino;  lati'iiil 
lon-H  at  tlii'ir 

L)  HpfCil'H   imt 


)!•<' 


Hornii, 


o(  liiwoi    law 

■*Ki.i,Aiii>,  •.';)«". 
1. 

ADUATl's. 'JltlW 

I'OI.AIlls,  JltW. 

liltll'M.l>  .'ITli. 

IKI'IMlllir   .s|>llll'H 

,:rLATi'H,'j;i71. 


^'2  (nsiially 
ioBtegals  )). 
ateHt  wiiltli 

nterorliitiil 
with  u  low 
interoi'liital 

2,1    in  eye. 

it,  convcij;- 
lat  bi'twiini 

!i  short  (lis- 
)t  toriuiuato 


Ml  <plneN,  lint  hoarHinnll  cirri  Nlinilar  to  tliono  above  oyn.  I,il<i>  tho  lattor, 
til  y  may  li«  imliHtinrt  or  wnntin^.  Ma\lilarv  rrai'iiinjf  xortiial  t'roin 
piistfrior  iiiiirt{iii  of  |in|>il,  'J\  in  lioati;  oyo  Sji,  Hli^^litly  flsi>«<o<linu  Hnoiit. 
N;i^:il  H|tiiioH  v«Ty  Htroii){,  Two  nliort  NpiiioH  tlivi>r){<<  from  an^^lu  of  |ir<«- 
o|.ri'lo,  the  iippor  oiio  Hli)i;litly  <'iirvu<l,  ilirertrd  n|nvanl  nii*l  ha<-kwaril, 
:iii>  <liaiii«tt!r  of  orltit,  llm  iiiwor  «lirr<'ti-<l  Htrai^jiit  harkwarti,  i  tlio 
li'ir^th  of  tlio  upper  Olio,  lielow  tiioHo  a  sliort  HpiiioiiH  iiroJiTtinii  <'on- 
n  ili'il  in  till)  Hkin,  and  a  lon^or  Njiiii*)  dirtxltxl  downward  and  forward; 
o|i>  11  It)  with  It  li>n);tliwiN«f  liil^im,  tl")  iippernioMt  ending;  in  adulinite  sharp 
H|iiiii);  Hnbo)it)ri'nlar  Hpine  well  tl<)Vfhi))fld ;  1  also  at  po^'tttrior  t  ntl  ttf  intta- 
o|ii  I'cit),  and  I  at  Nhonlder.  tiill  iiieinliriini)s  liroatlly  joiiiDil  to  iNlliiiiiiH, 
with  a  wiilo  frun  folil  ptiMtoriorly ;  a  few  Hinall  ]iri(!kly  plateH  behind  axil 
iif  |)i'i>torulN;  Hkin  otherwise  mnootli;  tieeipnt  aiitl  na|i«)  thickly  eoveretl 
Willi  ininiitt)  •lurinal  papillie,  interH|ierHi><l  with  very  Hiiiall  inniixiH  ptireM, 
wliii'li  are  diHtribnted  alHo  t>ver  tht)  antorior  jiart  ttf  the  liDail ;  portiH  on 
miiiiilililo  antl  ]ireo|i()ren]ar  iiiur(;in  Hiiiall,  not  better  tlevolopotl  than  in 
iitliKr  Hpet'les  of  I'lirocollim.  Lateral  line  (fiviiif;  oil'  paiiH  of  Hhort  tliverj;- 
iii;;  liraiudies,  at  tho  tipH  ttf  whitdi  art)  tht)  pores.  liitrHalH  ettnnt>ett>tl  at 
i'\lrt)iiie  buHt);  ttttft  ilorsal  tDnninatiiiK  Hli^rhtly  behintl  tho  anal;  tinH  all 
low;  ventraln  itiaehin^  vont;  jteetoralH  to  oppttsitt)  tliinl  ray  ttf  anal. 
Color  in  spirits:  lJ|ipt)r  jtartu  brttwnish,  with  L'  very  ettnHpieiioiiH  whito 
Hiiilille-Hhaitetl  bars  uxtcntlin^  downwartl  anil  forwarti  from  baok,  tho 
liist,  about  as  wido  aH  ttrbil,  oxtoiitlin;;  from  below  tht)  iloiHal  noteli  in  a 
sti'Mi^lit  lint)  towartl  lower  axil  ttf  pot'turals,  iniliitlinK  nhovt),  the  pttsterior 
iiiiiri;in  of  Hpinoiis  ilorsal,  antl  tho  extreme  basal  portion  ttf  liiHt  rayH  ttf 
Nol't  iloraal ;  tho  socontl  bar  inelntlin;;  dorsally  the  torininal  jtortion  of  Hoft 
ilmsal  onto  which  it  extends,  antl  tht>  antiM'ior  portittn  of  i  iindul  petlnnelt); 
likr  tho  antorior  bar,  it  is  varialilo  in  witlth,  extontlin;;  forwanl  and  tlown- 
wiinl  to  below  eantlal  podiinclo;  the  f^rttnntl  eoior  boeoining  inteiiHiliod 
.'iIoiil;  tho  marj^iiiH  of  tlioHo  li;rht  barn;  eantlal  with  a  li^ht  basal  bar  whieh 
lii'i'oiiieH  widoned  and  ]iiiro  whito  in  its  lowvr  half,  atliliii)^  A  to  tho  Hories 
ot  roiiHpieiiDnH  liv;ht  markin^H;  in  hoiiio  H]>ceiinenH,  tht)so  white  bars  are 
liiiU't'd  with  browniHh,  heiine  loss  eonspli-iiitns;  under  ]tartH  whitish;  lips 
and  lower  jaw  with  lij^ht  antl  tlark  cross  bars,  whieh  aro  often  indiHtiiict; 
lii'aiirliiitsteo;al  meniliranoH  aomotimns  with  imlistinet  eross  bars;  tho 
iliiikir  interspafifs  bolow  soft  tlorsal  antl  ttn  eantlal  petlunelo  nsnally 
I'lii'iK'li)  tho  hotly  bolow,  but  are  sttmotinieH  (in  males)  broken  on  middle 
III'  sides  with  spots  and  blotehes  ttf  whito  (see  lifrnro  in  Nelson's  ro])t)rt 
citeil  below);  axil  of  ]iectoralH  nsnally  with  2  ronnd  white  spots,  most 
iliHtiiiet  in  males;  banal  iiortion  of  anterior  faee  of  poctorala  dusky  or 
Itlaik,  in  males  with  2  ronntl  white  spctts;  tin  distally  barretl  with  lijjht 
and  dark;  eantlul  eross  barred;  anal  antl  vontrals  with  faint  crosa  bars, 
or  plain;  tlorsal  blackish.  Taken  abundantly  in  Itristol  Itay,  Itorin^  Sea, 
and  iieiirhborins  parts  of  tho  Arctic,  in  depths  5  to  17  fathoms.  We  aro 
iiiiMhIo  to  follow  Dr.  Boan  in  idoutifyinjj  this  liah  with  I'orocottHH  qiuniri- 
,/i/i«.  (iill  (l»roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  18.'t!),  16(i).  Tlio  latter  is  deaeribod 
iiH  having  a  single  hookotl  ]trottporenlar  a])iiio,  an  ojtorelo  withont  rib  or 
spiiio,  antl  largo  pores  on  bead  and  lower  Jaw.     None  of  these  applioa  to 


M 


p. 
w 


1908         Bulletin  ^j,  United  States  National  Miisaim. 


tho  i»ro8ciit  8j)oricH.  /'.  <pmdr\fi\\s  is  also  said  to  liavo  5  braiuhioHtc  il 
rays,  l»ut  this  jh  poHsihly  an  error.  It  is  also  <lfi8«rilte(l  jih  having  a  hIcikIi  r 
Hiiitrrcilimy  filaiiMMit,  and  1  on  (•;u'li  side  of  the  nii])e.  \Vo  do  not  lind^ 
t(»  oH'Hct  tliOHc,  any  drtiiilH  in  iho  orijcfinal  d«8<Tiittion  which  agrno  stii]<- 
iii<;ly  with  onr  fish,  even  tho  color  boing  iMiip])licabh\  (Gilbert.)  (xella, n,, 
8addl<!d.) 

i'olhit  i/vadrlJillK,  ]!i:an,  in  Nklhon's  Ilrport  Nut.  Ui.sf.  <UA\.  in  AIiihUii,  300,  pi.  IH,  lysT; 

not  I'liriicDtliiK  iivnilri/ilh,  (in.i.. 
Afiaiitlioriilliis  tifUaris,  >ill,lii;iiT,  Report    I".  S.  Ki.sli  (Jinnni.  IWKi  (ISStfl),  Hil,  Bristol  B:iy, 

at  Albatross  Stations  3339,  3131,  and  others,  in  5  to  17  fathoms. 

2»«S.  1M>ltO(  OTTUK  ({lADRATirK,  11.  A.  15<  an.  new  spwieH. 

Moau  2(1;  do])th  3'i;  oyc  SA  in  head;  mandiblo  HA;  maxillary  .S;  inicr- 
orbital  width  2  in  oyo.  D.  VIII,  11;  A.  12;  V.  I,  iJ;  P.  !(!.  Head  ralli.T 
Hhort  and  broad,  (|iiadran<<iilar;  prolilo  from  tip  of  npper  Jaw  aHccndinfr 
and  theiico  gently  Hloping  upward  to  orif;in  of  dorsal,  from  which  ]i(iint 
almost  vt^'tically  to  end  of  n.'isal  Kpii'e,  nmnding  over  orbital  lidgc,  the 
liody  gradually  ta]>eiing  to  tho  tail,  the  depth  of  the  eandal  peduncle  bei-ii, 
cont.'iined  about  I5.1  times  in  greatest  depth  of  body,  (iill  membiiuifs 
united  and  forming  a  fold  across  the  isthmus.  Opercular  spines  well 
developed,  the  lowermost  on  o])orcle  and  that  on  preopercle  being  ciir\ cd 
downward  and  u)»wai'd.  Cranial  ridges  ending  in  spines  of  small  si/o. 
Numerous  jjores  on  head,  those  in  front  visible  to  the  naked  eye;  tubnhir 
pores  on  body,  especially  above  anal  base,  whore  they  a))pe.ar  to  the  naked 
eye  as  raksed  white  specks.  Fins  all  well  developed,  large;  length  of  lirst 
dorsal  )»aso  little  more  than  .J  length  of  secoiul ;  anal  tin  origin  under  tliini 
and  fourth  rays  of  second  dorsal  and  ending  opjiosite  its  last  ray;  leiij^th 
of  hmgest  dorsal  spine  about  J  as  long  as  longest  ray,  or  equal  it  ler.:^tli 
(d"  longest  anal  ray;  jtectorals  large;  and  broad;  ventrals  reaching  jmst 
anal  origin.  Color  reddish  brown,  relieved  by  nnich  white;  under  ])ai'ts 
whitish;  head  above  and  below  brown,  tlecked  with  white;  lips  jiale:  a 
broad  white  half  bar  on  body  extending  from  end  of  spinous  dorsal  td 
fourth  ray  of  second  dorsal,  another  extending  from  sixth  to  ninth  my, 
and  a  third  from  last  ray  to  near  end  of  caudiil  peduncle,  which  it  oncii- 
cles  in  connection  with  a  dark  bar,  the  lafter  extending  on  the  caudal  lin ; 
pectorals  and  caudal  barred;  ventrals  with  round  black  blotches  forniiiii; 
rows  on  the  rays.  Hering  Island;  only  the  typo  known.  (H.  A.  ]>ean.) 
(Type,  No.  33875,  l^  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  a  single  example  3  inches  long,  I?eriii}]; 
Island,  1883;  c(dlected  by  Dr.  L.  Stejneger.)     (qHadraliiH,  four-angled.) 

Porncoltus  (jiiailratiw,  l\.  A.  I'.ean  MS.,  in  .Touuan  &  (iiLiiEUT,  Kept.  Fur  Seal  Invimi-a 
tionH,  1808,  Bering  Islard. 

23«9.  POIIOCOTTIIS  POIi.iUIS  (Sabine). 

This  very  imperfectly  described  sjtecies  is  no  doubt  allied  to  rorocollns 
silhtna  and  ^luadriJlHa.     It  is  thus  characterized:  I).  N'l,  13;  1*.  lo;  \  .  .'>; 
A.  It;  C.  14  (Sabine).     I).  ¥111,13;  T.  15;  V.  .5;  A.  15;  C.  12  to  14  (Kos<) 
This  species  is  compared  by  Captain  Sabine  to  Cottua  (joblo,  but  that  lias 


I" 


Jordan  and  Rvermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1999 


the  head  iilmoHt  iintiniKMl.  It  agrees  with  Cottiis  (Knophriia)  vUtv'ujer  in 
I  lie  iiuinher  of  rnyN  in  tlin  Uorsal,  but  its  ventrula  are  descrilxMl  as  having 
iiior*^  rayn  than  usuiil  in  this  genus.  Capt.  .1.  C  Rush  intorniH  us  that  it 
xttldont  exceeds  2  inclics  i  '.  lengtli,  ami  that  it  is  very  abundant  on  theeast 
vide  of  tlie  peninsuhi  of  Hootliia,  affording  a  plentiful  supply  of  food  to 
the  nnnierous  waterfowl  wliich  limed  there.  "A  species  of  CoHim,  similar 
III  haliits  to  C.  fiohio,  very  .idundant  on  the  shores  of  north  (ieorgia  (lat. 
75'J),  inhaliiting  the  pools  of  wiiter  left  l»y  the  tide,  and  the  mouths  of 
small  rivulets  l»y  which  the  snow  on  nud ting  found  it'  waj' t<»  the  sea; 
tlie  largest  individual  did  not  cijual  2  inches  in  length;  the  head  is  more 
i'()m]>re8sed  and  not  so  much  flattened  as  in  the  ColttiH  qumlficornis,  and  is 
armed  with  2  strong  spines  |tlaced  l>efore  and  between  the  »\ve8;  the  gill 
lovers  are  also  armed  with  1  st.  .lUg  spines;  the  pe<toral  tins  ar<'  larger  in 
|iroportion  than  those  of  ('.  (jolno,  antl  the  upper  Jaw  rather  exceeds  the 
lower;  the  lateral  lines  are  furnished  with  a  series  of  small  tubercles 
directed  backward;  color  light,  with  clusters  of  minute  dusky  8i)OtH." 
(Richardson;  tjuoted  from  Sabine.)  Not  re<'ogni/ed  by  recent  writers. 
Liitkeu  compares  it  with  /cc/'.'s  hiconiia,  but  it  must  be  <litferent,  and  it 
may  be  identical  with  I'orocotlus  <iuadr\fiUa;  it  is  at  least  a  PorocottiiH. 
( polarix,  ])oliir.^ 

Ciithts  %iolaris,  Saiiink,  Ai>p.  Parry's  First  Vovafje,  <'('Xiit,  north  Georgia;  J.  C.  lioss, 
App.  i.iu;  Ki('HARi>8(JN,  Fauna  Jtorcali-Aiiiericaiia,  ni,  41!,  183G;  Jouuan  ^^  (iu.iiEKT, 
SynupHiH,  70G. 


ir  Seal  IiivcHiiu;i 


2870.  P»RO<;OTTrs  ({ITADRIFILIS,  Gill. 

This  species  is  known  only  from  Dr.  (UU's  account,  as  fcdlows: 

"  D.  VIII,  13.  The  color  is  purple,  irregularly  spotted  with  black.  There 
IS  a  dark  spot  under  the  eye,  and  another  on  the  maxillary.  The  dorsals, 
caiulal,  and  pectorals  are  irregularly  variegated  with  black.  On  the  pec- 
torals there  is  a  dark  spot  at  the  upper  axilla,  aud  tiuother  larger  one 
twiird  the  middle  of  the  base.  There  is  a  slender  superciliary  filament 
iiiid  1  on  e.ch  side  of  the  nape.  It  is  to  the  presence  of  these  that  the 
specific  name  is  designed  to  draw  attention.  Specimens  were  obtained  in 
Hdi'ing  Straits  at  the  same  time  as  liorcocottua  axiUaria,  Gill." 

The  genus  I'orocottua,  Gill,  is  thus  described: 

"  Body  anteriorly  subcylindrical,  rapidly  declining  to  the  caudal.  Skin 
naked.  Lateral  line  opening  by  jtores  in  raised  papilhe,  under  a  cutaneous 
keel.  Head  larg(^  and  depressed,  subrhomboidiil.  Nasal  spines  small. 
I'reopercle  with  a  single  hooked  spine.  Opercle  v.ithout  a  lougitiuliiial 
lib  or  spine.  Large  pores  under  the  hnver  J.iw  and  on  various  parts  of 
the  head.  Mouth  moderate.  Teeth  on  the  jaws  and  front  of  the  vomer. 
Ibanchiostegal  membrane  continuous  under  the  throat,  but  attached 
iilong  the  middle  to  the  throat,  alnu>st  as  far  as  the  margin.  Branchios- 
tcgal  r.'iys  5.  Dorsals  separate;  the  first  low,  the  second  oblong  jiud 
opposite  the  anal.  Ventrals  smtill,  behind  the  pectorals,  each  with  a 
spine  and  3  soft  rays.  The  I'orocotti  have  ii  strong  """"uiblance  to  the 
lloreocoUi,  but  are  distinguished  by  the  naked  skin,  hooked  pieoper(!ular 


2000         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


..* 


W'. 


spine,  the  absenco  of  a  lotigitndinal  rib  on  tbe  operclo,  numerous  p«)ri 
and  tbe  presence  of  only  5  brnncbioHte<;al  rays.    (Gill.)" 
Not  recojijnizfd  by  recent  collectors,     {quutuor,  four;  filum,  tiliiniont. ) 

I'oroeottuii  i/uadrifiliii,  Gill,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  Phila.,  1859, 166,  Bering  Straits. 
Cuttu*  ijvadrijilit,  Juruan  &  Giluekt,  .SynopHis,  708, 1883. 


2871.  POROI'OTTIIS  TENTACULATIJS  (Knor). 

Head  3i.  D.  Vl-16  or  17;  A.  14  or  1.5;  V.  I,  13,  P.  14  or  15.  Head  siimH. 
nioutb  small,  tbe  lower  Jaw  included;  eye  large,  3  in  bead,  longer  tban 
snout;  interorbital  space  cbannel-lil<e,  less  tban  i  diameter  of  eye;  n 
sbarp  spine  ))efore  «!acb  eye,  on  wbicb  is  a  fringed  tentacle;  8upraocul:ii' 
ridge  ending  in  a  )>Iunt,  forked,  bony  knob,  on  wbi<-b  is  a  small  thread- 
like tentacle;  the  quadrangular  interspace  between  these  two  sots  oi' 
tentacles  is  excavated;  preopercular  spine  long,  curved  upwards,  ij  diam- 
eter of  eye;  the  second  spine  much  shorter  and  turned  backward;  2 
spines  lower,  turned  downward;  suboperclc  with  a  spine  turned  down- 
ward; a  similar  one  on  opercle;  maxillary  reaching  to  middle  of  eye; 
lower  jaw  with  large  pores.  Dorsal  fins  low,  the  rays  llexible,  the  two 
close  together;  ventrals  re.'iching  vent;  pectorals  i)a8t  beginning  of  anal. 
Skin  of  body  wholly  naked;  lateral  lino  complete,  bending  downw;.  m 
caudal  peduncle.  Color  clear  brown,  darker  above,  the  head  al..»VL  .snii 
a  few  large  dark  brown  spots,  which  Ibrm  obscure  bands,  1  of  these  from 
front  of  eye  across  upper  lip,  second  l>ioader  from  eye  across  subopercli'; 
lower  Jaw  speckled;  throat  and  breast  plain  yellowish;  back  with  about 
6  dark  cross  bands,  those  most  anterior  the  broadest;  sides  of  body  witli 
a  network  of  brown  streaks  around  pale  .spots;  a  large  bright  yellow  spot 
at  base  of  caudal;  fins  all  finely  spotted  with  whitish  and  dotted  wiili 
dark,  the  caudal  with  .5  or  6  dark  cross  bands;  pectorals  faintly  barred 
(Kner.)  A  single  specimen,  2  inches  long,  said  to  be  from  Singapore,  wliidi 
is  of  course  an  error.  It  probably  came  from  the  Pacific  coast  of  Asin. 
perhaps  from  Yezo  or  Decastris  Bay.  As  Kner  has  indicated,  this  spec  ics 
has  much  in  common  with  Porocottna  tjuadrifilh,  but  the  fin  rays  are  iiioic 
numerous.  It  is,  however,  not  impossible  that  the  two  are  identical  and 
both  may  be  identical  with  /^  sellaria  and  P.  polarh.  {tentaculatua,  l)ear- 
ing  tentacles.) 

Cothis  tentaailatnt,  Kner,  Sitzbor.  Aktwl.  Wisa.  Wien,  Lvni,  1868,  22,  taf.  5,  fig.  12,  Singa- 
pore; evidently  an  error.    (No.  5591a  Wien  Mus.) 


': 


739.  ONCOCOTTUS,  Gill. 

Onrocottus,  G\LL.  Proo.  Ac.  Kat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1862,  13  {ijvailrieornis). 

This  genus  contains  small  sculjiins  allied  to  Miioxocephalua,  but  wit li 
4  preopercular  spines,  the  uppermost  b'iing  straight;  a  rather  largo  slit 
behind  the  last  gill  arch ;  the  lateral  lino  chain-like  in  form.  Mouth  small. 
tbe  lower  jaw  included,   tbe  dentition  as  in   Myoxocephalna.     Isthniiis 


eroim  pon  ^, 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2001 


narrow,  the  ^ill  ineinbraueH  Ibrtniii^  a  broad  fold  across  it,  males  with 
rough  gtollattt  tubercles  »Dd  with  the  crest  on  top  of  heiid  rough  and 
liirnicd  like  the  comb  of  a  cock,  these  little  developed  in  the  female. 
Hones  of  head  Honiewhat  cavernous,  but  less  so  than  in  Trhiloptiis,  from 
wliicli  genns  OnrovottuH  is  scarcely  distinct.  Species  eircunipolai',  probably 
it'thieible  to  <uie.     (o;k«i»?,  hook;  Morroi,  CoUiih.) 

a.  Atliuitie.  HjiecioH;  luuxilliiry  short ;  poctonil  iiio«lerate ;  vandal  roniulcd. 

liiAnRiconMS,  2372. 
aa.  Ai'ctit'.  Aiiiericun  H])('cieM ;  iiiaxillaiy  liin;j;ui' :  pvctoriil  Idiigcr;  ctiiidiil  truncate. 

HEXACOKMS,  23711. 


fig.  12,  Singa- 


9»79,  ONrOCOTTIIS  qrADRICOBXIS  (Linnnpus). 

I  lead  3i ;  depth  4 ;  eye  4  in  head.  D.  VIII  or  IX-14 ;  A.  13  or  14 ;  c.-eca  7 ; 
xertebrai  40;  lateral  liii«  4.5.  liody  rather  slender,  the  caudal  peduncle 
vovy  slender.  Head  lonjj,,  tapering  forward;  month  large,  the  maxillary 
reaching  to  below  posterior  margin  of  eye;  lower  jaw  included;  bones  of 
lieid  below  eye  cavernims,  as  in  Trighj)8ts  tliompsoni,  but  less  so;  preopercle 
with  2  long,  diverging  spines,  the  upper  and  bmger  not  quite  reaching 
opercular  margin;  oixTcular  and  scapular  spines  quite  short;  adult  male 
w  ith  a  rugo.se  spine,  broader  and  expanded  at  tip  like  a  cock's  comb  above 
each  eye  ^losteriorly,  and  a  similar  one  on  each  side  of  occiput;  these 
si)iues  smaller  in  the  female  and  the  young.  Males  with  irregular  series 
of  round,  rough,  wart-like  scales  above  the  lateral  line,  these  wanting  in 
llie  female;  lateral  line  chain-like,  with  small  embedded  plates;  head 
naked.  First  dorsal  convex,  of  Klon<ler  spines,  well  separated  from 
second,  which  is  rather  high,  the  l(>nge8t  ray  1  j  in  head ;  pectorals  reaching 
anal;  ventrals  m«)derate;  caudal  rounded.  A  moderate  slit  behind  l.-ist 
gill.  Color  little  variegated;  olivaceous  above;  the  fins  faintly  spotted. 
Arctic  regions,  south  to  the  ;3iiltic  Sea,  westward  to  eastern  Oreenland. 
Hit  is  identical  with  O.  hcxacornis,  its  range  extends  westward  to  Siberia, 
and  its  distribution  is  circumpolar.  It  is  abundant  in  the  eastern  Baltic 
and  in  Lakes  Ladoga  and  Onega  where  it  is  dwarfish  in  size,  vritho'.it  the 
horns  on  front  and  najie;*  north  to  the  White  Sea  and  Nova  Zembla.  It 
is  said  to  be  rare  in  England  and  eastern  Greenland;  unknown  in  western 
(Iroenland.  Dr  Tjiitken  has  compared  sjiecimens  from  eastern  Greenland 
with  others  from  the  lialtic  and  finds  no  difference  except  that  the  inter- 
orbital  space  in  European  examples  is  more  concavr .  O.  Iiexacornis  is  found 
in  tlM^  waters  of  Arctic  America  and  may  not  be  dift'erent.  (quatuor,  four; 
coniii,  Lorn). 

dotlus  quadiicornis,  LiKNiEDP,  Syst.  Nat  ,Ed.x,  J64,  1758,  Baltic  Sea;  OrNTiiER,  Cut.,  ii, 
166,  18G0:  LihKEN,  Vid.  Med.  K.jiib.,  87,  1876;  Day.  Fisli.  Great  Krit.,53, 1880;  Jordan 
&  fJiLnERT,  Synopsis,  705,  1883. 

OrcocDttvt  >iuadric(>rni»,  Gnx,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phili*.  1862, 13. 

.'  Acanthocottus  labratloricut,  GntARD,  Boat.  Journ.  Nat.  llist., vi,  1850, 247 pi.  7.  fig.  3.,  coast 
of  Labrador;  female. 


'  Tlicse  dwarf  sjiecinienH  may  not  bo  scjiai'able  from  Triiilojm*,  wliicli  geniis  is  evidently 
(It-rived  from  the  lacustrine  degradation  of  Oncocutlus. 


T 


il 


2002  Ihdletin  47,  United  States  National  Jlfusenm. 


it 


'i87S.  OXnUOrrrS  IIKXA<'0KNIS  (KUImnlHon). 

1).  VIII  or  IX,  14  <»!•  15;  A.  14  or  15;  P.  17;  V.  I,  iJ;  Hr.  6.  Ilfud  HJ  (t„ 
end  ofoperciiliir  Hpiiic);  »',v<'5;  Huoiit  IJJ ;  iiitrrorltitul  spaco  (!A ;  maxillnv 
2.  lioily  sloiidcr,  tapering  gruduully  from  the  rathei  narrow  duprnssi d 
head  to  a  vory  Hlendur  eaiidal  peduncle;  inontli  larg<)  an  1  hori/contal;  tlw^ 
maxillary  reaching  ^tast  the  orliit:  lower  Jaw  Bhorter  ♦li'.::  Liie  upper  Imt 
not  quite  included  within  it.  The  Hpint^  on  tlic  head  an)ooth  and  witliont 
tubercles  or  warts.  In  ])Iaee  of  the  su]>raocu]Mr  and  oicipital  spines  tlu  ri' 
are  4  1ar<>e  bony  olevationH,  each  niueh  reHembling  the  comb  of  a  cck  k, 
their  upper  surfaces  rough  and  scabrous.  (In  the  young  those  I  big  hones 
are  very  small  or  warty.)  The  occipital  ridges  scareoly  elevated  :iiii| 
inclosing  an  oblong  and  slightly  concave  area  narrowest  posteriorly  mihI 
running  into  the  ccmcave  interorbital  space  anteriorly;  nasal  spines  well 
developed  and  in  the  older  lish  inclined  to  be  club-8ha))ed  and  scabrous; 
n])per  angle  of  the  siiperclavicle  pndonged  posteriorly  into  a  strong  spirir, 
its  upper  surface  scabrous;  Just  at  the  base  and  immediately  in  front  dl  it 
a  much  smaller  spine  or  tubercle  cm  the  posterior  end  of  the  post-tcni]i((r;il 
bone;  a  spine  almost  concealed  in  mt^mbrane  Just  above  base  of  pectonil; 
preoperdc  wi  th  4  spines,  the  npper  equaling  the  orbit  in  length  and  extend- 
ing upward  ajid  backward,  in  some  curved  slightly  inward,  covered  with 
membrane  for  about  h  its  length;  the  second  H])ine  immediately  at  tlie 
base  of  tlu^  lirst  and  is  \  as  long,  stiaight,  and  extending  outward  jinil 
backward;  the  third,  found  farther  <lown,  curved  downward;  the  fomtli, 
at  the  lower  angle  of  the  preoperde,  directed  forward  and  <lownward  ami 
sometimes  entirely  covered  by  membrane;  opercular  spine  rather  strong,  its 
point  raised  from  the  membrane  and  not  reaching  end  of  opercular  ll;i|i. 
There  is  a  slender  sharf)  spine  at  the  lowei-  angle  of  the  opercle,  latenil 
line  running  rather  high  and  composed  of  elongated  rectangular  plates, 
each  with  a  concave  depression  at  either  end,  thus  making  a  row  of  eliij)- 
tical  depressions  along  the  lateral  line;  the  plates  not  present  on  tin- 
posterior  half  of  the  caudal  peduncle ;  above  the  lateral  line  a  row  of  rough 
cir<'nlar  osseous  plates,  beginning  on  the  nai»e  and  running  to  the  b.Ksc 
of  the  caudal,  gradually  becoming  snuiller  and  nearer  together;  under 
the  second  dorsal  this  row  is  double;  below  the  lateral  line  and  beneatli 
the  second  dorsal  about  8  irregular  rows  of  similar  l>ut  smaller  plates. 

Adult  female. — First  dorsal  lower  than  in  male,  scircely  rounded  poste- 
riorly but  sloping  almost  gradually  toward  the  base  of  the  second  dorsal; 
thiid  and  fourth  spines  longest  and  eciual  to  Icrgth  of  snout;  second  dor 
sal  about  twice  as  high  as  Hrst  and  varying  a  great  deal  in  shape,  tlie 
membrane  scarcely  incised,  the  lirst  3  or  1  rays  with  rough,  prickly 
edges;  anal  oblong  and  slightly  rounded,  the  middle  rays  longer  tliuii 
snout,  the  membrane  between  the  rays  not  incised;  pectoral  scarcely 
reaching  front  of  second  dorsal,  lirst  2  or  3  rays  rough  on  their  outer  edue, 
the  membrane  not  incised;  caudal  not  rounded  but  truncated  with  ratlar 
sharp  corners,  10  developed  rays,  8  of  them  branched;  ventrals  reaching  i 
to  the  vent,  the  inner  ray  no  longer  than  the  middle  one. 

Adult  male. — The  first  dorsal  higher  than  in  the  female,  the  third  and 
fourth  rays  longest  and  equal  in  length  to  the  distance  from  snout  to 
middle  of  eye,  posterior  end  of  lin  more  rounded ;  second  dorsal  more  tlian 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     2003 


twico  iiH  lii>;li  IIS  lii'Ht,  the  moiiihriim'  l»otw«rn  tlie  riiyH  (lecply  uicisod,  tlio 
interior  rays  projoctiii};  Cor  iiciirly  i  their  Inigtli  l>oyi>u«I  tlio  itieinltrti.u>, 
lilt)  iiiombraiic  following;  iimiuikI  tin)  odgo  of  Ww.  projcctinj^  rayH,  tlio  rays 
>cabroiiH  on  tli<;ir  Hides;  anal  oldoii^,  Itiit  nn>ri'i  ini<;iilar  than  in  t'tMnah-, 
(lie  longest  ray  reaehing  Croni  snont  to  ]>OHiunor  edgo  of  (nhit ;  I  ho  nieni- 
liiiiiio  between  the  lirst  4  rays  (|nite  deeply  incised,  onter  edg  •  of  rays 
Hiiihions;  veutrals  reaching  !  to  vent,  the  inner  ray  longest. 

Color. — In  the  ytning  the  ••olor  is  gray  above  nnd  white  beneath,  a  dark 
^adfUe  marking  over  the  back  at  the  center  of  the  tirst  dorsal;  iinother 
similar  marking  ntider  the  anterior,  ami  another  under  the  posterior  end 
(if  the  second  dorsal;  a  dark  spot  the  si/e  of  the  eye  on  top  of  the  <-andal 
piuliinele  and  midway  in  its  length  (the  young  may  be  distingnished  at  a 
ulanee  by  this  marking  on  top  of  the  caudal  pednncle) ;  a  V-shaped  marking 
at  the  base  of  the  candal  with  the  angle  of  the  V  on  the  lat«>ral  line  and 
ilirectcd  forward  ;  this  marking  in  the  older  spoeimeii  extends  Ibrward  into 
I  lie  pednncle  spot;  the  candal  is  marked  by  2  vertical  wavy  bands  (ni 
its  ))Osterior  half,  the  first  one  the  wider,  the  last  one  at  the  tijts  of  the 
rays;  these  bands  are  solid,  extending  across  the  rays  and  membrane;  the 
pectorals  are  dark  at  tlu^  base,  the  rest  marked  by  ;{  vertical  black  bars; 
the  first  dorsal  is  slightly  dusted  with  black,  the  second  is  slightly  mot- 
tled with  black,  but  with  no  bars;  the  anal  has  3  or  1  vertical  dark  l>ars. 
Ill  the  adults  the  general  ajipearance  of  the  (ish  is  very  much  darker, 
almost  black;  the  lower  jtarts  are  light;  the  markings  an-  not  so  distinct; 
the  tins  except  the  venlials  are  all  dark,  and  the  markings  (ui  tbopectoials, 
caudal,  and  anal  inn  together  into  solid  black;  the  lower  parts,  espt-cially 
ill  the  males  brilliantly  colored  with  red.  (.Scoheld.)  Arctic  waters  of 
America,  from  west«'rii  (Jreeiilaiid  to  Heriiig  Straits.  This  fish  seems  to 
(litVer  fnmi  Oncocottns  quudritiornh  from  the  Baltic  Sea,  having  a  longer 
iiiaxillaiy,  hmger  pectorals,  and  a  8(|narc-ciit  candal  fin.  All  these  cliarac- 
(eis  are  of  doubtful  value,  and  the  sp<'cies  may  be  the  same  as  the  European 
(>.  </nadricornls.  We  can  find  no  good  ditVereiice  between  our  specimen  and 
a  small  on«^  from  Arctit;  Jiay,  western  (Jreeiiland  (received  from  Prof. 
D'Arcy  W.  Thompson).  The  fish  figured  by  Nelson  as  CoUuh  <iuadricornia 
(Nelson,  Natural  History  of  Alaska)  is  probably  the  same  as  the  one  lu-re 
(lescrib<Ml,  but  ac<oiding  to  the  ;ligure  there  are  several  differences. 
.Scofield  and  Scale  found  this  fish  very  abundant  along  the  shores  of  Her- 
chel  Island.  It  was  about  the  only  tish  to  be  found  where  the  bottom  was 
muddy.  A  few  young  were  taken  at  Point  Barrow,  aud  at  Port  ('lareiK-o, 
both  young  and  <dd;  3  of  the  young  wen*  found  in  the  river  back  of 
friantly  Harbor.     (/f|,  six;  corH«,  horn.) 

Ciittus  hexacornis,*  Richahdson,  Kraiikhn's  Journal,  1823, 7L><5,  mouth  of  Tree  River  near 
Ooppermine  River  (Coll.  .lolin  Franklin)-  Richardson,  Fau'.a  IJor.Aincr.,  ui,  44, 
1836;  (JCNTiiEurat.,  n.  106,  1860. 

Acanthocottus  labradoricus,  GniARO,  Host.  Jouni.  Nat.  Hist,  vi,  18r)0,  247,  pi.  7,  tig.  3, 
Coast  of  Labrador. 

Oncocottuti  hexaconiix,  Scofield,  in  Jordan  A.  Gilbert,  Rejit.  Fur  Seal  Invest.,  1898. 


*  Cottus  hexacoitiis,  Richardson   was  thus  originally  described  : 

D.  VII,  13;  A.  ;  C.  12;  P.  16;  Ur.  6.  Head  large  and  depressed.  Eyes  large.  Six 
ilubsliaped,  or  ratlier  iiail'Slia)>o(l,  jn'occssos  stiiiid  erect  on  tlie  top  of  the  head,  their 
siiiiuuiti)  tlattisb,  minutely  cancellated  and  scabrous;   the  smallest  pair  st.tnd  between 


J-: 


2004  niilktin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


;:'.-' 


Ciittiii  lithradonciit,*  Oi?NTHKB,  Cat.,  ii,  103, 1860;  Hean,  Proo.  V.  S.  Not.  Miih.,  iv,  1881,  ijh 
JoKUAN  iV  (iii.iiKit'i',  SviioiiHig,  7U4,  1883. 


the  nareH;  tho  larjicHt  over  the  pogtorlor  nn((leH  of  the  orhitn,  niid  the  third,  of  inii  r 
iiit'iliato  Hi/.c,  on  tliu  occiiiiit.  'I'hn  moiitli  in  very  capacioiiH;  itH  niar|;iiis  iin^  i'oniiril  l,v 
thn  iiil<'riiiaxilliiri(^H  and  lower  ,inw;  llio  inuxillarieit  havu  an  clonpitod  wt'd^o  t'orni,  ^umI 
lio  in  a  nionihranu  lirhiiid  tint  intcnnaMllariox.  llolii  Jaws  and  vonii-r  iiu>  nvtwUU  IuiikU 
of  I)  toctli.  I'n  vi^loiii'H.  Tonfinu  oblnHO  and  Hinooth,  a.s  are  lhi>  jialalo  and  niaxilliiric'i 
'i'lu!  )>ri-o|))-ri'iilnni  is  arn)ed  licncatli  with  ;<  Htron};,  di'varii'att'd  HpincH,  tlir  ]>08terioi' iumv 
wliii'li  nieaMnieH  J  inrli,  Ix-ini;  the  lont;i'Ht.  The  Kill  coverH  ai'<<  t'onipimed  of  Hi'v*-nil  Iiihk  ^ 
connected  hy  incnihranc,  andnrnn'd  on  the  exterior  ed};eH  with  4  or  .5  Hniall,  H|>)nonH  tctili. 
The  honeH  which  Hiipport  the  pectoral  linH  aie  also  armed  with  huuiII  HpincM,  and  Ii;im' 
Hharp,  ron^li  cdKCM.  The  hranchioHtc^ous  nieinltrane  contains  0  alcniler,  cylindtiiul, 
curved  rayH.  The  ImhIv  Ih  ninch  narrower  Ihan  tlie  head,  and  InpefH  lo  the  inHertion  of  tin' 
(caudal  tin.  The  annH  Ih  Hitnated  midway  between  the  mouth  and  the  cainUI.  The  hitrnil 
line  in  roii(;h,  and  runs  near  the  l)a<;k ;  nhove  it  there  in  a  row  oi' aniall,  orhicular,  s<  a 
hrons,  hony  plateH,  the  ruw  being  doiililed  op|ioHite  to  the;  Hcc^ond  dorHal.  1'here  arc  im 
other  i)ereeiitible  HcaleH.  The  pectoral  tins  are  Hiiborbiciilar  and  contain  10  rayH,  none  i,i' 
them  brancliod;  the  up))er  ray  is  ncabrous  throuKliont;  the  othecH  are  Hcalirons  only 
near  their  middlen.  The  ventralH,  Hoft  and  wliitinli,  have  U  rayH,  of  which  the  lirHt  is  th'i' 
HtronceHt,  but  none  of  ilicm  are  Hpinou.s.  The  first  dorsal  comnienccH  poHterior  to  iIh' 
iicctorals,  and  terminates  opposite  to  the  anus;  it  has  7  simple  rays;  the  second  dorsiil  is 
tar;;er,  and  has  111  rays;  its  commencement  and  termination  corre's)>onil  with  those  of  tli(< 
anal,  and  mo8t  of  itti  rays  are  scabrous;  both  dorsals  are  rounded  cu'  arched.  The  aii;il  lin 
occupies  about  j  of  the  space  betwiM^n  the  anus  and  <-andal,  iromniencinj;  near  tlio  fornn  i; 
this  tin  IxMunne's  slightly  htwer  or  less  deep  )>oslbriorly.  The  caudal  is  <^nn(!lfonu,  ;iii(| 
has  12  rays,  most  of  tbein  forked.  In  the  torni  of  the  oony  ])roceHscs  on  the  to]i  of  tin' 
head  tin's  8p<'(!ies  ai>i)roaches  closely  to  C.iivndricortiiii  o'f  the  ISaltic;  but  it  does  imi 
a])pear  from  the  descriptions  I  have  consulted  that  there  is  a  distinct  pair  on  the  nii^iil 
bones  of  the  latter.  There  are  also  <litferences  in  tlio  form  of  the  spines  of  tlie  preopcn  ii 
luni,  tliose  of  ('.  hexncornit  being  quite  simiile,  while  in  the  other  tliey  aio  truncated,  m- 
divided  at  the  point.  In  the  C.  (luailriconiis,  also,  there  is  a  thick  spine  on  the  sugir;i- 
Hcapular  bone,  which  is  likctwi-se  truncated;  wliile  in  C.liexaconiis,  tluit  bone,  the  huiin  r 
als,  and  the  gill  covers  are  nierelv  armed  with  snuill,  s|>inouH  teeth;  and  the  rows  oi 
scales  on  the  body  aie  ditl'erent.  It  appears  to  nni  likely  that  the  <!.  nuailficornu.  Siilnnc 
(/,(Md.,  App.  to  L'a)>tain  Parry's  First  Voyage,  ]).  ccxiii)',  nniy  be  really  th((  C.  hexdcinint 
Cai)t.  .1.  (J.  Koss,  who  considers  it  to  be  the  same  witli  tlie  C  uriirpwideii  of  Kabricins,  siiv  s 
that  though  very  abundant  on  the  (ireenhiiid  (.'oast  it  is  nutre  ran;  in  the  higher  latitiulcM. 
but  several  were  taken  on  both  sides  of  tlio  ]>eninsula  of  ISoothia.  Tim  mitives  pt  i/c  it 
highly  as  an  article  of  food,  preferring  it  to  codtisb  (m-  siilnion.  Tli((  Esquimaux  ni 
Itootl'iia  call  it  Kane4'ok,  the  same  name  which  the  (ii  jnlandcrs  give  to  V.  (Invn 
litndicun. 

Color. — Of  the  upper  asjiect  a  clouded  admixture  of  brocoli-brown  and  olive-gri( n 
tints;  of  the  belly  white.  The  tins  are  streaked  with  bliiisli  black.  Irides  tinged  with 
red. 

Size. — iVbout  7  inches  in  total  length. 

Numerous  specimens  of  tliis  tisb  were  caught  in  a  net  set  in  the  mouth  of  a  smnll  ri\ cr 
near  the  ("opperniinc,  and  tlie  above  description  is  drawn  up  from  notes  written  on  tlir 
spot.  The  Hiibse()ncnt  calamities  wliicli  befell  that  expedition  having  occasioned  tlie  lci>s 
(tfall  the  spei'iniens,  no  actual  comparison  has  been  made  with  other  species;  but  after  :iii 
inspection  of  the  Cotti  iiroiight  home  bv  Captain  Iteechey,  and  an  attentive  perusal  of  t  lie 
llistoin;  des  I'oissons,  I  am  satisfied  tliat  it  dill'ers  from'  all  other  described  species  in  I  Im 
form  of  the  liorns  or  )>rocesses  which  arm  the  head,  and  in  other  particulars.    From  ilir 

peculiar  shape  of  these  horns  in  our  species  it  might  bear  the  name  of  claviijrr  still  i e 

ai>propriately  tlian  the  one  so  termed  by  J/,  valeneiennen.  The  individuals  that  wr 
caught  retained  life  long  after  they  were  drawn  from  tbe  water,  leaping  vigorously  o\  i  r 
the  sands,  and  when  touched  iiillating  the  head.  In  this  operation  tlie  iiraiicliiostegoiis 
membrane  is  distended,  and  the  .several  jiieces  composing  the  gill  covers  are  separated  liy 
the  extension  of  the  intervening  niembriines.  Our  Canadian  voyageurs  were  both  astoii 
ishcd  and  alarmed  by  tlu^se  fish,  and  termed  thcMn  (Jrapauds  de  nier,  jirobab.'y  fnmi  a  kiml 
of  croak  they  uttered  when  first  handled.     (Richardson.) 

In  1849,  having  again  visited  tlu*  stinie  region,  Richardson  procured  more  spi'eimeiis  nf 
this  form  which  he  took  home  with  him.  He  saw  then  that  he  had  misiinderstooii  Iih 
notes,  and  wrongly  ascribed  to  C.  hexacornis  rostral  horns  of  the  same  nature  as  tlir 
characteristic  horns  of  the  liead  and  nape,  and  that  the  form  in  (luestion  wasnootlici 
than  V.  tiundrieornis,  an  opinion  all  must  accept  who,  recalling  this  correction,  will  ruml 
tlie  old  descrijition  of  Sir  John.     (Liitkon.) 

*  Specimens  of  (htcocottv»  labrndoriew),  Girard,  are  thus  described  by  Dr.  Bean  ; 

Kye  5;  snout  nearly  5.  D.  X,  14;  A.  14;  V.  I,:t;  P.  17;  C.  11  (developed).  Two  amnll 
spines  above  tlie  snout;  a  rough,  irregular  prominence  above  oacl.  orbit  and  2  siiiiiliu 
ones  on  the  occiput.  The  slight  depression  on  the  crown  becomes  narrower  posteriorly 
where  its  width  is  about  4  the  length  of  the  space  included  between  the  siiiiraoi  liitiil 
and  occi])ital  prominences.  Four  preopercular  sjiines.  2of  which  are  at  the  angle,  tlic 
uppermost  and  longest  is  i{  as  long  as  the  eye;  the  2  lower  spines  are  short  and  cxteinl 
downward  and  slightly  forwanl.  The  length  of  the  longest  preojiercular  spine  e(iu;il^ 
the  distance  between  the  eyes  measured  on  tbe  bone.    The  maxillary  iti  twice  as  long  as 


Jordan  and  Kvcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2005 


.IVM8H1,  I'.M; 


740.  TRIGLOPSIS,  (Jiianl. 

liiiiloiifiii,  (.tiKAKii,  I'loc.  Bostt.  Soo.  Nat.  IHhI .,  iv,  1861,  18  (thompioni). 
rtiiiiiioliiM,  (irMiiKn,  ('at.,  II,  176,  1800  (Ihitminioiii;  Hiilwtitut))  for  Triijluininon  iiucoiint of 
tlir  prior  1111(1  Hiinilar  iiainij,   "nijlopi). 

Itody  uiul  lii'tul  Hleiidor.  Skin  n.-iktMl;  l.-itttral  lineuhiiin-Iiko.  'IVtttli  on 
>  omer,  nemo  on  tho  |iii1iitiueH.  Eyes  Inrj;*',  tlie  intoroihital  aro.i  •■onciivo; 
iiiiiioM  of  lower  iiai't  (>i  head  «)\t«>nHiv(;I,v  cavornoiiH;  a  snnill  but  diHtinct. 
A\i  boliiud  luHt;  tri'! ;  gill  nieniliran<-H  almost  I'n^o  IVoiii  th*-  istliinns,  iVirminfr 
;i  lii'oiid  fold  iici'ouM  it;  ])ruo])«)rcuIar  Hpinen  Htraight,  niniplo,  4  in  nnnibor, 
I  lie  lower  tnrned  downward;  linMlarjir.  FrcHh-waterllsln-H,  closely  related 
\o  OiivocottuH,  from  which  tlicy  have  donlitlcHH  become  dev;radod  through 
fresh-water  life.  There  is  no  tangible  dill'eienoe  in  Htrncture  iu  any  part 
of  the  body.     {rfjiyXa,  Trigla;  ti^/?,  apiiearance.) 

2:i;4.  TKI<JL(»I>MIS  TIIOMI'SOM,  <iirar<l. 


Head  3;  depth  6.  1).  VII,  18;  A.  15;  V.  1,  3.  Body  elongate,  very  Bleu- 
ilor.  Head  long,  depressed  above;  snout  long  and  pointed;  eye  quite 
hirge,  nearly  as  long  aa  snout,  much  wider  than  interorldtal  space,  4  ii, 
liuad;  ,jawssube([ual;  mouth  large,  the  maxillary  extending  rather  beyond 
middle  of  eye;  preopercle  with  1  sharp  sjdiies,  the  upper  much  shorter 
than  pupil;  cavernous  strueture  of  skull  highly  developed;  u|»per  surface 
of  head  smooth;  gill  membranes  not  broadly  united,  nearly  free  from 
isthmus.  Dorsal  fins  ^vell  separated;  spinous  dorsal  short  and  low,  ita 
Iieight  little  nior«i  than  length  of  snout;  second  dorsal  very  large,  3  times 
iicight  of  first,  its  longest  rays  about  as  long  as  head;  anal  high,  i  .is 
high  as  second  dorsal;  pt^ctoral  long,  reaching  past  front  of  anal;  ven- 
trals  well  developed;  lateral  line  chain-like,  conH])i  .ous;  skin  perfectly 
Hiiiooth.  Pale  olivaceous,  with  darker  blotches ;  ui)per  tins  faintly  baiuled. 
Length  3  inches.  Deep  waters  of  the  Great  Lakes;  not  common;  known 
from  Lake  Michigan  and  Lake  Ontario ;  doul)tless  a  relic  of  a  former  Arctic 
marine  fauna,  and  descended  from  a  species  of  (hnocottua.  ^Nanied  for 
li't^v.  Zadock  Thompson,  the  accomplised  author  of  the  History  of  Vermont. ) 

Triglopgis  thompgoni,  Gikard,  I'roc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Ilist.,  iv,  1851,  19,  off  Oswego,  Lake 
Ontario  (Coll.  S.  F.  Baird) ;  GniABD,  Monograph  Cottoids,  65!  JouDAN  &  Gilbeiit, 
Synopsis,  709,  1883. 

Tri(jlop»i»  stimpsoni,  HoY,  Trans.  "Wis.  Ac.  Sci.  1872,  98,  Lake  Michigan.  (Coll.  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Stinipson.) 

rti/onotuM  thompnonii,  GOnthkk,  Cat.,  n,  175,1860. 


t|io  oyo,  ahont  }  as  long  as  the  htmd  to  thu  end  of  the  o|)on'iilar  spine,  and  uxteuda  about 
'o  tli'e  vertical  through  the  hind  margin  of  tiio  eye.  Teeth  on  tiie  vomer,  none  on  the 
palatines.  Dorsal  spines  slender;  the  Hrst  twice  as  long  as  distance  hetween  <\ves;  Miird 
ami  longest  §  as  long  as  maxillary  and  ^  ns  long  as  distance  from  tip  of  sn<)\it  to  end  of 
Dccipital  promin<'nces.  Base  of  spinous  dorsal ^  total  length  without  caudal;  distance 
liHtween  dorsals  2  in  eye.  Longe.st  soft  dorsal  ray  (ninth)  about  as  long  as  middle  cau- 
dal rays,  or  i  total  length  with  caudal ;  |)ectorals  reaching  a  lilth^  heyiuid  origin  of  anal 
;io  second  ray  of  anal);  ventrals  as  h)ng  as  postorbital  )>art  of  head  and  not  reaching 
vout.  Skin  above  the  lateral  line  with  a  few  si)iny  tubercles,  none  of  them  more  than  | 
as  1r>ng  as  eye.  A  small  slit  behind  fourth  gill.  "Coa-it  of  Labrador  ..nd  Hudson  Hay.  ■ 
'I'liis  description  bv  1  >r.  Bean  from  specimens  taken  in  1880  near  York  i''actory,  Hudson 
Hay,  by  Kobert  Bell,  M.  D.  This  nominal  species  is  apparently  the  female  of  Oncoevttun 
luxacornia. 


jBgnjUiiuaigi 


'I 

I 


L'OOd  livUvtin  y/,  I  'iiitaf  States  National  Mmeuni. 


741.  QYMNOCANTHUS.  Swaliisou. 

Oi/mnocanthtu,  Swainsdn,  (Mhhh.  KIhIi.,  ttc,  11,  271,  18;m  (vfiitraUn), 

I'hobetvr,  Kin'VKii,  Nutiiili.  TIdHclir.,  I,  2tl3,  Iflll  {tiinmiiit). 

Htaphocottiit,  Saivakk,  Noiiv.  A  roll.  Miih.  l'arln  (2),  I,  187K,  142  {{iiKtillujer). 

(ieiK^ml  fhiiructiTs  nml  upp«Mirance  of  Acaiilhocoihia,  but  witli  no  t^'ctli 
on  the  voniiT,  the  nlit  Ituhind  tliu  hiHt  fi'iW  Hniall  or  wiiutin^;  n]))ier  luc- 
opcnuhir  spine  Htoiit,  armed  with  2  or  II  iintler-likc  proresHoH;  linsiil'  vt  ry 
large,  tlio  ventralH  nutiil'ily  HO.  Arctic  Seas,  (yimrni,  naked;  (Vwfn'O.i. 
Hpine.) 

a.  lutororbital  tipiice  not  iiniicd  witli  lioiiy  grniiulatfonH;  iiiiil<>«  with  n  nmiid  whlio 
Hiiot  on  belly;  luHt  gill  iirdi  witlioiit  M\  or  poro. 
b.  DorHal  riiyH  X,  UorlTi:  loiiil  10;  a  cirrus  licliiuil  t\vo  in.yoiiii^;  <i('ci|>ital  jld;;!' 
with  :j  bony  |ironiiuonc<>H;  axial  rofiiou  in  nuili'  with  tViiiKol  Illanii'ntM,  wliito 

at  tl|>.  I'lsriLLIOEH,  '.'llT'i. 

III).  Dornal  rayH  XII,  10;   anal  18;   no  <'irrii8  bt^liind  i'y«';   oocijiiit  without  lidny 
proniinent'UH;  axial  r<>Ki<>i>  without  t'riii(;eil  Itlaniunts  in  oitiicr  hcn, 

TKif-rsi'is, 'j;i7(i 

aa.  Interorbital  region  covered  with  bonj' granulationH;  nuilo!*  v.'ithout  whitu  Hpnt-dn 

belly;  doraal  rayH  XI,  16;  auall9.  oalbatis  -j::77. 


2875.  (JYMNOCAMIIUS  PINTILIilOKU  (PuIIiih). 

Dr.  (filbert  describes  this  specicis  us  follows: 

"Compared  with  UymuocanthuH  tinmnpiit,  (I.  piHtilUger  has  a  dill'oront  liii 
formula,  the  opines  and  rays  of  dorsiii  and  anal  tins  being  fewer  in  nunihoi. 
Thib  is  shown  by  the  following  tabh-,  based  ou  an  examination  of  10 
specimens : 


SninouH 
(lor.sal. 

i   IX.  i    X. 

1 

in  '      :io 

i:j. 

1 

Soli  dtJrsal. 

14.        15. 
1 
17         21 

10. 

1 

.Viiiil. 

RayH 

15. 
2 

10. 
28 

17. 
lU 

''  The  normal  formnla  may  therefore  be  given ;  1).  IX  or  X,  14  or  15;  A.  Hi 
or  17.  The  type  of  (r.  instUlUjer  is  .said  to  have  D.  IX,  13;  A.  16;  and  lis 
synonyms,  (1,  veiilralia,  Cuvier  &  ViiU'ncicnncs,  and  G.  intennediim,  Teiu- 
minck&  Schlegtd,  have,  respectively,  D.  IX,  13;  A.  17;  and  D.  IX,  13;  A.  1 1. 
In  G.  triciii<pi8  the  formnla  is  1).  XI  or  XII  (rarely  X),  15  to  17;  A.  1(»  to  l!t. 
The  dorsal  fins  are  more  widely  separated  in  G.pistUUger,  where  the  inter- 
space is  e<|nal  to  i  (»r  more  than  A  the  diameter  of  the  pupil.  The  vert< - 
bra*  are  fewer  in  nnmber,  124-24  instead  of  12-f-28.  In  G.  piatilligvr  i\u 
obtuse  prominence  above  hinder  margin  of  orbit  bears  in  young  indi- 
viduals a  slender  cirrus,  which  frequently  disappears  in  adults.  Hehiiid 
the  eye,  n  continuous  occipital  ridge  bears  3  smaller  bony  promineuccH, 
the  lirst  immediately  behind  the  eye,  the  second  and  third  approximated 
,  at  posterior  end  of  ridge ;  these  bear  no  eirri.  G.  triciiapia  has  no  tubercles 
on  occiput.  In  males  of  G.  |)t8<t7%cr,  the  post  axial  region  is  furnished 
with  u  number  of  very  slender  tilamenta,  each  of  which  is  expanded  at  tip 


Jjnian  and  livcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     20()7 


II  iouikI   wliii, 


into  n  foiiiprt'NSi'tl  frond- likf  luniina,  having  thu  ('n-i<  cd^^n  niorr  or  Iohb 
liiciniute  or  fringotl,  Thusu  expaiitlod  tips  uru  lui^^ht  wliito  ami  v«>ry  con- 
siiiciioiia.  No  tracie  of  thi'iu  Ih  pr«-Hunt  in  fuinalrs,  bnt  thvy  <l«>velop  in 
iiiahsH  at  a  very  early  »>(•'•  TIu-ho  ajjreo  with  the  HtructnreH  (hwcrihctl  by 
I'aUas,  on  >vhli;h  lii>  iiam-d  th'j  nanu"  pistil  I  itfer.  'I'hey  Mwm  not  to  bu 
]in;8ont  in  O.  Iricititpia.  The  uppt-r  preo])uri'nlai'H])in«)iH  uharply  bit'urt-ate  in 
t'von  our  Hniallost  HperimmH  (50  mni.)>  hiit  in  th«>Htt  uo  trace  of  a  Hocond 
medial  npwardly  dirrcted  upine  ia  pruHent.  Tho  latter  iH  evident  in  apt^ci- 
riionH  70  mm.  and  uioro  in  length,  and  aHinall  (toutealed  proniinenre  r«!pr«>- 
M'nting  a  third  Hpine  is  exceptionally  prrHent.  No  tratu  of  Hlit  behind 
last  gill.  The  following  niuatinrenicntH  give  the  depth  of  Ixtdy  and  length 
(if  head  in  millinK^trra,  uh  couipared  with  total  length,  in  8  HpeciuienH: 


Totnl 
leiiKtIi. 

I^eiiKth  of 
lit'iid. 

Depth. 

limi. 

Ill  III  . 

mill. 

150 

H 

27 

U^) 

3Ui 

25J 

141! 

;i«4 

24J 

i:i5 

;i8 

24J 

las 

40 

25 

134 

;i7 

24 

125 

344 

21 

03 

2^ 

16 

Very  young  examples  show  no  groups  of  gniuulations  on  h<>ad  or  nape, 
tiicse  being  usually  wanting  in  speeimeus  less  than  100  nun.  long.  In 
older  examples  they  are  variou.sly  developed,  the  d«'gree  of  urmatunt 
(Itpendout  m-ither  on  age  uor  sex.  They  an'  n«>ver  armed  on  interorbital 
siiaee,  being  unlike  <#'.  tjaleatuH  in  this  respet-t,  the  granulations  being  eon- 
lliied  to  the  oeeipital  and  nuchal  regions,  with  an  additional  elongate 
patch  on  the  upper  jiart  of  the  op«'rcle.  In  highly  developiMl  males,  the 
dorsal  and  ventral  rays  are  accompanied  with  series  of  tuberch^s.  The 
color  is  brown  above,  with  very  narrow  vermiculatiug  lines  of  lighter;  a 
black  blotch  <m  cheek,  more  conspicuous  in  males,  and  4  incons]>ieuouH 
cross  bars  on  back;  the  darker  dorsal  area  is  boundt^l  below  lateral  lino 
by  an  irregular  series  of  dark  streaks  or  blot<'hcs.  In  males,  the  lower 
Jaw  and  preoperclo  is  cross-banded  with  black  and  light  yellow ;  the 
al)(lomt*u,  lower  half  of  sides  in  front  of  anus,  and  prepectoral  region,  with 
large  roundish  white  spots,  separated  by  vermiculatiug  areas,  rendered 
dusky  by  aggregations  of  coarse  black  dots;  veutrals  dusky  and  silvery, 
the  latter  frequt:  ily  forming  cross  bauds;  spinous  dorsal  dusky  or  black, 
\\  ith  irregular  series  of  white  spots  not  coniined  to  basal  parts  of  fin. 
lu  both  sexes  the  pectorals,  second  dorsal,  and  caudal  are  translucent  or 
yellowish,  crossed  by  narrow  black  bars.  The  females  are  more  uumer- 
oiis  than  the  males  in  our  collection,  btit  the  disparity  in  number  is  not 
HO  great  as  has  been  f  juud  by  other  writers.     In  45  Hpucimens  examined 


1.14 


•If  -^i 

•  ''4\  Tl 


2008         DuUctin  47,  Ignited  Stales  Nathmal  Afiisnttn. 


ns  to  thiH,  17  urn  iiialrH,  L'8  females.  Anions  HiiuciuK'iiH  ohtuiiiod  at  I'l-ti  > 
paiiUkl  and  at  .IIIhiIiohh  Station  3Mi\,  oil'  Koblien  Inland,  in  IK  ftitliiiin  . 
no  inaleH  are  iiioludod.  Tliu  i'enialeH  dill'fr  from  thoHe  wv  havo  exiiniiii> d 
from  HriHtol  Itay  in  hiiviuK  the  tup  of  head  nioto  oxteiiHively  plutod,  ii.r 
ron){h  plattiH  extending  onto  ndddle  of  intutorhital  Hpaoi-,  or  in  1  Hpvcinii  n 
onto  Hiiont.  Tbo  jireorbitul  ridy;u8  are  Iohh  ro^iilar  and  Lavt*  lowor  tnlx  1 
clcH.  Tlir  Hpe<^inienH  intli<-ato  an  approacli  therttfoie  to  ii.  galealita.  1  in^ 
tin  rays  aru  an  pruvioualy  given.    lu  M  speuiuiuus  they  aro  as  follows: 


DorHiil 

H|tillCH. 


DorHiil  I'liyH.      I  Aiiitl  ruyit. 


U.    ,    15. 


1(1. 


10.        17. 

I 

3        B 


CoaHtHof  Alaska;  takm  alMindaiitly  in  HriHtol  May  in  4^  to  '2(\  fathoms." 
(piHtilla,  pistil;  gero,  I  bear;  in  alluHiou  to  the  axillary  papillae  of  tlir 
nnile.) 

Oottun  piHtillii/er,  Paluah,  /oo);r.  liOHHoAsiat.,  ni,  43, 1811,  Unalaaka;  (JuviKii  \   Vai.en 

(IKNNKH,  IliBt.  Nat.  PoiMR.,  IV,  1U3,  18'JU:  (iOnthkk,  Cat.,  li,  107,  18<I0. 
CottiiM  vmtralia,  CuviBit  &.  Vai.BNCiknnem,  HiHt.  N'at.  PuIhh.,  iv,  194, 18'J0,  Kamchatka  (<  oil. 

Mr.  ColWe.    Typs  in  Brit.  Muh.)  ;  (jrNTnKii,  Cat.,  Il,  107, 1860. 
OoUuH  eiphalitidet,  ({hay,  in  CrviEK  Si  Valknciknnbs,  HiHt.  Nat.  roiwi.,  iv,  1!I4,  \x'i\\, 

Kamchatka.    (Type  of  C.  ventrali*.) 
Elaphoaitht*  phtiUiger,  Sauvaue,  Noiiv.  Arcliiv.  Mns.  1878,  142. 
GymnucanthiiH  iiintilliijer,  Oiliikrt,  Kt^pt.  U.  8.  Fish  Cunim.  189:t  (1800),  424;  Scofiklh.- 

Kept.  I'lir  Seal  luvestiKatiunti,  1808. 


i.' 


2870.  ClYMXOiANTHrN  TRI('USPIf>(  (KeinlmrUt). 

HnadS^t;  depth  H-     D.  XII,  16;  A.  18;  V.  I,  3;  1'.  16;  vwtehriP  12  +  L'8 
=^40.     NaHal  spintis  small;  occipital  ridgi^s  low,  the  space  between  them 


*  Mr.  Scofiehl  Inm  tlio  following  note  on  this  spnuies : 

Tbreo  siiocimoiiH  taken  at  Urautly  Harbor,  Port  Clarence,  Mnsku. 

Fin  formuUv. 


9 

D. 

A. 

16 
17 
15 

P. 

C.  branelu'U 
rays. 

14 
15 
13 

18 
18 
17 

0 
0 
0 

I  have  compared  them  with  specimens  taken  by  the  Albatrotn  in  southern  Bering  Soa 
anil  find  tbem  tlie  same.  .  tho  female  taken  at  Port  Clarence  the  crown  (not  betwci'u 
the  eyes),  nape,  and  upper  half  of  opercles  are  covered  with  scabrous  bony  plates.  TIicsd 
plat«s  are  present  in  some  of  the  femaleH  taken  bv  the  Albatrott,  but  are  not  so  eviilent. 
The  female  has  a  few  scattered  rough  prickles  back  of  the  orii;in  of  the  pectorals.  The 
males  have  the  miishrooin-like  tllanieiit.H  covered  by  the  pectorals,  and  the  middle  rayn  of 
the  pectorals  have  ]mpilbe  along  their  inner  edge.  This  tisli  has  been  reported  froiii  llm 
Atlantic  side  of  North  America,  but  it  is  proliablv  a  ditl'crcnt  species,  as  the  mnshniiiiii- 
like  filaments  are  not  mentioned  in  their  (tescriptlon.  .Sir  John  Kichardson  took  n  sin^N' 
specimen,  a  female  5  or  6  inches  long,  at  Hudson  Hay,  which  appears  to  be  the  same  as 
these  from  Beiing  Sea.  Ho  identified  it  as  I'liubftor  (rieimds  (Kriiyer),  and  his  plate  of  it 
agrees  j)erfectly  with  our  specimens,  but  in  his  description  he  does  not  mention  thei)ri<lili  s 
back  of  the  origin  of  the  pectorals,  and  ho  mentions  a  few  scabrous  bony  plates  just  bel(>n- 
the  second  dorital  which  our  speoimeus  do  not  liuve. 


Jordan  amf  livcniianu, — Jusfits  of  North  .linm'ra.      2000 


124;  ScuciKLh.' 


coiiciive,  with  i'uu);li  plattm;  Hii|iraiirliititl  liil^rr  nullum  in  "  blunt  tiiltriTl)'; 
itiii'i'tiibltul  urcii  with  Hiiiooth  Hi<in.  K\i-8  vtTy  lar^r;  iiiiisiiinry  t'Ntfnii- 
in;  to  )>ii])il;  upper  pronprrciiljir  Hpiiic  hiMtixl;  iiiiich  Hiiurlri'  tiiiiii  rv«, 
wiili  uboiit  3  i>uiiitH;  nIvIu  iiumtly  HimiDth;  u\il  priciily,  itiit  withvnt 
lriii;;uil  tlluiiM'iitH;  iiinur  otl^o  <>('  initbllo  pi'clonil  riiyn  pnpilloHu  (male). 
Sl'iiiuiiH  (lurHal  vny  hi^rh  aii<l  Imi^;,  the  lon^iHt  Hpiiii>H  in  tli<«  nmir  ^  \v\\^\\\ 
III  licatl;  M'uuiitl  iloiHiil  11  li(t!<>  Inwcr;  uiiiil  voiy  loii)(,  ruthnr  low;  p«*c- 
1i>i;i1h  vt'i-y  l*ritii<l,  ruacliing  piiHt  tVuiit  of  aiiiil.  {\w  lowt-r  rayn  rapidly 
sliiiitotu'd;  vuutraltt  oxtreiiicjy  lon;r,  tbt>  rayH  loii};,  exNortod,  n-acliiii^  pasl 
tVoiit  of  anal;  anul  [tapilla  lur);i'-  I  Mirk  lirowii  aliovr,  witli  tran-s  of 
il;i I  kur  vertical  ItarH;  belly  pal<^;  niali-H  with  the  axillary  region  tlimky, 
will)  many  lar^re  ruiiiul  white  Hpots;  llrHt  dornal  lilarkiHli,  with  palu 
lilutches;  Heeonil  tlornal  with  alterinitiiif;  oblitpie  IiuihIh  of  white  and 
liiiiclviHh;  anal  and  eaiidal  nearly  plain;  pectorals  and  ventralH  vollowiNh, 
Willi  black  croHH  baru;  mandible  barred  with  black.  Arctic  HeaH,  Hoiith 
to  Norway  and  Labrador;  not  very  cunimou  on  onr  coantH.  Here  dettcribetl 
t'ldiii  a  Hpeeimen  from  (arcenhnul.  Dr.  (iilnthcr  ^ives  the  following  ana- 
tiMiiical  dotailH:  "The  liver  in  large,  round,  not  divided  into  lobcH,  and 
situated  principally  on  the  left  Hid«>  uf  the  stomach.  The  stonia<-h  in  very 
Hii:i<  ious  and  curved;  the  pylorntt  with  G  appendages;  the  intestines 
;i|i|M-ar  to  make  1  complete  circumvolution.  The  ovaria  are  8<4>aratcd 
11(1111  each  other  to  their  posterior  extremity.  The  urine  bladder  in  nar- 
row, elongate,  Hittiated  above  the  right-hau<l  ovarium.  Skeleton:  The 
coiiliguration  of  the  sxnll  is  much  more  similar  to  C.gobio  than  to  Curor- 
piiin  ov  bubalia.  The  space  between  the  orbits  is  very  slightly  coneave, 
very  narrow,  its  width  Ix'ing  nearly  ^  the  distance  b»'tween  the  upper 
posterior  angles  of  the  orbits.  The  crown  is  Hat,  without  any  longitudi- 
nal or  transverse  ridges,  but  with  very  slight  impression  in  the  middle. 
Till'  frontal  bones,  the  preoperculnm,  the  mandibula,and  tht«  infraorbitals 
have  very  distinct  muciferous  channels;  the  tnrbinals  are  ])rovide«l  with 
.■v  iiiiiiute  spine.  The  number  of  the  caudal  vt^rtebrie  is  increased,  there 
being  12  in  the  abdominal  portion  and  28  in  the  caiulal."  (l^u.)  {ires, 
tbri'c;  cugpis,  <usp.) 

Ciiltii.H  (fohio,  Fabricu's,  Fnmia  Onenlaiidiea,  No.  15, 1780,  Greenland. 

Coiiiit  Iricuiiplt,  Keinhauut,  A'ideniik.  Selsk.  Nut.  Math.  AHiaudl.,  vir,  1838,  117,  Green- 
land; (iCNTiiEu,  Cat.,  n,  108,  IHflO. 

('i)tliisfaliricii,  Guixiiv,  Mouojjraiih  Cottoid«,  59, 1851,  Greenland  ;  nff«r  Cuttni  gobio,  Kab- 
iiirius. 

Cntiiis  ventralit,  Cou-ETT,  Christianiu  Vid.  Selsk.  Foili.  1878, 151 ;  not  of  CuviER  Sc  Vai.en- 

I  IKX.NES. 

AeiuilhoeottuH  patri$,*  II.  R.   Storeb,  BohI.  Jour.  Nat.  Hist.,  vi,  1857,  2.'»0,    Labrador. 

((Joll.  Dr.  Horatio  Koliiiison  Storor.) 
I'lu.hctor  iricutpU,  KRiiVEH,  Natiir.  Tidskr.,  I,  263, 1844. 
(iiiuinueanthuM  pistilUger,  Jordan  Jt  Gu.bert,  Synopsis,  709,  1883;  not  of  Pallas. 


*  Tills  Houtheni  form,  nanipd  '^ptitnii"  liy  Dr.  II.  U.  Storer,  lor  lii»  diutiuguiHliud  father, 
iit'tds  I'onipariHon  with  Uymnocanthtts  tricusiiis, 

3030 49 


m 

h^ 


fci^ii'' "" 


3'  ,•' 


;;sK' 


LMMO  Ihdhtin  /7,  ^  '////<•(/  .SAr/<.y  National  Ahisatm. 

•.>!I77.  4iVN\<M  A.MTIII  H  4ril,K.iTI  M,   Ittiiii. 

iieiMl  :<'!  (iiicliiilinK  ciiiiilul);  tluptli  7^  I).  XI,  IH;  A.  ID;  V.1,3.  I'...i|y 
i>lnii)jr,tt«).  A  Hiii»ll  tiiliHiflu  ultovit  ourli  <>yo ;  I  pr«Mi|)oi'Ciiliii-  HpiiH<s.  i||,< 
l<)ii°)rt)Nt  about  iiH  ioiit;  »n  o,vi\  itiiil  with  2  or  :<  procrNHON.  Spatut  iM'tNv.on 
««yrH  tifoply  ooiiciivu,  roiiiplotely  covrrod  with  huiiy  )(r»iiiihitlotiH,  ii-  .iii< 
thu  nowii  ami  iirck;  HiniDiir  t(riiiiiiltitioiiH  on  liiii«l(>r  iiiargiii  of  orliii,  mi 
Hiiliorl)ital  Htay  ami  on  oporrlu.  Skin  ot'  itody  naked.  I'ltctoralN,  ihhI  jn 
niah^s  thu  vnitralK  uIhu,  roai-hing  huyoml  vunt ;  maxillary  rtMkcliiii;:  to 
lii'low  «yo.  Slit  lathiml  lanl  ^111  not  duNcrihrnl.  OlivaotMMiH;  ha«'k  wiili  | 
(liHtin<t  hrown  HjiotH,  th»  lon^^ost  noarly  twictt  hh  lon^  aH  oyu,  ami  uxtiuii- 
ing  u  littlo  below  latvral  lino,  thnn^  blt^nding  with  a  wavy  latoral  Htii|ii>; 
doiHaJH  aii*l  pcctorala  with  intt^rrnptiMl  bhu-k  band;  luwur  lihH  {ihiin 
whitlHli.  Dr.  (iilbort  d»N(^rilM-H  a  Hinf{Io  mal<«  Hpocinit'n,  21U  mm.  \»\\g, 
from  ChiMnotHkl  Harbor,  UnaLiNka  iHlantI : 

'I'lif  Hi'xiiul  pociiliarilicH  iir«  Ichm  Htrongl.v  iiiiii'ki«l  timii  in  nuicli  Miiiiill«tr  iiialcx  nt'  t;, 
piMlilliilfr.  Tlici  vi'iitriilH  uxtriul  )>iil  litl)(<  li<*.voii)l  tlii>  front  of  llii<  aniil  lin,  iiml  nrv 
unniiirkftl.  Tint  mImIuuicii  Ih  iilao  pliiin,  without  tliu  i-onnil  wliltn  H|iot  rliarart«i  Htli  (,| 
nialit  H|Hi('ini«nH  of  <7.  pittilligfr  anil  (/.  Irifiiritit.  TIichi<  niaikH  are  apparently  uIimimiI  hU„ 
In  tiir  type,  nM  no  niontiou  Ih  niaile  of  tlicin.  Tin*  NpinoiiH  ilorHal  Ih  not  Kcnally  elcMiiiil, 
ilH  )iin(;(mt  HpiiM'  lN<inir  toutnined  2^  liincH  in  tint  lioail.  It  Ih  without  illatiuetivx  murk 
ln)iH,  liriiif;  colorcii  liko  tho  Boft  domal,  li;;lit  yitllowJHli,  I'roMHlmnilutl  with  darker.  .\nal 
]iapillu  Hliort,  5  mm.  in  lontitli.  I'iatfH  on  lioad  an  In  dcHcription,  covurinK  tlx'  inliT 
orbital  ri'^ion,  crown,  o<'(^i|Mit,  and  napo  ah  far  liack  aa  front  of  dorHnl  i  iirimcnt  iiImh  mi 
upper  part  of  opercle.  and  in  a  verth'al  Htreak  ininiudlately  liidiind  eyo.  A  -ry  |>iiiini 
u«nt  tiilicrc  o  over  liinder  margin  of  eye,  a  conHtrii'tiun  beliind  It.    Ocelplta'  IimihiII\ 

rounded,  wi.iiont  tuliondes  or  <'uiiH|ii<'UouH  ]>roniinen('eH  of  any  kind,  but  HniiHith 

areaHeorreH)ion(Uiig  In  ]>OHilion  witii  tlie  tiiliercluHof  r>.  jiiitiUigcr,  perliapH  pi  meat  iikkihIi 
In  the  yoiniK-  'I'be  iinterl^tr  one  Im  Hli{>;litly  elevated.  No  Huperrillary  'llaiiientN  I're 
o]ierenbir  HpineH  iiiiiHHlve,  Hliorl,  with  a  Nin^le  fork  nt  tip,  no  aeeeHBory  HpineH  lievelopnl. 
Axil  witli  prii'kly  HnileH,  liiit  without  lilamentH.  Domal  XI,  10:  anal  lU.  liiiteral  lini'  13. 
Head  i>2  mm.  lung;  depth  112  mm.  The  depth  ia  tiiuro  G^  In  the  total  length,  nul  7^  iin 
deserllied  for  the  tyiM). 

■  Aluntian  and  Pribilof  iHhtnds;  known  from  IJnalaska  and  Kt.  I'anI,  ;iiiil 
Point  l^arrow.     {fiuhatitH,  helmotud.) 

(Ij/iiiiioeiiiithim  fialintiiB,  llKAN,  Proe.  T.  S.  Nat.  Miih.  1881,  l.'>:i,  Unalaska  (Type,  No  .'Him; 
Coll.  Sylvan im  l!all:-y);  .Iohijan  ic  Ciu.niCKT,  SynopBis,  707,  1883;  Qiijikrt,  Kept.  I'.s. 
Flah  Cuinni.  189U  (18mi),425. 

74a.  LEIOCOTTUS,  Uir.ird. 
LHocottus,  UlKAKD,  Proi'.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1850, 133  (liinindo). 

Body  clougatt',  i-overed  with  thi<'k,  smooth  skin.  HeadoompreHReil,  u.u- 
rowed  above,  not  exttirnally  b<my.  Motith  small,  horizontal,  low;  villi- 
form  teeth  in  both  jaws  and  on  tho  vonu^r,  none  on  the  palatines;  u\)\m- 


*  Mr.  Scofield  has  tiio  fullowing  note  on  a  small  M]>uehnen  (3}  inches)  collected  at  I'lMiit 
Barrow,  Alaska: 

Fin  formula:  ?  I).  X,  15;  A.  17;  P.  18;  V. 3.  Head  3J  orSjl,,  including  caudal;  liycHi 
to  end  of  opercular  spine;  Bnour4;  maxillary  2|  or  past  poHterior  edge  of  pupil;  iiitii 
orbital  2  In  length  of  orbit,  depth  .'i^  ;  Lat.  line  43  or  44.  Fifth  or  sixth  ray  of  pi'<  lonil 
loiiuest  and  reaching  to  third  aiuil  ray.  Ventrals  reaching  }  to  vent.  Mouth  8liL.'litl.\ 
obliiiiie.  Upper  ])rco|)ercular  spiue  with  3  sharp  points  on  its  upper  side.  No  |i;i|iiil;i' 
or  sharp  points  under  pectorals. 


Jordan  and  Rvermann, — Fishes  of  h\yrfh  Amcrita,     2011 


iri'itpori'iiliir  M|»liifl  Hliort,  atronu,  with  binirriitfld  tip;  Hiihnrhital  stny 
Miii'iow;  ^ill  iiii'iiiliriiiitm  piirtly  I'm-  tVom  tin-  iHtlmiiiH,  over  wltiili  tln-y 
liM'iii  a  hroail  told;  u  mIII  bohiiid  loiirtli  y^\\\.  riritt  iIuinuI  with  itH  iippor 
iiiiirKiii  Hoiiiinvhiit  S-Hliiipt-il,  tlio  lliHt  2  Hpiiit>M  rloii^iiti',  tho  MihliUr  oiit<H  of 
ni'Ui'ly  u)|iiul  Icir^tli,  and  tin'  poHtrrior  oiioh  rapidly  HliortiiH'd ;  vnilraU  I, 
.;.     tihuru  tlnhuH  ut  tho  I'ai'ilit:.     (Ae/u;,  Htiiuoth;  not zo%^  VuiUi»,\ 

'i!l7H.   MliOrOTHM  lllltI'MlO,  Oirnrd. 


St.  Paul,  mill 


II(Mid  :t.^;  depth  \\\  <•><' lar^o,  t«  in  head.  I>.  IX,  17;  A.  I'.;  V.  I,  :i. 
Itndy  elon^ati),  t'nsilorm,  thu  niiidal  pudnindr  Mh'ntl»r;  pmlilu  «tt°  oiiuiil 
ili'iiirvud;  inaxilliiry  nMnhin^  front  of  mldt;  I)  Hniall  lini  at  thu  i-n«l  of 
(iK'h  nnixillary;  prt'opi-nnlar  nuu'Kin  with  Hnvfral  Hiniilur  uirii;  opunlo 
mid  Hhonldir  )j;ii'dlu  witlxnit  Hpint'H;  up|i<'r  prooprniilar  Hpiiu- aH  loii^  aH 
|iiipll.  'I'op  of  Itoad  Hniooth ;  HiiptaoilMtal  rid^cH  llttl«<  rhniitud;  uuHal 
H|iini'H  diHtant  from  tip  of  Nuont.  tSpinoiiH  lUuHal  clrvatcd  in  front,  tho 
lii'Nt  2  rayH  ninch  louder  than  thi>  othurH,  n««arly  jj  h'n^th  of  lituid;  Hoft 
ilorHal  and  anal  Huh  lathi*!'  lon^;  purtoralH  ntachin);  past  front  of  anal; 
MiitralH  to  vent.  OlivnrrouH,  ahadrd  witli  li^rbt  Iduo  and  reticiilatrd  with 
lirowniHh  r<'d,  the  lattor  lolor  prudoniinatiuK  (in  the  hi'ud;  Hidrn  with  t 
hroad,  obliqin',  browniHh-red  bars,  th<>  lirHt  ;t  rniiulng  from  durual  forward 
and  downward,  thu  fourth  from  tautlal  ]>  iliiurlo  Itat-kward  to  baHu  of 
raiidal ;  abdonim  oran^u  br«>wn,  with  palo  Hpota;  tantlal  oiauKU  brown, 
with  yrllow  bars  near  thu  tip;  tins  with  bars  and  spots  of  dark  brownish 
red;  brcaht  and  v«MitralH  whitish ;  It  dark  biotthcH  ut  busu  of  puctoraln; 
s|iinonH<lorHal  with  oblii|nudark  struaks;  a  dark  Idotch  on  *>ach  <-yuabovu, 
iiiid  a  li^ht  Htruak  forward  a\iil  downward  fr(»m  t-yu.  Lun^th  10  inrhrs. 
Siinta  Harbara  iHlaudH,  in  uhallow  water;  uot  raru,  but  extruuicly  local. 
{hiriinUo,  swallow.) 

l.i'ioeollvM  liinuido,  (iiUAUD,  I'roo,  Ac.  Nut.  Scl.  I'liila.  1860,  133,  San  Miguel  Island,  near 
Santa  Barbara  (Cull.  Liciitcuaiit  TruwbrMj^u)  j  (JiUAUU,  U.  S.  i'uc.  K,  it.  ISuiv.,  x, 
FiHiit'H,  tt2.  isr)8. 

CottiiM  hiiuiidi),  HVkimeu,  Cut..  II.  100, 1801). 

LiiieuHuB  lUrunUo,  Juuuan  i.V.  Uiluuut,  Syiioimis,  71'J,  1883. 


collected  at 


743.  LEPTOCOTTUS,  (Jirard. 

I.iptoeottui,  OiiiAun,  Proo.  A<'.  Nut.  Sci.  Phila.  1851,  i:)0  (animtm). 

Ilody  ulon>i;ato,  duprcsscd,  covered  with  jierfectly  smooth  slilti.  TIead 
(li'prcssed,  oblong,  not  very  broad,  without  cirri;  lowur  jaw  iucluded; 
.suiiorbital  stay  narrow;  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatiues,  (Jill  mem- 
l)riiuus  rather  narrowly  joined  to  th««  isthmus,  uot  forming  a  fold  across 
it;  a  slit  behiud  fourth  gill;  preopercular  spine  strong,  withl!«»r  3  points 
hooked  upward.  Dorsal  tins  .separate;  thu  spinous  dorsal  short  and  small, 
entire;  ventrals  I,  4.  iShuru  lishcs  of  the  Pacific.  (Ae;rruS,  aieudcr; 
Horvoi,  Cottut.) 


kii: 


k:. 


2012  BuUctcn  ^7,  Uiu'tid  Siaks  National  Afitscum. 


2370.  LKl'TOfOTTl'S  AltMATUS,  Girurd. 
(Smooth  Cabezox.) 

Head  3  in  len«tli ;  di-pth  (J.  1).  VII,  17;  A.  17;  V.  1, 4.  Hoail  loiifr  an.l 
ilcprcBHud ;  iiioutli  Inigo,  the  iiiiixilliiry  reiu"biii<j  boyoiid  oyc;  iiiterorbii.il 
Hpaco  lnoiid,  scarcely  <'()ii(!av«»;  uasal  apiiieH  cuiiceulud;  top  of  head  lint - 
tinli,  <'over«<l  with  riigoHc  skin;  nppcr  prcoiiercular  spine  with  3  or  4  s])iii. 
nlt!s  hooku<l  upward;  Hnhoibital  stay  slender,  not  reaching  ineopcn  1  ; 
eye  very  small,  less  than  interocular  width,  7.^  in  head;  lateral  line  com- 
|ilete;  s'Mn  everywhere  sniootb  ;  no  prickles  nor  cirri.  Dorsal  spines  vci  v 
slfMider  and  low;  pectorals  reacliiug  or  extending  beyond  vcut;  venti.ils 
halfway  to  vent,  (irayish  olive  above,  Iteconiing  abrnptly  white  ami 
silvery  below;  sides  creamy;  jHjctoral  lius  creanjy  yellow,  with  5  or  (i 
black  cross  bars;  spinons  dorsi'l  dusky,  with  an  ink-like  blotch  on  ti)i  of 
last  rays,  and  an  oblique  white  band  below;  soft  dorsal  dusky  with  sev- 
eral oblique  white  bands;  caudal  banded;  ventrals  and  anal  pl.iin. 
Length  12  inches.  Pacific  ("oast  from  Kadiak  to  San  Diego;  overywlicio 
very  common,  the  most  abundant  of  the  Cottoids  of  our  w«8t  coast;  liv- 
ing near  shore.  It  flattens  the  head  and  ex]>andB  the  i)reopercular  spines 
when  disturlx^d.     {armatus,  armed.) 

Lfjdocnttus  aniiatKii,  (iiRAKi),  I'roc.  Ac.  Niil.  Scl.  I'liila.  1854, 1;U,  Cape  Flattery,  Fort  Steil- 
acoom,  Willapa  Bay,  Humboldt  Bay,  San  Francisco,  Monterey,  San  Pedro,  Von 
Point,  San  Diego,  Tomales  Bay  (Coll.  Dr.  Suckley,  Dr.  Coopur  Lieut.  Trowl)ri(li;c, 
otc.) ;  GiKAKi),  U.  S.  Pile.  11.  U.  Surv.,  X,  Fish.,  60, 1858;  JuHUAN  &.  Gilbekt,  Syiioiisis, 
714, 1883. 

Oentridermichthyii  armatm,  CjCntheu,  Cat.,  u,  171,1860. 


744.  CLINOCOTTUS,  Gill. 

Clinoiottus,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1861, 160  [analis). 

This  genus  differs  from  OUgocotim  in  having  the  skin  of  the  sidb;.  "f 
bo«ly  mesially,  covered  more  or  less  thickly  with  minute  prickly  scales 
embedded  in  the  skin;  anteriorly,  forked  cirri  take  the  place  of  scales; 
mouth  witii  lateral  cleft ;  preopercular  spine  short,  bifurcate,  t^mall  lishes 
of  the  California  rock  pools.    {Cliiiun;  ''  Uiis.) 


•I 


2380.  flilXOCOTTCS  ANALIS  (Girard). 

Head  3A;  depth  4^.  D.  IX,  KJ  to  18,  A.  13  or  14;  V.  I,  3;  P.  15.  lb  .id 
narrower  autt'riorly  and  rather  pointed;  mouth  with  lateral  cleft,  tlie 
maxillary  reaching  beyond  pupil;  band  of  palatine  t»'eth  short  and  iiai- 
row,  oft«',n  absent  on  oim  side  or  on  both ;  (!yc  hirge,  5  in  head,  about  twii c 
the  width  of  the  deeply  grooved  interorbital  space;  nasal  spines  distant 
from  snout;  preopercular  spine  short,  bifurcate;  cranium  plane  above; 
upper  part  of  body  mesially  c(tvered  with  minute,  embedded,  nonimlni- 
cated,  pectinate  scales;  anteriorly,  small  cirri,  nu)8Tly  bitid  or  tsiiid,  t.ilse 
the  place  of  tlu^  scales.  Head,  especially  abov«',  with  very  many  similar 
cirri;  a  fringe  of  cirri  on  edge  of  i)reopercle.  Dorsal  lins  contigndiis. 
rather  low;  pectoral  reaching  past  front  of  anal;  anal  papilla  very  laig<'. 


-p.. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2013 


olivftot'ouH,  somt'tinn'8  very  palt',  soinftiiiics  iionrly  l»lii(k,  occiiHionally 
fl,'iHli<>(l  with  rrddisli  much  inotthMl,  aiul  witli  iniiii«'nMiB  Hniiill  hliick  and 
wiiitc  spots;  ahimt  r>  irn-jafiilar  darker  hars;  a  dark  liar  at  base  of  caudal; 
liiiB  all  spotted;  cirri  very  uuhutomh,  uumtly  whitish,  {fiviuj;  the  lish  a 
■Aoolly  appearauco  in  lite.  Lon^rth  3  to  7  iuehes.  C«»ast  of  Califoruia ; 
:iliuudau'i  ill  rock  pools  froui  M«>uterey  southward  to  Lower  ("alifornia, 
liirther  soi'.tii  than  auy  other  of  the  California  CotlUlw.  (aiialis,  from  the 
l,irg(<  anal  papilla.) 

(tUtjoeoltut  analis,  Giraru,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1857,  201,  Monterey  (Coll.  A.  S. 

Taylor.    Tyi>o,  No.  4H0,  TJ.  S.  Nat,.  Mus.)  -,  Cihahu,  V.  S.  Pac.  R.  14.  Surv.,  x,  Fishes, 

57,  1&')8;  JoKDAN  &,  CriLiiEHT,  Synopsis,  718,  1883. 
(U.ltm  erinigfr,  GUNTiiER,  Cat.,  u,  522,  18«0,  Monterey,  California 
Ctntridermiehthysanalit,  GOnther,  Cat.,  ii,  171,  1860. 
ClinocotUis  analii,  Jouda"  &.  Evermann,  Ciieck-List  Fishes  North  aud  Middle  America, 

444, 1890. 

745.  OLIGOCOTTUS,  Girard, 

iilifinenttiiB,  Girard,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  IS.'iB,  131!  {waciilo.iut). 

Hody  rather  «doiigate,  th(^  skiu  smooth ;  preopercnlar  spiiio  sleuder  and 
sliarp,  simple  or  with  a  siujjle  antler-like  i>roce88  al»ovc;  small  tentacles 
on  lieatl  and  anterior  parts  of  l)ody;  };iil  memltraiies  broadly  united,  Iree 
li'om  tlH>  isthmus;  slit  hehind  fourth  <>il]  small  or  o1)sol<-to;  tlorsal  spines 
slender,  the  tin  short  and  m>t  emar<>inate;  anal  papilla  of  male  large; 
veiitrals  I,  3.  Small  tishes  of  the  North  l*a<ilic,  iuhaliiting  rock  pools 
lictween  tide  marks,  the  very  smallest  of  the  Cottido!.  (uXiyoi,  small; 
Cotfua.) 

a.  Preopercnlar  ftpinc  bifld,  having  a  proces.s  directed  upward  in  addition  to  the  pointed 

spine:  I).  VIII,  Hi;  A.  12  to  14. 

b    First  dorsal  without  ocellate  spot ;  head  with  many  cirri ;  nuile  witli  the  anterior 

ravs  of  anal  enlarged  and  detached.  macclosus,  2:!81. 

66.  First  dorsal  witli  a  black  (xrelhis;  cirri  on  head  few;  anal  tin  in  males  with  the 

anterior  rays  not  especially  enlarged  or  detached.  bouealis,  2382. 


2881,  OLIGOCOTTUS  MAOULOSUS,  Girard. 

(Johnny.) 

Head  3;  depth  4.  D.  VIII-16;  A.  12  to  14.  TTead  slender,  narrowed 
above,  the  snout  rather  point<'d;  ma.xillary  reaching  pupil;  top  of  head 
with  several  scattered  cirri;  a  few  oii  sides  of  head;  cirri  on  lateral  line 
iiiitoriorly  and  on  front  of  l»ack,  also  along  ba.se  of  dorsals.  No  scales  or 
|irlckles  anywhere;  ]>reopercular  spim^  forked  ;  front  rays  of  anal  enlarged 
Mild  detached  in  males;  anal  papilla  large  (in  males);  pectorals  reaching 
well  beyond  front  of  anal.  Usual  color,  reddish  lirown,  varying  to  gray, 
intense  green  or  crimson  accordingto  surroundings,  the  A'ivid  colors  devel- 
opc'l  in  the  presence  of  similarly  colored  alga?;  fins  all  barred;  belly 
usually  livid  bluish  or  greenish;  lower  side  of  head  with  white  mottlings. 
length  2  to  3  inches.  Pa<ific  coaet,  from  Cape  Mendocino  to  Point  Con- 
ccpcion,  rather  common ;  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  marine  Cottido;  a  bright- 
( oUtred  inhabitant  of  rock  pools.     {maculosHa,  spotted.) 


2014  Bulletin  ./7,  United  States  National  Muselwi. 


OlijiiieotlKv  iiiariilonus.  (iiiiAnn,  I'roc.  Ar.  >>m(.  S<i.  FMiilii.  1856,  16H,  Tomales  Bay  (Coll  i\ 
Siiiniii'lH);  San  Krancisco  (('oil.  LIpiiI.  Trowbridjjo) ;  Fort  Steilacoom  (Coll.  Ii,-  ;. 
Siickh'y) ;  (liKAUi),  r.  S.  Vac.  U.  It.  Surv.,  .\,  FIhIi.,  56, 1858;  .Iokuan  A  OlLUBUx,  S  n 
opHiH,  718,  IKKI. 

Centiidevmiclithy»  niaetdonu*,  ( irNTiiKii,  Cut,,  ii,  171, 18(i0. 


JJ 


'U| 


2ilH'2.  OLKJOCOTTrS  HOKKAI.IS.  .lonlmi  A  Snvdor. 

IToad  'M, ;  (l«)pth  U;  orl)it  I  in  hwul;  snout  4;  niiixillary  2|.  D.  VTll  ,,r 
IX-l(ioi'17;  A.  12  to  11;  P.  II;  lii|'.(liest  dorsal  spiiiw  I^;  dorsal  niy  2! ;  (;;ii- 
dal  ray  1^  ;  'irst  iinal  ri  y,  male  li,  ftMiuilc  'ii;  vontrals  lf| ;  caudal  iti'dum  Ic 
3^ ;  poctorals  3  in  lrn<;th.  Hody  <!oni]trcHsed,  elonjiiite;  liack  8oni(nvli;it 
ehivatvd,  dtM'jtest  bolow  niiddl«)ols|)inous  dorsal.  Jlcad  iilinost  as  widi  ,i.». 
louji,  tapering  from  lieliind  to  tlic  sonicwliat  pointed  .snout;  profile  ..i 
lie.'id  rounded  above,  straight  btdow  ;  uiontii  terniinal,  nearly  horizoninl; 
niaxilliiry  extending  to  vertical  tlirough  po8t«'rior  ])art  of  pupil;  lower 
Jaw  included;  .jaws,  A'onier,  and  palatines  with  villiforui  teeth;  snout  is 
long  as  orbit;  eye  high  in  head  ;  interorbital  space  narrower  than  will ih 
of  orbit,  its  concavity  angular;  o]>ercle  with  a  triangular  (lap;  angle  of 
preoperclo  produced  into  a  forked  s])ine,  which  is  covered  with  sKin, 
excei)t  on  the  sharp  points;  prongs  of  preopercular  spine  .J  as  long  ms 
orbit;  nasal  spines  prominent;  the  long  premaxillary  processes  forinin;;  ;, 
sharp  ridge  between  the  latter;  branehiosteg.al  membranes  forming  a  told 
across  the  isthmus;  gills  >U,  tlie  slit  behind  the  fourth  arch  much  reduced; 
pseudobranchia'  present;  gill  rakers  represented  by  a  few  protuberamcs 
on  the  arch.  Skin  smooth;  lilami  nts  on  free  end  of  maxillary,  on  iiil'e- 
rior  edge  of  pre<»percle,  and  first  dorsal  to  the  bases  of  th(!  pectoral  liiis; 
also  a  row  of  filaments  extending  along  the  supraorbital  crest,  over  tin- 
back  of  the  head  and  along  the  lateral  line  for  about  k  the  h-ngth  of  llic 
body,  the  filaments  usually  paired,  i.  e.,  2  grow  from  the  same  ijlace; 
anal  papilla  prominent;  large  mucous  pores  scattered  about  the  toji  and 
sides  of  head;  pores  of  lateral  line  3(5  to  40.  Dorsal  fins  2,  separate;  first 
dorsal  4  in  hejid  and  body,  curving  from  distal  end  of  first  sjtine  to  posterior 
part  of  ba.se;  spines  rather  feeble:  second  dorsal  2  in  head  and  body,  a 
little  higher  than  first,  its  middle  rays  longest;  anal  fin  about  3^  in  h(  ;h1 
and  body;  in  the  male  the  first  and  second  rays  longest,  the  third,  fourth, 
and  fifth  each  a  little  shorter  than  the  precluding  one,  the  last  shortest;  in 
the  female  the  first  ray  is  the  shortest;  caudal  fin  somewhat  rounded; 
pectoral  rays  below  the  sixth  ventrally  free  from  the  connecting  iinin- 
brane  for  a  portion  of  their  length ;  ventral  lins  reaching  to  vent,  in  some 
specimens  to  anal.  Color,  usually  reddish  brown,  varying  to  gray,  in- 
tense green  or  crimson,  according  to  surroundings,  the  colors  develojnd 
in  the  presence  of  similarly  colored  alga-;  dorsals,  pectorals,  and  caiidiil 
barred;  anal  sometim«'8  barred;  front  of  spinous  dorsal  with  an  ocellated 
blackspot.  Pacific  Coast,  from  I'rince  William  Sound  to  Oregon;  the  types 
collected  in  tide  pools  at  Neah  Hay,  Puget  Sound,  by  Mr.  E.  C.  Starks. 
Others  were  collected  at  Neah  Hay  by  Mr.  Henry  St.  Clair,  and  still  others  in 
Departure  Bay,  Vancouver  Island,  by  Dr.  C.  H.  Gilbert.  This  spcu'ies  is 
closely  related  to  OligocotUis  maculosus,  but  may  be  distinguished  from  tin' 
latter  by  having  fewer  filaments  on  the  head  and  body,  an  ocellated  spot 


Jordan  and  Evtrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1MH5 


D.  VTII  „r 


(III  i'rout  of  iirst  dnrHiil,  and  by  liaviu^  the  rayu  of  thu  aual  tin  in  tlu>  male 
111!  connecttHl  by  membrane;  tho  tirnt  ray  of  anal  is  mncli  Hhortt>r  and 
wr  ikcr  in  ().  hoieulis.     (boreaUa,  northern.) 

III.  iiicottiiH  borealin,  JoitDAN  \-  Snydeb,  I'roi;.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  Series  2,  vol.  vi,  181MJ,  226,  Neah 
Bay.    (Coll.  E.  C.  Stark«.     Typo,  No,  3396.  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  3' us.) 

746,  OXYCOTTUS,  Jonlau  &  Evormann,  new  genus. 
n.iii'ottuf,  JoKHAN  ife  EVEUMANN,  now  genus  (acuticepii). 

TliLs  genus  is  iiUied  to  (Hifforoftm,  (littering  in  tin*  absence  of  upward 
pi'iicess  on  tlio  sharp,  upwardly  curved  preopcrculur  spine.  No  slit  behin<l 
l,i-(  gill.     (dgt'S,  sharp  ;  i'ottua.) 

u.  Snout  Hharp ;  anal  riiys  12  or  13.  Acn-KM-.i's, 'Jitsn. 

tin.  Snout  bluntish;  anal  rays  10.  kmiiuyu.m,  2;i84. 

23S3.  OXYCOTTUS  .U'UTICEPS  (Prilliert). 

Head  3^  to  .^|;  eye  4  in  head;  snout  4.  D.  VII  or  VIII,  15  or  16;  A.  12  or 
i:{.  Head  slenderer  and  with  sharper  snout  than  in  O.  macHlosiiH.  Inter- 
(iiliital  space  slightly  concave,  its  width  ^  eye;  maxillary  region  verti- 
cal Just  in  front  of  the  pupil,  3  iu  head,  Cardiform  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer, 
iiiul  palatine  bones.  Preopercnlar  spine  slender,  siiarp,  curve<l  upward 
and  inward,  neither  notched  nor  forked.  Prectpercular  margin  un.'unieil 
lifldwlt;  nasal  spines  sharp;  occiput  without  ridges  or  spines;  opercle 
tliiclveued  above,  ending  behind  in  a  rounded  lobe;  without  delinite  ridge 
or  sjiine.  Braucliiosti'gals  6;  no  evident  pores  behind  last  gill ;  gill  meni- 
hvanes  broiidly  nnitc<l,  free  from  the  isthmus.  A  cirrus  at  inner  base  of 
iiiisal  spines,  3  pairs  evenly  spaced  on  toj)  of  head,  1  above  orbits,  1 
posteriorly  on  occiput,  and  1  midway  between  these  2;  a  <'irrus  at 
angle  of  opercle;  1  above  each  pore  on  anterior  portion  of  lateral  line; 
sides  of  body  otherwise  smooth,  without  further  cirri  and  without  axil- 
liivv  and  other  prickles.  Dor-sal  lin  usually  slightly  joined  at  bjise;  pe<!- 
tonils  reaching  to  or  slightly  beyond  front  of  anal  fin;  ventrals  sliort, 
e(iiialing  length  of  snout  and  eye,  extending  halfway  to  front  of  anal; 
anus  anterior  in  position,  thus  (littering  from  O.  hwchIosuh  and  C,  anaUa, 
its  distance  from  base  of  ventrals  l»ut  ^  its  distance  from  front  of  anal 
lin;  pores  of  lateral  lino  33,  each  of  the  anterior  15\xsually  accompanied  by 
a <irru8.    Fin  rays  in  7  specimens  are  as  follows: 


Spinous  dorsal. 
Vn.        VIII. 

Soft  dorsal. 

Anal. 

Rays 

15, 
3 

16. 

12. 
3 

13. 

Specimens... 

2 

5 

4 

4 

Color  varying  with  the  surroundings,  often  nearly  uniform  Itright  green. 
Wlien  dark  markings  are  present,  we  usually  And  6  short  wedge-shaped 
iloisal  bars,  widening  rapidly  below,  and  joining  one  another  by  their 
extreme  tips;  below  these  a  dnsky  wavy  lengthwise  streak,  and  another 
wider  one  below  Literal  line,  the  latter  marked  posteriorly  by  round 
white  spots,  the  size  of  pupil;  occiput  dusky;  a  black  bar  from  eye  to 
miunt;  1  from  eye  to  behind  maxillary ;  1  from  eye  to  base  of  p^oopcrcu- 


2010  BuUetin  //,  United  States  Natioml  Museum. 


lur  Hpinc;  Ww  iutiTViil  Itctwoi'ii  tli«.sosnl»ociilur  burs  may  bo  silvery  wliic; 
spinouH  (liirsiil  oCt^ii  sliowiiij?  2  dark  biirs,  iih  in  //.  glohirepn;  vnniilH 
pbiin;  fins  otli«r\vis«  finely  mottled  or  indixtinctly  burred;  Home  or  ;i!i  of 
thi-so  dark  markiiigH  Homctimes  iibHeiit.  I'rinoe  William  Hound  (ArUmr 
White  Oreeley)  to  Vancouver  Island.  Four  Rpccimcns,  the  largest  17  him. 
long,  i'rom  tide  pools  at  llnalaskii,  iire  the  tj^jtea  of  the  speeies.  Tlmi' 
additional  specimens  were  taken  in  Departure  Hay,  Vancouver  Isl ml, 
((lilbort.)     (ocH<M«,  sharp ;  -ccj)«,  head.) 

OlIjioeiitliiK  acutieepn,  Gu-Iiekt,  Kept.   l'.  S.  Fish  Omiini.  1803  (1806),  432,  Unalaska     i  ,,||. 
AlbalrotK). 

28S4.  OXYCOTTl'S  KMItRYI'M  (Jordan  &  Starks). 

Head  4  ;  depth  4^.  D.  IX,  15;  A.  10;  orbit  4  in  head;  snout  4;  niaxillnry 
2^  ;  highest  dorsal  spine  2i ;  dorsal  ray  If;  anal  ray  IJ;  h-ugth  of  LMmlal 
flu  I'i;  ventrals  1^;  pectorals  2^  in  body,  liody  elongate,  conii)r('s>c(l, 
back  slightly  elevated,  dce]>est  under  spinous  dorsal;  caudal  pednncli' 
nioilerately  slender.  8kin  without  scales  or  prickles;  head  small,  tiiini- 
ing  rapidly  forward  to  the  rather  sharp  suimt  as  viewed  from  above  ;  iho- 
lile  of  head  straight  below,  acutely  and  evenly  rounded  above;  iiKnitli 
terminal  and  hoii/ontal;  maxillary  reaching  to  the  vertical  from  tin- 
middle  of  pupil;  lower  Jjiw  included;  teeth  on  .jaws,  vomer,  and  ])aliitiiiis 
in  narrow  villiform  bands;  process  of  j)remaxilhuy  prominent,  extemlinn 
slightly  above  nasal  spines,  giving  the  ap)>earance  of  3  spines  .iIkivo 
snout;  eye  set  high  in  head,  the  orbit  as  bmg  as  snout;  jmiopoK  iilni 
spine  short,  blunt,  and  triangular,  entirely  covered  with  the  skin,  cdnv  of 
preopercle  below,  entire;  opercle  ending  in  a  short  llap;  top  of  lund 
with  2  rows  of  "mossy"  cirri,  running  from  the  superior  orbital  iii.imin, 
curving  over  head  and  continuing  on  lateral  line,  they  disappeai'  mi  its 
anterior  third.  Dorsal  si)ine  rather  stout,  the  fin  lower  than  soft  doisiil 
rounded  in  outline;  soft  dorsal  well  separated  from  spinous,  the  fnmt  of 
fin  th«'  highest;  pectorals  long,  the  eighth  ray  the  longest,  giving  I  he  lln 
a  point  behind  which  reaches  to  the  base  of  about  the  seventh  dorsal  i;iy; 
the  same  rays  below  the  eighth  swollen  and  posteriorly  free  fioin  tlic 
membrane;  anal  about  as  high  as  soft  dorsal,  the  rays  somewhat  swollen 
and  more  or  less  free;  ventrals  long,  reaching  about  to  front  of  anal,  tlicir 
insertion  behind  base  of  pectoral  a  distance  equal  to  the  snout  and  (  vc: 
caudal  fin  slightly  rounded.  Color  variabh'  fi'oni  light  green  to  a  rich 
maroon;  traces  of  .5  or  6  dark  crossbars  on  back;  lower  parts  dnsk.v  wiili 
small  light  spots;  belly  white;  a  dark  bar  from  eye  to  side  of  snout.  1 
from  eye  to  edg<'  of  preopercle  behind  end  of  maxillarv,  and  another  IVoin 
eye  to  below  preopercular  spine;  lips  black;  lower  rays  of  pecioials 
crossed  with  black  and  white  bars  which  fade  out  above;  ventrals  lii,flit 
with  soiue  dusky  mottlings;  dorsal  dark  ;rbov(s  light  at  l>jise,  no  inink- 
ings;  anal  with  bhick  and  white  bars  running  Jicross  the  rays,  caiidiil  tin 
mottle<l.  In  this  species  the  preopercular  spine  is  verj'  short,  slini'ii, 
tui'ned  upward,  and  covered  by  skin.  It  has  a  more  acute  snout  than  II. 
fllobieeps,  mouth  with  a  lateral  cleft,  body  more  compressed,  and  the  |>ii- 
maxillary  process  extending  above  nasal  spines.    I'uget  Sound  to  M')ii- 


hit 


Jordan  and  Jivermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2017 


Unalaska     (  nil. 


toiey,  scarce;  2  HpeciincnH  coUcctinl  in  tlie  tith)  pocds  loft  in  the  sand  on 
:i  ht-iach  nrar  Ncali  May,  the  Iarfj;e8t  2?-  iiH"h«'s  in  length.  A  third  siMM'inuMi, 
darker  in  color,  ubtiiincd  at  Point  LoboH,  Curnidu  liay,  near  Monterey,  by 
Mr.  .lolin  O.  Siiyth-r.     (t.v,  in;  fifivov,  sea  inoHs.) 

I iliffocottiis  eiiihriiuiii,  .ToiiiiAN  &.  Stakks,  Troc  (Jul.  Ac.  Sci.  lH)r>,  808,  pi.  82,  Neah  Bay, 
Washington.    (Typr,  Nt..  3128  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Miis.    Coll.  K.  C.  Starks.) 

747.  BLENNICOTTUS,  (iill. 

HlenineoUut,  (lli-i.,  Proc.  .\c.  Nat.  Sti.  Pliila.  1801,  IWi  (globiecpM). 

TliiH  ijcnuH  is  very  cloao  to  ()U;/o",oltii8,  ditl'erinjj  in  the  form  of  itw  pre- 
(i]»('rcular  spine,  which  i8Hh<»rt,  bhint,  and  simple.  Herd  short  and  Miint, 
the  cleft  of  the  mouth  largely  or  wholly  anterior.  Last  gill  slit  obsolete. 
North  Pacitic.     (liletiniuB;  VoHua.) 

a.  llt!n(l  nearly  globular,  very  blunt;  the  clc^ft  of  month  not  extentliDg  on  its  sidts; 

preop(!rcular  spine  with  a  sliort  iioint ;  ventrals  IJ  to  IJ  in  heailj  D.  IX,  IG;  A.  11. 

h.  Head  witli  rather  A^w  cirri.  OLOiiiCEPS,  2.185. 

bh.  Ileatl  with  very  many  cirri.  var.  bkyosus,  2^8'i«. 

2385.  HLEX>n  OTTUS  nLOBirfiPS  (Girard). 

HeadSf;  depth  4i.  1).  IX,  10;  A.  11;  V.  1,3.  Pody  little  compressed; 
head  o.xtremely  short  and  blunt,  narrowed  above,  nearly  everywhere  (con- 
vex. Mouth  anterior,  short  and  broad,  almost  without  lateral  cleft;  lower 
jaw  shortest;  maxillary  reaehin;;  past  front  of  the  small  eye;  interorbital 
space  very  narrow,  grooved,  about  i  width  of  eye;  preojjercular  spine 
with  a  single  point  turned  upward;  top  of  head  with  2  series  of  cirri;  none 
on  sides  of  head,  except  a  few  on  upper  i»art  of  oporcle;  a  series  of  cirri 
along  anterior  half  of  lateral  line;  skin  without  scales  or  i)rjckle8;  pec- 
torals reaching  beyond  front  of  anal.  JJark  olive,  with  obscure  darker 
cross  bars;  tirst  dorsal  with  2  dark  streaks  above;  fins  generallj'  barred 
with  greenish,  orange,  or  blue;  cirri  mostly  bliick.  Length  3  to  4  inches. 
Pacific  Coast,  from  Kadiak  to  San  Diego;  the  typical  form  from  Sfiu  Diego 
northward  to  Oregon ;  in  rock  pools,  rather  rare,  more  common  southward. 
{tjlohtis,  globe;  -cep8,  head.) 

Oligocottua  globicepa,  GiRARD,  IT.  S.  Pac.  R.  R.  Snrv..  Fish.,  58,  1858,  South  Parallones. 
(Coll.  Lieut.  Trowbridge.  Type,  No.  300,  U.  8.  Nat.  Mas.) ;  Jouuan  &.  Giluebt,  Synop- 
sis, 718, 1883. 

Ccnfridermichthys  globicepg,  GI^nther,  Cat.,  II,  171, 1860. 

IllennicottuK  globiceps,  Jordan  &,  Stark,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 808. 

p 

Represented  in  Pugot  Sound  and  northward  to  Katliak  by 

2885».  BLENXICOTTIS  (JLOBICEPS  BRYOSI'S,  Jordan  &  Starks. 

Northern  specimens  are  larger  in  size,  4  to  6  inches,  with  paler  and  more 
variegated  coloration  and  red  markings ;  the  preopercular  spine  is  stronger 
and  slightly  hooked  ui)ward,  and  the  operde  has  many  more  cirri  above 
than  in  the  southern  form.  These  dilfereuces  are  very  slight  and  perhaps 
unworthy  of  notice,     dipvov,  sea  moss,  from  the  cirrous  head.) 

Illennicottux  globiceps  bnjnuus,  Jordan  &  Starks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  808,  Point  Or- 
chard, Seattle.    <CoU.£.  C.  SUrks.) 


l^r- 


.-4- 


!: 


2018  liu/h'tin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


748.  HISTIOCOTTUS,  Gill. 

Piropiis,  Lay  \-  nKNNKTT,  IJccclicyH  Voy.,  Zool.,  FImIi.,  .lit,  18:nt  (hilobns) ;  nnnio  j>re<)t(U|ii,  1. 
llinHnei>Huii,  O1U-,  Proc.  I\  S,  Nut.  Mum.  1888,  573  (liilnhuH). 

This  jjoiiHH  i.s  vt>rj'  <'l»»ao  to  IHipaiaH,  from  which  it  dillerH  in  the  abseiK  .- 
of  Hinooth  ii  10118  on  th«  body;  the  tins  arc  h)w«ir,  the  dora.-il  noteniiii.;! 
niite,  and  the  pectoral  miieh  iar^^er,  porhapH  eiipalde  of  bein^  used  t',,\- 
llijjfht.     North  j'aeilic.     {Idriov,  aail;  Cottiia.) 

'.>:tS4(.  IIISTHMOTTIIN  itILOItUN  (Ciivicr  \-.  ValciiciRnncH). 

I).  LX,:il;  A.  IS;  1',  16.  Hody  shorter  and  deeper  than  in  lUipmin  cirtho- 
aiiH,  with  thicker  randal  pednncle  and  heavier  head,  the  bones  les8  liim; 
Hnont  Hhort,  obtuHe,  intcrorbit.-il  Hi>aee  very  wide,  concave,  ^  wider  tiiaii 
the  sniiill  eye;  short  occipitiil  ridf^cs  present,  liesides  several  bluntisli 
tubercles.  Mouth  broatl,  oblique,  the  maxillary  reaching  pupil;  tccili 
small,  distant;  barbels  as  in  vhrhomiH.  Head  and  body  covered  with 
jiricklcs,  larfj;er  and  blunter  than  in  ilrrhoaus;  no  naked  patches  on  body; 
tins  less  developed  than  in  cirrhoHus;  first  5  or  6  spines  of  dorsal  subeiiu.il, 
the  last  3  altruptly  shorter;  pectorals  lon<;;or  and  much  broader  than  in 
cirrhosHs,  reachinj";  seventh  anal  ray;  caudal  short,  much  shorter  than 
head.  Olivaceous,  paler  lielow;  dorsal  rej^iou  with  4  or  5  black  biirs, 
reii(;hing  ^  the  distance  to  the  later.il  line,  and  somewhat  continued  on  tli(> 
fins;  caudal  with  a  bhick  bar  at  base,  otherwise  plain;  pectorals  and  .inai 
blotched  with  black.  Coast  of  Alaska  aiul  Kamchatka,  not  very  common ; 
the  specimen  here  described  from  Kadiak.     {hilobm,  two-lobed.) 

Jilepaiat  hilobtu,  Cuvieb  &  X'alenciennes,  Hint.  Nat.  roiss.,  iv,  379,  1829,  Kamchatka 
(Coll.  M.  CoUiji),  IJiit.  M118.);  OnNTiiKU, Cat.,  11, 153, 1800;  JoiiDAN  &  Giluekt, Sjuop. 
8i«,  7'JO,  1883. 

I'eropm  bUobun,  Bennett,  lleefho.v'.s  Voy.,  Zool.,  Fi«h.,  59, 1839. 

749.  BLEPSIAS,  Cnvier, 

Bl>'pid(u,  CnviER,  R(Wno  Animnl,  Ed.  2, 1829  (eirrhoem). 

Head  and  body  compressed;  skin  hispid  with  stifHsh  villiform  prickles, 
and  with  definitely  naked  areas;  snout  and  chin  with  several  rather  lonj; 
barbels;  mouth  small;  teeth  villiform,  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines; 
preopercle  with  2  short  blunt  spines;  gill  membranes  free  from  the  isth- 
mus; gills  4,  a  slit  behind  the  fourth;  toj*  of  head  with  bony  ridges;  sult- 
•orbital  stay  narrow;  tirst  dorsal  short,  elevated  in  front,  emarginate,  tlio 
spines  slender;  second  dorsal  large;  anal  similar,  lower;  ventrals  very 
short,  I,  3;  pectorals  long.  North  Pacific.  (An  old  name  of  some  fish ; 
from  liXeicco,  look.) 

23H7.  BLEPSIAS  CIRRIIOSITS  (Pallas). 

TTead3f;  depth  SJ.  D.V-III,23;  A.  20;  P.  12;  scales  50.  Supraocular 
ridgt's  well  developed;  int«'rorbital  space  concave,  with  2  low  ridges 
extending  backwar«l  from  nasal  spines,  diverging  toward  occipital  ridges; 
th(!  latter  large,  partly  interrupted;  suborbital  stay  conspicuous;  tempo- 


Jordan  and  Evcrtnarin. — Fishes  of  North  America.      2019 


opreocciiiiii  ,1 


rill  ridjjo  present;  niiivillary  ruituliiii);  to  Ix'yond  iniilille  of  ])ii])il ;  snout 
W'tb  r>  linrbols,  chin  with  (>,  tho  ionf^imt  about  as  Inn^  an  th<-  e.v<>,  which 
it).:^  in  head;  nsninil  cirrus  on  cu(;h  interoriiital  ritl^ro;  interorbital  space 
ar<  A'idc  as  cyo;  sides  witli  W  or  I  pule,  weil-dnlinod,  naked  aieus  behind 
jM'  torals,  th*>  2  anterior  much  tlie  largest;  behind  these  a  b>ii^  nakc<l 
sti  p  aionj;  the  lateral  line,  coloretl  like  the  rest  uf  th(^  V)ody ;  lirst  I  spines 
of  liorHal  elevated,  \  to  '\  length  of  head;  tlic  lifth  much  shortened;  iiieni- 
lir:;iie  (b'cply  notched  between  the  (iftb  spine  and  the  sixth,  which  is 
Immer  than  the  one  Itefore  it;  vcntrals  aH  lon;j  as  eye;  pecturalH  reacbinjj 
Mi'icli  beyoiul  front  of  anal;  tirat  rays  of  soft  dorsal  short;  tiut  others 
i^iiidualiy  lengtlieutMl  to  near  the  last,  the  highest  hi^htu'  tlpin  the  dorsal 
>Iiiiios;  caudal  lon<i'er  than  bea<l.  Dark  «>livaccous,  sides  ot  back  with  1 
III  (!  vertically  obIoii<r  blaek  bb>tches  ed^-ed  with  i)aler,  not  reaching 
iicirly  to  lateral  line;  belly  and  naked  areas  on  sides  whitish;  black 
1)11  lids  radiatinj;  from  eyes;  tins  dark,  with  lar^fo  jiale  blotches  au<l  <lark 
s|i<>ts;  caudal  with  li;j;lit  and  dark  bars;  vcntrals  plain;  a  small  white 
siiot  on  front  of  spinous  dorsal.  Adults  from  llnalaska  show  the  follow- 
iiii;  cobu":  Olive  fjreeu  of  varying  shades,  the  i>elly  bri<;:lit  co|)]),'ry  yellow, 
tin  cross  blotches  on  iiack  nearly  black,  with  paler  margins;  naked 
)iat(hcs  on  sides  white  or  brassy,  those  on  tail  colored  liK»)  body,  those  on 
li(  ad  silvery ;  lirst  dorsal  light  olive,  with  2  translucent  patches;  secimd 
dorsal  mottled  oliv<'  with  dark  spots  and  translucent  patches;  cau<lal 
wirli  '^  bla<'kish  and  4  translucent  bands;  anal  yellowish  cdive  with 
iiimierous  spots  and  translucent  patches;  radiating  blackish  bands  run- 
ning out  from  »\ve;  the  ujijter  barbtds  black,  the  lower  (dive.  Length  (> 
iiM  lies.  Alaska  to  San  Krancisco,  in  shallow  Wiiter;  not  rare  northward; 
((niimon  at  Tnalaska;  known  also  from  I'etropaulski  and  Ituru]  Island; 
not  ofttni  seen  south  «)f  Puget  Sound,     {cirrhoaiis,  bearing  cirri.) 

Trdchinns  cir/-7*o«HS,  Pai.las,  Zciopr.  RoHH.-ARint.,  ui,  2li7,  1811,  Avatcha  Bay,  Kamchatka 

(Coll.  Merk);  Gulf  of  Penshin,  Ochotsk  Sea. 
lU'ii.iias  trilobus,  (JuviER  &  Vai.kncienxf.s,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  iv,  :t75, 1829;  Maine  tyjicM. 
lUi'lisias  cirrhoxun,  GiiNTUiou,  (Jat.,  u,  15;i,  1800;  Steindachnkk,  Ichtb.  Beit.,  V,  128,  187(); 

.luKDAN  &  GiLHEBT,  Synopsis,  710, 1883. 

750.  NAUTTSCUS,  Jordan  A-  Evermann,  now  genus. 

\iiiitisnis,  Jordan  &  Evek.m  .^n-    ihw  <r<'i"is  (prihiUwiun). 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Xautkhthys,  having  the  same  gill  struc- 
tiiics  and  dentition,  but  the  lirst  dorsal  is  only  moderately  elevated,  its 
height  being  less  than  de])tb  of  body.  There  are  no  cirri  on  the  head, 
anil  there  is  no  marked  depression  at  the  occiput,  the  base  of  tlie  dorsal 
l)eing  little  raised  above  the  nape;  preopercle  with  four  obsolete  spines; 
skin  rougher  than  in  Nantichfln/a,  the  anal  fin  shorter.  Bering  Sea. 
(u  diminutive  of  j'cvur?/?,  a  ship,  from  the  low  first  dorsal.) 

2388.  XAl'TlSti:8  PKIBILOVIUS,  Jordan  .t  Gilbert,  new  species. 

Ditfering  from  N.  oculofaseiatua  in  the  shorter  lower  fins,  the  lower  cra- 
nial ridges,  and  the  <'oloration.  Head  '^  to  3^^;  dei)th  3?.  D.  VIIT,  23;  A.- 
T);  V.I, 3;  P.  15;  eye  3^^  in  bead ;  maxillary  2f;  lateral  line  with  39 spines. 


SI: 


l"'^ 


2020 


Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Mitseinn. 


Sliiipoof  he.id  ami  liody  iiiiich  as  in  N,  ornh>fasrintun;  lieatl  slioii,  Hk  ,,i\{ 
raHior  Hliar|>.  tin*  antnior  profUn  steep;  nasal  HpineH  ])romiiwiit,  :i  Imri 
oiTiilar  rirriiH,  imioli  snijillrr  than  in  \.  ootilofaaiialiia,  Hliortcr  tlian  \<"\\\\; 
inti-robital  Hpaco  narrow,  almnt  i  ey«>,  <I('Oi)ly  conravc;  a  lilunt  triiiii'  iilup 
ri<lg«  abnvo  cacli  orliit,  with  a  dooj*  (Tohh  fnnow  bfhind  it  whirli  dr.  im-hs 
to  a  j»il  at  Hit'  vertex;  nnclial  ri(l>jt'H  lowi-r  than  in  N.  o(tnlofandatiin.  uii 
with  a  coarse  tnlinrch',  lower  and  larger  than  in  the  otiior  species.  |  loin 
the  nnchal  depression,  th(>  base  of  tirst  dorsal  H])in»H  rincH  nindi  Ichn 
aWniptiy.  Treopercle  with  4  hlnnt  prominences,  tlie  upper  of'toii  Ion;;,.,. 
and  more  spine-lil<o.  Month  nearly  horizontal,  tho  lower  Jaw  imlinicd; 
a  slender  iihinient  at  end  of  maxillary;  teeth  Hmall,  a  few  on  vomer  iiiul  n 
narrow  band  on  ])alatinea.  Oill  membranes  broadly  united  to  istliniiiH, 
the  gill  opening  extending  a  little  below  the  lower  edge  of  p»(  idml. 
Skin  covered  with  close-set  villous  priclxles,  among  which  large  om^  aio 
fre(inently  seen  arranged  in  ratlier  dehnite  longitudinal  series,  of  \vliir|| 
there  nuiy  be  2  or  3  parallel  with  the  back,  and  1  running  near  lower  lino 
if  tail.  No  smooth  areas  on  sides.  Lateral  lino  conspicuous,  the  ]iliit(s 
with  short  spines  directed  bR?1-'vaiu.  Dorsals  separate,  the  (iisi  not 
notched,  eoniparativtdy  low,  the  ilist  spino  highest,  lij  in  li«'ad  in  tyji.;  jn 
other  specimens  H  to  l^V  in  head;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  also  low,  "none  oIiIh' 
rays  reaching  base  of  caudal  when  depvessed;  pectoral  longer  than  head; 
ventrals  H  to  2  in  head.  Coh»r,  dull  light  olivaceous,  mottled  with  dai  kii  ; 
3  or  I  dark  bands  below  soft  dorsal,  1  below  spinous  dorsal;  a  black  lininl 
through  eyes  and  across  cheeks,  extending  (Uito  branchiostegal  membi:iii(s; 
7  dusky  s]>ot8  along  lateral  line,  a  conspicuous  pink  blotch,  rather  laiMr,.| 
than  pupil,  between  first  and  second  blotch;  first  dorsal  dusky;  m  ( dinl 
diU'sal,  anal,  and  pect«>ral  (U)tted  and  checkctl;  caudal  with  faint  liiiily 
checked  cross  lines  which  deepen  to  form  a  dark  bar  at  its  base  and  a 
broader  one  toward  its  tip;  ventrals  pale;  belly  nn>ttled.  Hering  Sea. 
One  sp*>cimcn,  (m-ui.  long,  from  Albatross  Station  3635,  otf  St.  Ge(uge,  Island, 
in  23  fathoms.  Another  &>■  cimen  barely  iin  inch  long  was  dredged  in  7 
fathoms  in  the  harbor  .if  Unalaska.  Very  numerous  specimens  wiic 
obtained  by  the  AVuit-.usH  in  1890  in  Hristol  Hay  and  south  of  the  Ala.-kan 
Peninsula.  It  was  at  that  time  incorrectly  identified  by  Dr.  Gilbert  with 
N.  ociilofasciatiis.  In  5  specimens  of  those  i'rom  liristol  Bay  the  dorsal  (on- 
tains  VIII  or  IX.  23  or  24  rays,  the  anal  10  or  17,  the  pectoral  15  oi  lli. 
(prihiloriiis,  from  tlu^  Pribil(»f  Islands,  named  fi»r  their  fliscoverer,  Gcras. 
Sim  Pribilof,  1786.) 

\anticlithyt  oculofaseiatm,  GtLliEHT,  Ropt.  TJ.  S.  Fish  Cnmni.  1H03  (1890),  -i:i4 ;  not  of !  in;  \iin. 
yautichthiit  jiiihiluviuii,  Jo'u<an  &.  GlLltEBT,  Fi.>4he8  Heriuy;  Stia,  MS.,  1898,  off  St.  George 
Island.    (Type, No. 48237,  U.S. Nat. AIus.    Coll. Dr.  Jordan.) 

751.  NAUTICHTHYS,  Girard. 

Nautiehthys,  GlRARP,  TI.  S.  Pac.  R.  R.  Surv.,  x.  Fishes,  74, 1858  (nculofmciatun). 

Body  rather  elongate,  compressed,  but  not  elevated,  the  skin  ^venly  kiv- 

•  ored  with  short,  clo8e-:.et,  villiform  prickles.    Head  short,  strongly  imu- 

pressed,  the  cheeks  subvertical;  orbital  ring  much  elevated  above,  witli 


m 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      2021 


HOMrul  hluiit  protiibornnctm  Ituhind;  iiapo  much  tlcproHsvd,  with  tho  Ihihu 
(if  iliu  (loi'Hiil  liii  riHin^  ubruptly  above  it;  mouth  Hiiiall;  tu«*th  on  Jiiwh, 
vdimr,  uiul  piihitiiicH;  preopiaclf  witli  Hiiuili,  bliintiHli  HpiiiuH  iibitvu;  ^ill 
iiiniii)i'aii*m  Iti'oadly  iiiiittMl  to  tlio  iHthmiia;  a  Hlit  buiiiiid  t'oiirtii  \iS\\\  bruti- 
,liiii>l«'j?al  (5;  lirHt  dorsal  I'ulcatu,  th«  HpiiioH  very  tloxibk>,  tlio  anterior 
iiiiM'h  ulovatiMl,  irtich  longer  than  head,  tiir  ptmtorinr  rapidly  Hiiorteiied; 
Hfdiiid  dorsal  long  and  rather  high;  anal  lin  Himilar  to  second  ibirsal,  but 
^liditer  and  lower;  pectorals  moderate;  ventrals  1,  :t,  well  developed, 
ncMi'ly  as  long  as  head.  Pacilie  Coast.  Small  llshes,  of  singular  a|)pear- 
ame.  (rrrtrz/f,  sailor ;  i^^ivi,  tish;  in  allusion  to  the  development  ol'  the 
tliM  dorsal  tin.) 

288».  NALTK'IITIIYS  (M  I'LOFASt  lATl'N  ((llnir.l). 

Head  HI;  depth  3!i.  D.  IX,  28;  A.  !!•;  1'.  II;  V.  I,  [{;  scaUslt.  M'lxil- 
liiiv  rea(diing  to  opposite  pupil;  eye  very  large,  longer  than  snout;  nasal 
sjiiiies  conspicuous,  curved;  maxillary  and  edgeol'preopercle  with  minute 
cini ;  orbit  with  a  branched  cirrus,  as  long  as  pupil;  the  narrow  inler- 
orliital  space  deeply  channeled;  supraocular  ridge  posteriorly  with  3  blunt 
tiiliorcles;  2  compressed  tubercles  on  each  shle  oC  tirst  dorsal;  a  deep  ]»it 
at  iia])e,  oxteu<ling  under  origin  «d'  tirst  dorsal;  s])inous  dorsal  smooth; 
rays  of  soft  dorsal  and  caudal  roughened  with  priekh's;  dorsal  spines 
ufiiriy  twice  length  of  head;  ventrals  %  length  of  head,  a  little  shorter 
tliMu  caudal;  pectorals  long.  (Jrayish  abov*-;  sides  with  dark  marblings 
.111(1  obscure  dusky  bands;  a  very  conspicuous  black  band  through  eye  and 
across  cheek;  first  <lorsal  blackish;  other  fins  barred  with  light  .ind  dark; 
ventrals  plain.  Length  6  inches.  Facitic  Coast,  Kadiak  to  Siiu  Francisco, 
chietly  northward;  not  rare  in  Puget  Sound;  a  most  singular-looking  tish. 
{ocnhts,  eye;  fusciaUts,  banded.) 

UU'iisia*  ociilii/atciatiis,  Gikard.  Troc.  Ac  Nat.  Sci.  IMiila.  1857,  202,  Fort  Steilacoom, 
Washington.    (Coll.  Dr.  Geo.  Siicltley .    Typo,  No.  512,  U.  S.  Xat.  Mus.) 

\iiiilirhlhliii  ocvlo/aKciatita,  GlRAUD,  U.  S.  Pac.  K.  11.  Surv.,  x,  Klsli.,  74, 1«58;  GCNTirKH,  ('at., 
II,  1.57. 1800;  Steindachnkk,  Iclitli.  Meitr.,  v,  130,  will  i>latf;  .Iokdan  \  Gilukkt,  .Syn- 
i)I>.sib,  727, 188J ;  JORDAN  &-  Starks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1805, 810. 


752.  ULCA,  .Ionian  &  Evermaun. 
r/iK,.r()R0AN  &  Kvkrmaxn,  Prof.  (Jal.  Ac.  Sci.  1896,  227  {marvwrahis). 

The  genus  is  close  to  ncmiiriptcnis,  from  which  it  ditlers  in  its  shorter 
lirst  dorsal  of  about  14  spines,  the  iirst  4  of  which  are  not  <liflerentiated, 
tlif  tin  therefore  not  emargiuate.  Alaska.  ( t'/Ac,  the  Dauish-Korwegiau 
Uiiiiio  for  all  Cottidw.) 

L'SOO.  IILCA  MAKMORATA  (Biaii). 

Head  211 ;  depth  3ii.  D.  XIV,  12;  A.  13;  V.  1,  3;  lateral  line  (tubes)  44. 
Eye  about  as  long  as  snout  and  ^  as  long  as  head.  Pectorals  reaching  to 
the  vertical  through  the  anal  origin;  ventral  scarcely  longer  than  eye. 
Gill  membrane  free  from  isthmus.  Maxillary  reaching  beyond  end  of  eye. 
Fiitst  dorsal  base  as  long  as  head  without  snout,  the  lirst  4  spines  less 


■  -■'"-■■■-  ■y^B'  •• 


1 
'*•, 


1/ 


if 

St 


ii 


!!    1 


2022  DiiUcdn  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 

elfviiteil  iiiid  (UH'eieiitiiito<l  than  in  nfmilHptcnia.  SIiIoh  dark  ymy, 
iiituiiiiiii^flud  with  wliitish  rotltnlatioiiM.  'I'y|'«  '2<i  Inchi-s  loiij;.  Nnith 
I'acilic  and  lleriiiK  S«ia,  in  deep  watur.  (Uraii).  Dr.  (iilboit  h<>i«-s 
hIho:  "Several  Hrnall  H|ieciii»'nM  wiTc  hcciimmI  in  lUnlnj,'  Sou,  to  tin-  imrth 
<»f'  rnulaska  ImUuuI,  <l«»ptliH  70  to  I'Jl  fatlior-iH.  Thc.v  a^ret'  with  tin. 
typiHin  luivinK  hnt  II  <lorHul  NpiiicH,  tint  lirHl  t  of  which  nie  iiotnotirc  .'il)lv 
diD'ortintiattnl.  The  Nix'ond  doisul  contaiuH  II  or  \'J  ihvh,  untl  the  an:il  iln 
l'.\,  'I'lio  laHt  -'  rayH  of  the  anal  tin  are  approxiniati-d  at  Imiho,  but  itn  not 
evidfMtly  tonntitutc  a  divhlod  ray."    (iiiHrmoruluH,  niarblud.) 

Ileiiiitriiilentii  inanntirahiK,  Kkan,  Vrw.  l".  S.  Nut.  Mum.  IMIIO,  4:1,  off  Sitkalidak  Islnnil, 
at  Albatross  Station  3855  in  69  fathoms;  (iiUii:ttT,  llt'itt.  V.  8.  FIhIi  Coiniii  l^u;| 
(IHUO),  411). 

.'  CtiltiiK  iult<i»ii$,  ■'  Pai.I.ah.  Zooisr.  Ronn.-AMJiit,,  iir.  129,  1811,  Cape  of  Kronok  and  mouth 
of  the  Itscha  ;  after  Stkm.kR;  (Mvikb  A.  Valencikn.neb,  IliHt.  Nnt.  I'oiHH.,  iv,  19(1.  |m;>o, 


753.  HEMITRIPTERUS,  Ciivior. 
(Ska  Kanknm.) 

nemitriptenin,  CrviKB,  KtSxiio.  Aniin.,  K«l.  1!,  vol.'J,  KI4,  IS'.'O  {aiiiericanvt). 

Mody  nioderiitcly  olonj^atc,  araleh-sH,  Imt  the  wkin  covered  with  iiricKlcs 
aud  bony  protiiboranceH  of  varioiiH  hI/oh  and  forni.s.  |[(>a<l  large,  witli 
niiniei'oiis  bony  hitnipH  and  rid|roHaiid  lleshy  Hlip.s  above;  orl>ital  ritu  tiiiuli 
elevated,  the  iutcrorbital  Hjtaee  deeply  eoncave;  a  depressed  area  at  tlio 
occiput,  behind  which  iire  2  blunt  spinoH  on  each  side.  Mouth  very  wiilo; 
juwa,  vomer,  and  palatineH  with  liroad  bando  of  teeth;  no  Hlit  behiiul  last 
K\U]  Kill  nienibriineH  broadly  united  free  from  isthmus;  preopen^le  witii 
Htottt,  liluiit  Npines;  Huborbital  staj  very  Htro;.;;,  forming  a  Hhurp  riilijc. 
SpinotiH  dorsal  nitich  longer  than  the  soft  part,  of  1(>  to  1^  spiiu-H,  of  wiiich 
the  lirHt  2  ate  the  liigheHt,  and  the  fourth  aud  fifth  uhorter  than  the  suc- 
ceeding ones,  the  lin  thii8  deeply  entarginate;  jtectoral  Iiu8  very  broad, 
much  prociirrent;  ventrals  I,  '.\.  Large  liHlies  of  singiilur  appearance,  in. 
habiting  the  North  Atlantic,  tind  Facilic.  Dr.  (iill  makes  of  them  a  dis- 
tinct family  on  account  of  the  great  length  of  the  spiuoua  dorsal  and  liu' 
])eculiar  development  <»f  the  myodonie.  The  gentis  is,  however,  rt'hited 
to  ISbpHidstiud  y^anHcltlhyH,  and  the  spinouM  dorsal  is  as  long  in  Joidtiina 
as  in  UrmilriplrrHS,  while  the  two  genera  stand  as  extremes  in  the  Cottoid 
group,     {ijfit — ,  half ;  r/je25,  three;  7t  re  pur  I'm.) 

a.  Dorsal  Hpiiie  about  16;  the  upper  surfaeo  of  IuiikI  inuderntoly  uneven. 

AMKRICANt'S,  L';:!ll. 

aa.  DoFHal  upincH  18;  toj)  of  lioiul  excessively  uneven.  cavifuons,  i;;)!ti;. 


*  Some  unknown  Hsli  allied  to  Flea  marmorata  is  Cottus  villo.su .t,  Pallas.  Size,  fonii,  iind 
dinu'UHions  of  Oncocottus  ifiia<lnconiig,  the  nanH^  intestines,  but  with  a  dLtiisTctMUIt) 
smoke-like  odor.  Its  skin  is  soft,  loose,  sand-colored,  covercil  witli  villoslties  like  a  vuKh 
tongue.  On  the  lateral  line  these  prickles  are  stronjier  and  J  of  a  line  to  a  line  in  diiiint'- 
ter.  Ki{jht  soft  cutaneous  tlai>s  each  :t  lines  long,  and  bifid  or  trilid,  at  eijual  interviil-  on 
the  lower  jaw;  bellv  white,  back  varied  and  marked  with  brown.  Cape  of  Kronidv  idiil 
mouth  of  the  river Itsuka.    Known  uuly  I'rum  uotuti of  IStoUer.    (Pallas).    (vUlotus,  huh y.) 


Joniau  and  liverniatiu. — lushes  of  North  Amctiio.     *J023 


m\\\.  IIKNITKirrKltl  M  AUKKiriMM  (OtiK'lli)). 


Cronok  and  mouth 

I'dlHH.,  IV,  IOC    l.H'JU, 


B(l  with  )»ri<kli's 
(>a<l   liirge,  w  itli 
)rlutul  rim  inncli 
Hsed  uruii  at  ilif 
oiitli  very  wiilii; 
>  slit  liohiiiil  last 
j»ro<ni«;rclo  witii 
I  wharp  ridujc. 
Hpiurs,  of  wliii  li 
er  than  th«  suc- 
UH  very  Ijioad, 
ai)p<'arant('.  in- 
<if  thoiii  a  ilis- 
H  (lormil  an<l  iIk' 
iwexer,  ri'latt'il 
)iig  in  Jorilaiiia 
t)8  in  the  Cotloid 


(SKA  ItAVKN.) 

Ilnaa  2i;  •■•'pth  :<'j.  1>.  IV.  XII-I,  12;  A.  lit;  hciiIom  40.  Hotly  viUonit, 
tlio  |M'i(kleN  I  iihirgcd  anil  tnlMTch^lilvo  along  harU  an<l  iattiral  lino;  naHal 
>|iineH  Htrong;  HMiiiaoiiilar  litlgo  ninch  «<lovali*il,  with  iloriiial  lliipH  and  '2 
Miiut  Hpiin;s;  W  paii'H  of  Monhy  HiipH  on  naHal  hunos,  und  2  on  Hnpraociilur 
ridgrn;  Hniallcr  cirri  on  maxillary,  on  (iruorliital,  und  Hovt^-al  on  lower 
i;i\v;  int'Toonlar  Hpacn  vury  d«>o))ly  coniMivu;  2  hlnnt  occipital  H|iinuN  <mi 
I  ach  Hide,  outHidt^  of  wliiuli  are  2  or  li  otIiurH;  ttperch*  Hniail,  with  a  hony 
lidgo;  ])rooper(de  with  2  hlnnt  HpinoH,  helow  which  arc  1  or  2  otliern; 
lower  jaw  Hlightly  |irojccting;  maxillary  reaching  hcyond  eye,  ahont  J 
lica<l;  pu(;toralH  nearly  reaching  anal;  highest  dornal  Npiint  1;^  in  length 
lit'  hctt<l,  aH  long  as  ciindal;  ventralH  reiiching  halfway  to  amil.  K'eddiHh 
brown,  niarlded  with  darker  lirown,  and  much  varieguletl;  yellowiHli 
below;  liiiH  variegated  with  light  ami  darU.  Length  H  inchcH.  Atlantie 
roast  of  America,  chielly  northward,  from  New  York  to  Labrador,  not  rare, 
ciiuimon  at  Woods  Itoh^  in  October  and  Novemhei  ;  a  moHt  rennirkahle 
looking  tish. 

,V()ri)(r/i«  a»»/'n>n»ia  (iMEUN,  S.vHt.Niit,  12'.'0.  17H8,  iil'ter  "Diiiblc  on  n-ii|iitnd  do  Mer 
d'Aui6ri(|a«  "  of  da  Iliiiai'l  ilo  MinicHiiii,  IVrho,  in, '.',  u:i. 

Ciitliinaendiii II,  I'KSS AST,  Arctic  Zoiil.,  MI,  :i71,  Nova  Scotia. 

Cntliiiincailian,  Wamiai'M,  Artcdi  I'inc,.,nit;i,  170J,  Nova  Scotia;   Newfoundland. 

r„t/,in  liini'idiin.  IlLocn  \  SciINiaitKll,  Syst.  l(lilli.,ti;i,  IHOl,  New  York. 

I'oltiin  trijilei-iiiiiuii,  lii.ocn  \  ScHNKniEii,  Synt.  Ichth.,  0;t,  1«01,  Nova  Scotia;  after  pen- 
nant. 

Iliiiiitniitenin  aineric(iniiii.<'vviKH&.  \'ai.i:n(Iennes,  lliHt.Niit.  I'liisH.,  iv,  268,  lH2lt;  (JCn- 
TiiKii,  Cat.,  n,  14;),  IHOO;  .loKDAN  \  (Juaiiarr,  Syiioi>.HiM,flH.-.,  lH8;i. 

Ilitnitriptifiin  (icadiamm,  Stobku,  Hist.  Finli.  Mann.,  35,  1H07. 

atWi.  IIK.WITKII'TKItllS  (AVIKmtNS,  Lix  kin^'ton. 

1).  IV.  XIV,  13;  A.  II;  P.  20;  V.  1,  3;  scales  11.  Very  similar  to  Hani- 
h  ijilcriiH  amcricanua,  bnt  with  the  npper  surface  of  the  head  more  nnoveii, 
the  concavity  of  the  interociilar  area  more  marked,  and  the  (hnvsal  lin  with 
more  spines.  Head  eiinaling  depth,  al»oiit  'A\  in  total  length  with  candal. 
Length  1<>  inches.  C'oast  of  Alaska,  not  common;  perhaps  not  distinct 
from  the  preceding,     {carus,  concave;  J'ronn,  forehead.) 

llinntriiitvnit  faoi/niim,  LocKlNdTON,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiila.  1«H0,  a;t;i,  Kadiak  Island, 
Alaska.     (Coll.  W.J.  Fisher.) 


i!ven. 

A.MERICANrS,'J:i'.H. 
("AVIFUON8,  ZiWl 

laH.  Size,  form,  and 
r\tl\  a,  di«afjrtc;ililo 
llosltit'n  like  a  ciilfs 
to  aliiu)  in  diiiinf- 
it  equal  interviil--  mi 
jape  of  Kronok  :iiiil 
j).    (vUluiiua,  haiiy.) 


754.  SYNCHIRUS,  Hean. 

SjiiiehiruB,  Bean,  Proc.  U.  .S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xn,  1889,  041  {ijilli). 

Mody  slender  and  moderately  elongate,  resembling  that  of  Tr'ujlopa; 
covered  with  thin,  ttnigh  skin.  Lateral  line  armed  with  spinj'  tnbercles. 
spiny  scales  in  a  series  along  the  dorsal  base.  Head  snl)couical,  with 
moderately  pointed  .snont.  Month  small,  very  slightly  obliqne;  the  rami 
of  the  mandible  a  little  concave  beneath.     Premaxillaries  i»rotractile; 


a* 


I 


e 


'i 


'202 1  liulli'tin  /7.  rniUd  S(aUs  Nuthml  Museum, 


JuwH  with  hIcikIoi-,  villitbriii  tetttli,  in  IxiiKlft;  tcrtli  uii  votiirr  mid  |m|i|. 
tiiiuH,  l'Ht>iid<iliiaiirliiii<  |irus)-iit.  (iIIIh  .Tf,  no  NJit  Im'IiIiuI  tlin  liiNt ;  /  ;| 
oponin^H  will)',  (t\ton<liii)f  liltovo  tli«  iii«Mliiin  lino,  Mic  ini«nil>riiiH>  ('■<«  Ilu, 
till'  iHtluiiiiH.  Siiliorltitul  coiiniM'ti'tl  Ity  a  iioiiy  Htiiy  witli  tli«  itiiMtpcK  ;< , 
wiiii'li  linHiN  11  Htioii^  iiilld  N]iinr  at  ilM  iiii^jt;.  1'<m  tni-iiJH  itini|il*'trlv 
iiiiittMl  iiroiiiHl  till)  IniNtHt,  tlu)  MiiMMltriiucH  tVfo  nt  \\w  iiiiir^iii.  \  (^nti.iU 
ilisfaiit  ri'iMu  tlit^  f^ili  opoiiiii^,  tlio  |uil»i<-  lioiii^N  lirin^  i'i'nitirl<til)iy  ioni;, 
tlio  linH  ili\<<i){inu  wiiloiy,  ami  riniHiNtin^  of  a  iiitliintMitary  Hpiiin  iiiM  :i 
rnyH,  DoihuI  loiiju;,  tlit^  spinoiiH  portion  low,  witli  sluniior  spint-H,  ami  flic 
Hot't  portion  twi<-i>  aH  lot!};  uh  tin' HpiiionH.  Anal  lon^.  Cinnlal  nioilenui  l\ 
uioiif^ntu,  itN  nii«l<ll<>  ravH  HunnnvUat  |M-o<lm't>(l.  Ocnital  papilla  oC  iii:i|i' 
r«'(!«-ivtnl  in  a  pit  in  front  of  aual.     I'ufitic.     ((JtV,  tu^<>tli«>r;  x^Uh  liaml.j 

«»0!l.  NYX  lllltlN  (JIIJ.I,  ll<Mui. 

Head  :U;  depth  5\;  Hr.  ti;  l>.  VIII  to  IX,  lit  to  lil;  A.  I'O;  V.  I.  \\\  \\  :".'. 
Kyu  al'ont  uh  Itni^  aH  Hiiont,  1  in  htmd.  Maxillary  i'xt«Midinf{  to  alimit 
hulow  niiddh'  of  «>yo.  'I'ho  intcrorhital  .spaio  not  i|nit«  <'i|nal  to  Umi^iIi  uf 
eye;  a  ]>air  of  Htronj;  naHiil  HpiiicH ;  pi'«Mip(>i'<^li'  with  aHliort  and  vny  slun  |, 
hitid  B|iim';  lateral  line  witli  abont  11  Hpiny  tnlierclcH,  and  nnmt  ol  tlu' 
Hpucinn>nH  havo  n  Hiny^lc  HerioH  of  Hpiny  Hualcs  along  the  dorHal  iiiisc; 
])e*'t<H  jiIh  m>ai'ly  as  lou);  aH  thr  head,  and  extending;  to  ahont  bt'low  tiic 
fourth  ray  of  th(«  Hoft  dorsal;  ventraln  nt<arly  nnder  the  middle  of  ilit< 
pectorals,  their  Irnjfth  varying  /greatly;  in  some  sprcinn-ns  Htartelv  '.  ;i.s 
lon^  an  the  In'ad;  in  othern  as  lon^  an  poHtorldtal  part  of  hi'ad.  In  souui 
nnih'H  tin*  anal  ])apillaiH  \  asliui^  astho  ventral  tin  of  thr  sann^  imli\  iilnal. 
This  papilla  can  )><>  received  into  a  ])it  in  front  of  the  anal  tin.  Spjiiiiiis 
«lorsal  1>('ginnin<;  over  axil  of  jjectoral,  l*'n);th  of  its  haae  a  little  j^rratcr 
than  postorhital  parti  of  head;  none  of  its  spiucH  much  lou^^er  thiin  t've; 
ilistam-e  of  anal  orij^in  from  head  aliont  jj  len}j;th  «>f  liead.  Ways  of  suft 
dorsal  and  anal  not  much  lonjrcr  than  dorsal  s))int>H.  Caudal  alxiiit  \ 
aH  \a\\^  as  head,  itn  middle  rays  Honiewhat  the  longOHt.  Color  in  Kjtiiiis 
pale  yellowish  brown;  the  Hides  showinj;  traces  of  Heveral  small,  pair 
blotchcH,  and  tin  caudal  and  pectoral  with  a  few  very  small  tlark  Idotclics, 
tboHe  on  th«>  cautlnl  forming  interrupted  bauds;  across  the  back  are  faint 
iudicatiouH  of  alumt  5  pale  cross  Imuds.  Length  '1  iiu-hes.  ISanlay 
Sound,  liritish  Columbia.  (The  species  is  dedicated  to  Dr.  Thcodon'  (till, 
in  appreciation  of  biH  researches  upon  tlu)  niail-chceked  tishes.) 

Synehirus  ijilli,  Ukan,  Tror.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.,  xn,  1889,  04:;,  Barclay  Sound,  British  Co- 
lumbia.     (Type,  No.  41820.    L'oXl.  Albatrugs.) 

755.  ASCELICHTHVS,  .Jordan  iSr  (Jilbert. 
Ancdichlhi/n,  JonnAN  &  (iu.iiKKT,  Proc. U.S.  Nat. Mas.  1880, 204  (Wi«(/()r««). 

Body  plump,  fusiform,  tapering  backward,  covered  with  loose  smoolh 
skin ;  head  broad,  depros8«'d,  its  upper  surface  evenly  and  weakly  convex ; 
a  hooked  preopercnlar  spine;  no  nasal  spines;  a  supraorbital  cirrus;  ttctli 
on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  i)alatineH;  no  slit  Ijchind  fourth  gill;  gill  menibraiii'>s 
broa<lly  united,  free  from  the  isthniuH;  sinuous  dorsal  low;  the  spines 


if  > 


Jordan  and  JCvcunann. — Fishes  of  North  .Inuriai.     -OlT) 


Hlitiulor,  almost  «'oiiconl«Ml  In  Mio  iiH'inltriiiio;  |M'r(oriiU  ImoimI;  xotitrnl  flim 
wiiiitiiiK-     •'^iitall  llMlittHiil'  llio  rock  pouln  uf  thu  Nuith  I'uciUu.     (('(-,  |irivu 
tiva;  tSHtXoi,  log;  ix'i^if  iIhIi.) 

Willi.  ANCKUniTIIVM  ItllOIIORrN,  .rnnlim  dr.  (Mlliert. 

IliuuKi;  (It-ptli  r>.  II.  IX,  1*.);  A.  I'l;  I'.  It't.  Iloud  lo\v,rnun(l«'«t  iiiih*riiii-ly ; 
maxillary  n'urhiiij;  to  posturior  ItoriUfrof  iiyr.  No  hciiIch,  prickloM,  or  Imr- 
IicIh  unywhcn',  uxcopt  ii  tViii){i!il  lirriis  ov*<r  tlio  uyo;  pruopoit-lu  with  ii 
Hhoi't,  Hiiiiplt),  Hti'ougly  hooktxl  NpiiiM;  HpiiiuH  (Unu-tutl  tliiwiiwtinl  and  for- 
wiinl  on  Hiiltopfndit  ainl  iiilt!i-u|MM'rlt';  lateral  lin<' continiioiiH.  UoiHal  liim 
iiiiint'cted  Ity  iiutniliruiK^,  tlir  NpinoH  low,  wraU,  nearly  iinil'itrni;  Holt  <lor- 
Hiil  iM'urly  twictf  UH  lii^li  an  HpiiioiiH;  ptuttoralH  ahoiit  i'(Mirliiii^  \nit.  Dark 
iilivai'uoiiit,  HoiuftliiiUM  with  Hadtllo-liko  palo  hlutclitm;  lipH  nmy ;  HpinoiiH 
iloi'Hal  diiNky,  cd^oil  in  littt  with  brij^ht  criniHon ;  oth<r  lioH  iliiHky,  cdgod 
with  palor,  thr  |)u<-toral  Hli^htly  harrutl,  l^on^th  ir>  imhoH.  I'atitUsCoaHt, 
Sitka  to  Capr  Mundociiio;  vrry  abniidant  anions  rucks  iMstwurii  tidr  niarkH 
at  Nuuh  Hay,  thu  only  locality  whuif  nunibuiH  of  Mpi-cinienH  havo  bnii 
I'oiiiid,  ttnu  of  tli«'  utOHt  rciuarkablo  of  tlu-  ColtUliv,  {/J66ui',  rouu;  i)(jui, 
margin.) 

.[.sfflifhlhui  rhodorun,  JniiDAN  ^  (iii.riKitT,  I'roc.  l*.  S,  Nut.  Miih.  1880. 2tlt,  Waadda  Island, 
Neah  Bay,  near  Cape  Flattery  (Cull.  Jurdiiii  Ac.  Uilburt);  JoltUAN  A^  8TAUKU,  rruc. 
Cul.  Ac.  Svi.l8U0, 811,1)1.84. 


British  Co 


756.  PSYCHROLUTES,  Giiuthor. 

(Sl'lNKI.KSH  SCULl'lNS.) 

I'.^iifhrolutes,  (fl^NTilEB,  Cat.,  iii.Sltt,  18(11  (]><iradoxui). 

iiody  tadpole-shupud,  ta])orin^  from  the  hoail  to  thu  very  Hloiuler  tail, 
covurud  with  very  looHe,  naked,  movable  skin.  Head  large,  doitrcHHed, 
Il;itti8h  above;  Huout  obtiiNc,  ronnded;  interocular  Hpaut*  vt-ry  broad,  the 
oiiilar  ridges  obsolete;  mouth  very  large;  mandibh-  short,  little  cavern 
oils,  its  forms  broadly  U-shaped;  maxillary  entirely  uduatt^  to  the  skin  of 
tilt)  preorbital;  Jaws  with  bands  of  villiform  teeth;  no  teeth  (m  vomer  or 
piilatines;  no  8])ines  or  cirri  about  the  head;  suborbital  stay  narrow, 
(iill  membranes  united  to  the  isthmus;  <;ills  3^,  no  slit  behind  the  fourth. 
Ilrauchiostegals  7.  Fins  connected;  spinous  dorsal  of  short,  slender, 
lloxible  spines  entirely  embedded  in  the  skin  and  not  visible  without  dis- 
Hcction  as  the  spines  do  not  ri.se  above  level  of  the  mu.scles;  soft  dorsal 
ishort,  high,  the  rays  close  together,  the  total  number  12  to  21;  anul  low, 
of  y  rays;  caudal  separate;  pectoral  tins  long,  with  a  Itroad,  prot-urreut 
liase.  Voutrals  I,  3,  close  together,  distinct,  the  inner  edge  adnutu  to 
the  body.  Small  lishes,  very  closely  allied  to  CoIIhucuIiih  and  MalaeocoUna 
oil  the  one  hand  and  to  the  JA}tarUlidn'  on  the  other,  their  eharacters, 
like  those  of  the  latter  family,  arising  from  degeneration  of  the  Coltidai. 
Thu  extension  of  the  lax  skin  over  the  spinous  dorsal  an«l  the  bones  of 
tliu  head  atl'ord  the  only  tangible  diagnostic  character  of  the  subfamily 
3030 50 


2026         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


\  \ 


^  1 1 


I'nnohrohiiinn:  From  tlie  lAparidUUVf  tlieir  Hcparate  ventrals  (listinjiiii.sli 
tluMii  HiiiHciently.  .Small  shore  lislieo  of  the  North  racific;  only  a  sin- lc 
Bpecies  known.     {tlwxiJoXovriiz,  one  who  bathos  in  cold  water.) 

aaOft.  I'SYt'llKOIil  TKS  IMUAIJOXUS,  Giintluf. 

Head  3ii ;  dt'pth  4i,  ('()ual  to  head  without  snout.  D.  IX,  li.  to  17,  o.ly 
12  rays  seen  without  disscirtiou;  A.  12  or  lo;  V.  I,  3;  brant  hio8tcj;;i Is  ;. 
Head  larfj;e,  very  broad,  faitorinj;  Ruddt'uly  to  caudal  pt'duiiclo.  Eye  I ,  m 
head,  a  littb'  shorter  than  snout,  a  little  h'ss  than  width  of  intt'roi  l>it;il 
spaci'.  Maxillary  I'xtcndinfi;  to  below  middlr  of  eye.  lutcrocular  s|i:n() 
Hat, not  concave;  jaws  equal,  the  lower  --  ^-shaped,  its  arch  not  narrowed 
behind.  Pectoral  reach i  11  v;  to  slightly  above  orit^in  of  anal,  2ii  in  IkkIn  ; 
ventrals  very  small,  A  lenj;th  head.  Vent  about  midway  between  venuai 
and  anal  origin,  the  second  dorsal  beginning  nearly  over  tip  of  iiect(>r;il: 
(irst  dorsal  entirely  buried  in  the  t.;:in,  its  short,  stitbsh  s|>ines  to  be  roiind 
only  by  dissection.  Color  light  chocolate  l)rowii  above,  with  minut<'  >•;  nis 
of  dark;  whitish  below;  a  pale  stripe  from  eye  downwi;rd  and  forw.nil, 
between  2  daik  ones;  body  with  3  very  irregular  dark  <ross  Imnds. 
the  Uiird  exti'uding  on  dorsal  and  anal,  tlu^  first  2  largely  coullucnt  md 
all  AMsry  irregular  in  form;  an  oblique  dark  band  on  base  of  caudnl.  ;i 
narr' w  dark  band  behind  it;  pectoral  with  2  or  3  cross  bands;  all  li!i>, 
except  the  ventral,  with  traces  of  bands.  Length  2^  inches.  A  sjieci- 
men,  50  mm  long,  takeu  by  the  AUmiross  off  St.  Paul  Island,  Hering  S<  m, 
hi  1896,  shows  the  following  characters:  Head  2;*;  depth  3.  D.  IX,  15;  A, 
13;  P.  19;  eye  4  in  head;  width  of  mouth,  from  angle  to  angle,  li ;  snout 
3it;  intororbital  3,!.  Body  ;  hort,  broad,  thick,  tadpole  shape,  the  textiiic 
soft  like  thill  of  a  Liparid,  especially  about  the  head;  the  skin  is  liiiip 
and  smooth,  covered  with  little  soft  dermal  warts,  that  of  head  espec  i.illy 
lax,  the  cheeks  tunud  and  translucent.  Ni  trace  of  spines  on  head,  ilir 
bones  all  thin  and  weak;  nostrils  each  in  a  short  tube;  mouth  biM.id, 
its  cleft  chielly  anterior,  the  jaws  equal;  t»'eth  very  minute,  none  on  voiiiir 
or  palatines;  lower  jaw  with  8  large  ojieu  pores.  Gill  menibranos 
broadly  united  to  the  isthmus,  the  gill  opening  extending  to  sliglilly 
below  base  of  lu'ctoral.  Lateral  line  obsolete.  Dorsals  united,  willi  a 
slight  notch  between,  the  first  buried  in  a  ridge  of  skin  so  that  its  drli- 
cate.  spines  can  not  be  counted  from  without;  second  dorsal  low,  siniilav 
to  anal,  both  of  thcDi  free  from  the  caudal;  lower  pectoral  rays  ind- 
gressivoly  shortened,  the  buigest  li^  in  head;  Aentrals  moderate,  1,  :>, 
reaching  vent,  2^  in  head;  laudal  rounded.  Color  creamy  white,  wiili 
blackish  cross  bands,  irregular  in  form  and  broken  by  whitish  pattlK  s; 
5  bbick  spots  on  bwer  jaw;  top  of  head  blai-kish;  a  narrow  bbttcli  at 
shoulder;  a  wider  one  across  iirst  dorsal;  a  b'oad  one  on  second  di>i>,il 
abruptly  broadened  on  body,  then  narrowed,  extending  across  anal;  an 
irregular  bar  at  base  of  caudal;  a  narrow  bar  and  some  spots  and  strciik^ 
on  the  fin;  pectoral  with  2  curved  bars,  the  inner  concave,  the  oiilir 
convex  backward,  the  two  inclosing  a  rounded  pinkish  or  de<'p  oraimf 
area.  Alaslr-i  to  Puget  Sound,  rather  common  in  water  of  moderate  depth ; 
a  remarkable  little  lish,  evidently  a  degraded  Cottoid.    Here  describ'  d 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Amaica,     2027 


i  1(1111  spocimons  from  Unalaska.  ThisHpccles  is  taken  abiiiulaiitly  in  shiil- 
iiiw  water  about  Kadiak  Hoiitli  of  the  Ala.skaii  I'euinsula,  thence  weatwaril 
iliruitgh  llniinuk  I'asH,  alonjr  tlie  nortliurn  uhure  of  IJualaska  Ishiml  to  thn 
Kuril  lulandH,  and  the  rribiluf  Islauds  and  in  Miistoi  Kay.  Tiie  (U-pths 
iMUue  I'runj  158  to  121  iatlmuis.     (^nafidfioc.i)^,  UMaecouutalde. ) 

iKiivliivliiteiipafadoxtui,*  (U''NTni;ii,  Cat.,  ui,  "ilG,  IKtil,  Gulf  of  Georgia,  Vancouver  Island 

(Coll.  II.  M.S.  i'^<mK'').-  •loui).\N  \-.  (iU.liKliT  S.viiopHJH,  087,  1883. 
I'xjichridutes  zfhra,  IJiiAiN,  Vrw.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  181)0,  43,  Aleutian  Islands,  between  Unga 

and  Nagai  Islands,  at  Albatross  Statio.:  2848,55'  lo'  N.,  160  '  18'  W.,  in  no  fathoms; 

.louuAN  &  Stakks,  rroc.  C'al,  Ac.  !Sci.  189&,  811,  pi. 80;  GiLUEur,  llept.  U. S. Fish Coium. 

1893  (1890), 4 10. 


757.  GILBERTINA,  Jordan  Sc  Starks. 


(lilbertina,  Jordan  \-  Si'AKK.s,  I'hh'.  Cat.  Ac.  .Sci.  18!).">,  810  (tiijoliitex). 

This  jneuuH  ditler.s  fmni  rxyehrolutrg  <]\'u'i\y  iii  tho  louj?  eontiniiou.s  dorsal 
iiiid  anal,  the  tbruier  havinjr  24  lays,  the  latter  II.  Anterior  rays  ol"  8[)i- 
II. Ills  dorsal  not  hound  down  by  .^^kin  t»f  the  body,  the  lir.st  apparent  ray 
l)eing  nearly  above  j^ill  ojieninj?.  ykull  extremely  Hott  and  eavernouH,  tho 
ionjf  obli(|ue  lower  .jaw  e.s|)eeially  so.  (Named  for  l)i'.  Charhss  Henry  Gil- 
litrt,  "who  has  C(mtributed  more  than  anyone  else  to  our  knowledge  of 
t!ie  lishcs  of  the  N()rth  Paeilic") 


'I'lio  for.owiiig  is  the  original  description  of  J'giirli ntlutes  paradoxut,  Oiintlior: 
'■  Brauchioategal.s  7;  1). !) :  A.9;C.12;  V.  2.  Ilcail  lan;c,  mil  (|uitc  su  higli  a.s  hroad.  its 
li'iiiitli  lieiiifj  f  of  tlio  total.  The  Hnoiit  is  obtuse,  alt  lioiiuli  cniisiilcrablv  longer  I  liaii  t  ho  eye, 
ii:unilf(l,  with  the  iipiicr  protilo  steeper  than  the  lower.  Tliocleft  of  tho  iiioutli  isohli(|iie. 
Ill  iiioderate  width  with  the  .jaws  t'ljual  anteriorly;  a  narrow  band  of  niiiiiite  teeth  in  tho 
j.nvs;  the  palate  appears  to  bo  suioolh.  Tho  maxillary,  which  is  widened  at  its  i)()sterior 
(•\lreinity,  extends  to  below  th(!  middle  of  tla^  eye.  The  nostril  is  situated  very  near  to 
the  extremity  ot  the  snout,  and  provided  with  a  very  short  tentacle.  'IMie  I'yo  is  imnie- 
li'iitely  below  the  iippei  prolile;  its  diameter  is  about  1  of  the  length  of  tho  head,  }  of  that 
111  the  snout,  and  neurly  Aof  tho  width  of  tho  interorbilal  si>ace.  The  inlra(irl)ital  emits 
;i  slender  process  across  the  cheek,  which,  however,  does  not  reach  to  the"  preoperciilar 
margin.  None  of  the  opercles  aro  armed ;  the  o))erculiim  alone  is  |)rodiiced  into  a  llexible 
,-liort  |)osterior  jirocess;  tho  gill  opening  commences  above  that  jirocess,  and  is  not  contin- 
11. HIS  witli  that  of  the  other  side,  the  gill  menihranes  being  attached  to  the  isthmus.  The 
lirancliiostegals  aro  exceedingly  slender,  7  in  number.  Tho  luMly  is  subcyliiidrical  ante- 
riorly and  compressed  posteriorly;  its  greatest  tleptli.  behind  the  head,  is  ^  of  tlie  total 
lingth;  the  skin  is  perfectly  smooth  aii<l  rather  loose.  The  pectoral  is  |>ointed.  the  upper 
iiiys  being  the  longest  and  extending  ne;irly  to  the  dorsal;  tlio  veiitrals  rather  short,  chi.se 
(iiuethcr,  situated  below  the  niidtUc  of  the  bas<(  of  the  jiectoral,  and  cumposed  of  2  rays, 
I  lie  inner  of  whil'h  ia  bitid.  Dorsal  and  anal  tins  opposite  each  other,  situated  far  back- 
ward on  the  tail,  terminating  at  some  distanct?  from  the  caudal,  and  nearly  entirely  en- 
Mloi)ed  in  skin,  ('aiiilal  slightly  rounded,  of  iiioderati'  length.  The  vent  is  situated 
;iliout  midway  between  the  root  of  the  V(>ntral  and  the  origin  of  the  an;il.  The  upper 
|i:irts  are  brownish  gray,  minutely  dotted  with  black,  and  witii  2  very  largo  deep  brown 
lihitchea  of  irregular  slice.    The  caudal  aud  pectoral  tins  are  dotted  and  sjtot  ted  with  black. 

Lines. 

Total  length 21 

Length  ot  head 0 

Hcighthof  the  body 4 

■'  This  fish  resembles  in  its  general  habit  somewliat  the  genius  Li2>nfis.  (iiilf  of 
•  li'orgia  ( Vancou\  ev  Island),  voyage  of  II.  M.  S.  I'lu mpcr.'" 

Dr.'Iioulenger  says,  October  24,  "1895:  "  I  have  examined  tho  type  of  Psyrhrnliiteii para- 
d'lXiiH.  1  (!ount  12  soft  rays,  tho  anterior  embedded  in  the  thick  skin,  so  that  Dr.  (iiintlier's 
slatement  is  to  be  a(5coiiiited  for.  Hut  there  are  no  spines."  Liiter  Ur.  15oiilengcr  writes 
Mslhat  hehascomp  ed  Dr.  < iiintlier's  tyjie  with  the  ligiire  of  I'gyehroliitrnzi>.hfa^Y\i\\\\s\wA 
l)y  .Tordan  iV  Starks,  and  tiiids  that  it  agrees  fully  witli  the  latter.  There  ia,  therefore, 
little  doubt  that  the  .species  zvbra  is  identical  with  puraduxtis. 


2028  Bullctbi  /7,  United  States  National  Afusenni, 


'2»»<l.  (JI.KKItTI.XA  SKiOl.rTKS,  Joriliiii  \  Slark.s. 
lljuul  3;   depth   t.     1).   VIII,    IH;   A.   II;   ryt-    U  in  lioiul;    iiitcroil)it;i| 
2i;  maxillary  21]  vcnlralH  2;  poctorals  1;  (^jiiHlal  2^^;   Ituso  of  didsiil   i 
in  l«'ii<|;th  of  body ;  buwi)  of  uiiul  ',).     Hody  riithcr  Blonder,  rolxist  imi,!,. 
oily,  coiiipressed  poHtenoily,  the  greatest  breadth  and  depth  at.  !shoiil(|«  r,, 
lload  !iiiji;e,  the  iiapo  slightly  pro<lneed;  mouth  largo  and  broadly  roiiiid.  i|, 
obli(|iie,  the  jaws  about  oi|ual,  luaxillary  extending  to  posterior  maiLMi, 
of  oyo,  its  ond  bnrit^d  under  the  8kin  of  the  ehoek ;  eyes  ]>lace(l  high,  ilic 
interorbital  npaco  very  wicb;  aiidHJightly  eoiivex,  its  width  about  1.1  lin  !■, 
thai  of  theoye;  tho  posterior  ond  of  mandible  very  itroniinent,  iiianililK 
n-8hjtped,  itH  rami   approaehing  each  other  jtosteriorly ;   bonos  of  in  ,,1 
cavernous,  largely  nuidt^  up  of  eartilage,  the  mandible  especially  so;  an 
terior  end  of  preorbital  foiniing  a  blunt  spine  over  mouth;  procews  of 
premaxillary  prominent;  a  couple  ol"  blunt  projections  behind  each  (    ,  ; 
upper  part  of  shoulder  girdle  projecting,  forndng  a  blunt  spine  on  najic 
al>ov(*  gill  slit,  a  row  of  iaige  pores  around  suborbital  ring,  and  alini;; 
under  part  of  inandil>le  no  opercular  spines.     Head  and  body  covi  ii<| 
with  a  very  loose,  naked,  movalde  skin.     Dorsal  liu  continuous,  no  notrh 
between  spines  aud  soft  rays,  the  sjiines  very  slender,  the  lirst  one  insei'd 
ovei  end  of  opercular  tlap;  <lorsal  spines  covered   by  skin,  but  even  tin 
lirst  visible  without  dissettion  as  they  rise  above  the  general  iuteguiiH  nt 
of  body,  the  last  reaching  to  base  of  caudal  fin;  anal  lower  than  doi>  il, 
its  origin  midway  between  base  of  caudal   lin  and  posterior  margin  (]| 
eye,  ending  at  al)oiit  the  same  vertical  that  dorsal  does,  but  not  reaching 
so  far;  ]tectoials  long  and  slender,  reaciiing  jtast  front  of  anal  and  nvti 
halfway  between   their   bases   and    base   of  caudal    tin,  adiiate    to   tlic 
body  for  the  anterior  third  or  fourth  of  their  length;  ventrals  long,  imi 
quite  reaching  to  vent,  aduate  to   the   body  for  ^  their  length;   caudal 
tin   rounded.     Color,  light  olivaceous;  body  and  head  with  innuuieiahli 
«lai'k  jioints,  giving  the  fish  a  dusky  apjtearance;  large  dark  blotch  across 
body  at  the  ])osterior  ends  of  dorsal  and  anal,  a  similar  s])ot  under  pec- 
toral; head  nuiforni  dusky,  lighter  below;  belly  white;  middle  of  pectoral 
dark  ;  dorsals  dark  ;  lowei  (ins  white,     rugel  Sound;  knownfroni  a  sin^il^• 
small  specimen  li  inches  in  iougth.     (d/^//,  (juiet;  AotT?/?,  bather.) 

(iilbirlimi  sUjolutes*  Johdan  it  Stakks,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  811,  pi. 80,  Point  Orchard, 
near  Seattle.    (Tyiui,  Xo.  ;H2l>,  L.  S.  Jr.  Uuiv.  Mu.4.    Coll.  Kihvin  C.  Starks.) 

!NoTE. —  Uciuolely  allied  to  tlic  Cuttidic  is  the  Old  World  luniily  I'latiiccphiiliihr.  {•liiii:ic 
toriziul  by  the  jjruatly  deprosned  head  aud  body.  Its  priucipal  ^uuuii  is  cliaracturizoil  j« 
Ibllows : 

PLATYCEPHALUS,  IJlodi  .V  Schucidor. 

I'lnti/cephalio,  Bl.oeu  A:  S(llNEn)KK,  Syst.  Ichtli.,  58,  1801  {Kcabc  >■) . 

lload  broad,  very  depressed,  more  or  less  uriiied  witli  spiiit^s;  body  deprossed  anteriorly, 
subeylindrieal  posteriorly,  covered  with  ctenoid  scales.  Lateral  line  i>reMeiit.  Two  dui. 
sal  lins,  the  llrsl  spine  isolated  I'roiii  the  others.  X'eiitrals  thoracic,  but  rather  renidii- 
from  the  root  of  the  jiectorals;  no  pectoral  appendages.  Jaws,  vomer,  and  ]ialatiue  boin  n 
with  bands  of  villit'orm  teeth.  Air  bladtli'r  none;  i»yloric,  a|)])enda;r,.H  in  moderate  num 
bers.  Polynesia  and  the  Australian  seas,  through  all  the  Indian  seas  to  the  eastern  cd.i^l 
of  .Vfrica.  ((liintlier.)  Two  sjjecies  of  this  nenus  have  been  <lescribed  from  Aineri(:iii 
waters,  in  both  ca.ses  ap))areutly  by  error,  as  no  American  ichthyologist  bus  found  aii\ 
Bpeciniens  of  either.     (.nXaTvi,  broad;  Ke(l>a\rj,  head.) 


'ilispriuted  viyalutei  in  the  origual  description. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2029 


iiitoi'or))ii;il 
if  dorsal   1? 
lUst   iiulcri- 
\>  (slioiilili  r>. 
ly  nmiuii  il, 
riot  niaiLMii 
Dtl  hi^'li,  lilt' 
imt  1.1  tiiiif, 
it,  niaiiililili' 
lies  of  lit  .,il 
iuUy  so;  ihi 
j  pi'oeus.s  ol 
1(1  each  o,\  i  ; 
>im3  on  ii;i]it! 
;•,  anil  aitnii; 
<nly  COM  111! 
ms,  no  Mtiliji 
,  t)nc  inHi'r'"il 
but  even  I  in 
1  iutegnnit  lit 
than  doi>  il. 
or  niiiru,in  tif 
not  reathiiiu 
nal  and  ovti 
^nate   to  tlif 
ils  lonj;,  iml 
H'th;  cauil;il 
innnuieial)li' 
dolrh  a(  Ttiss 
t  under  pec 
eofpootoial 
from  a  sinulf 
athcr.) 

Point  Orchard, 
irkrt.) 

ihdliihr.  cliiinii-- 
haniclcii/.i'tl  as 


psBod  aiitfriorlv 
Hfiit.  Twodiii- 
it  ratluT  rfiiiiiif 
(I  (lalatiue  litnu  n 
II  iiioileratc  mini 
ho  eastern  ••i>ii>t 
I  from  Aiiierii  :in 
t  buH  fuuiul  aii> 


T!io  following  are  Hie  spocies  in  i|UCHtion : 
liiiliici-phalusaiiUncttiuiH,  SaI'VAOK,  Noiiv.  Arflilv.  Mas.,  148,  pi.  14,  fl(j.3,  187S,  Potomac 
River. 

'I'IiIh  specimen, of  course, never  came  from  tlie  Potomac  Itivor.  'I'lie  following  is  llio 
siilistaiice  of  Saiiva}:e's  ilescripiion  :  Head  nearly  l!.J :  widtli  of  liead  nearly  '1  in  its  leiiKlli. 
>'()  HpiiicH  at  end  id' snout ;  a  stroiij;  spine  before  eye;  liin  ol  orliil  armed  w  itii  spines 
ilirccleil  liadiward,  those  in  front  Hiiiallor;  ridycs  of  vcrle\  Hllnlitly  prominent,  witli  few 
. pines;  clieek  witli  4  or  .">  strong  siiines;  edge  (d  operde  soft ;  jircoperclo  witli  'J  spines, 
tilt'  iip]ier  a  little  the  longer,  a  lion  t  half  npace  lietween  it  and  eye;  maxilliiry  reach  I  n^  niiil- 
.ili'of  eye;  snout  2  in  eye  ;  lateral  line  spiny  throughout  its  \n  hole  length  :  seciuid  dorsal 
|iine  shorter  than  third,  as  long  mh  maxillary.  VoiitraLs  inserted  fai'  from  anal ;  pectoral 
::  little  sliorter  than  snout  and  ey<>.  Itoily  reddish,  ileo])  red  at  caudal  peilnnclo;  second 
iliirsal  and  iinal  vvitli  '1  oltlii|ue  liandn  ol'  yellowisli ;  ]>ectoral  u  itii  Hiinilar  hand. 
I'Uitin-i-i'haliiH  iDKjiistii.i,  STElNliArnNKH,  Sitzghcr,  Akad.  Wiss,  Wicii  1800,  2i:i,  taf.  1,  lig.  I. 
Surinam. 
I'liis  Hpecimeii  may  not  liavi>  come  from  Surinam.  The  following  is  the  siihstanco  ot 
Slciiiihu'lincr's  dest  rijition :  Head  :tA;  breadth  of  hcjid  I!,  in  its  length.  I».  I  \'III,i;i; 
A.l.'t;  scales  108.  I'lyo  7.  somewhat  greater  than  breadth  <d'  forehead.  Caudal  with  3 
il.i'p,  blackish-brown,  lengthwiao  stript.'s;  body  with  small  spots  ami  some  larger  light- 
hiown  s])ots;  3  brown  cross  liaiids  on  posterior  half  of  body.  Numerous  litth^  raised 
I  iilges  on  ]ireorbitcil  rim,  and  u  short  spine;  no  tentach^s;  'J  spines  on  |irt'0])crcle,  the 
liiwer  3  eye.     (Jreatcst  height  of  tirst  dornal  i  of  second  or  {\,  of  head.    Caudal  rounded. 

Family  CLXXX.   KlIAMrilOCOTTIDvi:. 

llody  short,  olovatod.  lli-ad  very  lar}!;o,  its  <;roatest  di'ptli  "loati'r  th.-in 
tiiat  of  tho  body;  skull  with  2  Htroii;;  bony  ridj^cs  from  above  the  fnmt  of 
Die  eye,  continuous  with  2  larjije  occipital  lidoes,  jcavinj.'  tlio  intciorliital 
s|>ac(^  and  niiddlo  line  of  the  top  of  the  head  Htrono;ly  cmicave;  snout 
slender,  narrow,  and  abruptly  protrudiu};;  month  very  narrow,  fl-sliaped, 
its^ape  longer  than  wide;  teeth  villilbrin,  none  on  the  vomer  or  pala- 
tines; g,ill  openinj;'  contined  to  the  region  above  tlie  bane  of  the  pectorals, 
the  nienibranes  bidow  completely  united  to  the  shotilder  girdle  and  isth- 
iuiih;  apparently  no  slit  behind  last  gill;  a  t,  st'      ..ht,  preopercular 

s])iiie;  nasal  spines  jiresent;  no  other  spiin  ^ail.     Skin  everywhere 

•111  head  and  body  (inn,  immovablo,  densely  covered  with  stilf,  bifid  or 
trilid  spinous  prickles;  spinous  dorsal  very  small;  pect'/.al  with  pro- 
current  base.  North  Pacific;  !i  single  species  known;  it  small  shore  '  jh. 
flie  following  .'iccoiint  of  the  skeleton  of  Jthamplincotliis  is  given  by  Mr. 
Stalks:  The  jiosterior  end  of  the  proiiiinent  ridge,  which  runs  backw.-ird 
iVoiii  the  superior  orbital  rim  n  each  siile,  is  formed  by  the  e]>iotic  pro- 
ci'ss.  It  ends  in  tlie  form  of  a  long  "occipital  spine;''  almost  directly 
iiiiiler  it  is  the  slmrt  parotic  ])rocess.  The  i>ost-teniporal  isshort,  wide,  and 
llat;  its  upper  ei  1  is  attached  to  the  inner  side  of  tlie  epiotic  spine,  and 
for  the  whole  leiij:tli  of  its  anterior  edge,  to  the  skull  between  the  epiotic 
and  parotic  process  s.  From  its  lower  inner  surface  it  sends  a  wide,  thin 
liiine,  which  is  lirnny  fastened  to  the  base  of  the  skull.  It  betirs  a  baek- 
w,ird  pro,j(!cting  s))iue  on  its  lower  end,  inside  of  which  the  snpraclaviclo 
is  attached.  Actinosts  l.-irgc,  wide  and  thin,  without  an  opetiing  between 
lliem.  Subopercle  absent;  iireopeicle  large,  sending  a  spine  backward; 
i>liercle  tritingular  on  its  lower  inner  angle;  the  iutero])ercle  is  developed 
and  strongly  coossitied  with  it;  it  sends  a  slender  process  forward  under 
tiie  preo])er<le;  a  projecticm  downward  from  the  i>osterior  end  of  the 
.irticular;  suborbital  wide,  thin,  and  concavo-convex,  its  convex  surface 
outward.     Skull  without  basal  chamber;  vertebra'  10  +  H- 


m' 


III 


1 


hi     I 


■/< 


iO.'JO         Bulletin  ./7,  Unilcd  States  National  Museum. 


758.  RHAMPHOCOTTUS,  (Jiinther. 

h'hampluieolhit  ( liiiiilici-,  Ann.  Mn^'.  Nut.  IliHt..  xiv,  1874,  :i70  (richardiioni). 
Cliiiriicters  of  tlio  jj»>1"in  incliided  abovo.     (/j«/<0o5,  Hiiuiit;  Cottva.) 

'J»07.  KII.VMIMKXOTTI  S  l(I<  II.VKDSOM,  (iiintlier. 

Head  2;  (lt'i>tli  2.  D.  VII,  13;  A.  H;  I'.  II;  orbit  G  in  head;  maxillaiv 
t ;  snout.  ,1;  lii<>licst  doiHiil  s]tino  (4  ;  dorsal  ray  I ;  anal  ray  1;  pectoral  2', ; 
v«>ntral  2;  t-aiidal  'A;  sertcbrir  10-f  IJ;  24.  Hody  shoit.  comprcHspd,  tin- 
l)a(k  «d<nat<'»l,  its  }»ic{it('st  depth  Just  in  front  of  spinous  dorsal.  Ilciid 
hnjje,  as  Ion;;  as  rest  of  body;  snout  lonjj  cand  narrow;  mouth  U-shajicd. 
its  j;ape  lonjicr  tlian  w  ido;  lips  thick,  their  surface  broken  uj)  intopapili,i  : 
maxillary  reachiujj  the  nasal  s])ine;  lower  jaw  included;  tcoth  in  vilii- 
forni  bands  on  Jaws  and  vomer,  none  on  ])alatinos;  eye  placed  hi^h.  its 
diameter  contained  twi(;e  in  the  snout,  1\  in  the  intororbital;  a  branciied 
dornuil  llap,  as  lonj^  as  pupil,  at  tip  of  snout;  head  with  2  large  bony 
ridges  above,  continuous  with  the  orbital  rim  and  ending  in  strong  blunt 
H)iine8  at  occii>ut ;  head  deeply  conclave  between  these  ridges;  nasal  spine 
sliar])  and  rc<"urved;  a  pair  of  strong  s]»inc8  over  the  eyes;  a  sharj)  spine 
just  above  operde,  a  blunt  one  on  operde  below  llap,  and  a  long  sharp  one 
at  angle  of  preoperde,  a  low  bony  ri<lge  leading  to  each  of  these  sjjines;  a 
long  sharp  spine  on  clavicle  just  behiinl  gill  o])ening;  a  blunt  bony  knob 
at  posterior  end  of  mandibles;  gill  oi»enings  extending  upward  from 
npjter  pectoral  ray,  their  length  tM|ual  t(»  snout.  Kntiro  head  and  body 
covered  with  nniltipointed  spines,  those  on  head  nnich  smaller  than  the 
ones  on  sides,  a  few  simple  s])iues  along  ce|dialic  ridges;  the  first  dorsal 
siune  eov(;re<l  with  s])ines,  and  each  dorsal  ray  with  a  row  on  its  side;  ,1 
few  spines  on  the  base  of  the  pectoral  and  anal  rays.  Dorsal  spines  very 
weak,  tittiug  in  a  groove  in  back  ;  soft  dorsal  higher  than  spiutms,  the  tips 
of  the  rays  reaching  b;ise  of  cauilal  tin;  anal  short,  few-rayed,  reaching 
slightly  beyond  soft  dorsal;  pectorals  pointed,  their  lower  rays  entirely 
free,  reaching  about  to  base  of  third  anal  ray;  ventrals  reaching  to  ends 
of  pectorals,  their  origin  behind  lower  part  of  pectoral  base  a  distance 
e(iual  to  length  of  snout;  caudal  rminded  )>ehind.  Body  creamy  yellow, 
with  conspicuous  irregular  dark  stripes,  edged  with  black,  rnnniuu 
obli(|uely  across  tlie  body;  similar  stripes  radiating  from  eye  in  all 
directions,  1  to  cud  of  snout,  a  triangular  1  downward,  1  running 
backwai'd  and  downward  to  middle  of  preopercle,  then  turning  upward 
and  running  nearly  to  occipital  8])iue,  2  or  3  short  ones  above,  each  ol 
these  involving  the  membrane  of  eye;  2  or  3  black-bonlered  dark  spots 
on  edge  of  oi)eicIe;  a  light  yellow  streak  surrounded  by  black  across 
caudal  peduncle,  behind  which  all  is  blight  cherry  red  to  the  end  of  cau- 
dal tin ;  2  similar  spots  on  ba.se  of  pectoral ;  top  of  head  crossed  with  wav,\ 
bliick-edged  dark  bars;  to))  of  lower  jaw  black,  a  line  of  black  spots  run- 
ning along  under  parts  of  mandible;  lins  all  bright  red,  each  ray  of  dorsal 
with  a  sliar])  black  spot  at  its  base,  a  few  .spots  on  donsal  spines;  anal, 
pectorals,  and  ventrals  dark  at  base.     Here  described  from  a  specimen  3 


X-**^ 


t. 


Jordan  and  F.vcrniann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2031 


C'o«irfl.) 


(1;  itiaxillftiy 
l>e<t(>ial  2 '  ; 

OI'Nill.        Ilt'llll 

th  U-shajx'il. 

intopapill.c; 

Dotli  ill  villi- 

(■o<l  Iiiyli.  its 

;  a  Itraiirlu'd 

2  large  bony 

stronjif  Itliiiit 

;  nasal  spiiio 

•\  sharp  Hpino 

tiiiTHliarp  Olio 

ose  H])iiH'8;  a 

it  bony  kiioli 

upward  from 

ad  and  l)od\ 

ler  than  tlic 

c  first  dors;i ! 

n  its  side;  .i 

1  spines  very 

ions,  the  tips 

ed,  reaehiii;; 

ays  entirely 

liiijl  to  ends 

e  a  distanci' 

amy  yellow, 

•k,  rnniiiiij: 

eye   in    all 

1    rnnniiifi 

ling  npwaid 

ove,  each  ot 

d  dark  spots 

)lack  acrosH 

end  of  cait- 

1  with  wavy 

k  spots  rnn- 

•ay  of  dorsal 

pines;  anal, 

I  specimen  3 


inches  in  length,  collected  in  a  rock  pool  on  Channel  Uocks,  near  Point 
Orchard,  Tnget  Sound,  l>y  Miss  Adclla  M.  I'arker,  of  Seattle.  North 
I'aeilic,  from  Sitka  to  Monterey;  scarce,  hut  not  infre(iuont  in  I'nget 
Sound,  at  about  2  to  10  fathoms;  a  most  singular  fish.  (Named  for  John 
Richardson,  naturalist  and  explorer.) 

li'li(tm]>hncottuxriehardsoni,  (JOntheh,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  XIV,  1874,  370,  Fort  Rupert, 
Vancouver  Island,  British  America;  Mean,  Troc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu8.  1H«1,  2.V.':  .rnuoAN 
ifc  GiLBEUT,  Synopsis,  722,  1S83 ;  .roHDAN  &  Stakks,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  8i;i,  pi.  87. 

Family  CLXXXI.  AfJONID.E." 

(The  Ska.  I'oachkkh.) 

Hody  angular,  commonly  S-angled,  <ho  caudal  peduncle  0-angled,  cov- 
ered with  8  to  12  longitudinal  rows  of  imbricated,  radially  striated  plates, 
the  anterior  edge  <d'  each  plate  overlying  the  posterior  edge  of  the  iilate 
next  in  front  of  it;  plates  spinous  or  not.     Teeth  small,  oven,  in  villiform 
hands  on  .jaws,  and  in  most  species  on  vomer  and  palatines,  sometimes 
wlndly  obsolete;  gills  I^i,  no  slit  behind  the  last;  pseudobi-anchiu'  large, 
extending  <lown  the  inner  side  of  opcrcle;  gill  rakers  small;  gill  niem- 
hrancs  united,  free,  or  Joined  to  isthmus;  ventral  fins  thoracic,  narrow, 
their  rays  I,  2;  vent  usually  close  bcliind  ventrals;  spincms  tlorsal  large, 
small,  or  absent;  anal  without  spines;  caudal  rounded,  about  'S  times  as 
long  as  wide  at  base,  witli  10  to  12  long  rays;  base  of  pectorals  usually 
broad,  the   l<)wcr  rays  sometimes  produced;  all  r.ays  of  all  (ins  simple; 
liranchiostegal  rays  (i;  myodonie  (tube  of  rtcH  muscles)  with  membra- 
naceous roof ;  basisphenoid  ab.sent;  post-temporal  not  bifurcate,  continu- 
ously articulated  with  epitdic  and  ptcrotic;  pyloric  cft-ca  few,  about  4  to  7; 
vertebra'  numerous,  35  to  ,50.     Fishes  of  the  cold  seas,  living  among  rocks 
or  kelp,  most  of  them  of  small  size  and  fantastic  form,  not  valuable  as 
food.    Genera  20;  species  about  40.    The  species  are  extremely  varied,  and 
must  be  placed  in  very  many  genera,  or  else  reduced  to  a  single  one  in  each 
sub-family.     The  plates  vary  somewhat  in  number  in  all  parts  of  the  body 
in  most  if  not  all  of  the  species,  although  not  to  the  same  extent  in  all  t!ie 
genera.     Even  the  pattern  on  the  lireast,  which  is  delinite  for  the  species 
of  all  the  genc^ra  except  Ifippoccphahm,  varies  in  the  dilleient  individuals 
(d"  the  same  species,  so  that  it  is  probable  that  even  where  no  variations 
are  indicated  by  the  numbers  given  in  the  following  descriptions  they 
would  be  found  by  comparing  large  numbers  of  individuals.     The  plates 
in  the  dorsal  series  vary  from  1  to  3  in  number  in  most  species;  they  cor- 
respond closely  with  the  number  of  vertebra-,  there  being  usually  1  or  2 
fewer  of  the  former  than  of  the  latter.     It  seems  probable  that  the  vertebrie 
v.iiy  a  little  in  number  within  the  species,  au«l  the  rings  of  plates  cor- 
rcspcmd  in  number  with  them  at  least  throughout  most  of  the  length  of 
the  body.     There  is  no  definite  proof,  though  the  balance  of  evidence 
seems  to  indicate,  that  the  superior  lateral  series  of  plates  in  Aspidopho- 
roidvs,  bearing  the  lateral  lino,  corresi)ond8  with  the  median  lateral  series 

'  The  account  ot  llm  Affonido'  i»  contribiiffd  by  Mr.  Kraiik  ('raiiier,  a  grailuato  student 
ill  Lolaiid  Ktaiitbrd  Jr.  'University,  souie  additions  having  been  made  by  Jordan  & 
Kveriiiauu. 


j'f  I 


2032         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


of  platoH  of  AgoniiH,  ot<*.  In  tho  following  doscriptioDH  of  npecies,  when 
tho  tliiimoter  of  tlio  «\vt'  is  not  spccifiod,  tho  lon^itmliiml  diaiiioter  is  iitoant . 
Tlie  I'liys  of  the  (iiisariso  rcguhirly  iu  the  iiitorvnls  between  the  HncccHsivc 
pairs  of  phites  nltuinutin^  with  them,  and  tlio  membrane  behind  tho  laisi 
spine  of  tho  first  dorsal  fin  ends  at  variable  distances  from  the  base  of  tlw 
spine;  hence  in  giving  the  nnmbor  of  plates  between  the  dorsals,  tho  nuin 
ber  between  tho  last  si)ino  and  tho  first  ray  is  meant,  unless  otherwis>' 
stated.  "Length  of  body,"  as  the  standard  of  measnrement,  means  tlir 
length  from  tip  of  preniaxilhiry  to  base  of  caudal,  unless  "total  length" 
is  mentioned.  The  rostral  spines,  whether  1  or  2  pairs,  belong  to  the  nasal 
bones,  and  are  properly  "nasal  spines"  in  the  species  in  which  there  is  no 
free  terminal  plate.  The  latter,  with  its  spines,  may  be  the  freed  anterior 
])art  of  tho  nasal  bones.  The  hypural  bone  is  included  in  the  number  ol 
vertebrie,  ami  these  were  counted  in  nearly  all  cases  in  oiiiy  1  individual. 
The  young  of  several  species  have  been  described,  some  of  them  in  detail, 
and  HO  far  as  known  they  all  ditfer  from  tho  adults  in  tho  same  way.  Thi> 
spines  an<l  ridges  are  more  prominent;  tho  body  is  relatively  shorter,  its 
anterior  end  abruptly  broader,  forming  with  the  head  a  more  or  loss  defi- 
nite rhombic  figure;  the  tail  is  more  compressed;  tho  head  is  broader,  tint 
snout  more  blunt,  and  the  lower  jaw  relatively  longcir;  the  vent  lies  far- 
ther back  from  the  base  of  the  ventral  fins,  and  there  are  usually  pairs  of 
small  plates  between  them;  the  dorsal  and  ventral  series  of  plates  on  the 
tail,  which  are  single  in  the  adults  of  nearly  all  tho  Hpecies,  are  double  in 
the  young,  or  at  least  have  the  double  row  of  serrations.  Nearly  all  tlie 
species  are  found  within  the  limits  assigned  to  this  work.  The  few  not  so 
found  are  included,  for  completeness'  sake,  in  footnotes.    (F.  C.) 

a.  Spinous  dorsal  present. 

b.  Cill  niembrancH  free  from  the  istlimus. 
PKnciDiN.a<; : 
c.  15o(ly  compressed;   lower  Jaw  not  projecting;  plates  of  Iwdy  spinous;  tlrst 
dorsnl  nt  nape. 
d.  Body  elongate ;  dorsals  well  separated. 

e.  Teeth  on  vomer;  no  occipital  B))inos  or  harbel  on  snout. 

Pehcis,  7.59. 
ee.  No' teeth  on  vomer ;  snout  with  a  long  barbel;  occipital  spines  ])resent. 

A0ONOMAI.U8,  760. 
dd.  Body  short  and  high ;   dorsiils  close  togetlior ;  vomer  without  tcotli ; 
occipital  spines  present ;  lower  rays  of  pectorals  free. 

HvPSAOONf'.S,  701 

BRArnYopsiN.^ : 
ce.  riody  more  or  loss  depressed;  lower  j.iw  projecting;  plates  of  body  spinous 
or  not;  first  dorsal  behind  nape. 
/.  Chin  without  terminal  barbel. 

g.  Snout  short  (not  produced  in  form  of  a  tube) ;  plates  of  body  spinous. 
h.  Bones  of  snout  short,  not  forming  a  tubular  nose. 

t.  Vomer  and  palatines  without  teeth;  breast  simply  prickly. 

Steli.ebina,  76:;. 

if.  Vomer  and  palatines  with  some  teeth ;  breast  with  large 

plates.  OccA,  76:i. 

hh.  Bones  of  snout  produced  into  a  long  tube  which  hears  the  short 

jaws  at  the  end ;  body  rather  robust,  the  plates  with  spines. 

Bbachvop.sis,  764. 


Jordan  and  livcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2033 


y  spinous;  first 


of  body  spinous 


/•  A  lonf;  biirlirl  nt  tip  ol'rliiii;  hiioiiI  long  (prmlucod  into  form  of  n  tiilio, 
iiH  in  Si/nijnathid(f) ;  bmly  snbtoi'nte,  very  slimdur,  its  ]iliitoH  not 

spillDUH.  PALLA8INA,  705. 

AdONIN^l':: 

hh.  Kill  nll'nl))1'nn(^8  Joined  to  iHtlimiiH,  with  or  without  ii  narrow  i'reo  fold  boliind. 

j.  Tip  of  snout  without  froo  niudinn  |ilati<  or  spino;  numtli  infi<rior,  lowi-r  Jaw 

short. 

k.  ViiMicr  without  tooth. 

{.  LowiT  sidtt  of  snout  with  no  bnrlx-ls;  ono  pair  of  s)iint's  on  tip  of 

snout.  LKi'TAdO.Nis,  700. 

{{.  Lowor  sitlit  of  snout  with  ImrlH^ls. 

•  m.  (fill   nicuihriini'S  without  barbels;   a  ]mir  of  conipli'x  barbels 

under  tip  iif  snout;  I  pair  horizontal  and  1  pair  rt'Ciirvod 

spines  at  tip  of  snout.     Lower.jaw  verywoak;  tootli  foohio, 

soniutinios  wnntinji;;  plates  of  bmly  mostly  with  8]iiuos. 

PoDOTHKcrs,  707. 
mm.  Gill  mcmitranes  witb  scattered  barbels. 

71.  Plates  of  body  without  prominent  spines;  noprcoeular 

spines.  AdONUS,  708. 

nn.  Plates  of  body  largely  spinous;   a  pair  of  preocular 

spines.  Stelqis,  709. 

itit.  Vomer  and,  often,  )>alatines  with  toetli. 

o.  Dorsal  tins  rathor  long,  tho  rays  shortened  bebind,  tbo  last  ono 
attachedby  membrane  to  the  body;  no  large  life-like  spino  aliovo 
eye. 
}>.  Plates  on  body  largely  spinous ;  gill  membranes  with  eirri,   1 
or  more  on  each  brancbiostegal;  teeth  on  ]ialatines;  lower 
jaw  short  beneath  the  long  snout.*  Averruncus,  770. 

pp.  Plates  on  body  largi>ly  unarmed;  no  teeth  on  palatines;  gill 
membranes  witlunit  cirri.  Sarhitok,  771. 

00.  Dorsal  tins  rather  short,  the  rays  scarcely  siiortened  behind,  the 
last  ono  not  adnato  by  membrane  behind  ;  a  largo  knife-like  spin<' 
over  each  eye;  ])lates  on  body  largc^ly  spinous;  no  cirri  on  gill 
membranes.  Xy.stes,  772. 

jj.  Tip  of  snout  with  a  free  terminal  plate  or  spine;  teeth  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and 
palatines. 
</.  Occiput  without  distinct  pit;  2  pairs  of  occipital  s]>ino8:  dorsal  aiul  anal 
well  developed. 
r.  Lower  Jaw  strongly  projecting;  lower  pectoral  rays  not  much  pro- 
duced; terminal  rostral  plate  with  3  spines.     IUthvaoonts,  773. 
rr.  Lower  Jaw  not  projecting;  lower  rays  of  jiectorals  much  produced 
in  adults;  anal  tin  short,  of  0  or  8  rays.  Xenociiirus,  774. 

qq.  Occiput  with  a  deep  pit;  occipital  spines  none,  or  reduced  to  mere 
traces ;  dorsal  and  anal  verj-  short. 
«.  IJody  slender,  elongate;  tail  not  compressed.         Odontopyxis,  775- 
M.  liody  short  and  broad  in  front;  tail  cinnpressed  teoth. 

BOTHRAOONU.S,  776. 
.\SPIDOrHOnOIDIN/T: : 

na.  Spinous  dorsal  ab.sent;  body  not  compressed,  its  plates  not  spinous;  mouth  small, 
terminal;  gill  membranes  free  from  the  isthmus.  Asi'IDOIMIOUOiues,  777. 


^. 


759.  PERCIS.t  Scopoli. 


Ppveis,  Scopou,  Int.  Hist.  Nat.,  454,  1777  (jaj^onietit) . 

Ifippocephalus,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hist.  Fishes,  etc.,  11, 272, 1839  {mj^ereilinsus). 


*  .Taws  subequal  in  AfionopsiK,  a  South  American  genus  very  cb>sp  to  Awrruiirus). 
t  Dr.  Gill  has  called  our  attention  to  the  identity  of  I'ercis  with  Jlijipocephalus. 


n  ' 


2034         IhiUdiu  /7,  United  Shxtes  National  Museum. 

I5()(ly  inndtTiitoly  eloii^jiitr,  comprcHwd  tlin)ii|y;1iout;  hack  olovatoil  !>.•. 
Iiind  iiiipo;  2  rowH  of  Htiong,  ciirvrd  spines  iiloiij;  whole  l««ni;th  of  oiu 'i 
Hide  (spiiioH  «»f  tho  othor  HerioH  Hmiiller);  first  (hti'sai  fin  lie^innin^  hehinil 
napo;  iIoihuIs  farupart;  anal  tin  lonj?.  Vent  far  haek  from  Itaso  of  ven- 
trais.  Mead  narrow  anteriorly,  ahrnptly  hroaderholiind;  month  torniinal; 
niudian  nmtral  ])late  nono;  iiaMals  nnited  in  front  of  maxillary  pedirlis. 
Interorhital  spaeo  broad,  the  8n])niocnlar  ridjjes  very  prominent,  witli 
iargu,  tiat,  triangular  anpraocnlar  H])ino  or  Hludf;  no  o<'eipital  Hpinos. 
Teeth  on  Jaws  and  vomer,  none  on  palatines,  (ilill  memhranes  unit(>d,  fn  i' 
from  isthmns.    North  Pacilie.     (TtFfjMi'g,  a  synonym  of  rte/jHt/,  pereli. ) 

2.I»H.    I'KUdS  JAI'OMCIS    (I'alliis). 


^^^ 


i   5 


'Bi 


i 


ireadll;  Br.fi;  1).VI,7;  A.«;  P.  12;  V.3(r,2);  C.  2-1:1-2.  Body  eom 
pressed  thronghont,  the  shoulder  {jirdles  prominent;  width  of  hody  at 
i>aHO  of  pectorals  a  little  more  than  greatest  height  and  5  in  body  len<;tli. 
Immediately  beliind  pectorals  the  width  a  little  less  than  greatest  ht^igiii ; 
between  dorsals  and  on  i»ednncle  it  is  nearly  2,  and  under  8<*cond  dorsal  :i 
little  more  than  2  in  the  height  at  th«^  same  points.  Abdomen  moderatly 
swollen  in  front  of  vent.  The  back  rises  at  an  angle  of  15^  behind  oci  i- 
put,  slojies  downward  under  first  dorsal,  leaving  a  hum))  under  ifs  front 
end,  rises  in  front  of  second  dorsal  and  slopes  downward  again  under  it; 
ventral  tmtline  nearly  straight;  vent  between  k  iind  i  distance  from  veii- 
trals  to  anal.  Breast  and  area  between  ventrals  and  vent  almost  com- 
pletely occn])ied  by  nearly  flat,  radially  striated  plates,  with  slight  Is 
raised  centers  and  of  variable  size,  with  innumerable,  exctessively  miiuiii' 
plates  scattered  among  them;  vent  surrounded  by  prickles.  Plates  dl 
ventrolateral  series  small,  beginning  as  distinct  rows  of  spinous  i)latr,s 
about  opposite  vent,  with  an  imperfect  row  of  smaller  8])inoti8  plates  be- 
tween them  and  tlie  vent  on  each  side,  and  converging  toward  anal.  They 
pass  along  sides  of  anal,  remain  distinct  to  about  the  eighth  pair  of  ]tlatt  s 
behind  anal,  and  unit<'  in  a  single  median  plate  with  a  double  s])iue;  from 
this  plate  to  caudal  the  rows  are  again  distinct,  the  plates  alteriuitiiii; 
instead  of  standing  opposite  each  other;  th«^  su]>erior  and  inferior  latenil 
series  l»egin  .as  distinct  rows  of  sjdnous  plates  abont  opposite  middle  ol' 
first  dorsal,  diverge  to  abont  front  of  second  dorsal,  and  converge  toward 
base  of  candal;  the  plates  elongated  vertically,  their  spines,  rising 
ahrnptly  from  tlieir  centers,  are  strong,  thick,  blunt,  curved;  abont  'M 
plates  in  inferior  and  35  in  snperior  longitudinal  row;  between  them  lies 


*  Diajrnosis :  Hody  moderately  slender,  cornprcaswl,  its  widtli  betwcrn  tli(^  dor.sala  noaiiy 
2  in  (l«i)tli  at  same  place;  2  rows  of  strong  and  2  of  weak  spinex  alonj^  each  side  of  lioii\ , 
and  a  median  lateral  I'ow  of  spineleHs  i)lates.  Head  4!.  rreoperciilar  spine  lar^e,  snlmr 
bital  H))ine  tulierciilar.  Snpraoculav  rMjio  expanded  into  a  triangular  slielf  projectiiii: 
laterally  far  beyond  eye  and  (mding  blnntly;  no  occipital  spines.  Back  elevated  beliiini 
najio.  First  dorsal  sliort,  beginning  at  nape.  Plates  in  dorsal  stories  43  to  45;  betwein 
<lorsals  (from  last  sjiino  to  first  ray)  14  pairs  (it  i);iirH  between  end  of  membrane  of  tlr.--t 
dorsal  .and  tirst  ray  of  second  dors.il.  Nasal  spines  sliarj),  far  ajtart,  at  tip  of  snout .  N'l 
nu'dian  rostral  plaio.  Gill  membranes  united,  free  from  isthmus.  Teeth  in  broad  bainl^; 
on  Jaws  and  on  vomer;  none  on  ])alatines.  \'ent  between  i  and  \  distance  from  ventral 
to  anal.  Color  (in  spirits)  "ohl  ivory,"  with  brown  patches  on  sides,  1  nmler  lirst  dors;il, 
1  between  dorsals,  1  under  second  dorsal,  2  or  3  on  peduuulo.  B.  6;  1 1).  C;  2  1).  7;  A.  ><■. 
lM2i  V.3(I-2);  C.  2-13-2. 


Jordan  and  F.Virmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     li(>3r> 


'  si)iiie;  from 


ill)'  niodian  lutiTiil  himMoh,  Itcitriii);  (Ik*  lutoral  liiui,  witli  a  nearly  cimtiuii- 
oMH  row  of  lis  or  \\\s  HpinnloHH  ]iljit<-H  from  ht'ud  to  i  aiidnl  (a  few  of  tlu'in 
with  Hiiiiill,  blunt  tiiltcnlfH)  ilorsolah^nil  HorioH  (utiiipoHctl  of  Hiiiall,  iiidiH- 
liiH't  |ilat«>H  from  oiripiit  to  ItMyond  iniddUt  of  first  dorsal,  wlxm  tlioy 
lituuiiiie  lar){i>r  and  Hpinoiis;  ])lat('H  of  sixth,  Ht>v*.>ntli,  t-ijrhtli,  and  ninth  pairs 
Ixdiind  last  ray  of  sotroiid  dorsal  <loH«dy  a]>pro\iinat*Ml,  hnt  not  forming 
single  modian  ]dat(!s;  from  ninth  pair  to  uaiidal  tbo  plates  of  thv  J  rows 
;iitrrnato  as  on  vontral  surface;  plates  in  dorsal  surics  \\\  to  15.  Th»ro  are 
:iimoHt  complptc  aories  of  small  platos,  altormiting  with  tho  lar^e  ones, 
liotween  the  dorsi*  and  superior  lateral  series,  between  the  superior  and 
ii'.edian  lateral,  between  the  median  and  inferior  lateral,  and  between  the 
inferior  and  ventro  lateral  series;  this  nuiltiplication  by  interealat ion  of 
small  plates  is  evident  all  over  the  body.  There  are  no  larjje,  but  nnnier- 
niiH  minute,  plates  in  front  of  and  ou  base  of  pectorals,  (iill  membranes 
|)osteriorly  and  medially  with  several  rather  weak  platos  and  many  minute 
plates  and  prickles,  anteriorly  and  laterally  with  a  few  anuill  plates; 
underside  of  lower  Jaw  witli  many  imi»erfeet  ]»lates  or  stronfj  prickles; 
weaker  prickles  alon<;  the  branchiostejial  rays.  II<nid  depressed  throujijli- 
out,  narrow  to  ])oaterior  border  of  orbits,  behind  which  it  widens  rapidly. 
I)el)tli  behind  orbits  /,,  and  over  operehta  jj,  of  width  atsauus  points;  orbits 
liirjje,  oval,  1 J  in  liead,  far  forward ;  interorbital  space  a  little  conc.ivo,  very 
iiroad;  at  anterior  border  of  orbits  wi«ler  than  the  orbit  itself,  \\\  in  head; 
;it  posterior  border  of  orbit  '1\  in  head.  Siii)raorbital  ridges  expanded 
into  a  tiat,  triangular  sludf  ])rojeeting  upward  and  outward  over  eye  an<l 
I  tiding  bluntly.  <)(;ci])ital  ridges  heavy,  low.  spineless,  forming  low  domes 
Itehiiid;  sjtace  between  them  concave.  I'reorbital  with  about  2  ridges 
radiating  from  the  anterior  interior  border  of  orbit,  each  ending  in  a  short, 
hroad,  plate-like  blunt  spinet;  supraorldtal  with  a  bro:id,  domc-lik*' tnl>er- 
rle;  preopcrcle  with  a  dor.sovent rally  comproased  spine;  below  this  IJ  snc- 
(I'ssively  smaller  blunt  8])ines;  (  lieek  below  orbit  and  suborbital  with  1 
ur  ."(  fairly  develoi)ed  and  many  minute  ])lates;  nasal  spines  far  apart,  near 
ti|)  of  snout  aharp,  nearly  upright.  A  large  membraneous  nasal  tube;  a 
short,  llap-like  barbel  at  ti))  of  each  maxillary;  mucous  ]»orcs  of  lower 
Jaw  with  tlap-like  borders.  Mouth  small,  terminal ;  no  median  rostral 
plate;  maxillary  re.iching  a  little  beyond  front  of  orbit;  angle  of  jaw 
prominent,  tubercular.  Dorsals  far  apart  (al)out  14  pairs  of  plates 
liotween  last  spine  and  lirst  ray;  9  j  airs  from  end  of  lirst  dorsal  mem- 
lirane  to  lirst  ray),  the  first  a  short  distance  behind  occiput,  its  spines 
very  rough  (like  the  rays  of  all  tho  fins),  with  minute  prickles  or  plates; 
its  leathery  membrane  also  rough;  spines  (5,  transversely  broad  at  base, 
the  fourth  longest,  2  in  head;  lyase  of  second  dorsal  about  1*  in  that  of 
lirst  doraal;  rays  7,  the  third  longest,  about  1.1  in  head;  distance  between 
ilorsala  about  ecjual  to  base  of  iirst  dorsal;  anal  beginning  about  1^  plates 
ill  front  of  aecond  doraal ;  rays  8,  tho  tifth  longest;  the  membrane  notched, 
t  he  distal  third  of  the;>  anterior  rays  exserted,  with  a  luirrow  border  of  niem- 
liraue;  caudal  rounded,  its  base  about  2  in  its  length;  pectorals  close  to 
uill  openings,  4!  in  length  of  body,  their  base  about  o  in  their  length,  r:iys 
a  little  cxaerted;  ventrala  (male)  leas  than  2  in  i)ectoral8,  the  inner  ray 


2();i(i 


Diilldin  /7,  United  States  Natioual  Museum. 


"■n: 


longnr,  K  in  lioily.  r<ntoml  lino  witli  about  II  pnroH  on  tho  anterior  ami 
ultoiit  U  on  poHtttrior  purt  «)f  body,  (till  nionibnineH  iinitod,  i'vmi  rioin 
iNtlininH.  Tt><«t<li  on  Jiiwh  and  vomer;  none  on  pnltitinvH,  Color,  piili' 
bruwniHh  or  yt'llowisli  ("old  ivory");  a  lif^lit-ln-own  croHH  bur  u(  rohn  iln. 
buck  in  front  of  und  under  liiHt  dorHul,  nurrowiuf;  to  ujipir  ««nd  of  biisit  if 
pectoriil;  anofiior,  of  irru^rulnr  outlinn,  jiuhsIu};  <lo\vnwurd  und  forwiinl  in 
poHtorior  nido  of  'mso  of  poitorul ;  a  larger  one,  nioHtly  b<do\v  tbo  Hupiiiiu 
lutcral  N(M'ii;H,  bfbind  lirstdorNiil ;  I  uiulor  second dornul,  und  lion  ))edniii  1. 
tlie  luHt  Just  in  front  of  base  «)f  ciiudul;  dorHul  iins  dusky,  with  sin;ill 
diirkcr  ]>iitcIn>H;  lirst  dorsul  with  u  jtule  oldii|ue  bur  neur  itHbaso;  diKt:i| 
hulf  of  (Miudal  dark,  itH  tip  ed^^ed  with  li^^htrr;  ^tostorior  half  of  imil 
dusky;  p<'(!t(»rul«  niurlded  with  yellowish  und  brown,  the  nionibrune  of  (Ik 
distnl  third  dusky,  with  pnler  ed>j;o;  voutralH  ])ulo;  1  or  5  brown  spots  «iii 
uupe;  a  curved  bund  of  brown  (  onuectinfj  the  posterior  endBof  tlio  ocrip 
itui  ridges,  uuothrr  between  the  liitter  un«l  the  temporul  ridf^es,  and  a 
streak  extending  backward  from  jiosterior  bonier  of  orbit;  brown  areas 
on  opordo  and  ]»reoperclo.  Length  14}  inches.  North  I'aeilie;  Kuril 
Islands  (Stcller),  fJulf  of  Patience,  Island  «)f  Sughalien  (Tiloslus),  Okhotsk 
Sea  (Dr.  Krausc);  not  known  fnnn  Japan.  Hero  descriltod  from  a  speci 
men  from  OkhotHk  Sea  in  Coll.  Cul.  Ae.  Sci.,  the  only  one  Hoen  Hin<'e  tiie 
time  of  Pullas  und  Tilcsius.  ( Japoxicim,  from  .lupun,  .laponia,  because, 
aiu'ordingto  Stoller,  it  is  more  common  toward  the  south,  i,  e.,  in  .Tupau.  i 

Cottiia  jai>onicut.  Tai.i.as,  S|tleilej{ia  Zoolnniii,  vii.  HO,  pi   '  tl^H.  I  3,1772,  dry  sjiecinicn 

Kuril  Islands  (Coll.  (i.  W.  StcUor) ;  Tu.Ksu's,  Krut        icrn's  IJeino  lun  dl<<  Well,  i\ 

1.1.87.1KI3. 
Ayninm  cuiilicii*,  'I'lLKfiTT's,  Mi^'m-Arnd.  St.  P(>tcrHb.,  IV,  1811, 410i  nfterPAU.Aflnnd  Stei.mi! 
Aiiouim  ntr(inphtliiilmu.i,  Tu.Kslt's,  Moiiioirs  Soc.  NutiiriillHtH.  Aloseow,  u,  219,  1800,  Gulf 

of  Patience,  Saghalien  Island;  Tli.ESiUS,  Mini.  Acad,  St.  IVtorsb.,  iv,  1811, -lli?,  pi  12; 

GOntukh,  Cat.,  n,  214, 1800. 
Agpidophonin  llniza,  T,X(i:vt.UF.,  Iliit.  N'al.  dos  ToiRH.,  in,  1802;  after  Pai.I.AS. 
AKpi(loiiliortisnui)cnilion\i»,  CrviKii  &  Vai.knciennes,  Hist.  Nut,  I'oiuH.,  iv,  215, 1829,  Kuril 

Islands;  after  Pau.as  and  Tu.eshs. 
fercisjapunicut,  Scopoli,  Int.  Hist.  N»t.,  4.14, 1777. 
A(jonvnja}>onicvs,  Hlocii  it  Sc'iiXKU)i:u,  Systonia  Ichthyologia,  10.5, 1801. 
PlialntKjisfrsjajiiiiiieiis,  Pam.AS,  Zooy.  Rosso-AHiat.,  ill,  112, 1811. 
Utppocfiihnlii.1  aupercilioiHs.  .Swai.nson,  Nat.  Hist.  Fislies,  oti;.,  II,  272,  ISriO. 
Uippm-i'phnhis  jnpnuiciin,  Johdan  &.  GiLBEia',  Synopsis, 723, 1883;  Cuamer,  Pron.  Cal.  .\v. 

Sci.  1894, 104,  with  ligure. 

760.  AGONOMALUS,  Ouiehenot. 

Aiioiiowaliis,  GMrHENOT,  Mem.  Soc.  Sci.  Nat.  do  Cherbourg,  IX,  ISfifi,  252,  pi.  9  (prohocc'i 
ilnlin). 

Head  and  body  strongly  compressed,  the  latter  eiitirel.y  armed  with 
ungiilar  osseous  ])lutes.  Teeth  excessively  small  on  both  jaws,  none  on 
vomer  or  palatines.  Dorsal  tins  separate;  a  long,  tleshy  barbel  on  tip 
of  snout;  mouth  small;  a  very  high,  broad,  somewhut  recurved  spine  or 
bony  pro.iectiou  above  ea<'h  orbit;  occipitul  spines  not  prominent;  origin 
of  lirst  dors.'il  ubove  nape,  the  profile  from  nape  to  fin  very  steep;  pectoral 
ruys  somewhat  exscrtcd;  gill  membranes  probabl,v  united  und  free  from 
isthmus.  Closely  related  to  Hypmnoniia.  (Jgonus;  6f.ta\6i,  level,  even, 
or  Hat;  i.e.,  compressed,) 


i|^ 


JonUxn  and  liirnnann,  -r-Fis/us  of  Noilli  .  hinrim.      20il7 


XiiUtt.  A<iOM»MAM  N  IMtOIIUM il»AM!H  ( VuliJiii'lviimH). 


215, 182»,  Kui . 


R,  Pror.  CiU.  Af. 


pi.  9  {prohnne: 


llt'l);ht  of  body  ~>^  in  tutiil  IfD^lli;   ^ifiitrHt  wiiltli  of  abdnnicn   f;  of 
li.HKlit.     IJr.  (i;  I).   VIII,  (1;  A.   lli;  I'.   II;   V.  U  (I,  L');  V.  2-ll->'.     li.xly 
It'iiilur,  (idiitpruMMod.     Hido  of  botly  tlii'oii>r|ioiit  itd  IciiKtli  with  2  rowH  of 
piiioiiH  |)liit»H,  I  iiltovr  iiud  I   Itrldw  liit*'i'iil  liiir,  tbr  pliitiH  o\  ill,  rudiiiliy 
4riat*-d,   tlio  spiium  \unh,  nirvrd,  uoiiipn'MHud   upon   iiiiddli^  of  pliitcN. 
Ili'liiiid  puctoral   ^'inllu,    Itotwoi'ii    llrst   |diitu.s  of  Hiiporiur  and   iiifoiior 
^piuoiiH  HoriuH,  a  circular  Htiiatud  plato  witb  a  Hinall  Npinu;  a  Huiall  npinu 
ii])on  a^  i>late  on  Mio  pectoral  ^riid!)-  aliov<'  iuHortiou  of  pcotoral  liii.     SidcH 
iictWffU  lateral  Npiuoiis  hi  rico  a  littlu  coucavu.     Tbu  rounded,  siuacwhat 
|ii(iuiiucut  abdomen  witb  Hinall   striated  platuH  arniud  witb   low  Iduiit 
iiilii-rrloH.     I'rolUr  of  body  risiuK  vertically  bcbind  napo  aiul  under  lirHt 
spinu  of  tirHt  doiHal,  ruuiiin;;  in  a  Htrai^bt  line  to  Hi-iund  doiHal,  riNin^  a 
little  untler  tbia  lin,  and  dcHcttiidin^  gradually  to  caudal.     Inferior  ])rolilM 
marly  roitilinoar.     Head  huuiII,  coni])ru.sMed,  \vitb  a  tbick  Ion;;  median 
narbul  at  tip  of  Hiioiit:  HUpraocular  ridgcH  bi;;b,  paHHin;;  down  anterior 
border  of  orbit;  tb«!  HU)irao(!ularNptneH  lar^cu*  Hat,  tbin;  interorliital  wpaeo 
deeply  concave,  Avitb  a  Hinall  lun^itutlinal  rid^e;  nasal  ^pineH  prcHont;  a 
jiair  of  occipital  npinoH  ])resunt;  also  a  Hupraucapular  tubordu;  none  on 
iipercle,  liut  a  lar;;o,  oldonjj,  coinprcKsod  Hpiiio  tin  preoperclo  and  1  on 
siiliorliital ;  eye  largo,  circular,  I   in  bead.     Tbc  preoildtal   witb  rid^eB, 
eliding;  at  ItH  lower  l»order  in  ntrong  dunticulatious.     Moutb  small;  lower 
J.iw  Hborter  tban  tbe  upjter;  tectb  excesHively  wmall ;  none  on  palatincH. 
Spines  of  Ihst  dorsal  lar^e,   curved,  and  liigber  tii;in  tbo  body  boneatb 
them;  second  dorsal  lower,  its  rays  strong  and  curved;  anal  very  long; 
inudal  uarrow  and  rounded;  ])ectoral  very  birge,  its  longest  rays  eijiial  to 
longest  sitiiiea  of  liist  dorsal;   rays  simple   and  roiigb;  veutrals  small. 
Lateral  line  indicated  by  a  series  of  small  longitudinal  '-traits"  set  off  ou 
iiak<'«l  space  between  tbe  2  longitudinal  striosof  large!  spinous  i»late8  (after 
\  alencieunes).     (Juiebeuot  says   tbe   total   leugtb   is  scarcely  (i;^    inebes 
lit;  cm.).     His  ligiiie,   wbicb  seems   to  be  g<»od,  furiiisbes  tbe  following 
tacts;  Al»oiit  7  plates  of  tbe  superior  lateral  scrb's  between  tbe  adjacent 
rays  of  lirst  and  second  dorsals,  and  alioiit  2  between  posterior  edge  of 
iiieml»rane  of  first  dorsal  and  first  ray  of  second  dorsal;   10  plates  from 
last  ray  of  second  dorsal  to  base  of  caudal.     A  small  but  distinct  tultercio 
or  spine  posteriorly  at  base  of  supraocular  spine.    Occii)ital  spine  appar- 
ently very  close  to  elevated  part  of  back,  but  distinct;  in  front  of  its  base 
a  small  but  distinct  tubercle,  as  in  Jfypsaf/oinis  ([Hailricdinia.    Spines  (»f 
lii'st  dorsal  all  exserted,  the  first  tor  about  i  of  its  leugtb;  all  rays  of 
anal  exserted,  tbe  aiitoiior  3  or  4  for  about  J  of  their  length;  posterior 
anal  rays  (except  the   last)  longest;  all  rays  of  pectoral  considerably 
exserted  (about  I  of  their  length);  27  spinous  plates  iu  the  series  above 
lateral  line,  30  in  tbe  serb-s  b«'low  lateral  line.     One  specimen  known, 
taken  in  1  of  the  coves  of  tbe  Port  of  the  Kmperor  Nicolas,  (Julf  of  Tar- 
tary  (Nicolaovsk,  iiuuitb  of  Amur  Hiver,  west  of  the  Island  of  Saghalieu). 
((iuiobenot.)     (prohoacUlulib,  bearing  a  proboscis;  iu  allusion  to  the  promi- 
ucut  barbel  ou  snout.) 


■  i-'. 


2038         liHllctin  47,  UniUd  ShUn  iXoiional  Must  urn. 


.{tl>iiloi>liorui  probottiilatit,  VaI.EN(  iknnkh,  C'oiiiiiUa  Ueiiilii*  tin  1  Auail.  iltm  Hol)'iiri>«, 
XI. VII.  MIU,  \HM,  Hurt  uf  Emperor  Nicola*  (NIcolaevvk),  OulTof  Tartary. 

.lijiiniiiiinliil  prohoniiliilii,  Ciiimkncii,  Mi  hi.  S<m'.  Si  I.  Nut.  Cliii  lioiuu.  ItO-''.  ^W,  Jtl  t; 
Hauvauk,  Muuv.  Arch.  Mumiiin  IllMt.  Nat.,  I'liriM  i2),i,  IM78,  157. 

761.  HYPSAGONUS,  (Jill. 

Ilnittttiiitnun,  llll.I,,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nut.  Hri,  I'lilla.  IH(II,-J,MI  (iiiiitilrieomU). 

t'liiiriiiiniiut,  Mku/.knhtkin,  Mull.  Acml.  Imp.  Hul.  (I«  St.  iVternb.,  XIII,  18U0  HO,  (71,1. 
itirnt     iiuailriiumiM). 

Mdtly  <'iiiii|ir«>H.st>il,  olevatt^l,  tli'pth  Ki'*''*tor  than  lfii)j;tli  of  lioml,  iiiorc 
lliuii  k  0'  '""Ij  :  litiiHl  Hiniill,  »«-|)iii'iituil  Iroin  liiNt  tloiHitl  liy  a  wvy  *lt'i'|i 
iiiii'hiil  d^prusMioii;  top  of  lieiid  viiiy  iiiiuvni,  I  ]iiiirot'  liir^«<  Niipiaociil  ir 
hikI  I  |iiiii'of  liir^o  orrijiitiil  Hpiiit's,  Htioii^;,  Miiiit;  iiiniitli  Irniiinnl,  Jiiwt 
iilidiit  )'i|Miil,  a  lai'^u  biii'lii'l  «ir  iioiio  at  tip  oT  Niioiit;  tttctli  un  Ja\v,H,  nonf 
on  V)iiiirr  or  ])alatiiii>>«;  ^ill  iikmiiIiI'iiikh  iiiiitrd,  fnii  from  istlmiiiN;  Hiiiuft 
or  platoH  liii'^o,  ratliall.v  Htriatcil,  willi  a  <'(>iitral  spinu  or  tiiliun-le;  'J  rov\H 
«»f  strong  anil  2  of  wiMikcr  spincn  alony  nIiIk  of  liody;  dorsal  tin  loiij{, 
high,  ItUKiniiin;;  iiuiiiiMliatuly  huliiiHl  iiapu,  tli*^  Hpiii«).>«  strong,  tliu  lirsl  sn-. 
nitml;  p«Mtoi-alH  sliort,  piociirn'iif,  thi'  lower  H  or  }>  ra.vM  frc«<;  viMiti;iU 
HDiall;  vfiit  nearly  halfway  hetwoen  vjMitralin  aiitl  anal,  {utpi-  hij.;li; 
AgonuK.) 

num.  IIVrM.V<JO>VN  ({lIAItltlCOItMS*  (Cuviti  Jc  Viih'iK  lenuuN). 

]\r.  «>;  D.  IX  to  XI  (rarely  IX.  nsnally  X),  (Mir  7;  \.  !»  or  10;  1'.  13  or  11; 
V.  ;{  (I,  -');  C.  i:»;  virtcbni-  ,,",  (:«>).  I'yioiii'  (!fi«a  r>  (1'  imliviaiials  . 
Body  Htroiigly  «•  )m|ire-^HtMl  throiiKhoiit  its  length.  Aluloniun  hwoIIch 
(uiiK'h  l»HH  in  malt'  than  foinai*))  alioiit  /,,  of  thu  dv|ith,  tho  latter  ){  to  1^ 
(usually  about  I)  in  tiio  loiigth;  liody  iniicli  niirmwer  nnder  Hucond  dnr- 
Hiil,  only  altont  ^  of  depth.  Itaek  li.seH  almost  )>erpondi(iil.'irly  buliind  tjit^ 
Ui\]iv>,  slopes  downward  to  end  of  llist  <lorsal,  rises  gently  to  base  of  sic 
oimI  dorsal,  then  sinks  and  rises  again  to  base  of  eandal ;  ventiul  oiitllin' 
gently  eonvoN.  I'lales  distrilmled  in  general  as  in  the  other  AgonoiiN, 
but  with  many  deviations  in  detail.  Interspaces  inembranaeeons,  studded 
with  a  variable  iinmber  of  siinill  plates;  vent  nearly  halfway  betwei  n 
veiitrals  and  anal,  the  memliiane  between  it  and  ventrals  with  seattenii 
plates;  jdates  of  s fiitiolateral  scries  small,  the  si»iiics  short,  bliim, 
strongest  from  vent  to  anal;  those  of  the  inferior  lateral  series  elongaii  il 
vertically,  beginning  behind  middle  of  base  of  pectorals,  with  Ion-, 
strong,  cnrved  spines,  which  ii8<'  aliriiptly  from  the  center  of  the  plat(  -. 
growing  smaller  piteteriorly,  minute  at  base  of  caudal,  their  number  vary 
ing  from  28  to  30.     Tin*  series  of  the  lateral  line  (onsists  of  7  to  !)  plates 

*  DinRiiosis:  Hotly  sliort,  iniuih  coniprcsRctl  tlir<)U);li<)iit  its  vvlioln  leugtli ;  its  jireatrsi 
width  3  U>  i'j  in  d'cplli;  2  rows  of  .siroiij;  mid  2  of  wtMiker  8|iiiu'.>)  idonji  nidcof  body  a 
Htrong  spiiu!  nliove  biisn  of  poctoral ;  luMid  H.l;  iu'eoprrcnlar  Mi)i..  5  present,  hirge;  1  |i;iir- 
lur;;«  Riiimiucular  uiid  1  pair  litr^c  oiH'Jpilal  spiiica,  Htroiig  and  blunt.  Body  abruptly  ili . 
vated  behind  uapt':  lifHt  dor.sal  Inn;;,  high,  bu^iiiniiig  iiniiiediately  behind  nape;  '801  !i 

lower  raVH  of  pectoral  tree:  jilates  in  ilorHal  series  about  ,'i:i  to  3.'<;  between  dorsals  al 1 

5;  usually  a  single  barbel  at  tip  of  snout;  no  iiiedian  ro.stral  ]date:  gill  inembniins 
broadly  united,  free  I'roiii  iHtliiiius:  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines;  vent  iiearlv  halfwMV 
between  ventrals  and  anal.  Color,  front  half  of  body  blackish  violet  (variable),  hiudi  1 
hull'  pule,  yelluwiBli,  with  1!  or  \i  uunuw  durk  buud.s;  cuudul  with  durk  baud  distuUy. 


Jordan  aiuf  I'.virnuinn, — Fishes  of  North  Anuriai.     -(KV.) 


■  ry. 

IMOTi,  ■J54,  |il    • 


IHtM)    III),   (./;„. 

litMul,  inuii' 
a  Vfiy  <lt'<  II 

IHIipl'lKMllI  II 

iiiinal,  Jiiw  ■> 

II  JllW.S,   IKIhr 

Iiiiiiih;  HiiiMi 
(fde;  '_'  row  ■« 

MVl    till    loii^, 

till*  lirMt  M<  1- 
riM-;  voiitr;il> 


lUlt). 

I;  r.  13  or  II; 
iiiiliviiliiiiN 

IlHill     NWollrll 

latter  ;{ tn  1 
Hei'oiiil  tlm 
buliiiid  llii' 

llUHO  of  Si  ,  - 

tral  outline 
r  AjioiKtiils, 
IIS,  stmlilfil 
ay  bi'twi'i  n 
til  Hfatteii'il 
lort,  Itliiiii, 
s  cloiigalrd 
with  Ion.;, 
f  th«^  platr -, 
uiiiIht  vary 
7  to  Jtplatrs 

til  ;  its  (JTCatrst 
.ii<lt'  of  body  ;i 
It,  large;  1  I'^iii' 
<ly  aliruptly  il'  ■ 
iiiil  nape;  8<ii  !( 
II  (lorsals  iiliiiiil 

gill    llH'lllllllMUt 

nearly  liallw^iv 
iirial)li«),  liiinkr 
,ud  diotully. 


soiiiotliiii'M  varying  on  tlii<  2  hIiIuh  of  tin*  Maiiir  aiitmal),  tliu  tltHt  3  (u<-cii> 
Niuiiully  iUo  iiriit  W)  very  Iiiikk,  Hiipplyiiiff  lli»  lack  of  pliitrH  in  tlio  hii|hi- 
lior  lattTiil  Nitrit<H  anteriorly  and  Moiii(<tinit  s  a)t|iar«>iilly  t'oiiniii){  a  part  of 
iliJM  Hfri(w,  tluMi' HpinoH  liin^;,  Htroii};,  ami  iiirvud;  ri'inainiii^  r>  or  <i  pliili^is 
liHtribiitt'd  at  varying  dinlann-H  alon^  Hide  of  liody,  Hiiiall,  tint  HOini-tiiiifH 
l>rovid)'d  witii  Niiiall  Kpini-N;  tliii  Nii|ii'rior  lateral  hiiifs  ln'^iiiH  iindor  al>oiit 
ilio  Novfiitli  Hpiiie  of  tiiMt  dornal  and  inns  in  a  Htraiulit  lini)  to  caudal,  tlio 
^jiiiieH  a  little  HiiialUtr  than  tlioHf  of  tlie  iiil'rrior  lateral  serieH,  and  vary 
lioiii  iTi  to  27  in  iiinnlior  (pliiH  the  L'  or  :(  ]daleH  of  tlio  lateral  line  \vli«'ii 
iliey  appear  to  Itelon^  to  tliiH  Heries),  The  dormM'iiteral  Neiies  lie^^inH 
leliiiid  oeeipltal  Hpiiie  and  follows  ontlinu  of  hack  cIunu  under  dorsalH,  :iit 
Id  :tr>  paii'H;  platcH  Hinall,  with  tnlierciuH  or  hliiiit  Kphie.s.  Kctvvceii  the 
ilorHolateral  HerieH  ami  tint  htiHu  of  each  ilorHal  tin  ia  a  Hiip|dcineiiiary 
series  of  vury  hiiiiiII  tiilien  nliited  plates  or  prickles;  those  iiiidur  tliu 
iiituilor  lin  Hoineliines  lieeoine  apparently  eontinnoiis  with  the  duiso- 
lateral  Heries,  crowdiii^r  the  aiit»rior  plates  of  the  latter  downward ;  abuiit 
>  paii'H  he  I  ween  dorsal  IliiH.  Mehiiid  pectoral,  lietweeii  the  inferior  lat- 
<  ml  HcricH  and  the  lar^e  anterior  pine  plateH  thure  are  iiHiially  -'  ur  :i  platcH, 
iif  which  1  or  2  HoinetiincH  hear  iiiiiiiite  spines;  t  ]date  with  a  lar;;u,  stroii){ 
spine  JiiHt  ahove  htiHi>  of  puetonil;  none  in  front  of  tliu  tin,  which  is  close 
lo  ;^ill  opening.  No  platcH  on  hraiichioste^al  iiieinliraiies  or  lower  .jaw. 
Head  compressed,  Hiiont  \\\\  nearly  as  >\  ide  as  lii^li  across  ]ireopcrcle, 
iiiiicb  narrower  under  orhits.  Orbits  iaijre,  eireiilar,  hi^h  up,  {)  in  head. 
Iiiterorbital  H|iace  wide  heliiiid,  iiincli  narrower  in  front,  concave;  snpia- 
liihital  rid);;eH  \\\^\,  shelving  outward  over  eye,  ending  iu  Htron;::  spinus 
ilirccted  outward,  upward,  and  a  little  backward,  in  front  of  the  iiase  of 
which  there  is  a  very  small  one,  iiBiially  in  the  form  of  »  tiiliercio  of  vari- 
:ildo  si/c  (most  distinct  in  the  yonii<;).  I'rcorhital  with  2  or  H  ridges  radi- 
iilin;;'  from  anterior  inferior  border  of  orbit,  its  edge  Hcailopeil;  Niiborhital 
with  a  strong,  coinpresHed  spine  pro,jectiiig  nearly  at  a  right  angle;  pre- 
opercle  with  a  strong,  compressed,  curved  spine,  and  below  it  2  or  W  llat- 
tened  smaller  ones;  nasal  spines  strong,  curved,  separate,  somewhat 
diverging;  1  or  2  or  no  jdates  on  lower  jiart  of  cheek;  no  median  rostral 
jiliite.  Itarbel  at  tip  of  snout,  above  premaxillaries,  varying  much  in 
length,  freiiiieiitly  entirely  absent.  Month  small,  terminal;  maxillary 
iiMching  front  of  orbit.  Teeth  on  .jaws;  none  on  vomer  or  palatines. 
Anglo  of  Jaws  prominent,  tubercular.  (Jill  menibranoB  broadly  united, 
free  from  isthmus.  First  dorsal  about  2A  times  as  long  as  second,  high, 
its  spines  strong,  nearly  upright,  the  lirst  very,  and  some  of  the  others 
somewhat,  granulated  or  beset  with  prickles;  the  anterior  spines  but  little 
exserted;  membrane  Btretclied.  .Second  dorsal  low,  its  rays  stilf;  caudal 
virly  truncate,  its  width  at  base  iiboiit  lij  in  length;  anal  long,  bcgiii- 
iiiiig  under  posterior  end  of  first  dorsal  and  ending  opposite  posterior  end 
(if  second  dorsal ;  2  or  3  of  the  posterior  rays  (except  the  last)  longest,  all 
tlie  rays  much,  the  anterior  more  than  half,  exserted;  ventrals  of  female  S 
or  it  in  h'ugtii  of  body;  in  male  longer,  tJ  to  7^  in  body  length.  Abdoiii- 
iiial  region  much  swollen  in  female.  Lateral  line,  ]iores  1.5  to  10,  in  pairs, 
except  the  lirst.     Veut  nearly  halfway  between  veutrals  aud  anal.     Color 


tf    , 


■i 


(SB  1 


iil: 


2040         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Itliickish  oi-  grayinh  violet,  paler  liolow;  broiist  and  belly  in  front  of  vein 
niur'iletl  with  darker;  anterior  rejrion  to  opposite  posterior  end  of  liisl, 
dorsal  dark,  tiiu  <lark  region  limited  l>y  a  still  darker  Itaiid  wbicli  ruus  iij) 
«»u  tlui  lin;  i)08t»'rior  part  of  body  paler,  with  narrow  dark  cross  bands,  1 
under  tlio  anterior  and  1  under  the  posterior  part  of  the  second  dorHii', 
Loth  pt'ssing  down  onto  the  anal;  caudal  peduncle  darker,  sonietiim  > 
with  irrof-ular  patches  more  iuttMisely  diivk;  caudal  with  a  dark  band  ai 
(»as(,  and  another  near  distal  end,  the  extreme  tip  whiteedf;'e<l;  rays  (if 
anal  with  black  spots  near  their  tips;  pectorals  iudt>tinitely  cross-barnd 
by  series  of  short  bl;»ck  streaks  on  rays;  vontials  of  both  sexes  with 
about  2  narrow  bars  of  black.  A  variabh' species,  widely  dilfused.  Lenj;fii 
2.V  inches.  North  I'acifie;  Kamchatka,  Bering  Sea,  and  coasts  of  AlasK.i, 
south  to  Ih'isttd  Hay  and  I'uget  Sound.  (Gilbert.)  Here  described  Irom 
specimens  taken  by  Dr.  Gilbert  {.ilbatrosa  Coll.)  about  the  Aleutian 
Islands.     On  these  specimens  Dr.  Gilbert  has  the  lollowing  notes: 

Tukru  north  ami  Houtli  ol  IIki  Aleutian  Islands,  in  the  shullow  wutor;  also  at  1  stM 
tioii  ill  Itristol  May,  iu  depths  from  34  to  5G  I'atiicms.  Our  spcciiiiwis  aj^reo  portectly  wiili 
the  dt'scrii)liou  of  IIiipBwjitnun  (Clwiraijunus)  ijradicns,  Hcrzunstuiii  (lii\U.  Acad.  Inii».  din 
.Sci.  do  St.  I'ctersb.,  xiii,  11<5,  Mft>  29,  1800),  described  from  tlie  (iulf  ol'  Avatchii  in 
Kanii'liatka.  Ur.  (J.  A.  ISoiilenfjer,  of  tlio  Uritibh  Museum,  has  kindly  compared  uin 
of  onr  specimens  with  tiie  tjpc  of  Aiij)Uli>pltonis  quadricornis,  C.  &  V.,  aud  states  tliui 
they  are  luidoulitedly  i<leiitieal.  Body  slioi  t.,  mucli  eoinpresaed,  tlie  head  also  narrow  iiuil 
eiHiipressed,  es\ieciiilly  uliovo  and  in  front.  Nasal  apinos  .short  and  strong,  a  sleinii  r 
b.irbel,  or' varyinjj  length,  in  IVout  of  them  on  middlt^  line  of  snout,  '".l  lar  re;;iiiii 
abruptly  rising  al'o'')  the  short,  slender  si.out,  the  eyes  vertical,  overarched  by  the  siipi.i 
or'.)ital  rim,  vhich  i  ars  jiosleriorly  a  strong  vertical  spiiu).  Intei  orbital  space  witli  a 
deep  mcdiau  yrt'ove  and  wuhout  ridges,  the  occipital  region  depressed  below  the  l)otti)iii 
of  the  groove.  No  deep  i)it  on  occiput,  the  sj)aee  being  gently  concave  transversrl\ . 
bounded  laterally  by  moderate  ridges,  whieli  bear  posteriorly  a  spine  preceded  by  a  loiif 
tuberel".  A  sti'ong  spine  at  lower  inferior  l)ordor  of  orbit;  a  strong  spin.)  at  upper  pic 
oiiei-.;ular  .'ingle  and  3  smaller  ones  below  it  J  a  stnmg  spine  above  the  base  of  pectoml, 
liehind  and  al)ove  which  on  sides  are  2  strong  si>ine8  nearly  in  '.iue  with  tlie  upi)or  lateral 
series  of  plat(\s;  surfaces  (.f  opereles  with  a  I'ew  short  spinous  processes,  but  witlioiit 
detinite  spine.  V.imer  and  palatino'  toothless.  JSrauchiostegal  membranes  broadlv 
Joined,  lorming  a  free  fold  across  the  isthmus,  ^touth  narrow,  horizontal,  terp'.inal,  the 
lower  jaw  included.  Maxillary  rea<'liing  vertical  slightly  behind  front  of  orbit,  lij  in 
head.  Eye  l.irge,  3  in  head;  snout  4;  interorbital  widtl.  over  middle  of  orbit  J  liead 
behind  snout.  Iv'ape  rising  very  abrujjtly  from  occiput  to  front  of  dorsal,  tln^  outliiii' 
thence  descending  to  i-ear  front  of  Svjcond  dorsal  wlien  it  again  ascends.  The  points  (if 
(trigin  of  tiie  2  dor;<.il»' are  therefore  prominent,  the  i)rotile  eimeave  behind  them.  IJoily 
(leejtist  nder  (irst  dorsal  Hi)ine,  3J  in  length.  Greatest  width  of  body  near  ventral  out 
line  ii.iuiediately  iieliind  ventral  lin,  5\  in  Icngtii.  A  series  of  small  prickles  along  base 
of  spinous  and  anterior  portion  of  soft  dorsal,  bearing  1  spinule  to  each  ray.  Plates 
all  concealed,  .,lie  spines  alone  i)ri)Jecting;  upper  lateral  series  of  plates  very  small,  hear 
ing  each  a  ninute  spinous  point ;  this  series  is  narrowly  separated  from  ba.se  tf  spinoii.s 
dorsal,  and  run.-t  along  base  of  soft  dorsal,  tiio  2  series  uniting  immediately  behind  llic 
latter,  bearing  eaeli  a  pair  of  diverging  spines;  lateral  series  with  very  strong  spines,  the 
largi>st  being  the  anterior  ones  of  the  lower  lateral  scries.  The  upper  lateriil  series  is 
incompi<  CO  anteriorly,  ending  under  th(»  oightli  dorsal  spine.  It  is  apparently  cora])letiil 
by  5'.  very  strong  spines,  which  belong,  however,  to  the  series  of  the  lateral  line.  Veii 
tral  ferios  of  spines  small,  running  along  inunediate  base  of  anal  tin,  the  i)airs  uniting 
behind  the  anal,  tiie  resulting  plates  bearing  a  pair  of  spines.  As  in  the  case  of  the  dor 
sal  siiries,  thiw  union  is  more  or  less  Iri'eguhir  and  incomplete,  the  cori'esiionding  jilaics 
suiui  times  failing  to  unitti,  aud  then  either  maiutuiuiug  their  oppuuitu  position  or  alteru;. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2041 


•ont  of  vein 
011(1  of  first 
licli  nm»  nil 
088  bam  Is,  1 
•ond  tlorsii!, 
,  Hometiiin  - 
iirk  1)1111(1  ;ii 
H»'»l;  riij'H  of 
pross-baiT(  (I 
1  8cxe»  V it'll 
»ed.    Leii^tii 
ts  of  Alaska. 
ici'il)ed  Iron  I 
he  Alfiitiaii 
J  tea : 

;  also  at  1  sta 
)  perfectly  wiili 
Acad.  Iiiii>.  cli  M 
of  Avutclm  iij 
coiiiiiureil  Dill 
iud  Htatos  tlKii 
;ilso  narrow  ami 
rong,  a  slciuli  r 
T'c  lur  rejiicu 
ed  by  thf  aiiini 
tal  space  with  a 

elow  tlio  boti 

'o  traiisvcrsily, 
jcedod  by  a  \mv 
it  upper  iHi 
)a80  of  poctonil, 
le  upper  latci.il 
but  witlioiii 
ibraues  broii(ll\ 
,  terpunal,  tlic 
of  orbit,  ii'l  ill 
of  orbit  J  liii'.il 
al,  tlie  outliiii' 
The  points  hI 
d  tbeui.     Hiicly 
111-  ventral  oiii 
klea  alonn  liasr 
li  ray.     l'lat.> 
ery  8niall,bi'nr 
)ase  tf  spinous 
tely  b-jliiiid  tiio 
rong  Hpiufs,  tlic 
lateral  series  is 
ently  comi)lt'tiil 
eval  line.    Ven 
e  iiairs  uniting 
case  of  the  dor 
s])ondinf;  iilalis 
tiou  or  alleruii; 


iii>;.  Lateral  lino  with  few  widelj-  spaced  pairs  of  pon^s,  those  of  each  pair  app^'oxiraated 
Mini  horizontally  instead  of  vertically  placed.  The  iiitcr.si>accs  bear  in  the  posteri<ir  part 
,if  llit>  body  a  iiiiniit(<  prickle  each;  in  the  case  of  the  '1  or  3  anterior  pairs,  tlicso  bet'onie 
\  ery  strong  spines,  nearly  on  a  line  with  the  incomplete  npjicr  lateral  series  of  plates, 
'iiiiis  anterior,  nearly  midway  between  base  of  vcntrals  an<l  front  of  anal.  First  dorsal 
■,|ii'ie  vertically  over  iippwr  axil  of  itectoral.  The  lin  is  ri;;idly  spread  in  alcoholic  speci- 
Miens ;  the  thinl  and  fourth  spines  are  loii;;cst  an<l  about  ei|ual  length  of  snout  and  eye; 
lulcrspace  between  dorsals  ei|iialiiig  J  lenjilh  of  orliit:  anal  much  longer  than  second 
.liirsal,  its  tlrst  ray  under  last  dorsal  spine,  its  last  ray  sliithtly  in  advance  of  the  last  ray 
III'  soft  dorsal;  anal  membranes  de(>ply  iiicis(>d,  especially  anteriorly.  Caudal  siiort, 
loiinded;  pectoral  of  2  distin<'t  divisions,  the  upper  portion  co!isistiiijr  of  4  or  fi  rays 
Miiiied  by  niemhrane;  the  lower  part  of  8  entirely  disconnected  rays.  These  upper  and 
liiwor  portions  of  the  tin  are  used  alternately  in  pushing  tlie  fish  forward  on  the  bottom, 
ilie  ui»per  lobe  being  downward  and  forward  for  the  ]iiirpose.  In  the  ai|uariiiin,  the  tish 
;i|i]iears  to  walk,  resting  alternately  on  the  upper  and  lower  jiectoral  rays  and  on  the  front 
i;iys  of  the  anal;  the  longest  pectoral  rays  reach  to  or  jiist  beyond  front  of  anal;  ventrals 
sliort,  not  reaching  vent  in  females,  reaching  to  or  sliy:litlj'  beyond  vent  in  males.  1).  IX 
I.I  \'I,  6  or  7;  A.  9  or  10;  T.  Kt  or  14;  V.  1,2;  C.  lit.    Vertebra'  8   |  28.     Lateral  line  7  to  9. 

I  iilor:  blackish  or  greyish  violet,  paler  below;  breast  and  belly  in  front  of  vent  marbled 
u  ilh  darker;  anterior  part  of  sides,  to  opposite  last  dorsi'  spines  dark,  the  darker  reuion 
limited  by  a  still  darker  hand  which  runs  up  on  the  il'i;  posterior  part  of  body  paler, 
usually  with  3  darker  cross  bars,  the  last  of  which  often  broadens  out  to  ociuipy  all  of  the 
liiiulal  peduncle;  caudal  witliadark  bar  at  base  and  another  at  i)ostorior  margin,  the 
t\trenie  edge  white;  the  dark  vertical  bars  continued  onto  the  anal  tin,  the  rays  also 
s|M>tted  with  hack  near  lips;  veiitrals  with  a  black  bar  or  sjjot  at  base;  sometimes  a 
si'cond  on  middle  of  lin  ;  pectorals  indefinitely  cross-barred,  largelj'palo  on  basal  porticm; 
color  varying  greatly,  the  lighter  areas  on  body  and  tins  often  with  dusky  marblings. 
(ililbert.)    ('luatuor,  four;  cornu,  horn.) 

Aspidopliorus  qnadrieornis,  CuvtEii  &  Vate.ntiennes,   Hist.  Nat.   Poiss.,  iv,  221,  1829, 
ICamchatka.     ((^'oU.  Dr.  (Jollee.    Type  in  Uritish  Museum.) 

I I  iipnafjonui  (Oheira(ji/nHi))  ijradiens,  IIerzenstkin,  Hull.  Acail.  Imp.  des  Sci.  do  St.  Petersb., 

tome  XIII,  110,  May  29, 1890,  Kamchatka,  Sinus  Awatska,  Port  Petropautski. 
Altoiim  (/i/(t(/nVo)-)t(.«,  (UiNTiiEit,  Cat.,  ii,  21,'),  1800. 
Iliiimtujonus  iiuadriconiis.  Gill,  I'l,;'-.  A(^  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xiii,  1801, 107;  Jorda.m  &.  Gil- 

UEUT,  Synopsis,  722, 1883;  GILUEUT,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish  (jonim.  1893  (18')0),  439. 


762.  STELLERINA,  Ciiiiner. 

su'llerina,  Cra.meu,  in  Jordan  \  Kvermann,  Checl   List  Fisbes,  447, 1890  (ryosternus) 

IJody  moderately  cloiij^ate,  taperiiifj  uniformly  from  head  tn  i  audal. 
s  Iit'dral,  Hiibteiete,  a  little  (Icpri'sscd  anteriorly,  depth  about  7,  width 
iiltout  6  in  length;  head  4i,  tajuTing  but  litth-  forward;  prollhs  of  head 
and  snout  in  straight  line  with  back.  Platt's  in  dr.rsal  series  about  115; 
lietweou  ocoiput  and  lirst  dorsal  (>  or  7  pairs.  I'laLes  of  body  spinous; 
breast  covered  Avith  radially  striated  prickles.  Mouth  very  (ibliiiue,  the 
snout  short,  not  tubular,  hiwer  jaw  protruding,  entering  protilc;  titth 
Miiall,  in  few  rows  on  jaws,  none  on  vomer  or  palatines.  A  barbel  at  tip 
of  each  maxillary.  No  median  idstial  plate.  N.isal  spines  .small ;  no 
supraocular  or  occipital  spines.  Gill  membranes  uiiit«'d,  free  from  the 
isthmus.  Anal  liuig.  (Named  for  Georg  Wilhelm  StoUer,  naturalist  tvud 
explorer,  the  fust  to  study  the  lishes  of  Boring  Sea.) 
3030 51 


2042         Bullcliu  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


ft 


SI 


m^ 


1     'I 


:rr 


i. 


H 
1,.-  ••■' 


I 


2101.  STKM.KHIVA   XYOSTKU.NA'  (JokIiiii  .V  (Silbtrl). 

B.O;  J).  VI  or  V1/-6;  A-XorU;  1'.  17  to  19;  V.  .S  ^I,  2);  0.  1,  11,1;  l;u- 
<ral  lino  36.  H(»(ly  nltffhtlj/  iVpronHi'il  in  front,  ivs  hij^U  as  wido  nnd«U'  Htm 
<J(»r8iil,  8-lir(]riil,  Hiibttn-ti',  the  /.irr-a  Jnit  little  concave;  tail  .stronji' 
rlepr*  ssed,  111  xajioii.il.  Tlii"  eliarp,  slijfhtlv  «ur\o<l  Npiiics  present  on  a  I 
Hill  platen  of  eaeh  sorie^,  l>iit  niiniile  on  tin  nuuliaii,  dorsal  und  ventrnl 
|dat(!S  of  caudal  pediinelo;  the  Hnpeiiol'  lateral  series  bcfj'uniiii;-  oppositr 
front  of  iIimI  dorsal,  l»uinji  rei»lared  anhi  iinly  l),v  i\w  series  of  tlie  later;  I 
line.  Unlike  (ho  specicH  of  I'halnuijiHhH  (in  which  Ihero  are  several  , 
only  1  pair  of  plates  belwoen  last  ray  of  wecond  doisal  and  iirst  medi.in 
plate  and  1  between  last  aiial  ray  and  first  median  plate.  JJreast,  unliKo 
that  of  other  species,  ulthoiit  plates,  bnt  covered  willi  innninorablo 
radially  Htriatcd  piicl'  s;  edge  of  breast  in  front  of  lower  end  of  ba-c 
of  pectoral  with  3  to  plates.  Ilrancbiostegal  inembrane  and  nndii 
side  of  mandible  naked;  inembrane  between  the  ventKdateral  serii  s 
behind  and  around  vent  with  minute  siattered  prickles;  2  or  3  spinous 
plates  in  front  of  pectoral;  tlu^  inferior  lateral  si-ries,  unlike  tliac  of  " 
<lo(l(r(i((lron,  running  dinotly  toward  base  of  pectoial.  Head  tapering  bii 
little  forward,  as  lii<,rh  as  wide,  1}  in  leii|(tli.  Oriiits  moderate,  nearly  cii 
eular,  loiif^cr  than  snout,  a  little  more  than  3  in  bead;  interoibital  spaic 
nearly  il,"',  uearly  2  iv  orbit;  snpraorbital  and  occipital  lidffcs  bnt  litlii 
developed,  spineless;  temporal  rldgi;  moderate;  a  small  siijnascapiii.n 
spine.  Cheeks  vertical ;  2  niinnte  sjanesat  border  of  ])ioorbital,  1  oiisiih 
orbital,  2  rather  large  and  sometimes  a  third  small  one  on  picopercle;  im 
plates  on  lower  part  of  cheek;  nasal  spines  nii/mte,  converging  behind  tli. 
maslllaiy  pcdli  les.  Median  rostral  plate  absent;  mouth  very  obli(|iM  , 
lowerjaw  protrudin,!.',  entering  profile;  maNiilary  nearly  reaching  i)ii|';i 
enlarged  at  (ij).  Teeth  few  and  small  in  few  rows  on  jaws;  none  on  voim  i 
or  palatines.  One  barbel  at  tip  of  each  maxillary.  (Jill  openings  laiL;' 
membranes  united,  I'lci'  I'roiii  istbmus.  Dorsals  well  separated  ;  anal  loin;, 
beginning  under  posterior  end  of  first  dorsal ;  caudal  about  3  times  as  Lhii^ 
as   wide;   ppctori|)  '^j;   in  length  of  body,  the    base   more  than  3  in  tip 


length,  wilji  l7  (o  ih  rays  (1!)  rays  in    I  jiectoral  of  a  small  sj)ecimiii.   in 
in  the  other),  rminded,  the    lower   rays   rapidly   shortening;  veutrals  nf 
female  2  in  pectorals,  li  in  male;  tips  of  rays  exserted.     Color,  light  oli\' 
brown,  pale  btdow;  top  of  head  and  bai  k  with  minute  spots  and  sinnnn 
streaks  of  darker;  lower  Jaw  and  lower  edge  of  cheek  silver}';  pect(i.iil>^ 
dark,  with  a   broad   jiale  patch   below,  near  base,  and  a  broad  pale  tiji: 
ventr.ils  pale  Itl  both  sexes  (?);  rays  of  dorsals  dark;  caudal  dark;  pus 
terior  part  of  anal  dark,  as  in  15.  doiUcnvdroii.     Length  ti'.    inches.     Coa  I 
of  California  and  Olegui,  rallier  rare,  south  to  Monterey.     Here  described 
from  speiiuiens  from   (  oast  of  Oregon,   taken   in  24   fathoms.     (Ifa;.  in 
scrape;  drt'fjruy,  breast.) 


•  Dingiio.sis :  l!<«ly  inotleratcly  plongalo,  tii])(>riiig  iiiiilonidv  from  head  tocnmliil,  81iPili;il 
a  littU;  (liiprcsHsd  iiiitcrioily.  tlir  deptli  !i<  lia.^c  nl  imtIiimiI.s  |;  oI'  widtli.  tlm  latter  (^  in 
lon;;t)'i;  pi'olilc  of  lioiid  Mixl  .iiiniit  nearly  in  a  .siniiglil  line  with  baci^;  iie.id  Init  litilr 
tiiperiuu  lorwai'd,  4.J  in  Imdy  :  plates  in  dorsal  scries  li'i;  hetween  occiput  and  Iirst  doisiil 
Our";  hetweon  dorsMls  4  to  ti;  I'linn  \  t'litrals  to  iiiiiil  ahoiU  10  pairs.  One  barbel  at  li)' 'ii 
inaxillaiy :  nil'  nicinbraiies  Tree;  inediiin  rostral  jilate  waiitiiifr ;  nasal  siiiiies  siniill:  im 
su])raonila"  or  oecipitid  sjiimja.  (Jolor  light  olivo  browu,  pale  below;  niamiiblu  :iiiil 
lower  iiartol'  cheek  silvery. 


■r,^ 


H7H. 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     2043 


•t). 

0. 1,  11,1;  li'v- 

Nvidt'  iindoi"  Ih^i 
!•;    tiiil  stroiiji' 
H  proBont  1)11  II  I 
•sal  ;.:nl  voiitnil 
j'uiiiu;;-  opposite 
esof  thi^  lat«'r;;l 
rro  nrt'  several  , 
and  livHl   median 
.     IJreiist,  unlilve 
itli    iniiuiiicral)le 
)\ver  end  of  ba  c 
irani!    iiud    lllldi  r 
itrolateral    serii  s 
»;  2  or  3  spinous 
nuliUe  thai  of  " 
iead  tapering  bit 
derate,  nearly  <ii 
nteiorbital   spare 
I  ridges  but  littb 
all  sui)ras('apnl:ir 
oorbltiil,  1  on  snh- 
on  jueoperele;  H" 
erging  behind  tip 
nth  very  obl'.qn.  , 
ly  reaching  piiini. 

yrf-  _  ■ 

upeiiings  lln^;l 
ated;  anal  lon^ 
ut  3  times  as  Ihm; 
re  than  '3  i"  tli' 
tiiiill  specimen,  1?< 
ling;  veutrals  ut' 
C'ol(»r,  lightoliM 
spots  and  sinuniis 
silvery;  pec  to.  :i  Is 
a  broad  pale  tip: 
mdal  dark;  P"-^ 
Ij.i,    inclies.     Coii>t 
Here  deseribrd 
tboms.     (Ir&J.  '" 


ieadt«)cnu(lal,H  liP(lr;il 

wiilth.  Ww  lattfi-C.  Ill 

back;  lieail  l)nt  Iml.' 

)ccipul  and  first  (l((i>iil 

.    One  barltcl  at  tijMil 

lasal  HiiiiiiiS  Kiiiall;  w< 

below  i    luamiiblo  and 


lintcliyupsin  xijuKtenntn,  Jouoan  &  (Wliikut,  Pioc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mim.,  ui,  July  2,  1880,  152, 
Santa  Cruz,  California;  ((,'((11.  Dr.  C.  L.  Aiidursou);  Juudan  &,  Ou.iiERT,  SyuupHis, 
TJ7, 18«;i;  .loiiDAV,  Cat.  KIhIk's  N.  A.,  IKl,  \SH5. 

{iioiiiin  (liniehiiopnin)  aiuHi;  Sria.NOACii.VKH,  Iclitli.  licit  nice,  TX,  '_'r)4  (17),  j)l.  0,  l(gH.l,ln, 
ami  lb,  tjitzb.  tier  K.  Atail.  (Ill-  Wi.ss.,  Lxxxn,  Jiiiy  15, 1880,  San  Francisco,  California. 

763.  OCCA,  .loidn.'.  Si,  Evermann,  now  genus. 

(,■<■(/,  JoitDAN  iV  KviciJ.MAN.v,  HOW  goniis  (vfrfKciimoi). 

This  geniiH  ditVers  from  JirdchfiopniH  in  tlio  short  snont  which  is  not 
liibuhir,  and  is  ibrmod  as  in  SleUcrhia.  From  the  latter  genns  it  is  sepa- 
lated  by  the  lai,;e  plates  on  the  breast,  ami  by  tl  0  presence  of  at  least  a 
It  \v  teeMi  on  the  vomer  and  palatines.     North  I'acilie.     (occa,  a  harrow.) 

.(.  Anal  rays  10  to  12;  platva  of  belly  bluntly  siiinoii.s;  veutrals  pale.    veiuutco.'<a, '.'Wi. 
((((.  Ana!  rays  U  to  10;  plates  of  belly  nearly  smooth;   veutrals  dark. 

UODliLAKUUUN,  JIUJ. 

2402.  Ot  (  A  VF;imi;(;ONi'  (l.iieklngton). 

r.r.  (i;  I).  VII  to  IX-7  o|H;  A.  II  or  13  no  or  11,  Lockington);  V.  11  or 
1:.;  V.  ;{  (I,  2);  C.  I.  II,  1;  verlebra-  111 -)- Jl  .;;7  Dt?).  Pyloric  laca  6  (1 
iiidividnal) ;  lateral  lineot!  or  117.  Body  and  tail  depressed  thioiiglioiit,  the 
I'lrmer  rodiided  oeliigotnil,  the  faces  little  eonitiive;  eaiulal  pednncle  liex- 
a^onal,  shf/l'l,  with  about  7  median  dorsal  and  .5  or  (!  median  ventral  ])lates; 
(lie  sharp  enrved  spines  ix-tter  develope.i  than  in  <).  (lodccanlyon.  piesent 
nil  all  ridges  from  head  to  caudal,  except  2  or  15  jdates  of  medi.iii  ventral 
,M  lies  of  peduncle;  phites  of  median  lateral  (laler;il  line)  series  ];irge  and 
111  aring  sinail  spines  from  head  to  near  jiosteiior  end  of  second  dorsal;  1 
1)1  ,■)  pairs  of  jjlates  between  last  r.iy  ol  second  dorsal  and  first  median 
plate,  and  5  pairs  between  last  anal  ray  and  liist  median  plate;  about  18 
r;iirly  large  and  tubercnlated  ])lates  on  breast,  some  of  them  separated  by 
I  row  iiiterv;i)s  i\\  me'ubrane  with  imnieions  prickles.  IJraiichiostegiil 
■mlirane  naki)!  j/Osteriorly.  lender  side  of  mandible  ;ind  anterolateral 
iirts  of  braiic|jiosleg;il  membrane  with  minute  plates  or  jjiickles;  3  o?-  1 
;iioc  spinous  l^iiates  in  front  of,  and  a  number  ol  NHiall  i)lafes  and  prickles 
on  bas6  of  peclnr;il  tin;  the  ventrolateral  series  sejiarated,  from  ventr;ils 
111  ail V  to  J^nal,  bv  membrane  stinlded  with  (»  or  8  amall  striated  plates 
III  hind  and  11  few  around  vent;  the  latter  a  little  lai  liter  than  usual  from 
liase  (if  sciitrals  (as  in  n.  iloihcdcilroii).  Top  of  head,  dorsal,  .md  2  adja- 
ei  nf,  (itrba  ol'  body  granilliited;  sptice  behind  pi  ctoral  as  far  back  as  its  tip 
iiaki'd.  Head  depresscfl,  elongate,  broad  behind,  its  dejith  ^  of  its  width, 
11/'  l.itter  about  (!  in  length  of  body.  Oi  bits  large,  oval,  the  longitudinal 
(li;iiiieter  longer  than  ■■^noiit.  3.4  in  head,  liiterorbital  space  wide,  nearly 
al  to  Dibit,  flat  between  8Ui»raocular  ridges;  the  latter  spineless,  turning 
almost  at  Hgbt  angles,  forming  a  thin  saw-like  transverse  ridge  alo/ig 


Ml 

nil 
11 


ii|i 
mil 


Diiiguosirt:  Holly  iiioilnralelv  elf)in.'ate,  taperini;,  8  liedral,  ilejiie.s.seil :  ilc^ptb  aliinit  J 
«iilth,  the  latter  ()  in  lenjilh;  (leiiij  liroaij,  iniieh  depressed,  tapering  by  eonrn\e  oiilljiies 
til  a  blunt  .snout,  4g  in  lenglli  of  body,  j'liilea  Jli  dorsal  series  :!.')  or  I.tii;  b  'tween  oeeipiit 
ami  ilrst  'lorsal,  7;  between  dor.sals,  t:  in.-ii  ventnil  to  anal,  1"  or  11  pai  s.  One  barbel 
al  li|i(d'i)aeh  uiaxillary;  k"'  iueinbr;i/ies  united,  free  noiii  i«(linMis.  .\lediiin  rostial  plate 
"iiitltiK:  pa.siil  .snines  uilnijte:  nil  supnnicular  or  oeeipilal  spi/jes.  Ulivacuoiis,  banded 
"illi  diltlit'l:;  |/fc|L'fpj'alH  wUk  ii  Of  i  black  areas. 


l1 

li 


% 

li 


¥i  '  i  i 


'J 


M 


2()lrl         Bullet  in  //,  United  States  National  Museum, 


]K»8teri()rl)(irtlrr  oCorliit;  otcipital  ridjies  spiiielcHs,  tniiptiral  ridgo  bruk.n 
iuto  L'  or  W  tiilMT*;l()s,  s«>iii«tiiiiUH  ciidiii<;'  in  ii  sniiill  8ii]>riiH('ii])u]ur  upiiii  . 
Chot'lvH  ut'iiily  vertical,  tbo  suborbitul  ridjje  but  sliglitly  doveloi»ed;  ii.sa 
ally  a  spine  at  l«>\v«'r  border  of  orbit,  !{  or  l  Hiuall  ones  on  inferior  bonlr 
of  ])reorbitai,  a  iiiodcrate  one  on  Hiiborbital,  a  ratbor  large  one,  audbeiie;ii|| 
it,  a. smaller  one  on  the  jjreoperele;  3  or  1  moderately  developed  plates,  or  is 
many  sinalier  ones  with  iinnieroiis  minute  plates  or  2>i'><'l^l*^)Ht  on  chei  k 
below  ridge;  nasal  spines  iiiiuuto,  converging  behinil  maxillary  ])edi(ii  -i; 
median  ro'-tral  ]date  absent.  Month  obli(|ne,  a  little  less  80  than  in  o. 
i\mUva\h\fon,\\w  lower  Jaw  protruding;  nnixillary  reaches  to  opposite  IVmit 
of  pupil.  Teeth  present  on  jaws,  few  and  small  on  vomer,  few  or  none  (in 
palatines.  One  barbel  at  tip  «»f  each  maxillary.  Dorsals  long,  moderati  1\ 
sejtarated;  anal  long,  beginning  under  posterior  <'nd  of  first  dorsal;  peco- 
rals  \\i  in  length  of  body,  their  width  at  base  IJ  in  their  length,  are  round. d, 
the  lowernu)st  rays  rapidly  shortening;  veutrals  of  female  a  little  less  tlmn 
2  in  ]»ectt>rals,  those  of  male  much  longer,  reaching  beyond  frtmt  of  aiml, 
longer  than  jtectorals;  the  m<'mbran<i  bioad.  Caudal  H  times  as  long  ,is 
wide  at  base.  Color  dark  grayish  or  brownish,  pale  below;  the  yoinin 
with  distinct  cross  l>ars.  a  broad  one  in  front  of  first  dorsal,  1  under  ilic 
front  end  and  1  beliind  middle  of  lirst  dorsal,  1  l»etween  dorsals,  1  umli  i 
second  dorsal,  and  2  on  jjednncle;  bars  in<listinct  in  adults;  dorsals  du>ky, 
faintly  barred  with  darker,  caudal  dark;  anal  dark  on  membrane,  wlnli- 
edged  (dark  only  on  jiosterior  end  in  young,  as  in  ().  (Jochail'dron) ;  pet  to- 
rals  washed  with  orange,  2  dark  blotches  near  l)a8(!,  the  terminal  i):iit 
with2  (sometimes  conllueiit)  or  1  large  dark  itatch  (these  patches  in  iIk; 
young  ajjpeariug  as  partially  conlluent  bars,  more  likt^  (>.  t1o(h  card  ran); 
veutrals  of  femahi  pale,  of  male  bright  orange  yellow,  with  a  large  bl.ick 
spot  inside  of  lirst  ray  and  2  small  ones  at  tii».  Length  8  inches.  (Oisi 
of  California  and  Oregon,  south  to  San  Francisco,  in  11  to  3(5  fatliuiiis. 
Here  described  from  specimens  from  off  the  Oregon  coast,  (rcrriicosiin, 
warty. ) 

linichiiojixi'i  rernicomin.  LocklNtiTdN,  I'roc.  I'.  S.  "Nut.  Aliis..ni.  Miiy  (>,  1880,  (W,  Drakes 
Bay,  near  San  Francisco,  California;  .louiiAX  iV  (Jiliikkt,  Synopsis.  7L'(!,  1883;  .Inu. 
DAN,  Cat.  Kisli.'s  N.  A.,  114,  1885. 

Auoinm  (Hiaclii/oji.si.1}  biirkaiii.  Sieinmacii.nkh,  Ichtli.  lU'ilriixtMX, 'J'Ki  (10),  1(1.5,  Sitzlp.dir 
k.  A k ad.  dor  AViss.,  Lxxxii,  Jiil.v  15. 1880,  San  Francisco,  California. 

2403.  0<(A  IMHIKtAKDBOX*  (Tilesiim). 

15r.  0;  1).  IX  or  X,7  or  8;  A.  M  to  16;  P.  M  or  1.5;  Y.3  (1,2);  C.  1,11.  1: 
vertebra-  13  +  26--=;{9.  Pyloric  (iec.-i  ,5  (1  individual).  Lateral  line  wiili 
37  or  38  poras.  15ody  as  far  as  middle  of  first  dorsal  depressed,  beconihi.; 
gradually  compresse<'  behind.     Caudal  peduncle  short,  5  to  7  dorsal  ;i!iil 


*  Diiijinosis :  Rndy  inodoratcly  clongiitfl,  tiiperinjr  nearly  uiiif'-inily  from  lu'iid  to  (mikimI, 
dtiprt'8»i'(l,  8-liedral;  jMHliinclo  C-hedral,  coinpressed  j)o»ieriorl,v;  m-ptli  <>i  body  :|  of  widili. 
the  l^ttiT  at  base  of  pectorals  0  in  Itinjjtli.  Head  broad,  much  deprcfsed,  4.j.  I'latcs  in 
tlorsal  scries  40;  between  oecii)Uf  and  lirst  dorHal  8  or  9;  between  dorsals  U  to'i;  Irnin 
ventrals  to  aual  1^  to  15  pairs.  One  barbel  at  tip  of  each  maxillary  ;  nJH  nienibraiies  In  r. 
Meifiaii  rosti-al  ]>lale  wanting:  na.sal  sjiines  minute,  usiiall.v  absent;  no  sui»i'aoeiil;ir  nr 
o((;Jl)i)al  sj.ines.  ISrowuish  olivaceous,  with  several  iudi.stinct  cross  bars;  dorsal  mis 
with  2  black  bars. 


Jordan  and  Evcrnia>nu — Fishes  of  North  America,     204.") 


;  (>!■ 


)W :  tho  voMii 


G),  111.  r».  sit/.ii.iii  I 


mil 


I  vontriil  inotlinii  plates,  coinprcssod,  lievajioiial.  Slioit  lilimt  spines 
•-^oiit  on  the  doisolateral  series  from  a  little  in  IVoiit  ol"  lirst  dorsal  to 
hilo    of  seeotitl    dorsal,   none  on  iniMliaii    dorsal    plates  of  pediinele; 


Hliarpcr spines  on  tlie  snpeiior  lateral  series  from  near  head  to  near  eainlal ; 
tin  very  low  ridj^is  of  the  inferior  lateral  and  ventrolateral  series  hear  a 
li  v  spines  near  middle  of  hody ;  plates  of  the  median  lateral  (lateral 
liiH  )  series  nearly  as  larye  as  those  of  the  adjoininfjf  series,  tihont  a  do/en 
(it  the  most  anterior  hearini*  small  spines;  5  or  0  pairs  ^^i  ])lates  l»etween 
\\\>\  ray  of  seeonil  ilorsal  and  tirst  median  plate,  ami  ahont  5  paiis  lietwi-en 
l;i>i  anal  layaml  lirst  median  jilate;  a  strong  sininins  rid;;e  of  ]»]ates  from 
lower  end  of  hase  of  jieetoral  to  istlunns;  asnniU  median  lid^ieon  hreast, 
(iC  J  small  plates  lu  front  of  bases  of  ventrals,  fidlowed  anteriorly  hy  a. 
niiilian   series  of  3  or   1   lar;>('r  single  jilates;  between  this  and  the  edji;e 


tl 


ill 


K  lireast  is  covered  with  small,  thin,  distinct  plates  with  nnmerons  smal 
tuii.icles  interspersed;  the  hranehiostej^al  membrane  postericnly  and 
iiK'iially  and  anterolaterally  covenMl  with  small  plates  and  ])riekles; 
wimle  nnderside  of  msmdible  with  small  plates  and  some  ])rickles  or 
mill  rcles;  4  or  5  large  jtlates  in  front  of,  and  a  niiml)er  of  minute  plates 
111' |irickles  on  base  of  pe<toral  tin.  Membrane  behind  ami  around  vent 
mill  lietween  vent  and  ventrals  with  a  variable  number  of  small  plates, 
lint  mostly  with  niinierons  prickles  or  tnherdes.  Vent  a  little  farther 
it'iiiiived  from  Itase  of  ventrals  than  usual  in  the  Agonoids.  An  (dongate 
tiiiiiigiilar  space  behind  pectoral,  l»etw<'en  the  inferior  and  ventrolateral 
^1  riis,  naked.  Top  of  head,  median  dorsal,  and  2  adjacent  faces  of  Itody 
^iiiiMilated.  Head  iiiiieh  dei)ressed,  broad  behind,  tapering,  its  (h'pth  :■{ 
lis  width,  the  latter  about  ^■>  in  length  of  body.  Orbits  small,  ?iearly  eir- 
ciihir,  the  longitudinal  diameter  a  little  more  than  1  in  head;  interorbital 
space  concave,  wide,  e(|nal  to  snout,  nearly  e([iial  to  orbit;  supraocular, 
nil  ipital,  aiMl  tein])oral  ridges  low,  8pin<d<ss;  (heeks  nearly  vortical,  snb- 
orliital  ridge  hardly  developed,  spineless;  a  large,  heavy  tiiberehi  (»r 
spine  projecting  from  preoper<le  at  an  angle  of  45  ;  ludow  this  1  or  2 
ilat  small  ones;  no  plates  on  cheeks;  month  very  oblique,  maxillary 
roarhing  front  of  pupil;  teeth  in  hands  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines. 
Ddisals  long,  their  membranes  sometimes  continiions;  anal  very  long, 
lii'uiiining  a  little  behind  middle  of  lirst  dorsal;  pectorals  a  little  more 
than  4  in  length  of  body,  their  base  3.1  in  their  length,  with  14  or  15 
i;Ta(iiiat<'d  rays  (a  few  of  the  ii])permost  shorter);  ventrals  of  female 
about  ,',,-  those  of  male;  the  latter  less  than  2  in  pectorals,  about  [,  of 
head  ;  caudal  3  times  as  long  as  wide  at  base.  Color  brownish  olivace<nis, 
pall'  below;  a  mncli-interriipted,  indefinite  dark  band  fnmi  angle  of 
iiioiitii,  under  orbit,  across  preopercles,  above  pectorals,  and  along  lateral 
line;  a  fe\  'iidistinct  cross  bars  on  back;  dorsals  with  a  broad  dark  band 
along  the  edg^^  and  a  parallel  ontf  across  the  miihlle,  otherwise  white; 
lanhil  dusky;  anal  dusky  near  the  posterior  end;  pectorals  transversely 
liaiii'd  by  about  G  series  of  black  points  or  short  streaks  ou  rays;  ventrals 
prli  in  female,  the  membrane  blac''  in  male;  head  and  lips  with  nnmer- 
iiiis  minute  black  spots  and  streaks.     North  Ta<ilie,  Kamchatka,  so.ith  to 

liiistnl    15ay,   coast   of  Alaska,   in    10   to    15   fathoms.     (Gilbert.)     Here 


204(i  Biillvtin  /7,  Uuihd  States  National  }ruseiim. 


<lf'.scril)o»l  from  sjiciiiiu'iis  from  ISristol  Hiiy,  (i^MfifHarfifjof,  hiiviiif,'  ij 
NurCiUiCH  or  wiih^K. ) 
On  these  HjxicinuMis  Dr.  (Jillicrt  luis  the  followiii^j  notes : 
''  A  few  Hj)tM-inienH  taken  in  IJrislol  May  in  I A  to  1 1  fathoms.  Ii.  'lalos  tlio 
colors  are  niiicli  brighter  tlian  in  females,  roealiinju  (>.  vernKosu.  ri;,. 
bars  ou  dorsal  lina  are,  in  males,  intense  lilack  and  liri;>ht  white,  insti  ;i(| 
of  oliv*^  brown  iind  whitish  as  in  i'emales;  males  show  also  a  hiryer  bl.n  |> 
patch  on  last  anal  rays,  and  have  the  interradial  membrane  of  ventral  p  i- 
black ;  in  none  of  onr  si)eeimens  does  the  caudal  lin  show  transverse  lims 
of  brown  points,  as  deseribed  by  Cuvier;  in  both  males  and  females  ilic 
caudal  is  dusky  or  black,  the  median  rays  lijjliter,  the  outer  ones  wliic. 
]).  IX  or  X,  7  or  S;  A.  11  to  10."     {fiiol^F.ua,  twehe;  '/Spa,  surface,  sid(>  ) 

AflonuHdodi'eaidro)),  Tii.ksids,  ^^(•nl.  Ac  ii<l.  PcsIiihIi.,  iv,  pi.  Ill,  1810,  Kamchatka  ((;<>11.\\   T 

■rilcsius);  (ICxTlu-.li.Ciil..  U.  214,  18(10. 
VlinlanijinteK  luriratux,  I'ai.i.as.  /ooj;.  Uosso-Asial.,  ui,  114,  tnl'.  10, 181 1,  Kamchatka. 
Agjiiilnplionis  iliKliriK'il ni>i,  CVVIKM  \  Vai.k\(MKNNi:s,  Mist.  Nul.  INtiHS,.  iv,  209,  18'J9. 
Jlrarhi/ojimn  (todecavdi-ut,  Jokdan  \-  (iu.iiEUT,  SyiiopBi-s,  72U,  1883. 


ig      ! 


764.  BRACHYOPSIS,  Gill. 

llrnehiinpniii,  Gu,T„  Troc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  I'liila.,  xm,  1861, 1('«7,  'JnO  (rdilrntim). 
.Siy»/i(r.'/o//".v,  STKi.SDACiiNiiR,  Iclilh.  licit liij't'.  V,  140,  Sit/.b.  Acail.  Wiss.  Wieii,  i.xxiv,  ,liily. 
ISTC)  {nciinliriisis). 

l'>ody  moderately  elongate,  ta])orinf?  nearly  uniformly  from  head  to  < mi 
dal ;  depressed,  8-hedral  ((i-hedral  on  jjcduncle);  depth  about  H,  wiilili 
about (5  in  length;  he.id  broad,  dei)ressed,  about  l.i  to 5  in  standard  leiinih. 
Snout  loufj,  almost  tubular,  beariuj;  the  short  jaws  at  the  end.  I'lat(  s  in 
dorsal  series  about  'My  to  10  ormon^;  a  barbel  at  tip  of  each  maxilln  \ ; 
median  rostral  ]tlate  none;  nasal  spines  minute  or  abstnit;  sujjraoc  iilm 
and  occipital  8i)!nes  none;  gill  membranes  united,  free  fronj  isthmus;  iinnl 
tin  long,  with  \2  or  115  lays,  tlist  dors.il  usually  long;  mouth  oblii|iic, 
lower  Jaw  proJc<!ting;  teeth  ])r(seut  ou  ,|aw8,  vomer,  and  palatines;  ;it 
least  some  of  the  plates  on  body  8i)iuous;  plates  on  lireast  usually  witii 
interspersed  small  prickles  or  tubercles,     {/jfjaxi'c,  short;  o^;/?,  face.) 

a.  Anal  rays  II!;  dorsal   .si)iiii'.s  8;    Ixxly  Ciwilbnii,  lii-oad  -it    the  breast,  tlio  (ail  \ii\ 
slender.  Itosi'liATls,  .'|ii( 

((((    Anal  r.iys  I'J;  body  Hlendcr;  eye  beliind  middle  at'  liend :  'J  s|iines  nn  Hiiborbltal. 

SKdAI.IEXSlS,  ■JIO.'.. 

240t.  iniAniVOPSIS  UOSrU.iTIIS*   (lilesins). 

Br.  fi;  D  VIII,  8;    A.  1:5;  CIO;   IMI;  V,  I.  2.     Body  more  elongate  tlinn 
in  Af/oiiiis  citlaphracius,  tin;  tail  very  slemler,  the  body  distinctl.v  fusilniin, 


*  Diatinosis.  Later.'il  line  1(6.  i'ody  more  Cnsiforni  ih^iii  in  oilier  sjieeies  of  lliis  ;;eiiii- 
voi'y  robust  in  Ironl  ol  llie  middle,  (apeiinj:  to  lln  slender  tail.  Head  trian^iulai' ;iiiil 
pojiited,  as  seen  Imm  above,  tlie  mouth  ([oite  narrow;  eyes  small,  well  forward;  ImikI 
»!oiisider;'.bly  il('|iieswd.  snout  williout  spine:  a  short  lia|i  at  anjjle  oCmoulh;  sealo  mil 
very  ron;;li  u'l'  membianes  IVe«<  frmn  i>thmus;  velitrals  (piite  sIkhI  ;  breast  wilii  a 
median  row  of  raised  eon\  ex  jilati-s;  a  I'ow  ol'  similar  plates  boiileriii};  edjie  of  jjill  o|M'1i 
inir.  the  three  series  Innni  k  a /1\sliai>Hd  ti;:ur(\  the  iiitersliees  tilled  with  very  siii;ill 
plates.  This  diagnosis  IVoiil  I?eiin;i'  >e;i  specimeim  obtained  by  Dr.  Hean.  (Jorihiii  \ 
(iilbirl  1 


II  m. 


Jordan  and  Everniann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2047 


{/3o?,  hnviii^  IJ 


8.       In     'inlC'8  tllO 

rerriKoxo,  The 
t,  white,  insti  ;iil 
o  a  liii'K^T  1>1;m  Iv 
o  of  venti-iil  pt- 

triinHxcirso  lim  is 
ami  I'lUiialcs  tin' 
iit«r  ones  wliiic. 

SUlfiU'C,  Hi(l«'    ) 

nchatka(Coll.\\    T 

Kamchatka. 

,  iv,2(t9,  18'J9. 


tl(X). 

1.  Wien,  lAXiv,  .liilv, 


rom  hoad  <•>  i  mh 

1  about  H,  wiilili 

standard  lenuili. 

o  end.     Plates  in 

■  each  iiiiixill:ii  v; 

nt;    sn])rai)(iil:ir 

Ml  isthmus;  iimil 

niiiuth  ol)lii|iie, 

nd  palatines;   ;it 

ist  usually  with 

;   nt/.u^,  I'ac'o.) 

iviist,   tin)  tail  viiv 

KOSTliA'lTS,  _'lii| 

I's  (III  HiilHirliit:il. 

SK.d.M.IENSIS,  L'lO'i. 


iro  olouf^atc  IIimii 
stinctlv  fusiroiiii. 


IiericH  of  tliis  ;;ciin> 
Ile:iil  triiMi;;nliir  :niil 
.  well  forwiird ;  luMcl 
if  iiioiil  li ;  scale-  iiiil 
KHi  ;  Id-cast.  Willi  :i 
i;:  cil;;c  of  ^iill  <'|itii 
Icil  witli  viM'V  smimII 
I-.    r.i^aii.     (ildrilini  .v 


widest  between  pentoralH;  mouth  short  ohliqiie,  the  maxillary  not  renchiuf^ 
to  below  eye;  profile  Htrai;;ht,  cranium  thit  abov<!,  the  eyes  (irominent;  no 
^|)iIles  on  tlie  orbit;  preopendo  with  ',i  spines  ou  its  vertical  inarjrin;  li 
Dii  the  iow(!r  bonier  of  the  larye  suborbital ;  trunk  K-anji;led  ;  tail  (!-anf;led. 
riates  more  uumeroiis  than  in  Ai/onitH,  10  on  (>aeh  upper  range  from  nape 
to  point  of  their  union  ;  numberH  in  the  otlier  rows  in  proportion ;  np|)cr 
series  with  tlieir  ritlges  rather  sharp,  lower  with  obtuse  ridj^es;  2  series 
of  abdomen  separtited  by  dilataltle  sltin;  no  barbels  on  gill  moml»raneH. 
I'eetoralH  longer  and  dorsals  farther  ba«d\  than  in  <).  dodrcardron  or  rodolln- 
<iiH  acipiiimrhnis,  Lower  rays  of  pectoral  larger  than  the  others;  anal 
longer  tlian  second  dorsal,  beginning  under  midtlle  of  first  dorsal;  leugtli 
It)  inelu's.  (Tilesiiis,  a8(|Uoted  by  Cnvier  »fe  Valenciennes.)  The  ligure  of 
IMIesins  shows  a  tubular  eoni]»re88od  snout,  witli  the  short  mouth  at  the 
end  and  a  very  wide  back,  mesially  concave.  Speeimens  from  I'etropaul- 
ski  have  the  eye  2!  iii  snout;  mandible  24  inh  jkI;  maxillary  IV  ;  snout!}; 
pectoral  nearly  as  long  as  head;  breast  with  large  plates  in  3  dividing 
rows,  with  smaller  ones  between.  Tail  v«'ry  slender,  not  spinous;  body 
1  hubby,  the  greatest  width  2J,  greatest  depth  2^  in  head;  head  nearly  5 
ill  body.  Scales  44.  Teeth  minute.  The  species  is  iuterniediate  in  form 
between  Ovra  dodeoavdroii  and  PaUimiia  harhala.  Several  specdmens  from 
Sliaiia  Hay,  Ituru])  Island,  show  the  following  characters:  Dorsal  face 
wider  than  in  either  and  deeidy  concave;  snout  elongate,  (lepressed,  its 
width  tiiken  at  middle  of  its  length  A  greater  than  its  de])th  iit  same  point, 
iiid  A  its  length,  measured  from  tip  of  lower  Jaw;  lower  Jaw  much  longer 
I  ban  upper,  the  synii)hysi8  «'ntering  upper  ]»iolile  of  snout,  vertically  fur- 
rowed at  tij);  maxillary  not  reaching  orbit,  4  in  hea<l;  pieorbital  elongate, 
with  a  lengthwise  ridge  which  divides  anteriorly,  the  branches  not  ter- 
iniuatiug  in  8])ines,  the  edge  of  preorbital  entire;  anterior  nostril  in  a 
sii(u-t  tube.  Teeth  all  minute,  ]»i'escnt  on  jaws  and  vomer,  oiten  absent 
nil  palatines,  sometimes  present  iu  a  small  patch  on  extreme  anterior  end. 
Suborbital  stay  without  sjiiiie,  forming  a  gibbous  striated  prottibcranc<» 
nil  middle  of  cheek,  b«it\veeii  which  and  the  horizontal  edge  of  preojienle 
is  a  series  of  three  or  four  small  plates;  2  strong  diverging  spines  at 
angle  of  preopcrcle;  io  shorter  spine  below  them;  orbital  margins  ele- 
vated superiorly  and  jiosteriorly  ;  interorbital  sptice  very  narrow,  grooved 
and  loiigitiuiiually  striated,  its  width  etiualling  k  diameter  of  orbit,  which 
is  t)  in  head;  no  spines  on  to])  of  head,  the  ridges  low  and  rounded. 
Head  4 if  to  4§  in  length;  width  of  body  81,  to  8A ;  length  of  caudal  i>ed- 
iinelo  I5i  to  4.  Hody  anteriorly  liex:igoiial,  the  iijijier  lateral  lidge  becom- 
ing obselete  imniediatily  in  trout  of  spinous  <lorsal;  lower  lateral  ridges 
also  becoming  rounded  and  obs(descent  anteriorly;  dorsal  face  widening 
rapidly  from  occiput  to  front  of  8i)inoiis  dorsal  where  its  width  equals 
snout;  it  gradually  narrows  ])osteriorly,  the  dorsal  ridges  lieeoming  con- 
llneut  at  a  jioiiit  much  nearer  base  of  caudal  than  end  of  s«'eond  dorsal; 
\entral  ridges  spineless,  the  lateral  ridges  with  short  spinous  points,  often 
ilistinguisliable  witii  ditliculty;  dorsal  acrii's  anteriorly  with  stronger 
spines  which  rapidly  diiniiiisli  postei  ioriy ;  branchiostegal  and  gular 
uiembraues  without  plates;  plates  on  body  without  the  luiuute  prickles 


1| 


p , 


2048         DnJlctin  ^7,  Uuiled  Stales  National  Museum. 


Is* 


I:  I 


f  ^ 


•3 


HO  chariK'tt^riHtic  of  Ocva  vnriioom  nnd  O,  dodrcardrou ;  breast  covered  wllli 
]>oly)r()UuI  pliitt-H,  II  H<;ri(!H  rieviitud  to  i'oriii  a  iiitMliiin  ridge,  the  marginal 
jdati's  alHo  ]iroiiiin<-nt ;  ])r(>])u<'toral  area  wulo,  with  4  prominent  platen, 
tlir  up)MM'nioHt  hearing  a  niiort  Hpiiie  poHti-riorly ;  in  the  dornal  Heries  ol 
platcH,  10  lir  in  advanru  of  lirut  ilorHul,  11  between  orlgiiiH  of  iirnt  and 
Hecond  dorHals,  !>  or  10  along  haHc  of  second  dorsal,  0  to  0  between  second 
dorsal  and  the  point  of  continence  of  the  dorsal  series,  and  fy  to  7  between 
the  latter  point  and  base  of  candal;  total  nnnilicr  of  plates  in  dorsiil 
series  48  to  45,  in  (>  s])cciniens  examined.  Pectorals  long  and  narrow,  1  j  in 
head;  dorsal  with  H  (rarely  5t)  spines  and  H  soft  rays;  anal  witli  IH  (rarely 
14)  rays;  p<'Ctoral  witli  14  rays.  Color  dnsky  abov*-,  marked  with  small 
black  spots  and  lines;  white  below,  growing  dusky  posteriorly;  caudal 
blackish;  ventrals  white;  anal  white,  with  the  last  rays  dusky;  dorsals 
and  pectorals  with  the  rays  tinely  dotted  with  black.  North  Pacific, 
recorded  from  Waghalicn,  (iulf  of  Auiva,  Petropaulski,  and  the  Kuiil 
Islands.  (j'08/ra/H«,  pertaining  to  the  roHlntm  or  snout;  "not  because  it 
has  a  beak,  but  because  its  head  and  snout  are  more  contracted  than  in 
the  others.'') 

Ayonng  rontratnn,  Tn.ESU's,  M6in.  Acad.  Petorsb.,  iv,   1810,  i>l.  14,  Saghalten,  Gulf  of 

Aniva.     (Coll.  TilesliiH.) 
rhalanyinti's  fvni/ormiii,  Pai.i.AS,  Zoitg.  KossoAsiat.,  iii,  110,  1811,  Saghalien,  Gulf  of 

Aniva;  Kuril  Islands.    (Coll.  Stellt-r  &  Murk.) 
Agoiivt  roifratug,  (U-NTnEK,  Cat.,  n,  214, 18C0. 

Axpidiiphorvii  roitratii^,  CrviKii  &,  Vai.encien.nes,  Hist.  Xat.  PoiHs.,  iv,  2iJ,  1820. 
Jtraclnj(>p»i.i  rostratus,  JouUAN  \-  UlLiiEUT,  Syiioiisis,  726,  1883;  Juki>an,  Cat.  FiMbea  N. 

A.,  li:t,  1885.  * 

2405.  BIUCIIYOrSIS  NEOALIENSIS  (Tilcsius). 

D.VII,8;  A.  12;  C.  10;  P.  14;  V.  I,  2.  Form  resembling  Brachifopm 
roKtratuK,  but  the  tail  shorter ;  body  depressed ;  eye  behind  middle  of  head ; 
2  spines  on  suborbital,  and  some  others  about  eyes;  dorsals  coutiguous; 
anal  longer  than  second  dorsal;  pectorals  large;  no  barbels  under  thi'oat; 
gill  membranes  .and  barbels  at  chin  uiulescribed,  jtrobably  as  in  Urachji- 
opsia  ro&lratiiH,  Yellowish  brown;  tins  with  black  bands.  Length  7 
inches.  Island  of  .Saghaliou.  (Cuvier  Sl  Valenciennes.)  Not  seen  by 
recent  writers.     (Name  from  .Saghalien.) 

Syngnatlms  Bf<nilinwin.  Tilksrs,  Miin.  Soo.  Imp.  Nat.  dt^  Moscow,  u, 216, pi.  14, 1810,  Bay  of 

Patience,  Saghalien.     (Coll.  KruHfnstcrn.) 
Siphaiiiimts  si'ijaUiiiuin.  SrKiND.^ouNHU,  Iciitli.  Heitriige,  v,  140,  and  Sit7.1>.  dor  k.Acad.  der 

AVis8.,LXXlv.,1870;  .Ioudan  i!k:  (Ju.llKKT,  Synopsis,  72;!,  1S8,3. 
Agonus  Iwviijatiity  Tii.SisiUS,  Mi'in.  Acad.  IVtersb.,  IV, 4:te,  1810,  Saghalien;  ('I'VUiU  &,  Va- 

I.KNCIKNNKS,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  IV,  214, 1829. 
Phalanyistes  Iceinyattm,  Pai.las,  Zooj;.  llosso-Asint.,  in,  116, 1811. 

765.  PALLASINA,*  Cramer. 
PaUasina,  Chameb,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  SI.")  (harhata). 

Form  of  Siivgnathiia  or  Siphoitonui;  body  slender,  depressed;  4-hcdral 
anteriorly,  8-hedral  under  dorsals ;  6-hedral  on  peduncle;  snout  produced 

*  TIic  iioims  Sljihaiiiiinin,  Steindaclincr,  was  expressly  based  on  Agoiiun  it'i/alieiiKis.  'J'lic 
iiaiue  cau  nut  bu  usud  t'ur  this  group. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2040 


■ovcreil  ■\vitli 
\w  marginal 
iient  pliites, 
Sill  Heries  «il 
of  lirst  and 
ween  second 
to  7  lietweni 
IcH  in  «lorsal 
narrow,  \\  in 
itli  13  (nurlv 
1(1  with  BJiiall 
iorly;  caiulal 
iisky;  (lorHals 
lorth  I'atilic, 
nd  the  Kuril 
lot  because  it 
ftcti'd  than  in 

ghalien,  Gulf  of 
ighalien,  Gulf  of 


1 2, 1820. 

N,  Cat.  FisboB  N. 


g  JimehyopsiH 
idtlle  of  head ; 
H  contiguous ; 
under  throat; 
as  in  ISrachji- 
IH.  Length  7 
Not  seen  by 

,])1.  lJ,1810,Bayof 
il.r  k.  Acad,  dor 
:n;  ('uvncii  Jt  Va- 


'essed;  4-hodral 
snout  produced 


ill  a  tube;  lower  .jaw  projecting  beyond  upper,  tiiniod  upward  at  tip,  a 
long  barbel  at  the  symphysis;  teetti  on  Jaws  and  vomer,  a  single  row  on 
|)al)itine8;  gill  membranes  free  from  isthmus,  united;  both  dorsals  present; 
\entrals  very  short;  jdatesof  body  sliglitly  l<eelod,  without  spines;  verte- 
iua'  about  1.').  (Named  lor  I'etnis  Siuutn  Pallas,  naturalist  and  explorer, 
t  lie  accomplished  author  of  Zoogra()hia  Rosso- Asiatica,  1811.) 


(/.  'rhri'o  iilales  In  front  ol  vcnlriilM;  linrhcl  long. 
iia.  Two  plutvH  in  front  nf  vontriilH;  Imrbol  nhort. 

am.  l>ALIiA^il.^A  ltAltl(ATA(St)Mn(1.ic1incr). 


IIARRATA,  240(1. 
AIX,2407. 


untt'liaueiixu. 


Tlif 


Wr.r,;  D.  VI  to  IX, 7;  A.  l»tolL>;  V.  12;  V.:}(I,2);  C.  11;  lateral  line  1.5 
<>r  1(5;  vertebiic  l.">-j- 80=:|,'').    Pyloric  ca-ca  fi  (1  individual).    IJody  slightly 
ilepn-ssed  in  front,  (lejitli  at  base  of  pectorals  {*  ur   7  of  wi<llli,  slender, 
width  about  11  in  length.     Hidges  of  tlu^  (h)r8o  and  ventro  lateral  series 
strong,  the  dorsal  ."ind  lateral  lialvesof  tlie  plates  form  a  riglit  angle;  no 
lidgc  on  the  inferior  lateral  row  and  tlie  plates  of  the  superior  lateral  row 
aliseut  anteriorly,  so  that  the  body  is  l-hedral  in  front  of  first  dorsal,  with 
dnrsal  and  ventral  faces  Hat  or  a  little  C(uicavo  and  the  lateral  convex. 
I'lider  first  dorsal,  the  sujierior  lateiiil  series  begins  with  keeled  pl.-ites,  the 
I  idge  of  the  inferior  lateral  series  becoming  more  prominent,  so  that  under 
the  dorsals  the  body  is  8-hedral;  dorsal  !ind  ventral  faces  grooved,  and 
depth    equaling  length.     Caiuial    ]tediinclo    strongly    depressed,   nearly 
l-hedral  (median  dorsal  and  ventral  ridges  extremely  low);   15  or  16  plates 
in  the  dorsal  series,  4  pairs  between  dorsals,  12  to  13  pairs  from  veiitrals 
to  anal,  5  to  i)  paiis  between  last  ray  of  s(>cond  dorsal  and  lirst  median 
ventral  plate;  3  or  1  large  plates  in  a  median  longitiidiiiiil  row  on  breast, 
Avitli  about  1  row  of  4  or  5  small  ones  between  it  and  the  series  forming 
I  ho  edge  of  breast;  plates  radially  striated  and  a  little  elevated  a^  the 
center;  none  h<'tweeu  ventrals  and  vent.     Membrane  behind  vent  without 
l)lates  (or  as  many  sis  Ifl,  Steinda(diner's  excellent  ligiire).     liianchiostegal 
iiieinbraue  naked  posteriorly,  2  01  3  i)lates  antendateially.     Narrow  nude 
surface  of  lower  jaw  with  a  series  of  several  jilates;  2  or  3  plates  in  front 
iif  pectoral.     Hciid  very  long  iind  narrow,  gently  tapering,  nearly  as  high 
■  IS  wide.     Orbits  nearly  circular,  the  longitudinal  diameter  about  5^   in 
head  and  2  in  snout.     Inti'rorbital  sp.ice  moderately  concave,  nearly  2  in 
orbit.     Supraocular    ridges  moderate,  occipit.il  ridges  scarcely  delined, 
triiiporal  ridges  moderate,  all  s]»ineless;  no  suborbital  ridge;  suborbital 
liniie  s])iiitdess;  a  sharp  spine  at  posterior  angle  of  preoperde  and  2  smaller 
Hat  ones  b»dow  this;  a  longitudinal  series  of  4  or  Spo.iily  developed  plates 
(Ml  lower  part  of  cheek,  'letween  the  long  horizontal  limb  of  preopercle 
and  orbit.     Snout  long,  tt'bulai,  about  2.4  in  head.     Prontal  bones  much 
(  lougatcdforwai'd,  an  additional  bony  plate  in  front  of  preorbitaland  over- 
hanging the  maxillary;  se\fral  small  plates  in  membranaceous  interval 
lietwecn    pieorbital    and    frontal   in   front  of    orbit.      Posterior    inferior 
nngh'  of  maxillary  produeiMl  backward,  reaching  a  little  more  than  halt- 
way   to   orbit.     Median  rostral  plate  absent.     Lower  Jaw  long,   curved 
upward  in  front,  projecting  beyond  the  upper  and  entering  profile;  mouth 
oblique.     Teeth  in  narrow  bauils  on  Jaws  and  vomer,  about  1  row  on  pal- 


flf- 


L'OfiO         Ihdlitin  /7,  Unikd  Slaks  National  Museum. 


;i 


atiiirB  (Strhuliirliii)  r  uiipiiDMitly  hjiw  ii(>ih>  on  palatiiifN).  A  siii){lo  hm - 
li(!l  of  viiriiililt'  length  (Hoini-timi>H  twice  im  loii^  as,  Noin<-tiinrs  Ichh  than 
diuiiifttii' of  orliit)  at  ti|i  of  lower  Jaw.  (iill  iiK'inlMaiiiH  iiiiiti'il  Imhiml, 
IViM^  from  iHtliiniiH.  First  tloisal  with  VI  pairs  of  platHH  botwcni  it  ami 
the  occiput;  anal  h'lig,  iir^rinnin.!;  iintler  mi<l<lli>  of  (iiHt  tloiHuI;  raiulnl 
alxiut  :<  tinx-H  iih  loii}r  as  wide  at  Itasi-;  pcrtoraJH  lon^;,  r»f  to  '>(  in 
lioii.v,  width  at  tiuMr  linHO  alioiit  t  in  their  !en>;tli;  vinitrals  al>oiit  :i 
in  (lecttoralH  an<l  I  in  liead  in  I'eniale,  'J  in  ])eet()i'als  anil  2ij  in  head 
in  inalo.  Oidor  roddish  <n'  ;;ra,\  ish  Imtwn  with  innnnieraltio  minute 
Idaeii  Hpots;  ventral  NMrface  paio,  IVoni  iVont  of  anal  to  I'ainlal  pro 
;;i'essivelv  darker  with  ndnute  lilaek  spotH;  a  dark  Itand  oxtends  alon<; 
the  side  of  Hnout,  across  orbit  ami  ])reoperele,  nnd  alon^  the  nido  of  liod\, 
dyin^  ont  posteriorly;  anterior  dorsal  dnsky,  darkor  behind;  Heccnnl  dor 
sal  indednitely  oross-banded  with  short  streaks  of  darkerini  rayH;  eandal 
dnsky;  pectoral  pale,  iiulelinitoiy  bantied  with  short  streaks  of  darker  on 
rays;  vcntrals  jtale  in  lioth  sexes;  anal  ]»alo.  Vertebral  eolnnin  (of  n 
sinprle  H])ucinu-n)  with  15  abdoniimil  and  :<()  eandal  (imlndin;;  hypnia!) 
vertebra'.  North  Taeilie,  south  to  Japan  and  Ore^^on.  The  specimens 
here  described  from  Hristcd  \\\\y  (ii»\\,  Albah-onn)  \  .Japan  (Steindacluier) ; 
Arctic  Ocean  near  Heriiif;  Strait  (W..1.  IMsher,  Steindaehncr) ;  Herinfj  Sea, 
Bristol  Hay*  ((Jilbert);  (Tarcinsky  May  (Harrett-Ilamilton);  PortClar 
(Slice,  Alaska  (Sco(ield).t  A  variable  species.  Lenjrth  of  l<nijj;est  specimen 
examined  by  ns  5^  inches,     {harlntlua,  jirovided  with  a  barbel.) 

Siiiliaijoiiiis  hiirhahiB,  Strinkacmnkii,  Iclilli.  Il('ilii'i;;i>,  v,  1 10,  tut'.  5,  Sit/I>.  dcr  k.  Arnil.  (In- 
WIhh.,  Lxxiv,  July,  1870;  Joudan  &,  (tiutiiKT,  Syiuipsis,  Ti;5,  IHS'd;  JoitDA.N,  t.'iil.,'li:; 
1885. 


a»07.  I'ATLASINA  AIX,  SfiirkH. 


m 


h 


TTead  from  tip  of  snont,  1  in  body;  depth  :5A  in  head.  1>.  VIT.  7;  A.  11 : 
r.  11;  eyer>i^  ill  liead.     Month  r.ither  (ddi(|ne,  the  lower  jaw  much  projeit 

*  Dr.  Gilbert  aotra  sjn^rimoiis  from  inuiionins  stations  in  Mristol  liny  in  4J  t(>70  I'litlionis 
The  (link  band  on  siiliss  is  ot'toii  vrrv  stronji^ly  inarkiMl;  tlii!  Iiarhtd  varies  much  in  li'n;;tli. 
I).  VII  to  VI  11,0  to  8;  A.  9  to  fJ. 

f  Mr.  Scolicid  ;;iv('s  tiie  following  note  on  6  Hpociniens  taken  at  Port  ClnnMicfi,  Aliml<ii, 
avoraiiiuK  aliont  0  inches  in  Iciinlli.  We  liavo  t'oni))ai'*'il  tlieni  with  Hpcciniens  of  1'.  bar 
hula  I'roin  liristiil  Hay,  AhiKkii,  and  tind  our'  Rp(ii'initMi.s  havtt  a  much  longer  harliol  and 
sliKhtly  lonijer  pfctoraJH.  In  all  other  points  thuy  appear  to  he  t  ho  same.  The  barhil  is 
i  distance  I'roin  tip  of  lowcr.jaw  to  ed;i((  of  Kill  uienil)rane.  The  'J  dorsals  vaiy  in  tluir 
distance  from  each  other.  In  1  specimen  they  touch,  in  the  others  th;'y  vary  in  (list. nice 
tlie  width  of  1  or  2  plates.  Kollowiiifj;  is  the'lin  formula  of  the  siHM-imens.  These  sjicci 
mens  show  a  sexual  ditlerence.  The  fenmles  have  shorter  ventrals  and  a  lower  smaller 
tlrnt  dorsal  tlian  the  nuiles.  The  lirnt  dorsid.  too,  is  withuiit  colur.  The  mules  have  larger 
ventral  tiud  uud  a  large  darkly  colored  lirst  dorsal ; 


Dorsal.      Anal. 


Pecto- 
ral. 


Sex. 


V,7 

10 

12 

9 

VIII. 7 

10 

12 

rr 

VI. 7 

8 

12 

9 

VII,  7 

9 

12 

rf 

VIII,  0 

10 

12 

cf 

V,0 

10 

13 

9 

Ilemarka. 


The  anal  injured. 


Jordan  aud  F.vcnnonn.  —  Fishes  of  North  Awrrica.     2051 


ill);;  ii|ipi>r  iil^r  (if  maxillary  Hlippiiif;  iiikIit  iiiioiltital  tVtr  its  wlinin 
li-M^tli.  ItH  ))(mli>riiir  i'ikI  iiiiilwity  ImIwi'im  tip  of  NiiDiit  and  iiiiildir  ul'iyi'; 
villiturin  t«>rtli  mi  jawH  anil  voiikt,  homo  apiianiitly  on  palatiiii-H;  luwrr 
Jaw  with  a  IIcmIiv  tip.  Mcarccly  proiliiciMl  into  a  liaiNcl.  wraitrly  as  lonj;  an 
(lidiiiidi  r  of  ]iiipil ;  siipraorliilal  riiii  piniiiinint,  niakiii^i  tlio  iiitvrurliital 
Hjiacf  drcply  (■(•iKUVc;  width  nf  tlio  lattrr  alxiiit  i  <'y<';  li  lidjii-s  from  tin- 
iniM^r  i'd<ri>H  of  Hiipraurldtal  rim  run  hackwaid,  ami  iiir  loiitiiiiioiiH  with 
doiHal  ridjji'H  i>f  l>i>d.\  ;  (mIjji'  of  jin-ojicrclf  with  It s|iiin's,  tin  iniilillr  ono  tin- 
larj^i'Ht.  'i'wo  lar^rr  im-diaii  plalcH  in  fiont  ■  i  vtntralM  on  l>r<'ast,  a  row  of 
piati'H  aloii);  rach  lateral  rid;;<>  of  lir<>aHt,  a  la^^)■  plate  on  earh  Hide  of  tlie 
iiiiioi)  lietwrrn  lirHt  and  Heeond  median  plates,  and  lieliind  tliein  a  row  of 
small  ))lateH  irregular  in  si/e  and  position,  sonmtimeH  eontinnoiis  and  inter- 
jiosed  liotwueii  median  .iiid  lateral  )>lateH,  and  Hoiiietinieri  allowing  tlie 
(MlneM  of  imdian  and  lateral  plates  to  lonch;  II  or  lli  plates  in  front  of 
dorsal;  spinmiH  dorsal  oti  !'  or  10  jdates,  eoiintinu  to  end  of  nieml(rane; 
laliral  lino  lit.  Sjiaeti  lietweeii  dorsal  rid^jes  stroiiji;ly  eonea\e,  the  ridf^es 
rominjr  to^t>ther  on  eaiidal  pediinrh>,  Ixit  not  uniting,  eontiniiing  parallel 
for  u  short  distant  e,  . and  then  liecomin^' olisolete ;  njijier  lateral  ridge  end- 
ing anteriorly  on  about  the  twelfth  plate  from  head,  hast  layH  of  dorsal 
and  anal  eonneetnd  to  the  liodv  l)y  a  memluane;  sjtaee  lietween  dorsals 
iilioiit  equal  to  the  width  of  .1  plate;  t'ront  of  anal  midway  lietweiMi  pos- 
terior «md  of  maxillary  and  liasc  id"  eand.il;  jicetoral  rea(  hiny  just  past 
front  of  spiiunis  dorsal;  \eiit  distant  an  lye's  diameter  from  liase  of  veii- 
trals;  liMi;>,'th  of  (Miidal  e(|nal  to  head  hehiml  anterior  rid<>;e  ol'  pupil. 
Color  hlaekish,  with  line  jmnilnlations;  helly  white;  a  light  streak  riiii- 
iiing  iiackward  from  eye  to  upper  edg«Mtf  gill  opening;  lielow  this  an  .area 
scarcely  so  wide  as  eye,  darker  than  the  rest  of  'mmIv,  its  lower  edge 
sh.'irply  delined  against  the  whilo  under  ji.irts  of  head;  chin  idack  ;  dor- 
sals and  candal  dusky ;  jiectorals  light,  the  rays  with  many  idack  spots 
which  do  not  involve  the  meniiir.iiie;  ventrals  .iiid  an.il  white.  This 
sjiticies  dill'ers  from  VnUax'tmi  harhuht  in  having  a  much  shorter  liarhel  on 
chin,  in  having  2  median  ]ilates  in  front  of  ventrals  in  ]daee  (d'  3,  and  in 
having  the  plates  iietween  the  mediitn  and  lateral  plates  inntdi  Hinalhu' 
and  less  regnl.ir  in  arrangement.  In  /'.  htiilnihi  these  jdates  are  ahoiit  .as 
huge  as  the  median  jdates  and  always  interjiosed  Iietween  them  and  lat- 
eral jilates,  the  arrangement  lieing  constant.  The  alidominal  ridges  are 
generally  closer  together  in  /'.  ni.r  than  in  the  northern  sjiecies.  Piiget 
Sound  to  the  Aleutian*  Islands;  taken  with  the  seine  in  great  aliiind.'inee 
in  Piigot  Sound,  near  Port  liiuUow;  the  largest  nearly  .""i  int-hes  in  length, 
the  otlieia  alioiit  It.  (d/?,  a  goat,  from  the  pointiMl  heard,  or  d  /  =  .  a  d.irter, 
from  the  slender  form.) 

rnlliigina  al.r.  Stauks,  Prcic.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  18!)6,  .'i.'iS,  111.75,  Puget  Sound,  near  Port  Lud- 
low, Washington,     (lype,  No.  5040,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mas.     Coll.  V,.  (,'.  Stnrks.) 


*Two  Miiiall  HiKM'iineiiH  wci-c  taken  by  l>r.  (iillicrt  iilCliifinik  IJ.iy,  .Maskii.  Concerning 
tiicac  he  veiiinrks:  "  Wo  liav(!  ciiin|)arc(l  tlicMc  Hjicciincns  willi  the  types  of  I'allai^ina  iiix 
and  can  find  no  irood  dltVcrences.  due  oC  our  hiiccIiikmim  has  I!  median  i)lati-s  in  tlio  t'ront 
of  the  ventrals,  tlic  otiier  '_'.  (Our  Hiieriineiis  of  /'.  Iiarbiitd  have  cither  I!  or  2  nipdian 
jilfitcs  ill  front  of  the  vcnirals.)  A  few  (if  the  tviics  have  I'J  iiectoral  rays,  hut  the 
majority  have  11.    l'"in  formula:  i).  VII,  0;  A.  10;  1'.  I'J.     D.  VII,  G;  A.  9;  I'.  12." 


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2052         Bidlctm  ^7,  United  States  National  Musetim. 


766.  LEPTAGONUS,  Gill. 
Leptagonus,  OiLL,  rroc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.,  xiii,  1861, 107,  259  (Kjniingiiigimufi—deeaftfmux). 

Body  taper!  11};.  depivssed;  head  about  5i\^;  depth  7^  to  9;  wi  Jth  6^^  to  8 
ill  total  len^rth.  IMates  in  dorsal  ai-rioH  40  to  11 ;  5  to  6  pairs  between  occi- 
put and  iirst  dorsal;  both  dorsals  prest^nt;  month  inferior,  snout  macb 
projoctiiii;;  fcefb  on  )>otb  jaws,  jtrobably  none  on  vomer  or  palatines;  5 
pairs  ofltarbcls  about  month;  none  under  tip  of  snout;  1  pair  of  recurved 
spines  at  tip  of  snout ;  1  pair  of  supraocular  and  I  pair  of  occipital  spint'S. 
Gill  membranes  joined  to  isthmus.     (AcTrrd?,  slender;  Agontia.) 


fry 


240S.  LKPTOCJONUS  DKrA«OMIS*  (Hlocli  &  Scliiieidor). 

]?r.  G;  D.  V  to  VII,  5  to  8;  A.  6  to  8;  P.  11  to  16;  V.  I,  2;  C.  24.  llody 
distinctly  more  slonder  than  in  A,  catajthractiia  ;  its  greatest  breadth,  over 
base  of  pectorals,  aViont  (U  to  8  times,  and  greatest  height,  at  the  third 
pair  of  dorsal  plates,  about  7^  to  9  in  total  b-ngth,  hence  but  little  de- 
pressed. Vent  nearer  base  of  vontrals  than  in  A.  calaphmctua;  about  2 
pairs  of  plater  from  vent  to  ventrals  (no  plates  medially  between  them), 
and  9  pairs  from  vent  to  anal  fin.  Distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  vent  abor.t 
4  in  total  length.  Body  anteriorly  nearly  oval,  angular;  abdominal 
region  relatively  shorter  and  tail,  relatively  longer  than  in  A.  caiap^tractiia. 
Body  octagonal ;  tail  hexagonal,  depressed,  its  ventral  keel  quiteprominent. 
Kidges  on  plates  of  body  and  their  backwardly  directed  spines  more  prom- 
iiuMit  than  in  A.  calaphraclita.  Keels  of  the  superior  and  inferior  lateral 
series  especially  sharp  «m  tail ;  .'>  or  6  pairs  of  plates  from  head  to  first 
dorsal,  and  10  to  13  pairs  between  ventrals  and  anal;  from  ant«'rior  end  of 
first  dorsal  to  poi.it  of  union  of  the  dorsal  pairs  behind  second  dorsal 
about  22  pairs,  thence  to  base  of  caudal  14  to  17  median  jilates.  Head 
about  as  broad  as  deep,  the  breadth  about  1^  in  its  length  ;  head  about  5^^ 
or  somewhat  more  in  total  length,  much  narrowed  anteriorly.  Snout  pro- 
jecting beyond  premaxillaries,  lower  jaw  included;  a  pair  of  short 
upwardly  and  ba(;kwardly  directed  spines  near  tip  of  snoat;  a  iiair  of 
strong  supraocular  and  1  of  occipital  spines;  interorbital  space  consid- 
erably leas  than  longitudinal  diameter  of  orbit;  preorbital  not  covering 
upper  jaw;  suborbital  without  prominent  spine;  no  barbels 'inder  tip  of 
snout;  mouth  somewhat  larger  than  in  A,  cataphractus,  maxillary  nearly 
reaching  anterior  edge  of  orbit;  5  pairs  of  barbels,  1  near  and  2  at  tip  of 
maxillary,  1  near  angle  of  mouth,  and  1  (bifurcate)  out  on  side  on  lower 
jaw;  none  on  branchiostegal  membrane.  Orbits  quite  large,  their  longi- 
tudinal diameter  about  4  in  hea<l.  Preopercle  with  2  quite  small  spines, 
1  at  its  posterior  ai.gle,  the  other  below  this,  and  1  or  2  smaller  ones  below 
these;  opurcle  unarmed.     Branchiostegal  rays  6.     Teeth  fewer  than  in 

*  Piatniosis :  Body  tapering,  octagonal  anteriorly,  liexagonal  posteriorly,  a  little  de- 
pressed, ItH  lieightYi  to  9,  and  its  breadtli  6J  to  8  in  total  length.  HeadS^;  pectorals  equal 
to  head.  Plates  in 'dorsal  series  44,  sometimes  41-43;  from  occiput  to  first  dorsal  5-6; 
between  ventrals  and  anal  10-13;  between  dorsals  6  or  7;  6  jiairs  of  barbels,  3  on  maxil- 
lary, 1  near  angle  of  moutli,  and  1  (bifurcate)  on  lower  jaw;  1  pair  recurved  spines  near 
tip  of  snout;  I  pair  supraocular  and  1  of  occi pi ta\  spines.  Teeth  on  jaws.  Gill  mem- 
branes joined  to  isthmus.  Yellowish  grav.  witli  2  cr  3  cross  bands,  ptue  below.  Ji.O:  1 
D  ^-7;'2D.5to8i  A..6t«8;  P.14tol6;  V.3(l-2);  C.2-9-U  +  2. 


Jordan  and  Evcrinann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2053 


-(leeafionux). 

iJth  6i  to  8 
twoen  occi- 
nont  macb 
alatines;  5 
)f  rocurviid 
ital  spines. 
I 


21.  liody 
eadth,  over 
t  the  third 
t  little  de- 
s;  about  2 
een  them), 
vent  abor.t 
abdominal 
tap^racfns. 
[irominent. 
noro  proni- 
ior  liitoial 
Bad  to  lirst 
rior  end  oi" 
:)nd  dorsal 
tea.  Head 
d  abont  5^ 
Snont  pro- 
of short 
a  iiair  of 
ice  consid- 
t  covering 
nd«^r  tip  of 
iiry  nearly 
2  at  tip  of 
0  on  lower 
lieir  lonjiji- 
all  spines, 
mes  below 
r  than  in 


a  littlo  de- 
torala  equal 
i  dorsal  5-6; 

3  on  maxil- 

spinea  near 

Gill  mem- 

ow.    B.6;  1 


A.  calaphrarlUH,  present  on  jaws.  First  dorsal,  with  6  or  7  jdates  between 
it  and  oi-ci]>Mt,  'vith  ~t  to  7,  nsually  5  or  (!,  H])ine8,  its  length  consit'-Mably 
more  than  its  heij^ht ;  third  and  fourth  rays  lon;r(,.st ;  second  dorsal  distant 
from  first  about  I  the  length  of  either  <iu,  with  5  to  8,  usually  6  or  7,  rays, 
a  little  bliorter  but  Honiewhaf  higher  than  first  dorsal;  anal  (in  with  nearly  A 
its  length  in  front  of  first  ray  of  se<'«»ud  dorsal  and  ending  a  little  behind 
the  nnddlu  of  th"  latter  is  somewhat  higher  than  this  and  with  (i  to  8,  nsually 
7,  rays;  pectoral  tin,  about  as  long  as  head,  with  11  to  U),  nsually  14  or 
15,  simple  rays;  ventral  tin  short,  a  little  nu)re  than  i  of  pectoral,  rays 
:{(!,  2),  the  2  soft  rays  of  about  equal  length;  caudal  narrow  and  long, 
about  3  in  total  length,  with  "J  'ong  rays,  and  on  each  sidti  2  »»r  ii  short 
ones.  Lateral  line,  i»ores  2S  to  li5  ('"ollett),  .30  (Kroyer).  Color  yellowish 
gray,  with  2  or  3  largt^  grayish  brown  jtatehes  forming  indeli.iit(^  cross 
bauds,  l.rst  abov«>  Jtase  of  i)cctorals,  second  under  posterior  part  of  first 
dorsal,  and  thi"-*!  under  middle  of  second  dorsal;  between  these  smaller 
indefinite  patches  and  cloudings;  fins,  especially  pectorals  and  caudal, 
brownish  Idack  toward  tlieir  tij»s;  ventral  surface  giayish  yellow;  on 
each  side  of  hea<l  a  <iuite  broad  black  baud  from  tip  of  snout  across  orbit 
and  prcopercle.  Males  larer  than  females  (Collett),  distinguished  by  hav- 
ing outer  soft  ray  of  ventral  fin  about  twice  as  long  as  inner,  mom  than  ^ 
of  pectorals.  Young  (according  to  Steenstru]*  and  Liitken)  with  a  shorter 
and  thicker  body,  its  'oreadth  about  7  in  total  length,  tail  compress«^d. 
Head  broader  and  .anteriorly  blunter,  with  somewhat  oblique  mouth  and 
lower  Jaw  ]»rojecting  beyond  upper.  Keels  of  plates  strongly  developed^ 
with  sharp  backwardly  directed  spim-s;  longitudinal  keels  on  upper 
and  nnder  sid(i  of  tail  distinctly  double.  Pectoral  and  ventral  tins  ])ro- 
portionately  longer.  Vent  lies  farther  back,  between  fifth  or  t^veii  eighth 
pair  of  ventral  plates,  Arctic  Ocean,  south  to  Newfoundland  and  Nor- 
way ;  recorded  from  northern  coast  of  Norway,  east  and  west  of  North 
Cape,  but  not  south  of  70  '  N.  lat.,  Spitzbc^rgen  and  west  of  these  islands, 
between  them  and  IJeeren  Island,  and  between  this  and  Norway  ((Jolh'tt) ; 
Faroe  Islands  and  Iceland  (Liitken);  Greenland,  spreading  .as  far  south 
as  Newfoundland  with  the  C(dd  o«ean  currents.  Dr.  Keinhardt  h.is 
shown  that  the  fish  described  as  CottuH  calaphrachiH  from  Greenland  by 
Fabricius  belongs  to  this  species,  and  that  Bloch's  statement  that  the  type 
of  the  species  came  from  the  East  Indies  is  erroneous.  It  is  a  deep-water 
species,  found  in  123  to  260  fathoms,  at  a  temperature  of  -j- 1.6°  C.  to  — LI*-" 
C.  (Nordhavs  expedition) ;  50  to  ViO  fathoms,  in  the  Varangerfi  jrd.  Here 
described  from  papers  of  Ccdlett  and  Liitken,  and  from  small  specimens 
from  Upernavik.    (Eu.)     (5£'»a,  ten;  ^'tuj'Kjr,  angle.) 

VoUus  cataphracfus,  Fabkicius,  Fauna  Gnvnl.,  155,  1780,  Greenland ;  not  of  Linn^us. 

Agonus  deeagonus,  Bloch  &  Schneider,  Syst.  Ichth.,  i,  105,  pi.  27,  1801,  erroneously 
recorded  from  the  East  Indies,  the  type  came  from  Greenland ;  GIjnther,  Cat.,  ii, 
215,1860;  Collett,  NorgesJ'iske,  40, 1875;  LUtken,  Foreliib.  Meddel.  Nord.UlkeHske; 
Vidensk.  Meddel.  fra  den  Naturhist.  Foreu.  Kjiib.,  381,  1876;  Collett,  Fiske  fra  Nord- 
havs Expeditionens,  Soiuniereu  1878,  Christ.  Vidensk.  Selsk.  s.  Forli.,  No.  14,  p.  28, 
1878;  Collett,  Norske  Nordhavs  Expedition,  1876-1878,  Zool.  Fisko,  44,  pi.  2,  li;i8. 11- 
12  1880;  Jordan,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1883,  293;  Lilubbokq,  Svoriges  och 
Norges  Fiskar,  Forsta  Huftet,  193, 1883-84. 


T 


.TT-^w^Tfc^ T^i"  c.  ity  ,'■ 


2054         Bulletin  ^7,  United  Statvs  Natiov.al  Museum. 

A.si>i(to})horuii  tpinoMintiniiix,   KiiiiYKU,  Iclitb.  ItidruK-  NutiirliiHt.   Ticlxkr.,  I,  'JOU,  1IS44-4&. 

Greenland  ;  ICHi'h'EK,  Oaiiiinrd,  Voyiiges  «n  .Si'initl.,  etc.,  Zool.  Atlas,  Poiss.,  |»1.  5,  lln.s. 

2a  2<1,1«45. 
Atjndiipliorut  matarmiiidvH,  Dkh  Lonociiamph,  Mt'Ui.  Soc.  Linu.  cluNoriiini)<li(>,  ((inio  ix,  lOT, 

lHr.:t. 
AtrpUhiiihunin  urcat/onKS,  CuviKii  \    VAi-KNi'iENNr.s,  llJHt.  Nat.  I'oIbh.,  iv,  22;i,  lfi2U;   J. 

ItKiMiAitDT,  Sr.,  OvtTs.  over  ili-t.  KoiiikI.  Daimki)  N'itl.  .Si'lsk.  m.  I-'oili.,  M,  IHaO-IHIi'j; 

Kik'ivkii,  Iclitli.  lliilratj.  Natiiiiiisl.  TiddHkr.,  i.  24;i,  1H4I-15,  KimvEii,  (Juiniunl,  Voy 

n;;i'.s  rn  S<;an<l.,  Lapiioiiio.  etc.,  /ool.  AIIuh,  Poiss.,  pi,  5,  lign,  1u-l<l,  IKIS. 
Aiiiiiini) xiiiiiutiimiiiniii,  (iC\Tlli;ii,  Cal.,  ll.  214,  l.*^<iO. 

Lepldi/oniiM  xpi)iiiiiixttinius,  (ili.I.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  I'liila.,  xill,  I8ti1, 107. 
Itmehyopsit  ikca<junxi$,  Juudan  <fc  (jILHEKT,  SynojisiH,  FIhIicm  N.  A.,  727, 1883. 

767.  PODOTHECUS,  (Jill. 

Podotheeut,  (Jii.l,  Proc.  Ac.  Xat.  Sci.  Pliila.  .\iii,  1H(I1,  77,  2,')9  {perisletlnm     acipenterinu^). 
I'aragomit,  (iiM.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  S<m.  Pliila.  .\iii,18(il,  l(i7, 250  {'tcipnmerimni). 

Hody  tapcriu};'  nearly  uiiiforiiily  from  lioail  tocinuliil,  iilxmt  as  Iii^li  asor 
higbcr  thau  wido  anteriorly ;  depth  aliont  (i  to  8  inclie.s  in  len};th;  heiid 
about  4,  eompieased ;  i>lat»^s  in  dorH.il  series  about  ;{5  to  10,  4  or  5  i»airs 
between  oc(i]»nt  and  (irst  tlorsal  fin;  ^1'!  nieuibranes  joined  to  istlinni.'s, 
witbotit  free  fold  ;  jio  scattered  barbels  under  lower  Jaw  or  on  brau<'liioste- 
gal  membranes;  2  complex  yroujis  of  barbels  on  under  side  of  tip  of  snout, 
another  group  at  each  angle  of  month;  usually  a  few  barbels  at  sides  ol 
pores  tinder  lower  jaw;  tip  of  snout  with  usually  2  |»ai;s  of  sharp  slender 
spines,  the  anterior  directed  forward,  the  posterior  cuitward  imd  back- 
w.^rd.  Mouth  sm.all,  iiif«'rior,  snout  projecting  far  beyond  it.  Teeth  on 
both  jaws  few  and  weak,  sometimes  wanting  ou  1  or  both  jaws;  none 
on  votner  and  palatines;  plates  of  body  spinous;  1  pair  of  supraocular 
and  1  pair  occipital  spines;  both  dorsals  pr<'8ent.  This  genus  is  very 
.close  to  A<fohU8,  dilVering  mainly  in  the  spinous  plates  of  the  body.  The 
uumerous  species  differ  much  among  themselves,  (ttoi)?,  foot;  O/'/w//, 
box;  from  the  groove  for  the  receptacle  of  the  ventrals  which  appears 
through  the  shrinking  of  the  naked  skin  in  preserved  specimens.) 

a.  I'lates  on  caiiilal  jieibniule  all  or  nearly  all  armed  each  with  a  .spine. 

h.  Harbcls  lielow  snout  very  numeronii  and  larpe;  angle  of  mouth  with  many  bar- 

bcle.  AC(  iprrEK,  2W.K 

c.  Doraal  raysVIII-O;  tcetli  well  developed;  fins  all  very  hij.^1,  the  pectoral 

emarginate  in  the  adidt,  its  longest  rays  \\  in  head;  ventral  long;  anal 

rays  10. 

ce.  Dorsiil  rays  XI-8;  teeth  present ;  tins  moderate;  peetor.%1  not  emarginate; 

ventral  short;  aual  rays  9.  ha.mlini,  2410. 

66.  Barbels  comi)aratively  few  and  slender. 

d.  Dorsal  rays  VIII-S;  teeth  in  upper  Jaw  almost  obsolete;  fins  moderate; 
pectoral  not  emarginate,  IJ  in  bead;  ventral  very  short;  aual  rays  9. 

OILBERTI,  2411. 

dd.  D0rs.1l  rays  IX-6;  fins  small ;  ventrals  long;  sides  and  top  of  head  with 

very  large  crests ;  anal  rays  6.  thompsoni,  2412. 

aa.  Plates  on  caudal  pedunde  mostly  not  ending  in  spines;  tins  rather  low,  the  anal 

rays  7  or  8. 

«.  Teeth  well  developt^d;  barbels  below  snout  and  at  angle  of  mouth  long  and 

numerous.  acipenserini's,  2413. 

ee.  Teeth  wanting  in  tbe  adult:   barbels  rather  small  and   sparse;   body  not 

everywhere  deeper  than  wide;   the  caudal  peduncle  very  long,  slender, 

and  depressed.  vetbunus,  2414. 


Jordan  and  Evcrniann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2055 


ic,  tome  IX,  1C7, 


ipengenntu). 


2400.  I'OUOTIIKn  S  ACt  IIMTKK.  Jonlmi  \  Starks. 

llciul   3s'    in   IciiKtb;   d.pth  »!L      D.  VIII,  !>;    A.   10;    pectoral  15;   lat- 
i'liil  i»lat»'s3(!;  »■>»•   lA  in  ln-ad;  snont  2i  ;  «t'oon«i  doi'sal  spine  lH;  sccontl 
(loiHal  ray  l\;  third  anal   ray   l-I;    eantlai   1.!;  upper  ray  of  ])eetora!  11; 
ventral8  2.^.     lioily  elungat*-,  n«it  conipresHed ;  head  fvianjjular  as  viewed 
iioni  above;  the  month  wide,  entirely  interior,    /1_^  -shaped,  tho  lower 
jaw  shnttinji  heliind  the  npper  by  a  distance  etpial  to  J  eye;  maxillary 
not  reaehin<>  (jnite  to  anterioi'  orbital   lim;  distan<;e  of  anteiior  ed;;i' of 
upper  lip  from  tip  of  roHtral  spimvs  a    little  more  than   .1  eyt;;    teeth  in 
upper  jaw  a  ImoHt  obsolete,  villiform  bunds  of  teeth  in  lower  jaw,  with-  in 
front,  beeomin<r  narrow  at  sides;  \<>mcrand  jxilatinus  tnothlesH;  a  patch 
of  thick  barlicls  below  snout  in  front  of  mouth,  the  lonj^est  etpuil  to  ver- 
tical diameter  of  eye,  a  similar  ]»atch  at  end  of  maxillary,  altout  e<iual  in 
length  to  the  shortest  on  suoiit;  2  short  barbels  on  each  side  of  lower  lip 
lietween  symphysis  and  auf^le  of  mouth.     A  pair  of  short,  sharp,  rostral 
spines,  pointing  directly  forward;  at  their  base  aud  much  wider  apart  is 
a  pair  of  s])ine8  which  i)oint  upward,  luiekward,  aud  si ij>htly  outward; 
running  backward  from  these  are  the  ridges  that  bound  the  wide  groove 
in  which  the  maxillary  process  tits;    these  apitroueh  each  other  behind 
and  end  in  sharp  sjiincs  whiih  point  backward  and  upward,  these  spines 
midway  between  middle  of  eye  and  the  sjiines  behind  rostral  spines;  a 
])air  of  large  spines  above  jjosterior  third  of  eye,  an<l  a  ])air  of  large  (mes 
at  occiput,    these   continuous   with  the   u]>])er  ridges;   a  <urved   bridge 
running  from  superior  orbital  rim  and  ending  in  a  small  spine  just  above 
oj)ercle;  a  small  ri<lge  on  opercle;  preoporcle  with  a  large  spine;  a  couple 
of  spines  l)elow  eye  at  lower  edge  of  suborbitals;  running  from  them  to 
tip  of  snoat  a  ridge  along  lower  edge  of  preorbitals,  somewhat  irregu- 
lar but  without  spines;  interorbital  space  wid<»  and  deeply  concave,  a 
pair  of  ridges  (ui  each  side,  converging  forward;  supraorbital  rim  promi- 
nent;  anterior  nostril  ending  in  a  short,  wide,  conical  papilla,  with  a 
small  opening  at  the  apex;  no  noticeable  depression  at  occiput.     Dorsal 
ridges  converging  from  the  occiput  to  behind  the  soft  dorsal,   uniting 
on  the  second  platt'  behind  the  base  of  last  dorsal  ray,  continued  as  a 
single  ridge  on  about  8    plates  Avhere  it   becomes  obsolete;   the  upper 
lateral  ridge  follows  the  course  of  the  lateral  line  to  about  the  middle  of 
spinous  dorsal,  where  it  slants  sharply  upward  and  is  continued  to  tail 
above  lateral  line;  lateral  line  midway  between  upper  and  lower  lateral 
ridges  posteriorly;  a  single  spine  above  base  of  pectoral  indicating  an 
obsolete  ridge  between  the  lateral  ridges,  lower  lateral  ridge  becoming 
obsolete  under  pectoral  on 2  or  3  plates  behind  its  base;  abdouiiral  ridges 
widest  apart  behind  base  of  ventrals,  uniting  directly  behind  anal  base 
and  running  simply  backward,  becoming  obsolete  cm  caudal  peduncle;  all 
the  ridges  with  sharp,  recurved  spines,  with  the  exception  of  abdominal 
ridges  behind  part  of  anal;  where  the  dorsal  and  anal  ridges  di8ap2)ear 
the  caudal  peduncle  assumes  a  quadrangular  shape,  the  corners  being 
framed  by  the  spines  of  the  lateral  ridges;  no  row  of  8]>ines  around  base 
of  caudal  or  pectoral.     Fins  all  high,  origin  of  dorsal  between  the  fourth 
and  iifth  dorsal  plates,  the  fin  to  b'ise  of  last  spine  covering  6  plates,  the 


'■■■    f 


2056         Bulktin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


iiiuinbruue  covering  2.)  iiioru;  the  secoud  aiul  third  8))ino8  tho  loii<*eHt,  m 
lut'Uibraiio  cuiiMOCtiii^  tin*  liiNt  8i»ine  to  tlio  body  for  its  whole  length, 
wheu  tin  is  deprossod  the  nids  of  tho  luHt  Hpincs  n>uch  to  the  front  of  sec 
Olid  doi'Biil;  the  Mecoiid  doiHiil  to  tin-  end  «)f  last  my  covers  8  phiteH,  the 
membrane  covers  1  more;  the  second  anil  third  rays  are  the  longest,  tin 
luHt  ray  is  connected  to  the  body  for  abont  ^  of  its  length;  bast^  oi 
anal  covering  8i  plates,  the  rays  very  long  and  not  dilVoring  nnicb  m 
length,  the  last  ray  not  connected  to  body  by  a  membrane;  the  tin  begins 
in  front  of  soft  dorsal  bnt  is  abont  coterminous  with  it,  its  rays  wlnn 
depressed  rea«'hing  past  ends  of  soft  dorsal,  reaching  (i  plates  past  base  oi 
its  last  ray;  pectorals  barely  reaching  to  tip  of  last  dorsal  spine,  the  I'm 
])0!nted  above,  first  and  secimd  rays  the  longest,  the  lower  rays  prodnccil 
beyond  the  membrane,  making  a  notch  in  posterior  ontlino  of  fin;  origin 
of  ventrals  directly  below  base  of  pectoral,  their  tips  reaching  6  (dates 
beyond  their  base;  candal  long  and  truncated;  vent  directly  behind  batsr 
of  vontrals.  Color  light  brown  above,  white  below;  back  with  many 
narrow  brown  bars  placed  at  irregular  distances  apart;  head  with  many 
blended  brown  spots,  1  under  eye,  1  on  front  margin  of  eye,  1  or  2  on  top 
of  head,  1  behind  ««yc,  1  on  prcorbital,  a  similar  spot  on  base  of  pectoral 
rays;  pectoral  dusky;  first  dorsal  with  'A  rows  of  s|iot8  across  the  rays, 
a  very  narrow  brown  border  to  fin,  second  dorsal  with  similar  spots,  not, 
arranged  in  rows;  anal  light  above,  uniform  brown  below;  ventrals 
white;  caudal  liii  dark  at  base  and  3  or  1  dark  spots  toward  middle  of 
fin.  Ochotsk  Sea;  one  specimen  collected  at  Kobben  Islaud  by  Captain 
lilair.  It  is  8  inches  in  length,  (accipiter,  a  hawk;  in  allusion  to  the 
largt;  tins.) 

Vodotheeua  accipiter,  Jordan  A  Stahks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sei.  1895,  816,  pi.  88,  Robben  Island. 
(Coll.  Cayt.  J.  G.  Blair.    Type  iu  L.  S  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.) 

2410.  PODOTilSt'DS  HAXLIM,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  new  species. 

D.  IX  to  XI-8 ;  A.  9  or  10 ;  V.  15.  1  Lead  .3J  in  length ;  depth,  not  includ- 
ing spines  of  dorsal  ])late8,  8?;  width  at  base  of  pectorals  7i;  length  oi 
candal  peduncle,  from  base  of  last  anal  ray,  2'i;  snout  long  and  slender, 
depredst^d,  produced  beyond  the  month  for  a  distance  6<iualing  a  little  less 
than  i  its  length,  th6  tip  formed  of  2  spines,  the  space  between  which  is 
covered  with  membrane ;  a  pair  of  strong,  nearly  erect  spines  at  their  base, 
between  which  are  2  or  3  very  small  spine.^  on  the  median  line;  a  second 
pair  of  strong  spines  at  posterior  end  of  premaxillary  fossa,  the  ridges 
bounding  which  may  bear  1  or  more  pairs  of  small  prickles;  preopercle 
with  a  wide  wing-like  crest  terminating  in  a  bluntish  spine;  snout  long 
and  slender,  its  lateral  profile  concave  as  seen  from  above  or  below;  sub- 
orbital crest  with  3  very  strong,  backwardly  hooked  spines;  interorbital 
space  very  narrow,  deeply  concave;  fins  all  low;  supraocular  ridge  strong 
and  much  elevated,  the  interorbital  space  deeper  and  narrower  than  in  any 
other  species  of  this  group,  its  least  width  If  iu  orbit;  postorbital  spine 
small;  ridges  on  sides  of  snout  minutely  serrate;  an  irregular  grouji  ot 
small  spines  above  and  behind  anterior  nostril;  lateral  ridges  of  head 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2057 


lobben  Island. 


with  \\  iKiirs  of  very  Htronj;  backwardly  diroctod  Hpinos  in    line  with  the 
i^ioiitly  expan(h'<l  |»ro(>i)erctil!ir  lidj^c;  tho  posterior  portion  of  this  ridgo 
|)i()«l(i(-od  into  11  coinpressod,   Idimtiuh  procesH  whirli  ovcrlapH  the  siib- 
opui'clo  and  rfUchoH  niai';;iu  of  \(\\\  oponin<{;  oporcnlar  and  ttMuporul  rid^oH 
low  and  Hharp.     Tei'tli  present  on  Jaws  in  tho  youiiK,  becoming  nearly  or 
(|iiite  ohacdei  >  in  adults;  in  the  tyjie,  17  cm.  Ion;;,  a  few  weak  teeth  on 
one  side  of  uppor  jaw,  but  none  olsowhero ;  voinor  and  palatines  tonthless. 
A  cluster  of  11  barbids  on  each  side  of  lower  surface  of  snout  in  front  of 
uiouth,  an<l  a   cluster  of  14   occupyin<{  end  of  maxillary  and  un^lu  of 
nu>uth;  each  side  of  lower  lip    with  2  barbels;  gill  niembraucs  widely 
joiuod  to  the  iathnius,  without  distinct  free  fold  posteriorly.     I'latos  (ui 
liody  with  very  strong  spines,  those  of  tho  dorsal  series  tho  largest,  but 
ilccieasing  rapidly  backward,  becoming  much  smaller  than  the  lateral 
series  under  tho  second  dorsal  tin;  a  median  series  of  short  sharp  spines 
still  persists  along  entire  back  of  tail  after  the  couthionco  of  the  dorsal 
series;  tho  lateral  series  lower  anteriorly,  the  npper  row^  persisting  to  gill 
opening,  the  lower  row  now  iiecoming  obsolete  about  \  plates  behind 
nxil;  the  abdominal  series  bear  short  sharp  spines  (longer  in  the  young), 
i)ecomiug  obsolete  along  anterior  jiortion  of  anal  fin;  of  tho  dorsal  series, 
t  are  in  front  of  the*  first  dorsal,  10  (or  Oi)  almig  base  of  first  dorsal,  I  (or 
\\)  between  dorsals,  9  along  base  of  second  dorsal,  15  along  back  of  tail, 
the  lirst  of  the   latter  being  tiie  plate  in  which  the  dorsal  series  first 
becomes  conlluent;  anterior  portion  of  luteral  line  running  along  upper 
lateral  series,  gradually  descending  to  middle  of  sides  where  it  runs  on  a 
special  row  of  plates  which  bear  no  spines;  where  the  lateral  line  begins 
to  ascend,  3  of  these  become  confluent  with  corre8])Ouding  plates  of  tho 
upper  lateral  series;  in  advance  of  these,  ?>  members  of  the  series  again 
appear  distinct,  considerably  enlargcid  and  bearing  spines;  40  ]»ore8  in  the 
lateral  line;   fins  all  comparatively  short  and  low;  pectorals  reaching 
twelfth  plate  of  njtper  lateral  series,  the  longest  ray  equaling  length  of 
sn<mt  and  A  eye;  rays  becoming  rapidly  shortened  below,  the  lower  5  or  0 
ulightly  thickened  with  exsorted  tips;  veiitiula  very  short,  not  exceeding 
length  of  snoiit  before  mouth,  not  received  into  longitudinal  groove.     We 
consider  it  very  doubtful  whether  such  a  groove  exists  in  any  of  tho  other 
^1)00168  of  this  group.    It  has  been  described  as  existing  in  the  types  of 
/'.  flilbcrti  (Collett)  and  P.  pcrist  *hu8,  Gill.     In  both  cases  tho  type  speci- 
mens were  in  a  poor  state  of  preservation,  and  the  groove  was  probably 
due  to  a  softening  of  that  hmgitudinal  strip  of  the  abdominal  wall,  which 
includes  the  anal  opening,  and  extends  backward  from  tho  base  of  the 
A  ontral  fins  and  is  interposed  between  tho  firm  outer  series  of  ventral 
jtlates.    That  such  a  softening  had  0«'curred  in  the  type  of  Podothecus 
pcri8tethH8  is  evident  from  Gill's  statement  that  tho  veatrals  had  dropped 
out.     This  view  is  rendered  more  probable  from  the  fact  that  P.  periate- 
thiia  is  apparently  identical  with  the  common  P.  acipenserinua  which  con- 
tains no  such  groove.     We  have  also  examined  2  of  the  type  of  P.  (jUherii 
without  being  able  to  satisfy  ourselves  of  tho  existence  of  any  special 
groove.    The  dorsal  fins  are  closely  Juxtaposed,  the  interspace  including  1 
or  1^  pairs  of  plates.    The  base  of  the  last  ray  of  second  dorsal  is  midway 
3030 52 


i 


i 


4 


11 


20r..S         BuJIi'tin  /7,  /"////Av/  5/<?/tvv  Natiouaf  Afuscum. 


liotwuMi  biififl  of  caiuliil  iiiid  orii^in  of  HpiiioiiH  tlorBiil.  Color  tlark  or 
brovviiiHli  ul>(>v<>,  witli  irro<riil:ir  HpotH  or  <Iiih1ii'h  oI'  durkt-r,  wliiuli  «lo  imt 
tui'iii  tl»liui|u  crosH  hnVH\  a  black  Htruak  iVoiii  eye  to  ti|)  of  Hiioiit  piiNNJiiu 
onto  lowur  Hido  of  roNtral  spint's;  a  dark  l>lot«'h  on  ttxpauded  liuib  pr(;o|)n  . 
clc;  a  blark  upot  on  b:lH4^  of  iniddlo  ])(M'toriiI  raya,  tbo  lin  vury  oltHciircIv 
marked  witb  diiHky;  dornal  HpiiiUH  and  rayn  with  linear  dark  niarkin;>;H,  I 
or  2  l>la<k  H]M)tH  near  tip  of  Hpinous  dorHiil  anteriorly;  under  partn  inrluii 
inj?  linH,  unmarked.  Two  8]tecimeuB  froiii  AUmlroan  i^tation  IUmIJ,  mi 
Sliana  \'illn<;o,  Ituriip  Inland,  in  18  fathoiuH.  A  youn^  individual  froni 
AUtutroHH  Htatiou  H(il<>,  otf  Kobben  Inhmd,  18  fatlionm,  setmiH  to  belong  to 
iXw  Hanie  HpucieH,  but  liaH  the  HUoiit  Iuhs  juodueed  and  the  dorsal  VIII,  d; 
anal  8.  (We  take  ^roat  pluanuru  in  naming  this  speeieH  in  honor  of  Hoi. 
CharluH  tSuiuuer  Hamlin,  lato  AsHistunt  Secretary  of  the  Troasury,  iniMcr 
whose  au8pi<-eH  the  fur  seal  invostif^ations  of  18!M)  and  1897  were  carrii  d 
on  by  the  United  States  Fur  Seal  Commissiou. 

J'oilothectis  hamlini,  Jokdan  \-  (Mliiekt,  Uej)!.  Kiir  Seal  Invost.  1806,  1897  MS.,  uff 
Shana  Bay,  Iturup  Island,  Kuril  Group.  (Type,  5C6'.!,  L.  S.  Jr.  Uuiv.  Muh.  V<'\\. 
AlbatroKs.) 

2411.  rOUOTIIKOl'8  CIlLltKRTI  (Collett). 

Head  about  4;  depth  7i  or  8.  D.  VIII,  8;  A.  i»;  P.  17;  V.  I,  2.  IJo.ly 
deeper  than  wide;  octagonal  to  end  of  dorsal  and  anal  fiUH,  hexagonal  (n 
tail.  The  curved  8])ines  of  the  dorsolateral,  superior  and  inferior  lateiMi 
ridges  strong  and  sharp  as  far  as  base  of  caudal.  Ventral  series  of  i)lati  s 
spinous  to  origin  of  anal,  uniting  behind  it  to  form  a  single  series;  doisiii 
scries  uniting  into  1  behind  si'cond  dorsal;  about  12  to  15  well  developed, 
radially  striated  plates  without  tubercles  or  spines  on  breast;  a  few 
median  plates  between  ventrolateral  series  behind  vent.  Head 'l-hedial, 
tapering,  sihecks  vertical,  orbit  large,  high  up,  about  equal  to  the  concave 
interorbital  space.  Supraocular  and  occipital  ridges  high,  with  crenulatc 
edges,  the  former  ending  in  a  sharp,  the  latter  in  a  blunt,  spine;  siibmhi- 
tal  and  opercular  bones  radially  striated;  suborbital  ridge  low  down  <>ii 
cheek,  thin,  with  crenulato  edge  and  a  small  sharp  si>ino  at  its  po.steriur 
end;  ]»reoi)ercle  with  a  high  thin  keel  with  serrated  edge,  ending  in  ii 
strong  blunt  spine;  rostrum  projecting  far  b«\vond  premaxillaries,  witli 
a  pair  of  spines  at  tip  directed  forward,  another  pair,  farther  apart,  cur\  cd 
backward  and  outward.  Maxillary  reaching  about  to  front  of  orbit; 
lower  jaw  very  short,  broad,  falling  far  short  of  upper.  Teeth  on  lower 
jaw  weak,  few  and  excessively  weak  on  u])per  jaw,  none  on  vomer  or 
palatines.  A  group  of  barbels  under  tip  of  snout,  another  at  angle  of 
mouth  (specimen  with  mouth  in  bad  state).  Dor8.al8  separated  by  about 
3  pairs  of  plates;  anal  begins  a  little  in  front  of  origin  of  second  dorsal; 
])ectoral8  about  6  in  body,  their  base  nearly  3  in  their  length;  ventr;ils 
(male?)  about  |  as  long  as  pectorals.  Lateral  line  abont  35.  Color  appar- 
ently brownish  or  yellowish,  with  well-defined  dark-brown  spots  on  sides 
of  head,  back,  and  sides;  the  spots  largest  along  sides,  some  of  them  us 
largo  as  the  osseous  plates,  smaller  on  back;  .apparently  a  dark  band 
from  front  of  orbits  to  tip  of  snout;  dorsals  with  dark  patches;  a  dark 


Jordan  and  live nnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2059 


il')!'  dark   m 
vliioli  do  iiiii 

llOIlt  pllHHJll,; 

iuib  i»r«M)i»ci 
»ry  oliH('tu«'h 
(  iiiarkiii^H.  I 
pui'tH  iiicliii; 
ion  !USr)l{,  nil 
liviilnul  from 

to  belong  Id 
L»r8al  VIII,  ti; 
onor  of  Hon. 
jasury,  iitidir 

were  rarrii  d 

B,  1897  MS.,  u(f 
liv.  MiiH.    (;i>ll. 


J.  I,  2.     IJody 
hoxagonnl  w 
iferior  later.u 
)ri»'8  of  plat  IS 
Heries;  dors;il 
pll  iloveloiii'd, 
reast;    a  few 
ead  4-h«.'(lral, 
the  concas  f 
ith  creuiilatc 
iiie;  siiborlii- 
ow  down  on 
its  posteridi' 
oudiuK  ill  a 
larios,  witli 
part,  curved 
Hit  of  orbit; 
setb  ou  lower 
on  vomer  or 
at  angle  of 
ted  by  about 
cond  dorsal; 
th;  ventrals 
Color  appar- 
lots  on  sidi's 
e  of  tbeni  as 
a  dark  baud 
clies;  a  dark 


H|)ot  on  baHo  of  ptx-torai.  Kanicbatka.  'I'IiIh  ar.roimt  takun  from  1  of  tho 
ivpo  Hpoi'iniciiM  prcHt'nttid  "  to  tln<  licland  Slanfovd  Junior  rnivcrsity 
.MiistMuu  by  Dr.  ('oih)tt.     (Naniod  for  Iharlcs  llcnry  (lilbcrt.) 


'  Till'  (ollowiim  is  Dr.  ('ollt'tt'n  ilfHiriplioii :  I-'irsl.  iIiU'hiiI  H:  hi'ioiiiI  ilorMiil  Hiir  0;  mini  10 
iir  II  :  |iui'l<inil  I'ltolT',  liilrnil  liiii' :iH.  Tlix  luiily  Ih  vitn  I'l.inualt'd  uihI  <'i>iii|iri'NHt'il,  ratliiT 
liiull  ia  IVoiit,  aiitl  la|i<'rili<;  lo  tlm  Inll.  Mm  Iii'i;.'IiI  (I'roiu  Miilrulsto  lli'sl  doi-Niil  hi- il<-) 
.  cIiiuIh  till- li-ii^lli  <•!'  (!■<■  .siiDiil,  iiiid  It  I'liiitiiiiit'il  in  llie  totid  li'ii;;lli  iihuiil  S  tinifH.  'I'lio 
lail  iscdiiiiirfMHi'd,  loiiKiind  HlclidtT:  iln  lii'iylit  r\crv\vln'ir  yifiiler  lliiin  its  liri'a<llh.  'I'lio 
JHiid:  IIm  li'iiclh  i>  I'oalaiiiiil  in  lull  i;i'<i\vik  spi'i'laiiiii  t  liiiicM,  in  ,vi>iiii;;i'i'  oiii's  alxiiil  ;i] 
liiiii'H  in  till*  total  l«'iin;i|i  (rinidal  iinliidi'd).     'riiiiH  in  4  Hpt'i-iinoiiM  'il' ditl'crciil  hI/i'h  IIio 

|ii'ii|iiii'li<iiiH  aro  lht>  I'cill'iwiii;; :  'I'utal  IimikIIi  I^'I  i -,  lii'ad  lrn;;tli  :i-liii  linum;  tolnl  Iimi;{IIi 

.'.'•4  mm.,  head  It'iiutli  :i  7;i  linn-s:  total  lf>mtli  'JT7  nun.,  Iiftti!  Irn^tli  4  III  tiimH:  total 
li'iiijth  L'lHI  nun.,  head  IniKlli  4  O'J  tiini'H,  Snout  vi'i'y  lolii;,  '.\  timi-H  l<m;!('r  (or  more)  than 
I  iM<  inti'i'orlulal  Hpactt  (IxM  with  iIik  Iiiimi'h  of  the  HiiiiraiK'ular  m|iIii«!s).  t'oHlcrior  (tart  iil' 
iIh'  lixad  rinniiarativfly  Hmootli,  lhi>  inlcnnltital  Hparo  rallicr  <'»m'av<i;  ini  )|iiadrMnKiiliii' 
|dt  (in  tlio  ocriiini  ill  IVoiit  of  tlio  dorHal  HcalcM.  K.\r  coin |iai'a lively  lar^e  ;  the  liori/.unlul 
diameter  a  little  larger  lluiii  the  \ertieal.      It  Ih  ediitaineii  a  little  liior<<  than  2  liineM  in  the 

jeimtlmf  the  HiKHit,  and  rather  inoro  than  4  ti h  in  the  len^'lli  of  the  head.     (;irri  on 

jiiwiu' Hide  of  8MOIII  (in  I'ronl  ol'  the  )ireiiia\illar^\ )  and  at  the  ali);ln  of  the  JaWH.i  Their 
|i'ii;:lli  eipialH  that  of  thee\e.  Month  entirely  iiii'erior;  diHlanee  I'loni  |ireinaxillai'ieH  lu 
I  III  III  rti.strll  H|iineH  ahoiit  e<|iial  to  t  he  l(<nulli  <•!'  the  eve.  Teeth  in  the  jawM,  vonieriiie  or 
palaliiie  teeth  iioiut.  .Vriratiiru  of  tli»  liead  iiineli  like  that  of  A,  iifiiicuin'riiniK.  Tho 
nistriil  spini'H  4,  2  imijeetinj;  hori/ontally  forward,  "J  (liehind  the  llrst)  <'iirved  hackward. 
A  third  pair  on  tli(<  siiinit  (iniieh  iKMrer  the  eye  than  tho  riHlral  Hpines).  Orhilal  riil^o 
tvilh  a  siiiulo  Hpiiie  i.snpnioealar,  uo  (ireoeiilar) ;  the  lower  ridj^e  lliiely  Hcrratetl.  Octdpi- 
lal  rid<;eH,  (ipereiiliim,  and  pi'eo|ierenliiin  iih  in  A  .  (triin'iisi'i  iiiii»,  lint  the  Hpinu.H  nioi'i) 
pointedand  loii;:er.  Siihorhital  with  adoiilde  rid^ie  at  IIh  lower  inar^'in,  the  upper  lidK" 
with  2  distinet  pgiiiies  ladiind,  and  a  third  (HoinetiineH  indict  i net)  at  ei|iial  dlHlance  from 
Ihoeyeand  the  tip  of  thoHnoiit.  Head  with  nitont  IH  distinet  H|iiiie,.,  alto^fetlier.  .\rina- 
Mire  ol  liody  :  I'laleA  on  I  he  hack  and  sides  of  Mm  Maine  ininilicr  an  in  A .  aripfiismiiiin,  but 
the  s]iineit  are  lon;;er  and  curved  mure  hairkward,  and  Htroni;  e\eiywhere  from  head  to 
caudal.  Itetw.'uii  the  \i  dorsal  kecd.s  and  liet  ween  tho  -  lateral  keels  there  aro  no  tracoH  uf 
:inother  ki'ol  (as  in  .1.  riiUiis).  Itreast  with  iihout  HI  polyi;onal  platcH,  4  of  which  form  a 
series  on  each  Side  and  'J  a  median  scri(>s;  liaH.-Hol  pectorals  and  ventralH  also  siimiunded 
with  plutuB.    All  lliu  platett  havu  u  aUurt  Hpiuc  iu  tbuirueutur.    Uursal  plutcHuuiiihirio;;— 

I'hivOM. 

From  occipnt  to  tlrst  dorsal (pair) . .  4 

h'irst  dorsal  ex  tending'  over do....  8 

lictween  the  dorsals do ;i 

Second  dorsal  extondiny:  over do....  II  |  1 

From  Hocond  dorsal  to  caudal (siunle)..  15 

The  dorsal  keel  (coalescing  with  the  keel  on  the  other  side  at  thellfteenth  |ilatein  front 
(it  the  caudal  tl|i)  's  conHe<|uently  compoHcd  of  :iH  or  :i!l  plates;  the  lower  laloral  keel 
extending  from  lower  liaso  of  the  caiiilal  to  baHu  uf  tho  teuth  pectoral  ray,  cuutains  35 
plates.    Abdominal  plates nuiiihoring— 

Plates. 

From  von  t  rals  to  anal (pair) . .  11 

I'lis  anal  extendinjr  over do 1(1 

From  anal  to  caudal (single)..  17 

Tho  abdominal  keel  (eoale.scinii;  at  tho  Hovent<>eiith  plato  in  front  <if  the  caudal)  is  forine<l 
liv  a  aeries  of  ;i8  jilales.  Lateral  line  distinct:  ;i8  |iores.  Fins:  In  tho  lU  specimens  at 
present  preserved  iu  tho  musouin  at  C'hristiauia,  tho  tin  rays  are  the  lulluwiiig: 

1  D.  8  2  1).  8        A.  10        P.  17-17 

8  9  10  M6 

8  9  10  16-16 

8  8  10  1.5-16 

8  8  10  17-17 

8  8  10  17-17 

8  8  10  10  17 

8(+l)        8  11  10-17 

8  8  10  1.5-10 

8  9  10  17-17 

First  dorsal  bc<;inH  behind  the  fourth  dorsal  plato  and  has  8  rayR  (I  spccimnn  has  an 
:idditional  sh^nder  ray  in  tho  space  between  tho  2  dorsals).  lis  height  equals  its  distance 
Irom  the  head.  It  extends  over  8  scales;  the  first  2  rays  in  the  space  between  the  fourth 
iind  fifth  plate.  The  dorsal  tins  are  separated  by  3,  .sometimes  by  4  ]ilatos.  Se<!ond  dorsal 
has  8,  sometimes  9,  rays,  and  extends  over  8  plates ;  behind  the  last  rays  is  1  pair  of  plates 

'  All  the  specimeua  are  iu  u  bad  state  of  preservation  and  most  of  the  barbels  are  lost. 


2(m)         nuUdhi  /7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


* 


m 


.1  i/ii/i iix  i/i'/biT/i,  Coi.i.Kir,  I'lMir. /iiol.  SiM'.  I.oikIoii  IHIM.  1)7(1,  |il.  4J.   Kamchatka,    ((.'ull 
lIiMir.v  Liinil.    'r,v|M>s,  Miih.  C'liriHlliiiiia;  riily|M<,  27H3,  L.  S.Jr.  I'niv,  Mim.) 

'.Ml!!.  rOIIOTIIKniK  ilHINI'SOM,  .ronlitii  K  (iillmrl.  iinw  m|iim'1mi. 

J).  \'lll  or  l\-<i;  A.ti;  1*.  Hi.  ilciiil  rathitr  Itioiidlx  triaii^uliir,  itH^rroai 
UNt  widlli  iKTOHH  prrupeioiiliir  i'i«i^*>H  ;;.'<-iit«.'r  than  iliHtfiiiio  I'loin  unt*;iiiii 
oimI  (tt'iM'(<i)|M-i'('iiliir  ridgo  to  tip  of  Mtioiit.  l.tittMiil  rid^ti  on  IhmkI  cuiitiiiu. 
oiiH  fruiii  tip  oi'Hiioiit  uioii^r  Kiiliui'ltitiii  |m)ii(>s  to  ItJiHuot' pr<  (>i)<'i'(Miiiir  nt'si, 
tli«)  lntcnil  Hitint'H  usual  in  tiiiH  ycniiM,  bciiijr  r«>pi-VM<uitc<l  l»y  tiiaiif^iilii 
pnxi-HHi'B  hoi'iKt  (HI  till'  rid^f ;  pntoptTciilar  rid^u  pntdiicrd  ])OBtoi-iorly 
bryoiid  ;;ill  opening.  Imt,  not  spinu  lilvu;  Hiioiit  toiiiiiiiiitiii;;  atiti-rloily  m 
2  loiiiidiMi  jnocfMHrN,  «Mit;li  l>t'arinj;on  its  iipptT  siirrato  ji  vortical  croHt,  ami 
iiiii-l.v  Hrrrat«)  aloii^  itH  margins;  no  terminal  pair  ol'  Htroii<,'  NpinoH  as  in 
otliiT  Hprt'it'H;  iindt-r  Hidr  of  Hiioiit  with  an  acnto  invdian  Hpinu  din-cltil 
downward  and  hacivward;  a  pair  of  Htron<r  npinuH  on  ii|(per  Mido  of  Hnonl 
liidiiiitl  tt'nninal  noHtral  rid;;u;  a  itair  of  coalesced  Hpines  iii'liind  tlio  mis- 
tral groove;  a  Honiicircular  series  of  spin<d«t8  iieiow  th«  ey*;;  two  sniiill 
tiiftti  of  lilanituitH  ou  iindtu-  sidtt  «)f  snout,  on*)  on  middle  of  niuxilliirv, 
and  one  at  itH  tip.  A  narrow  haixl  of  nliarp  teeth  in  each  Jaw;  vomer 
and  palatines  toothless,  (iill  inenihranes  nnited  to  isthmus  without  e\  i 
dent  free  fold.  Orbital  rim  much  elevated;  inturorbital  space  narrow, 
deeply  concave,  its  width  ,'■',  diameter  of  orbit;  oceijiital  ridges  Htioiiu, 
elevated  posteriorly,  cndiny  in  a  backwardly  directed  spiue  which  i.s  mm  h 
larger  than  those  of  the  Itody  jdates;  oceipitul  area  narrow,  deeply  coii- 
Cttve,  its  central  portion  sunk  somewhat  below  htvel  of  interorbital  hp.K  e, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  shallow  transverse  groove;  u  simiinr 
groove  behind  occdpital  spines;  area  between  occiitital  and  temponil 
ridgt'H  also  deeply  coneave ;  a  strong  opercular  ridge.  All  the  plates  with 
strong  spines,  including  those  of  the  ventral  series;  tlie  weakest  spines  luo 
on  tho  anterior  ])late8  of  the  lateral  series;  plates  on  breast  with  central 
spine  and  radiating  ridges;  dorsal  series  with  f(^wer  plates  than  in  other 

bel'ort!  till)  nn)iuirml  HoricH  befrjim.  Anal  Iiiih  eoiiiinoiily  10  rii\H  (in  I  Hpfloiinoii  II),  il^ 
lit'iKlit  ecpinU  Ihnt  of  llie  Hociniil  dorsal,  and  ih  rattier  lex's  than  that  of  tli«  first  dorsal.  It 
coniiiieiices  lintwec^n  tli<«  ulevenlli  anil  twelfth  ]>airH  of  Hcales  in  tlio  ahdoiiiinal  seiics. 
VtMitrals  Mliort  in  the  I'eiiinleH,  shorter  than  the  vortical  dianieterof  the  eye;  longer  in  Ilir 
nial(>,  eijiialliiif;  the  len$!th  ot  the  Hnoiit.  Kaeh  hat)  1  Hhort  spine  and  'A  articulated  lavs.  'J 
of  wliicli  are  divided  at  their  haHe.  They  are  ntceived  in  a  lonfcitudinal  common  Kn><>^<' 
{•'  I'oilotliectti").  I'eetoral  has  10  or  17,  rarelv  15  rays,  hoiiic  of  which  are  Hoiiiesiinv.s 
branched  in  their  upper  halt,  but  not  always.  The  lirst  ray  is  short,  about  ecjnal  to  ^  tin' 
secondray;  the  lowermost  rays  a  little  thicker  than  the  rest.  Its  forin  ia  a  little  emiiii;! 
uate,  the  hi'th  lower  ray  lieinji  a  trillo  lon);er  than  the  sixth  and  seventh.  The  tipexlcmls 
to  a  distance  from  the'  iinal  of  2  or  .'1  jihites.  Color:  jimyisl'  brown  with  dark  spots  anil 
Hhortish  bands;  belly  whitish.  On  the  iipjier  jiartof  the  head  the  spots  form  lon;;itu(liii;il 
bands,  1  of  these  (8iiijj:le)  running  down  In  the  median  line  of  front,  between  the  eyes.  A 
sei^ond  (and  more  dintinet)  band  extends  on  each  side  of  the  snout  from  the  tip'  to  (Ik^ 
anterior  marf^in  of  the  eye,  hence  riinnin);  under  the  orbital  rim;  in  .some  specimens  it  is 
continued  as  a  narrow  riiifi  round  the  eye,  but  (toiumonly  tliis  is  broken  and  inilistinct. 
On  the  opercles  and  the  sideH  of  the  fluoiit  the  splits  are  roundish  and  well  ninrked.  On 
the  body  also  the  spots  are  roundish,  barely  obloiis;,  their  size  erpialliiiK  that  of  the  puiiil. 
They  are  darkest  and  most  distinct  on  the  back,  bein^ sometimes  almost  obliterated  on  Ihc 
sides.  Theccdor  of  the  tins  is  rather  indistinct  in  the  badly  preserved  specimens  bernic 
me.  The  pectorals  have  a  dark  oblonj;  spot  at  their  ba-ses  ffrom  about  sixth  to  eleveiiili 
raj') ;  the  dorsais  have  2  dark  bars  separated  by  whitish,  and  with  the  tin  in  first  dorsal 
also  blackish  (in  second  whitish).  The  caudal  has  a  dark  cross  bar  a  little  behind  tin- 
base,  and  a  dark  marj^in.  Tlio  anal  is  apparently  whitish  to  the  margin  ii?  the  female:  in 
the  single  male  specIlll(^n  at  least  tlie  outer  half  is  blavkiab.  Kaiucbtitka  (tyX'*^  spi'i'i- 
meiis  iu  the  Christiuuiu  Mutieuuj).    (Collott.) 


Jordan  and  livcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     -0(»1 


hutka.     (Cull 
llrt.) 

I'lM. 

ir,  itH  Krcal- 
iim  iinltMioi 
'iid  i'uiitiiiii- 
rciiliir  ( Tfsi, 
r  ti'ian<{iil;ir 

])(>Htoi'iurly 
iitt-riorly  in 
'III  t'l'OHt,  anil 
HpiiivH  us  in 
inu  (lircclcil 
ii<i)i  of  Hiioiil 
iiiil  tlic  IIOS- 
;  two  Hiiiiill 
1  iiiaxilliii  V, 
Juw;  vomer 
witliovit  cv  i 
lace  ii.'ii'i'ow , 
«ij;es  Htniiii;, 
hich  iH  iiiiirli 
,  deeply  ton- 
iibital  HinHf, 

;    u   Hiiuil:ir 
11(1  ti'iiiporiil 

pliit«;u  witli 

HtHpiiieHiiro 
with  cfiitiiil 

ban  in  otlit-r 


.s|>i>t;iuii;  '^  in  front  of  HpiiioiiH<lorHal,  II  (or  1L>)  aloii^  Ihiho  of  Hpinonsilortial, 
'J  (or  1)  itt'twcm  tlorsals,  (i  at  baso  of  Roft  iloiHiil,  11  (or  i:i)  nupiiiitd 
pluti'H  on  itiu'k  of  raiulal  ptidiincln.  Tlio  unpairud  platoH  witli  tho  Hpiiio 
iiotrlind  lit  tip;  ali  tlin  platoH  niarluMl  witii  Htron;;  liidiatin^  i'id>;»K  and 
tlie  surface  of  tlio  spinoH  niiniitely  !-ou};;hi'ii(Ml.  Color,  li^rht  jjray  iiliovo, 
\viiit«t  Ix'low;  tup  and  HiduH  of  head  with  Idacli  dotn  and  daslies;  liiuk 
I  i'ohsimI  by  Hi\  narrow  lilai'k  hiii'H.  IM.stin;;iiisbrd  from  all  otbcr  Npt'iicB 
iif  tin;  K*^niiH  ity  tin-  ^u-at  devtdopniont  of  tbo  liiteral  rid<;o  and  Hpint's  on 
lii>ad.  Tbis^ivt'Htht^  head  and  espciially  tlir  siuuit  a  niuib  iiroadi-r  outline, 
iipproatdiing  in  thlM  n-spt'ct  .iytnins  cntaplirttciuH,  Tiie  Hpecies  is  rcpro- 
Hi'iited  by  sovi'ral  yonnj?  specinienH  in  ratbcr  poor  ronditioii,  th«i  type 
lioing  r>li  nun.  long.  Tlie  ontlin*'  and  armature  of  tlie  lifiid  are  not,  bow- 
cvur,  esHeiitially  different  in  young  an<l  adults  of  sinh  H]te('ioH  as  are 
known  to  ns  from  Hperimens  of  ditl'erent  si/uB.  Olf  Shanii  May.  Itiinip 
I  laud,  Kuril  (iron)).  (TliiH  sperius  is  named  in  lioiior  of  I'rof.  D'Aroy 
Weiitwortb  'riiompson,  of  tbi-  rnivcrsity  at  Dundee,  tim  fomniiHsioner  of 
l.reat  Uritaiu  in  the  fur  Heal  invostigatiouH  in  Iteriiig  .Sia  in  WMi  and 
IS'J7.) 

Vmhiheeus  thompsoni,  .Toiin-iN  &  (iiuiERT,  Uopt.  Fur  Seal  Invent.  ISOO,  1897  M.S.,  off 
Shana  Bay,  Iturup  Island,  at  Albatross  Station  3653,  in  18  fathoms.  (Typu,  Ku. 
50U7,  L.  S.  Ji.  Univ.  },lun.    Coll.  Mbatrotii.) 

2418.  I'ODOTHKtlM  Aril'KXSKRIMM  *  (Til.siua). 
(Common  Allioatoii  Fish.) 

B.  fi;  I  D.  8  to  10;  L>  l).7or8;  A.7or8;  IMTor  18;  V.  3  (I,  2);  C.  1-12-1; 
vortehra-  12-j-2i)  — 41.  I'yloric  eu'ca  7  (2  individuals).  Total  length 
i<  iudies  10  in(dieH.  Mody  as  deep  as  wide,  ridges  of  dorso-  and  ventro- 
lateral series  strong,  wliile  those  of  the  rest  are  bnt  little  developed,  tlius 
Riving  body  a  sharply  <|nadraugular  form  in  front;  dorsal  and  ventral 
faces  Hat  between  ridges,  tbe  lateral  convex,  liehind  middle  of  Hrst  dor- 
Hul  tbo  lateral  ridgos  become  more  itromiucnt  and  body  more  regularly 
H-iiedral;  tail  tJ-hedral,  stnmgly  depressed.  The  strong,  curved,  minutely 
serrated  spines  of  the  dorscdateral  series  grow  smaller  from  o<"ci|mt  back- 
\v;ird  and  disappear  at  beginning  of  second  dorsal ;  superior  lateral  series 
spinous  from  middle  (d"  (irst  d(»rsal  to  middle  of  i»ednncle;  inferior  lateral 
m  lies  spinous  for  a  short  distance  from  a  little  in  front  of  to  a  little  behind 
iinal;  ventrolateral  series  keeled,  not  spinous.  Two  pairs  of  ])lates 
lictwecn  last  ray  of  second  dorsal  and  first  median  plate,  and  2  to  1  pairs 
between  last  anal  ray  and  first  median  plate.     About  20  well-develf)pe<l 

Di.iKnosis:  llmly  tapering  uniformly  from  heart  to  cnndal,  as  IueIi  as  wirto  anteriorly, 
wiiltliat  base  of  pectorals  7  in  len<;tli  .'tail  from  front  of  second  dorsal  to  <'aiiilal  much 
(li'jiressed:  head  4;  platOH  In  dorsal  serii^M  :;7  to  :I8;  hetwecii  occiput  and  tlrst  dorsal  4 
piih's:  between  dorsals  2  or  !<;  troni  vciitrals  to  anal  lU  to  11  |>airs.  (Jill  nieiiibraiies .joined 
til  isthmus  without  fold;  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines.  A  pair  of  complox  (;roi>])8  of 
l)Mrli*:ls  on  under  side  of  tip  of  snout,  another  group  at  angle  ot  mouth,  and  a  pair  of 
(icMilde  barbels  at  sides  of  lower  Jaw.  Snout  with  2  pairs  of  s]>ine8,  1  pair  directed  hori- 
'/.imlally  forward,  the  other  ciirvinji  backward  and  outward.  One  pair  supraocular  ami 
1  pair  ilecipital  spines.  Color  grayish  browD,  yellowish  below ;  sides  with  narrow  undu- 
laiiug  vertical  blackish  strefiks. 


■ 

T 

w 

'srf 

I 

• 

■  1  ■ 

I-. 

to 

■'I 


\% 


Ill 


2002         IhiUitin  47,  UtiUcd  States  National  nftiscum, 

pliiti-H  nil  lirflfiHt.  llriiiichioHto^iil  iiKMiiliriinoN  iiihI  low<ir  nI<I»  of  tiian 
fliltlc  <iv('ryvvlu'r<«  iiivki-fl;  two  or  W  iiKulfrnto  iiliitcH  in  front  of  |»«>rtiM  J 
liii;  MKMMlir.'iMo  lictwi'i^n  vontrolati  tjiIm,  Ih>IiiiiiI  vrnt,  willi  iiiimhth  w 
iiii|M'rf<M-tl.v  <l<>v<'lu|)e«l  pliittm;  \\»\w  Ix^twcnn  v<>ntriilH  tinil  vont.  Ili  hI 
'l-lii'<litil,  ta|M'riU)^  to  h  Ion;;  nnont,  itn  wiiltli  ti'j  in  Im^tli  of  Itoily.  neatly 
vt-rtical;  orltitH  hi^li  u]),  nlioiit  1^  in  licatl.  Siipraoi  iilar  ri<l^<>H  lii^li,  w  nh 
a  vi'ry  Htroii^'  Npini",  orcipital  riil^t>H  Ion;;,  risin>;  f;ruilniilly  iiiul  »niiin;:  ,11 
a  Nin;;lo  Htrnn^  Hpini>;  t«Miiporal  riil;;«-fl  niodnr-itt',  rnding  in  a  Hnmll. 
HnpraNcapnlnr  Npiiii- ;  suliorhitai,  pr('o|)iM'fl<\  anil  oprnlc  ra<lially  Mtrialrd  ; 
Hiihorliital  ri<i;;o  low  <io\vn  (ni  cheoK,  Hlxtlf-likti  in  fronton  |ir<torl)ital,  w  ith 
2  siinill  H|tin«tM,  a  niiniito  onu  on  ]>r«M)rl)ital  and  a  Htron^;  <>n»  on  prcoperrlo. 
Opcrrlo  with  a  Nli;;Iit  rid;;<>,  niinnto  Hpiin^  or  nono;  intrrorhital  H])iii'i' 
foncavo,  alMiiitilA  in  ht>ad,  llat  hftwt^'n  tln^  Hitpraorliital  rid;>:<<N,  coviriil 
with  Hkin  and  with  13  niinnto  rid;;eH  fxtendinf;  n^iward  hniKitiidinally 
from  noar  tlio  ineNi'thnioidal  H))iiit'H;  roHtrnin  ])rojc('tin;;  far  lioyond  pif- 
niaxillanoH,  witli  a  ]))iir  of  Npiiws  dii-cittMl  hori/ontally  forward,  h  'limd 
thfs*'  anotlior  pair,  faitlior  apart,  cnrvcd  backward  and  ontwanl.  Siioui 
from  pn^inaxiilariuH  totipof  H])in«>  rqiial  toorhit;  maxillary  reaching;  frmii 
of  orhit;  lowrr  Jaw  v«ry  Hliort,  l»roa<l,  falling;  far  short  of  upper,  'rnlh 
weak,  low,  <ixcoHHiv('ly  f«nv  and  woak  on  n])]M^r  .jaw,  nono  on  vomer  ami 
palatines.  A  pair  of  ('(nnplux  ;rroiiph  of  harlirls  on  nnder  side  of  tip  nf 
Hnont:  another  ;;roiip  at  an;;l«'  of  month,  appan-ntly  made  up  of  4  hiiIkh' 
dinate  ^jronps — 1  near  tip  and  L'  at  tip  of  maxillary,  ami  1  at  aiinir  oi 
month  ;  a  pair  of  double  barbelH  at  Hides  of  lower  .jaw.  Dorsal  lliis  cldsc 
together;  anal  be;;inninga  littlein  front  of  B(!con«l  dorsal ;  pectorals  aluini 
0  in  body,  their  base  li.J  in  their  Ien;;th,  nearly  trnneate.  VcntralHof  feinnlr 
equal  orbit,  in  male  twice  an  long;  width  of  eandal  at  base  Hin  the  lenf^tli. 
Lateral  line  'XI  to  ;{!•.  Color  grayish  brown  above,  yellowish  below,  mIiIcn 
with  narrow  undulating  brownish  black  vertical  streaks  in  intervals 
between  ))lates;  first  dorsal  with  a  broad  banti  of  darker  along  niidillc, 
black  edged;  pectorals  with  a  dark  bar  near  base;  several  more  or  li  >> 
distinct  cross  liars  of  darker,  formed  by  long  dark  streaks  on  rays;  iiilr 
rior  third  of  tin  nearly  uniformly  dark;  ventrals  light  in  female,  dark  m 
nnile;  anal  edged  with  black  jiosteriorly ;  caudal  olivaceous,  tippetl  willi 
darker.  Length  10  to  12  inches.  Kamchacka  to  I'liget  Sound,  in  nioili- 
rate  depths,  everywhere  the  most  abundant  of  the  family.  Very  coniiiinii 
in  I'uget  Sound.  The  specimens  here  described  from  the  Aleutian  Islands, 
According  to  Dr.  (iilbert,  this  is  one  of  the  most  abundant  species  m 
Alaska,  occurring  everywhere  in  shallow  water  :iround  the  Aleut i;m 
Islands  and  in  Bristol  Hay.  {acijmniit'riniis,  sturgeon-like;  Ao'qttnscr,  stiir 
geon.) 

Aijonusadpemerinns,  Tn.Esius,  Mi'-m.  Acnd.  Potorab.,  iv,  422,  pi.  11,  fig.  10.1, 1811,  Unalaska; 

GO.NTiiKK,  Cut.  KiHhi'H,  11,212, 18(i0;  JouuAM  \  CiLBKKT,  I'roc.  U.S.  Nat.  Muh.  1H8(),  :;:•.' 
PodiilhevMS  peritiMhiis,  Cu.l,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  XUI,  1861,   77,  2.')9,  Simeahnioo, 

Washington  Territory. 
Phalantjistes  aeiiiftuD'rinun.  l'AU.A.«,  Zoog.  llospo-ABlat.,  in,  110,  pi.  1811. 
Agpiiloplioniii  acipcnuiriiiHs,  Cuviku  \  Vai.knciennks,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  iv, 207, 1829. 
I'odotheeiis  aci/ienseri ii  uk,  3 {mi>A.S  &.  GlI.HliUT,  .S.viiopsis,  7110,  188;t. 
Faragonua  acipen*ennu$,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Niit.  >Sci.  Phila.,  xni,  1861, 167. 


Jordan  and  l-'.irnnanu.  —Fishes  of  North  Amerka,      -0<i3 


Ni<lo  of  mini 

t    of   pCI'tdl   1 1 

III    iniinorn  H 

vent.     Ill  Ml 

Itoily.  ni'iii  Iv 

;fH  hij;ii,  with 

ilitl  oii(liii;>;  ,11 

in   u  Nin.ill, 

ally  Mti'iiili'il : 

iturbitai,  \n  itli 

m  ]»r('o|ipri  If. 

orllitlll  H]i;irr 
(l^i^H,  COVflcil 

Dii^itiKliniilly 

•    llOytMXI    |1M'- 

wiird,  1)  'IiukI 
ward.  Siiiiiii 
rt'achiiij;  rnmi 
i]>pcr.  'I't'illi 
>ii  vomer  Mini 
Hide  of  tip  of 

\\\  of  4   Hlllidl 

1  at  !iiii;li'  (il 
rsal  lins  clnHc 
t'CtoralHiiliiiHi 

TlllHof  feilKlli 

ill  the  Icii^illi. 
h  below,  siilis 

ill    iiiteiviiN 
iloiijr  middle, 

inoro  or  ii  ■<> 
rays;  iiitV- 
liiiiile,  dark  in 
L  tipjied  Willi 
|itid,  in  iiiixli  ■ 

k''ery  comniDii 
iitiaii  Islamls. 
kilt  specits  111 
Ithe  AIouliMii 

ujHUscr,  stiir 

11811,  Unalaska, 
V.  MiiH.  \m).  :.■■:. 

l9,  Simeahnioo, 


\,  207, 1829. 


•.>4II.  l'OIM»TIU:n  S  VK'r»:itMIN,-  .lonlitii  .V  SliukH. 

Huiul  Uji  ill  loii^lli;  doptli  7k.  !>■  IX,  K;  A.  H;  aciilcs  in  liiteral  line 
MorM!);  pi^ctoriil  I't;  orbit  1|  in  IkmuI;  Hiioiit  -", ;  upper  riiyH  of  pectoral 
II;  hi|rheHt  doiKul  Hpine  '2^;  hi>j;heKt  dor^Mil  ray  '2i;  liit^hest  uiial  rayj^; 
<  aiidal  '2L  hiidy  eliiii){ut<',  iiboiit  i\n  wide  as  dfep  anteriorly,  iiiiirh  wiiler 
liian  deep  poHteriorly  ;  month  inferior,  the  lower  Jaw  Hhnttin^  far  behind 
ilie  iippiM-;  toeth  onjawH,  vernier,  and  |>alutineN  oltHcdete;  a  few  Hhort  bar- 
liels  beneath  Hiiont  in  front  of  inoiith  and  at  an^'le  of  month,  their  li'ii;;th 
about  equal  to  pnpil,  lower  Jaw  very  eavernoiiH.  .V  pair  of  Nliort,  blunt, 
I'oHtral  spineH  pointing  directly  forward;  at  their  baHe  and  wider  apart  Ih 
;i  |tair  of  Hharp  HpincH  cnrvint;  outward,  baek ward,  and  npwartl;  at  the 
l>-  sterioi'  end  of  the  rather  wide  nrntral  groove  is  a  pair  of  Hiiiall  spiniH 
pointing  upward  and  backward;  from  tluir  baao  a  pair  of  divci'Kin^ 
ridgen  .-nil  throiiKh  the  intcrorbital  to  above  posterior  margin  of  <u'bit; 
I  Htioii;;  Hpiiic  over  eye,  and  a  longer  one  at  occiput;  a  low,  sharp  ridge 
on  Hide  of  head,  running  from  ocular  spine  antl  ending  in  a  low  spine  at 
upper  end  of  gill  opening;  a  very  low  ridge  ou  operclc  not  ending  in  a 
spine;  preopeiele  with  a  Htroiig  Hpine  with  a  wide  keel-like  base;  a 
booked  H]>ino  below  eye  (Mi  Huborbital,  from  which  a  ridge  innH  along 
lower  edge  of  prcorbitui  to  end  of  snout,  below  posterior  end  of  rostral 


*  Allied  to  PodutheeuK  vettrnuii  \h  ii  Oliiii«H«  Hpccioa: 

PODOTHECUS  STURIOIDES  ((iuicliciKit). 

I).IX,8;  A.IO;  P.15;  V.  1, 2.  Deptli,  nt  nnpti,  H  In  total  lcn«tli.  Hcxly  olongntc,  ortng- 
oiial  III  front,  iniicli  iitloiniattMl,  anil  lid'oiniiit;  ]ienliif;onal  Iti'liiiid:  every wlicrx  covoreil 
witli  OMNiious  railially  utriattMl,  lii'*>lf<l  platuH  wliii'li  arc  liii;li(>r  tliiin  long:  llio  keels  with 
ilcntiuiilate  ctlKen  aiel  terininatiii};  in  hurkwunlly  ilin>(!t«>irMiiiiieM,  t'oriuiiig  S  loiiKitniliniil 
Hi-ries,  4  on  each  Hide,  lircaitt  in  I'rontot'  piM-torals  mill  iiicilian  line  of  linlly  arnioil  with 
Minaller  ))oly^onal  ]ilateH  with  keels  or  tabureles,  lint  witliont  liackwarilly  ilirectoil  spinuM. 
Snout  conical  (not  iliviileil  nt  ti]i),  foriiiinjj  n  Htroiii;  iirojection  in  front  of  month,  anil 
Hoiiiewluit  reHenihliiiK  thai  of  tiie  Htiirgoon,  arnicil  at  its  lip  with  2  pairs  of  spines,  tiio 
interior  ilirectvil  forwanl  ( I)  anil  the  posterior  npwnril  and  hack  wai"'  the  Itony  ]iicccs  of 
which  it  is  coni|)i)se<l  witii  their  edges  ilenticnlate,  as  are  the  sliarp  keels  of  the  siihor- 
liitals;  a  HtroiiK  hackwardly  directed  Hpine  (closelv  iipproxiiiiatcil  nasal  spincH)  on  iniildlo 
iif  .snout.  Lateral  line  inarkeii  hy  an  intcrrnpteil  series  of  snuiki  tnhnloiis  and  osseous 
elevations,  and  lies  hetween  the  2'ad,iacent  lateral  series  of  |datOH;  coninieiicing  at  height 
iif  sh.;vl(ler  it  desi^rilies  ,i  Hlightly  convex  curve und  bends  a  little  to  run  in  a  straighl  lino 
lo  liase  of  caudal.  Month  alittlo  protractile,  with  llcshy  lips,  and  sitiintcd  far  hehiiid  tip 
of  snout,  cleft  as  far  hack  as  front  of  eve.  Lower  .jaw-  with  extremely  line,  velvety  leetli; 
none  on  upper  .jaw  nor  on  vomer  or  pafatines.  A  ^roiip  of  long,  nnei'inal,  tieshy  titanieiits 
III'  liarliels  at  each  angle  of  upper  .jaw  and  iiiidcr  tip  of  siiont ;  under  each  hran'ch  of  lower 
jaw  2  others,  which  are  excessively  small.  Kyes  larue,  oval,  on  line  with  proHlc;  inter- 
iirhitnl  space  a  little  coneave,  equal  to  "transverse"  (vertical.')  diameter  of  orliit.  .\ 
pro.jei'ting  tubercle  or  spine  on  posterior  up|>cr  )>art  of  orliit,  and  another  on  caidi  side  of 
iiosterior  jiart  of  occiput.  Dorsals  separated  hy  an  interval  cipial  to  eve;  the  anterior 
lunger  than  jMisterior:  their  form  elliptical,  their  height  nearly  equal  iu  that  of  lioily; 
their  rays  slender,  llcxildc  at  tips,  eH|>ecially  those  of  jiosterior  tin.  Pectorals  large, 
nearly  as  long  as  head :  upper  rays  a  little  longer  than  these  next  below,  decreasing  gnid- 
iiall.v'to  tenth,  whence  thev  increase  a  little  and  again  decrease  by  degrees  to  last;  Slower 
rays  tiiickost,  their  tips  a  little  exserted ;  rays  all  sim]de  (not  branched).  Anal  comnieno- 
ing  under  end  of  tirst  dorsal,  which  it  equals  in  length  and  height.  Origin  of  venlrala 
under  base  of  pectorals;  they  are  small  (tips  broken  in  the  single  individual),  apparently 
of  ;j  rays.  Oauilal  long,  its  border  rounded,  about  8  in  total  length.  Color  yellowisli 
lirown,  paler  below,  with  a  very  light  Idack  iiunctiilation  and  more  or  less  reguhir,  rounti 
lii'own  spots  on  head  and  body;  spots  smaller  on  hack  tlian  elsewhere;  a  spot  of  same 
form  and  color  on  base  of  pectorals;  pectoral  tins  uniform  yellow;  dorsals  with  brown 
upon  rays;  a  dark  border  on  spinous  (dorsal);  a  dark,  narrow  band  from  anterior  bor- 
der of  eye  to  tip  of  snout.  .\  single  specimen,  lU)  inches  long.  (Jhiiia.  ((iuichonot.) 
(riiichenot's  figure  gives  1  more  ray  in  anterior  dorsal  than  the  description,  and  gives 
the  caudal  tin  as  strongly  concave     {sturio,  sturgeon;  ct£o«,  likeness.) 

Paragonua  sturioides,  GuicuENOT,  Nouvelles  Archiv,  Museum,  202,  pi.  Xtl,  flg.  3,  China. 


^jw ,.,  1 111)111,  |#!|i,p.<i|ni  .')fj(W(«iHfj.;^p^,wpfP uuijPiwaii « vim-ii;||i|tiiiii_pipi  ,- 


2064         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


groove;  ou  this  ridge  is  a  triangular  spin*;  puiuting  backward;  botwccn 
thiH  and  tlio  huborldtal  spino  iH  an  iicut«t  outward-pointing  Hpino  ik.i 
mut'h  widened  at  its  base;  intororbital  <'on«'av«>,  its  width  equal  to  tlic 
b-ngtb  of  th«  eye,  2  in  snout;  sn])raorbital  ri.n  prominent.  Dorsal 
ridge  of  body  continuouH  with  occi))ital  and  supraorbital  spines,  Joinin^r 
its  fellow  of  tL')  opposite  side  posteriorly  directly  Ix^hind  the  hccojhI 
dorsal,  and  continued  simply  on  caudal  peduncle;  the  spines  lari>;e  ami 
strongly  hooked  back  anteriorly,  becoming  noarly  obsol«-te  posteriorly, 
only  traceable  on  caudal  peduncle  by  the  center  of  each  plate  on  tin- 
median  line  being  slightly  produced;  spines  on  lateral  ridges  with 
stronger  spines  near  middle  of  body  than  anteriorly  or  posteriorly;  2  or  ;; 
blunt  spim-s  above  base  of  jtectoral,  indieuting  an  obsolete  ridge  between 
lateral  ridges;  lateral  line  at  end  of  pectoral  fin  running  along  the  upper 
lateral  ridg<j  a  short  distance!,  and  becoming  obsolete  anteriorly;  spinoH 
of  abdominal  ridge  low  and  blunt,  neaily  obsolete  posteriorly,  the  ridgn 
Joining  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side  directly  behind  base  of  anal  fin  and 
continuing  as  a  single  low  ridge  on  caudal  peduncle;  a  small  plate  before 
base  cf  each  ventral,  a  median  row  of  3  running  forward  to  gill  mcni- 
brane,  3  on  each  sid»!  .tf  these,  a  row  around  base  of  pectorals.  Origin  of 
dorsal  behind  the  fourth  dorsal  plate,  including  the  membrane  behind,  it 
(lovers  9  plates;  1  plate  between  dorsals,  the  sec(md  dorsal  covers  8  plates, 
behind  which  are  11  plates;  the  last  ray  of  first  and  second  dorsal  ami 
anal  connected  to  the  body  by  a  membrane;  upper  ray  of  pectoral  tlio 
longest,  reaching  to  below  the  ninth  or  tenth  spine  of  d'^^'sal  ridge,  the 
lower  rays  slightly  produced  beyond  th»>  membrane.  Color  in  spirits, 
reddish  brown  above,  light  below;  narrow,  irregular,  transverse  streaks 
across  back  ani  sides,  a  longitudinal  dark  bar  along  each  side  of  base  of 
both  dorsals ;  a  dark  streak  forward  from  eye ;  margin  of  spinous  dorsal 
blackish,  soft  dorsal  with  a  sukall  spot  behind,  a  dark  spot  on  pectoral 
rays  near  their  base,  and  some  dark  bars  behind  it  across  rays ;  anal  and 
ventrals  colorless;  caudal  dusky.  Sea  of  Ochotsk.  A  single  specimen, 
about  8  inches  in  length,  collected  by  Captain  IJlair  at  Robben  Island. 
This  species  is  related  to  /'.  acipenneriniis  and  /*.  gilhcrti  differing  fron, 
the  former  in  havhig  fewer  and  st'irter  barbels,  teeth  on  jaws  obsolete, 
keel  and  preopercle  larger,  dorsal  ridges  without  spines  posteriorly,  and 
the  spines  on  the  preorbital  ridge  difterent  in  shape.  From  the  latter  in 
having  the  body  difierent  in  shape,  not  everywhere  deeper  than  wide,  bui, 
the  reverse  posteriorly;  anal  much  shorter  and  lower,  no  teeth  on  Jaws, 
and  the  spines  on  preorbital  ridge  better  developed  and  different  in  shape. 
(Jordan  &  Starks.)  {vcternua,  an  old  man,  veteran,  ia  allusion  to  the  want 
of  tebcL.) 

Podothecua  vetemuf,  Jordav  &  Starks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  ")Ci.  1895, 819,  pi.  89,  Robben  Island. 
(Coll.  Capta»n  BUir.  'x'ype  presented  by  Alaska  Commercial  Company  to  L.  S.  Jr. 
Univ.  Mu8.,  N*».  4823.\ 

768.  AGONUS,  Bloch  &  Schneider. 

Agonus.  Bloch  &  Schneider,  Syst.  Iclith.,  104, 1801  (cataphraetut). 
Aspidophonig,  Lacki-kde,  lli.st.  Nat. Poiss.,  ni.  221, 1802  {cataphracHu) . 
Phalangistes,  Pallas,  Zoog,  llosso-Asiat.,  in,  1811, 113  (cataphraetut). 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     20G5 


18,  ,io;niii^r 


Closely  Jillit'd  to  I'o,lolhecH8,  Hody  tapering,  deprossed  anteriorly,  its 
tli'pth  (>  to  6ji,  its  width  l^  to  4|  in  its  lengt}..  Head  3f  to  4,  dopntHued, 
iihont  as  broad  as  Ion ff.  Plates  in  dorHuI  swries  about  31  or  32;  betwet^n 
occiput  and  tirst  dorsal  4  pairs.  Plates  of  body  kreled,  without  spinos. 
Moutli  small,  Hubinferior,  lower  jaw  includ«'d;  tetith  on  jaws,  none  on 
vomer  or  palatines,  (lill  membranes  joined  to  isthmus,  with  a  narrow 
tree  fold  behind.  Numerous  scattered  barbols  on  chin,  lower  jaw,  and 
hranchiostej^al  membrane;  a  single  ]>air  under  tip  of  snout.  Snout  with 
1!  pairs  of  upwardly  directed  spines.  Fins  short.  Northern  Europe; 
tanging  to  Iceland  and  Greenland,  (a-,  without;  yoovia,  joint,  i.e., 
rigid.) 

2415.  AOONUS  CATAPIIIUCTUS,  Linnicus. 


(Sea-Poacher  ;  I'oqoe.) 

Hr.  6;  D.  V  or  VI,  6to8;  A.  5  to  7;  P.  15  to  17;  V.3(I,2);  C.2(3)-7-2(3). 
I'yloric  crBea5orO(Day).  Oreatesthoight,  over  base  of  pecto.als  about7^, 
and  greatest  depth,  over  pr»^opercle8,  about  5  in  total  length;  greatest 
height  about  1^  in  greatest  breadtl:.  Vent  lies  at  about  ^  distance  from 
huso  of  ventrals  to  anal,  the  distance  between  it  and  tip  of  snout  3^  in 
total  length.  Body  anteriorly  depressed,  appearing  Eiss  so  because  of 
prominence  of  dorsal  ri<lges;  posteriorly  mueb  narrowed,  height  about 
e(iual  to  breadth;  anteriorly,  from  head  to  about  end  of  first  dorsal,  hex- 
agonal; caudal  peduncie  hexagonal,  with  dorsal  and  ventral  keels;  middle 
of  body  octagonal.  Plates  of  body  keeled,  4  pairs  between  head  an<l  first 
dorsiil ;  about  10  pairs  from  ventrals  to  anal ;  10  median  plat(;s  on  peduu- 
<le;  plates  in  dorsal  series  about  32.  Dorsal  and  anal  fins  lie  in  broad, 
shallow  grooves.  V^ent  between  plates  of  third  pair  behind  ventrals. 
1  lead  broad,  short,  its  length  about  4f  in  total  length ;  anteriorly  nnich 
narrowed,  dorsal ly  some's/hat  concave,  ventrally  flat.  Occipital  and  tem- 
poral ridges  each  with  a  blunt  tuberchi  or  spine.  Interorbital  spaeo 
concave,  considerably  more  than  longitudinal  diameter  of  orbit.  Nasal 
hones  large,  fused  together,  covering  the  mesethmoid,  and  jiTmed  ante- 
riorly with  2  pairs  of  upwariUy  directed  strong  spines.  Under  these,  near 
tip  of  snout,  1  pair  of  small  b.irbels.  Preorbital  scalloped  or  tnberculated 
!it  its  free  edge,  covering  maxillary.  Suborbital  armed  with  a  strong, 
pointed,  outwardly  and  backwardly  directly  spine.  Lower  jaw  included, 
maxillary  extending  much  behind  the  short  premaxillary.  Mouth  rather 
small,  almost  semicircular.  Numerous  barbels  on  chin,  angles  of  mouth, 
and  gill  membranes.  Eyes  small,  their  longitudiu.al  diameter  about  5  in 
iiead,  that  of  orbit  considerably  less  than  snout.  Uones  of  top  and  sides 
of  head  striated.  Pi'eopercle  with  a  strong  backwardly  and  upwardly 
directed  spine;  the  subtriangular  oporcle  without  spine.  Brunchioste- 
<;al  rays  6,  the  membrancE  united  and  joined  to  isthmus,  with  a  fold 
l)ehind(?).  Teeth  small  on  jaws;  none  on  vomer  or  palatines.  First 
dorsal  somewhat  rounded,  with  5  or  6,  usually  5,  spines;  second  dorsal 
with  6  to  8,  usually  8,  soft  rays,  a  little  higher  than  first;  (about  3  pairs 
of  plates  between  the  adjacent  rays  of  the  2  dorsals);  anal  begins  a  little 


'iiti' 


20G6         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


i              i 

'/I      1 

1 

■                    K 

f'l 


i-. 

If. 
,1 


I'l 


bebiud  beginning  of  secouil  (loi'Hal,  antl  endH  iiudnr  tho  poHterioi' end  oT 
tbc  bitter,  rays  5  to  7,  nsually  fi  or  7;  pectorals  birgo,  about  as  long  jih 
head,  broadly  oval  in  form,  witb  15  to  17,  nanally  15,  rays,  of  wliicli  tlx* 
lower  are  Homewbut  tbickencd  and  have  their  tips  oxserted;  ventralf* 
about  i  of  pectorals,  rays  3  (1, 2) ;  caudal  rounded,  with  7  long  rays,  and  on 
each  side  2  to  :i  small  ones.  Scales  with  37  to  40  pores.  Color  of  back  ami 
sidi'H  grayish  bn>wn;  sometimes  with  olive-brown  markings  and  sonn  - 
what  marbled  with  darker;  ventral  surface  pale;  3  or  1  blackish  oi 
blackish-brown  cross  patches,  of  which  1  lies  about  midway  on  peduiiclc 
and  1  at  base  of  caudal;  ventrul  side  of  tail  pale,  with  grayish-browii 
spots;  dorsals,  pectorals,  and  anal  grayish,  with  blackish-brown  patches 
forming  indefinite  bands.  Males  are  uistinguished,  according  to  Nilsson, 
by  a  genital  papilla  and  !)roader  interorbitul  space,  which  equals  1 : 
dianieti^r  of  eye.  Tho  young,  about  1^  inches  or  more,  differ  in  maii\ 
respects  from  the  adults.  According  to  Steenstrup  and  Liitken  they 
have  a  less  elongate  body  form,  its  breadth  about  3^  in  total  Icngtl/; 
snout  less  promineiit;  diameter  of  orbit  about  equal  to  snout;  the  1  nasal 
spines  smaller  than  in  adult,  but  the  keels  on  head  and  th<^  post-temporal 
spines  more  prominent  and  sharper,  as  are  also  the  koels  and  spines  of  the 
plates  of  the  body,  especially  those  on  anterior  part  of  back  and  on  tail. 
Median  dorsal  keel  of  tail,  which  is  single  in  the  adult,  i3  double  almost 
to  base  of  caudal.  Barbels  on  under  sicle  of  head  rudimentary.  Ventrah 
sonuiwhat  longer.  Vent  farther  back,  between  the  plates  of  fifth  pair 
behind  base  of  ventrals.  Shari)er  contrasts  between  the  light  and  darl< 
colors.  In  young  of  about  17  mm.  (about  f  inch)  Collett  found  head 
4  in  total  length.  Between  second  dorsal  and  caudal  fins  mere  traces  of 
the  embryonic  dorsal  tin.  Tipper  and  lower  jaws  equal.  Plates  of  body 
with  very  sharp  and  high  spines;  supraorbital  ridge  with  a  high,  sharj) 
spine;  both  the  dorsal  and  ventral  median  keels  of  tail  double.  Only 
anterior  part  of  lateral  line  apparent.  In  a  young  one  of  39  mm.  (about 
1*  inches)  tho  upper  jaw  projected  considerably  beyond  the  lower,  and 
the  double  row  of  plates  along  dorsal  face  of  tail  was  nearly  fused  into 
one  (after  Liitken).  Total  length  about  8  inches,  the  more  usual  length 
being  6  inches.  Northern  Europe  to  western  Greenland ;  *  recorded  from 
Baltic  Sea;  sontberr,  western,  and  northern  coasts  of  Norway,  as  far  as 
Russian  Lapland;  Arctic  Ocean,  White  Sea  (Pallas);  Iceland  and  Fariie 
Islands  (Liitken) ;  Great  Britain ;  northern  coast  of  France  (Gervais  and 
Boulart).  Found  in  6  to  16  fathoms  (except  in  winter),  mostly  on  sandy 
bottoms;  till  lately  not  known  from  American  waters,  it  having  been  con- 
founded with  Lvptagonus  dvcagonua.  (£u.)  (cataphractua,  xaTd.(ppaHroi;, 
mailed.) 

Cottu$  cirris  plurimit,  Autedi,  Ichthyologia,  Part  iv,  87, 1738. 

Cottux  cataphractvs,  LiNN/EUs.Syst.,  Kat.,Ed.  x, 264,  1758;  .iiter  AnxEDl ;  Syst.,  Nat.,  Ed. 

XII,  Part  I,  451,  176C;  Fabeb,  Naturgeach.  der  Fische  Islauds,  117,  1829,  Jutland; 

Iceland. 
Cotttu  brodamus,  Bonnatkrue,  Encycl.  Metb.,  07,  northern  seas, after  Olapssen,  Ist.  1, 589. 


*  The  Mnsenm  of  Stanford  University  has  recently  received  2  fine  examples  of  tliis 
species  from  Davis  Straits,  western  lireenlaud,  through  the  kindness  of  Prof.  D.  W. 
Thompson  of  the  University  of  Dundee. 


1 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2007 

Aii}>irinphn)u.i  nnnatim,  LA<':^:ri.DK,  IliHt.  N«t.(U>s  PoImh.,  111,222,1802,  Atlantic  Ocean. 
(Utiaiihracluii  schonevi'ldii,  Klkmimi,  Itritlsh  AiiiiiialH,  210.  1H'J8,  Great  Britain. 
AHpiilophDinx  eiiropifitu,  (JcviKK  \   Vai.knciennes,   Hihf.   Nat.  ik's.  I'oiss.,  iv,  201,  1829, 

sandy  shores  of  Northern  Europe;  IiIciiauiksdn,  Faiiiiit  Itoroali-Aiiinr.,  ill,  4H,  I8'IC. 
A(jonii»  cataphractiii,  IlL(>iu\  Sciinkidku,  SjHt.  Iclitli.,  i,  104, 1801;  (lONTiiKit,  Cat,,  n,211, 

18(10;  TiiLi,,  I'roc.  Ac.  Niit.Sci.  Pliila.,  xiii,  1801,10";  LCtkkn,  Fon-lub.  Mtddol.  Nord. 

rikoliHke,  Vi<U'iisk.M«>(l(lt'l.  Xiiturliisl.  Korcn.  K|iil>.,381  (27),  1870;  Coi.i.Err, Norijos 

Fi8k(>,  :t8,  187r);  Malm,  (lotj'horKH  och  lloliiisliins  Kiiimn,  400,  1K77;  Day,  Fislmn  of 

(ireat  Kritain,  67,  pi.  28,  Ak-I-  1881;  LiLUJKiioUd,  Fauna,  Svoriges  (icli  Nurgus  Fiskar, 

1883-84. 
.ls]>iiliii)hiinis  aitaphractiit,  KuilvEit,  Diinniarks  Fiske,  I,  14:1,  181(8;  Stken.stkui'  ifc  L(!t- 

KEN,  Videusk.  Mediltd,  fra  den.  Naturlii.it,  Forcn,  KJob.  1801,  p,  277, 1802, 

769.  STELGIS,  Ciaui«!r. 

Stelgit,  CR.VMEH,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 821  (vulsut). 

H(»(ly  t!.p«'vinj>-,  <l»'pr»'.sHe(l  thictughont,  its  hoight  Jibont  8,  its  hroadth 
about  7  in  it.-«  It'iiK't'i;  beiul  4,  (l«'pn'.s.s«'»l.  Plates  of  body  spinous,  ubont 
|{7iii  (lorsiil  series;  only  about  H  median  itlatesoiipedunclr;  7paiv8b«'t\v«'en 
occiput  and  first  dorsal.  Month  inferior,  snout  projecting  beyond  pre- 
iiiaxillaries;  teeth  on  jaws,  none  on  vomer  or  palatines.  One  pair  of  hori- 
zontal and  1  pair  of  recurved  spines  at  tip  of  snout.  Scattered  barbels  or 
cirri  on  maxillary,  mandible,  and  branchiostegal  membranes;  a  few  ou 
under  side  of  snout,  or  none.  One  pair  preocular,  1  pair  supraocular,  and 
li  (4)  pairs  occipital  spines.  A  transverse  pit  at  occiput.  Brauchiostegal 
membranes  joined  to  isthmus.     {dreKyiii,  or  drXeyyig,  a  scraper.) 


241C.  STELGIS  VULSUS  *  (Jordan  &.  Gilbert). 

B.  6;  D.  IX,  7;  A.  9;  P.  14;  V.  3  (1, 2).  Body  elongated,  tapering  rapidly 
backward,  depressed  throughout,  height  'i  of  breadth,  the  latter  about  7  in 
length  of  body.  All  plates  of  body  armed  with  spines  except  those  in  anterior 
and  posterior  parts  of  thti  ventrolateral  series;  spines  strong  andreenrved. 
Only  about  8  plates  in  m.edian  <lorsal  series  of  tail,  btit  the  spines  of  the  ridge 
continue,  doubl*!.  At  base  of  tail  on  each  8i<le  is  a  spine,  between  the  lateral 
riilges;  A'ent  just  behind  middle  of  length  of  ventrals.  Lateral  line  about 
10.  Ventral  surface  fiat  throughout.  Head  acutely  triangular  (seen  from 
above),  depressed,  depth  about  ^  of  width,  the  latter  about  5i  in  length  of 
))ody;  length  of  h<'ad  about  4;  profile  irregularly  sigmoid,  depressed  .at  front 
ofeyesjthencenearly straighttotip  ofrostral spines.  Mouth V-shaj)ed, infe- 
rior ;  maxillary  reaching  front  of  pupil ;  snout  projecting  anteriorly  beyond 
premaxillaries.  Teeth  in  bands  on  jaws,  none  evident  on  vomer  or  pala- 
tines. Maxillary,  mandible,  and  branchior+egal  region  with  small,  scat- 
tered cirri ;  under  side  of  snout  with  few  barbels  or  none.     Eye  large,  nearly 

*  Diagnosis:  Body  tapering,  depressed  throughout,  heigtit  about  ?  of  breadth,  tlie  latter 
7  in  length  of  body,  liody  spinous;  only  about  8  nied'an  plates  on  peduncle.  Head  4; 
phit(!8  in  dorsal  series  al'tout  37  (number  between  last  ray  of  second  dorsal  and  tlrst 
median  plate  not  recorded ;  all  olliers  34) ;  batween  occiput  and  first  dorsal  7 ;  between 
membranes  of  dorsal  4.  (iill  membranes  joined  to  isthmus.  No  teeth  on  vomer  or  pala- 
tines.  Scattered  barbels  on  maxillary,  mandilde,  and  branchioslegal  membranes;  a  few 
on  under  aide  of  snout,  or  nunc.  One  )>air  of  liori/.ontal  aiid  1  pair  of  recurved  ., pines  on 
snout.  One  ])air  ]>reocular,  1  pair  supraocular,  and  2  (or  4  /)  pairs  of  occipi'al  spines. 
Dark  brown,  with  7  to  0  cross  bars ;  tins  mostly  dark. 


i'-  J 


I'  i 


2068         BuUetm  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

ns  lung  iia  auont,  3g  in  heud,  tho  orltital  bonoH  forming  a  ridge  around  it; 
intcroi'bitul  spacu  concave,  struight  longitudinally,  with  a  longitudinal 
groove  and  2  alight  ridges.  Spines  on  head  highly  developed ;  2  pairs  rostral 
N]>ine8,  1  pair  directed  horizontally  forward  and  the  other  pair  behind 
these,  recurved  upward,  backward,  and  outward;  behind  these  a  smalloi' 
jiair  projecting  upward  (mesethnioid  spines) ;  orbital  lidge  serrated,  witli 
a  peculiar  spine  anteriorly  and  a  supraocular  spine  posteriorly ;  occipital 
ridges  with  2  pairs  (or  4  pairs)  of  spines,  space  between  them  roughisli, 
somewhat  concave,  with  truces  of  a  median  keel;  between  those  ridges, 
at  occiput,  a  consi)icuous  transverse  ])it,  broader  than  long,  longer  than 
deep;  temporal  ridges  more  prominent,  each  with  1  spines,  last  one  voiy 
strong;  a  median  row  of  minute  spines  im  back  and  top  of  head;  subor 
bital  ridgo  extending  from  front  of  preorbital  across  clu^ek,  Avith  2  or  li 
irregular  aeries  of  spines  and  tubercles,  and  ending  in  a  strong  preoper- 
(^ular  spine;  below  this  on  preoperclo 3 or  4  other  bluntibh  spines;  opeicle 
with  ridge  and  1  or  more  spines ;  between  70  and  80  more  or  less  developed 
spinous  processes  on  head.  Branchiostegal  rays  6  ( ?) ;  membranes  united, 
joined  to  isthmus.  Plates  between  occiput  and  first  dorsal  7;  between 
dorsals  about  4  (number  between  the  adjacent  rays  of  the  2  fins  not 
recorded).  Anal  rogi«m  beginning  under  end  of  first  dorsal;  pectorals 
reaching  eleventh  plate,  with  minute  spines  at  their  base;  ventrals  short. 
Color  dark  brown,  with  7  to  9  darker  cross  bars,  extending  on  fins ;  one 
bar  across  caudal,  1  across  posterior  part  of  second  dorsal  and  anal,  1 
across  posterior  part  of  first  dorsal  and  front  of  anal,  and  1  across  front 
of  first  dorsal ;  pectorals  black  with  whitish  edging  and  a  pale  bloteh 
near  base;  other  fins  chiefly  black,  anal  with  whitish  edge;  ventral 
surface  pale.  Total  length  of  known  individuals  reaches  4-iV  inches. 
(Jordan  &  Gilbert.)  Deep  water  oft"  San  Francisco,  California;  known 
(uily  fnmi  the  original  type,  taken  in  a  parranzella  or  sweep  net,  near  Point 
Reyes,  1880.     (vmIsms,  beardless.) 

Agonus  vulims,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Pro(\  F.  S.  Nat.  Mns.,  in,  1880, 330,  Point  Reyes,  near 

San  Francisco.     (Coll.  Jorilan  vt  Gilbert.) 
I'odothecvt  vultus  JoKTiAN  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  730, 1883;  Jordan,  Cat.Fiahos  X.  A.,  114, 

1885. 
SteUji*  vuUvt,  Jordan  &  Starrs,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 821,  pi.  9(i. 


Note. — ^Allied  to  Stelffis  and  Averrnncua  is  the  single  Antarctic  genus, 
which  may  be  thus  defined : 

AGONOPSIS,  Gill. 


Agonopnn,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xiii,  1861, 107, 259  (chiloentiK). 

Body  8-hcdral,  peduncle  6-hedral ;  head  depressed,  its  lengtli  a  little  more  than  4,  its 
width  5,  and  its  deptli  in  front  of  nape  a  little  less  than  7  in  length  of  bmly.  Jaws  nearly 
equal,  teeth  on  jaws  and  vomer,  and  an  imperfect  row  on  palatines.  I'wo  pairs  of  spines 
on  snout,  1  pair  preopercular,  1  pair  supraocular,  and  2  pairs  occipital  spines;  a  deep 
transverse  depression  at  nape.  Plates  in  dorsal  series  about  37;  7  pairs  between  occiput 
and  tirst  dorsal ;  plates  of  body  with  curved  spines.  Barbels  under  tip  of  snout,  anil 
scattered  on  chin  and  lower  Jaw,  and  sparingly  on  branchiostegal  membrane.  Gill  mom- 
braues  united,  joined  to  isthmus.    Antarctic.    (.i^rontM;  oifftc,  appearance.) 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      L*OOJ) 


AUO.XOPSIS  nilLOKNSIS  (Jniiynrt). 

Tl.Oj  1  I).8;  2  D.7;  A.H;  lM4i  V.  :i  (1,  U) ;  C.  2-11-2.  lutuiorbitiil  Bpiico  concavo,  a  little 
li'.tx  than  iliiimi-ter  of  eye,  with  a  ]>air  of  Aliarp  iiiiiior  loii^itiiiiiiiiil  rid^^fa  ttTiiiiiiatiiiKata 
trnnHvt«rH<>  groovtt  licliiiiil  i\vt!H.  Snout  (Iocm  uot  project  buyoiitl  uioiitli;  larger  margin  of 
Hiilioi'liitai  witli  an  iiTo^iilar  ritlt;<i  fornirtiof  l)liintiHh  tii1)urcluH,  tlx'  laHt  tvnninatiiiK  in  a 
Miinute  ba<-l(war(ll,v  dirootnl  8|iiuu.  Limit  of  ]ireo|)t<rolc  witli  W  ilivor^inK  snioutli  ridKua 
(lilatint;  at  their  (^xtmniitieH  into  :i  tlatteiutd  Itliint  points ;  operclti  witli  a  anialler  apino- 
li'HS  ri(ige.  Jawa  about  equal,  the  upper  a  littUt  longer,  with  narrow  bauds  of  teeth; 
leeth  on  front  of  vomer  and  a  abort  imperfect  row  on  eaeb  palatine,  (iill  menibranea  not 
notched,  attached  to  iathmua;  gill  opi-ningH  largo.  Darbela  short,  on  ehin,  lower  Jaw,  and 
branch ioategal  membrane  (a  ]mir  alao  on  under  side  of  tip  of  snout  in  (Ig.  1,  ]>1. 7).  'I'em- 
poral  and  o<-e,ipital  ridgea  present,  formed  of  granulated  tiilM-rcles  (the  occipital  "tuber- 
cles" very  phiinly  in  the  form  of  2  pairs  of  spines  in  the  tigure) ;  between  occipital  ridgea 
a  aliglitly  raised  longitudinal  line ;  a  deep  tranavcrae  depreaaion  at  nape.  Temporal 
ridgea  end  in  a  sharp  point  not  prolonged  into  aiSpine.  The  carina) ed  jdates  moroaharply 
serrate  than  in  .1.  cataphravtut,  the  spines  curved.  (All  the  ]ilates  apinoua  tnmthead  to 
caudal  in  fig.  1,  pi.  7.)  Six  alightly  .serrated  acalea  forming  on  breast  a  somewhat  trian- 
gular ]iatch,  2  aingloonea  atanding  first,  the  4  othera  in  pairs.  Second  and  third  rays  of 
second  dorsal  largest;  anal  under  second  dorsal;  pectorala  rounded,  C>  in  length;  ventrals 
scarely  more  than  J  of  pectorala.  Vent  a  little  anterior  to  u  line  connecting  the  extrem- 
ities of  ventrals.  Ccdor  in  spirits,  dusky  graj'  above  and  on  aidch,  paler  below ;  a 
l)Iackiali  transverse  band  under  front  of  first  dorsal,  1  under  anterior  and  1  under  jioste- 
riorend  of  second  dorsal,  1  in  middle  of  ]iedi!ucle,  and  n  trace  of  a  fifth  behind  this; 
body  mottled  in  places  with  blackish,  and  the  flus,  except  ventrals,  are  of  the  same  hue. 
(Jenyns.)  Coasts  of  Chile  and  Patagonia,  (chiloensiii,  living  at  Chiloe,  an  island  ott' 
Patagonia.) 
Anpidoi-phoius  chiloennis,  Jenyns,  Zool.  Voyage  of  the  Ueagle,  Fish.,  30,  pi.  7,  figs.  1,  la,  lb, 

184U,  Chiloe,  west  coast  of  northern  Patagonia  (Coll.  Uarwin) ;  Gay,  Uiat.  Chil. 

Zool.,  II,  174. 
Aspidophoru»  niger,  KlKlYER,  Ichth.  Bidrag.  Naturhist.  Tidsskr.  i,  238, 1844,  Valparaiso. 
Agonus  chiloeniiiti,  GUntheh,  Cat.,  ii,  216, 1800.  Valparaiso. 
Agonoptu  cldloennin,  (Jill,  I'roc.  Ao.  Nat.  bci.  rbila.,  xiu,  1861, 161. 
Agonus  niger,  GOntiiku,  Cat.,  ii,  215, 1860. 

770.  AVERRUNCUS,  Jordan  &  Starks. 

Averruncu*,  Jordan  &  Starks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ai'.  Sci.  1805,  821,  pi.  91  (einmelane). 

This  {jomis  ia  very  close  to  Stelgis,  with  which  it  agrees  in  the  nmgh 
armature,  the  prescuco  of  cirri  on  the  gill  meribraues,  and  in  other 
respects;  differing  in  the  presence  of  teeth  on  voioer  and  palatines;  anal 
lin  very  long,  of  11  rays;  lower  rays  of  ])octoral  exserted.  North  Paoiiic. 
{Averruncui,  an  averting  demon,  from  the  armed  head.) 

a.  Snout  rather  long,  the  rostral  spines  protruding.  kmmelane,  2417. 

aa..  Snout  shorter,  the  rostral  spines  scarcely  protruding.  stehletus,  2418. 


2417.  ATEBRUNCUS  EMMELAXE,  Jordan  &  Starks. 

Head  from  tips  of  rostral  spines,  4  in  length  v^f  body ;  depth  7^.  D.VIII 
or  IX,  8;  A.  11;  P.  14;  lateral  line  35;  orbit  4  in  head;  snout,  to  tips  of 
rostral  spines,  3^;  maxillary  3f ;  interorbital  6^;  pectoral  If;  second  dor- 
siil  spine  2if ;  third  dorsal  ray  2^;  longest  anal  ray  2^;  caudal  fin  2.  Body 
elongate,  snbcylindrical,  the  caitdal  peduncle  long  and  slender,  very 
slightly  depressed,  about  3  plates  in  front  of  caudal  tin  it  widens  slightly 


ai 


I 


2070         nulleUn  ,/7,  UniUd  Slahs  National  Museum, 


and  Ih  cuiii])roHHe(l;  hclly  Boiiifwlint  |tr<tiiiiiioiit,  bruakiiiK  the  utlirrwiso 
Htniight  vui'ticiil  niitliiio  from  chiu  tu  raiuliil  tin;  tlorsal  oittliut)  Htrui<ilii, 
frtHii  u«;cipnt  to  ciuuliil  tin.  Ileud,  iih  viewud  tVoiii  aliuvv,  alinost  i'rgiilurl\ 
triiint^nlar,  thu  |iroiiiiii<-iit  ]ireo]>oruiilur  Bl>ilH!^'  uiid  tbe  Huoiit  forming;  tin 
niigloB,  its  doi-Hul  prolile  irreguiur,  iniicii  broken  by  HpincH.  Muiitli 
inferior,  broitdly  U-Hliaped,  maxillary  reaching  just  past  the  vertical  from 
front  of  orbit;  lips  tUicik,  coven-d  with  short,  line  papillii-;  iipp<'rjaw  ]»ro- 
trnctile;  teeth  small,  in  villiform  bands  on  the  Jaws,  vomer,  and  palatintM; 
the  distance  from  the  anterior  edg<<  of  premaxillary  to  *>ud  of  the  ros- 
tral spin<-s  is  b-ss  than  A  the  b'ngtli  of  aiiont;  2  cirri  as  long  as  pnpil 
nndcr  rostral  spines,  anterior  lower  edjf<'  of  preorbitals  with  cirri,  n 
gronpof  3  cirri  on  end  of  maxillary,  and  a  group  of  4  or  5  on  jtosterior  omi 
of  mandible,  1  on  the  middle  of  each  branch iostt'gul  ray,  thrse  forming  a 
lino  from  isthmus  to  opercle,  an  area  on  chin  from  the  mouth  to  the  hval 
bones  that  is  "  woolly  "  with  short  cirri ;  2  or  U  on  lower  edge  of  opcnlc 
and  interopercle.  A  pair  of  parallel  rostral  spines  )>oiuting  forward,  tlmir 
tips  covered  Avith  skiu;  )>ehind  them  is  a  tlocp  oval  pit,  on  the  anteriur 
outer  edge  of  which  are  a  pair  of  sidnes  that  point  upward  and  outwani 
and  an'  slightly  hooked  backward ;  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  pit  are  1.* 
spines,  smaller  than  those  above  and  slightly  curved  backward;  a  group 
of  \  short  spines  around  anterior  edge  of  eye  and  1  large  triangular  spine 
over  posterior  edge;  the  interorbital  Hpac<i  is  deeply  concave,  with  a  low. 
sharp  ridge  on  each  8i<le  of  the  median  Jiue;  preoporele  very  rough,  witli 
irregular  spines  and  tubercles;  middle  of  suborbital  st.ay  with  a  strong, 
hooked  spine;  below  the  stay,  on  the  naked  area,  are  2  or  3  plates  witli 
spiues  on  their  centers;  angle  of  ])r«'opercle  with  a  largo,  sharp  spine; 
along  the  lower  edge  of  preoperele  are  3  or  4  blunt  spines;  a  ridge  of  I 
spines  running  back  from  each  eye  corresponding  with  the  dorsal  keels  of 
body;  below  this  <m  each  side  is  a  ridge,  somewhat  irregular,  but  not 
broken  into  spines,  terminating  in  a  spine  that  points  between  the  dorsal 
and  upper  lateral  keel  of  body;  a  snuill  ridge  ou  ui)per  edge  of  opercle 
which  does  not  end  in  a  spine ;  a  few  small  spines  around  posterior  edge  of 
opercle ;  a  few  minute  spines  along  mediau  line  of  top  of  head,  the  upper 
part  of  the  eye  covered  with  minute  prickles.  At  the  occiput  is  a  deep 
pit,  broiidor  and  deeper  than  long,  divided  by  a  low  ridge  through  its 
middle.  Body  with  4  ridges  on  each  side  formed  1>y  the  body  plates,  each 
plate  ending  in  a  strong  recurved  spin«s  except  those  of  the  abdominal 
ridge,  which  are  smooth ;  a  row  of  minute  si)ines  along  median  dorsal  line 
from  lirst  dorsal  to  occiput;  small  spiues  following  the  lateral  line;  no 
trace  of  keels  or  spines  in  front  of  veutrals.  The  abdominal  ridges 
widest  apart  on  the  belly,  uniting  on  tenth  plate  in  front  of  caudal 
fin;  dorsal  ridges  uniting  on  ninth  scale  in  front  of  caudal  fin, 
but  the  spines  continuing  double  to  the  tail;  a  row  of  sharp,  small 
spines  around  the  base  of  the  pectoral  and  caiidal  fins;  dorsal  spines 
slender,  the  fins  highest  in  front,  the  second  spine  the  longest,  its  tip 
reaching  to  the  base  of  the  next  to  the  last  spine,  where  fin  is  depressed; 
last  ray  adnate  by  membrane  to  the  back ;  third  dorsal  ray  the  highest, 
its  tip  reaching  nearly  to  the  last  ray,  where  fin  is  depressetl ;  Ihe  last  ray 


i'-i^K>.u -,■;.- t-..'^.:  ?t.- 


'■■.■r?&/j-:-.-.ii---r'j.;- 


Jordan  and  Evrrniann. — Fishes  of  NoHh  Annriai.     2071 

iH  very  Hliurt  iiud  iitliiiiU;  tu  tli«  IhkI.v  for  tho  whole  uf  IIh  Irnj^tli.  Kower 
liiyH  uf  ])uct(>i'iil  liitH  prudiicud,  <>xt<>iiiliii^  l)ey«>U(l  tht^  iiieiiiliriino,  tho 
longest  extending;  l)eyi)iHl  tliu  upper  r.iy  of  the  I'm;  iiiiul  luii;r(M'  and  lower 
tbiiii  soft  dorHui,  endiii);  at  the  HiiiiiM  rm  leHpunding  pliico,  hmt  my  roiu'h- 
ing  to  the  fift*j«'nth  pliitu  before  t-iiiidal  tin;  ventriil  ditfeiing  in  length  in 
the  dillei'ont  HexoH;  vent  anterior,  Hitnated  on  the  tunth  plate  in  front  of 
anal.  Color  dark  brown,  belly  white;  Hides  i>rosHe«l  with  irrejjular  wliite 
bara,  gi\  in;;  the  IIhIi  a  mottled  appearance;  snout  black;  a  black  Htreak 
iilon^  lower  ed^e  of  ]M'eopercle;  a  black  Hpot  on  iriH  above;  dornals  li^ht, 
mottled  with  black;  anal  white,  with  dark  mottlin^H,  a  dark  bar  acroHH 
the  poHterior  rayn,  the  tips  of  all  the  rays  Avhite;  ventrals  black,  alirnptly 
white  at  tips;  pectoral  and  caudal  dark,  with  a  wliite  border,  a  li^lit  spot 
in  the  center  of  tinb  and  many  white  spots  on  the  rays;  a  black  spot  at 
base  of  pectoral.  I'nget  Hound;  known  from  2s])0cimenH,  uidlected  with  a 
seine  near  I'oint  Orchard,  the  largest  7  inches  in  length.  (.Ionian  &i. 
Starks);  another  since  taken  at  Port  Ludlow,  {tv,  in;  fieXdvify  ink, 
from  the  dark  colors.) 

Avernmeui  emmelane,  Jokdan  i  Stabks,  rnic.  Cnl.  Ac.  Sri.  1895,  821,  iil.  xci,  with 
]ilate,  Port  Orchard,  near  Seattle.    (Coll.  E.  U.  Starks.    Typo,  3135,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ. 

MU8.) 


Id:  blie  last  ray 


2418.  AVEIlRUM;ns  STKBLKTUS,  Gilbert,  new  speciea. 

Head  4?  in  length;  eye  .3J  in  head,  width  at  l»ase  of  pectorals  7;  depth 
«i.  1).  VII,  8;  A. 9;  1M2  »»n  each  side;  :W  plates  in  dorsolateral  series. 
Very  closely  related  to  A.  cmmdunv,  with  which  it  agrees  in  c(>](»rati(»n  and 
gtmeral  a]>pearance  as  well  as  in  mo^t  details  of  structure.  It  diHers  in 
the  following  resitects:  The  snout  is  shorter,  the  rostral  spines  scarcely 
protruding  beyond  the  pn'Uiaxillaries.  No  Vuirbels  on  snout  below  rostral 
.spines,  «)r  on  margin  of  preorbital,  or  at  mandibular  Joint.  Kegion  between 
rostral  spiiui  and  front  of  pr«'niaxillariBs  wholly  occupied  by  a  triangular 
movable  plate,  with  rough  granular  surface;  breast  with  3  jiarallel  .series 
of  sharply  keeled  ]dates;  no  spine  at  posterior  end  of  premaxillary  fossa; 
ventrals  very  long  and  slender,  wholly  white;  spinous  dorsal,  anal,  and 
pectorals  with  fewer  i-ays;  rostral  projection  shorter  than  in  A.iinmelane, 
with  2  short  forwardly  directed  spines,  behind  which  is  a  pair  more 
widely  separated  directed  downward  and  backward;  supraocular  ridge 
elevated,  not  shar}),  tiuely  granular,  with  preocular  and  postocular  spines ; 
ridges  and  spines  on  head  as  in  A.  emmelane,  but  none  of  the  former 
rough  serrate.  Eye  large,  longer  than  snout  and  more  than  twice  the 
interorbital  width.  Mouth  little  ovt-rpassed  by  the  rostral  spines,  the 
maxillary  reaching  slightly  behind  front  of  orbit,  3i  in  head.  Teeth 
present  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatine.  Barbels  fewer  than  in  A.  emmelane; 
3  present  on  maxillary,  2  of  which  are  at  its  posterior  end,  the  upper 
much  the  longer;  the  third  inserted  more  anteriorly  behind  the  middle 
of  the  maxillary;  8  shorter  barbels  are  i)re8eut  on  each  mandibular 
ramus,  the  posterior  only  near  the  Joint;  several  short  barbels  on  gular 
region,  and  a  cross  scries  on  each  branchiostegal  membrane,  usually  1 
barbel  for  each  ray.     Plates  on  body  as  in  A.  vmmelanef  all  with  sharp 


",..;ii  iiJ".'-'-*v-ay^  -V.  ■ 


2072         BiiUdin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


HpiiirH,  which  ant  premMit  though  Hinnll  in  t)i<>  vnitnil  H<rii>H;  iiiidiHe  .,i' 
lnrast  witli  1  im-dlaii  iiiul  2  lateral  .srricHorjthvtcH,  all  of  which  ))«ai»liHtiii(  i, 
luii^ritkiiliiitil  UocIh;  th<'  2  liitcral  ritl^OH  on  hrt-aHt  htiii^  tin-  aiitriior  loiitiii 
nation  of  thn  ventral  rid^i'H  of  the  trnnk;  HpinonH  dorsal  lie^rinnin^  at  lih^ 
Heventh<lor.sal  plat<>,  the  lant  doiNal  Hpino  ai  tienlatin^  with  tlie  thirteen th 
*])lat(s  the  fii'Ht  and  laHt  rayH  of  tlie  soeoiid  dorsal  articulato  roHpeerive!\ 
with  theei^hteentlt  and  twunty-funrth  ]iljites;  the  tloiHal  seri»H  unite  al  tlic 
thirtioth  idatti,  tho  niudian  neiies  of  !>  phites  thns  forniud  hearing  doulde  i>r 
hifitl  H|dnnH  tlirou^hont ;  tho  tirst  and  t\w  last  anal  rayM  artienlatin);  reHpn  . 
tively  with  the  sixteenth  and  twenty-third  jdateH  of  ventral  sern-s  (e\ 
elndiu^thimnterior  :ion  hreaHt);  the  ventral  Heri<-Heoaleseiii^  iiiiniediatel\ 
opposite  the  union  of  thei  dorsal  series;  the  anuH  is  ojiposite  tho  intei- 
Hpuee  between  the  third  and  fourth  plates;  ventral  spines  lon^  and  sler,- 
der,  e<|ualtng  length  of  snout  and  eye;  pec'torals  eijualinK  len^rth  of  be.id 
ill  advance  «)f  opercular  joint;  five  lower  pectoral  rays  with  incised 
membranes,  tho  tips  proieetin}r.  Color,  similar  to  A.  tmmvlam;  the  back 
and  sides  with  7  or  !S  uarr«>w  Idack  cross  bars,  the  posterior  of  wlii(  li 
extend  faintly  on  tho  under  surface;  the  interspaces  «»n  back  are  somc- 
Avhat  dusky,  with  lighter  vermieulatin;^  lines  and  spots,  afewof  whidi 
extend  on  the  bars;  the  dorsals  have  a  speckl*;d  appearauce  and  ari 
darker  when  they  lie  above  the  black  dorsal  bars;  head  blackish  al»ov( , 
the  head  and  body  lifjht  ov  slifjhtly  dusky  below;  V(Mitrals  white;  anal 
white,  with  some  black  nuirkin^s  nloii^  the  base  of  the  rays;  pectoriils 
with  a  wide  black  bar  at  base  succeeded  liy  a  wide  wli'to  bar;  then 
folhiw  a  narrower  black  Itar  and  a  narrow  terminal  whiti*  bar;  caudal 
with  a  uarrow  l)a8al  bar  of  Idack,  then  a  narrow  white  bar  f«dh)wed  l»y  .i 
)»road  Idack  bar  and  «Hl<?ed  with  white.  Coast  southern  California,  (Joro- 
nado  Island.  The  type,  a  spciciinen  4.^  in<dies  lon^,  from  Albatroaa  Station 
3602.  {titcrlctuH,  sturgeon ;  a  modern  Latin  word,  probably  derived  from 
Starh.)     (Typ<»  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.    Coll.  Albatross.) 

Averruiictm  tterletua,  GiLiiEur  MS.,  off  Avalon,  Coronado  Island,  in  47  fathoms. 

771.  SARRITOR,  Cramer. 
Harritor,  Cramer,  in  Jordan  <t  Evormann,  Clieck-List  FishoM,  448, 1896  {frenattt$). 

]$ody  tapering  uniformly  to  base  of  cautlal ;  head  4  to  4A,  depth  6  to  X 
in  standard  length.  Plates  on  body  nearly  all  without  spines.  Plates  in 
<lor8al  series  38  to  45,  5  to  6  pairs  betwiM-n  occiput  and  first  dorsal.  No 
largo  knife-like  plate  over  eye.  iJoth  dorsal  fins  present,  rather  long,  tin- 
rays  growing  shorter  behind  the  last  adnate  to  ba<rk.  Four  to  6  pairs  of 
barbels  about  mouth,  1  pair  under  tip  of  snout.  A  pair  of  recurved  spines 
near  tip  of  snout.  One  pair  of  supraocular  and  1  or  2  pairs  of  occipital 
spines.  Teeth  on  jaws  and  vomer,  none  on  palatines.  Gill  membranes 
joined  to  isthmus,  without  free  fold;  no  barbels  on  gill  membranes. 
Lower  rays  of  pectorals  with  free  exserted  tips.  Vertebra;  40  to  46.  This 
genus  is  very  close  both  to  Podoihecus  and  to  Odontopyxis,  differing  from 
the  former  in  the  presence  of  vomerine  teeth,  and  fr<»ra  the  latter  in  the 
absence  of  a  free  median  plate  at  the  tip  of  the  snout.     Its  relations  to 


Al-^fS-i;.::'^,.. 


_i^-.  ^j^t^^^ 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amcriia.     2073 

AxurruncHH  are  Htill  rlontT,  tlio  cliM't'  tlitleroiico  liriiit;  in  tbf  Hiiio«)th  pliUeH 
ot'tlio  hotly  and  in  the  iiljHeuco  oi'  cirri  on  the  ^iH  muiubruues.  (narritor, 
one  tliut  Hcrapi>8.) 

0.  Snout  tnodornte,  aliont  i  Icnfftli  oC  IioaiI  ;  vcntrali*  <1nrk  in  innlo.  FRRNATt's,  2410. 

iia.  8uuut  vury  loDKi  |ir<Hliict>il  in  it  Hat,  trliuiKulitr  piecu  vxHiTti><l  for  ii  iliiitiinciMMiiiul 

tofurbit;  voutrals  i>itl<'.  lbi'touuvncuuh,  2420. 


8410.  NAKBITOB  KUKNATirN, '  (iilltcrt. 

Hoad4ito4i.  D.  VI  to  VIII,  7  or  H;  A.fiorT;  IMr>;  V.  1.2;  0. 11,  with  ft 
I'lniiiuerit;  latiTiil  lino  10.  liody  Blij^htly  dopreuHt'd,  tiiprriiiK  ro^uliirly 
hiutkward  from  occipnt,  the  depth  iiboiit  J  of  tlio  width  ut  l)»8u  of  pec- 
((inila.  The  rid)re8  nro  prominent,  tho  dorsal  and  doraoluteral  ridguH  pro- 
vided witli  8trongHpin«>H,  the  ventral  and  ventrolateral  HorieN  with  weaker 
si'urcely  diaf^ruilile  apinos,  all  dccreaHing  in  Hixe  backward,  becoming 
iilmolote  on  caudal  peduncle.  Doraal  face  deeply  concave  anteriorly,  ita 
tidges  coaleacing,  from  3  to  4  platea  beliind  the  doraal  lin;  other  faces 
much  leaa  concave,  the  ventral  ridgea  coaleucing,  3  or  4  platea  behind  the 
iiiial  Hn;  platea  in  doraal  aerica  44  or  45;  5  or  0  pairn  between  occiput  and 
lirat  doraal,  9  or  10  under  first  doraal,  2  or  3  between  dorsals,  7  or  8  under 
Recond  doraal,  17  or  18  behind  doraals;  about  25  plates  on  breaat,  conaiat- 
iiig  of  a  atrong  ntediau  seriea  which  bear  a  well-marked  rounded  ridge,  a 
Hi rong  lateral  aerica  at  edge  of  breast  also  projecting,  and  a  number  of 
small  platea  occupying  the  concave  intermediate  areaa.  In  young  speci- 
inuna  the  breaat  platea  have  central  elevations,  and  bear  each  a  back- 
wardly  directed  spine;  these  disappearing  in  adults;  a  number  of  anmll 
irregular  platea  in  front  of  and  on  baae  of  pectorala;  membranaceous  iu- 
ttM'vala  behind  and  around  vent  smaller  than  in  Podothecna  acipetiscrinitH, 
occupied  by  8  or  9  irregtilarly  arranged  platea,  not  in  paira  and  not  cor- 
ri'Hpouding  to  thoae  of  the  ventral  aeriea  betAveeu  which  they  are  inter- 
calated; medial  part  of  branchioategal  membrane  and  the  gular  rcgioii 
covered  with  roundish  plates,  the  whole  forming  a  halberd-shaped  patch ; 
liitcral  line  running  on  a  series  of  small  platea  occupying  tho  middle  of 
tlie  lateral  face;  anteriorly  these  entirely  disappear,  the  lateral  line 
ascending  and  running,  on  tho  upper  lateral  series;  about  5  large  platea, 
sometimes  bearing  spines,  lie  behind  upper  axil  of  pectorals,  between  this 
ascending  portion  of  the  lateral  lino  and  the  inferior  lateral  series  or 
platea;  head  depresaed,  tapering  rapidly  to  the  snout;  depth  of  head  at 
occiput  f  ita  width  at  preopercular  spine,  the  latter  contained  6^  times  in 
length  of  body.  Eye  large,  the  orbit  about  e(iualing  length  of  snout  be- 
hind the  serrated  rostral  ridge,  3A  to  3J  in  head;  snout  somewhat  vari- 

'  Diaj^nosis :  Body  tapering  nnifornily  from  occiput  to  caudal,  a  little  more  nlonder  thnn 
Pndotheeus  aeipenserinut,  depth  about  j[  of  Mridtli  at  base  of  pectorals,  tho  latter  7J  to  Tjj 
ill  Ifugtli;  head  4).  FlatOH  iu  dorsal  series  44  or  45;  between  occiput  and  first  dorsal  5  or 
6;  lietween  dorsals  6  or  7 ;  from  ventrals  to  anal  14  ])airs.  Six  ]>aira  of  barbels,  1  on  under 
hIiIo  of  snout  in  front  of  premaxillaries,  1  near  and  2  at  tip  of  maxillary,  1  atanjile  of 
nioiith,  and  1  at  side  of  lower  .jaw.  A  itair  of  perpendicular  serrated  plates  at  tip  of 
snout,  behind  these  a  curve  nasal  spine.  One  pair  mescthnioidal,  1  pair  supraocular,  and 
1  pair  occipital  spines.  Teeth  on  jaws  and  vomer,  none  on  palatines.  Gill  membrauca 
Joined  to  istlimuB  without  free  fold.  Last  ray  of  each  dorsal  shortened  and  adnate  to  the 
back.  Light  grayish  with  a  few  indetlnite  blotehes  and  bars  of  darker  on  sides  and  back ; 
pi'ijlorals  with  several  narrow  dark  cross  bauds  near  base  and  broader  ones  toward  tip. 

3030 53 


T 


IJ  M,,Him«i|||li«  1 1  ip^llippnil  ■,VIH..WIIVUP*  I  III  WJiW.^w  «,»if«-«w.i 


W        I™' 


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2074         rhiUdiu  ^7,  ^'////^v/  .S'/aA-j  National  Afiisnim. 

ttblo  ill  Inn^th,  iivrriigitig  i^  tifiiil.  8ii|ir»ociiliir  rUlgoH  Htroiif;,  iiipix., 
eiuliiiK  in  »  Hliort  ntroii^  H|iin«<;  an  inner  piiir  of  ritlg<>H  occupy iiig  ||i,<„ 
of  iiitvrnrbital  gnM»vc,  very  broad  and  cloHoly  joined  antrriuriy;  tlui 
triaii(;iiliu-  H|>a<>o  iiwliidi-d  between  these  latter  rid^eH  flat  and  opeiiiii)r 
postfrioiiy  onto  tbo  dopreHHed  (»uoipit»l  area;  occipital  rid({ufi  low, 
rounded,  ending  in  vi^ry  Htron^  8pin«-B  which  form  the  lirst  of  the  iloisil 
Hi-rieH;  2  or  It  Hinall  rounded  proJcotitmH  inuy  occur  on  anterior  rid^cN  oi 
the  occipital  HplntH;  top  and  aidert  of  hra<l  more  or  Ichh  cloHrly  i^'M't 
with  very  \\\w  prickleH,  wiiioh  arc  niont  thici^ly  cliiHtercd  on  ocri|iiit, 
interorbital  area,  U)i|>iT  part  of  opercleH,  Huborbital  chain,  and  Hidis  of 
Hiioiit;  a  row  of  jtrickleH  on  eyeball  JiiHt  aliovu  pnpil;  temporal  liil^i 
uneven,  Honiotimes  interrupted  with  a  long,  ntrong  poHterior  Hpine:  n 
Htrong  H])ine,  Homctimea  with  an  accoHHory  tubercle  on  middle  of  clnck; 
preorbital  with  2  paira  of  apinea  placed  vertically,  the  upper  oiivn  dj. 
reetod  outward  and  upward,  the  lower  apinea  diroctted  downward  ;iii<| 
backward;  roatral  ritlgea  roii^h,  usually  terminating  ])oHteriorly  in  a 
pair  of  apinona  ])ro)ection8,  which  are  located  midway  between  tip  of 
anoiit  and  front  of  pnpil;  anteriorly,  at  ti]>  of  anout,  theae  ridges  ex|iiiiid 
to  form  Niich  a  vertically  projecting  rounded  apinona  ]o1>e,  the  posterior 
apine  of  which  ia  much  the  atrongeat,  and  ]ioiuta  backward  and  outwiud. 
In  the  very  young  the  laat-montioned  spinea  alone  are  present  on  an'mt, 
and  are  directed  very  obliquely  backward;  anteriorly  ridgea  conver;{e 
from  them  to  tip  of  anout,  and  are  very  minutely  serrulate;  these  ri(l^r,.H 
afterward  increase  in  height  and  in  strength  of  serrations,  and  biti  ome 
the  spinous  lobes  already  described;  two  strong  diverging  spineN  ut 
angle  of  preopercle,  and  2  rounded  lobes  below  them.  Three  large  ])iiitcN 
and  a  number  of  smaller  onea  occupy  cheek  below  suborbital  stay.  Pos- 
terior portion  of  mandible  expanded  into  a  rough  projecting  bony  promi- 
nence. Mouth  hori^^ontal,  overpassed  by  the  snout  in  adults  for  a  diatiincct 
equaling  ^  or  leas  than  |  diameter  of  orbit;  snout  not  noticeably  pro- 
jecting in  the  very  young.  Maxillary  reaching  slightly  beyond  iVoiit 
of  orbit,  equaling  ^  length  of  snout  and  eye.  Teeth  in  broad  bands  in 
Jaws;  a  distinct  patch  on  iront  of  vomer,  none  on  palatines.  Braucbiim- 
togal  membranes  broadly  joined,  with  a  very  narrow  free  fold  posteriorly, 
or  with  none.  Six  pairs  of  barbels  on  underside  of  bead;  Ion  under Hi(!<> 
of  snout  in  front  of  prcmaxillaries;  2  at  end  of  maxillary ;  1  near  mid- 
dle of  maxillary;  1  on  lower  lip  just  below  angle  of  mouth;  1  forke<i  for 
\  its  length  at  middle  of  side  of  lower  lip.  In  their  distribution,  reiii- 
tive  lengths,  and  in  the  constantly  bifid  character  of  the  last  deacrilt'd, 
they  com^spond  exactly  Avith  the  barbels  of  L.  dccagoHus,  but  the  iiittcr 
has  apparently  none  on  under  side  of  snout.  Interspace  between  dorsuls 
somewhat  variable,  4  to  |  diameter  of  orbit.  Anal  beginning  2  plates  in 
advance  of  second  dorsal ;  pectorals  5^  in  length  of  body,  the  lower  riiys 
graduated,  4  to  6  of  the  lower  ones  thickened,  with  exserted  tips;  vcn- 
tral  fins  nearly  twice  as  long  in  males  as  in  females,  in  the  latter  h'ss  tliau 
diameter  of  orbit;  caudal  slender,  Ij-  in  bead.  Color  light  grayisii  or 
brownish,  pale  below;  a  bluish  bla<'k  atripe  from  ventral  spines  to  I'roiit 
of  orbit;  suborbital,  ])reopercle,  and  operde  with  numerous  dark  spots; 


Jordan  and  Evcrniann.  -Fisfns  of  Korth  America,     2075 


II  <1nrt<  liloti-Ii  oil  tliM  Miil««  opixmiti'  iiiitlill*^  of  fh'Ht  iIoihiiI;  a  faint  dtirk 
Itur  iiiiiUm'  tlio  luitoriiii'  aiitl  ii  similar  uno  iiiiilor  |MiMt*<i'i*)i'  pjut  of  stM-onti 
tlorMal;  Ixtth  iloiHalH  witli  inilt'tinito  oltlitjiip  tlaik  ImiimIh;  |i«u-t<>ralH  tint k 
i<\i'«tpt  tlio  lowt'i'  priixiiiml  itait,  wit  li  iiairuw  ItaiH  nf  Itlai  k  ;  vuiitraln  ii^lit 
ill  t'iMiiale,  <larli  in  iiiait';  anal  tlark  puNttU'iiirly ;  i-aii)liil  dark,  faintly 
liarriMl.     CoaHt  of  AhiHka;  known  i'roni  . I //>(i/ri*NH  Stat  iniiM  :il.M!),  :(2'jr),  ;{1'2H, 

:l\Vn;i:w.mlw,:»l\-.s.;j2(;:».:jl'uh.:l'7!^  :l'82.  :j:io!K  1^      \\xm\  locat««a  on  '.oth 

sitloH  of  tho  I'tiiiiiiHiila  of  AhiHka  anil  hotli  nortli  aiitl  Noiitli  of  lli<>  Ali'iitian 
ihain;  tloptli  ItS  to ;(.'*()  fatliotna.  ((iiiliort);  alHoolitainiul  at  rrovoHtniu.va, 
Kaiiu'liatUa.     {J'nnaliiit,  iiriilli'il.) 

<)ilonfo/ti,xiM/fi-nahii>.  (•ii.mbut,  ltt>|it.  I'.S.  KIhIi  Coinni,  IHin  (IHitnt,  4:i5,  |il..1U.  IIk.  :i.  Alaaka 
and  Aleutian  UlandH,  at  Atbatroas  Stationa  3315,  3219,  and  others,  in  16  to  331 
fathoms. 

3420.  NAKKITOIt  I.KI'rOltllYX'IHS  ((illlicrt). 

lU'iuX  I  ill  ien^rtli;  Hiiniit  2^  in  IhmviI  in  HpflcinuMi  KM)  nun.  lon^.  Kye 
,'t.i,  <>i|naliii^;  it^n^th  of  maxillary  ;  intrrorhital  witli  jj  «\v*>.  DraiH'IiioHtnKul 
iiit*nilirant's  lirmully  uuittHi,  uxti'iinivoly  frco  laterally,  Joinod  to  iHthniiiH 
iiicHially  to  i^xtrt'ine  posterior  niaruin,  or  leaving;  a  v«(ry  narrow  margin 
iVi-o.  Toctli  ]>rfH(>iit  on  JawH  and  on  voinur,  nont-  on  palatiiuH.  DorHal 
VI  to  VIII,  t>  or  7;  anal  i\  or  7;  pectoral  II ;  vuntral  I,  2;  jiuctoralH  loii^, 
rt'iicliiii);  to  or  lM\vond  niiddir  of  H))inoiiH  dorsal,  an  loni'  •>.:,  H:!out  and  uy*i; 
M'litralH  eiiiialiu^  lt>n;{th  of  Hiioiit.  V«ry  iIoh**  to  ><.  frmiatiia,  with  whitih 
it  a);r«0H  in  urrangt'nioiit  of  platuH,  HpineH  on  head,  and  harliclH;  di.stni- 
utiinhahle  at  onuu  liy  the  elongate  ahMider  Hnoiit  and  ditt'ering  in  fhe 
I'lillowing  niinieronH  detaiJH:  The  body  is  Hoinuwhat  broader  and  more 
ileprrHHcd,  itH  grt>at(>Ht  depth  a  little  I«>hh  than  ij  itM  greateHt  width,  which 
occurH  a«'ro8H  preopmnlar  HpiiH^a.  The  body  ii.irrows  "«piilly  backward 
to  below  Hpinoiis  dorsal,  as  in  young  S,  j'rinatnn  of  the  Hiinio  Hi/.e.  Coin- 
|iared  with  S,  fretitttiis  of  the  suiiie  8i/,i>,  the  jdates  on  body  ari>  much  less 
spinous,  the  superior  and  inferior  lateral  ami  the  ventral  series  in  some 
specimens  bearing  spines  <hi  a  few  of  the  anterior  plates  only,  and  the 
spines  of  dorsal  series  are  lower.  Five  i>lates  before  dorsal,  10  under 
spinous  dorsal,  2  between  dorsals,  7  under  seeontl  dorsal,  and  l(i  on  candah 
pt'diinrle.  The  inferior  lateral  ridges  rise  anteriorly,  greatly  constricting 
llie  lateral  face  under  anterior  ]iart  of  spinous  dorsal.  It  then  descemls 
slightly  and  becomes  almost  or  iiuite  ol)solete,  the  series  of  plates  ending 
lichiiHl  the  upper  pectoral  rays.  In  S.  J'lfnntiiH,  the  constriction  of  the 
lateral  fa«e  does  not  occur,  tho  ridge  is  strongly  marked  anteriorly,  and 
ends  below  middle  of  jiectoral  base.  In  S.  leptorliynchits  we  have,  there- 
fore, a  much  narr'  •  "r  interval  between  the  anterior  ends  of  the  upper 
mid  the  lower  lateral  series.  This  interval  is  occupied  by  but  3  plates, 
arranged  in  a  series,  decreasing  in  size  backward.  The  upper  preoper- 
ciilar  and  the  humeral  sidnes  are  much  larger  than  in  S.  J'rinaliiH,  the 
former  greatly  overpassing  the  second  spine.  The  rostral  s])ines  are  sinii- 
liir,  but  the  terminal  plat«'  roughened  but  not  .serrate,  the  posterior  s])ine 
not  detached.  Snout  greatly  produced  into  a  narrow  triangular  piece 
which  overpasst^H  the  mouth,  for  a  distance  e(|ualiiig  iJ  diameter  of  orbit  in 
a  specimen  100  mm.  long.     In  specimens  of  ^.  frcnatus  of  this  length  the 


r    m  'i 


2070         JJuikiin  //,  Unikd  Staks  National  Musi  urn. 


% 
to- 


.*i'" 


^1 


i'IuIn  of  tho  roNlriiiii  tiiii  l>un<ly  \w  Nr«ii  from  Im-Iow.  A  low  pricklcH  profWht 
on  iippHi'  Hitltt  of  I'imtriiin,  iiihI  the  iiniiuI  H«>ri<>H  hIiu\  «t  pupil.  Minutely  hi  r. 
"itttMl  ri«lK<>H  1)11  Hidi'H  <»r  NiiiMit,  mill  1  iiolow  «v«i.  No  pilrklcH  on  top  i  i 
ititliiH  of  lirail.  riutcH  on  ltruiirliioMt«>);til  iiittiiiliriint^H  unil  on  {{iiliir  leKini 
Haiiill«<i- mill  iiion-  niitiicroiiH  tbmi  in  S.fnnaliiii,  Twenty  pluti-n  on  liriM  !, 
witlioiit  Hpiiii-N,  or  tlio  yoiiii){  with  vtry  Nniiiil  oik'h.  CdIoI'  ilmki'i'  tliiin  m 
•V.  JiriialiiH,  tli»  uiiiImi'  piirtH  iinniurkiil  iint<-riorly,  dotted  poHti'iimly  wi  || 
lii'own;  iippor  |im-tN  ilurk  liiown  in  r.piritH,  with  it  or  7  iiion<  or  Ii>hh  ih  . 
tiiict  bluok  bmiilH,  wbii-li  iiro  iiiiirKiiH'd  narrowly  with  ii^litur;  a  hja.  K 
Htri'iik  furwurd  IVoin  rye,  and  Novrral  liiack  HpolH  iiml  idotiiliim  on  hIiKm 
of  houd;  i^iindal  hhu^kish;  Hot't  doiMal  diiHky,  olmriii'ily  marked  wiili 
lighter;  apinoiiH  dorHal  black,  Hliarply  blotchfld  with  piiru  white;  voutiali 
and  lower  puutoral  niyH  white,  the  uppor  part  of  pectoralH  with  olmciuc 
barH  of  black.  CoiMt  of  AiuHkn.  A  fow  HpeciineiiK  froiii  .IIIiiiIioiih  m.i. 
tioUH  :{2ir>,  '.V2V.\  KIT)!),  and  \V2Vu,  north  and  Hoiith  of  tliu  AlaHkuii  IVninHiii.i, 
in  :{2  to  r>!Mathoini«.     (dllbort.)     (AfWroj,  HltMidcr;  fjvyx»(,  tiinmt,) 

Oilonliii>i/xiii  Uptorhinichiiii,  Uilmkht,  Hcpt.  I'.  S.  KihIi  (^oiiiiii.  18U;i  (imW),  4:i7,  Berii); 
Sea,  north  of  Alaska  Peninauls,  at  Albatroaa  Station  3267,  lat.  a'-  13'  30"  N.,  loii^', 
l63"J9'W.    (Type,  No,  48727.    Coll.  .1  Wm/ri)*».) 

77a.  XYSTES,  .Jordan  A  Starks. 
XitltfK,  Jordan  &  Btauks,  Proc.  Cul.  Ac.  8ci.  1895,  H2i  {iixinnjthryt). 

This  (jfi'iuiB  is  allied  to  AvnrunniH,  difl'«rinjj;  in  its  shorter  vertical  (iii>-, 
the  ruys  of  both  dorsals  being  snbcqual,  the  last  of  iM^h  not  much  shortein  d 
and  not  adnato  by  membrane  to  the  skin  of  the  back;  the  lower  ruy^  u( 
the  pectoral  pro^^resHively  shortened;  plates  on  body  very  rou^h,  tin* 
spines  strong;  n  strong  knife-like  spine  above  eye;  no  barbels;  no  pit  ;it 
the  ouoixnit.    North  raoitic.     {ivdn/^,  one  that  scrapes.) 

8481.  XYNTKN  AXINOPHRTN,  Jonlan  &  Starks.' 

Head  3i  in  length  of  body;  depth  .5.  D,  IX,  8;  A.  10;  pectoral  IT); 
.lateral  line  38;  orbit  4  in  head;  snout  to  tip  of  rostral  spines  3,'^;  iimx- 
illary  3]^ ;  Interorbital  3^;  pectoral  lA;  highest  dorsal  spine  2A;  highest 
dorsal  ray  2;  highest  anal  ray2Jt;  length  of  caudal  tin  Ijj.  Body  elongate, 
Biibcylindrical,  deepest  and  broadest  at  shonlders;  belly  prominent; 
dorsal  outline  straight  from  first  dorsal  spine  to  caudal  tin,  curved  up 
anteriorly  to  occiput.  Ilea^l  very  irregular,  innoh  broken  by  large  spines; 
mouth  inferior,  rather  broad,  maxillary  reaching  to  the  vertical  from  front 
of  orbit;  lips  thin,  not  broken  up  into  papilhe;  upper  jaw  protractile; 
teeth  small,  in  villiform  bauds  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  the  anterior 
edge  of  premaxillary  directly  under  the  base  of  rostral  spines;  a  few  very 
small  blunt  papilhe  behind  chin,  a  barbel  at  end  of  maxillary,  not  ^  so 
long  as  diameter  of  pupil.  A  pair  of  sharp  rostral  spines  pointiii<; 
forward  and  upward;  behind  these  a  pair  of  curved  spines  pointing 
upward,  outward,  and  backward;  between  these  and  behind  the  rostral 
spines  an  almost  circular  pit  which  is  ontively  occupied  by  the  upjxr 
end  of  the  premaxillary  process;  interorbital  wide  and  concave,  a  slight 
median  ridge,  running  from  the  rostral  pit  to  a  point  above  pupil,  eacli 


Jordan  and  HiwnnaHH. — fishes  of  North  .hfur/ttt.     2077 


liiiiiti-ly  HIT- 
■H  on  tup  11 
({iiliir  leitl'in 
•H  on  liri'ii-.!, 

rk«M-   tllllll     :i 

niorly  wi  h 

'  ur    l(>HH    ih 

ter;  a  ))lu<  k 
!ll«fH  on  h1iI>  H 

iiiirkt'd  Willi 
itc;  vuiitmls 
with  olmniic 
illmlroim  M;i- 
tn  PcniiiHul;!, 
nioiit. ) 

[H)),  4:17,  Beri'ii; 
83'  30"  N.,  loin;. 


■  vertical  tin-, 
iicli  shortfiii  (I 
lower  ra.VM  »( 
•y  Ton^li,  till" 
i«>ls:  uo  pit  iit 


;  pectoral  1;'>; 

ines  H/i;  niax- 

e  2A;  lii|;hcst 
ody  elouKiitf, 

y  prouiiiHMit; 
u,  curved  up 
large  spines; 
Milfroni  fmnt 

ff  protractile; 
the  auterioi 
)8;  a  few  veiy 
lary,  not  A  so 
ines  pointing' 
iues  pointiii;^ 
ud  the  rostral 
by  the  ni>]»<i' 
leave,  a  siiglit 
fo  pupil,  eacli 


,iiii<  of  which  Ih  an  niitwiirdly  oiirvod  rid^c  eliding  in  a  niitinti'  npinc; 
over  iMich  «yo  in  tlin  liirKCMt  npinu  on  thn  head  or  hody ;  the  lar^e  trian- 
:(ilitr  orliital  Hpinc,  itK  Ihiho  occupying  iieurly  th<>  wiiolo  npaeo  almve 
<  yc,  Hharp  and  ntronKly  hiiol<i>d  l>urk  ;   on  the  anterior  part  of  i's  Iiiihi<  a 

mall,  Nhi'ip,  pn^oi  liital  Hpinr,  pointint;  upward;  a  Ht-rieH  of  tniniitr  HpincN, 
:  mining  nirdially  along  the  top  of  the  lioiid  and  body,  from  a  point 
iirtween  th«^  orliital  spincN  to  tho  lliHt  doiHai  npine;  on  cai-h  aide  of  tlicHe 

iri<  2  largo  Idunt  HpincH  with  traccH  of  a  Kinallcr  «>no  between  tln-m,  con- 
linuoUH  with  the  doiNnl  keelH  of  body:  farther  down  and  eontiiiuon". 
witii  the  upper  lateral  keel  ut'  body  Ih  a  ridge  broken  up  into  I  iiregul  ir 
^pincH,  larger  than  the  body  H|)inoH;  I  triangular  >  pines  on  edge  of 
jireoporcle,  the  upper  one  the  largeHt;  a  very  irr-giilar  ridge  running  from 
upper  preoperenlar  Hpine,  under  eye,  to  HtiuUt;  a  ridge  (mi  upper  part  of 
•  iperch-.  Kody  with  l  ridgen  on  each  Hide,  formed  by  the  HcnIeH,  eaeli  of 
which  enda  in  a  Hpine;  traces  of  ik  ridge  lietween  lateral  ridgcH,  tlie  nidnen 
on  altdoniinal  ridgcH  an  sharp  as  thoHt>  t>n  rest  of  body;  a  Y-Hhap«>d  ridge 
iif  HpineH  in  front  of  ventrals,  the  forks  toward  the  ventrals  and  the 
liaHc  ending  at  gill  membrane;  a  raiHod  area  liotwcen  vi>ntrnl  tluH,  run- 
ning from  their  base  to  their  tipa,  which  in  entirely  covered  with  small 
liricklcH,  the  anus  in  the  posterior  end  of  this;  dornal  and  nbdnndnal 
I'idgcH  coalescing  with  their  fellowa  of  the  opposite  side,  but  coming 
together  HO  gra«lually  that  it  ia  imposaible  to  tell  exactly  ^vhcre  they 
unite  as  the  Hpinea  continue  distinct  to  the  eandal  lin.  Small  spines 
('ov(>ring  the  outer  ]iartof  the  liaseof  the  pectoral;  a  ring  of  apines  around 
caudal  Itaae;  occiput  abruptly  higher  than  body,  but  Hcarcely  forming  a 
pit  as  body  is  altout  b<vel  liehind  it.  Hpinous  doraal  highcat  in  front,  the 
seciuul  spine  reaching  to  baae  of  last  Hpine  when  fin  in  depreaaod;  the 
iluraal  rayH  Hui)e<iual  in  length,  the  hiHt  not  Hhortened  and  not  adnate  to 
itody,  last  ray  reaching  to  the  tenth  plate  liefcue  caudal  tin;  pectoral  tin 
poHt«>rior]y  rounded  in  outline,  the  lower  raya  not  pnulnced,  reaching  to 
sec(md  plate  before  anal  tin;  ventrals  amall,  reach ing ,j uat  paat  vent;  anal 
longer  and  lower  than  aoft  dorsal;  doraal  and  anal  ending  at  the  same 
corrcaponding  place;  caudal  (in  rouiuled  behind.  Color  in  Hpirita,  gray 
with  7  or  8  tlark  cross  bara;  head  uniform  gray  with  the  exception  of  a 
dark  Hpot  atocciiuit;  Itelly dusky;  dorsala  aoiliewhat  mottled ;  anal  black 
with  a  white  apot  near  ita  middle;  pectorala  white  with  a  large  black 
spot  on  baao  of  raya;  ventral  black,  abruptly  white  at  tipa;  caudal  black, 
edged  with  white.  I'uget  Sound.  One  specimen,  1^  inches  in  lengtli, 
dredg(^d  at  I'ort  Orchard,  near  Seattle.  (.Jordan  &  Starks.)  Another 
since  taken  at  I\)rt  Ludlow.     («§//';/,  an  ax;  oi/tfjvg,  eyebrow.) 

Xytte» axinophryi,  Jordan  \-.  Siahks,  Prm;.  Cal.  Ao.  Sci.  1895,  824,  pi.  02,  Port  Orchard, 
Admiralty  Inlet.    (Coll.  B.  C.  Starks.) 

773.  BATHYAGONUS,  Gilbert. 

Bathyagonus,  CilLniRT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  xni,  1890, 80  {nigrijnnnin). 

Spinous  doraal  developed ;  lower  jaw  the  longer ;  plates  of  body  spinous ; 
gill  membranee  united  to  isthmus,  not  forming  a  fold  across  it;  tet^th  well 
devehipcd  on  jaws,   vomer,  and  palatines;  pectorals  not  notched,  the 


L,'.i.?/.i  -Lrf  jjk- 


W^ii',^^ 


"  m 


2078       •  Diillctin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

upp<^r  raj'H  longest,  the  lower  heconiitijj  reRulnrly  HlinrttMied ;  Imncs  of 
li«!i(l  thin  ami  yiehliiijj,  the  system  of  iiiiicous  r-anals  very  stroiioly 
devoloiuid.     Dcoii-soii,  Agonoids.     (kadi's,  deep;  Jf/OM««.) 

2422.  BATIIYAOOMIS  M(mIPI^^\IS/  Cilhert. 

B.  6;  1  1).  6to  «;  2  D.  6or7;  A.  7  to9;  P.  15  or  16;  V.  3  (1, 1) ;  C.  1-11-1 ;  v.i 
tt'l»'ie  11 +  31  —  (45).  Pylorie  cn-ca  5  (1  individuiil).  Hody  dcprcsscl 
throughout,  <h'pth  ,;*  of  width,  the  IjittcT  !»■;  iii  body  h'ngth ;  sluirply  octat;- 
ouiii,  tail  Ktnnigiy  deprcHsed  hexugoual,  its  httcral  luces  very  narrow. 
TIk^  ridges  eonipressod;  the  small  sharp  spines  present  on  all  the  ridgt  s 
from  head  to  caudal  except  on  the  median  V(^ntriil  series  of  jiednncle  and 
the  first  few  plates  hehind  the  pectoral  in  the  imperfect  lateral  series. 
One  to  3  |)iiir8  of  plates  between  last  ray  of  second  dorsal  and  first  median 
plate,  and  1  or  2  pairs  between  last  anal  ray  and  first  median  plate;  1  or  2 
plates  in  front  of  and  4  or  5  small,  sharplj'  spinous  plates  on  base  of  pec- 
torals; about  22  plates,  radially  striate,  elevated  at  the  center,  sonu^  of 
the  strongest  iniiiutely  spinous,  on  breast  in  a  median  and  2  lateral  rows 
(the  latter  continuous  with  the  ventrolateral  series)  and  in  t.ie  ridge-likc 
rows  forming  the  edges  of  breast;  no  plates  nn-dially  on  posterior  part  or' 
the  branchiostogal  mtnnbrani^  or  laterally  on  the  anterior  part;  from  1  to  W 
or  4  well-developed  i)lates  on  front  part  of  lower  side  of  lower  jaw;  the 
membranactutns  '.iiterval  behind  vent,  between  the  ventrolateral  series, 
occupied  by  about  5  to  9  plates,  partly  arranged  in  pairs;  none  between 
ventrals  and  vent.  Head  4J  to  5  in  body,  nnu'h  depressed,  its  greatest 
depth  ;|  of  its  greatest  width,  the  latter  equaling  width  of  body;  snout 
broad,  flat,  shovel-like,  nearly  equal  to  long  diameter  of  orbit;  orbit 
<d)long-oval,  its  v<'rti<'al  diameter  jj  of  the  longitudinal,  the  latter  3  or  a 
little  less  in  ht^ad;  interorbital  space  concavt*,  about  as  in  trtacunthua,  but 
broader,  with  a  pair  «)f  minor  longitudinal  ridges,  about  9  in  head,  about 
2  in  vertical  diameter  of  orbit;  the  moderate  supraocular  ridges  ending 
in  a  sharp  spine,  the  8<"arctdy  developed  occipital  ridges  with  2  pairs,  of 
which  the  anterior  is  low  and  blunt;  the  well  developed  temporal  ridge 
with  2  or  3  small  spines  and  terminating  in  a  larger  suprascapular  spine; 
bridge  across  <'heek  close  under  orbit  with  about  1  spine  on  preorbital,  3 
on  suborbital,  and  ending  in  1  on  preopercle;  1  of  about  the  same  size 
below  the  last  on  preopercle.  Cheek  below  ridge  with  2  to  4  (usually  3; 
spinous  plates;  nasal  spines  small,  sharp,  directed  backward;  movable 
median  rostral  plate  small,  varying  in  size  and  s'lapo  (disappearing  with 
the  prolongation  of  lower  jaw),  its  lateral  expansicms  usually  free,  as 
spines;  3  small  upright  diverging  spines  (only  2  systematically  placed  in 
1  specimen).  M(uith  ol)li<iue,  lower  jaw  somewhat  protruding,  maxillary 
searrely  reaching  front  of  orbit.  Teeth  moderate,  present  on  ja\\  s,  vomer, 
and  palatines.    Two  barbels,  1  large  and  the  other  "^nall,  at  tip  of  maxil- 


*  Diagnosis;  Roily  slender,  taporing  uniformly,  <1ei»r('8s«(l  thioiigliout,  its  dei)tli  \  of  its 
widtli  at  bas'^  of  pectorals,  tin;  latter  9j|  in  Icngtii;  head  4,}  to  5  in  lengtli.  Plates  in  tlio 
dorsal  series  43  or  44 ;  Itetween  occiput  and  first  dorsal  7  or  8;  between  dorsals  6,  some- 
times  7;  between  ventrals  and  anal  lit  to  I."}  pairs.  Lowar  .jaw  protruding;  2  barbels  at 
tip  of  ea  ,li  maxillary;  median  rostral  )ilate  jjrescint,  witn  It  small  diverging  spines:  nasal 
spines  small,  separate;  1  p.iir  supraocular  and  2  ))nirs  occipital  s))ines.  (till  membranes 
.{oiucd  to  isthmus.    Under  side  dusky,  lighter  nbovt^ ;  all  the  fins  blue  black. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2070 


liiry,  nono  on  lowor  jaw,  t)io  mucous  porog  bordertMl  l»y  lobod  flaps.  Gill 
lutMubruufs  broadly  uuitt'd,  joiuod  to  iHtbmus,  witbout  fn-i^  fobl.  Dorsiil 
lins  well  8*>pii rated;  anal  bt'^rinning  alraut  3  plates  i<i  front  of  beginniu^ 
of  second  dorsal;  pccforalH  5[}  in  body,  tln-ir  bam^  3^  in  tlieir  lengtli,  witli 
1')  or  16  graduated  rays,  tbo  uppermost  lon}{(>8t;  ventrals  of  malo  nearly  3 
in  bead,  "bout  equal  to  long  diamt-ter  of  orbit,  tbo'"«  of  female  ^  to  j|  as 
long  as  tbose  of  nial«>;  caudal  a))out  3  tinier  as  long  as  wide  at  baHc.  Lat- 
eral lin«(  witb  43  or  44  pores;  plateH  spineleHs,  ratber  large.  In  a  young 
male  2  incbes  long  tbe  nie<lian  roHtral  plate  Ih  absent,  all  tbe  plates  on 
breast  sbarply  ridged  and  spinous;  vent  near  tip  of  ventrals,  ^  of  tbe  dis- 
tance from  ventrals  to  anal,  witb  5  pairs  of  minute  spinous  plates  between 
ventrals  and  vent.  Hody  not  tapering  uniformly;  broader  in  front,  nar- 
rowing abruptly  near  front  of  tirst  dorsal;  tail  not  so  mncb  depressed; 
bead  3i  in  body  lengtb.  Color  ligbt  above,  blue  black  on  under  side  of 
bead;  breast  and  belly  dusky;  all  tbe  lins  intensely  blue  black.  Pacific; 
known  from  tbe  Aleutian  Islanis,  Bering  Sea,  s(mtb  to  coast  of  Wasbiug- 
ton ;  abundant  in  350  to  477  fatboms.  Here  described  from  Dr.  Gilbert's 
typ-is.    Dr.  Gilbert  observes: 

In  adult  HpecimeoH  tlio  lower  pectoral  rays  show  a  tendency  to  elongate,  as  in  Xenochi- 
nig.  but  tlio  fln  is  never  distinctly  notched.  The  lo wer  jaw  always  strongly  itrotrudes, 
and  the  genus  ditl'ers  fiirthi^r  in  the  \'ery  thin  cranial  liones  and  the  inordinate  develop- 
ment of  the  mucous  system.  In  addition  to  the  specitic  characters  mentioned  in  the 
original  description,  Ave  note  that  the  eyeball  does  not  exhibit  the  usual  row  of  prickles 
and  that  2  barbels  arc  usually  jtresent  at  end  of  maxillary,  either  black  or  white  in  color. 
The  mi^iority  of  the  specimens  were  obtained  r.orth  of  Unalaska  Island,  but  it  was  also 
taken  south  of  the  Islands,  and  otf  the  coast  of  Washington,  at  AlbatroM  Stations  3210, 
Oiiie,  3:t24, 31125,  3320,  3330,  3331, 3337,  and  3343 ;  depths  109  to  483  fathoms. 

{niger,  black;  pinna,  fin.) 

Bathyagonug  niijripinidg,  GuatiiUT,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1890,  80,  Aleutian  Islands  and 
coast  of  Washington.    (Coll.  Alhaiross.) 

774.  XENOCHIRUS,  Gilbert. 

Xenochirus,  Gn.BERT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  AIus.  xui,  1890, 90  (triacanthua) . 

Spinous  dorsal  present.  Jaws  equal  or  tbe  upper  tbe  longer.  Plates  of 
body  spinous.  Gill  membranes  united  to  istbmus,  the  posterior  edge 
sometimes  forming  a  very  narrow  free  fold  across  throat.  Tip  of  snout 
with  a  movable  median  plate  or  spine.  Teeth  well  developed  on  jaws, 
vomer,  and  palatines.  Pectorals  divided  by  a  deep  notch  into  2  portions, 
tbe  lower  composed  of  greatly  thickened  rays  which  are  simple  and  fre- 
quently longer  than  those  of  the  upper  lobe,  these  lengthened  rays  not 
usually  developed  in  the  young.  A  series  of  small  spines  on  eyeball  above 
pupil.  North  Pacific.  This  genus  is  very  close  to  Jialhijagonus  which 
represents  it  in  deeper  water.  Both  are  near  Odontopyxia,  but  the  relation 
to  Avvrruncu8 nuA  Sarritor  is  more  remote,    {^evo^,  strange;  X^ip>  hand.) 


Ilostral  plate  with  3  upright  spines. 
h.  llreast  with  numerous  plates. 
hh.  Breast  smooth;  plates  of  body  rougher. 
r.  Kostral  plate  with  1  upright  spine. 

c.  Gill  membrane  with  jiosterior  frtm  fold. 
ee.  Gill  membrane  without  posterior  free  fold. 


FENTACANTHUS,  2423. 
ALASCANUS,  2424. 

LATIFHON.S,  2425. 
TKIACANTHC8,  2426. 


^ 


2080         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1-      i 

A 

St'               1 

^1 

'                 '1 

J                     .M    t 

^ 

iti-              i-;(.'M      ' 

J.    ^ 


2428.  XKXOCIIIRIIM  PKNTAfAMIIIIH,*  Gilbert. 

B.6;  1  D.5to7;  2  D.5to7;  A.6to8;  P.14orl5;  V.  3  (1, 2) ;  C.  1-12-1 ;  vor- 
ti^brui  12 -f- 28  =  (40).  Pyloric  cd'ca  5  (I  individual).  Body  S-liedral, 
HllKlitly  depressed;  peduncle  considerably  depressed,  hexagonal,  the  lat- 
eial  faces  narrow.  Spines  of  body  small  and  ehar]i,  projecting  backwjud 
nearly  parallel  with  axis  of  body,  decreasing  gradually  in  size  froni  hcud 
to  caudal  in  the  dorsolateral  and  superior  lateral  series,  poorly  dev«^lo))n| 
on  the  inferior  lateral  series  only  from  behind  the  pectoral  to  opposite 
front  of  anal,  entirely  absent  from  the  ventrolateral  series.  Plates  on 
breast,  2  pairs  in  front  of  ventrals,  followed  anteriorly  l)y  3  median  siufjlc 
plates;  on  each  side  of  these  a  longitudinal  row  of  4  or  5  smaller  platen, 
continuous  with  the  ventrolateral  series;  outside  of  these  the  plates  form- 
ing the  (^dge  of  the  breast.  Branchiostegal  membrane  posteriorly  with  ;} 
or  more  very  weak  plates  medially,  or  none  at  all;  none  on  the  incin- 
branes  laterally ;  2  or  3  fairly  developed  ones  in  front  part  of  under  sido 
of  lower  jaw;  the  membrane  behind  vent  studded  with  several  poorly 
developed  plates,  none  between  ventrals  ond  vent.  Head  as  in  X  latifroiix, 
but  more  depressed  and  slender;  snout  not  quite  so  short,  blunt;  greatest 
depth  of  head  J  of  its  width,  the  latter  7  in  length  of  body;  orbits  largo, 
oval,  their  longitudinal  diameter  2^  in  head;  a  slightly  curved  row  of  l 
or  5  backwardly  directed  small  spines  on  eyeball  just  above  pupil;  intcr- 
orbital  space  deeply  concave,  with  minor  ridges  very  narrow,  about  3J^  in 
long  diameter  of  eye,  9  in  bead;  a  single  pair  of  supraocular  spines;  the 
poorly  developed  occipital  ridges  with  2  pairs  of  spines,  of  which  tlio 
anterior  is  very  low  and  blunt;  temporal  ridges  moderate,  terminating  in 
a  blunt  spine;  the  interrupted  ridge  across  cheek  less  prominent  and  shell- 
like  than  in  A'.  latifrons,  bearing  1  spine  (sometimes  2)  in  front  of  anterior 
inferior  angle  of  orbit,  1  or  2  on  suborbital,  and  a  single  broad  flat  spiuc 
(sometimes  preceded  by  a  very  small  one)  at  posterior  edge  of  preopercle ; 
cheek  below  ridge  entering  into  ventral  surface  of  head  with  a  longitudinal 
series  of  3  or  4  plates ;  nasal  spines  sharp,  far  apart;  median  rostral  plate 
small,  movable,  variable,  its  lateral  expansions  exposed  as  spines  and  with 
3  (in  1  specimen  4)  diverging  spines  directed  upward  and  backward;  not 
projecting  beyond  premaxillaries;  maxillary  reaching  very  little  beyond 
front  of  orbit,  entirely  covered  by  preorbital.  Jaws  equal ;  teeth  on  jaws, 
vomer,  and  palatines.  Two  barbels  at  tip  of  each  maxillary;  those  on 
iinder  sido  of  mandible  inconstant;  occasionally  a  very  small  pair  near  tip 
of  jaw,  at  the  2  ends  of  the  terminal  mucous  pore ;  another  ut  edge  of  next 
niucoiis  pore  nearly  constant,  but  very  variable,  long,  short,  or  only  a  small 
pimple,  single,  double,  or  even  a  pair  on  each  side;  occasionally  a  very 
small  one  at  e«lge  of  third  pore.     Dorsal  fins  separated  by  a  moderate 

*  Diagiiosis :  Body  slightly  depressed,  its  depth  a  little  less  than  its  width,  taperinia: 
moderately,  and  thj  tail  tapciing  more  gradually  toward  the  caudal;  width  of  body  at 
base  of  pectorals  7  in  length ;  head  4J ;  plates  in  dorsal  series  39;  from  occiput  to  first  dor- 
sal 7  or  8,  between  dorsals  5  or  6,  from  ventrals  to  anal  12  or  13  pairs;  barbels  2  at  tip  nf 
maxillary,  those  on  lower  jaw  inconstant,  usually  2  pairs.  Median  rostral  plate  small, 
nearly  vertical,  with  3  upright  spines;  nasal  si>ines  prominent,  separated;  1  nair  of  supra- 
ocular and  1  pair  of  uccipitarspuies.  Teeth  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines ;  gill  membranes 
joined  to  isthmus  without  free  fold.  Brownish  olive  above,  pale  below ;  4  or  5  dusky  cross 
bars  on  back. 


Jordan  and  Rvcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2081 


-12-1;  ver- 

r  8-he(lr!il, 

III,  the  lilt- 

backward 

fnrtii  head 

«lev«'l<)i)nl 

bo  opposite 

PlatcH  (111 

(lian  Bin<;U' 

Her  pliitcH, 

)lates  foriii- 

orly  with :{ 

I  the  iiioiii- 
nnder  sido 
eral  poorly 
A',  latifruun, 
it;  greatest 
rbits  larg*;, 
hI  row  of  l 
upil;  iuter- 
aboiit  3^  in 
Bpiucs;  the 
f  which  tlio 
minatiug  in 
|it  and  shcH- 
;  of  anterior 

II  flat  spiiii' 
preopercle ; 
ongitudinal 
>stral  plate 
es  and  with 

ward;  not 
tie  beyond 
th.  on  jaws, 

;  those  on 
lirnear  tip 
jdgeof  next 

nlyaamall 

ally  a  very 
moderate 


Jth,  tapering 
Ih  of  body  at 
kt  to  first  dor- 
^Is  2  at  tip  of 

plate  small. 
Jjair  of  snpra- 
|1  munibranes 

>  dusky  croHS 


Hpace;  flrst  dorsal  with  5  to  7,  nnnally  6  spine  j;  anal  begins  2  or  3  plates 
in  front  of  second  dorsal;  pectorals  6J^  in  length  of  body,  their  base  3  in 
their  '"^ngtb,  the  lower  5  or  6  rays  <;xHerted,  separatiid  from  the  upper  by 
a  notch  in  the  adult,  the  2  or  3  uppermost  of  the  oxsertod  rays  sonitttimeB 
longer  than  the  longest  upper  rays;  ventrals  of  female  a  little  less  than 
long  diameter  of  orbit,  J  as  long  as  in  male;  caudal  3  times  as  long  as  wide 
:it  base;  lateral  line  39  to  41;  pore  plates  thin,  weak,  spineless.  Color 
olive  brownish,  pale  below,  with  5  faint  cross  bars,  1  beneath  tirst  dorsal, 
I  between  dorsals,  1  beneath  ])08terior  part  of  second  dorsal  running  up  on 
lin,  2  on  peduncle;  these  bars  often  indistinot  or  absent;  a  blackish  blotch 
in  axil;  caudal  black,  narrowly  edged  with  white;  dorsals  dusky,  darker 
toward  tips,  second  dorsal  narrowly  white-edged ;  pectorals  dusky ;  short, 
black  streaks  on  rays  forming  indefinite  cross  bars,  those  at  base  aggre- 
•rated  into  a  blotch ;  ventials  light  in  both  sexes.  Length  7  inches.  Deep 
waters  of  North  Pacific,  Bering  Sea  to  San  Diego,  in  70  to  339  fathoms. 
Here  described  from  Dr.  Gilbert's  types,    {icivre,  five;  axav^a,  spine.) 

Xenoehirxu  pentacanthui,  Gilbert,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1890,  91,  Bering  Sea  and  off 
San  Diego.    (Coll.  Albatrois.) 

2424.  XENOCHIRUS  ALA8CANUS,  Gilbert. 

Head  4^  to  4^  in  length;  width  of  head  equaling  or  slightly  exceeding 
length  of  snout  and  eye.  Depth  of  body  equaling  length  of  snout  and  i 
eye.     Fin  rays  in  8  specimens  as  follows : 


Spinous  dorsal. 

Soft  dorsal. 

Anal. 

V. 
1 

VI 
4 

VII. 
3 

6. 

7. 

7. 

8. 

6 

2 

7 

1 

Pectoral  15  or  16.  Ventral  I,  2.  Lateral  line  39  or  40.  A  decided  pit 
behind  the  eyes,  and  a  deep  transverse  nuchal  depression,  the  two  separ- 
ated by  the  prominent  occipital  region.  Snout  of  moderate  length,  much 
depressed  behind  the  spines,  3^  to  3^  iu  head.  Eye  3  in  head  in  adults. 
Interorbital  space  wider,  much  more  deeply  concave,  the  supraocular 
ridges  very  heavy,  minutely  roughened,  ending  posteriorly  in  robust 
8])ine8.  Rostral  spines  as  iu  X.  pentacanthna.  A  small  apical  plate  bear- 
ing 3  small  diverging  spines,  behind  which  are  2  longer  ones.  Preor- 
liital  with  a  small  spinous  point  directed  backwards.  A  spine  posteriorly 
on  bony  bridge  across  cheek.  Below  this  bridge,  the  cheek  is  entirely 
mailed  by  3  rounded  plates  which  bear  no  spines,  except  in  the  young, 
and  .so  intimately  joined  that  the  sutures  are  difficult  to  discover.  In 
\,  pentacanthu8  the  plates  are  much  smaller  and  do  not  entirely  cover 
the  cheeks,  leaving  soft  areas  surrounding  them ;  the  2  posterior  plates 
in  this  species  also  bear  spines.  Maxillary  3;|  in  head,  barely  reaching 
front  of  orbit.  Teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines,  the  usual  row  of  5 
or  6  prickles  on  eyeball.  Prt'opercle  with  3  diverging  spines  at  angle,  a 
rounded  lobe  beneath  them;  spines  and  ridges  otherwise  as  in  A',  penta- 


r 


i! 


wmmi  ''• 

H^H^  ' 

^HR  ■  ra, 

H^'^  i 

W''^ 

1  '■■! 

^"i"     ,* 

Ir^    ..; 

'^)f 


2082         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

canfhus,  but  strougor  uiid  ronglusr;  3  or  4  strong  platea  ]ire8ent  on 
giilar  merahriine;  a  few  weak  ones  or  none  on  brancliiostegal  tneuibranu 
niesiiilly.  Two  bar)>rls  at  tip  of  vnvh  maxillary,  and  a  pair,  often  double. 
on  under  side  of  mandible  arlHing  from  tbu  margin  of  tlio  anterior  pair  <>{' 
mandibular  pores.  Tho  symphj'Heal  pore  bas  its  margiii  sometimes  pK, 
vided  with  very  short  barbel-like  elevations.  Space  b»'tw«'en  dorsal  ridycs 
V  .ry  deeply  concave  in  front  of  dorsal  tins;  the  single  rid^ie  behind  dorsi.l 
fins  provided  with  very  short,  scarcely  precept ible,  double  spines;  lo\V(  r 
lateral  series  of  plates  <*ontinned  forward  to  axil  of  pectorals,  becomiiif; 
indistinct  in  A',  pentncanlhus;  ventral  series  anteriorly  with  few  short 
spines  or  none,  this  series  strongly  spined  in  A',  pfntacanihim;  ])lates  (ni 
breast  arranged  alike  in  the  2  speeies,  l)nt  in  A'.  aUismiiiis  they  iire  moid 
finely  striate,  and  bear  neither  spines  nor  raised  centers,  exeept  ii)  very 
young  examples.  In  A",  pnilaeanfhiix  the  elevated  centers  nuiy  or  may  not 
bear  short  spines.  Seven  plates  before  dorsal,  8  or  9  under  spinous  dorsal, 
2  or  3  between  dorsals,  7  or  8  under  soft  dorsal.  13  or  14  b(>hind  dorsals. 
Distance  from  snout  to  nape  etiualing  or  slight  y  exceedinr  "hat  from  naiui 
to  first  dorsal.  Front  of  anal  under  end  of  spinous  dorsal  or  slightly 
l)ehind  that  point,  more  anteriorly  placed  than  in  A',  prnfacanlhua.  Ven- 
trals  2Js  to  2)}  in  head.  Lower  pectoral  rays  produced,  with  incised  mem- 
branes as  long  as  head  behind  rostral  spines.  Color  lighter  than  in  A. 
pevtacanthitH,  more  or  less  ihiely  speckled  above,  usually  with  5  or  G  dusky 
cross  bars  on  back;  a  series  of  liaear  dark  blotches  below  the  lateral  line; 
head  often  finely  speckled  with  brown,  and  showing  traces  of  a  brown 
bar  forward  from  eye  to  snout;  dorsals,  caudal,  and  upper  half  of  fiec- 
tor%l  light,  finely  speckled  with  brown,  the  caudal  shaded  with  dusky; 
ventrals  and  anal  white.  Most  nearly  related  to  X.  pentacanihtta  with 
which  it  agrees  in  having  a  rostral  plate  b«'aring  3  spines  and  in  tlu! 
absence  of  a  free  fold  to  branchiostegal  membranes.  It  difters  cinspicu- 
ously  in  the  l>roader  liead,  with  its  mui^h  heavier  spines  and  ridges,  in  the 
presence  of  deep  jiostocular  and  nuchal  pits,  in  the  smooth  breast  and 
cheeks,  in  adults  in  the  difterent  coloration  and  fin  rays,  and  in  many 
other  different  details.  Aleutian  Islands;  taken  rather  abundantly  in 
the  vicinity  of  Unimak  Pass,  both  north  and  south  of  the  islands,  at 
depths  of  56  to  138  fathoms.  (Gilbert.)  Taken  by  us  oflf  Karluk.  {alas- 
caviis,  pertaining  to  Alaska.) 

Xenochirus  alascanus,  Gilbert,  Eept.  IT.  S.  Fish  Comtu.  1893  (1896),  438,  Unimak  Pass 
Aleutian  Islands.     (Coll.  Albatross.) 

2425.  XE\OCHIRUS  LATIFBO\S,*  Gilbert. 

B.  6;  ID.  6  or  7;  2  D.  7;  A.  7  or  8;  P.  14  or  15;  Y.  3  (1,2);  C.  1-11-1; 
vertebric   12 +  29  =  (41).     Body   as  deep   as   wide,  8-hedral;   caudal  .po- 

*  Diagnosis:  Body  slender,  taperinfr  uniformly  from  head  to  caudal;  depth  equalinjj 
width,  the  hitter  at  base  of  pec'onils  8J  in  length ;  licad  4J.  Pliites  in  dorsal  sefics  37  to 
40;  between  occiput  and  first  dorsal  6,  occasionally  7;  between  dorsals  4  or  .t;  from  ven- 
trals to  anal  13  or  14  pairs.  One  hirge  barbel  at  tii>Vf  maxillary,  1  pair  near  tip  of  lower 
Jaw,  at  edges  of  terminal  mucous  i)6re,  and  1  at  edge  of  next  pore.  Median  rostral  plate 
present,  with  a  single  upright  spine.  Nasal  sjiines  i)romiiient,  separate«l;  1  pair  supra- 
ocular and  2  pairs  occipital  spines.  Teeth  in  .jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  <  Jill  membranes 
joined  to  isthmus,  with  narrow  free  fohl  behind.  Dusky  olive,  paler  below;  5  or  6  indi^i- 
tiuct  dark  cross  bars;  spinous  dorsal  with  black  margin. 


'jf\tJSi^^J^L&    IuJ^^^»^^L•tdir^^b^i^^^^.^•dLui.^^  ^^ 


Jordan  and  Rvcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      2083 


|)TeBent  on 
ineuibraiK; 
ten  <l(»ul>lt>. 
rior  pair  nl 
)tinies  pill 
[>v8al  ridjiCH 
liiiul  (loisiil 
iiich;   lowi  r 
>,,  becomiiiii 
I  few  Hhoit 
;   plates  on 
ly  lire  move 
i-ept  ii>  v«'iv 
r  or  niiiy  not 
nous  dorsal, 
itid  dorsals. 
[»t  from  naiii^ 
1  or  slightly 
nihua.     Ven- 
ncised  ihphi- 
r  than  in  A. 
5  or  (5  dusky 
I  lateral  lint'; 
g  of  a  \)ro\vii 
half  of  pe( 
I  with  dusky; 
canfhua  with 
8  and  in  the 
ora  cinspicu- 
ridges,  in  tho 
I  breast  and 
,nd  in  many 
undantly  in 
e  islands,  at 
rluk.     {alas- 

|,  Unimak  Pass 


});C.  1-11-1; 
I,  caudal  .po- 

depth  equaling 
lirsal  series  37  to 
,  or  5;  lr(>ni  veii- 
jar  tip  of  lowtT 
lian  rostral  plalo 
m\  :  1  pair  suprii- 
fOill  menibraiitrt 

Dw ;  5  or  6  indis- 


diinclo  depressed,  6-hcdral.    Tlio  thin,  sharp,  curved  spines  present  on 
all  th'«  ridges;    on  the  dorsolateral   and  superior  lateral   series,   from 
hca<l  to  caudal;  on  the  inferior  lateral  ccries,  from  opposite  front  end 
of  first  dorsal  to  base  of  caudal ;  and  on  ventrolateral  series,  from  base 
of  pectorals  to  a  short   distance  in   front  of  anal;  2  pairs  of  plates 
lietween  last  ray  of  second  dorsal  and  first  median  plate,  and  2  pairs 
between  last  anal  ray  and  <irs\   median  plate;  about  23  oval,   striated 
plates  with  raised  centers  on  breast;  no  plat"s  on  branchiostegal  mem- 
brane;  2  or  3  anteriorly  on  under  side  of  mandibJe;   a   small  plate  or 
none  in  front  of  pectorals.     Mombranu  behind  vent  with  (5  to  9  small 
plates  arranged  in  i)airs,  uono  bciween  ventrals  and  vent.     Head  de- 
presse<l,  its  depth  J,  of  width,  the  latter  (across  preopercles)  7  in  lengili  of 
body;    snout   short,  blunt.     Orbits  large,  oval,  the   vertical   diameter  J 
of  the  longitudinal  tliamcter,  the  latter  2.V  in  heatl;  3  to  5  small,  baok- 
wardly  directed  spines  in  a  slightly  curved  line  on  eyeball  Just  above 
pupil,     Interorbital  space  very  narrow,  7  in  Iwad,  deeply  con<'ave,  with 
2   minute   bmgitudinal   ridges.     Supraocular  ridges  with   1  spine,   the 
poorly  develojied  occipital  ridges  with  2,  of  which  the  anterior  is  much 
the  smaller;    the   interrupted   suboibital   ridge   close  under  orbit,  well 
developed,  with  2  spines  «m  suborbital  and  1  on  preopercle;  no  plates  on 
lower  part  of  cheek,  Avhich  enters  ventral  surface  of  head ;  nasal  spines 
sharp,  far  apart;  median  rostral  plate  small,  its  lateral  expansions  em- 
bedded in  the  skin,  a  single,  small,  median,  curved,  upright  spine.     Max- 
illary reaching  slightly  beyond  front  of  orbit;  lower  jaw  a  very  little 
mcluded;    well  developed  teeth  in  several  rows  on  jaws,  vomer,  and 
palatines.     A  single  long  barbed  at  tip  of  maxillary ;  a  small  pair  at  ends 
of  the  terminal  mucous  pore,  n»;ar  the  tip  of  lower  jaw,  and  another  just 
i)ehind  this  at  the  edge  of  the  next  pore,  the  former  sometimes,  the  latter 
frequently,  bifid  or  a  pair  on  ea<'h  side.     Dorsals  fairly  separated;  second 
dorsal  higher  than  first;  anal  beginning  aliout  1  plate  in  front  of  second 
dorsal ;  jiectorals  6^  in  length  of  body,  their  base  nearly  3  in  their  length, 
with  14  or  15  rays,  the  lower  cxserted,  separated  by  a  notch  from  the 
upper  rays  in  adult,  the  3  or  4  uppermost  of  these  as  long  as  or  longer  than 
the  longest  upper  rays ;  ventrals  of  female  a  little  less  than  long  diameter 
of  orbit,  f  as  long  as  those  of  male;  caudal  broad  and  short,  its  wi«lth  at 
base  a  little  more  than  2  in  its  length.     Lateral  line  with  39  or  40  pores; 
the  plates  small,  spineless.     Color,   dusky  olive,  light  bel  \v,  the  back 
with  5  or  6  faint  dark«'r  crossbars;  axillary  region  blackish,  soft  dorsal 
and  caudal  with  the  rays  black;  si)inous  dorsal  with  a  conspicuous  jet- 
black  margin;  pectorals  somewhat  dusky  above;   ventrals  pale  in  both 
sexes.    Total  length  reaches  7.V  inches.    Deep  waters  of  the  North  Pacific; 
coast  of  Oregon   to  San  Diego  and  outward;    abundant  in  50  to  204 
fathoms.     Here  described  from  Dr.  Gilbert's  types.     (/«/«»,  wide; /rows, 
forehead.) 

Xciiochirus  latlfront,  (iILHEIIT,  Troc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  18it0,  1)2,  off  Coast  of  Oregon  and 
off  San  Diego.     (Cull.  Albatruss. ) 


2084         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


>^ 


9490.  XKNOnilRITN  TRIACANTHUN/  (iilbcrt. 

U.  6;  1  D.  5  or  «;  2  D.(J  or  7;  A.6;  P.  13;  V.3(I,2);  C.  1-11-1.  li.xly 
(leprcsHecl  tliroii^liout  itu  longth,  Hharply  octagonal,  ]>«-(Iiin<-Io  Iiuxiigoiiul ; 
the  sbiirp,  delicato  HpincH  ]>ri>8ent  on  all  the  ridges  from  liuml  to  caudal. 
t'xcrpt  tlie  fh'Ht  few  plntcH  uii  the  inferior  lateral,  and  oil  the  ventrolateial 
from  a  short  distance  in  front  of  anal  to  candal;  one  pair  of  plates  hotwccn 
last  ray  of  srcond  dorsal  and  iirst  median  plate  (the  first  li  median  ])lat('- 
sometimes  each  with  a  piiir  of  closely  approximated  spines)  and  1  pair 
between  last  anal  ray  and  first  median  plate;  ahont  25  radially  striatcii 
plates  on  breast,  5  or  6  small  cues  ou  posterior  part  of  gill  membranes  in 
front  of  breast,  1  on  each  side  anteriorly,  and  3  or  1  well-developed  ])Iat('s 
on  front  part  of  nnder  side  of  mandible;  intervals  between  ventrolatuiiil 
behind  vent  with  12  to  15  small  plates,  mostly  in  pairs,  none  between 
ventrals  and  vent.  Head  more  depressed  and  elongate  than  in  X.  pintacan  - 
</tM«  and  latij'rons,  its  depth  ^  in  width,  the  latter  8]^  in  length  of  body; 
snont  elongate  triangtilar,  nearly  e([nal  to  long  diameter  of  orbit.  Orbits 
oval,  the  vertical  f  of  the  longitndinal  diameter,  the  latter  3  in  bend;  a 
slightly  cnrved  row  of  3  to  5  spines  on  eyeball  above  itnpil.  Interorbital 
space  narrow,  concave,  withont  min(»r  ridges,  9  in  head.  Snpraoenlar 
ridges  ending  in  a  sharp  spine;  occipital  low,  with  2  pairs  of  spines,  ol' 
which  the  anterior  is  low  and  blnnt.  Temporal  moderate,  ending  in  a 
sharp  snprascapnlar  spine;  snborbital  ridge  moderate,  close  under  orbit, 
with  1  spine  on  suborbital  and  ending  in  1  at  edge  of  preopercle ;  below  tlic 
latter  spine,  another,  broadly  triangular;  3  or  4  well-developed  s]>inele.ss 
plates  on  lower  jtart  of  cheek,  which  enters  into  ventral  surface  of  head ; 
nasal  spines  strong,  sharp,  far  apart;  median  rostral  plate  small,  movable, 
slightly  overhanging,  premaxillary  (its  lateral  expansions  as  free  spines* 
bearing  p.  single  upright  spine;  lower  Jaw  u  little  included,  maxillary  not 
reaching  orbit.  Barbels  probably  varying  much,  for  they  diflfju'  markedly 
ou  the  2  sides  of  the  jaw  in  the  single  specimen  examined.  Dorsals  well 
separated;  anal  beginning  about  1  plate  behind  the  beginning  of  second 
dorsal;  pectt»rals  Ty^  in  length  of  body,  their  base  i',^  of  their  length,  witli 
13  rays,  the  4  lower  exserted,  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  n«>tch,  the  2 
uppc-  jf  these  4  longer  than  any  of  the  other  rays;  ventrals  of  male  2) 
in  head  (in  female  probably  shorter);  wii'th  of  caudal  at  base  2|  in  its 
length.  Color  olivaceous,  with  traces  of  darker  cross  bars  on  back,  fins 
light  oi"  somewhat  dusky,  rays  dark ;  ventrals  i»ale  in  both  sexes.  Descrip- 
tion t, liven  from  Dr.  Gilbert's  type.  Total  length  reaches  7  inches.  Coast 
of  Calif) II  Ilia  to  coast  of  Oregon,  in  47  to  204  fathoms;  a  specimen  also 
taken  ntl  Point  Keyes  in  75  fathoms.     (rfjFjg,  three;  auavQa,  B]}ine.) 

Xenoehints  triacanlhus,  (iiLiiERT,  Prod'.  S.  Kat.  Muh.  1890, 01,  coast  of  California,  at  Alba- 
tross Station  3893,  in  145  fathoms;  Jorman  &.  Stauks,  Proo.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1805,  827,  pi.  U;i. 

*  Diagnosis:  liody  tnpering  uniformly  from  liend  to  caudal,  its  depth  i  of  width  at  bnsi- 
of  ]>octoral8,  t)io  latter  8J  iii  Jength;  ht'a<l  5  or  a  little  Whb.  Plates  in  dorsal  snries  ,'tH; 
between  occiput  and  first  dorsid  7 ;  between  dorsals  5 ;  between  ventrals  and  anal  15  pairs. 
Two  barbels  at  tip  of  each  maxillary,  1  pair  at  edge  of  the  terminal  mucous  pore  on  iukIit 
side  of  mandible,  1  at  edge  of  next  pore,  and  1  at  edjje  of  third  ^K)re.  Median  rostral  pinte 
with  a  single  uprigiit  spine.  Nasal  spines  ]>ronuneut;  1  pair  aiipraocnlar  and  2  ]mu'8 
occipital  spines.  Teeth  on  .jaws,  vomer,  and  ]>alatines.  Gill  membranes  joined  to  isth- 
mus, without  free  fold.  Olivaceous,  with  traces  of  darker  cross  burs;  tins  light,  the  rays 
darker. 


m 


'>liJe:  ■.,.L..i.;.v^':^j  ;ii..k^iiy^S.-^y«li*.-:.:i4l;;^ 


Jordan  and  Ever  maun. — Fisltvs  of  North  Amcu'ca.     2085 


775.  ODONTOPYXIS,  L«ukii.>rton. 
Odontopj/xU,  LcM'KINOTON,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mum.,  il,  1870,  ;i2H  {tri»i>inofut). 

lioi'.y  very  Hluuder,  dopieHsi'd,  ta|H!riii^  uiiiroriuly  from  knul  to  oaiulnl; 
b«i»<l  ;H  t»>  H)  the  width  of  body  0  to  7,  doplh  «» to  8  in  It-iij^tli  ol'  l»o«iy.  A 
dtntp  pit  ludiiiid  ocripiit  with  ii  longitiidiiiiil  rid^e  in  its  hottoni;  pltiti-H  in 
dorsal  surioH  35  to  10;  both  dorsal  llns  prrsout;  1  (;{)  niys  in  tirnt,  (5  (7)  in 
HtM-ond;  teeth  numerous  on  JiiwH,  vomer,  iind  piiliitineH.  (jill  nn-nibraiieH 
l)roadly  joiuud  t(»  iHtlinina,  without  lr«-«^  folil;  ti  hIu^Ic  npri);ht  Hpinc  on 
nuMlian  rostrai  plate;  Hiipraocular  H])in<'s  Hmall,  sharp;  '2  pairs  of  hlnnl 
oucii)itul  spiues  or  tubvrcles.    {odovs,  to«»th;  nv^ii,  box.) 

8427.  0D0NT0PYX18  TKINIM>OSUN,~  LockliiKtmi. 

B.  «;  1  D.  4  (occasionally  3);  2  D.  (5  (o.casionally  7);  A.  5  to  7;  T.  11; 
V.  3  (1,2);  C.  1-11-1  (sometimes  l-KM);  pyloric  ca-ca  f)  to  7  (1  or  2  .»ry 
smrU;  3  individuals).  ]{ody  octa^<mal,  the  fa<'es  a  little  concave;  spines 
small,  sharp,  present  on  the  dor8olat«<ral  and  superior  lateral  series  nearly 
fnun  head  to  caudal ;  a  few  very  weak  ones  on  inferior  lateral ;  none  on  ven- 
trolateral aeries;  about  3  long,  sharp  spines  on  ea<-li  side  of  base  of  cand  ' 
on  the  terminal  plates.  Two  or  3  pairs  of  plates  l)et  ween  last  ray  of  second 
dorsal  and  tirst  median  plate,  ami  1  or  2  pairs  between  last  anal  ray  and 
tirst  median  plate;  18  to  20  quite  large,  radially  striat«Ml  plates  on  breast, 
0  or  7  of  varying  size  in  front  of,  and  several  minuto  spinous  on«'s  on  l)a.se 
of  pectorals;  3  or  4  strong  plati's  on  median  part  of  gill  m<*mbranes  pos- 
teriorly, 1  to  3  on  oach  side  in  fiont,  3  or  4  on  under  sid«^  of  jaw,  so  that 
the  whole  of  under  side  of  bead  is  well  armored;  1  or  2  plates  between 
ventrals  and  vent,  the  latter  surrounded  by  small  tubercles.  Head  sonn*- 
what  u^pressed,  its  depth  i^,,  of  its  width,  tbo  latter  7  in  length  of  body; 
orbits  nearly  circular,  the  longitudinal  diameter  about  3^  in  bead;  a  few 
minuto  spines  on  eyeball  above  pupil;  snout  pointed,  equal  to  orbit; 
interorbital  space  concave,  narrow,  §  of  longitudinal  diameter  of  eye; 
occipital  and  temporal  ridges  weak,  A  deep  transverse  pit  behind  occi- 
]»ut,  broader  in  front,  its  bottom  divided  longitudinally  bv  the  cranial 
ridge  above  the  foramen  magnum ;  suborbital  ridge  ino<U  .(e,  1  spine  on 
preorbital,  and  a  very  blunt  flat  one  at  posterior  edge  of  «q>ercle;  1  <»r  2 
blunt  flat  projections  below  the  latter  sidne;  oporcle  with  a  ridge  and  3 
to  7  (»r  8  minute  spines  or  prickles  along  its  posterior  border.  Cheek  b«'li)w 
suborbital  ridge  entering  into  ventral  surfa*'e  of  head,  with  2  or  3  well- 
developed  plat«'8;  several  small  plates  in  a  longitudinal  sc'ries  bebiml 
orbit,  above  suborbital  and  preopercle,  tlie  highly  movable  median 
rostral  plate  Avith  a  single  upright  spine,  its  lateral  expansions  free,  in 

*  Diagnosis:  Body  tapering  uniformly  from  head  to  caudal,  depressed,  its  tiepth  about  I 
of  its  widlli  (nt  base  of  pectorals),  the  latter  7  in  length  of  body.  Head  4A;  a  deep  pit 
behind  occiput,  with  n  longitudinal  ridge  in  its  bottom.  Plates  in  the  dorsal  series  35  to 
37;  between  occiput  and  tirst  dorsal  6  (occasionally  7)  pairs;  betweeu  dorsals  5  (occasion- 
ally 0);  between  ventrals  and  anal  12  or  13  pairs;  teeth  numerous  on  jaws,  vomer,  and 
palatines.  One  small  barbel  at  ti]>  of  maxillary;  gill  membranes  broadly  Joined  to 
isthmus,  without  free  fold.  Median  rostral  plate  with  a  single  upright  si>ino;  nasal 
spines  separated ;  supraocular  spines  small,  sharp ;  2  pairs  of  occipital  in  tho  form  of  low, 
bluut  tulMrclea,    Color  olivaceouB,  with  G  or  7  darker  cross  bars. 


f-: 


2080 


BuUctin  ./7,   United  Stafcs  National  Museum. 


form  of  Hinnll  HpiiieH,  slifjhtly  overliiinjjiiiK  i)i'eniiixinarii>s.  Jaws  ei|ii,'il. 
iiiaxillary  rfurhin^  flout  oforliif.  DorsalH  well  sttpar.itt'U;  aiial  li«*giiiiij|,  , 
al)<>iit  1  pair  of  plates  boliiiMl  front  of  nocoikI  tlorHal;  pt-ctoralH  r>j^  to  54  i  , 
lflii){t1i  of  IumI.v,  tlio  base  about  3  in  th<'ir  luii^tli,  with  14  rays,  of  wJij,  i, 
the  lower  r>  to  7  ari>  t'xsui'toti,  thf  <lu|tth  of  (h«)  iiotrlies  in  tlio  nii-nilii;ii.< 
variabl«<,  tbo2or  W  nppornumt  of  tliemi  rxMcrtfti  rays  nearly  as  lon^  (som,  . 
tini(>H  as  long)  as  tli«t  longest  npper  niyH;  Yt<ntral  tins  of  fenialo  almn! 
twice  tlie  interorbital  spate,  abont  \  of  tlie  ventrals  of  iiiale;  width  n| 
eandal  at  bane  W  in  tlu'  length.  Lateral  line  ;^<>.  (!olor  oIiva«-eouH,  with  7 
or  8  darker  cross  bars — 1  in  front  of  (irst  dorsal,  1  nnder  and  extondinr 
into  niidtlle  of  first  dorsal,  1  nnder  front,  and  1  under  liiutl  end  of  secitml 
dorsal,  and  \\  or  I  on  caudal  peduncle;  a  large  blnish-ltlack  blotcli  mi 
preoperde  aiuloperele;  lirst  dorsal  dark,  the  distal  \  white;  HDconddors.il 
with  2  minute  indefinite!  cross  bars  of  daiker;  caudal  dark  at  base,  w 
broad  dark  baiul  near  its  distal  end,  and  tiio  tip  broadly  white-ed^;. d ; 
pectorals  light,  indistinctly  cross-barred  by  series  of  dark  streaks  on  tlui 
rays;  ventrals  ])al!^  in  both  sexes.  Length  about  H  inches.  Coast «»f('iili 
fornia,  from  I'nget  Sound  to  Santa  Barbara;  rather  coinnum  in  11  to  Th 
fathoms.  Here  described  fron»  specimens  taken  oft'  Point  Keyes,  wheri  il 
is  abundant.  One  s]>ecin)en  recorded  by  Lo<-kingtou  (loe.  eit.)  as  havitij; 
come  from  Alaska.     (/rc«,  throe;  8j>ino8ff8,  Hpiut«d.) 

Odon(op!/xis  tritpinoui,  Lockinoton,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  ii,  1870,  328,  San  Francisco, 
California  (Ccill.  W.  N.  I.ockington) ;  Jokdan  <fc  Uilhekt,  .Synopsis,  729, 1883;  Jobuan, 
Cat.  Fishes  K.  A.,  114, 1885. 


776.  BOTHRAGONUS,  Gill. 


r 


BothragonuH,  GiLi.  MS.,  in  Jordan  &  Uilheht,  SynopsiH,  728, 1883  {nwanii). 

Head,  and  front  of  back  rhombic  as  setm  from  abov«i;  body  .ironj;ly 
compressed  behind;  length  of  head  3,  width  of  head  2J,  depth  r,f  body 
about  4*  in  standard  length.  A  deep  pit  iit  nape,  several  processes 
<'xtending  int<»  it  from  its  posterior  edge.  Mouth  subinferior;  j»(»steiior 
edge  of  opcrcle  serrated.  Both  dorsals  and  anal  weak,  with  short  rays; 
anal  under  second  dorsal ;  first  dorsal  3 ;  second  dorsal  5;  anal  8;  lu)  spines 
anywhere.  Teeth  «Mi  jaws  and  vomer  (state  of  palatines  not  mentioned). 
Gill  membranes  broadly  united  to  isthmus.     {/J60fjo<;,  a  pit;  Agonm.) 

2428.  IIOTHBAGOXUS  SWAXII  (Stehidacbner). 

B.5;  D.III,5;  A.  5;  P.  12;  V.  3  (1,2);  lateral  line  32.  Head  wideuinj; 
rapidly  backward  from  the  blunt  snout,  with  4  broad,  low  (occipital  ami 
temporal)  ridges,  between  which  the  surfact's  are  c(mcavo.  Body  narrow- 
ing rapidly  from  head  to  beginning  of  first  dorsal,  from  there  to  caudal 
strongly  compressed,  A  deep  transverse  oval  pit  on  mid-dorsal  surface 
between  occiput  and  nape;  3  delicate  larger  and  several  smalhu-  proc- 
€!S8e8  extending  into  it  from  its  posterior  edge  to  about  its  n»iddl<'. 
Length  of  head  3,  its  greatest  breadth  (over  opercles)  about  2J;  depth  of 
body  under  first  dorsal  about  i'i;,  from  the  occipital  pit  to  bi;se  of  ventrals 


Jordan  and  I\vcrt)iann . — Fishes  of  North  Atncrica.      2087 


?)|l  to  54  ill 
,  nf  wliii  li 
iii<'nil)r:iiii' 
itii^  (sonit  - 

llllo    illiuiil 

;  widtli  "t 

)UH,  Willi  7 

exteiHliii'^r 

I  of  wcitml 

1)1ot«'ll     nil 

comldui'Mil 
at  biiHt ,  a 
liitt'-fdniil ; 
I'jvks  on  tiio 
tiiHtofCiiii- 
in  11  to  TiT 
OS,  whiTf  it 
,)  as  liuviiii; 

an  Francisco. 
1883;  JoKlJAN, 


|«ly  :,iroii<il,v 
th  «'f   body 

111    procrsscs 

;  postiMior 

short  lays; 

;  no  spines 

nentioiuMl). 

.gonus.) 


Id  widcuiiij; 
[cipital  anil 
|dy  narrow  - 
le  to  candid 
Isal  siirfaci- 
lallor  proc- 
Its  middle. 
r;  depth  of 
lof  veutrals 


a  lttth>  mure  than  :<  in  Irnffth  of  body.  Intfrorbital  Hpaer  slii^btly  int)ro 
than  ^  of  li*<ad  ;  snont  t ;  widlli  of  month  abont  \\\,  orbit  about  r>jj  in  liead. 
Snont  runudo<l  untoriorly,  longitiidiiiully  anhrd,  risinji;  kn«di-like  boforu 
the  Hat  foruhead,  un«l  rxteiidin);  u  little  beyond  month,  the  lutt<>r  broatler 
at  its  an^rles  than  lon^,  these  a  tittle  in  front  of  middle  of  eye.  Teeth  on 
Jaws  and  vouutr  in  several  series,  very  snnill,  eonieal,  binnt  at  tips; 
|dat«>H  un  eheeks  raised  into  tnbereh-s;  posteriorly  the  transversely  tiat- 
teued  forehead  i8He|>arated  by  a  slightly  enrved,  very  low  rid^;e  from  the 
oceipital  region;  plates  snrronndin^  the  oceipital  pit  in  {tart  lar^e  and 
lioly^onal;  last  plate  of  head,  above  posterior  end  of  opercle,  extending 
outward  as  a  broad,  l«)w  pyramid;  small  bony  jdates  embedded  in  skin 
on  undefHide  of  head;  i)reoper<-le  apineless;  edge  «>f  opurclo  scalloped  and 
Herrat«>d.  First  dorsal  beginning  abont  ndddle  of  body;  space  between 
dorsals  eqnaling  distance  from  c(;nter  of  eye  to  tip  of  snont;  spines  of  first 
dorsal  but  little  sliortt  r  than  rays  of  second  tlorsal ;  uoth  dorsals  and  anal 
rounded;  caudal  about  2  in  head,  slightly  nninded;  base  of  large  ]>cctt*- 
ral  reaching  to  ventral  surface,  its  longest  ray  li{  in  head;  ventralssome 
distance  behind  pectorals,  abtuit  2  in  the  latter;  distance  between  base 
of  veutrals  and  front  of  amil  a  little  more  than  the  head;  anal  pit  some 
distance  behind  base  of  veutrals.  Plates  of  lateral  line  tiat,  those  of 
remaining  series  considerably  larger  anil  elevated  at  their  centers,  forndug 
4  series  of  blunt  processes  or  ridges;  14  pairs  of  plates  between  ventrals 
and  anal,  5  between  hinder  edge  of  o<-cipital  pit  and  lirst  dorsal  (0  from 
occiput  to  lirst  dorsal);  7  between  second  dorsal  u...l  caudal;  ventral 
surface  narrowing  rapidly  from  head  to  anal  and  anteriorly  convex,  pos- 
teriorly Hat.  A  blackish-gray  cross  banii  surrounds  the  head,  wreath-like, 
its  outlines  indetinite  in  pluses,  passing  transversely  across  forehead 
and  from  lower  edge  of  orbit  completely  around  edge  of  mouth;  band 
under  first  dorsal  passing  obliijuely  forward  to  near  insertion  of  veutrals; 
the  next  baud  falling  between  the  tlorsals,  and  the  third  under  second 
dorsal;  both  are  vertical;  pectorals  with  a  narrow  dark  cross  bar  at  base 
and  a  much  broader  nuirbled  one  occupying  nearly  the  whole  distal  half 
of  tin ;  veutrals  with  :(  or  4  bands  of  dark  spots ;  on  both  dorsals  and  anul 
oblique  cross  bars  of  dark  spots;  caudal  with  numcr«)us  cross  bars  of  dark 
spots,  which  increase  in  intensity  of  color  distally  and  How  together  and 
leave  isolated  spots  of  lighter;  ground  ccdorof  body  light  yellowish  with 
a  tinge  of  brownish.  Length  of  the  single  specimen  1  inch  11  lines; 
found  dead  on  the  beach  after  a  storm.  (After  Steiudachncr.)  The  fol- 
lowing points  may  be  added  from  the  4  excellent  figures:  The  ventro- 
lateral series  lie  entirely  on  ventral  surface  of  body  anteriorly  and  meet 
in  front  of  vent;  2  pairs  of  plates  between  ventrals  and  vent;  a  single 
plate  between  bases  of  ventrals,  4  plates  in  pairs  in  front  of  them  on 
bi  east,  and  these  preceded  by  2  single  plates ;  10  or  12  rather  small  plates 
in  about  3  rows  in  front  of  base  of  pectorals;  several  plates  on  lower 
part  of  cheek  and  a  longitudinal  series  of  them  behind  orbit,  above 
suborbital  and  preopercle.  Puget  Sound;  known  from  single  speci- 
lyen.  This  species  has  been  erroneously  referred  to  the  genus  Hypnago- 
nua,  because  of  its  short  compressed  body  and  peculiar  form  of  head. 


2088         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1 


A  very  careful  conipariiioti  of  the  doacriptioii  ttnd  the  excnllnnt  fl^nrrM 
witli  OdoulopifxiH  ttiapinotuH,  Lovkiut;toii,  with  which  HteiiidiuthiitM-  wii-< 
|ir«>hably  nut  ncqiiuiiitoil,  iiiakeH  it  evident  tliat  iu  apite  of  itH  iiboirikni, 
fonii,  thu  Hypaagonua  awanii  is  more  chmely  related  to  it  tliiin  to  any 
other  known  HpucieH.  There  Ih  in  reality  no  point  of  refieniblan<M)  to 
//.  iiiiadrit'ornia  except  the  HhortneHH  of  th<f  body  and  the  couipruHH*-il 
ronditiun  of  itH  poHt4)rior  part.  In  all  of  the  following  pointH,  Noniu  oi 
which  Hteindachner  mentioned  as  ditVorenceH  Ixitwmtn  hiH  HpuciuH  iind  //. 
qHadrivoinia,  li.  awanii  agrees  with  <>.  triapinoHua :  lioth  dornalH  and  anal 
small;  the  dlHtance  of  the  tirHt  dorsal  from  niipoand  the  diHtanc«)  b«ttwucii 
dorsals  (ninasured  by  the  number  of  plates);  the  deep  pit  at  nape;  ]M)Hi 
tlon  of  vent,  with  1  or  2  pah'H  of  plates  between  it  and  the  Ihiho  of  the 
ventrals;  2  or  3  series  of  small  plates  betiveen  base  of  pectoral  and  ^ill 
opening;  small  jilatus  on  gill  membranes  and  lower  Jaw;  the  longitudinal 
stories  of  snuill  plates  behind  orbit;  the  coloration,  etc.  The  only  known 
specimen  was  less  than  2  inches  (50  mm.)  long  and  wa«  doubtless  a  young 
one.  The  most  marked  characters  which  distinguish  H.  awanii  from 
Odoniopyria  are  the  shortness  of  the  body,  the  wideness  of  the  body  in 
front,  and  the  ccunpressiuu  of  the  tail ;  all  are  characters  which  dlstinguiHh 
the  young  from  the  adult  in  all  species  of  the  family  in  which  the  young 
have  been  seen  and  described,  except  that  here  these  characters  seem 
exaggerate^!.  (Nauted  for  James  G.  Swan,  of  l*ort  Townseud,  Washing- 
ton, a  veteran  observer  and  collector.) 

llypiagwiua  twanii,  Stkindacrner,  lolith.  BoitrllRO,  v,  144,  pi.  4,  Bitzb.  der  Akad.  Wiaa., 
LXXiv,  July,  1876,  Port  Townsend.    (Coll.  James  O.  Swan.    Typeiu  Coll.  Mno.  Vienna.) 

Bothragonu» iwanii,GiUj,ia  JoBDAN  dt  GiLBBBT, Synopsis, 728, 1893 ;  JoBDAN, Cat. FislieH 
N.  A.,  114, 1885. 

777.  ASPIDOPHOROIDES,  Lacdpede. 

Ai])idophoroidei,  Laci:;pkde,  Uist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  ui,  228, 1802  {tranijuebar=monopteryguu). 
Canthirhyneui,  Swainbon,  Niit.  Ilist.  Fishes,  etc.,  ii,  272, 1839  {monopterygiua). 
AnoplagonuK,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sri.  Phila.,  xni,  1861, 259  (inerww). 
Uleina,  Cuameb,  in  Jouhan  &-  Evbrmann,  Clieck-List  Fishes,  440, 1800  (olriki). 

Body  and  hea<l  mere  or  less  slender;  head  4  to  6,  width  .5  to  8  in  length 
of  body ;  8  longitud.>.al  rows  of  plates,  the  lateral  line  in  the  upper  lateral 
row ;  about  40  plates  iu  the  dorsal  series.  Terminal  rostral  plate  i)reHent, 
unarmed;  mouth  terminal;  teetli  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Supra- 
ocular and  ocoii)ital  spines  absent;  plates  of  body  more  or  less  keeled, 
witlumt  Hpines.  First  dorsal  absent ;  second  dorsal  and  anal  small,  oppo- 
site each  other,  each  with  4  to  7  rays.  Gill  membranes  united,  narrowly 
joined  to  isthmus  anteriorly,  free  behind.  (ddTti?,  shield;  </tope'oo,  to  bear; 
ei'Soi,  form.) 

Uu'iNA  {ulke,  a  soulpin,  in  Danish) : 
a.  hoAy  rather  robust,  the  depth  about  5  in  length,  the  head  4  in  length;  plates  in  lat- 
eral lino  usually  less  than  40. 
b.  Lateral  line  with  40  plates ;  nasal  spines  well  developed.  ulkiki,  2429. 

bb.  Lateral  line  with  36  to  38  plates ;  nasal  spines  very  small  or  obsolete.  . 

UUNTHEKl,  2430. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      11081) 

CM,  Iiu<ly  viiry  nli'iDlcr,  llio  ili<|il|i  about  8  in  litiiKth,  tliti  hniiil  5  to«>;  pliilfn  In  liituritl  IliiA 
more  tliuii  40. 

c.  NiiMal  NiiliifH  iirvNciit ;  III)  inttiUun  iloraiil  row  of  itlalei  IikIi'ikI  o<ripiit. 

AmI'IUdI'IKIIKUDKH: 

it.  Alioiit  48  (or  ('('w*-r)  |)latfii  In  tlorNul  hitU'ii  ;  trhi|ioriil  riil^K  enilliiK  ])oii> 
t«<i'i*>rl,v  in  It  HiiKht  t'leviitlun.    Atlantic,  uoatt. 

MoNOPTKRVniUfl,  241(1. 
dd.  4U  or  .'iU  pairs  of  platOM  In  <lor«al  hitIoh  ;  trmporiil  rlilgi<  nut  cniliiiit  poit- 
txrioiiy  In  a  *\\%\\\.  liiltfx.     I'm  illc  loaNt.  nAUTONi,'.>43a. 

ANortJldONIH  (iit'oirAiit,  uiiartnoil;  ,t,'/'iin/«) : 

CO.  NiMkl  HpiiifM  aliHint ;  a  mvdinu  <lurMul  row  of  iniall  plates  from tpiit  lialf- 

way  to  dorsal.  imciimih,  24:i3. 


Subgenua  ULCINA,  <'ranior. 

Sl'20.  ANriDOPIIOKOIDKM  OLRIKI,  LiUkon. 

D.6or7;  A.  6or7;  lM3oill;  V.3(I.  2);  C.  10  (Liltkoii).  r<>rni  Hhort 
und  thick  coiiipurod  with.i.»lo>lO/)^')'l/«/iH«,«Iep^e8H«;(l  antttriorly,  poHtrriurly 
iitiiTuwor  aud  Hotiiewhat  au^ular.  Nii]>o  mid  foro  piirt  of  biiok  t-nnciivo; 
forukoad  strongly  arrhotl  antoro-poHtcriorly.  Intororbitiil  Hpnce  concavo, 
Huprnoi'bitul  rid^oH  bi)j;h.  Ventral  buiI'iku  ilnt.  OroatcNt  breadth,  ovt>r 
operdeH,  ^  of  length  of  liead,  the  latter  41  io  \\,  iu  total  length,  itn  greateNt 
height,  at  Hhoulder,  jj  of  length  of  head.  One  pair  of  nasal  Hpint>H;  aHinglo 
barbel  at  angh*  of  month  (at  tip  of  maxillary,  as  in  other  .iKpidophoroidrg,) 
overlooked  iu  the  original  description.  Pectorals  large,  about  nn  long  an 
head;  other  tins  small;  all  rays  simple;  anal  under  dorsal,  abont  midway 
between  head  and  caudal ;  ventrals  inserted  alittlo  behind  base  of  pectorals. 
EyeH  large,  their  diameter  ^  or  a  little  less  in  length  of  head,  longer  tlian 
Huout.  Mouth  small,  its  angle  in  lino  with  anterior  edge  of  orbit.  Vent 
large,  lying  with  its  Hurrouuding  naked  area  about  2  pairs  of  plates  dis- 
tant from  haHo  of  ventrals.  Gill  membranes  united.  Eight  longitudinal 
rows  of  plates  on  body,  0  on  tail.  In  dorsal  series  36  to  38,  tht^  posterior 
12  or  13  on  tail,  median  unpaired ;  iu  front  of  dorsal,  14  to  10  ])airs.  Supe- 
rior lateral  (lateral  line)  Hcries  36  to  38;  inferior  lateral  series  S't  to  37;  on 
breast  12  to  14,  paired  and  unpaired.  Two  un]iair(>d  plates  between  vent 
and  ventrals  (froni  ventrals  to  anal  about  12  pairs).  Teeth  on  Jaws, 
vomer,  and  i)alatines.  Fin  rtiys,  dorsal  6,  anal  (>,  in  3  individuals,  r>  in 
each  fiu  in  the  fourth  individual  (6  or  7  in  each  fin  in  the  Greenland  speci- 
mens); pectorals  13  to  15  (in  2  specimens,  14  in  1  fin  and  15  in  the  other); 
ventrals  3  (I,  2) ;  caudal  10  or  11,  the  eleventh  very  short.  Color  more  uni- 
form dark  gray  on  back  than  those  previously  described  (a  few  very 
indelinito  dark  cross  bands);  a  largo  dark  patch  on  preopercle  and  oper- 
clo  seems  to  bo  quite  constant ;  the  dark  spots  on  pectorals  and  caudal 
form  cross  bands  when  the  fins  are  folded;  tips  of  dorsal,  anal,  and  ven- 
tral fins  in  general  white,  1)ut  the  white  patch  is  wanting  in  1  specimen, 
which  is  paler  than  the  others,  has  a  smaller  head  and  shorter  ventrals. 
This  is  undoubtedly  a  female ;  the  others  males.  Holm's  notes  on  the  color 
of  the  newly  caught  specimens  say,  "Sides  of  back  greenish,  with  brown 
markings,  otherwise  whitish."  Arctic  Ocean;  known  from  west  coast  of 
Greenland,  Davis  Strait,  at  32  fathoms;  our  specimens  from  Godhavn,  Kara 
3030 54 


■  W    II  If  ■IIMUil 


2000         nuUithi  /7,  United  States  National  .1//,  rum. 


W^ 

■  I'i^^ 

fi 

W' 

1 ' 

»•.- 

%' 

i '. 

i 

\  < 

' 

; 

^ 

jr' 

ii' 

h 

RoR,  nt  BR  futhomH ;  IlnrciitH  Bny.  Novo  Zcnibla.  (Rn.)  The  Dntcli  nxpmll- 
tloii  took  ITt  HpuciiiitMiH  of  tliiH  t'oriii  in  IturoiitM  Itity  iiml  |iroliiih|y  coiifuNftl 
it  with  A,  mouoi>lri!itjini>.  Tlutir  lrii){tli  wiih  10  to  75  iiiiii.  liOU^r,  on  tho 
Fjflla  ox|i<)<liMon,  llolni  took  t)  H|Mu-inionN  in  DuvIh  Htriiit  on  tlio  wliitt-tlih 
biiiikR  noi'tli  of  llolHtenliort;  lit  ii(lu])tli  ot':<2  fiitlioniH.  Tlirir  Im^tli  viirioil 
ftttui  iL'  to  Nt  nun.  Tho  <liirk  rolttr  hanilH  In  tlnmo  iint  nioro  or  Ionh  diNtiiirt, 
at  loiiNt  unions  Mio  Nniuilor  NpoclnittiiH.  Tlio  ventraiii  varitMl  n  little  in 
Irn^tli,  tliiiHo  with  tlio  Hliort  v«'ntralH  ni)])ar(Mitly  in  n  <lrrl<lo<l  minority. 
The  Hoiull  hitrliuls  wure  pirmuit  in  ull  of  them.  KayH  of  ilorNul  an<l  aniil 
tlnii:  !>.(!;  A.(l(<<  HpocimonH);  IJ.U;  A.  7  (1  spt'oimeu);  l>.r>;  A.(i(lexuni 
])l«);  •••  <';  A.  n  (1  cxamphO;  1).  7;  A.  fl  (U  rxamplcN).  That  the  wliito 
patch  on  th<^  tloiHal  (ami  anal  nml  ventral)  in  invariably  prt^noiit  on  tin- 
imIivitliialH  with  lonKur  vcntralH  Ih  nndonialth-.  The  iiHHnmption  tliiit 
it  Ih  a  Huxnal  diHtint^tion  of  th<t  male  tlniH  giiinH  proliability ;  this  wiih 
(lcmonHtriit«Ml  in  the  HpecimenH  that  wore  upumul.  Total  length  ((3  to  (tU 
mm.  (I  inilividnalH).     (FJItkun.) 

A$iiiditith»roidtK  iilriki,  LI^TKRN,  Korolob.  Meililol.oni  Nonl.  inkrnnko;  VidAPHk.  Motldel. 
NutiirliiMt.  Koroii.  K.|)il>.  IIHO  (<vith  :i  ll);iir(m),  I87U,  Oreenlandi  JoiihAN,  <'ut.  KitthuM  N. 
A.,  Ii:i,  1HH5;  L(}TKBN,*  Kiira-IlavotH  Kitthe,  0,  pi.  15,  1I((h.  l-ll,  IHUO;  hiiucIiuuuh  I'riiiii 
Kara  Hen. 

Ii4!t0.  ANPIDOPHOItOIDKM  (IITNTIIKRI,  llxiin. 

1).  7;  A.  7;  V.  I,  2;  C.  10;  P.  12.  HodyHhort,  anteriorly  very  wide,  some- 
what dopruHHod.  Height  of  body  6,  and  its  wiilth  5  in  itH  length;  head 
Iji,  its  dK)ith  not  more  than  ^  of  itu  width,  the  latter  nearly  5  in  length  of 
body;  triatignlar,  very  short,  wide  posteriorly.  A  small  barbel  at  tip  of 
each  maxillary;  teeth  in  jawH,  vomer,  and  palatines;  na^al  spines  almost 
invisible.  Along  sidos  of  head  interiorly  4  large  inncons  pores  in  oblong 
depressiouH,  the  largest  of  which  is  nearly  as  long  as  snout.  Ey«)  H  in 
hfid,  conaidorubly  more  than  width  of  interorbital  Hpiice.  Maxillary 
not  reaehing  beyond  anterior  border  of  orbit;  mandible  barely  included; 
snout  i'<|ualiug  interorbital  space,  the  latter  deeply  concave.  Greatest 
width  of  head  nearly  5  in  length  of  body,  and  2  from  beginning  of  <lorsal 
to  Imso  of  caudal.  Oill  membranes  narrowly  attached  to  isthniUH  ante- 
riorly, free  posteriorly;  gill  opening  wide.  A  deep  groove  along  anterior 
third  of  back.     Pectorals  2^  times  as  bmg  as  ventrals  and  4  in  length  of 


*  Tho  foUowinR  is  tho  snhstftnco  of  Dr.  Liitkon's  original  account  from  apociinenfi  from 
Greeiilaiiil :  Hixly  sliort,  tliick,  total  len^itli  72  to  7!)  mm. :  head  4^  in  total  lenfith  (incliid- 
inu  caiidiil  tin) ;  widtli  of  body  (iit  I)i>.h«  of  ]M'ctonilH)  a  little  nioro  tlian  5  in  total  loiijrtli ; 
an^loH  of  Itody  not  dintinrtly  ncrraU'd:  interorliital  spaco  and  Imck  concave;  nawal  HpnicH 
2;  dianictor  of  orbit  3  in  head,  nearly  twice  thn  widtli  of  int<>rorbitiil  apace  or  length  of 
snout;  ]ilatcH  in  dorsal  HerieH  35  to  37;  in  front  of  doraal  tin  14  to  17;  superior  lateral  aorieM 
39;  inferior  lateral  37;  ventrolateral  36;  in  front  of  anal  12  or  13.  Firat  doraal  (in  abaent; 
teetli  present  on  vomer  and  palatines ;  only  8  longitudinal  series  of  plates,  the  lateral  line 
on  tiie  au]ierior  lateral  aeries;  the  ventrolateral  iieriea  not  forming  thi.  inferior  anglea  of 
the  body,  but  confined  to  the  ventral  aurface  and  meeting  in  a  single  plate  between  ven- 
trals and  vent. 

The  abovediagnosia,  made  in  1875  from  the  Greenland  specimens  taken  from  the  stomachs 
of  tlounders,  was  not  accompanied  by  a  detailed  description.  The  description  waa  made 
ten  years  later  from  specimens  takeii  in  tlie  Kara  Sea.  Tho  flgiirea  of  the  individuals 
from  Kara  Sea  differ  from  i)io  figures  of  siiecimena  from  Greenland  in  aeveral  reapecta. 
On  the  former  the  anterior  ])art  of  the  back  Juat  behind  the  najie  la  juoro  elevated ;  the 
rostral  spines  are  directed  much  more  backward  and  seem  much  leas  prominent ;  and  there 
is  1  less  median  ]date  on  breast  (tliis  last  difference  an  individual  one  in  other  species). 
The  gill  membranes  are  probably  free,  at  least  behind. 


*. 


hitt'll  oxpo«li 
ihly  luiifuHfti 
LuUt,  on  till* 
tlio  uliilftUh 
li'ii);th  viirioil 
l«mH  iliHtiiM  t, 
i<l  H  little  ill 
lull  iiiiiioi'ity. 
Nul  mill  iiiiiil 
A.  <S  ( 1  oxani 
lilt  till"  wliito 
THciit  on  the 
iniption  tliiit 
ty;  this  wum 
ugtli  03  tu  (it) 

iilenHk.  Moildel. 
,  I'ut.  KImIiom  N  . 
Mimcimuua  from 


y  wide,  ■oiiif- 

Irn^tli;  Ill-ad 

>  in  lon^th  of 

rbul  at  tip  of 

ipiiU'H  aliiioHt 

ruH  ill  oblong 

t.    Eyii  H  in 

I.     Maxillary 

sly  includcMl; 

OreateMt 

ng  nf  (lorHul 

thniUH  anto- 

ong  anterior 

u  length  of 


>ociinen8  frnin 

eii^lh  (iiicliiil- 

total  luiiirth: 

imHIll  H|)illCH 

'e  or  It'iigtli  of 
ir  lateral  Hcrics 
rHal  tin  al)H«nt: 
tlio  lateral  lino 
erior  nngleH  ol' 
between  ven- 

itliOHtoniacliH 
ion  was  niailo 
10  iudividiialH 
eral  respects, 
elevateii ;  the 
ant;  aiul there 
)thor  speuies). 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2001 


liotly;  vi'iitralH  um  lung  an  head  without  pimtorliital  part;  vent  marir 
lipMthuii  liitHeH  III'  vi-iitraU;  iMgiiinlng  of  ilorMal  nearly  midway  ol  total 
li'iigth;  anal  iiiidiT  iIoihuI  Imt  a  littlo  Nhnrti-r;  length  of  raiidal  \t\  or  <( 
ill  Iftiglh  of  hotly;  Heronil  doi-Hiil  ray  longeHt,  e<|iiul  to  pu»torliital  part 
of  head;  longi-Ht  anal  ra>  Ihhh  than  1  of  head.  Lateral  line  10.  I'latiH  on 
hn-a^t  :>lioiit  II.  Color  diiMky  iiliove,  whitiHli  lielow;  a  ilarU  Htripe  on 
Hiioiit,  continiird  on  oprnde;  a  few  iiidiHtinil  dark  hlotuheH  ;iii  Hidr  of 
head;  oxillary  re;;ion  diiHky;  pectoral  with  It  or  t  iniperfeit  itohh  ItaiH; 
body  with  3  indiHtiint  diiHky  (Tohh  barn,  the  niiddlo  one  extruding  oil 
middle  of  dorsal  lin;  tail  with  1' dusky  baiH,  I  anteriorly,  the  other  ternii- 
Mill,  with  a  dirty  yelluwiNli  area  between  thein:  ventralH  and  anal  pale, 
rrobably  u  yoniig  individual.  LoiigeHt  known  individual,  wliieh  Herved 
as  the  type,  waHTOinin.  (about  LM  iiieheH).  (Kean.)  CoiiNtH  of  .i  .Hheru 
AhiHka.  (Named  fur  Dr.  Albert  Gilnther,  keeper  of  the  Kriti  di  iIiim(  ,  !u  of 
Natiiral  History.) 

.i»l>iili)phonnili»  i/iintheii,'-   IIkan,  I'roe.  F.  H.  Nat.  Miih.  IKHR,  Ti,  northern  Alaska  Crjim, 
No.  IITOUZ.    Cull.  Lieut.  Q.  M.  Htoiiey)i  Jukda.n.  Cut.  FImIii'M  N.  A.,  li:),  18H5. 

um.  AMPIDOrilOUOIIIKH  MO.\OI'TKIlYUIlSt  (llloob) 

(SBA  roAC'UKU.) 

Hr.  «;  l).r>  or  (J;  A.  5  or  6;  r.!»;  V.:J(I,  2);  C,  10  or  11;  Pyloric  m-ca 
I  or  T)  (2  individiials).  Wiiltli  of  body  at  bane  of  peetoralH  K  in  length; 
dorinal  faee  ooneuve  from  occiput  to  dorsal;  ventrolateral  ridgiH  fairly 
prominent,  but  thcHe  Heries  lie  entirely  on  ventral  Hide  of  body  anteriorly 
and  converge  to  a  Hingle  plate  between  ventralu  and  vent.  The  ridge 
of  the  inferior  lateral  HericH,  iiiHtead  of  diHappeariug  anteriorly,  is  lower 
down  than  usual,  boeomcH  prominent  anteriorly  and  riiiiH  to  lower  end 
of  base  uf  pectorals,  tbiiH  forming  the  inferior  angle  of  body,  which  Ih 
markedly  l-hedral  in  front.  IMatea  in  iIoihuI  HerieH  tU  to  48;  between 
ventralH  and  anal  10  or  17  pairH;  between  last  ray  of  dorsal  and  llrrit  me- 
dian plate  1  to  3  pairs;  2  or  3  pairs  between  last  anal  ray  and  lirnt  median 
plate.  A  Hiiiall  plate  between  ventralu,  a  larger  one  between  ventralH  and 
vent;  u  variable  nnmber  (3  to  8)  of  small  plates  behind  and  bcHide  vent; 
platcH  of  breant  radially  striate,  the  two  median  ones  larger  than  the  rest; 
a  few  small  phiten  on  hinder  median  part  of  gill  membranes,  and  on  narrow 
under  side  of  mandible;  2  large  phites  with  raised  centers  iu  front  of  and 


*  This  H])(«ie8  agrees  witli  tho  nieasiiroineiits  of  A.  olrikl,  LUtkeii,  uiid  with  tho  rolorii- 
tioiuiHlarusit  isposHililetoJiKlue;  itilillerHt'roiii  J.«{riA'ii)iil,v!iitliesero('or(lo<li^liariicti'rH: 
'I'iie  iiiisal  H|>iiieM  are  very  hiiiuII,  tlie  loii<;eHt  iiiiiil  ray  is  Hliorter  tiitin  in  the  tieiireH  of 
lal  .   ■• . 


A.  olriH,  au'l  tin*  pei^toral  rays  iiiiiiilier  12,  while  they  raiiKO  from  i:}  to  l">  in  A.  olriki 
Milt  in  none  of  these  resiiects  iloes  It  ilill'er  more  from  Liitken's  (lescriiitioiiH  and  figures  ol 
.t .  olriki  from  Ureenlaiul  and  from  Kara  Sea,  in  some  resiiects  a)>pareutly  less,  than  theno 


tlitfer  from  each  other.  Kacli  of  the  loealities  is  ulioiit  ^  of  tlm  earth's  circumference  from 
tlie  other,  and  .1.  guntlieri  may  bo  only  a  variety  of  olnki,  wliieli  would  then  be  a  circiini- 
polar  species;  if  this  view  should  ultimately  iirove  untenable,  Liitken's  Kara  Sea  speci- 
mens will  have  nearly  as  t;(iod  a  claim  tospecitic  distinction  as  the  type  of  ^.f/ifti/Am  has. 
t  Diagnoiis:  Hody'verv  slender,  depressed  in  front,  nearly  4-hedral  anteriorly;  dei»tli  J 
of  width,  the  hitter  8  in  length;  caudal  peduncle  very  lont;,'0-liedral  siibterete;  liendlon);, 


ta)>ei'iiii;  forward,  5»  tofliu  length  of  body;  plates  in  dorsal  series  about  48:  liclweeii  occi- 
nut  and  dorsal  fin  1))  to  21 ;  from  vciitriils  to  anal  16  or  17  iiairs;  tirst  dorsal  absent;  bar- 
bels none;  gill  memlirar.es  free;  median  rostiul  plate  siiiall,  unarmed.    Nasal  spines  very 


strong,  diverging;  no  ttber  spi-nea  uu  head  or  body.    Color,  bruwuisb,  olisciiroly  banded 
with  dork. 


r'J  < 


2092         Diilktin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 

4  to  8  Biiiall  HpinelcHH  plates  in  1  or  2  serieH  on  base  of  ptM-toral.  Head  lonjf , 
tapering,  5^  to  G  in  length  of  body;  orbits  very  large,  nearly  ••ircnlar,  tho 
longitudinal  diameter  longer  than  snout,  3Hn  bead;  interorbital  spatr 
•wide,  less  than  orbit,  deeply  concave;  supraocular  ridges  high,  bulging: 
occipital  ridges  evident;  temporal  ridges  low,  terminating  in  an  upwardly 
directed  blunt  eli'vation;  suborbital  ridge  close  under  orbit,  low,  sjjine- 
loHs,  2  or  3  plates  below  it  on  the  nearly  vert.eal  cheek;  median  roHtnil 
plate  small,  immovable  or  slightly  movable,  spineless,  ovt-rhanging  pre- 
maxillary ;  mouth  small,  terminal,  lower  Jaw  a  little  included;  uuixillary 
reaching  front  of  orbit,  almost  entirely  covered  by  preoibital.  Dorsal  and 
anal  flu  small,  the  latter  under  the  former;  caudal  3  times  as  long  as  wide 
at  base;  pectorals  6  or  less  in  body,  their  base  about  5  in  their  lengtli; 
ventrals  of  fenuile  \  those  of  male,  the  latter  i  of  pectorals.  Lateral  line 
50.  Color  brownish,  pale  below,  with  indefinite  cross  bands  ^)f  darker,  2 
in  frcmt  of,  and  1  nnder  dorsal,  and  2  or  3  on  caudal  peduncle;  rays  ol 
dorsal  and  upper  rays  of  pectoral  brownish,  interrui)ted  by  lighter,  givinj; 
an  indefinite  cross-banded  appearance;  caudal  dark,  ventrals  in  botli 
sexe'i  and  anal  pale.  Total  length  6  inches.  Greenland  to  Cape  Coil: 
common  in  rather  deep  water.  This  description  based  on  specimens  from 
Massachusetts  Bay.     {/lovoc,  single,  nrf.fivyiov,  fin.) 

CottuH  mono2>terygius,  Bloch,  Ichtliyologia,  n,  156,  pi.  178,  figs.  1,  2, 1786,  Tranquebar;  an 

error. 
Cotttit  indicii*,  Bonnatebkk,  Tableau  Encycl.  Moth.,  68,  pl.87,  flj;.  367,  1788,  India;  after 

1?i,0(:h. 
Aspidophoroide*  tranquebar,  LACfirfcDE,  Hist.  Nat. Poiss.,  ni,  228, 1802  Tranquebar;  after 

Bloch. 
Aspidophoroideg  grwnlandieus,  Valenciennes,  in  Cuvieu,  l{6gne  Auim.,  Ed.  ii.  Vol.  2,  \\\. 

21,  fig.  3, 1829,  Greenland. 
Aspidophoroidvs  mono})tcrygiu»,  CuviEU  &■   Vai.enciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vi,  654, 

pi.  109, 18;J0;  Stoueu,  Fishes  of  Mass.,  22,  pi.  1,   fig.  1,   1807;  I)e  Kay,  New  Yorlt 

Fauna:  FisheH,62,  pl.;i,flg.5, 1842;  Gt^NTiiEK,  Cat.,  n,  216,  1800;  Jordan  &  Gilbekt, 

Synopsis,  724, 188:». 
Canthirhyneut  vionopterygiut,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hist,  of  Fishes,  etc.,  ii,  ..'2, 1830. 

2432.  ASPIDOPIIOROIDKIS  BAltTONI,  GiIl>ort. 

Very  close  to  Aapidophoroidis  monopierygius.  From  this  species  it  dill'ers 
in  the  much  lower  ridges  on  body,  which  are  slightly  rounded  rather  than 
sharply  carinate,  and  leave  the  intervening  faces  shullowly  concave, 
instead  of  deeply  so.  The  plates  of  the  lower  lateral  ridge  do  not  in  the 
young  bear  backwardly  directed  spinous  ])oints  as  they  do  in  A.  monop- 
ieri/gius.  The  keel  in  front  of  the  ventral  fin,  prominent  in  ,f .  monoptcrifgms, 
is  here  nearly  or  quite  ob8«)lete.  The  same  is  true  of  tl>e  keel  below  the 
eye,  and  the  occipital  ridge.  The  plates  in  front  of  the  pectorals  also 
protrude  less,  and  in  general  the  angles  and  promint^nces  are  less  marked. 
The  space  between  the  dorsal  ridges  is  less,  its  greatest  width  being  J 
length  of  head  behind  middle  of  eye  in  adults,  and  behind  posterior 
margin  of  eye  in  young.  In  J.  monopicrygiua  the  same  widtli  equals  i 
head  behind  fnmt  of  ey«i  in  adults,  behind  middle  of  eye  in  young.  These 
scarcely  admit  of  quantitative  statements,  but  are  sufficiently  evident 
on  comparing  spc^cimeus  from  the  Atlantic  and  the  Pacilic.    Vertebra; 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2093 


11  +  39  =  50.  General  proportions,  fin  raya  nnd  color  are  t.l>e  sanie  in  the  2 
apecieH.  Aleutian  iHlands;  taken  very  abundimtly  both  north  un<l  Hoiith 
of  the  Aleutian  Islanda  and  in  Hristol  Bay,  at  depthaof  17  to  121  lathoina. 
(Gilbert.)  Also  I'ouud  about  the  Pribllol'  lulands.  (Named  I'ur  Mr.  liar- 
ton  A.  Hean.) 

AtintUiphoroiden  bartoni,  Oii.nERT,  Kept.  TT.  S.  Fisli.  Comin.  189:i  (1800),  434,  Aleutian 
Islands;  Bristol  Bay,  Alaska.    {CM.  Albatro»ii.) 

Subgenus  ANOPLAGONUS,  Gill. 

S48».  ASPIDOPHOROIIIES  INKRMIS,*  GUntlior. 

n,  0;  1  D.  abaont;  2D.  5or(5;  A.  I  or5;  P.  10;  V.  IM,?^;  ('.  11;  vorto- 
ofjo  11  +  32=;13.  Pyloric  Ciuca  1  (1  individual).  Onlj  8  longitudinal 
rows  of  platt^H,  the  lateral  lint^  in  tlM^  upper  lateral  row.  No  spiucs  any- 
where on  liody;  no  ridges  on  the  superior  and  inlerior  lateral  series; 
plates  of  tb«  dorso-  and  ventrolateral  Heries  bent  upon  themselves  at 
right  r*ngle8,  forming  the  4  prominent  angles  of  the  body ;  the  ventro- 
lateral series  do  not  therefore  lie  entirely  on  underside  of  body,  as  in  A. 
mono})U;ry(/iu8,  nor  do  they  conv(^rgi5  between  ventrala  and  vent,  but  pass 
forward  to  lower  end  of  base  of  pectorals;  three  pairs  of  plates  between 
last  dorsal  ray  and  lirst  median  ])late,  and  2  to  4  pairs  between  last  anal 
ray  and  first  median  ]date;  a  median  dorsal  series  of  hexagonal  plates 
about  as  large  as  those  of  the  lateral  series,  on  widest  part  of  back, 
from  occiput  to  about  halfway  to  doisal;  tlu'se  (dates  alternating,  but 
not  regularly,  with  still  smaller  ones;  an  inconstant  number  of  small 
plates  behind  and  around  vent;  2  or  3  pairs  between  ventrals  and  vent, 
and  a  single  small  one  between  the  bases  of  ventrals.  Gill  membrane 
medially  on  its  posterior  part  and  laterally  on  its  anterior  part  and  narrow 
under  surface  of  m.antlible  between  the  rami  strongly  plated ;  two  or  3 
large  plates  in  front  of  and  7  to  10  small  ones  in  2  series  on  base  of  pec- 
toral. Head  depressed,  its  depth  f  of  its  greatest  width;  orbit  small, 
circular,  less  than  snout,  if;  in  head;  interorbital  space  narrow,  1*  of 
orbit,  moderately  concave;  supraocular,  occipital,  temporal,  and  suborbi- 
tal ridgea  very  low ;  4  or  5  plates  on  lower  part  of  cheek ;  median  rostral 
])lato  small,  vertical,  movable,  unarmed;  mouth  small,  the  lower  jaw 
slightly  projecting,  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  front  of  orbit,  entirely 
covered  by  preorbital ;  teeth  in  bands  on  jaws,  A^omer,  and  palatines.  Dor- 
sal Jind  anal  fins  small,  the  latter  under  the  former,  with  usually  5  rays; 
caudal  rounded,  its  width  at  base  2^  in  its  length ;  pectorals  7  in  length 
of  body,  their  base  2|  to  3  in  their  length,  nearly  truncate,  with  10  rays, 
the  3  lowermost  a  little  exserted.  A'^entrals  of  female  nearly  twice  as  long 
as  orbit,  ft  to  f  as  long  as  those  of  male,  the  latter  le.ss  than  2  in  pectorals. 
Lateral  line  41.    Color  dark  (nearly  black)  grayish  or  brownish  and  lighter 


*  Diagnosis:  Body  slender,  much  depressed  nnterioily,  4-hedral,  the  dors.il  face  con- 
cave, the  ventrnl  flat,  tlie  lateral  convex;  caudal  peduncle 6-hedral,  subtereto;  depth  of 
body  5  in  width,  tho  latter  8  in  length ;  head  long,  tapering,  5i  in  length  of  body :  plates 
in  dorsal  series 42;  from  occip:..L  ^.;  lorsal  19 to  21 ;  from  ventrals  to  anal  17 pairs;  amedian 
dorsal  row  of  small  pl.itcs  from  oc('i|>iit  to  opposite  tip  of  pectoralti ;  first  dorsal  absent; 
b.arbels  nonu;  gill  inenibrp.nes  nprrowly  Joined  to  isthmus  with  moderate  free  fold  behind ; 
median  rostral  plate  small,  unarmed;  nasal  and  all  other  8]>ines  ab.sent  from  head.  Color 
brownish  black,  with  several  altcraating  cross  bars  of  darker  and  lighter.  Pectorals 
with  black  patch  at  base  and  1  near  tip. 


2004 


Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum, 


ii  > 


■ir 


gray,  diinky  below;  it  bliick  hiiiid  IVoin  mouth  across  orl»it  to  jn'ctoral  ami 
iiloiij^Hide  of  body,  nnicb   iiittirrni)t(Ml ;  «laiK   niarkin^^s   deepest  on  sidc^. 
of  body  ;  a  dark  eross  band  lialfway  between  occiput  and  dorsal,  1  in  i'ront 
of  dorsal,  1  under  posterior  half  of  dorsal  (rnnninj;  upon  latter), and  nbmil 
2  on  caudal  peduncle;   posterior  half  of  dorsal  dark,  uuirblod;  a  nuirbifd 
patch  at  base  of  pectorals,  another  on  their  distal  third;  vcntrals  pale  in 
both  sexes;  ana)  with  dark  ]»atches  on  or  Itehind  the  rays,  darker  postcri 
orly;  caudal  black  at  its  bas(>  anil  on  its  distal  half,  th«>  2  patches  con 
nectod  by  a  black  band  alonj?  middle  of  lin,  hiaving  2  light  i)atches  on  tin 
dorsal  and  ventral  thirds  of  the  proximal  half  of  the  <in ;  the  bands  oi 
color  very  much  as  in  A.  nionoptrrnoiiis,  but  better  defined.     Length   I 
inches.     Coast  of  Alaska,  south   to   Vancouver   Island;    not  abundant; 
recorded  from  Vancouver  Island  (Giinther);  eastern  Aleutian  Islands,  ;!l 
to  5!>  fathoms,  and  Hristol  Bay.    (Gilbert.)    Here  described  from  sped 
mens  from  the  Aleutian  Islands  and  Bristol  Bay.     {inennis,  unarmed.) 

Asjiidoiihoroidig inermis,  GOntiikh.  Cat.,  n,  524, 18C0,  Vancouver  Island  ;  LCtken,  ForoK;!,. 
Mfdd.oiii  Noril.  llkctisko;  Vidonak.  Medilel.  Naturhiat.  Fon^n.  Kjob.,  385,  1876;  Jon- 
DAN  \-  ( lUJiEKT,  Synopaia,  725, 1883 ;  Jokdan,  Cat.  Fialioa  X.  A.,  113, 1S85. 

Anoplagomis ineimii, (iiLL, Proc.  Ac. Nat. Sci.  Phila.,  xni,  18C1, 167. 

Family  CLXXXII.  CYCLOPTERIDyE.* 

(TiiK  Lrai'     iciceus.) 

Body  short  and  thick,  moic  or  less  elevated,  covered  with  a  thick  skin, 
which  is  smooth,  tubercular,  or  spinous;  head  short  and  thick;  suborbital 

*  Dr.  Gill  tlinadefuKistliesuitprfainily  0>/cln})teroidea,  including  the  Ci/cio/j/cnf/ce  and  tlu' 
Lipntidiihv,  the  gronji  being  eqnivaltijit  to  that  ealh^d  by  other  writers  '^Discoboli"  : 

•'Acanthoptergiuna  with  the  t!!ird  infr.aorbital  bone  developed  as  a  atay  obliquely  cross- 
ing tiie  elieek  and  connecting  witli  the  preopt^rculuin,  the  niyodonio  suppreased,  the  post 
tein|><)ral  bifurcate  and  normally  connected  with  the  craniuii.,  the  actiuoats  enlarged  ami 
nioatly  connected  with  the  inner  ridge  of  the  proacapula,  tlio  liypercoracoid  being  dis 
lodged  iij)ward  and  the  hypercoracoiu  downward  on  a  row  with  the  4  actinosts;  ribs  ses 
alio  on  the  vertebr.al  centra  or  h;enia])ophyaea;  pharyngiala  reduced  to  the  liirgi' 
ei>ipharyngeal  (honiologoua  with  the  thin' of  ty])ieal  Acanthoi)tt^rgiana),  and  ventrals 
modified  to  form  a  suctorial  disk  aupported  by  d  immovable  rays  on  each  aide  convei'tcd 
into  o.ssi'ous  tisane  and  without  articulation's;  typically  auppressed.  They  appear  tn 
Lave  tho  branchial  aj)paratua  con8tru<'ted  on  the  same  jilan  as  in  the  Cotioidea;  2  or  ;i 
baaibranchials  ossitied;  hypobranchials  of  3  pairs  in  lino  with  the  corresponging  ceratu 
branchiala  of  fourth  arch  sui>prea8ed ;  ceratobranchiala  of  all  and  epibranchials  (of  all  or 
3)  archeawell  developed;  phcryngobrnnchials  reduced  tr-     ;)air  of  compreased  cpipharyii- 


'(  ,1  j. 


There  are  3^  gills,  that  is 
^  .1  single  row  of  filaments. 

f    lowing  remarks  on  thr 


geais;  hypophnryngeals  divergent  and  rather  coniprc 
double  l)ranchijei  on  all  the  arches  except  the  fourth,  wi' 
There  is  no  flsaure  behind  the  fourth  arch."    (Gill.) 

Mr.  Gariiian  (Monograph  of  the  Discoboli,  1892, 19;  hai- 
Cycloptfi-idm: 

"Anteriorlv  the  form  of  the  lump  lishes  is  stout,  thick,  ar.,t  deep;  behind  tho  body 
cavity,  whicli  occupies  tho  <jreater  portion  of  the  length,  it  rather  abruptly  becomes 
we.ik  and  slender.  Tho  heaa  is  short  and  broiid,  8ubi|tuidra)igular  in  transsection;  tlic 
snout  is  abort  and  lilunt;  tho  mouth  is  of  moderate  width,  anterior,  and  ojiens  slightly 
upward  :  the  teet!i  are  siu.all,  aubconical,  and  arranged  in  a  band  or  cord:  the  eyes  are  (ii 
medium  Biz(i  and  have  a  lateral  outlook.  All  of  the  membera  of  the  family  hnve  i)seudii 
l)ranchiii',  3J  gills,  U  branchioategal  rays,  small  gill  openi)igs,  numerou'-,  pyloric  ciecii, 
and  an  elongate  inteatine.  In  their  lower  ])ortiona  the  broad,  rounded  pectorals  extend 
forward  under  the  throat,  along  the  aides  of  the  disk.  The  vertical  fins  are  not  of  large 
extent;  the  caudal  and  the  2  dorsals  are(iuite  separate.  Thedi^k  is  compar.itively  large. 
I'^arly  in  I'fo  tho  skin  is  tender  and  naked;  later  it  grows  tough  and  is  covered  witli 
roughened  or  8|)ine-bearing  oaseous  tubercles.  Sumicnrtiliiginous  describes  tho  skeletnn 
with  tolerable  accuracy ;  the  small  amount  of  bony  i.iitter  lies  in  thin  plates,  often  form- 
ing cells  and  chambers  ainiilar  to  those  to  be  noticed  in  tho  bones  of  Lophius.    The  third 


Jordan  a7id  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2005 


ctoral  itml 
t  on  side- 
,  1  in  Iroiit 
and  alxxi! 
a  iiiarlilcd 
als  pall!  ill 
er  posti  ri 
itclirs  con 
ihca  on  tin 
o  Tiands  oi 
Leny,tli    I 
abnndant ; 
Islands,  :{| 
roni  sped 
irnu'd.) 

KEN,  Forcliili 

15,  1876;  Juii 


thick  skin, 
suborbital 

n(/fean<l  llu' 
oholi" : 
iqiicly  ci'oss- 
sscd,  tlie  ]>(ist 
nlarfjed  fiiid 
(1  beiiijj  (lis 
)9ts;  ribs  SIS 
to  tlio  liii'f;!' 
nd  vent  I'll  1h 
ido  convevt<<l 
iippear  to 
ioidea;  2  or  :! 
ging  cemtd 
dills  (of  nil  or 
3d  cpiidiarvii- 
gills,  tliat  iH 
of  fliauieuts. 

narks  on  the 

ind  the  body 

ptly  bocoitn's 

ssHction;  tlif 

jieiia  slightly 

lio  eyes  arc  n'.' 

Iinve  pseiubi 

pyloric  ca  rii. 

tornls  exti'iul 

B  not  of  laifi'' 

atively  large. 

(!overed  witli 

tho  skeletim 

s,  oftfii  form 

s.    The  tliinl 


stay  present,  thin  and  llattish;  nioutli  small,  terminal;  Jaws  with  bands 
of  8b'nd«'r,  simple  teeth;  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines;  j^ill  opeuin^^s 
narrow,  n^stricted  to  the  sides,  the  membranes  beinj;  broadly  joined  to  the 
isthmus  and  shouUb'r  {{irdh*;  branchioste^als  0;  ^ills  3A ;  pseudobranehiie 
present;  dorsal  fius  2,  the  anterior  i)art  of  llexible  spines,  which,  in  the 
adult,  are  sometimes  hidden  by  a  fleshy  hump,  in  1  subfamily  entirely 
wanting;  soft  dorsal  usually  opposite  the  anal  and  similar  to  it;  eaiulal 
(in  roun«led,  free  from  the  dorsal  and  anal ;  ventrals  thoracic,  rudimentary, 
forming  the  bony  centiT  of  a  sucking  disk;  pectorals  short,  ]daced  low, 
their  bases  broad  and  proeurreut;  pyloritr  cieca  numerous;  intestine  elon- 
gate; vertobrie  12  +  16,  the  skehiton  feebly  ossified.  Genera  7;  species  8; 
inhabiting  the  northern  sens  of  both  hemispheres.  l$y  means  of  the  ad- 
hesive ventral  disk  these  fishes  are  enabled  to  attiich  themselves  v»'iy 
(irmly  to  rocks  or  other  objects.  They  feed  on  crustacea,  "worms,  small 
tishes,  and  plants.  The  young  of  Cyclopierita  bear  a  close  resemblance  to 
lAparis,  an  evidence  of  the  common  origin  of  the  2  groups,  which  is  borne 
out  by  the  auatomj .  {Discoboli;  group  Cyclopterina,  GOntueu,  Cat.,  iii, 
154  to  1.58.) 

Cycloptekin.*:: 

I.  Si)inous  dorsal  present,  sometimes  concealed  in  adult. 
a.  Barbels  none;  disk  anterior,  below  the  bead. 

b.  Skin  armed  with  largo  tubercles. 

c.  Larger  tubercles  on  body  in  rows  well  separated ;  spinoiis  dorsal  tin  obsolete 

with  age.  Cvci-oi'tekis,  778. 

cc.  Larger  tubercles  not  in  rows,  crowded  closely  togeth»'r;  spinous  dorsal  tin 

usually  not  disappearing  with  age.  Eumicrotremus,  779. 

lb.  Skin  naked  or  with  scattered,  slender  spines;  no  lateral  line. 

Lkthotremls,  780. 

ua.  Barbels  present  about  the  moutli;  disk  below  the  abdomen;  tubercles  on  sides 

ndnute.  CrcLOi'TiinoiUES,  781. 

LiPAROPSINiE :  * 

II.  Spinous  dorsal  wholly  wanting. 

e.  Dorsal  short,  opposite  anal,  of  9  or  10  rays;  skin  wholly  smooth,  without  bony 
tubercles.  Cycloptekichthys,  782. 

ee.  Dorsal  long,  beginning  near  middle  oi'  buck ;  skin  with  bony  tubercles. 

LiPAROPS,  783. 

suborbital  is  thin  and  broadens  as  it  extends  back  to  tho  preopercle.  The  interopercle  is 
more  blade-like  than  in  the  Lipandidce.  On  1  genus  the  nores  around  the  luouth  are 
tal)ular  and  form  barbels.  In  this  important  paper  are  valuable  notes  on  the  osteology 
and  embryolog.y  of  the  Cifclopteridai  and  JApandidce. 

'  The  Liparopainai,  regarded  as  a  separate  family  (Liparopsidce)  is  thus  defined  by 
Mr.  Garman : 

"The  deterioration  of  tho  first  or  spinous  dorsal  seen  in  tho  Lumpfisb,  has  apparently 
proceeded  so  far  in  the  Liparoptidce  as  to  cause  the  disapyearunce  of  that  tin.  Each  of 
the  2  genera  in  the  family  has  but  a  single  dorsal,  tho  posterior.  In  one  genus  tlie  fin  is 
short  and  situated  near  the  caudal,  in  the  other  the  fin  begins  near  the  middle  of  the 
back  and  extends  nearly  to  the  origin  of  the  caudal.  The  gjsnera  are  further  distin- 
guished by  dorsal  tubercles  in  one  case,  and  by  a  naked  skin  in  the  other.  The  shape  is 
somewhat  like  that  of  the  Biodons,  bulky,  thick,  broad,  and  longer  forward,  in  the  sec- 
tion containing  the  vLsceral  cavity,  aud  short  and  greatly  reduced  in  size  behind  it.  Tho 
liead  is  short,  lirosd,  and  thick,  the  snout  short  and  blunt,  tho  iiiouth  terminal,  the  teeth 
subconical,  the  eyes  lateral,  the  branch iostegal  rays  6  in  number,  the  gill  openings 
narrow,  the  gills  B^,  the  pseudobranchii'^  siiiafl,  all,  with  disk,  pectorals,  and  caudal,  as  in 
the  Cyelopteridce.  Until  recently  this  famil.y  has  been  known  only  from  the  Kortli 
Pacific.  iV  short  time  ago  a  second  species  of  Cyclapterichthya  was  named  by  Vaillant 
from  a  sketch  of  a  fish  taken  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  which  would  extend  the  distri- 
bution to  the  Antarctic  regions."    (Liparoptidce,  Garman,  Discoboli,  40, 1892.) 


feBlihiji-i; 


iffl".!* JWH  "^"M  t.»,»r<WM^,'TT.~y'™7^  'V''^T™s"r"'W'VBW[':^';''^"'»''  ,1" 


W  •    if 


'Jt- 


w 


2096         DiiUetht,  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 
778.  CYCLOPTERUS  (Artedi)  LiumuuH. 

(LUMPFISIIKS.) 

Lumpvs,  Obsner,  Hist.  Aiiim.,  iv,  1284,  1688  (nonbinomial). 
VyclupUirus,  Autedi,  tleimni  I'isc,  02,1738  (iionbinoiiiial). 
Cj/cloptervt,  LiNNyKi's,  Sy  it.  X-it.,  Eil.  xi,  200, 1788  {lumims). 
Lvminu,  McMuutkik,  in  'Jiivior,  Auini.  Kiugd.,  1831  {vuljaria'^ . 

Body  luoro  or  lo88  compi  oHsed  toward  the  back,  somewhat  triangular  in 
a  transverse  section  at  tLo  first  dorsal,  covered  with  conical,  rouj;h,  lioiiy 
tubercles;  head  short,  thick,  snbquadrangular  in  a  cross  section;  snout 
blunt,  rounded;  mouth  anterior,  opening  slij^litly  upward;  teeth  sinipl(>, 
small,  arranged  in  a  band;  eye  moderate,  literal;  dorsals  2;  caudal  dis- 
tinct; disk  moderately  large,  anterior  below  the  head ;  no  barbels  about 
the  mouth;  first  dorsal  fin  in  the  adult  completely  hidden  by  tho  skin, 
the  larger  tubercles  of  tho  Hanks,  though  in  regular  series,  having  a  seat- 
tered  appearance.  One  species,  reaching  a  cousiderabie  size,  in  the  north 
Atlantic.     {HvnXoi,  circle;  icvEpdv,  fin.) 


im 


2484.  CYCLOPTERUS  LIIMPrS,  LiniiJBns. 

(LuMPFisiij  Cock  and  Hen  Paddle  ;  Lump  Sucker.) 

Head  5  in  entire  length ;  depth  2;  D.  VI  *  to  VIII,  11 ;  A.  9  or  10;  ventrnl 
6;  i»ectoral  "iO;  caudal  12  to  14 ;  branchiostegals  6;  vertebra' 11  +  18  =;2!t. 
Hody  niavssive,  compressed,  snbtriaiignlar  in  transverse  section  throiii;Ii 
the  middle,  belly  flattened,  the  portion  behind  the  abdominal  chamber 
much  compressed,  and  less  than  \  the  length  of  tho  Itody  proper. 
Head  short,  subqnadrangular  in  transverse  section,  forehead  broid, 
flattened;  nape  high;  snout  short,  broad,  blunt;  mouth  wide,  antc'rior, 
opening  with  a  slight  upward  direction,  extending  backAvard  almost  t(» 
.1  vortical  from  the  front  margin  of  the  eye.  Eyes  lateral,  near  tho  top 
of  tho  head,  as  long  as  the  snout,  ^  as  long  as  the  head  and  ^  as  wide  as 
the  interorbital  space.  Forehead  broad,  depressed,  convex.  Nostrils 
small,  tho  hinder  smaller,  near  the  eyes  on  interorbital  space,  the  .interior 
farther  forward,  halfway  to  the  mouth,  with  a  short  tube.  Gill  openiiin' 
moderately  wide,  its  lower  third  in  front  of  tho  base  of  tho  pectoral.  Fins 
with  rounded  margins,  rough,  with  small  tu))orcles.  First  dorsal  distinct 
on  very  young  individuals,  variable  in  shape,  thick  and  fleshy,  with  weak 
rays  in  obler  stages;  second  dorsal  distinct,  broad,  rounded;  caudal 
broad,  subtruucate  or  rounded  posteriorly;  anal  moderate,  opposite  the 
second  dorsal,  which  it  resembles  in  shape;  pectorals  broad,  rounded, 
fringed,  not  indented  at  the  sides  of  the  disk.  Disk  little  longer  than 
wide,  about  the  width  of  the  head,  or  nearly  J  of  the  length  of  the  latter. 
Skin  thickly  sown  with  small,  irregular  subconical  tubercles,  the  sides  of 
which  are  roughened  with  small,  conical  protuberances.  On  older  indi- 
viduals, larger,  longitudinally  compressed  tubercles  form  a  vortical  series 
from  the  na,\}6  over  the  first  dorsal ;  a  series  of  3  others  stands  at  Ccach  sidt^ 

*The  following  formula  is  given  for  British  Hpecimons:  Doraal  IV  to  VII,  10  or  11; 
iiual  9  or  10;  pectoral  20  or  21 ,  voutral  C;  caudal  10  or  11. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2097 


nl'  tho  Hpnro  between  \\w  dornalB;  a  row  of  larger  ones  extends  from  the 
HMpiaorliitiil  region  along  the  iliink  to  th«^  upper  ])art  of  the  tail;  a  Hori<>H, 
Htiirting  a  litth)  abovo  tho  ])<;ctoral,  paHsm  to  tho  1ow<m'  portion  of  tho 
tail ;  an<I  a  third  liitenil  series  roachcH  along  each  line  of  the  h)wcr  Hurfa<-e 
from  the  Hid(^  of  the  disk  to  tho  anal.  Tho  lloshy  ridge  enveloping  tho 
first  dorsal  is  snhject  to  considerable  variation;  it  UHually  ('ontinues  for- 
Wiird  on  the  nape  and  heroines  indefinite  iit  the  occiput.  In  alcohol  the 
c«dors  are  lirownish  or  olive  to  grayish,  the  tultcrcles  darker.  In  lifo  tho 
tints  A'ary  from  yellowish  v>\  greenish  in  the  young  to  more  or  less  brilliant 
red  in  the  males,  or  bluish  to  dark  brown  in  females;  spots,  blotches, 
cloudings,  or  other  markings  are  not  infrequent.  The  young  often  take 
the  color  of  th«'ir  surroundings. 

Mr.  Dn^sel  gives  the  following  notes  (m  a  small  example  of  this  species, 
31  mm.  long,  from  Davis  Straits: 

Ttic  spinoua  dorsal  in  comparatively  liigh,  and  in  not  enveloped  in  thick  skin  an  in  the 
adults.  The  abdominal  tii1>ercleH  arc  tho  mont  developed.  Tlie  gill  opening  i8  an  long  as 
the  boso  of  the  anal  tin,  which  is  an  long  as  the  disk.  I).  lY,  10;  A.  10.  Only  1  ripecimen, 
badly  mutilated  by  the  [Eskimo  dogs,  was  seen  at  Godhavu.  Tho  color  was  bright  olive 
green,  with  the  belly  white.  Tliesn  flgh  are  seldom  caught  in  this  harbor  after  May,  dur- 
ing which  month  they  are  very  abundant. 

North  Atlantic,  on  rocky  shores  of  l)oth  coasts ;  south  to  Cape  Cod  and 
Franco ;  generally  abundant,  reaching  a  length  of  20  inches  or  more,  but 
usually  much  smaller ;  they  are  rarcdy  used  as  food.  According  to  Garman, 
the  Lumpfish  spawns  near  shore  in  March  or  A]>ril,  after  which  the  female 
retires  to  deep  water,  leaving  the  male  to  watch  the  eggs,  which  hatch 
among  seaweed  and  eelgrass.  (Eu.)  (himpita,  from  the  English  lump,  tho 
iish  having  been  called  Lumpua  anglornm  by  Oesner.) 

Cyelopterm  lumpus,  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  xi,  1. 260,  1788,  Baltic  and  North  Sea ;  GOn- 
THKR,  Cat.,  ni,  155, 1801 ;  Deesel,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1884,250;  Jordan  <fc  Gilbert, 
Synopsis,  747, 1883;  Garman,  Discoboli,  21, 1892,  and  of  authors  generally. 

Cyelopterus  minutut,  Pallas,  Spicilegia,  Zool.,  Vil  12, 17C9,  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Oyelopterus pavoninus,  Shaw,  Nat.  Misc.,  ix,  pi.  310, 1797. 

Oyeloptemt pyramidatus,  Shaw,  Gen'l  Zool.,  v,  390, 1804. 

Gobiui  miniUus,  MDller,  Zool.  Dan.,  iv,  38, 1808,  Denmark. 

Cyelopterus  eceruleus,  Mitchill,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil.  Soc.  N.  T.,  i,  1815,  480,  New  York 
Harbor. 

Cyelopterus  eoronatus,  Couch,  Nat.  Hist.  Cornwall,  47, 1823,  Cornwall. 

Lvmpus  vulgaris,  McMurtkie,  in  Cuvier,  Anim.  Kingdom,  1831 ;  after  LlNN.s:u8. 

Lumpua  anglorum,  De  Kay,  N.  Y.  Fauna :  Fishes,  IV,  305, 1842 ;  after  LiNN-EUS. 


779.  EUMICROTREMUS,  Gill. 

Eumierotremus,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1864, 190  («2)tno«u«). 

Body  and  head  covered  with  spines  and  tubercles,  not  arranged  in  regu- 
lar rows;  first  dorsal  not  hidden  so  early  in  life  as  in  Cyelopterus.  Eyes 
and  disk  larger  than  in  Cyelopterus,  the  gill  openings  rather  smaller. 
Dor.^al  rays  Vi  or  VII,  10  or  11.  Size  small.  Northern  seas.  (eJ,  very; 
fiiHpdi,  small;  rpyna,  aperture.) 

a.  Body  rather  elongate,  t  he  depth  2J  in  length ;  tubercles  large.  SPlNOStTS,  2436. 

aa.  Body  short  and  deep,  tho  depth  ^  length;  tubercles  smaller.  OBBis,  2436. 


2098 


linllctin  //,  Utiitcd  Staies  National  Museum. 


IS' 


2485.  KI'MintOTKKNVS  NIMXONIIS  (MiilUir). 

Hoad  2};  depth  IJ.  D.  VI,  11;  A.  10;  P.  21;  brauchiostofjals  6.  Hody 
oxcfodiiijfly  robiiHt,  iiltriiptly  coiiiprcHsed  postt'riorly ;  tli«  lun^th  «>f  Hk 
licad  1<-.SH  than  its  height;  crown  convex,  orbit  larg(>,  Ichh  tlniu  j^  of  tli< 
h'n|rth  ot'th<>  hoad.  Month  niodcrato,  reaching;  a  vertical  from  the  fowunl 
niar^iu  of  th«^  orbit.  T«>eth  small,  Hiniplc,  8ubc(«'.]ica1,  in  a  narrow  band. 
On  younger  oxtiniplea  the  anterior  dorsal  ih  (piito  distinct,  and  does  not  form 
a  continuous  arch  with  the  outline  of  the  back  in  front  of  it,  as  jn  the  Luni)i, 
)»ut  aged  specimens  approach  the  latter  more  nearly  in  these  re8pe^t^' 
Hetween  the  2  dorsiils  the  sjiace  is  less  than  base  of  first.  Caudal  subtriin- 
cate  on  its  posterior  margin,  the  angles  roundcMl  otf;  all  the  fins  with 
rounded  margins.  Eacli  of  the  conical  tubercles  with  which  the  skin  is 
covered  is  rough,  with  small  projections  on  its  sides  and  base ;  some  of  tlir 
tubercles  in  diameter  of  base  measuring  nearly  or  quite  as  much  as  width 
of  orbit;  the  largest  appearing  in  a  group  of  8  or  9  on  the  middle  of  tlir 
dank,  iind  in  several  series  from  the  crown  to  the  base  of  the  second  dorsal ; 
one  of  the  large  ones  standing  at  each  side  of  the  space  1»etween  the  dorsals ; 
a  couple  of  moderate-sized  ones  seem  in  front  of  the  shoulder,  those  on  the 
entire  caudal  region  smaller,  as  also  those  below  the  head  and  body.  A 
young  example,  about  \\  inches  in  length,  has  a  similar  outline  in  tran.s- 
verse  section  as  wide  as  high,  is  abruptly  compressed  behind  the  abdomen, 
and  shows  the  first  dorsal  as  free  and  distinct  as  the  second ;  back  some- 
what arched  under  the  base  of  the  anterior;  interovbital  space  slightly 
concave,  \  wicb'r  than  the  orbit,  and  \  narrower  than  th<;  disk;  disl< 
nearly  \  wider  than  the  orbit.  Entire  body  covered  with  irregular- 
sized  spiny  tubercles;  on  the  sides  of  each  tubercle  the  small  spines 
slender  and  bristle-like,  and  their  development  comparatively  greater 
than  that  obtaining  among  them  on  older  examples.  Later  in  life  it  is  the 
central  portion  or  cone  of  the  tubercle  that  devedops,  while  the  lateral 
outgrowths  remain  small.  On  the  young  individuals  the  larger  scales 
occupy  the  spaces  behind  the  pectorals,  above  the  operclos,  and  at  the 
sides  of  the  first  ilorsals.  Dr.  Giinther,  1880,  figures  some  young  specimens 
an  inch  in  length,  some  with  tubercles,  others  without  them,  and  shows 
the  fins  to  be  angular  early  in  life.  The  color  is  olivaceous  to  brownish, 
very  likely  reddish  in  life,  clouded  with  darker.  From  the  material  before 
us,  this  species  appears  to  be  less  compressed  than  either  Cycloptcrus  ?m?wjj«» 
or  liiimicrotremita  orbis.  In  a  transverse  section,  in  front  of  the  first  dor- 
sal, it  is  nearly  round,  whereas  in  either  of  the  others  such  a  section  is 
considerably  higlier  than  wide.  Compared  with  them  in  regard  to  length, 
it  may  be  described  as  elongate.  How umch  of  this  difference  in  form  is  to 
be  credited  to  individual  variation  we  can  not  at  present  determine,  bear- 
ing in  mind  the  variations  seen  in  a  lot  of  specimens  of  C.  lumpua,  it  does 
not  seem  at  all  impossible  that  E.  spinosus  and  E.  orbia  may  have  to  be 
united,  as  has  been  suggested  by  several  authors,  but  unless  other  speci- 
mens show  closer  approaches  than  these,  they  are  certainly  better  kept 
separate.     (Garman.) 

Mr.  Dresel  gives  the  following  notes  on  a  specimen,  90  mm.  long,  from 
the  stomach  of  a  halibut  in  Davis  Straits : 


s- 

p  . 

i 

•i- 

fc 

■rik 

H^L„ 

■U: 

Jordan  and  pA'crmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2009 

I).  VII,  11;  A.  ca.  lU.  Tli(i  lit'utl  null  body  Hiiborlticular;  tho  lioily  pottU'riorly  in 
abruptly  (;i)iii|)nmHt'il.  Th)<  inoiith  in  iiinilernl*',  tht)  jawH  with  iiart'iiw  bantlH  of  villil'oi'ni 
tooth.  Tht)  maxilla  rcaclit'H  In  brluw  tlie  aiiteriiM'  iiiai't;iii  nf  tlio  Kyc,  ItH  lvu;;tli  biMii({ 
contained  1!^  tliiiits  in  tbat  of  tli<^  lifail.  Tbi^  ^\\\  opcnln;;  in  small,  im  lonu  aH  lliu  diamutcr 
of  tliueyo,  wliicli  Ih  conlnineii  ;i  timoH  in  the  IcnKtli  ot°  tht)  liuad.  Tho  (iJHk  Ih  about  uh 
lonK  as  it  Ih  broad,  )  nl'  the  IcuKlb  of  tliti  liuiid.  Tbo  int<>rorbital  width  is  t;r<'atnr  than  \ 
llio  lcn;:tli  of  tho  head,  and  not  (|ult«  twico  tho  dianiotor  of  tho  cyu.  Ki'n)jth  of  hoad 
I'ontainod  It  timoH,  ^rcatoHt  hoi{;lit  of  body 'J  tinn^s,  in  total  lonKth.  Tho  body  Ih  oovodmI 
with  (Mtnical  plntoH  of  varionx  Hi/.t'H,  thoHotif  tho  ]it!ctoral  ro^inn  b(>in(f  tho  larKOHt,  about 
as  lar^ro  n8  tho  oy*'.  Tho  jilnti^fl  aro  Htuddod  with  huuiII  tuboi'cloH,  and  tho  largor  onoH 
liavo  tho  contOTH  clovatod  ami  pointod.  (!olor  iii  Hpirite,  light  brown,  with  tracoH  of 
|iuiiutulntionH  on  tho  Hkiu  botwofu  tho  plates. 

North  Atlantic  aud  Arctic  ocoiiiis,  Honth  to  Maiiio  and  Dctniiiirk;  the 
speciinvns  ahovo  described  (by  Mr.  Garmaii)  from  Kastport,  Maine.  (Eu.) 
(npino$n»,  spinouH.) 

Cj/clopteruD  rjnnosiit, Ml^i.i.EK,  Prodr.  Zool.  Dnn.,  ix,  1777,  Denmark;  FAnnirii-s,  Fnuua 
Gni-niandica,  1U4,  1780;  GL'nTHEB,  Cat.,  iii,  157,  1801;  Johdan  &  Gildkut,  Syuop»iH, 
740, 1883. 

FAdmevotnviui  ipinoavi,  GiLL,  rroo.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  Fhila.  1873,  100;  Dresel,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Xat.  MuH.  1884.'J40;  Gaiiman,  l>iHCob(di,34, 1802. 

Lumpua  iqnnotua,  Stuker,  SynopHis,  482, 1840. 

2430.  KUMK'BOTRKMIT.  ORBIS  (Giinther). 

Hoad  2A;  depth  II, .  D.  VII,  9;  A.  10;  caudal  10;  brancbiostojjals  0. 
B«»dy  compressed,  thick,  short,  aud  high;  head  short,  higlier  than  wide, 
Ihittened ;  supraorbital  augles  promiiieut.  In  the  specimen  described,  badly 
.shrunken  by  drying,  tho  lieight  of  the  liead  is  contained  in  tho  distance 
I'rom  the  snotit  to  the  base  of  tho  caudal  nearly  twice.  Eye  large,  about 
UK  titn«'S  in  the  length  of  the  head.  Teeth  numerous,  small,  subconical, 
in  pavement,  4  or  r>  series.  Anterior  dorsal  inu(!h  as  in  a  8i)ccimen  of 
C.  lumjma  of  3  incht  Ju  length,  the  sides  of  the  fiu  covered  with  spines 
of  moderate  size,  the  spinous  rays  7  in  number.  The  upper  outlino  of 
this  fin  is  much  like  that  of  the  Lump,  in  being  arched  backward,  or 
crescentic.  The  10  rays  of  the  second  dorsal  are  very  distinct;  the 
membranes  are  not  so  tuberculate  as  those  of  the  first.  Entire  body  and 
head  covered  with  spiny  conical  tubercles,  the  largest  in  a  group  of  7  or  8 
on  the  ilank  behind  the  pectorals,  another  on  the  forehead,  and  those  on 
the  supraocular  ridge.  A  single  large  one  stands  at  each  side  of  the 
space  between  tho  dorsals.  Those  on  the  Hanks  aro  in  contact,  and  on  an 
example  4^  inches  in  length  there  aro  several  that  exceed  ^  inch  in  diame- 
ter. The  sides  of  the  tubercles  are  roughened  by  multitudes  of  iine  sharp 
spines.  Under  chin  and  throat  the  tubercles  are  smaller,  close  together, 
and  very  numerous.  The  origin  of  the  first  dorsal  is  above  and  a  little  in 
front  of  the  gill  opening.  The  latter  is  above  tlie  base  of  the  pectoral, 
beliind  the  eye;  its  width  is  hardly  as  great  as  that  of  the  orbit.  Profes- 
sor Collett  gives  a  good  figure  of  C.  apinosus;  to  compare  the  specimen 
from  which  these  notes  are  taken  with  it,  the  Pacific  representative  is 
higher  and  moro  arched  in  front  of  and  over  the  first  dorsal,  the  depth  of 
the  body  is  greater  in  propoition  to  tlie  length,  and  the  spines  above  the 
lateral  line,  from  the  space  between  the  dorsals  to  the  back  of  the  skull, 
are  a  great  deal  smaller.    These  differences  are  such  as  may  obtain  on 


4 


$ 


^^ 


2100         Dulktin  ^7,  United  States  National  ^/nseiim. 


k 


p 


individiialH,  it  iu  true,  but  until  dirurt  cninpc;  iHoiiH  of  sorieH  from  Mk. 
I'licific  lire  luado  with  othera  from  the  Atlautic  it  iH  hardly  wortli  tlm 
while  to  throw  C.  orbin  in  witli  C,  apinosnt.  The  2  apucioH  are  very  cIohcIs 
iilli(>d,  but  with  our  spocinieuH  it  doen  not  Hucni  best  to  bring  them  to^utln^i 
as  one.  (Garuuiu.)  Northern  racitl<r,  south  to  Vancouver  Island;  imi 
rare.     The  speoinien  above  described  from  Ht.  Ooorge  Island,  liering  Sf;i. 

The  following  notes  are  taken  iVom  a  very  large  spe«'imeu,  5  iuchos  loii<>, 
from  the  Aleutian  Islands.    (Coll.  Alaska  Comml.  Co.) : 

ll»'ad3;  depth  nearly  2;  D.  VII,  II;  A.  10;  caudal  10.  Hody  orbicular, 
cuboid  anteriorly;  base  of  spinous  dor^sal  and  body  behind  vent  al)ru]itlv 
comprussod;  teeth  in  narrow  bands;  gill  o))eniiigH  on  a  level  with  eyti, 
slightly  narrower  than  orbit.  Spinous  dorsal  not  hidden,  coverotl  willi 
rough  tubercles,  similar  to  thos«>  on  body,  but  smaller;  width  of  ventral 
disk  slightly  less  than  its  length,  and  somewhat  less  than  length  of  hoati. 
Hody  covered  with  irregular  roundish  conical  plates,  varying  much  in 
si/.e,  some  of  the  larger  with  a  central  point,  turned  backward;  all  tin 
plates  with  small  tubercles  and  slender  iloxible  prickles;  small  plates 
along  bases  of  all  the  tins;  a  series  of  6  large  plates  extending  backward 
from  above  eye  to  opposite  the  interval  between  dorsals;  a  series  of  .5  on 
each  side  of  middle  of  interocular  space  from  snout  to  nape,  these  increas- 
ing much  in  size  posteriorly;  a  scries  if  3  along  opercular  margin;  alouf; 
base  of  spinous  dorsal,  a  series  of  1,  uot  connected  with  that  of  interor- 
bital  space;  a  single  large  plate  on  each  side  of  the  interval  between  dor- 
sals; 2  longitudinal  series  of  4  large  plates  each,  beginning  above  base  of 
pectorals  and  behind  gill  slits,  terminating  under  the  space  bittwceu 
dorsals;  the  largest  plate  on  body  is  immediately  behind  axil  of  pectoral; 
a  smaller  one  below  it,  and  2  others  between  it  and  origin  of  anal ;  2  series 
of  smaller  plates  below  eye ;  many  small  plates  interposed  between  tlio 
series  of  largo  ones;  very  small  plates  on  under  side  of  head  and  middle  of 
tail;  no  plates  between  ventral  disk  and  vent;  none  in  axil  of  pectorals. 
Color  olivaceous,  the  skin  between  the  plates  thickly  punctate. 

"Three  young  examples,  the  largest  27  mm.  long,  were  dredged  south 
of  Sannak  Islands  and  in  Bristol  Bay  (depth  19  to  70  fathoms).  Fin 
rays  in  these  vary  as  follows:  D.  VI  or  VII,  9  or  10;  A.  8  to  10.  AVo 
agree  with  Garman  in  considering  it  advisable  to  distinguish  the  north 
Pacific  form  from  E.  apinoana,  until  adequate  series  can  be  compared.'' 
(Gilbert.)     (orbia,  orb  or  sphere.) 

OyclopteruH  orbu<,  (  JOnther,  Cat.,  ni,  158, 1861,  Vancouver  Island. 

Hmnierotemun  orbig,  J ORVxy  &.  GiLBEiiT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1880,  454;  Garman,  Disco. 

boli,  36, 1892. 
Vyclopterus  tpinosus,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  746, 1883 ;  not  of  MOller. 


,^ 


IV"-- 


780.  LETHOTREMUS,  Gilbert. 

LethotremuSy  Gilbert,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish  Comni.  1893  (1896), 449  (mutieua). 

This  genus  differs  from  Eumicrotremua  in  the  total  absence  of  the  bony 
plates,  and  of  lateral  line  or  pores  on  sides  of  head  and  body.  The  skin  is 
either  smooth  or  armed  with  scattered  prickles.  (A.r/Or/,  forgetfulness ; 
rpffjiia,  apertures.) 

a.  Dorsal  rays  VII,  11 ;  anallO ;  skin  perfectly  smooth.  muticvts,  2437. 

aa.  Dorsal  rays  V,  7 ;  anal  6;  skin  prickly.  vinolentus,  2438. 


3    I 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2101 


S4»7.  LKTIKITItDNIN  Ml  TICI  N,  (lillKstt. 

I).  VII,  11;  A.  1»»;  r.  2:^.  Mepth  '1  to  2i  in  loiiKtli ;  lioiul  '1\  to  2i.  Kyo 
very  largo,  2^  to  2^  in  liuiul,  (M|iialing  iiitcrorhitiil  wiiltli.  In  Kmnwro- 
IrriHHH  orh'tH  of  o«iual  hI/o,  tliu  length  of  th<«  Hlit  slightly  I«>hn  than  itH 
distance  tVoui  uppur  hiiHu  of  pectoralH.  Dianu'tfi*  of  ventral  dihk  {| 
length  of  head,  cfiual  to  wi<Ith  of  mouth.  No  bailielH  or  lllaniunts. 
Origin  of  HpinonH  dorHal  Hlightly  in  advancn  of  gill  nlit,  diHtanco 
between  dorHala  equaling  half  diameter  of  oy*;;  origin  of  anal  untler 
that  of  Hecond  dorsal;  no  n«»t4'h  between  upper  and  lower  ])ortious  of 
pectoral  tin,  the  lower  rays  thickened  but  nut  lengthened,  the  length  of 
upper  ray  e(inaling  that  of  suoiit  and  eye.  Vent  Heparated  from  disk  by 
Hlightly  niorr  than  A  its  distance  from  front  of  aual.  Color  in  ajdritH, 
lirownish  above,  Avhite  below,  the  upper  parts  llnely  frt'ckled  with  small 
black  specks.  Length  about  1  j  inches.  Aleutian  Islands.  This  species 
closely  resembles  in  form,  tin  rays,  and  giuioral  appearance  EumicrolninuH 
ofhia,  but  ditl'ers,  in  additi(m  to  the  generic  characters  already  stated,  in 
the  much  larger  eye,  the  lower  spinous  dorsal,  and  the  extreme  reduction 
of  tlu)  ])osterior  nasal  tube.  In  youDg  examples  of  E,  orhis,  the  ]u>sterior 
nasal  tube  is  much  longer  than  the  anterior,  and  equals  ^  the  diameter  of 
eye.  In  L.  niuHcua,  both  tubes  are  short,  and  the  posterior  is  little 
more  than  an  elevated  rim  to  the  nasal  opening.  The  naked  specinuins 
from  the  Atlantic,  reported  on  by  Dr.  Giinther  under  the  name  (UjcloptrnnuH 
apinoaiia,  are  probably  referable  to  Lvlholrcmuti.  (Gilbert.)  (muliciix, 
unarmed.) 

Lethotremiis  mutieut,  GUJJKKT,  llept.  U.  S.  Fish  Coinni.  1893  (1890),  449,  pi.  31,  Unimak 
Pass,  Alaska,  at  Albatross  Stations  3323  and  3358,  in  56  and  70  fathoms. 


IMAN,  Disco. 


2488.  LKTIIOTRRMIJS  VINOLKMUS,  Jordan  A  Stiirks. 

Head  2}  in  length ;  depth  2J.  D.  V,  7 ;  A.  6 ;  eyo  3  in  head ;  snout  nearly 
4;  maxillary  2* ;  interorbitr.l  2^ ;  ventral  disk  1^ ;  height  of  spinous  dorsal 
2j^ ;  length  of  jiectoral  2|.  Body  short  and  thick,  broadest  at  heatl,  dee])est 
in  front  of  lirst  dorsal  spine,  abruptly  compressed  at  vent;  back  some- 
what elevated.  Mouth  terminal,  oblique,  the  jaws  about  equal;  snout 
very  blunt ;  maxillary  reaching  slightly  past  the  vertical  from  front  of  eye; 
teeth  in  narrow  villiform  bands;  teeth  on  vomer  (the  s])ecimen  is  so  small, 
we  can  not  be  sun^  of  the  palatine  teeth) ;  eye  large,  set  high  in  the  head, 
its  diameter  greater  than  the  length  of  the  snout;  iuterorbital  wide  and 
Hat.  the  diameter  contained  lA  times  in  the  Avidth;  gill  opening  obli(]uc, 
about  as  wide  as  eye  and  on  a  level  with  eye;  disk  \  longer  than  broad, 
its  length  about  equal  to  distance  from  gill  opening  to  anterior  edge  of 
eye.  Skin  thick;  head  and  body  nearly  naked,  a  few  spines  scattered 
over  it;  spinous  dorsal  with  3  or  4  small  spines,  a  minute  simple  spine  in 
front  of  eye  and  2  or  3  above  it;  4  multitid  spines  following  the  curve 
of  back,  under  spinous  dorsal,  and  1  under  the  front  of  second  dorsal,  2 
similar  spines  on  each  side  of  nape,  just  above  oi)ercles ;  2  on  edge  of  oper- 
de  and  3  on  edge  of  prcopercle ;  an  irregular  row  of  6  running  from  jibovo 
biise  of  pectoral  to  front  of  anal  tin,  and  a  couple  of  small  ones  behind  gill 


-'*■■ 


1 1 


M  ' 


ji» 


2102  linlUlhi  47,  United  Sinks  National  Must  urn. 

o)M>iiiii^;  Itoily  othorwiHe  nuked.  All  tli»  HpinHH,  with  i\w  t^xcoptioii 
of  tlioHu  iiuttxl  iiH  Hiin])lr,  iiro  loii^  Hliiirp  H|>iii«tH  in  f;roii]iH  of  from  3  to 
H  with  a  I'oiiiinoii  ItuHu,  guiiorally  tint  leii){th  of  ouch  H|iiii«)  i-\('<'«>(liii'^ 
length  of  tho  Itusu.  No  latunil  lino.  HpinonH  ilortal  loucliing  to  the  firsi 
ray  of  Huft  dornal  when  tin  iu  ilepreHsuil,  higlioi-  tliun  Hoft  iIofhuI;  unul  mni 
Hoft  (loi-Hul  Hiniilur;  caiitlul  Mnutll,  trniifutv  or  Hiightly  ronndiMl;  pectomlM 
very  Hhoi't,  reaching  to  the  poHtorior  tMlgu  of  vmtrul  diNk.  Color  Itri^lii 
wino  red,  nlightly  ligliter  Ittdow,  without  niarkingH,  sidcH  diistod  ovn 
with  very  Hinull  dark  jiointH;  HpinouH  dorHal  diiHky;  othor  llnH  oolorlt>Hh. 
Colors  <liNuppeur  in  ulcolxd.  Ono  Hptt«;ini(Mi  \  inch  long,  drotlgtMl  in  I'li^ci 
Sound.  If  the  adult  hIiuwh  the  Hunie  characterH,  it  niuHt  bocoiue  the  type 
of  a  diutiuct  genim.     {riiiolintiiH,  wiue-colorod.) 

LithotremuM  vinolfntim,  JoBDAN  A  Stakkh,  I'roc.  Ci»l.  Ac.  8cl.  IBO.'i,  827,  pi.  04,  Pugct 
Sound,  near  Seattle,  Washington.  (Typu,  Xo.  3i;il,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mint.  (.'oil.  i: 
C.  SturkH.) 

781.  CYCLOPTEROIDES,  Garnuin. 

Citeltijtteniideii,  Gakman,  Mom.  DiHcuboli,  37,  1802  (<jyrinopiii, 

IJody  Hhort,  thick,  Hlightlj'  dcjjroHHed  anteriorly,  coinprcHBod  poHtoriorlx , 
Heud  hroad,  short;  Hnout  short,  oUtUHo ;  suborditul  produced  to  conncri 
with  the  preoperculnni,  widening  backward.  The  baacH  of  bothdorHalHartt 
thickly  en velop<Ml  in  skin  and  ileah.  VcntrulH  united,  forming  a  lar^r 
adhesive  disk.  Chin  with  tubular  pores,  or  barbuLs.  Teeth  small,  siili 
conical,  (iill  openings  narrow;  gill  niembraneH  united  und  attachoti  to 
theiHthmus.  Gills  3A.  Pseudobranchia>  present.  Six  brunchiostcgnl  rays. 
Intestine  long.  Like  i'jidoptcrus,  to  which  it  is  closely  allied,  the  species 
of  this  genus  up])earH  to  derive  a  portion  of  their  food  from  vegetation. 
{CycloptirnH;  eiSo^,  resembluuco.) 

2480.  CYt'LOl'TEKOIDKN  0VB1XUP8,  Gnnnan. 

Head  3  in  total  b'ngth;  D.  8  or  9;  A.  9;  p«'ctoral  24;  caudal  10; 
(we(!a  10  or  11;  bran<'hiostegul  6.  Body  oblong,  comprcsHud  towanl  the 
dorsals,  broad  toward  the  boUy,  subtriaugular  in  trnnsverse  section, 
abruptly  compressed  in  the  posterior  ])ortion  between  the  second  dorsal 
and  the  unul,  deep  near  the  abdomen,  and  tapering  rapidly  to  the  eaiidiil 
fin.  Ittdly  flattened,  ^  as  wide  as  long.  Head  short,  as  long  as  higli. 
wider  than  long;  interorbital  space  eoncHV(»  transversely  and  slightly  so 
longitudinally,  steeply  inclined  on  snout  and  sides;  cheeks  swollen; 
month  anterior,  somewhat  obli(]ue,  little  wider  than  interorbital  sitace. 
not  reaching  u  vertical  from  front  of  eye;  lower  lip  interrupted  foru  short 
distance  at  the  symphysis;  chin  with  a  series  of  4  barbels  on  ea«-b  side 
formed  by  tubular  prolongations  of  the  pores  similar  to  those  of  tin 
nostrils.  Teeth  very  small,  conical,  slightly  hooking  baekAvard,  in  5  rows 
at  the  symphysis,  some  of  which  are  shorter  and  do  not  extend  so  fai- 
toward  th«;  sides  as  the  others.  Nostrils  small,  tubular,  the  {losterioi 
between  th«!  eyes,  und  tlie  anterior  halfway  between  the  posterior  and  the 
mouth.     p]ye  moderate,  lateral,  as  long  as  the  suout^  more  than  4  in 


Jordan  and  livcrniatni, — Fisfus  of  North  America,     2103 

huiid,  proiniiit^nt  iibovr  th««  oiitliiin  i*l'  tlio  fon-litMitl.  dill  i>|H)iiiiiK  very 
Hiiittll,  uuvorutl  by  \\w  H|iiiio-lik«^  uii^^lo  of  tliu  oporclu,  ut  n  tliHtuiico  ahovn 
llio  ItiiMu  ul*  th<-  ]i«('.t*>rul  )<i|iinl  to  iihout  twico  itH  own  wiilth.  Skin  cov- 
iTttd  with  iiiiiruH,  with  I  H<-rluH  of  vory  hiiiuII,  WiHiiiiit,  1-  to  8-H|iiuful 
tiibMntlt-M  on  carh  Hitlo;  I  Horiem  on  oa«-h  niiio  of  tho  metlian  iim-  of  th» 
foruhuiid  alon^  th*<  Hitltm  of  tho  ItasoH  of  tlir  tloi'HulH,  anothn-  front  i-arli 
oi'bitiil  ritl^o  bai'kwiinl  on  Ww  Hank  iiaialUd  witii  tho  liiHt,  another 
liohiinl  oat'h  uyo,  tintl  tho  fourth  at  th<>  lower  iMlgc  of  the  ^ill  opening;; 
lutlow  thu  liiHt  Hurh-H  the  skin  Ih  ipiitu  buru.  N'entral  «liHk  an  long  hh  the 
lioiul,  aH  bi'(>a<l  uh  lon^,  or  broiidur,  nuarly  twiee  uh  far  from  tho  eaiiilu!  aH 
from  thu  niuuth.  !>orHal  thiH  voiy  thick  at  tlieir  baHes,  envoloptMl  in  Ioohu 
Hkin  through  whieh  tho  rayH  may  be  diHtingMiNhed,  Neparatud  by  an  inter- 
Hpace,  the  tlrst  higlier,  originating  above  the  gill  opening;  IxtHe  of  the 
Hecontl  liigher  in  front,  and  the  ptmterior  rayH  more  free  from  the  thick 
Hkiu.  (The  extremitieH  of  tlie  rays  ure  all  weak,  and  in  moHt  eaneH  have 
been  carried  uway.  That  tlie  caudal  (In  wan  pointed  Ih  intlicated  by  the 
Ntrength  of  the  median  rays;  in  other  words,  the  (in  was  longer  in  the 
middle.)  I'ectorals  broad,  runnded  in  the  upper  part  posteriorly,  rea<'hing 
aH  far  backward  as  the  hinder  edge  of  the  disk  ;  lower  border  but  little 
inilented,  if  at  all,  with  enda  of  rayH  prolonged  au  a  short  fringe.  Color 
brown,  approaching  a  chocolate;  belly  light;  a  «^ark  brown  blotch  between 
th**  eyes,  another  from  each  eye  through  anterior  nostril  to  mouth,  1  below 
eye  to  throat,  1  or  2  l>ack  of  eye  on  opercle,  a  larger  one  behind  gill  op«'n- 
ing,  several  Binall  oiiom  close  along  bases  of  dorsals,  and  an  elongate  band 
nn  the  hinder  part  of  Hank  and  on  base  of  caudal  ])ortion;  peculiar  nnirkH 
exist  in  a  brown  blotch,  on  each  Hide  of  hinder  part  of  abdomen,  on 
which  is  a  bunch  of  3  white  spots  like  a  clover  leaf,  in  a  white  baud, 
reaching  toward  the  llauk  at  each  Hide  of  hinder  margin  of  disk,  and  in 
a  white  Hpot  at  posterior  ends  of  branchioHtegal  rays.  Total  length  a 
little  less  thau  2  inches.  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska  (Garman);  the  young 
takeu  by  us  in  the  harbor  t»t  ilualaska.  (yv/jiyos,  tadpole;  coip,  ajtpear- 
anco.) 

('jieloptcroidi-»<i!frinoj>x,  Oakman,  Moii.  DiHcoboli,  iu McniDlrH Muh.  Coniii.  /uol.,  Cuiiiliridge, 
a7, 18U2,  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska. 


78a.  CYCLOPTERICHTHYS,  Steindachner. 


Ciieloptffiehthyii,  S'rEim)Acii:iKU,  Ii'lith.  UcitriiKO,  x,  14,  1881  {ijlaber    ■■  ventrieomui). 

IJody  short  and  thi<'k,  rounded,  covered  with  thick,  smooth  skin,  desti- 
tute of  bouy  tubercles;  tail  slender,  compressed,  the  body  abruptly  con- 
iractcd  to  its  base;  head  broad,  obtuse;  nuuith  oblique,  the  lower  jaw 
|)rominent;  teeth  rather  small,  simple,  hooked,  sharp,  in  2  rows  anteriorly ; 
pseudobranchiat  large;  gills 3^;  8ub«>rbital  connected  by  a  bony  stay  Avith 
tho  i>reopercle;  gill  opening  small,  above  the  base  of  the  pectoral,  whi<'h 
IS  broad  and  proiurrent;  ventral  disk  moderate,  fringed.  Dorsal  short 
and  high,  of  soft  rays  only,  opposite  the  short  anal,  both  well  se2)arated 
from  the  small  caudal.     {CyclopUrus;  /^OOj,  lish.) 


i 


'St.-   19 


^if 


ii      '1^ 


2104  Bnllctin  /7,  United  States  A\itiohK..  ,t/i,S(Utn, 


•i4IO.  ('VCLOPTKUUilTllYH  VKMTUU  OMI  H  (i'alliiN). 

Il«m(l21;  «l«|.th:Ji.  D.  9;  A.  7  (Kor»  ralliiM) ;  I'.  20;  ('.  U.  IJo(ly»tuui, 
tlili'k.Hliiirt,  Hiiinotk,  abruptly  <-<iiiiprnHHu<l  liohiiiil  tliolxMly  nivity.  CaiKlnl 
portion  iKMirly  i.  of  tho  total  lun^tli.  Ilua<l  about  j^  of  tho  luiiKth  witliunt 
thu  caudal,  broad,  tlrpi^HHod  but  toiivt'X  on  tho  rrowii,  blunt  and  liroiidls 
rounded  on  tlio  Huout.  Mouth  widi^,  antttrior,  op«)nin^  Hli^htly  upward. 
Uh  corner  btdbru  tho  uiiddlu  of  tho  oyo.  Tcotli  Hiuall,  HJuiplo,  in  2  hui  it  s 
in  front,  and  but  1  toward  thn  HitlttH.  l*allaH  HayH  of  tho  ilontition :  "  .  !iix- 
illuriim  niar^^inoM  ohmcI,  denticnlis  niiiiiitlH,  cnrvuliH,  obluHiuaculiH,  iotntr 
dinatJH  ut  inii-i|inillbiiH,  puHHini  K*'>><>"<>tiH  aH)>ori ;  quorum  in  HuporiurK 
maxilla  intoriorcn  maJoroH.''  lOyo  lateral,  its  diamotor  containod  7  tinicH 
in  thu  luuKth  of  tho  head.  Gill  Hlit  i  in  lioad.  Dornai  Hhort,  buhind  the 
ultdoniiual  chanibor,  itn  up))«r  oxtrumity  o\tontlin;i;  Itehind  a  vortical  frtim 
the  baH«i  of  tho  cauilal,  margin  rounded;  anal  Muiallur  than  the  dorHul  ami 
oppOHod  to  it,  though  ori^inatinf^a  trillo  farthoi-  l>ack  ;  caudal  Miibtraucatc, 
roundud.  Vont  almost  dirtxrtly  in  tho  mid<lh«  of  tho  total  length.  Dink 
Hubcircular,  with  abroad  ciitanooiiH  margin,  1^  in  head.  ItrowniHb,  with 
numuroUH  scatterud,  Huiall,  rounded  spotH  of  darker;  our  Hpocimona  pliiin 
blackiHk  olivo.  Horiii)?  H»>a;  Sea  of  Okhotsk  (Stoindaclinor);  our  Hpcci- 
mens  from  St.  Paul  Island,  Pribilof  Group;  also  found  at  I'etropaulski; 
occasionally  taken  in  abundance,  (vcniricoiiuti,  largo-bollied.) 

Oi/eloptenm  vrntrictisiis,  I'ALi.As,  SpicileKia,  Zmil.,  vn,  15,  t.'i,  1709,  Kamchatka. 
Cudoplirichthi/t  tjlaher,  Stkindaciinkii,  Iclitli,  IlcltriiKo,  x,  14,  pi.  8, 1881,  Sea  of  Okhotsk. 
Coliilit  ventricosim,  (jOntmeu,  Cat.,  ill,  4W        I. 

Cyclopteriehthya  ventricoaus,  Jordan  &  *HT,  SynopHin,  745, 1883 ;  Gahman,  Dlscohull, 

41, 1802. 

783.  LIPAROPS,  Gannan. 
Lii)arap»,  Garman,  Discoboli,  in  Mom.  Mu8.  (Jomp.  Zool.,  43,  1802  ($telleri), 

A  little-known  ^euus,  apparently  closoly  alli«id  to  Cualopfcrichthjis,  but 
distinguished  by  tho  elongate  dorsal,  tho  tuburcles,  and  thu  doutition. 
One  species  known.     {Lii>arin',  i^ip,  appearance.) 

2441.  lilPABOPS  STKIiLKRl  (PiiUaa). 

Body  oval,  smooth,  tho  chest  in  the  middle,  the  de]>th  4  inches;  a  single 
soi'ios  of  osseous  tubercles  along  tho  mid<lle  of  the  back  to  the  origin  ol 
tho  dorsal  tin;  l<»wer  jaw  longest;  tooth  slender,  blunt,  une<iual;  cycH 
small,  high ;  gill  opening  reduced  to  a  round  foramen ;  opentlo  large.  Disk 
between  pectoral  tins.  Dorsal  fin  commencing  on  tho  middle  of  the  1>ack 
and  extending  to  near  the  base  of  caudal;  anal  ending  opposite  dorsal; 
anal  slender.  Petropaulski,  Kann-hatka,  where  it  is  rare  (Pallas);  not 
seen  by  any  recent  collector.  (Named  for  Georg  Wilhelm  Stellar,  naturalist 
and  explorer.) 

Cyclopterui  gtelleri,  Palias,    Zoogr.  KoHHO-Asiat.,  ni,  73,  1811,  Kamchatka,  Harbor  of 

Peter-and-Paul;  dcMcribud  t'rum  inanuiscriptH  of  Stellbr. 
Cotylis  ttellert,  OCntheu,  Cut.,  in,  499,  1801. 
Oyclopterichthys  iitelleri,  Jordan  &.  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  745,  1883. 
Liparops  ifeUeri,  Gabman,  Discoboli,  42,  1892. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2105 


Fiimll.>  (I-XXXIII.   MI'AUIDin.T':. 


iAN,  DlBcoboU, 


(TlIK  Hka  Hnaii.h.) 

l»o«ly  more  or  I«hi»  «l(niKiito,  tiiil|i<ilo-Nlm]iril,  Hiihoyliiulrii'iil  ntitoriorl.v, 
ooiuprrsHtMl  liohiiiil,  tlio  hoiul  (l<'|)r*'HHOil ;  liutli  linitl  iiikI  Ixxly  cost^roil  with 
Hiiiootli,  thill  Hkiii,  whli'li  ia  very  lux.  IIimhI  IhoikI,  oIiIiiho,  \\w  hiidiiI  Hhort, 
wido,  iitid  blunt;  third  HiihorldtuI  boiiu  Htylit'ot-m  Ixdiiiitl,  I'lti  tiling  u  lioiiy 
lituy  »rtiriilatiii>{  with  thtt  pn'oponlu,  uh  in  Coflidn  ;  month  iiiodirato, 
antorior,  turmiiial,  tho  \awn  ut|iiiil,  or  tlio  lowri-  in(liid«Hl;  Juwh  with 
handH  of  Hiiiall  t«oth,  which  aiu  Miiii|il«;  or  moro  or  Iomh  tricuspid,  iihiially 
cloHo  Hut,  roriiiiiiK  tt  p.iveiiuMit;  no  tuvth  on  vomer  or  palatincH;  promaxil- 
hiriuH  protractiht,  little  movahln;  opurciilar  Iioiioh  iinarniod ;  intero])or*'1« 
Hlundur,  ray-liki>,  ovurlylng  tho  hran<;hi(>Hti^galH;  gill  opcningH  hiiuiII,  tliu 
mombrnnoH  Joined  to  tliu  broad  iHthiiiiiH  and  to  tlie  linincral  arch  Ixdow, 
ItrauchioMtegnls  (i.  (iillN  3A,  no  nlit  iMdiind  the  laHt;  pHondobranchia* 
Hinull  or  wanting;  dorsal  tin  rather  long,  the  Hpinen  feebh)  and  lloxiblc, 
low,  Hiniilar  to  the  not't  rayn;  anal  long,  Himilar  to  the  Holt  tlorHal;  ventral 
linH  1, 5,  the  two  completely  iiiiito<l  and  Conning  tint  bony  center  of  an  oval 
Hiicking  (UhU,  or  elue  HometimeH  entirely  wanting;  jtectoral  tin  very  broud, 
the  base  procnrrent,  extending  forward  under  tho  throat,  the  outline 
usually  cniarginato,  Home  of  the  lower  rayH  being  prodiued;  tail  <li]ihy- 
oeniul;  euiidil  tin  short,  convex;  vertebra*  nniiieroiiH,  35  to  50;  pyloric 
ca-ca  uuinei  uh;  no  nir  bladder;  ntomach  siphoiial,  U-Hlia;ied,  inteHtino 
elongate.  (ilenera!>;  H|)ecieH  aliont  10.  Small,  Hliiggish  lishe.s,  nearly  all 
of  the  Arctic  seas,  a  few  belonging  to  the  Antarctic;  found  adhering  to 
rocks  at  various  depths.  The  group  is  evidently  closely  al1ie«l  to  the 
Cotlidw,  and  its  origin  must  Im^  sought  in  the  ancestors  of  hiicIi  types  as 
I'ayrhrolutrH  antl  ('otliinculitii,  the  Cycloptcridif  representing  a  eot>rdiuate 
phase  of  degradation. 

The  following  additional  characters  are  given  by  Mr.  Oarman : 

Skolt'ton  witli  a  soiiiowliul  larger  proitortion  of  OHHtHiuH  niattiT  tliau  that  ot  th<*  Oydnpter- 
idu).  Ah  in  that  fiiniil.v,  tlut  Hkiill  Ih  full  on  tlie  liack,  uh  if  trimcHlc,  anil  has  no  paHHaiKo 
for  maacleB  uxtoutling  forward  botwuun  tho  iiiastoiil  ami  tho  occipital)).  Third  aiilmrbital 
very  long,  Hlonder,  and  spinu-liko,  postoriurly  reaching;  toward  the  jioHtorior  niargin  of 
tlio  proopentulum.  Upper  liinh  of  preo|iorruliini  oxpandod.  Oporciiliim  iniicli  reduuud, 
itH  8hape  with  buuim  rosiMiililancn  to  that  of  a  buot,  tho  Hule  dircctod  downward  and  tlio  too 
backward.  Subopercnluni  sloudor,  likonn  inverted  V  with  the  limbH  curved  outward, 
the  anterior  extending  forward  along  the  preopereiibiin,  and  tho  poHterior  reaching  back 
under  the  lower  border  of  the  oporciiluiii.  Interoi>erciiliiiii  long,  Htyliforni,  reaching  from 
)4uboperculura  to  articular,  frequently  nilHtaken  for  one  of  the  branchioHtegal  rayH.  Jtea- 
sons  for  separating  this  family  from  the  Vj/clojitcriila'  and  ])lacing  it  farther  from  the 
(httidce  ex'Ht  in  the  continuous  dorsal,  the  connection  of  dorHal  and  anal  with  the  caudal, 
the  moro  complete  transfonuatiun  of  tho  ventral  rays,  tlio  more  slender  and  spine-like 
suborbital  process,  the  expanded  upper  limb  of  tho  preoperculum,  tho  Ht.vliform  inter- 
operculum,  the  shorter  olfactory  nerves,  and  the  more  elongate  brain.  (Garman.) 
Ditcoholi  liparidina,  GUnthkr,  Cat.,  lu,  158  to  105, 18C1. 

r.iPARlDIN^ :  • 

a.  Ventral  disk  present,  large  or  small. 

b.  Ventral  disk  normal,  composed  of  13  lobes,  a  median  one  in  front,  and  one  cor- 
responding to  each  of  the  tin  rayH,  each  lobe  v.ith  a  dociduoun  horny  cover- 
ing or  papilla.    Teeth  clone  sot  in  pavomont-like  bands,  tricuspid  in  tho 
3030 55 


3i 


2106         Bulletin  y/,  United  States  National  Musetim, 


i  'J 


young,  some  or  all  becoming  angular  or  bluntly  arrow-fshapod  in  tlio  adult . 
caudal  tin  -well  dttvelopeil,  rather  l>road. 

e.  Dorsal  tin  dividod  by  a  doep  notch,  which  separates  the  slender  HjyiucH  U , 

the  Hoft  rays.  Kbui.ii'aki»,  78i. 

ee.  UorHal  tin  continuous,  the  spines  not  separated  from  the  soft  rays. 

Lll'AKIH,  "85. 

hh.  Ventral  disk  more  or  less  reduced  in  size  or  degraded  in  structure,  l)cc'jiiii:i" 

anterior  in  position ;  teeth  simple  or  tricuspid  only  in  the  very  young ;  vur- 

tebrie  numerous. 

d.  Caudal  well  dovolojjed;  teeth  HlenJer,  curved,  in  cardifonu  bandn,  tlio 

inner  longer,  depressible ;  ventral  disk  large ;  skeleton  very  Moft. 

1{ATHYPHA«.MA,  78(i, 

dd.  Caudal  tin  slendc,  not  distinct  from  other  vertical  tins ;  teeth  simple  iu 

tiie  adult;  vertebrie  numerous;  dorsal  rays  'Ah  to  50;  anal  33  to  40. 

Anterior  nostrils  usually  without  tubes;  a   ntral  disk  very  small. 

nearly  under  the  eye ;  the  vent  close  behind  it. 

e.  Pectoral  tins  with  the  lower  lobe  well  developed;  gill  openings  in<iil- 

erate  or  small,  not  greatly  reduced.  Cakepkoctus,  7H7. 

te.  Pectoral  tins  not  notched,  the  lower  lobe  obsolete,  the  rays  progrcM^ 

ively  8hort«ued ;  gill  openings  reduced  to  a  small  iwre. 

GYBINICHTHVS,  788. 
AMITPIN^: 

aa.  Ventral  disk  entirely  wanting;  no  ventral  tins;  teeth  mostly  simple  in  the  adult; 
Yertebru3  nrd  fin  rays  in  large  number. 
/.  Pseudobranchiu)  present;  lower  lobe  of  ]>ectoral  produced.  Amitra,  789. 

/.  Pseudobranchiio  wanting. 

g.  Tipof  snout  without  barbel.  Pakalipakis,  7'.Ki. 

<jij.  Tip  of  snout  with  a  pair  of  barbels ;  snout  projecting. 

KUINOLIPABIS,  791. 


784.  NEOLIPARIS,  Stoindachuer. 

NeoliparU,  Stkinuachnek,  Ichth.  IJeitr.,  ill,  54, 1875  (mxieonia). 

Tliia  genus  ditters  from  Liparis  in  having  a  deep  notch  in  the  dorsal  fin 
anteriorly,  separating  the  spines  from  the  soft  rays.  The  species  approacli 
more  nearly  to  the  Cottoid  type,  from  which  the  i.,iparids  are  descended. 
In  general  the  vertehriu  are  fewer,  the  lin  rays  fewei-,  the  ventral  di.siv 
larger,  an«^  the  vertical  fins  better  separated  than  in  the  more  degenerate 
members  of  the  family.  The  retention  of  the  notch  between  the  dorsal.s 
fully  justifies  the  recognition  of  Neolipana  as  a  distinct  genus,  (veui. 
new;  Liparis.) 

a.  Gill  'ipening  very  narrow,  almost  entirely  above  base  of  pectoral,  the  lower  edge  not 
bi'ldw  third  i)octoral  ray. 
b.  Aniorior  nostrils  with  distinct  tubes. 

c.  Dor.sal  spines  iu  the  male  greatly  elevated,  not  connected  by  membranes 
except  at  extreme  base. 
d.  Dorsal  rays  about  25;  anal  23;  head  small;  ventral  disk  small. 

ATLANTICnS,  2442. 

dd.   Oorsal  rays  26 ;  anal  23;  head  larger;  ventral  disk  .comparatively  large. 

KUTTEKI,  24411. 

ec.  Dorsal  spines* not  especially  elevated;  dorsal  rays  34  to  36;  anal  rays  25  (d 

28;   lower  ,jaw  included;   form  rather  elongate,   the  head  depressed; 

ventral  disk  2,\  in   liead.    Color  pale,  irregularly  dotted  with  darker, 

sometimes  xilaiu  browui.sh.  callyouon,  2444. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      2107 


u  tbo  mlult : 


jwer  edge  not 


hh.  Anterior  iioHtrilH  with  u  rniHinl  rim,  and  witlioiit  diHtiuct  tiibcH;  hoiid  sliort, 
blunt,  4  in  length;  vtuitral  diHk  very  large,  IJ  in  head;  snont  blunt;  mouth 
very  short,  its  flef't  nlmoHt  entirely  initerior,  the  niaxiibiry  m-ureely  reach- 
ing eye;  dormtl  rayx  ;i°J;  anal  '20.    Color  plain  roHy  or  browniHb,  not  spotted. 

MUCOSUS,  'J440. 
aa.  Gill  opening  rather  large,  its  base  opposite  4  or  5  upper  rays  of  pectoral;  body  deep 
posteriorly;  nostrils  with  raised  rim,  but  without  distin.u  tubes;  ventral  disk 
moderate,  1\  to  'l\  in  bead;  head  about  ItJ  in  biMly,  de]ires8ed  above;  cleft  of 
iuouth  broader,  partly  lateral,  nearly  \\  in  head.  C(dor  plain  brownish  or  red- 
dish. 

e.  1)01  sal  VI,  27;  anal  21  to  23;  pectoral  30;  tiesh  lirni.      KU)K/K,2446. 

<'e.  Dorsal  VI,34;  anal3U;  pectoral  35;  llesb  lax.  oukicm,  2447. 

eee.  Dorsal  \'I,  28;  anal  20;  jiouCoral  30.  kissi'BATI's,  24)a. 

2442.  KKOLirAUlS  ATLAMICIIS,  Jordan  &  Kvermann,  now  species. 


Head  \l ;  depth  4  to  4A.     D.  VI,  25 ;  A.  23 ;  \\  30.     K 


lioad : 


> ,  snout 

3;  ventral  disk  IJ  to  2.  J{ody  widest  jit  ,';;ill  opening,  coinpiessed  posteri- 
orly; deepest  below  third  dorsal  spine;  head  broader  than  deep,  dt^pressed 
above  the  eyes;  mouth  narrow,  its  cleft  transverse  and  extendiuji?  to  ante- 
riornostril;  lower  Jaw  included;  teeth  tricuspid,  the  middle  cusps  hif>;hest; 
gill  openings  very  narrow,  the  lower  border  opposite  lirst  ray  of  ])ectoral; 
anterior  nostril  tubular,  the  tube  'i  of  eye;  posterior  nostril  witli  a  low 
flap;  skin  loose,  lying  in  folds.  Origin  of  dorcii'l  not  lar  behind  jiectoral, 
its  distance  from  tip  of  snout  \  its  distance  to  base  of  caudal.  Dorsal 
with  a  v«'rj'  shallow  notch,  the  spines  nearly  continuous  with  tiie  soft 
rays;  in  the  males  much  elevated,  the  tips  thickened  and  membranes 
deeply  incised;  the  first  or  longest  8))ine  as  Icig  as  head;  the  sixth  or  last 
not  quite  ^  head;  middle  rays  of  soft  dorsal  2  in  head;  dorsal  and  anal 
joined  to  base  of  caudal ;  caudal  nearly  as  long  as  head;  pectoral  almost 
reaching  anal,  slightly  longer  than  head;  lower  rays  exserted,  forming  a 
slight  lobe.  Color  reddisli  brown,  with  small  scattered  light  or  bluish 
dots  over  the  body;  tins  darker,  clouded  with  pale,  tlie  dorsal  broiidly 
edged  with  darker.  The  specimen  here  described,  37215  U.  S.Nat.  Mus., 
is  about  5  inches  long,  froni  Godbout,  Quebec.  Numerous  otlior  speciuuuis 
from  Salem  (20367)  and  Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts  (40118),  agree  with  this, 
the  females  having  the  lirst  dorsal  much  lower.  It  is  generally  common 
along  rocky  shores  from  Newfoundland  to  Cape  Cod.  This  species  has  been 
repeatedly  recorded  under  the  name  Liparis  montayui,  Donovan,  but  it  is 
not  identical  with  th<»  European  species  of  that  name.  The  published 
figures  of  N.monUKjtii  show  a  deep»^r  fisli  with  larger  head,  and  with  the 
spinoits  dorsal  very  low,  and  scarcely  tlistinct  from  the  soft  rays.  Day's 
figure  looks  remarkably  unlike  our  fish.  Unfortunately  the  European 
specimens  o{  Xeoliparia  mcntagui  in  the  National  Aluseum  are  all  too  small 
for  satisfactory  comparison.* 

Neoliparis  atlanticui,  Joudan  &  Evekmann,  new  species,  Godbout,  Quebec.    (Type,  No. 

37215.) 
Liparis  montayui,  Cdvier.  R6gne  Anim.  Ed.  i,  vol.  2,  227, 1817 ;  Joudan  &  Gilkebt,  Syuoji- 

sis,  743,1883,  in  part;  Gakman,  Discoboli,  47, 1892,  with  plate,  and  of  authors  generally. 


*  Dr.  Boulenger  has  kindly  sent  us  the  following  note  on  Liparis  montagui:  I  have 
examined  about  a  do/.en  of  oiiv  British  Lipari*  montaijxi.i.  of  i»ll  sizes  up  to  5  inches.  The 
anterior  dorsal  looks  very  iudistiiict,  has  no  detached  portion,  and  none  of  its  rays  are 
ever  produced  into  iilanieuts. 


-4  'if 


1  )■ 


in 


2108         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


Cycloiiterui  viimtaeuH,  Turton,  British  Fiiiina,  115,  1807;  after  Donovan. 

Liparis  gubiut,  CuviEU,  liugno  Auini.,  i,  227,  1817j  after   Go6i««,  MOlleh,  Zool.  Dan., 

IV,  16, 1808. 
Cj/cloptertu  lii>aroidei,  Kilh^on,  Prodr.  Iclitb.  Scaiid.,  62. 

Lepadocinter  cornubiensis,  Tiiomi'SON,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  Lond.  1835, 81,  Cornwall. 
Lipnris  reticulata.  Couch,  IJril.  risli.,  ii,  195,  186;i. 
Liparin  ek*tr'<mi,  LCtken,  Vid.  Medd.  Nat.  For.  KJobenli.  1805,  221. 
Liparis  maeulatus,  Malm,  Fiirh.  Kkand.  Naturf.  1865, 412. 
LipariH  viontagui,  with  varieties  principali$,  maeulatus,  annulatui,  ttriatun,    picfim. 

obaeuridi,  liparoidet  and  ekatromi,  Malm,  BoliuHliius  Fauna,  103,  1877. 
Prof.  Uobert  Coliett  (Cbristiauia  Yidenslc.  Solsk.  Fiirh.,  1870,  38)  has  assifpied  naiiuH 
to  the  many  color  variations  of  Neolipans  montagtd  as  shown  in  Norway,  as  follows: 
Var.  a.  prineipalis,  Coliett,  uuiforiu  colored;  liglit  red  yellow  with  microscopic  brownisli 

dots.    The  ommon  form  from  Christiania,  Stavanger,  Flor.,  tmear  liergen,  Konia^^.s- 

lijord  in  Fiuuiarken.    Liparis  montagtii,  Malm,  Giitlieborg  og  Bobusliins  Fauna,  •151, 

1877. 
Var.  b.  mandatus,  Malm,  dark  grayisli  yellow,  the  wliolo  body  strewn  with  many  rows 

of  small  l)rown  spots,  smaller  tlian  the  eye  an<l  sharply  deHned.    Bukn  and  Boiiuslau. 

Liparis  maeulatus,  Malm,  Fiirh.  Skand.  Naturf.,  0, 1803,  41'J. 
Var.  c.  anmdatus,  Coliett,  reddisli  gray  yellow,  witli  large,  irregular  red-brown  rings  of  tliu 

same  length  and  breadth ;  on  sides  of  lioad  the  rings  becoming  stripes ;  Cliristiansanil. 
Var.  d.  striatns,  Coliett,  color  of  e,  the  rings  drawn  out  into  lines ;  the  rings  only  seen  iu 

front  of  first  dorsal ;  abcmt  6  longitudinal  red-brown  stripes  from  gill  opening  to  caudal. 

Bergen.    Liparis  liti'tatus,  Malm,  Fiirh.  Sk.  Forh.,  9,  1863,  412. 
Var.  e.  j)ictM»,  Coliett,  as  in  striatus,  but  the  lines  very  numerous,  close  set,  irregularly 

vermiculate,  with  much  cross  netting  or  partial  rings.    Bergen.    Finmarken. 
Var.  f .  obseurus,  CoUett,  gray  brown  with  many  dark  brown  spots  and  specks  on  body  and 

fins;  irregular  cross  bands  on  caudal ;  back  almost  uniform  gray  brown.    Ilardangev 

Fjord. 
Var.  g.  liparoides,  Nilason,  uniform  dark  gray  brown,  the  color  given  by  innumerable  dark 

points ;  trace  Of  baud  at  tip  of  caudal ;  paler  below.    Hardanger,  Oefjord  in  Fiumarkeu 

Tromso.    Oijclopterus  liparoides,  Nilsson,  Prodr.  Ichth.  Scand.,  62,  1832. 
Var.  h.  ekstromi,  Malm,  dark  brown,  sides  strewn  with  grayish  yellow  small  spots  which 

extend  on  vertical  tins.    Bohusliin.    Liparis  ekstromi,  MaLM,  Fiirk.  Sk.,  Naturf.,  0. 

1863,  412. 
These  are  evidently  mere  color  forms,  expressing  the  range  of  variation.    Similar  color 
forms  may  bo  seen  in  most  of  the  bright-colored  species,  j^'tJc/ieHi/ji,  agassizii,  aleuticut. 
They  sire  not  in  any  i>roper  sense  subspecies,  having  no  geographical  bases  or  separate 
lines  of  descent. 

2443.  IVEOLIPABIS  BDTTEBl,  Gilbert  &  Snyder,  new  species. 

Head  3f ;  depth  4^.  D.  VI, 26;  A.  23;  P. 30;  eye  5  iu  head;  snout  2jf; 
vtuitral  disk  1|.  liody  widest  at  gill  opening,  gradually  tapering  poste- 
riorly, deepest  below  third  dorsal  spine;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  4  in 
head.  Head  broader  than  deep,  its  depth  at  occiput  6  iu  body.  Mouth 
narrow,  its  cleft  ulniost  wholly  transverse,  extending  to  vertical  from 
anterior  nostril;  lower  jaw  included;  teeth  tricuspid,  the  middle  cusp 
highest,  arranged  in  10  oblique  series  on  each  half  of  the  upper  and  the 
lower  jaws.  Gill  opening  very  narrow,  restricted  to  the  area  above  base 
of  pectoral.  Anterior  nostrils  tubular;  posterior  uostrils  with  a  low  rim, 
the  anterior  i)art  of  which  is  elevated  into  a  triangular  flap.  Skin  loose, 
lying  in  folds  and  Avrinkles.  Origin  of  dorsal  at  i  the  distance  from  tip 
of  snout  to  caudal ;  rays  of  tirst  dorsal  (in  the  types  which  are  apparently 
all  males)  st-parate  Jilmost  to  base,  each  ray  bordered  with  a  thick  mem- 


'i 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2109 


brano,  tbe  margin  thas  formed  aoinetimea  incisod,  prodncing short,  rounded 
lobos;  firHt  spine  highest,  itn  height  contained  \\  in  body,  the  succeeding 
spines  gradually  growing  shorter,  the  sixth  contained  11^  times  in  bG.ly. 
Height  of  second  dorsal  near  its  middle,  3  in  head;  dorsal  and  nnal 
joined  by  membranes  to  base  of  caudal,  the  anal  more  broadly  Joined  than 
the  dorHal,  attached  to  basal  fifth  of  lowest  caudal  ray;  caudal  rounded 
posteriorly,  its  length  41  in  body;  origin  of  anal  below  first  ray  of  sec- 
ond dorsal;  heiglit  of  anal  a  little  less  than  that  of  dorsal;  pectoral 
(extending  to  a  vertical  crossing  body  halfway  between  anna  and  origin 
of  anal  tin;  length  of  pectoral  5j^  in  body,  its  upper  part  rounded  posteri- 
orly ;  the  iifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  rays  from  below  elongated,  with  exserted 
tips,  forming  a  short  lobe.  Long  diameter  of  ventral  disk  6  in  body. 
Vent  slightly  nearer  to  margin  of  disk  than  to  origin  of  anal  tin.  Color 
bluish  slate,  lighter  along  middle  of  sides;  belly  and  gill  membranes 
whitish;  pectorals,  anal,  and  posterior  half  of  dorsal  very  narrowly  edged 
with  whit(*;  rays  of  tirst  dorsal  indistinctly  barred.  In  the  following 
tiible  the  measurements  of  3  specimens  are  expressed  in  hundredths  of  the 
length  of  the  body : 


Fiumarkeu 


Length,  in  niillimoters,  to  l>aae  of  caudal  fin. 

Length  of  head  in  body 

Depth  of  body 

Distance  from  snout  to  dorsil 

Distance  from  snout  to  anal 

Depth  of  caudal  peduncle 

Length  of  snout 

Diameter  of  eye 

"Width  of  mouth 

"Width  of  gill  opening 

Height  of  first  dorsal  ray 

Height  of  dorsal  tin  near  middle 

Height  of  anal 

Length  of  pectoral 

Longitudinal  diameter  of  disk 

Length  of  caudal 

Number  of  dorsal  rays 

Number  of  anal  rays 

Number  of  pectoral  rays 

Number  of  caudal  rays 


No.  1. 

37 
28 
20 
33 
50 

7 
10 

5 
11 

4i 

18 

8 

0 

18 

15 

18 

A'1,26 

24 


No.  2. 


44 

20 
20 
31 
47 

7 
11 

5 
12 

5 
23 

74 
7 

20 
16 
10 
VL20 
24 
30 
12 


No.  3. 


r.o 

27 
23 
34 
48 

8 
11 

5 
12 

5 
22 

8 

7 
21 
10 
20 
VI,  26 
23 
30 
13 


Neolipari8  ruttet'i  is  closely  related  to  the  Atlantic  species,  Neoliparis 
atlanticus.  It  differs  from  it  in  the  longer  head,  and  the  comparatively 
larger  ventral  disk.  The  2  species  differ  from  all  other  known  specii^s  of 
the  genus  in  having  the  dorsal  spines  in  the  male  greatly  elevated  and  not 
connected  by  membrane  exei'pt  at  extreme  base.  From  A^. /oiyi;  and  ^'^ 
greeni,  N.  rutteri  differs  also    ii  having  a  much  smaller  gill  opening  and 


i 


w 

BJRv."'' 

1 

1 

'f/.     • 

f 

J 

'-  it" 

» 


2110  BiiUctin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


fewer  dorsal  rayn ;  and  from  N.  mucoaus  in  having  the  pectoral  more  deeply 
nntt-lied  and  the  anterior  nostrils  witli  a  tulte.  Kadiak  Island,  Alaska. 
Known  from  numerous  sjiccimcns,  the  longest  fil  mm.  in  length.  (Gilbert 
&  Snyder.)  (Named  for  Cloudsley  Kutter,  nt»w  of  the  U.S.  Fish  CommiM- 
sion  who  colleeted  in  Kadiak  in  1896.) 

tieoUparis  rutteri,  (Jn.iiERT  &.  SwDKli,  MS.,  FiHliuH  of  Kndlak,  Ugah  Bay,  KadtDk  Island. 
((;oll.  Cloiulsloy  lintter.     Typo,  No.  6701,  L.  H.  Jr.  Univ.  Muh.) 


2444.  NKOLIPAUIS  CALLYOMON  (rulliiH). 

Head  3.1 ;  depth  4*.  D.  VII,  33;  A.  2(i;  pectoral  31 ;  eaudal  14  to  16;  eye 
6.1;  Huout  2.J. ;  pectoral  IJ;  ventral  disk  2i ;  caudal  2.  Body  modttrately 
elongate,  compressed  posteriorly;  depth  of  head  1}  in  its  length,  breadth 
H;  mouth  ratlier  large,  the  maxillary  buri«!d  under  the  skin,  reaching 
slightly  past  anterior  edge  of  eye;  teeth  small,  tricuspid,  in  ab<mt  H 
oblique  rows;  snout  blunt  and  rounded;  interorbital  space  wide  and 
slightly  convex;  posterior  nostril  ending  in  a  short  wide  tube,  the 
anterior  nuich  smaller;  behind  the  posterior  n'stril,  over  anterior  edge 
of  eye,  is  a  mneous  pore;  length  of  gill  opening  twice  the  diameter  of  tln^ 
eye,  its  lower  third  in  front  of  pectoral,  extending  down  to  the  second  or 
third  ray;  vent  Jibout  midway  between  posterior  edge  of  ventral  disk 
front  of  anal;  pectorals  short  and  broad,  with  the  usual  notch  below, 
reaching  slightly  past  vent;  ventral  disk  a  little  longer  than  broad,  its 
distance  from  tip  of  lower  Jaw  equaling  its  diameter;  origin  of  dorsal 
directly  ov<'r  vent,  a  shallow  notch  sejtarating  its  spines  from  its  rays; 
front  of  anal  nnich  nearer  snout  than  base  of  caudal,  directly  under  dorsal 
notch ;  dorsal  and  anal  scarcely  joined  to  caudal ;  caudal  long  and  slender, 
rounded  behind.  Among  our  specimens  are  2  types  of  coloration ;  the  lirst 
is  uniform  light  olive  brown  on  back,  wh'te  below;  fins  all  colorless;  the 
other  is  light  brown  on  back  and  sides,  everywhere  spotted  with  blackish 
spots  irregular  in  size;  lower  parts  light;  pectoral  with  indistinct  dark 
cross  markings;  dorsal  and  anal  mottled  and  spotted  with  blackish, 
darker  posteriorly;  caudal  very  dark,  black  posteriorly;  lips  dusky. 
Coasts  of  Alaska  and  Bering  Sea,  west  to  Kamchatka;  generally  common 
on  rocky  shores;  recorded  from  St.  Paul,  Kamchatka,  Plover  Bay,  Siberia, 
Unalaska,  and  Kadiak;  our^pecimens  from  the  2  islands  last  named;  the 
description  from  Unalaska  specimens  collected  by  the  Aliatroas,  th(* 
long(^st5  inches  long.  This  species  is  «^vidently  the  original  Ci/clopttrus 
mUyodon  of  Pallas,  as  is  shown  by  the  coloration,  the  small  mouth,  and 
the  reduced  size  of  the  gill  openings.  It  difters  from  Neoliparis  muco8U8  in 
the  much  smaller  ventral  disk,  the  presence  of  nasal  pa^iillic,  as  well  as 
in  proportions  and  coloration.  (HitXAoi,  beauty;  odovi;,  tooth,  from  the 
tricuspid  teeth  which  Pallas  had  never  before  seen  in  a  fish.) 

Cycloptcrus  callyodon,  Pallas,*  Zoogr.  Kcsso-ABiat.,  in,  75,  ISU,  Kamchatka  and  Aleutian 
Islands. 

*Tlie  following  i«  the  miltstnnre  of  the  nreoiint  given  by  I'nll.is:  Dorsal  33:  anal  24: 
candal  15;  branchiostejiiilM  6;  <lor8al  and  anal  iinw  (•(»ntiniieil  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  cau- 
dal. Body  oblong,  conii)r(^s8ed  :  the  head  depre.ssed  ;  the  snont  much  depressed,  rounded; 
lower  Jaw  incliidiMl.  Teeth  with  [i  distinct  lobes ;  a  slender  bone  from  tne  eye  to  the  pre- 
operculum:  gill  openings  reduced  to  luuato  spiracles,  on  each  side;  ventral  disk  small 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2111 


litfk  Island. 


I  and  Aleutian 


Liparis  ealliiodoii,  GOntiirr,  Cat.,  in,  162,  1861 ;  Dean,  Pruo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1881,  247,  271 ; 
JOKUAN  &  UlLliEUT,*  Synopsis,  743, 1883. 

2445.  NEOIilPARIS  MlJt'OSIIS  (AyroH). 

H«imI  4  in  length;  depth  4*.  D.  VI,2fi;  A.  20;  poctoral  29;  caudal  12; 
eyn  7  in  head;  »uout  3;  ventral  dink  1^;  ]iect(>ral  !;{;  l(>U|reHt  dorsal 
ray  2;  hi^lu^Ht  anal  ray  2;  (-andal  IJ.  Body  not  fj;rt''itly  donga t«",  rather 
robnst,  conipresHed  poateriorly,  lioMing  itu  width  well  past  middle  of 
body;  head  short  and  thick,  broader  than  body,  ^  longer  than  broad,  its 
length  Ij^  times  its  de])th;  nioutli  small,  truncate,  its  ch-ft  almost  entirely 
anterior,  scarcely  extending  laterally;  end  of  maxillary  buried  under  the 
skin,  bandy  reacbin,'^  to  eye;  nostrils  not  ending  in  tubew;  lower  jaw 
slightly  the  shorter;  teeth  sharp,  tricuspid,  the  middle  cusp  mucli  the 
highest  and  longest,  arranged  in  9  obli((ue  series  in  eiieh  Jaw,  bec(miing 
more  and  more  oblique  toward  tlie  sides;  interorbital  space  moderately 
wide,  about  3^  in  head,  a  little  c<mvex ;  gill  slit  not  extending  below  upper 
edge  (tf  pectoral,  its  length  about  1^  times  eye  and  3  in  ventral  disk.  ^*ec- 
toral  broadly  rounded  when  spread,  its  notch  comparatively  very  shaliow, 
its  tip  ranching  past  vent  but  not  to  notch  in  dorsal;  ventral  disk  large, 
slightly  longer  tlian  broad,  its  posterior  margin  almost  midway  between 
its  .anterior  and  front  of  anal,  its  anterior  margin  \  its>  length  from 
chin;  dorsal  with  a  shallow  notch;  origin  of  fiu  over  i)08terior  nnirgin  of 
ventral  disk,  its  longest  rays  in  its  post<'rior  half;  origin  of  anal  a  little 
nearer  snout  than  base  of  caudal,  the  last  4  or  .5  rays  rapidly  shortened, 
making  the  tin  truncate  behind ;  dorsal  and  anal  scarcely  joined  to  caudal ; 
caudal  long  and  slender,  rounded  behind.  Color  olive  brown,  light  below ; 
indistinctly  mottled ;  dorsal  and  anal  darker  at  their  margins;  pectorals 
uniform  dark  brown;  caudal  light,  with  indistinct  cross  lines;  lips  dark. 
Coast  of  California.  Here  described  fr(»m  the  only  specimen  known  to 
us,  5  inches  in  length,  from  near  San  Francisco.  It  is  now  in  the  ccdlec- 
tion  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  (No.  360).  Collected  by  H.  D. 
Dunn,  otf  San  Francisco,     {mucoaiia,  slimy.) 

Liparis  wutco*M«,t  Ayres,  Pfdc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  i,  1855, 24,  San  Francisco  (Coll.  W.  O.  Ayres) ; 
GUntheii,  Cat.,  ui,  559, 1861 ;  Steindachneu,  Ichth.  Hcitr.,  ni,  54,  1875;  Jordan  &.  Gil- 
bert, Synopsis,  744, 1883  j  description  copied  from  Steindachneb. 

lAparit  miico»us,  Garman,  Ui.scoboli,  52, 1892,  with  pl.ites,  figures  and  description  in  part; 
account  of  tlie  gill  openings  apparently  taken  from  LiparU  fiorcn. 

Xeoliparis  mueosus,  Jordan  &  St  arks,  ProcCal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 832,  pi.  xcv. 

2446.  NEOLIPARIS  FLOR.G,  Jordan  &  St.trks. 

Head  3^  in  length  of  body;  depth  at  ventral  disk  5i;  depth  under  mid- 
dle of  soft  dorsal  4^.     D.  VI,  27;  A.  21  to  23;  caudal  15;  pectoral  30; 

between  the  branchiostegals;  dorsal  commencing  a  little  behind  the  gill  opening.  Yel- 
lowish brown  above;  skin  everywhere  with  brown  dots;  a  silvery  streak  from  the  upper 
jaw  through  the  eye  and  o)iercle8.  Kamchatka;  common  along  the  shores  and  about  t^e 
(Aleutian)  Islands.     (Pallas.) 

*  Described  from  a  small  specimen  with  Injured  fins  lately  reexamined  by  us,  in  the 
collection  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  Unalaska.     (Coll.  A.  Greenebaum.) 

tThe  description  of  Ayres  is  not  very  full  and  miuiht  apply  almost  e(|ually  well  to 
Liparis  florce.  The  account  of  the  head  (4  in  length)  aiid  the  eye  (nearly  C  in  head)  point 
rather  to  the  present  species  as  dues  also  the  description  of  the  lax  skin.  Steindachner's 
account  seems  also  to  refer  to  the  present  s])ocie8,  although  few  of  the  really  distiuctivo 
characters  are  lueutioucd  by  him. 


r.i         \ 


2112  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


oyo  7  in  head;  iutororMtal  space  2J;  maxillary  2A;  pectoral  l';  ventral 
disk  1\.  l{()dy  moderately  eloujjat*',  much  compressed  posteriorly,  altout 
as  wide  as  deep  anteriorly,  its  greatest  depth  under  middle  of  soft  dorsal 
where  th(!  back  is  elevated.  Flesh  very  Hrm,  the  hody  retaining  its  form, 
the  skin  loose  but  not  ilaccid.  Mead  small,  the  nape  not  produced ;  mouth 
moderate,  the  maxillary  extending  to  beh)w  the  anterior  margin  of  orbit; 
jaws  subequal;  teeth  tricuspid,  arranged  in  series  which  are  nearly  trans- 
verso  on  middle  of  Jaws,  becoming  more  and  more  oblique  toAvard  the 
sides,  the  outermost  series  nearly  i)arallel  with  the  sides  of  jaws;  nostrils 
ending  in  a  short,  wide  tube;  gill  opening  short,  extending  downward  to 
about  the  fifth  pectoral  ray,  its  length  about  \  interorbital  space;  oper- 
cle  ending  in  a  llap,  which  extends  over  middle  of  gill  opening;  ventral 
disk  slightly  longer  than  Avide,  its  distance  from  tip  of  lower  jaw  li 
times  its  length;  vent  etiuidistant  from  posterior  edge  of  ventral  disk 
and  front  of  anal ;  skin  thick  and  not  very  loose.  Origin  of  spinous  dorsal 
a  little  in  front  of  the  vertical  from  vent,  its  distance  from  snout  3  in 
length  of  body;  anterior  part  of  dorsal  separated  l)y  a  notch;  origin  of 
anal  about  equidistant  from  snout  and  base  of  caudal  fin ;  some  of  X\w 
lower  rays  of  pectoral  produced  forming  a  notch  in  the  lower  posterior 
margin  of  fin,  the  fourth  to  the  tenth  of  the  upper  rays  the  longest,  form- 
ing a  roundeth5)oint  behind,  extending  slightly  past  the  vertical  from  snout ; 
dorsal  and  anal  scarcely  connected  with  the  caudal;  caudal  long  and 
slender,  rounded  behind.  Color,  a  uniform  dark  olive  green,  under  parts 
white,  a  light  streak  medially  along  back  from  dorsal  to  occiput,  a  light 
spot  over  opercle ;  pectoral  light  at  base,  dusky  behind ;  other  fins  colored 
like  the  body;  lips  white.  The  specimen  described  above,  4  inches  long, 
taken  in  rock  pool  on  Waadda  Island,  Neah  IJay.  A  second  specimen, 
about  5  inches  long,  is  in  the  museum  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences. It  was  collected  off  San  Francisco  by  Mr.  H.  D.  Dunn.  In  this 
specimen,  the  dorsal  rays  are  VI,  27;  anal  2.5;  pectoral  30;  caudal  15; 
teeth  blunt.  Flesh  firm;  form  and  color  of  the  young  example  above 
desci'ibed.  San  Francisco  to  Pugct  Sound.  (Named  for  Mrs.  Flora  Hartley 
Greene,  then  assistant  curator  of  the  museum  of  Lelaud  Stanford  Jr.  Uni- 
versity.) 

lAparis  cyelopue,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  743, 1883 ;  not  GCnther. 
Neoliparis  florae,  Jordan  &.  Starks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  830,  pi.  96,  Waadda  Island, 
Neal.  Bay.    (Type,  No.  3133,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.    Coll.  E.  C.  Starks.) 


2447.  XE0LIPARI8  OREEM,  Jordan  &  Starks. 

Head  3|;  depth  4;  depth  at  disk  5.  D.  V^  34;  A.  30;  pectoral  35; 
caudal  15;  eye  small,  about  10  in  head;  snout  2f ;  longest  pectoral  ray  IJ; 
disk  2^]  longest  dorsal  ray  2^;  longest  anal  ray  2^;  caudal  If.  Body 
elongate,  posteriorly  compressed ;  profile  undulate,  over  snout  blunt  and 
roynded,  depressed  over  eyes,  well  rounded  from  eyes  over  occipital  region. 
Skin  thin  and  exceedingly  loose  nearly  to  the  end  of  the  dorsal  and  anal 
rays.  Jaw8e(jual;  maxillary  extending  to  posterior  margin  of  eye;  teeth 
small,  nearly  simple,  depressible  and  blunt,  slightly  hooked  hack,  arranged 
in  oblique  series,  those  in  the  front  running  nearly  straight  in,  but  toward 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  -7orth  America,     2113 


the  BidoB  of  the  jaw  they  grow  more  and  rnore  ohiiqne  till  they  are  nearly 
parallel  with  the  Jaw  at  the  Bides;  Hupurior  pharyngeal  teeth  conical  and 
sharp,  slightly  longer  than  the  ti-eth  in  the  jaws,  arranged  in  a  single 
round  patch  on  each  side;  inferior  pharyngeals  separate,  with  Buiall  teeth. 
(Teeth  probably  tricu8i)id  in  the  young.)  Posterior  nostrils  in  a  short, 
widetulto;  clioeks  well  rounded;  gill  rakers  short  and  thick,  no  longer 
on  the  outer  side  of  tho  first  arch  than  on  the  «)ther  arches,  fourth 
arch  not  free;  gill  slit  short,  its  l(;ngth  contained  about  '^  times  in  head, 
its  lower  cdgo  extending  in  front  of  pectoral  to  about  the  third  ray; 
oporcles  with  a  blunt  spine  which  is  covered  by  the  skin.  Dorsals  2,  con- 
nected by  a  low  membrane;  first  dorsal  about  twice  as  high  as  anterior 
part  of  second  dorsal ;  the  first  rays  of  pectorals  inserted  under  eye  and 
in  front  of  disk;  the  anterior  rays  short,  graduated  to  the  sixth  ray, 
which  is  about  4  times  longer  than  the  first,  the  next  few  rays  again  short 
and  gradually  lengthening  posteriorly;  posterior  rays  ^  longer  fhan  ante- 
rior, fin  broadly  rounded  behind;  ventral  disk  nearly  round,  ita  posterior 
edge  reaching  the  vertical  from  gill  slit,  its  distance  from  tip  of  lower  Jaw 
1^  times  its  length;  caudal  truncate  or  slightly  rounded;  vent  under  ends 
of  pectorals.  Color,  in  alcohol,  uniform  brown,  breast  arl  lower  parts  of 
head  creamy,  fins  slightly  darker.  When  fresh  the  sides  were  blotched 
with  pinkish.  Esquimanlt  Harbor,  near  Victoria,  Vancouver  Ishind; 
known  only  from  the  type,  10  inches  long.  (Named  for  Mr.  Ashdown  H. 
Green,  of  Victoria,  president  of  the  Natural  History  Society  of  that  town.) 

Xeoliparis  greeni,  Jokdan  cfe  Starks,  Proc.  Gal.  Ac.  Sci..  189!),  829,  pi.  90,  Victoria,  Van- 
couver Island.    (Typ6,  No.  3010,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.    Coll.  Aslulown  H.  Green.) 


2448.  NEOLIPABIS  FISSURATl'S,  Starks. 

Head  3i  in  body ;  depth  4^.  D.  VI,  28 ;  A.  26 ;  P.  .36 ;  C.  14 ;  eye  7  in  head ; 
maxillary  2^;  ventral  disk  2^.  Body  moderately  elongate,  not  produced 
at  nape;  mouth  rather  large,  the  maxillary  extending  to  below  middle  of 
eye;  JaAVS  subeciual;  te(*th  tricuspid,  arranged  in  about  10  oblique  series 
in  each  Jaw;  nostrils  ending  in  short,  wide  tubes;  gill  openings  wider  than 
in  any  other  known  Xvollparis,  commencing  a  distance  above  pectoral  about 
equal  to  the  diameter  of  eye,  ending  about  opposite  the  fourteenth  ray ;  ven- 
tral disk  a  little  longer  than  wide,  its  distance  from  chin  equal  to  1|  its  long- 
est diameter,  its  posterior  edge  about  the  same  distance  from  front  of  anal; 
vent  nearer  anal  than  ventral  disk,  its  distance  from  anal  equal  to  i  ven- 
tral disk.  Origin  of  spinous  dorsal  at  the  vertical  from  midway  betwei^n 
vent  and  ventral  disk ;  dorsal  scarcely  Joined  to  caudal,  anal  very  slightly ; 
front  of  anal  nearer  chin  than  base  of  caudal  by  a  distance  equal  to  ven- 
tral disk ;  pectoral  rather  short  and  wide,  reaching  to  opposite  front  of 
anal,  the  lower  lobe  very  narrow  and  long,  much  longer  than  npper  lobe, 
but  not  reaching  so  far  i)ostt^riorly  on  account  of  the  obli«iue  position  of 
the  fin;  tip  of  lower  lobe  reaching  to  vent;  length  of  caudal  If  in  head. 
Color  dusky,  darker  above,  sides  with  fine  punctulations ;  belly  and  under 
parts  of  head,  except  chin,  white;  lips  dusky;  dorsals  and  anal  darker 
than  body ;  pectoral  dusky  at  base,  the  lower  lobe  dark ;  caudal  crossed 
with  wavy  dark  lines.    This  species  ditlers  from  the  other  species  in  this 


■'a 


I, 


,» 


2114  IJulUiin  ^Yy  Unikd  Stales  National  Museum. 

RcniiH  in  haviiifr  ft  wider  gill  opoiiinj;,  ^nA  in  varioiiB  minor  cliaracters. 
Lun^th  2^  incli*'8.  i'ugot  HOund;  only  the  type  known.  (Starks. )  {jtg. 
suratiin,  Hplit. ) 

Neoliparii  flKMUiahii,  Starks,  Pron.  ("al.  Ac.  .Soi.  1890,  ."iBO.    (Typo,  No.  iJ044,  L.  S.  Jr.  Cniv 
:^iiH.    Coll.  K.C.SturkH.) 


II 


785.  LIPARIS"  (.Vrtrdi)  Soopoli. 
(Ska  Snailh.) 

TApari$,  Artbdi,  Gttnora,  117, 173R  (iionliinoniial). 

('l/elogagter,  Ghonow,  Mus«nni,  170.1, 157  (noiiliiiioniliil). 

Liparit,  ScopoM,  Intrutl.  ]Il«t.  Nnt.,  45U,  1777  ('iiiarU). 

LiparU,  Cuviek,  U<^;;lle  Aniiu.  Ed.  1,  1S17  {liparin;  not  Liparis,  Oc)ifi«nhoiiiior,  1810.  a 

goiniH  of  Lepidoptern). 
Cyelixjaster,  (litoNow,  Cat.  Fishes,  Ed.  Gray,  40, 1854  (Hpam;  not  of  Macquart,  1854,  ii 

gonus  of  Hies). 
Aetinochir,  (tii.L,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sol.'Pliila.  1804, 193  {major). 
(Jareliparii,  G  ARM  an,  UUcoboli,  .50, 1802  (aooMtizii) . 
Ltjrbjurn,  JORDAN  &  EVERMANN,  Chock- List  FishoM,  451, 1896  {pulchellu»). 

Body  rather  elongato,  covered  with  smooth  skin,  which  is  usually  freely 
movable;  he.->!i  sliort;  flattened  aI>ov(^;  nioutb  horizontal,  the  jaws  e(|iiiil 
or  the  lower  Jaw  included;  teeth  in  several  sorics,  close  set,  always  moic 
or  less  tricusjjid,  the  adult  with  tlie  outer  cusps  often  worn  or  oliliterutod; 
maxillary  covered  by  skin  of  preorbital  region;  anterior  nostrils  tubiilur 
or  not ;  ventral  «li8k  well  developed  on  the  breast,  its  front  below  or  behim! 
the  middle  of  the  head,  its  surface  with  13  lobes;  an  anterior  median  lohu. 
and  1  corresp(mding  to  each  of  the  (I  rays  in  each  fin;  each  lobe  with  a 
horny  papilla  covering,  which  is  sometimes  lost;  vent  well  behind  tlio 
head,  about  midway  between  the  sucking  disk  and  anal  liu;  dorsal  lin 
continuous,  undivided,  its  spines  not  ditferentiated;  caudal  well  de 
velopt^d;  dorsal  fin  free  from  caudal  or  Joined;  pectoral  broad,  procurrcnt 
at  ba.se,  emarginate  and  free  at  tips,  some  of  the  lower  rays  produced; 
vertical  fins  envelojjed  in  the  lax  skin;  vertebra*  35  to  55.  Northern  sea.s 
near  the  shores;  the  species  less  arctic  in  distribution  and  in  general 
inhabiting  shallower  water  than  is  the  case  with  CareproetuH  and  Parn- 
liparia,  a  fact  associated  with  the  reduced  number  of  vertebra*  in  Liparis. 
The  species  are  num«>rous,  but  in  general  well  defined,  their  characters 
varying  with  age.  In  most  of  the  species  color  varieties  occur,  several 
{pulchtlliia,  Hparis,  aUuHcua,  agmxizii)  having  the  body  often  marked 
everywhere  with  concentric  curved  stripes  or  rings.  (Xinafjoi;,  sleek- 
skinned.) 

Con<'erning  the  species  of  Liparis  (including  NcoUparis),  Mr,  Garman 
observes : 

The  fishes  placed  in  this  genns  are  mostly  small ;  in  genor.al  their  outlines  resemble 
th<).'*e  of  larval  anurous  batrachians.  The  anterior  portion  of  the  body,  containing  the 
abdominal  chamber,  is  usually  short,  broad,  flattened  beneath,  and  somewhat  angular 

*  Enantiolipans,  Vaillant,  is  ba.sed  on  palUdiii,  an  Antarctic  species  with  the  pectoral 
very  iiarruw  and  not  emarginate ;  would  aeem  t<>  be  distinct  from  Liparis. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America,      2115 


1.8.  Jr.  I'liiv 


toward  tlio  ilorHat  tin,  wliilii  tlio  liiii<U<r  part  Ih  cilonuati^,  mix-li  rniii)>roHHt<(t,  nni)  tnp)>rlnK. 
Thn  more  iiiiportniit  of  tliu  iliHiinttuiHiiinK  tenliintH  inay  bit  Hiiiiiiiiiiri/i>il  uh  I'oIIowh:  lloitil 
Hliort,  broad,  roiindud;  Biioiit  abort,  blunt;  moiitb  antttrior;  lipH  diHtinrt;  tontli  Htimll, 
niinieroiifl,  in  it  cardirorni  band,  tricimpbl  on  iiititniiuxilbiriitM  and  dcntary,  Hinipliv  on 
plmrynKealH;  eyes  bitoral,  Hniall  to  nit<dliiiii;  noHtrilH,  2  on  iMich  hIiIo,  witb  Hliort,  project- 
ing liibtm;  olt'ac.tory  iicrvn  Hhort;  brain  rlongato;  gbiHHohyid  riidiiiicntary  or  abHt-nt :  \/,W* 
:i  doiibbt  and  I  Hin(;b<;  Kill  rakorn  witb  di'ntirlcH;  pMoiidobranclila-  prcHcnt;  gill  opt'iiniK 
Hinall,  abovo  tlii>  iicctornl;  brancliioHlcKal  ra.vH  0;  liraiicliial  niciiibrani'H  not  t'rcin;  tnbtm 
and  pori'Hot'tbo  lateral  HyHtoni  forward  of  tbn  ^ill  ap(>rtiiro;  dorsal  and  anal  <'lon;;ati', 
more  or  Iohh  cloHidy  united  witb  tlio  caudal,  wilb  Honio  antitrior  nvyn  iiiiHiiKincntpd  ;  pcc- 
toralH  broad,  jiroviirrent  under  tlio  tbroat;  ventraln  traimfornied  into  an  udlieslve  dJHk, 
Hitiiiited  below  tbe  ^ills  between  tlie  jmetoralH;  Hkin  tbin,  loOHely  attacbod,  Hiiiootb.exeept- 
ing  a  Hexual  ontgrinvtli  on  nialeH  in  breeding  neaHon ;  HtonuK'li  Hi]ibonal;  pyloric  eiecn 
iiiiinerouH;  iiititHtine  elongate;  urinary  bladder  large,  Hiniple;  kidneyH  long,  fimed  a  ]tor- 
tion  of  tbeir  length;  livi-r  largo,  witli  partial  dlvlHlonR  into  IoIich;  gall  bladder  Niiiall, 
rounded;  skeleton  not  beavily  oHHllied,  Ichh  in  deo]i-8ea  fornut;  upper  limb  of  (U'eoperi'ii- 
liiin  expanded  bnekward;  0])uri:uliini  Hinall;  Hiibopcrciiluni  narrow;  iiiteroiierciiluiii  elon- 
gate, Htyliforni;  tliird  Hiihorldtal  produced  backward,  in  a  long,  slender  procenH,  to  the 
liinder  edge  of  tlie  preoperculiiin. 

Tbe  speoieH  of  hi\>afiii  inliabit  tbe  colder  waters  of  tlie  norlli  and  of  tbe  Hoiitliof  botb 
Atlantic  and  Pacific,  ranging  to  great  deptlin.  Among  tliose  frequenting  tbe  Hbores,  if 
not  also  tbe  otlici'H,  vegetation  Heenia  to  form  a  portion  of  tlie  food.  Tbe  coiitentH  o;  tbe 
HtoniacliH  are  miitcellaneoiiH  bits  of  small  marine  aninialH  (crimtacen,  worms,  inolluHkH, 
small  tlslies,  etc.),  mixed  with  wbicli  are  <|uantitieH  of  seaweedn.  Some  variation  exlHtn 
in  regard  to  feeding  liabitH  among  the  dill'erent  species.  The  teeth  of  some  hIiow  no 
HigDH  of  wear  from  hard  food,liutin  L.  f/n/(!i>«M.<  they  are  ground olf  and  blunted,  no  doubt 
by  contact  with  the  hard-Hhellod  cruHtacea  and  haid-scaled  agonoid  lisbes,  reiiiains  of 
which  are  found  in  the  Htoniacbs.  Very  likely  Tj.  2iulcheUvii  tiirns  bin  peculiar  snout  to 
accoant  by  rooting  in  the  nuid  or  sand  among  tbe  iilants,  or  in  turning  over  tbe  pebbles. 
Certain  specioH  are  fitted  for  a  life  in  beils  of  seaweed,  othorH  are  probably  more  abundant 
iu  rocky  places. 

LiPARls : 
a.  VertebriB  in  moderate  number,  about  39;  dorsal  rays  about  35;  anal  rays  27  to  30. 
b.  Gill  openings  very  narrow,  entirely  above  baHO  of  pectoral;  pectoral  rays  from  34 
to  37;  head  a  little  sbortc^r  than  broad,  and  a  little  longer  tliandee]);  dorsal 
and  anal  sliglitly  Joined  tocaiulnl;  caudal  narrow,  its  rays  12.     lipahis,  2449. 
bb.  Gill  openings  broad,  the  lower  part  considerably  below  bane  of  upper  ray  of 
pectoral, 
c.  Pectoral  rays  30;  head  low,  tiattish,  J  longer  than  broad,  J  broader  than 
deep;  jaws  suboqiial;  dorsal  free  from  caudal,  which  is  slightly  joined 
to  anal;  caudal  narrow, of  12  rays.  cyclopus,  2450. 

ee.  Pectoral  r.ays  41  to  43;  head  short, not  quite  as  wide  as  long;  caudal  15  to 
2U;  the  uorsnl  and  anal  slightly  joined  to  its  base.  fucensis,  2451. 

Carki.iparis  (Kapa,  head;  LiparLs): 
aa.  Vertcbrtc  about  46;  dorsal  rays  39  to  44;  anal  rays  33  to  3C;  dorsal  and  anal  largely 
joined  to  caudal. 
d.  Pectoral  rays  30  to  36. 

e.  Gill  op(^ning  small,  its  lower  edge  not  below  first  ray  of  pectoral;  nostrils 
small,  the  tubes  short  or  alisoiit. 
/.  Posterior  nostril  scarcely  tubular;  fins  plain,  no'  distinctly  mottled  or 
barred ;  body  robust ;  its  color  plain  brownis.        with  dark  spots. 
g.  Dorsal  rays  39  or  40;  anal  33;  pectoral  30  to  3«.      TUXiCATfS,  2452. 
gij.  I)or,sal  rays44;  anal  35;  pectoral  37.  heiischelinus,  2453. 

ff.  Posterior  nostril  tubular,  fins  more  or  less  mottled  or  barred,  body 
mwlerately  elongate;  lower  rays  of  pectoral  rather  short,  not  J  bead, 
not  reaching  beyond  ventral  disk :  body  mottled  usually  with  con- 
centric rings.  AGASSiKii,  2454. 


■   ''k 


JllO  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Afuseum, 


Hi 


ill 


(K.  (Mil  oimnliit;  r>tli<<r  UrgA,  oxtraillttK  ilownwaril  to  nboiit  fourth  my  of 
pactorni ;  noNtrlU  with  Mhort  tiihca;  lowrr  lobe  of  iiexitonil  lontc,  rejii  li 
iiiK  much  li<<yonil  illiik,  nearly  to  vmit;  color  brown,  the  b<iily  itnil  Huh 
inottliMl  iinti  <'louilm1.  dknnyi,  'iv>!>. 

dd.  !>tM-tornl  rityH  42;  kHI  o|h>i>1uk  liir|{n,  ItH  lower  itil^tn  below  n))|mr  piirt  of  |m-( 
(oral;  liody  roliiiHt,  triiuMliio'nt,  covuri'tl  with  roiin«l  vrinmon  N|)otH. 

fVCLOMTUlMA,  •J4.Vi. 

rtrtrt,  X'eriobrip  u'tont  Vi;  ilomnl  ray*  43  to  48;  nnnl  rnyii  38  to  40;  pectoral  rityn  34  (o  .i;  ; 
tlorMiil  inul  nnnl  litruely  Joined  to  ciuiilal ;  g'H  opunintt  liirKe,  about  l[  ttn  leiiKlli 
beforo|Kic'oral;  anterior  noittril  tubular. 
Lvot.ii'AiilH  (Aviu,  toKoHen;  lAparit): 

h.  HimmI  bnmi.  Ilntteneil  above;  body  rn(hor  olonKnto;  akin  UHiially  with  wavy 
coiiO(>ntrlv<  lonKididlnal  atreakH,  Honiethnea  apottod.       i'UM'iiiu.i.UH,  2467. 
^RTiNociiiR  (oKTi>,  ray;  x«<P.  hand;  from  the  broad  iMHstoral): 

hh,  UeiMl  hi|{h,  boldly  rounded,  with  proniiuont  nape;  <^olur  olivacooua,  olonded 
And  dotted,  but  without  wnvy  H(roaka.  MAJOh,  24.'m. 

Subgenua  LIPARIS  (Artedi)  Scopoll. 

844l>.  LIPAItlS  MPAItIM*  (Liunaua). 

.  (Ska  Snaii-.) 

Head  3i;  depth  3A;  D.  33  to  35;  A.  27  to  20;  noctornl  34  to  37; 
oaddal  12  to  14;  vort.  38  or  39;  ca'ca  10  to  13;  brauc.iioHtegals  G.  Hody 
moderately  stoat,  Honiewliat  high  on  the  Hhonhh^rs,  romprcsHed  behind  tho 
body  cavity  in  tho  caudal  portion,  which  is  dottp  and  rather  thick  ante- 
riorly, tapering  rapidly.  Hody  proper  about  A  of  the  entire  length  to  t\w 
base  of  the  tail.  Length  of  the  head  little  less  than  its  width,  a  little 
more  than  itsdepth.  8nontHhort,  broad, blunt,  nearly  3^  times  in  the  head, 
very  convex  in  the  intornasal  region.  Mouth  moderate,  maxillary  reach- 
ing a  vertical  from  the  eye,  lower  jaw  shorter.  Teeth  small,  paved, 
alternating  in  the  different  rows,  tricnspid.  Lower  lip  interru])ted  in  the 
middle,  i  >t  more  oi  its  length.  The  fold  above  the  upper  lip  with  6  to  X 
notches  below  the  opening  of  the  pores.  A  series  of  6  pores  on  each  side, 
from  the  mithlle  of  the  fold  above  the  npper  lip  passes  backward  and 

*  Prof.  Robert  (Joliett  (Chriatinnia  Videnak.  Selsk.  Forh.,  1879,  No.  1, 42),  deflnea  the  chief 
color  varieties  of  thia  apecies  na  aeen  in  Norway,  aa  followa : 
Var.  a.  antimilit,  ('ollett:  uniform  light  reddiafi  gray,  the  dota  microacopic.    Chriatiania. 

JJukn,  Stavanser,  Lofoten;  wcarce. 
Var. b.    stdlatus,  Malm:   uniform  light  gray  brown,  the  flna  with  vertical  dark  cross 

Imud.s;  dota  larger.    Christiauia,  VaUao,  etc.    Lii)arix  atellatua, '^la.hu,  l<'urh.  Skand. 

Nat.,9, 1863,  412. 
Var.  0.  »uh/u»cu.i,  Collett:  almoat  uniform  ground  color,  with  dark  pointa;  light  red  cron.-* 

banda  on  tina;  body  faintly  marbled.    Christiauia,  Faraund,  Varanger. 
Var.  d.  tcorpioiden,  Collett :  color  pale,  with  lar;;o.  irregular,  dark  apota.    Varnnger. 
Var.  e.  ititxtut,  Collett:  apottod  andatriiwd;  dark  apota  on  tina;  along  aidea  and  on  Aiih 

interrupted  dark  atripea:  ring-like  linea  on  head.     Lofotou. 
Var.  f.  decorus,   Collett:  atripcd  and  spotted;    tina  spotted;    notable  atripea  on  aidea. 

Gliristianaund  and  Lofoten. 
Var. g.  Bcriptut,   Collett:  atripcd,  the  dark  stripes  larger  and  more  conspicuous,  the 

atreaka  of  ground  color  fainter.   Bnkn,  (JhrLstiania. 
Var.  h.  linealun,  Kriiyer:  strijied  with  8  to  10  violet  longitudinal  atripea,  alternating  with 

pale  atreaka  ot  tlie  ground  color.    Liparu  Unfatut,  Kriiyer,  Nat.  Tidskr.  1847,  284. 
Var.  i.  arcticui,  ('(dlett:  uniform  brown;  grayish  golden  brown  with  many  dark  points, 

whicli  make  the  surtiu^e  dark.    Tromao,  Spitzbergen,  Magdalene  Bay,  lu  Greenland. 
Var.  k.  fu.iouit,  Collett;  uniform  blackiah  brown,  very  dark.    North  Cape,  Spitzbergen, 

Greenland, 
Aa  notice<1  under  Npoliitarit  montar/Kt,  thcao  variationa  seem  to  have  no  taxonomic 
value,  being  prodncta  of  the  immediate  surroundings. 


w-  i ' 


Jordan  and  Enrniann. — Fisfti's  of  North  Anwriai.      -117 


D  taxonomic 


nirvflH  lip  liuliiiiil  tlio  oyu;  another  mTics  of  7  on  uiicli  Hiilo  ])iihhcs  from  tlin 
iiihIiIIo  of  tbu  ('hill  Imtk  iintl  iipwiiitl  lowaril  tlio  iippui-  uil^'u  of  tliu  gill 
opening.  Kyo  Hiiiall,  nearly  aH  Ioiik  aM  tlir  Hnont,  containud  I  ^  tiiut^N  in 
tiie  length  of  tin*  head,  or  irNH  tliuii  twii'*>  in  tiiu  convex  interorbltal 
Hpar«>.  N'aHal  tiihiileH  Hliort;  jioHterior  Miiialler  lietweeii  the  eyen;  anterior 
fai'tlier  forward,  larger.  A  large  pore  iH  Hilnuted  a  Hhurt  dlHtant-e  in  front 
of  the  iioHtril  toward  tiie  ti)>  of  the  Hiioiit.  Oill  openingH  narrow,  not  an 
wide  nH  the  eyi-,  al>ove  tlio  bane  of  the  poctorul.  Nape  and  HhoiildfiH 
high.  ClieeliH  HWidlen.  Sliin  Hniootli,  tliin,  eanily  deta«-hi'd.  DorHaland 
anal  tiiiH  rlHiiig  gradually,  the  rayH  attaining  their  grfat<<8t  lieight  in  the 
iiinder  tlilrd  of  tlif  length,  united  witii  the  raiidal  by  nienilirtine.  The 
Hcparation  of  tiie  li  liiiH  is  leNH  niariird  tlian  in  .V.  nuntttigui,  ho  nitich  ho 
liiat  it  Ih  dilllciilt  ill  Home  ttineH  to  determine  wliether  lertiiin  rtivs  itelong 
to  the  candal.  PoiHal  noteli  Hhallow  or  aiment,  numt  noticeable  in  tlie 
lirceding  HeaHOU.  TirHt  lay  little  farther  liack  than  the  opercular  angle, 
or  the  Iiinder  edge  of  the  (IIhU  ;  .">  or  <i  of  the  anterior  rayH  crooked  and 
twiHted,  and  without  apparent  Hegmentation.  Evidently  thoHO  rayH  are 
atl'ected  by  a  niii>tial  growth,  which  in  not  ho  patent  above  the  skin,  on 
the  endH  of  rayH,  an  in  other  HpccieH.  In  the  anal  the  lirnt  ray  in  about 
oppoHite  tho  Heveiith  or  eighth  ray  of  the  doiHal ;  the  tin  extends  farther 
baek  than  the  latter,  reaching  under  noaily  ^  of  tho  caudal.  Caudal 
Hlightly  rounded  posteriorly,  tho  longcHt  rayH  lidng  ^  to  jj  of  length  of 
the  head.  Disk  Hiibcirciilar,  i  aH  hmg  as  the  head,  eipial  tho  ilintance 
from  tho  chin,  Ichh  than  the  dintance  to  the  anal.  Vent  nearly  halfway 
from  <liBk  to  first  anal  ray,  which  latter  is  halfway  between  the  snout  and 
the  base  of  the  oaiidal.  The  position  varies  in  the  sexcH.  The  bo«ly  cav- 
ity is  longer  in  the  females,  and  the  vent  is  farther  back;  this  applies  to 
all  the  species,  rectorals  broatl,  deeply  notched  below  the  middle  of  the 
hind  border;  rays  of  the  lower  ])ortion  extending  beyond  the  membrane, 
a  couple  of  the  longer  Hometimes  reaching  almost  as  far  back  as  the  vent. 
A  slight  fold  of  the  skin  unites  the  fins  in  front  of  the  <lisk.  Olive  to 
brown,  light  to  dark,  puncticulate  and  clouded,  bl)itoh«>d,  banded,  vor- 
miciilate,  or  longitudinally  striped  with  darker  and  with  lighter.  In  life 
the  tints  vary  from  lilac  to  reddish  or  yellowish,  with  spaces  on  (certain 
individuals  often  nearly  wliito,  and  every  variety  of  coloration  may  be 
taken  in  a  single  locality.  This  being  the  <-asc,  it  is  thought  b(>st  to  treat 
the  striping,  freckling,  banding,  etc.,  merely  as  marks  of  individual  vari- 
ation, and  not  as  characters  indicating  established  varieties.  On  the 
striped  specimens  the  number  of  lines  vary  gn-atly,  of  the  spotted  ones 
no  two  are  alike,  and  the  same  is  true  of  every  other  pattern.  Most  often 
there  are  blotches  on  the  posterior  portions  of  tho  anal  and  the  dorsal ; 
freciuently  they  take  on  the  appearance  of  transvcise  bands,  as  is  still 
.more  often  tiie  <'aso  on  the  caudal.  (Garman.)  North  Atlantic,  on  lioth 
shores;  north  to  Sjiitzbergen,  south  to  Connecticut  and  France;  most 
aluindant  in  Northern  Europe.  Variable.  **  The  specimens  in  the  museum 
at  Cambridge  were  secured  from  the  Cheshire  coast  and  other  points  in 
Great  Britain,  from  Ostend,  and  from  various  localities  off  tho  coast  of 
Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  and   Maine.     A  small  specimen,   with  tho 


Ul  IS  Diilli'lin  /7,  (/nitt'd  S/a/rs  National  Afiixntm. 


u> 


'•I 
'I 


•I 


luialil.v  'Oil'  Hlork  IhIuiiiI,  from  a  |M<i't<>ii,'  tliiit  iimy  Im>  pimitivoly  idiuiii 
lltul,  liuai'H  pt'Oiiliar  iiinrkiii^H:    rruiii  Miu  tip  ui  thu  hiumiI  u  wliito  linr 
paHHt'H  altovt)  llio  !<><)  to  iiioet  itM  I'ttlluw  ol'  tilt'  upponite  Hide  at  the  hnniu 
iiiii^  of  tlii>  iloi'Hal,  wliit'li  \h  wlilt<«;  and  a  wliiti*  Bjiot  aH  lar^;«  an  tli»  oi  liii 
uxtundH  downward  and  nliglitly  backwtiid   from   th<«  4\vr^.     'rii<'H«  marks 
are  very  diMtim-l,  and  tli«,v  jj;ivo  tli«  Hpi'cinicii  <|nito  a  didVmnt  appear 
ani'f  tVoni  that  of  anotlittr  of  thu  Haino  Hi/,i>  and  origin,  nuifurm  in  coiurii- 
tioii."     ((iarnuin.)     (Kn.) 

lAjiiirin  niiHra*,  U'M.t.rnniiv,  lllHt.  I'Ihc,  A|i|i.,  17,  KIHO,  Ii»h(mI  on  u  •imh^Iiuou  t»kuu  Beii- 

ti  iiiIm'I-  is,  lOHS,  li.v  l>r.  >roliiiai)ii. 
Li/iarit,"  Abtkih,  Dcm  r.  H|i<'4\  PIm*-.,  117,  17:tH,  afh^r  \Vii.i,imiiiiv, 
lApaiiH  i-,iettiya»ter,  iinonow,  Miih.,  157,  170H. 
Viieli>iileni» liimriM,  Linn.kum,  8vBt.  Nut.,  Eil.  xn,  i,  414, 1780,  Northern  Ocean ;  nftor  A ii ri:i .i 

mill  (iiio.M)W. 
fV'"/''*'""  liiieatvn,  LEi'KriiiN,  Nov.  Comm.  rolropol.,  xvill,  1774, 6'J2,  White  Sea. 
I.iiniiit  U/iarit,  CrviKii,  ]{^'»^tll•'  Aiilni.,  Kd.  i,  vol.  2,  ^27.  IH17;  ( Jahman,  DUcidioll,  57,  igU'j 
(luhiiiH  mtiiirnciiiilii,  nuNN.VTKiiiiK,  Kiic.vcl.,  l('lit..(UI,  17.'t8;  ul'tcr  Lki'K.cimn. 
Vijeliiltti-nis  iiiiiMciihis,  LACKPf'.in:,  IIIhI.  Nut.  I'olnn.,  iv,  (WII,  IH()2,  near  Havre. 
Lijiiirit  vulijiiriH,    Ki.KMiNd,    IJrit.   Aiilin.,    UK),   IH'2X;    (ilNiiiKit,    Cat.,  in.   l.'Ml;    LIItkk.n, 

Naliirli.    Koioii.  Niili'iiHk.  Mo<I(1(0m,  IHOo  aiiU  1801, 24;i|  (Joixicrr,  Nornoi*  Fl»ki',  187,'i,  (;.■, 

•lOHDAN  A:  (lil.llKKT,  8,VII0|)Hix,  74?,  IHHII. 

lAparis  roiniiiiiiiin,  Sahink,  .\|>i>.  1'iiit\'m  Voy.,  1824. 

I.ipaihhitrhaluii,  I'.K.sTUiiM,  Vet.  Ak.  Handl.,  188,  pl.  6,  lrt:i2  (D.  .12,  A.  32,  (Ml,  pprliaim  ;. 

iliH'ei'i'iil  H]KM'I<>B). 
lApaiit  ophidoideu,  NwainhoN,  "Unt.  IIImI.  KIhIioh,  ii, ;I3!),  1830. 

LijiarU  lineatii$  miUtiMtriutim,  1,1'tken,  Naliirh.  Koreii.  VIcIh.,  1881,  pl,  7  (striped  Pxainplo 
Liimrin  stellalus,  Mai.M.,  Forli,  Skaiid.,  Natiirli.,  1805. 
7,iyi(u I*  ?i (i('a/i/.v  witli  variation.^,  aauimiliK,  Ktellafim,  .•dih/iisviin.  neorpioiilfii  inixtut,  ili'ci- 

nis,  Honptuii,  Uncatvs,  arcticnx,  niid/««oi/«(;()LLETi ;  \id.Helsk.,  Fiiili.,  Christ,  1,  41. 


i 

'I 


<  J 


ii 


I'.'! 


.;[ 


;f 


2450.  LlP.iUIS  CYCIiOPrH,  (iiiiither. 

Head  \\-;  depth  1.^1.  D.  HI;  A.  2!t;  pectoral  HO;  caudal  12.  Hoti.v 
nuu'h  doprcHHcd  aud  rather  broad  anterioil.v.  dtiop  and  much  coniproascd 
poBteriorly ;  head  ^  lon<rer  tlian  broad  and  h,  broader  than  deep.  i-'loHh 
much  more  firm  aii<l  the  Hkin  less  lax  than  in  must  species  of  lAimrh. 
Operdea  witli  a  rather  strong  8])ine  concealed  by  tiieskin;  month  rather 
largo,  terminal;  Jaws  Hiibequal;  teeth  small,  tricnH]iid,  in  broad  bandH; 
eye  small,  1)  in  Iiea«l;  snout 3,  tiattisli  and  broad  above;  intcrorbital s])ac(« 
4ii  in  head;  ventral  disk  oval,  2^  in  head.  Its  anterior  edge  h  tiie  length  oC 
the  eye  behind  postorbital  margin;  gill  o]iening  moderate,  3^  in  head, 
extending  downward  to  the  third  or  fourth  ray  of  pectoral.  Dorsal  tin 
low,  continuous,  not  Joinetl  to  caudal,  beginning  sliirhtly  before  anal,  on 
a  vertical  with  vent;  vent  midway  between  edge  of  ventral  disk  and  front 
of  anal.  Pectoral  (in  emarginate,  the  upper  lobe  Ijf  in  bead,  the  lower  L', 
the  shortest  intervening  rays  3.  Anal  long  and  low,  barely  Joined  to  can 
dal.  Caudal  1^  in  bead.  Color  olivaceous,  darker  above;  body  an<l  pec 
toral  fin  finely  speckled  with  olive  brown;  lins  dotted;  bases  of  the  hn.s 
paler  than  their  tips;  belly  white.  Bering  sea  to  Pnget  Sound,  not  com- 
mon; our  description  from  two  spi^cimens  4^  iuchea  long,  in  excellent 


*  Uarman  ghea  detailed  synonymy  of  this  species  in  Discoboli,  67, 1802. 


Jordan  ami  livirmanu. — /'is/us  of  North  Amviica.     LM  V^ 


rt'l.v  idmiti 
wlliro  liiir 
tll«  ll«t^ill 
tH  tlio  urhiti 
u'N«  murks 
flit  uiiptttir 
1  iu  culura 

lou  tkkuu  Soil- 


;  nt'tor  AiiTKi'i 

te  Sea. 

'olioll,  R7,  181IJ. 


IMI;     LCIKKV, 


('.  U,  |>(<rlia|iH  .1 


i|l(i(l  CXttlllllll'i 

f  iiiixtut,  (/ic. 
(Christ.  1,41. 


[    12.     Ho«l.\ 
;oiii|)r«HS(il 

eop.  I'lesli 
of  lApaiis. 

oiith  latlii  r 
>!ul  bunds; 
bital  8i)ii('i' 
e  loiigth  ol 

'Ak  ill  head. 
Dorual  lin 

)ro  aunl,  on 
k  and  front 
ho  lower  L', 
nod  to  can 

dy  and  pec 
of  the  hnn 
d,  not  coni- 

n   oxoollent 


condition,  tnkt'n  in  Klliot  Hay,  nt>ur  >Soatth<,  rncrlvod  from  tli<«  YoiinK 
NaturaliHtN'  Soriot.v.  They  ar«)  uiiinlionHl  ItlL'fi  in  tint  r««K>'*t*^t'  of  tho 
litdand  Htanfttrd  Jr.  I'liivorHity  MnHcnni.  'I'IiIh  hihtIch,  not  liavin^  Ihmmi 
provionHly  r««-o){ni/,»il  Hint!*'  ItH  oriKimil  <li*Hcri|ition,  in  rotuirdiMl  iiy  |)r. 
(lillutrt  from  UnalnHkn,  iiiid  2  Hpi-rinKiiH  from  HriNto]  May,  AiaHka  ( .(//><(- 
IroMM  Mtatiun  '.i'J'AO,  drptli  lij  fiiMionis).  (iarman  pla<;i<H  /..  iifvlofiiiM  in  tlio 
Hynonymy  of  /..  lalljiodon,  hnt  onr  Hpi't-inirnH  artt  nndonltt«ully  dlHtinrt 
from  till)  HptM'ioH  dimrriluMl  )»y  (iarman  under  thiH  name  (DiHcoboli,  ]>.  Ttl, 
pi.  (I,  li^H.  I-;')),  from  a  Hp«uini«tn  Hai«l  to  orij^inato  frcnn  Sun  I'raiM-iHCo. 
Our  AlaHka  HpcciniunH  aro  nnirh  inort>  HJi-ndcr,  with  wi<l<'  «lt>pr<-NHtMl  ht^ad, 
withont  niiohal  tduvation,  with  tlio  dornul  tin  br^inninu  ptrnterioriy 
nli^litly  in  front  of  tiio  vertical  from  tlievtint,  and  tht^  <liHk  Hoparated  fr<nn 
the  v«>nt  by  a  distance  Ichh  than  itn  own  diameter.  Tho  nioutli  is  uIno 
mindi  Knnilier,  not  at  all  oiditpie,  itH  an^lc  in  atlvance  of  verticiil  from  front 
t)feye.    Not  yet  recorded  from  California.    (^rii'^Aof,  roundc«l;  ttoi'?,  foot.) 

lAparis  cficUiiiiiK.'  (i('NTiiKit,  (.'ill..  III.  lit'J,  IHtll,  Esquimault  Harbor,  Vancouver  Island; 

JOKKAN   &   .StAKKH,  I'liir.  <  'ill.  .\i'.  Sci.  1H(».",  8114,  J)!.  117. 

1VA,  MI'AUIS  Kl't'OSIS,  liiUMTt. 

Head  I^  to  3^;  depth  4  to  \i.  1).  V,  30;  A.  2H  «ir  21);  V.  18  or  20;  I'.  .SV  to 
39.  liody  moderately  elongate,  coni|)rcHHed  ;  head  dt^treHHcd,  with  gibboiiH 
Knout  and  oecipnt,  Hcparated  by  the  depresned  iiiteroiidtal  area,  which 
fornirt  a  Hhallow  trauHverHe  groove.  Snout  not  blunt,  tlic  month  terminal, 
nearly  hori/ontal,  with  iuclmh-d  mandible,  the  maxillary  reaching  to  <n- 
nearly  to  the  vertieal  from  front  of  pupil,  3  in  head.  Teeth  all  tricu8)iid. 
Kyo  of  moderate  si/.e,  contained  T)-^  in  length  of  head,  1  to  \\  timoK  in  bony 
interorbital  width,  Ig  timeH  in  anoiit.  PoHtcrior  nostril  withont  tube,  the 
anterior  with  a  Hhort  tube,  Iohh  than  diameter  of  pu])il.  (iillHlit  com- 
paratively wide,  its  width  equaling  length  of  snout  and  .1  eye,  over- 
lapped by  a  conHpi<-nou8  triangular  prolongation  of  the  opercle.  The  Hlit 
extends  down  to  opposite  the  npper  third  of  the  pectoral  tin.  Dink  eir  .i- 
lar,  of  rather  small  size,  distant  from  tip  of  snout  1.V  times  its  own  diame- 
ter, from  vent  \\  times.  Diameter  of  disk  2!j  times  in  head.  Distance 
from  tip  of  snout  to  vent  VI  to  Ijf  in  distance  from  tail.  I'ectorals  extend- 
ing to  a  vertical  midway  between  vent  and  front  of  anal.  Lower  rays 
produced,  forming  a  narrow  distinct  lobe.  First  5  dorsal  rays  spinous, 
unsegmeuted,  shorter  than  the  succeeding  segmented  rays,  from  which 


1892. 


*  The  following  Is  tlio  originiil  (los<Tii)tion  of  TAjiariK  ciielopug:  Dorsal  32;  iiiiiil  HO-, 
caudal  12.  Ciimltil  tin  t-nlirtilv  t'reo  .t'ruiii  dorxal  and  anal;  tlio  lattor  cuiiiniuiicoH  in  the 
vertical  fnmi  tli«  Hsvonth  dorHiil  ray;  pectoral  iniirjjin  with  a  notch,  bouio  of  the  lowt^r 
rays  hehif;  produced;  ventral  disk  ovate,  its  lunuth  lieing  Ichh  than  ^  of  that  of  the 
head.  A  tine  spt'ciiiien.  EHi|iiiinault  Harbor.  l're.>*ente'l  by  Lord  John  KusHell.  Tiiis 
species  aj^rceM  in  nearly  every  reHjx'ct  with  Liparii  vulyarig,  from  whic))  it  ditl'ers  in  the 
following  pointH  bcsiilcs  those  mentioned:  The  greatest  denth  of  the  body  is  nearly  J  of 
the  total,  the  length  of  tlie  head  nearly  J.  The  sKin  is  toucher  and  more  flriuly  adherent 
to  the  body.  The  head  in  Hat  above,  the  na])eof  the  neck  being  scared  v  prominent.  The 
nostril  is  a  hhort  tube,  situiited  nearly  raidwiiy  between  the  eye  and  the  upper  lip.  The 
pectoral  ext^'nds  only  to  the  vertical  from  the  anal  papilla,  and  the  dorsal  (anal)  lin  com- 
mences yet  more  backwiird.  The  teeth  iire  himiiU,  with  ;i  lobes,  lufraorbital  extending  to 
the  prooper<;uliiiii.    The  color  is  browni.sh  olive,  with  darker  spots,  more  conspicuous  on 

tint  tins  than  on  the  budy;  bolly  I'uddlaL.    The  luugtli  of  the  spuciuiea  deauribcd  is  45 
lines.    (Giiuther.) 


2120 


Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


M 


they  ii''«  not  separnted  by  notoh.  Dorsal  and  aiinl  irec  from  tho  caiKliil 
tbo  last  rays  boiiif;  rapidly  Bhortened,  j;ivinjj  a  roiiudcd  contour  to  tho 
posterior  portions  of  the  2  fins.  Two  styles  of  coloration  are  oliservcd; 
1  plain  olive  brown,  with  niiuuto  dark  points,  whitish  below;  tlio 
other,  with  numerous  leu^thwis*.  streaks  of  li^ht  <dive  and  dark  olive 
brown,  which  (extends  forward  on  toj)  and  sides  of  In-  id;  in  both  caseis 
the  belly  is  whitish,  and  the  iins  dusky,  mottled  witl.  «larker,  the  mot- 
tliiiK's  forming'  indistinct  cross  bars  on  the  caudal  '  Niiuierons  speci- 
meuf  dredp;ed  by  the  Alhalrosa  in  the  i^traits  of  r  u -a  (August,  iMitl), 
serve  as  the  types  of  this  species.  It  is  probably  the  same  as  that 
described  by  (jarnian  as  lAparis  vaUi^dou,  his  description  beinjj;  based  on 
specimens  "said  to  have  been  taken  near  Han  Francisco.''  It  is  not  evi- 
dent from  the  text  whether  the  same  specimens  served  as  basis  foi-  the 
fifiur«8  (pi.  6,  ligs.  1  to  5),  concerning  which  we  have  no  independent  data. 
This  locality  may  bo  correct.  The  numerons  types  of  Dr.  Gilbert's  exant- 
ined  by  us  are  in  a  collection  made  by  the  AlbalroHs,  about  I'ort  Annelcs 
in  the  Straits  of  ,Juan  de  Fuca.  It  has  not  been  yet  lecorded  from  Alaska. 
Mr.  Ciarman  identides  this  species  with  the  callyodon  of  I'allas,  but  acconl- 
ing  to  I'.'Uas  liis  species  had  the  gill  openii<g  reduced  to  a  lunate  spirado 
which  is  not  the  case  in  Liparia  fuceiiaia.  (fucenaia,  from  the  Straits  of 
Juan  do  Fuca.) 

Lijmris  calliodon,  Garman,  Discoboli,  64,  1892,  locality  unknown,  thought  to  be   San 

Franc'sco;  not  Cijelopte rut  callyodon  ol  Pai.las. 
x.ij>ari.»/««M«i.«t,  GiLliKP.T,  Kept.  U.  S.  Ftsli  Coniiii.  1803  (1896),  447,  Port  Angeles,  Straits 

of  Juan^de  Fuca,  at  Albatross  Station  3451,  in  106  fathoms.     (Ty]ie,  No.  48600.) 


■I  t 


"^.ili 


2462.  LIPARIS  TUNIC'ATUS,  Reiubardt. 

D.  39;  A.  3b;  P. 30;  V.7;  C.  14.  Body  elongate,  subterete;  ))el]y  promi- 
nent. Iload  thick,  obtuse,  depressed  behind,  convex  in  front.  Mouth 
narrow;  the  jaws  eciual;  Jaws,  suborbital  region,  and  gills  with  small, 
v/hite  points.  Eyes  small,  lateral;  nostrils  4,  tubulate.  Gill  opening 
small,  linear.,  Dorsal  fin  and  anal  united  to  caudal;  <'audal  cuneate. 
Skin  lax,  slippery.  Color  dusky,  the  Hesh  reddish,  showing  through  the 
skin.  Length  1^  Hngprs.  (Fabricius.)  Coiu't  of  Greenland.  This  descrip- 
tion ditt'ersfrom  later  ones  in  ascribing  more  rays  to  the  caudal,  and  tubes 
to  the  nostrils.  According  to  Mr.  Garman,  the  description  of  Ltpariafa- 
bricii,  Kriiyer,  refers  to  the  same  species.  The  following  is  its  substance: 
D.  13 +  27=:=  40;  A.  2  + 30  =  32;  P.  34;  C.  U;  Vert.  •.'1.  Hea<l  4  in  length, 
higher  than  broad,  the  snout  elevated,  truncate,  lowe..  jaw  shorter;  ante- 
rior nostrils  simple,  the  posterior  with  raised  rim  or  witj  very  sho/ttube; 
eye  3  in  head ;  teeth  tricuspid ;  ventral  disk  olli])tical,  9  in  length  of  body ; 
dorsal  and  anal  connate  with  caudal,  which  is  6  to  8  in  total  length.  Ashy 
above,  shaded  with  bluish  or  orange,  spotted  with  Idackisi  pale  beljw. 
Greenland  (Kriiyer,  description  of  Liparia  fahricii)  Liparis  rctica,  Gill, 
is  apparently  the  same  as  L.  fahricii.  The  following  is  the  s>.')stance  of 
the  description:  Head  4  in  total  length;  depth  2J;  dorsal  42,  anal  *; 
caudal  11;  jiectoral  35.  Forehead  depressed,  snout  rather  high  md  de- 
curved;  the  eyes  arc  just  within  the  anterior  half  of  the  head;  th  ^  inter- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     -121 


orbital  is  contained  3  timos  in  thohead;  tliu  iintorior  nostrils  are  niiuple, 
the  posterior  tulmlar;  tlio  dorsal  and  iinal  aro  connato  with  tlie  caudal, 
the  I'onnor  united  for  about  \  of  the  length  of  the  caudal,  the  latter  if ; 
caudal  convex  behind  and  forms  \  of  tlu>  len<;th,  the  ])cctoral  5t^;  ventral 
disk  10.  Color  uniform,  rusty  brown  or  chestnut,  without  spots  or  bands. 
Port  Foulke,  Greenland  (Gill).  Wc  have  seen  no  specimens,  and  follow 
authority  in  regarding  Fabricins's  count  of  the  caudal  rays  as  probably 
an  orror,  Garman  uses  the  name  tumcaiua  instead  of  viinor,  apparently 
regarding  the  original  use  of  the  latter  name  as  simply  tliat  of  the  abjec- 
ti/e  meaning  smaller,  not  us  part  of  tlie  binominal  nomeuclaturo.  {tiini- 
cataa,  bearing  a  cloak.) 

Oycloptenig  liparit  minor,  Fabhicius,  Fauna  Grmnlanilica,  135, 1780,  Greenland  ;  D.  39 ;  A. 
33 ;  P.  30 ;  V.  2 ;  C.  14 ;  not  binomial,  minnr  being  merely  an  nd.joctive,  uienning  smaller. 

Liparis  tunicata,  Reiniiakdt,  Overs.  Kong.  Dansko  Vidonak.  Sclak.,  vi,  cxi,  1830,  Green- 
land ;  after  Fabukuus;  Gakman,  Discoboli,  65, 1892. 

Liparis  fabricii,  KrOyer,  Naturh.  Tidsskr.,  u,  274, 1847,  Greenland;  1).  XIII,  27 ;  A.  II,  30; 
P.  34;  C.  9;  Vert.  46;  (JOntheh,  Cat.,  ill,  161,  1861;  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila. 
1864, 102. 

Liparit  a rctica,  GiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  1864, 191,  Port  Foulke, Greenland;  Jordan  &.UUr 
UEBT,  Syuopois,  742,  1883. 


2453.  LIPABI8  AOASSIZII,  Putman. 

Head  3*;  depth  4.  D.  39;  A.  31;  pectoral  34;  caudal  12;  eye  6  in 
head;  iutororbital  2A^ ;  snout  2^;  ventral  disk  Ig ;  pectoral  IJ;  caudal  If. 
Body  elongate,  compressed  i)08teriorly,  about  as  wide  as  deep  anteriorly; 
head  as  deep  as  broad,  ^  longer;  mouth  moderately  large,  the  maxiUary 
reaching  slightly  past  front  of* eye;  lower  jaw  included;  teeth  small,  tri- 
cuspid, arranged  in  8  or  9  oblique  rows,  which  grow  more  oblii[ue  toward 
the  sides;  snout  broad  and  blunt,  slightly  overhanging  the  mouth ;  nos- 
trils ending  in  tubes,  the  anterior  tube  wider  and  longer  than  posterior; 
nape  high  and  prominent,  scarcely  produced;  gill  opening  short,  its  lower 
i  or  J  in  front  of  the  pectoral,  extending  downward  t.  about  the  second 
or  third  ray,  its  length  a  little  greater  than  width  of  eye.  Ventral  disk 
slightly  longer  than  broad,  its  distance  from  end  of  lower  Jaw  If  its 
length,  its  posterior  margin  scarcely  midway  between  its  anterior  and 
front  of  anal ;  vent  nearer  posterior  margin  of  di,=ik  than  front  of  anal ; 
pectoral  broadly  rounded  behind,  the  notch  made;  by  the  produced  lower 
rays  shallow,  end  of  iiu  reaching  to  the  vertical  from  front  of  anal ;  origin 
(»f  dorsal  just  over  posterior  edge  of  ventral  disk,  its  distance  from  snout 
about  3  in  body,  slightly  joined  to  the  caudal  posteriorly;  origin  of  anal 
nearer  to  snout  by  a  distance  c(|ual  to  length  of  snout  posteriorly  joined 
to  the  caudal,  the  tips  of  the  last  rays  reaching  nearly  to  the  middle  of 
caudal  rays.  Color  olive  brown,  irregularly  marked  with  dark  brown 
spots  the  size  of  pupil;  belly  white;  top  of  head  darker  than  bodj';  dorsal 
spotted  like  the  body;  spots  on  anal  in  the  form  of  indistinct  bands;  pec- 
toral marked  Avith  interrupted  irregular  streaks ;  a  wide  dark  band  across 
middle  of  caudal  rays,  2  or  3  other  narrow  streaks  across  caudal.  Here 
described  from  a  specimen  collected  by  the  Alhatroan  at  Station  3247,  in 
Bristol  Bay,  Alaska,  in  17  fathoms.  Its  length  is  nearly  3  inches. 
303(> 56 


2122  DiiUdin  //,  Uniied  States  National  Museum. 


Iv 


\l\ 


The  following  is  G.'irman's  deecriiitlon  of  a  speciinon  which  was  10  inches 
in  loni^th: 

Head  4i  in  total  length;  depth  over  t.  D.  41  (41  to  44).  A.  33  (32 
to  35);  pectoral  38  (35  to  3H);  i-andal  12;  vertel)rin  \'iS.  Mody  elongato. 
rather  Iohs  inflated  anteriorly  than  the  other  Liparids,  greatly  coniprcssod 
jtosteriorly.  With  the  exception  of  tlie  disk  the  appearance  is  very  niiicli 
the  same  as  that  of  the  Cottoida.  Tota!  length  2|  times  tlie  distance  from 
snout  to  vent.  Head  moderately  broad,  depressed  anteriorly,  slightly 
convex  in  transverse  section  through  the  frontal  region;  sncmt  broad, 
blunt,  rounded,  convex,  nearly  4  times  the  diameter  of  the  eye,  i\^  of  the 
length  of  the  head.  Mouth  wide,  maxilla  extending  behind  a  vertical 
from  the  anterior  border  of  the  eye ;  upper  lip  complete,  lower  separated 
foi"  only  Jibout  J  tlie  distance  from  the  angle  of  the  mouth  to  the  middle. 
Teeth  small,  tricuspid,  with  slender,  somewhat  compressed  bases,  cusps 
com]>re88ed  to  sharp  edges,  outer  cusp  turned  outward  so  as  to  give  an 
inflated  appearance  at  the  top,  arranged  in  about  72  rows,  counting  length- 
wise on  each  Jaw,  or  10  rows  transversely,  from  outer  to  inner.  Pharyn- 
geal teeth  simple,  in  2  bunches  of  8  or  10  rows  at  the  esophagus  on  the 
roof  of  the  mouth,  and  beh>w  these  on  the  floor  in  2  smaller  elongati 
groups.  Nostrils  small,  tubes  short  or  absent,  posterior  between  the  ante- 
rior halves  of  the  eyes,  anterior  in  front  of  these  about  1  diameter  of  tlie 
orbit,  and  twice  the  same  distance  from  each  other.  Eye  small,  less  thiin 
\  of  head.  Gills  3|.  Gill  opening  a  vertical  slit,  extending  downward  ,i 
short  distance  on  1  or  2  rays  only  of  the  base  of  the  pectoral  (not  so  wide 
as  in  L.jiiilchellus).  Skin  thin,  loose.  Backward  from  the  vent  the  form 
is  much  comi»re88cd,  the  thickness  being  nearly  ^  of  the  height,  and  botli 
lateral  and  <lorsal  outlines  taper  regularly  to  the  caudal.  Dorsal,  anal, 
and  cau<lal  fins  confluent,  anal  extending  farther  on  the  caudal,  i.  e., 
more  than  -^  the  lengtli  of  the  latter;  dorsal  comujencing  above  the  gill 
opening,  at  a  distJince  from  the  snout  that  is  contained  in  the  total  length 
without  the  caudal  3s  times;  anal  beginning  a  trifle  in  advance  of  the 
mid  length,  excluding  the  caudal;  ])ectural  broad,  not  reaching  the  anal, 
upper  portion  rounded,  lower  fringed,  a  shallow  indentation  between  the 
two  portions;  caudal  subtruncate,  rounded,  with  rays  more  than  .1  as 
long  as  the  head;  ventral  disk  small,  :jr  longer  than  broad,  situated  its 
length  from  the  lips,  occupying  nearly  i  of  the  distance  from  the  snout  to 
the  first  ray  of  th(^  anal,  or  about  ^  of  the  total  length.  Color  dark  brown, 
irregularly  marked  with  whitish  or  grayish ;  a  series  of  5  or  6  spots,  each 
as  large  as  the  eye,  along  the  middle  of  the  flank;  below  these,  near  the 
lower  edge,  there  are  indications  of  4  or  5  whitish  blotcln^s,  resembliiij; 
transverse  bands;  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  with  irregular  cloudings  and 
blotches  of  darker  and  of  lighter;  base  of  pectoral  with  a  couple  of  large 
blotches  of  light  grayish,  balance  of  the  fin  freckled  with  light  color; 
head  dark,  somewhat  reddened.  Entire  length  10  inches.  (Garmau.) 
North  Pacifle;  connnon  south  to  Unalaska;  the  original  types  above  de- 
scribed were  collected  by  Mt^ssrs.  Pierce  and  Smith  at  Saghalien,  Channel 
of  Tartary ;  our  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross  in  Bristol  Bay.  Dr. 
Bean's  types  of  Lijjaris  gibbiis  came  from  Plover  Bay,  Siberia;  others  are 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2123 


0  inches 

L.  33  (32 
ilongatt), 
iipr»>8so(l 
jry  much 
nee  from 
slightly 
it  bro.iil, 
^  of  the 
I,  A'erticul 
iopiirated 
e  middle. 
868,  cuspn 
o  give  an 
ig  length- 
Pharyn- 
U8  on  the 
r  elongate 
a  the  aute- 
ator  of  the, 
,  l088  thiiu 
iwnward  a 
lot  HO  \vi(h! 
it  the  form 
;,  and  both 
jrsal,  anal, 
udal,  i.  e., 
\-Q  the  gill 
i>tal  length 
nee  of  the 
g  the  anal, 
jtweeu  the 
than  I  as 
itnated  its 
i«>  snout  t'l 
irk  brown, 
ipots,  each 
le,  near  the 
•esemblin^ 
dingH  and 
lie  of  laig« 
ight  color; 
l(Garniau.) 
above  do- 
I,  Channel 

Bay.    1)1. 
others  are 


recorded  from  Unalaska,  St.  Paul  Island,  o(F  Indian  Point,  Capo  Chaplin, 
Eastern  Siberia,  Petropaulski,  and  Bering  Strait. 

The  fcdlowing  is  the  sub.stanc^o  of  the  account  of  L'qtans  tjihbua  which 
Garman  identities,  aitpareutly  correctly,  with  lApariH  atjaasiz'n: 

Head  3i ;  depth  :U.  \ ).  42 ;  A.  3fi ;  P.  85 ;  C.  12.  Body  altruptly  contracted 
near  the  vent,  cov»^red  with  lax  skin;  iiiterorbital  space ishallow-cimcave, 
the  V(^rtex  and  nape  sonievvhat  elevated;  snout  depressed;  head  as  wide 
as  long,  longer  than  deep;  nostrils  tubular,  the  tubes  of  anterior  nostrils 
loDjrest;  eye  small,  1  in  head;  ventral  disk  nearly  circular,  8  in  length; 
vertical  fins  couiluent;  dorsal  ccuitinuous;  longest  dorsal  ray  i  as  long 
as  head;  pcictorals  reaching  front  of  anal;  caudal  fi  in  body.  Head  and 
body  very  jtale  brown  or  gray,  [talor  below;  head  and  anterior  parts  some- 
times with  concentric  brown  rings,  much  as  in  Liparin  pulclnUna;  sides 
plain  or  marki'd  with  brown  stripes  and  rings;  tail  sometiu  s  with  dark 
blotches;  vortical  tins  usually  with  dark  bands.  Bering  Sea,  Aleutian 
Islands,  and  Sil»eria.     (Named  for  Prof.  Louis  Agassiz). 

Cycloplenis  Upan»,  Bloch,  AuBliiud.  FiscUo,  i,  48,  1785,  in  part,  Pacitic  speciiueus. 
Liparis  aijaKKizii,  Putnam,  Proc.  Amor.  Ahs(ic.  .Vdv.  Sci.  1874,  ;!.t9,  Saghalien,  Channel  of 

Tartary  (Coll.  Piereo  anil  Smith);  Gakman,  l)i.si!()lioli,  62,  pis.  l-;i,  1892. 
Liparis  (jihhxia,  ISka.v,  I'ruo.  U.S.  Nut.  Mu.s.  1881,  148,  Unalaska,  St.  Paul  Island,  Indian 

Point,  Cape  Chaplin,  and    Plover  Bay,   Siberia;  Jordan   &.  Gilbeet,  Synopsis, 

741,  1883. 

2454.  LIPAUIS  IIEBSCHELIM'S,  Scoflcld. 

Head  ^  in  body;  depth  3J.  I).  12;  A.  33;  pectoral  35;  caudal  10; 
eye  4^  in  head,  and  1^  in  snout;  interorbital  space  3  iu  head;  maxillary  2 
in  head.  Body  tadpcde-Iiko;  head  rounded  and  very  little  compressed; 
abdonutu  sligh*  <ste''  1;  Just  back  of  the  abdomen  the  body  is  sud- 
denly comprct  a  width  eciualing  ^  its  height,  and  from  this  i)oint 
the  body  gradually  tapers  to  the  caudal,  its  height  and  width  keeping  the 
same  projiortions;  the  height  of  the  base  of  the  caudal  e([uals  the  diame- 
ter of  the  eye;  the  maxillary  extends  to  (osterior  edge  «)f  eye,  and  its  end 
is  concealed  in  the  base  of  the  skin  of  the  head ;  upper  jaw  slightly  longer 
than  lower;  teeth  tricuspid;  interorbital  space  Hat;  nape  slightly  ele- 
v;ited;  gill  openings  small;  the  width  of  the  slit  ecpialing  the  interorbital 
space;  the  lower  edge  of  the  slit  even  with  the  first  pectoral  ray;  the 
posterior  nostrils  end  iu  very  short,  compressed  tubules  about  i  diameter 
of  eye  in  fn»nt  of  eye ;  the  autt^rior  nostrils  are  simple  and  placed  directly 
in  front  of  the  jiosterior  nostrils  a  distance  equal  to  ^  diameter  of  eye. 
The  dorsal  begins  on  a  vertical  line  drawn  from  posterior  edge  of  gill  flap; 
the  anterior  rays  are  short,  gradually  lengthening  till  middle  of  fin  is 
reached,  where  the  rays  equal  2A  times  the  diameter  of  the  eye,  the  last 
rays  scarcely  shortened  and  not  forming  a  notch  at  its  junction  with  the 
caudal;  last  rays  encroaching  on  the  caudal  for  \  of  its  length;  anal  same 
shape  as  dorsal  and  of  same  height,  its  last  rays  encroaching  on  caudal  for 
fr  its  length;  upper  lobe  of  pectoral  composed  of  25  rays,  the  eleventh  and 
longest  ray  li  in  head;  length  of  twenty-fifth  ray  4  iu  head,  lower  lobe 
with  10  rays,  of  Avhich  the  third  from  the  last,  or  twenty-third,  is  the  long- 


2124  Diillctin  //,  United  States  National  Museum, 


(!8t,  beini;  coutained  in  the  heud  2i'ir  times;  membrane  between  each  :> 
of  the  liiHt  4  rays  incised;  cundal  slender,  rounded  bi^hind,  its  length  .1 
little  more  than  twice  in  head.  Diameter  of  ventral  disk  8  in  body.  Skin 
very  loose,  attached  only  at  opening  and  to  ends  of  last  rays  of  dorsal  and 
anal  and  to  base  of  caudal.  Color  dark,  covered  with  tine  punctnlatioa  • 
belly  and  underside  of  head  free  from  markings;  last  half  of  dorsal  darker 
than  anterior  half;  anal  mottled  with  blac^k ;  caudal  Avith  2  black  vertical 
bands,  the  iirNt  bony  and  Just  back  of  tips  of  last  dorsal  and  anal  rays ;  tlio 
second  band  slender  and  faint  and  at  top  of  tin.  Arctic  Ocean;  seveml 
specimens  were  taken  at  Herschel  Island.  The  longest  Hpccimen  is  2.V 
inches  long.  This  species  is  nearest  L.  tunioatua  from  the  coast  of  Greeulaiul 
and  appears  to  be  intermediate  between  it  and  L.  agaasizii. 

Liparit  herschcliiiuD,  Scopield,  I'MnlieM  of  llerschel  Island,  in  Jordan  «fc  Gilbert,  Rept. 
Fur  Seal  Invest.,  1898,  Herschel  Island,  Arctic  Ocean.  (Typo,  No.  5001,  L.  S.  Jr. 
Univ.  Mu8.    Coll.  N.  B.  Scofleld.) 


:n 


8455.  LIPABI8  DENNYI,  Jordan  &.  Starka. 

Head  3)1  in  length  of  body;  depth <U.  D.  39;  A.  30;  pectoral  36;  caudal 
12;  eye  H  in  head;  maxillary  2^;  snout  2|;  gill  opening  2^;  upper  pec- 
toral lobei;  lower  lobe  1^;  intervening  rays  2^;  ventral  disk  2|;  highest 
dorsal  rays  2^;  highest  anal  rays  2» ;  caudal  rays  If.  Body  moderately 
elongate,  much  compressed  posteriorly,  slightly  so  anteriorly ;  head  mod- 
erate, the  cheeks  and  nape  prominent.  Month  wide,  Avith  little  lateral 
cleft;  maxillary  extending  to  below  the  anterior  margin  of  eye,  its  end 
covered  with  the  skin  of  the  head ;  the  lower  jaw  slightly  the  longer ;  tlie 
teeth  tricu8i)id,  those  on  the  inner  part  of  jaw  largest,  arranged  in  about 
14  series  in  each  jaw;  series  nearly  transverse  on  middle  of  jaw,  becoming 
more  and  more  obli(|ue  toward  the  sides,  where  they  are  nearly  parallel 
with  the  sides  of  the  jaws;  interorbital  wide,  slightly  concave;  nostrils 
ending  in  very  short,  wide  tubes,  the  posterior  over  the  anterior  margin 
of  eye,  the  anterior  in  front  of  it  a  distance  equal  to  the  diameter  of  eye; 
ojtercle  ending  in  a  short,  wide  spine  covered  with  skin;  it  is  situated 
slightly  above  the  middle  of  gill  opening;  gill  opening  running  from 
about  the  eleventh  pectoral  ray  to  a  level  with  the  eye.  Origin  of  dorsa] 
slightly  behind  base  of  pectoral,  its  distance  from  the  snout  3|^  in  length 
of  body,  it«  anterior  rays  short,  gradually  lengthening  posteriorly,  th(» 
rays  from  the  anterior  third  to  near  the  end  about  equal,  the  last  ray 
abruptly  shortened,  forming  a  slight  notch  where  the  fin  joins  the  caudal ; 
posterior  I  of  caudal  free  above ;  anal  similar  to  dorsal,  about  the  same 
height,  its  origin  nearer  snout  than  base  of  caudal,  about  under  the  base 
of  the  tenth  dorsal  ray,  posteriorly  it  is  longer  than  the  dorsal,  joining 
the  caudal  at  about  i  its  length ;  ventral  disk  nearly  round,  its  distance 
from  tip  of  lower  jaw  1^  in  its  diameter,  1  in  distance  from  vent,  2  from 
first  anal  ray ;  vent  midway  between  front  of  anal  and  edge  of  disk ;  upper 
lobe  of  pectoral  broadly  rounded,  reaching  to  ^  of  the  distance  between 
vent  and  front  of  anal;  lower  lobe  long,  reaching  nearly  to  vent;  caudal 
long  and  slender,  rounded  behind.  Skin  very  thin  and  loose  on  body  and 
head,  covering  the  anterior  parts  of  dorsal  and  anal,  attached  at  about  the 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2125 


iniddlo  of  rays  poHteriorly,  and  covoring  the  base  of  caudal  rays.  Color 
light  brown,  light*'!-  bolow,  thickly  covered  with  minute  brown  points, 
which  form  si)ot8  and  mottlings  on  sides;  upper  part  of  head  dark,  lips 
spotted  with  brown;  dorsal  and  anal  dark  brown,  slightly  mottled  with 
lighter;  pectoral  light,  with  irregtilar  brown  spots  and  bars  running  across 
it;  caudal  dark  brown,  mottled  at  base,  2  light  bars  crossing  it  toward  its 
end,  heaving  a  narrow  posterior  margin  of  brown.  North  Pacifu-,  south  to 
Puget  Sound;  nuuiorous  specimens  in  the  J //>((/roH8 collections  from  about 
IJnalaska.  (Named  for  Mr.  Charles  L.  Denny,  of  Seattle,  in  recognition  of 
his  active  and  intelligent  interest  in  the  natural  historj'  of  Washington.) 

Liparis  dennyx,  Johdan  &.  Stauks,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  835,  jil.  98,  Admiralty  Inlet, 
Puget  Sound.  (Type,  No.  3703,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Muh.  Coll.  Young  NuturulLstH'  Society 
of  Seattle.) 

24riO.  LIPARIS  <'T(;L0STI09IA,  Gilbert. 

Head  3»;  depth  4^.  D.  44;  A.  34;  P.  42;  C.  14.  A  robust,  compressed 
species,  Tith  broad,  gently  convex  head,  the  nape  rather  elevated, 
comparatively  wide  gill  opening,  a  single  continuous  dorsal  fin,  the  dorsal 
and  anal  broadly  joined  to  the  caudal,  and  the  coloration  peculiar.  Pro- 
file gently  and  evenly  declining  from  nape  to  end  of  premaxillary  pro- 
cesses, thence  descending  more  steeply  to  tip  of  snout.  Interorbital  space 
very  wide,  equaling  length  of  snout  and  |  of  eye,  2*  in  head.  Distance 
from  tip  of  snout  to  front  of  exposed  portion  of  eye,  2v',f  in  head.  Mouth 
terminal,  broad  and  transverse,  with  but  little  lateral  cleft,  the  2  jaws 
equal,  the  lower  not  included.  The  maxillary  is  entirely  bound  down  by 
skin  of  head,  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  pupil,  the  angle  of  mouth  in 
advance  of  ej'e.  Bands  of  teeth  extremely  broad,  the  teeth  very  small, 
all  tricuspid,  the  outer  ones  minute,  those  toward  inner  margin  of  jaw 
increasing  in  size.  The  anterior  series  in  each  jaw  are  nearly  transverse, 
the  lateriil  series  becoming  successively  more  and  more  oblique,  the 
uppermost  nearly  parallel  with  the  jaw;  aboirt  20  series  in  each  side  of 
lower  jaw,  30  on  each  side  of  upper  jaw.  The  width  of  band  in  upper 
jaw  equals  f  diameter  of  exposed  portion  of  eye,  which  is  J  length  of 
snont,  f  interorbital  width.  Nostrils  without  tube.  Lower  lip  distinct 
on  lateral  jj  or  §^  of  mandible.  Gill  opening  wide,  extending  downward 
to  opposite  base  of  fifteenth  pectoral  ray,  the  length  of  the  slit  2}  in  hesvd. 
Upper  jaw  with  a  series  of  large  pores;  lower  jaw  short,  with  few  pores. 
Disk  large,  oblong,  its  longitudinal  diameter  2J^  in  head,  equaling  its  dis- 
tance from  anus  and  twice  distance  of  latter  from  base  of  first  anal  ray. 
Pyloric  ceca  28.  Pectoral  very  broad,  inserted  low,  its  upper  margin  on 
a  level  with  premaxillaries,  much  below  the  eye ;  the  rays  decrease  but  little 
in  length  from  the  first  to  the  twentieth,  and  form  a  very  broad,  evenly 
rounded  lobe.  Below  the  twentieth  the  rays  decrease  gently  and  have 
exerted  tips,  until  the  shortest  ray  equals  f  the  long  upper  rays.  There 
follow  3  or  4  somewhat  longer  rays,  the  tips  still  further  exserted,  then  4 
or  5  rays  which  decrease  rapidly,  the  shortest  anterior  one  equaling  diam- 
eter of  eye;  longest  iiectoral  ray  If  in  head;  base  of  first  dorsal  ray 
in  a  vertical  passing  through  axil  of  pectoral ;  longest  dorsal  ray  Is  in 


212C  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum, 

]ioa<l,  ilio  lust  ruyB  iiiindly  Hhortonod  ho  uh  to  prodiiro  a  iiotdi  at  iiTiion 
with  tlio  cjunliil,  th<'  last  ray  Ii'hs  than  jj  tlie  loiiKunt,  tho  nicmbraiio  join- 
ing at  fnd  of  basal  third  of  caudal;  tlii^  anal  fin  is  equal  in  I>*>in;ht  to  tii(> 
dorsal,  bnt  tho  lant  rays  arc  hut  littlo  HJiortenod,  ho  that  no  notch  «!xist.s 
]»()steriorly.  It  forms  a  innch  broader  union  with  the  caudal,  which  ii 
Joins  at  tho  end  of  ita  basal  two-tliirds;  caudal  broad,  rounded,  the  outer 
rays  *  tho  length  of  mid<lle  rays,  which  equal  the  length  of  head  witlioiil 
the  Huout.  l{o<ly  everywhere  transparent,  gelatinous  in  structure.  Colors 
in  life,  olivaceous  above,  overlaid  with  light  grajMsh;  belly  and  lowci 
side  of  head  light  yellow  ;  body  and  fins  with  large  brownish-red  or  biood- 
rcd  spots  and  blotches,  usually  rouudish,  each  having  a  darker  margin 
surrounded  with  a  light  ring.  Length  3nO  mm.  luring  .Sea;  type  fmir 
Bristol  Hay,  in  ^OA  fathoms;  a  second  spo<timen  from  St.  Paul  Island,  nnd 
a  third  still  larger  from  Petroi)aul8ki;  a  most  beautifully  c(dored  species, 
quite  unlike  the  others.      (Gilbert.)    (wwAo?,  round;  Cjr////a,  spot.) 

LiparxH  eyclosligma,   (Jilbkut,  Kept.  IT.  S.  Fish    Comm.  189;j    (1896),  446,  Bristol  Bay, 
Alaska,  at  Albatross  Station  3353,  in  3gJ  fathoms.     (Typit  Xo.  48621.) 


'1 


Subgenus  LYOLIPARIS,  Jordan  &■  Evorniann. 

2457.  LUUIliK  PULCIIKLLUS,  Ayres. 

Head  4}  in  length;  depth  H.  D.  47  to  49;  A.  40;  pectoral  30;  caudil 
12;  eyes  6  in  head;  interorbital  space  (llesh,  not  bone)  2;  snout  3;  \nc- 
toral  li;  ventral  disk  2J;  caudal  Ij.  liody  elongate,  somewhat  com- 
pressed, tapering  gradually  to  the  caudal.  The  head  is  broader  and  longer 
than  high;  snout  subtruncato,  overhanging  tho  mouth;  teeth  small,  tii- 
cuspid,  the  median  cusp  longest,  arranged  in  oblique  rows  as  in  tho  related 
species;  upper  lip  complete,  the  lower  interrui>ted  on  each  side  about  mid- 
way between  middle  of  jaw  and  angle  of  mouth;  interorbital  space  wide 
and  flat,  posterior  nostril  ending  in  a  short,  wide  tube,  anterior  smaller, 
closer  together,  about  midway  between  the  posterior  and  end  of  suoiil ; 
gill  opening  moderate,  wider  than  eye,  its  lower  third  in  front  of  pectoral, 
extending  downward  to  tho  third  or  fourth  ray;  skin  thin  and  loose,  as 
in  the  other  Liparids;  vent  nearer  to  anal  than  ventral  disk.  Dorsal  and 
aniil  confluent  v.'ith  the  caudal,  which  seems  to  end  in  a  point  when  not 
spread;  origin  of  dorsal  just  behind  base  of  pectoral,  its  distance  from 
snout  contained  4  times  in  the  length  of  body,  the  anterior  rays  buried 
under  the  skin;  origin  of  anal  nearer  snout  than  base  of  caudal  fin;  jxc- 
torals  broadly  rounded  posteriorily,  reaching  to  front  of  anal,  the  lower 
rays  smaller  and  produced,  forming  a  notch  in  lower  part  of  fin.  Color 
light  olive  brown,  with  numerous  waving  lines  everywhere  on  head  and 
body,  running  longitudinally,  sometimes  running  together  and  formiiii; 
irregular  markings;  belly  and  lower  parts  of  head  white;  dorsal  and  anal 
dusky,  with  longitudinal  stripes  and  mottlings;  caudal  dark  at  tip;  pec- 
torals with  irregular  cross  streaks.  Others  are  light  brownish  Avith  spot.s 
of  darker,  not  showing  any  trace  of  the  longitudinal  stripes;  the  head 
variously  marked  with  irregular  vermiculations.  Here  described  from 
specimens  from  Point  Eeyes,  California.    The  one  from  which  the  mea.s- 


Jordan  and  F.viymann. — Fishes  of  North  Anwrica.      2127 


urflinontH  are  taken  is  a  little  ov«m'  I  inches  iu  l<>nj;tli.  Spocinieiis  vary 
greatly  in  depth  of  body.  Length  10  iiu-lies.  Northirii  I'acitic,  Alaska  to 
Monterey."  Common;  Hpo<-im«'nH  are  recorded  from  IMiget  Sonnd  and  from 
TongasH,  St.  Panl,  Kailiak,  llnalaska,  and  other  lo«rulitloH  in  Alaska. 
The  specimen  from  the  northernmost  Io(;ality  examined  by  tin  is  from 
liristol  Hay  in  16  fathoms  (Coll.  AlbatroHs).  Tlio  species  is  not  rare  about 
San  Francisco  and  Monterey,  whore  the  striped  form  is  almost  oxclnsively 
fonnd.     {pulehelliia,  prettj'.) 

Lipari» pulehellus.  Ayhes,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac,  Nat.  Soi.,  I,  1855,  23,  San  Francisco;  fli'NTllRii, 
Cat.,  ni,  164,  18f)l;  STEiNOAciiNEit,  Iclitli.  Ili'itriiKe,  in,  5:1,  IST.'i;  Jordan  &.  UiLUEitT, 
.SynopHiH,  741, 1883;  Gau.man,  l)iH<  oboli,  »!7,  pl.s,  4,  5,  aii<l  K,  1892, 

Ci/clogatter  tnilehellus,  Girakd,  Pao.  K,  11.  Kept.,  x,  Fislios,  132, 1858. 


Subgenus  ACTINOCHIR,  Gill. 
2468.   LIPAIUS  MA.IOR  (dill). 

Head  4  in  length,  D.  45  to  48;  A.  38  to  40;  V.  34  to  37 ;  caudal  12  to  14 ; 
vertebra)  52  (10-}-42);  cjeca  26;  branchiostegaLs  6.  Body  elongate,  much 
compressed  and  tapering  posteriorly,  rather  thin  b«>1iind  the  abdomen, 
slender  at  the  base  of  the  caudal,  broad  and  high  between  the  pectorals. 
Head  high  and  broad,  prominent  at  nape,  length  a  little  more  than  depth, 
forehead  depres-sed;  snont  broad,  blunt,  rounded,  rather  deep,  as  long 
as  eye;  month  anterior,  broad,  maxillary  subtending  the  eye.  Jaws  about 
equal;  a  broad  iuterrnption  in  lower  lip  in  middle  of  chin;  teeth  small, 
in  pavement,  tricuspid  in  younger  specimens,  simple  in  old.  Some  of 
those  from  which  this  description  is  drawn  show  the  3  jironged  teeth  in 
the  outer  rows,  and  an  approach  to  the  simple  in  the  inner.  A  series  of 
5  or  6  pores  on  each  side,  just  above  upper  lip,  from  snont  to  postor- 
bital  region;  another  of  6  or  7  pores  from  chin  toward  upper  angle  of  gill 
opening;  posterior  nostril  reduced,  pore-like,  on  interorbital  space;  ante- 
rior in  front  of  eye,  tubular;  between  and  a  little  in  front  of  the  tubes 
a  couple  of  large  pores.  Kyo  moderately  large,  iu  anterior  half  of  head, 
lateral,  about  equal  to  snout,  once  in  interorbital  space,  1^^  times  in  disk, 
and  3^  in  head;  disk  small,  little  longer  than  wide,  1^  times  as  long  as 
eye,  distant  from  mouth  IJ  times  the  length,  which  is  equal  to  |  distance 
to  anal  fin;  vent  about  midway  from  disk  to  first  ray  of  anal;  gill  open- 
ing little  wider  than  eye,  i  of  its  extent  in  front  of  base  of  pectoral ;  1 
single  and  3  double  gills ;  pseudobranchiio  small ;  oi)ercular  spine  rather 
broad;  skin  thin,  loose,  easily  carried  away,  that  of  the  males  in  breeding 
season  roughened  with  small,  spine-bearing  papillie, ;  dorsal  and  anal  con- 
tinuous with  the  caudal,  the  union  occupying  nearly  |  length  of  last, 
onal  extending  a  little  farther  back  than  dorsal.  Caudal  rays  less  than  ^ 
as  long  as  head,  hincfer  margin  of  the  fin  slightly  rounded,  narrow;  pec- 
torals broad  and  rounded  in  the  upper  portion,  reaching  anal  fin;  in  the 
lower  portion  fringed;  several  of  the  rays  at  sides  of  disk,  much  longer 
than  those  immediately  above  them,  form  a  notch  in  the  margin,  a  fold 
uniting  the  fins  in  front  of  disk ;  no  apparent  notch  in  dorsal ;  like  the 

*  Our  Monterey  specimens  have  D,  48  j  A.  39  j  P.  36;  C.  12.    Head  5 ;  depth  5. 


2128         nuUctin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


anal,  it  i-Ihum  griidiitilly,  .-ind  attaiiiH  iU  ^roatest  oxtoiit  in  tlio  posturiiir 
tliinl  of  itH  Icnj^tli.  I'lot'csHor  Liitl^cn  j^ivos  tlio  followiiijj;  as  tho  fornnila . 
DoiHiil  4:{  to  4!>;  anal  ;{»>  to  40;  luictoral  ^^2  to  38;  candal  !»  to  11.  Tin* 
H|tt'cinienH  drscribod  lioro,  and  from  which  tho  nuinbors  jtlarcil  iit  tlm 
head  of  this  floscription  wore  taken,  were  fnrnlHhed  this  MnsMiim  Ity  him. 
From  his  larj^o  Hi-rics  ho  finds  a  jjreator  rnn^^o  of  variation  in  all  caseH 
except  that  of  tho  candal,  whero  12  to  14  rays  nppoar  on  these  oxaniplos. 
Color  olivac-eona  to  dark  hrown,  darkest  abunt  the  head  and  l»ody.  On 
close  examination  tho  skin  is  seen  to  he  thickly  puncticulate  with  hrown. 
in  cases  forming  dondings,  Idotchrs,  or  transverse  hands  on  the  fins  and 
hinder  parts  of  tiie  body.  In  life  there  is  no  donht  of  the  presence  of 
tints  of  lilac,  reddish,  or  yellowish.  One  of  these  specimens  has  6  bands 
of  brownish  on  the  dorsal,  and  4  on  the  anal.  Our  largest  is  5  inches  in 
length.  (Garnian.)  Coasts  of  (}reenlan<l,  cast  to  the  White  Sea;  not 
seen  by  us;  the  description  from  a  specimen  in  the  Museum  Comp.  Zool., 
sent  by  Dr.  Liltken.     (Eu.)     (jl/a/o?',  larger.) 

Cycloi>terv*  lii>arii  major,  FAniiK'irs,  Fauna  (iriiiilaiul.,  KIO,  1780,  Greenland;  "Wamiacm, 
Artodi  Tisciiiin,  in,  480, 1702;  after  Faiiiiicids;  not  a  binomial  name,  major  bi-inj;  Him- 
l>ly  an  adjective. 

Liparit  tunicata,  KmivEn,  Naturli.  Tidsskr.,  i,  236, 1802;  not  of  Keinhaudt. 

Aetinochir  major,  (iiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  1804, 103,  Greenland. 

TAparin/abricii,  LI'tken,  Kara-Ifave.s,  Fiske,  146, 1887. 

Liparis  major,  JouvAii  &.  Gildeut,  Syuop.>*i8, 741, 1883;  Garman,  DiHcoboH,  72, 1802. 


786.  BATHYPHASMA,  Gilbert. 
Jiathnphanma,  Gilhert,  Kepv.  IT.  S.  Fish  Conim.  1803  (1806),  447  (ovigerum). 

Teeth  long,  slender,  simple,  without  basal  cusps.  Disk  large,  its  sur- 
face even,  with  evident  lobos  or  horny  papilhe  under  posterior  part  of  the 
head;  the  anna  not  immediately  behind  it.  Gill  opening  comparatively 
wide.  Caudal  long,  well  developed,  not  acuminate,  containing  12  rays, 
the  dorsal  and  anal  confluent  with  its  basal  '*;  pectoral  broad  and  con- 
tinuous, as  in  lAparis,  tho  lower  rays  exserted.  Suborbital  process  strong. 
Vertt^brjo  numerous.  The  typical  species  has  much  the  shape  and  general 
appearance  of  Liparia  agaaaizii.  The  character  of  the  simple  teeth,  which 
this  genus  shares  with  ParaHjyans  and  others,  has  been  independently 
acquired.  (Gilbert.)  Skeleton  soft,  little  ossified.  Deep-sea Liparids  of 
largo  size,  the  dentition  unlike  that  of  the  other  genera,  and  apparently 
not  aoiuired  by  tho  same  line  of  descent  as  the  simple  teeth  of  Parali- 
paria,  which  seems  to  be  a  degradation  of  the  form  seen  in  Liparia. 
{ftaOvi,  deep  sea;  ^ddna,  apparition.) 

2450.  IIATIIYPIIASMA  OVIOKUUM,  Gilfcert. 

Head  SjJ;  depth  3*;  eye  7.  Occipital  region  greatly  elevated,  tho  upper 
profile  of  head  strongly  decurv<'d  above  the  orbits,  a  line  from  o<'ciput  to 
end  of  premaxillary  processes  forming  an  angle  of  45  degrees  with  axis 
of  body.  In  front  of  tips  of  premaxillary  processes  the  snout  descends 
almost  vertically.  Posteriorly  the  body  tapers  uniformly  and  slowly,  the? 
width  of  base  of  tail  equaling  \  diameter  of  eye.    Mouth  large,  horizontal. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2129 


postoridi 

formula; 

11.     Tho 

■«l    at   tll(^ 

II  by  liiin. 

all  ciiHOH 

ixaniplcs. 

ody.     On 

tblirowii, 

e  iiiiH  and 

resonco  of 

iH  6  bands 

intlu's  in 

Sea;  not 

lup.  Zool., 

■\VAi-nArM, 
r  b(!iiig  Him- 


2, 1802. 


;e,  its  8ur- 
)art of thn 
aratively 
12  rays, 
and  con- 
83  stronji. 
«1  general 
th,  wbich 
endeutly 
iparids  of 
parently 
f  Par  all 
Liparis. 


not  overpaHHod  by  tbn  flnoiit,  tbe  lower  Jaw  Hligbtly  sborter  tliaii  thr  upper, 
not  dlHtiuetly  iunliided;  maxillary  resiebing  a  vertical  from  poHterinr 
ed>;«  of  orbit,  its  length  2^^  in  bead,  its  width  Iji  in  bead;  upper  lip 
complete,  tho  fold  of  lower  lip  extending  halfway  from  angle  of  mouth  to 
symphysiH.  Hands  of  teeth  very  wide  in  the  front  of  eaehjuw,  becoming 
narrow  laterally,  where  the  series  are  few  in  numiicr  and  nearly  parallel 
with  tho  Jaw;  anteriorly  tlie  aeries  grow  more  and  more  obli(|ue,  until 
at  front  of  Jaw  they  are  nearly  transverse;  teeth  all  simple  and  slender, 
without  cusps,  directed  very  obliquely  backward,  and  movable,  implanted 
so  as  to  admit  of  still  further  depression;  outer  teeth  in  both  Jaws  very 
short,  the  inner  ones  growing  gradually  buiger  and  becoming  aeicular, 
16  series  <»f  ttseth  on  each  side  of  lower  Jaw,  22  series  on  each  side  (»f 
upper  jaw.  Posterior  nostril  in  a  short  wide  tube.  Eye  large,  the  diame- 
ter of  its  exposed  portion  2k  in  total  interorbital  width.  Cheek  and 
temporal  region  swollen,  the  suborbital  stay  running  in  a  notable  depres- 
sion between  the  two.  Gill  slit  wide,  extending  downward  to  opposite 
upper  pectoral  rays,  longer  than  snout,  2g^in  head.  Mucous  por'^s  minute, 
on  sides  of  snout,  mandible,  and  preopercle,  none  visible  on  top  of  head. 
Disk  large,  nearly  round,  its  center  slightly  in  advance  of  gill  slit,  its 
length  3^  in  head,  distance  from  its  posterior  margin  to  vent  equaling 
if  its  own  diameter.  A  small  anal  papilla.  Pyloric  cu'CO  IJ).  Pectoral 
with  34  rays,  not  notched,  the  lower  rays  regularly  diminishing  in  l<«ngth 
to«the  fifth  or  sixth  before  the  last,  the  next  2  or  M  abruptly  lengthened 
and  exserted;  Imigest  ray  of  upper  lobe  erpialing  snout  and  eye;  longest 
ray  of  lower  lobe  equaling  snout  and  k  eye;  dorsal  tin  beginning  slightly 
behind  upper  axil  of  pectorals  and  with  43  rays,  the  longest  e((ualing  dis- 
tance from  tip  of  snout  to  front  of  pupil;  »)rigin  of  anal  fin  with  i  diame- 
ter of  eye  in  front  of  middle  of  body,  with  34  rays;  caudal  ray  long  and 
slender,  with  12  rays,  its  basal  f  continent  with  dorsal  and  pual,  its  length 
equal  to  that  of  pectoral  fin.  Skin  thin,  not  conspicuously  lax.  Head,  body, 
and  fins  white,  inconspicuously  mottled  with  light  brown.  A  s  .ngle  speci- 
men, 31.5  mm.  in  total  length,  from  Station  3342,  off  Queen  Charlotte  Island, 
British  Columbia,  depth  1,588  fathoms.  The  type  is  a  male,  with  well- 
developed  testes,  and  contained  in  its  mouth,  when  captured,  a  spherical 
mass  of  eggs  apparently  of  the  same  species.  The  eggs  measured  4^  mm- 
in  diameter,  and  were  well  along  in  their  development,  tho  embryos  dis- 
tinctly visible  through  the  very  tough  egg  membranes.  The  general  form 
of  head  and  body  can  be  made  out,  as  well  as  the  long  continuous  dorsal 
and  anal  fins  running  backward  into  the  tail.  It  seems  not  improbable 
that  the  male  fish  protect  the  eggs  in  this  manner  until  after  hatching. 
(D.43;  A.34;  P.34;  C.12.)    (Gilbert.)     (onnn,  egg;  gero,  I  boar.) 


bbo  upper 
[cciput  to 
Iwith  axis 
I  descends 
>wly, the 
krizontal. 


Jiathyphasma  ovigenim,  Gh.bkrt,  Rejit.  U.  S.  Fisli  Conim.  1893  (1896),  448,  off  Queen  Char- 
lotte Island,  at  Albatross  Station  3343,  in  1,588  fathoms.    (Typo,  No.  48622.) 

787.  CAREPROCTUS,  Kriiyer. 

Garfiproctut,  KuOybr,  Naturb.  Tidsskr.,  i,  257, 1862  {reinhardi). 
Garemitra,  Jordan  &  Evermann,  Check-List  Fishes,  452, 1896  (simut). 
Allochir,  Jordan  &,  Evermann,  Cbeck-List  Fishes,  452, 1896  (melammit). 
Allants,  Jordan  &.  Eveuaunn,  Check-List  Fishes,  452, 1896  (eetenes). 


21.'J0  Bulletin  47,  Uniled  States  National  Museum. 


W 


lUxly  moro  or  I*'sh  «-loiii;iiie,  suiiiitniDHpaiciit,  rovon-d  witli  thin,  |a\ 
Nkin;  iiioiitli  tmiiiiijil;  toctliHiiiiplo  in  tlio  luhill,  hookud;  vuiitnd  (lisk  vnrv 
Hiniill,  Hitiiatnt  Cur  furwivril,  imkIi'I-  front  of  oyc,  Honi«tiin<-M  rcihn  "mI  to  a 
MuTr  point;  voni  u  littlo  Ixiliiiul  it,  fur  in  front  of  anal  fin;  )iectoi;il  Hu 
broad,  notchrd,  the  lo\v<>r  lohn  woll  di^v<>Io|iod,  Vortoltrir  and  fin  mvN 
nnniorouH;  noHtrilH  with  or  witiiont  tuV.o.  Kpunifs  of  ratiii^r  liir<ro  Hi/o, 
found  in  d(>(>p  or  cold  watoi'H.  Theso  f  >rni  n  tiiuiHition  from  Aclinorliir  tn 
tliM  Amitrinw,  in  which  ^ronj)  thn  ventral  disk  in  wholly  lost. 

Conc<-rnin^  Careproctim,  Mr.  Unrnian  has  tho  followlnjj;  rrniarks: 

"ThiH  jfonuH  and  lApariii  uvn  brought  vory  cIomo  to^^othrr  liy  I'ltrcprnrliiH 
llparis  major.  The  simple  form  of  tooth  in  th«^  on<«  raHo  and  thn  triruNpiil 
foiin  in  th«  (»ther  wcro  fornmrly  considered  Hnllicicntly  diHtinctivc  for  Hop. 
arating  thoso  genura.  Liitken,  18H7,  )>oiiitud  out  that  the  young  of  the 
mentioned  Hpecics  Iuih  the  tricuspid  tooth  of  Llparis,  an<l  that  witli  agi-  it 
acquires  the  simple  teeth  of  CarvprovtuH,  It  is  poHHilde  that  n  Hiniiljir 
ohango  takes  place  in  the  oth(T  species  we  have  brought  together  in  tlio 
latter.  Indeed,  assuming  derivation  from  species  of  Liparia  of  the  hlioal 
waters,  it  isjnstwhatwo  should  expect  in  all  those  Cnrc/^roc/i  of  the  deep  hcji. 

"TteHidos  the  dentiti<»n,  other  features  may  be  solectut'  that  in  compari- 
sons may  serve  to  distinguish  this  genus  from  the  preceding:  The  head 
is  higher  at  the  back;  the  body  is  dee])er  in  front  of  the  dorsal  fin;  tlic 
caudal  region  is  longer,  more  slender  and  tapering;  the  vertebra; are  moii' 
numoro  the  dorsal  and  anal  tins  have  more  rays,  and  are  conipletvly 
fused  witli  the  caudal;  the  disk  is  reduced  in  size;  the  suborbital  procoHH 
is  less  developed,  and  ajiparently  the  intestine  is  shorter.  Among  thesi 
ditferences  there  Is  none  that  nniy  not  be  a  consequence  of  the  modifying: 
influences  of  great  depths  upon  species  of  lAparis  such  as  now  exist  ulon^ 
the  coasts."    (napd,  head;  itpoanrdi,  anus.) 

Caremitra  (xapa,  hewl;  iiirpa,  stoniacher) : 
a.  liody  short  and  deep,  with  blunt  hend,  the  inferior  mouth  below  the  prominent  snoui ; 
disk  nearly  as  long  aa  oyo;  pectoral  rays  33.  SIHDS,  24(l(). 

aa.  Body  more  or  leas  elongate. 

b.  Body  not  exoessively  attenuate,  its  median  depth  much  more  than  length  of 
eye. 
Cahkproctds  : 
c.  Pectorul  fin  distinctly  notched,  its  middle  rays  shorter  than  upper  or  lowor, 
d.  Lower  pectoral  rays  extremely  long,  reaching  front  of  anal;  disli 
moderate,  about  as  large  as  eye.  colletti,  24iil. 

dd.  Lower  pectoral  rays  not  reaching  anal. 

e.  Month  horizontal  or  moderately  oblique,  not  nearly  vertical. 
/.  Disk  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  eye,  not  excessively  reduced. 
g.  Disk  about  i  longer  than  eye;  anterior  nostril  with  ii 
tube ;  gill  slit  reduced ;  mouth  oblique ;  D.  53 ;  P.  34. 

PHASMA,  24(i'.>. 

gg.  Disk  not  larger  than  eye,  which  is  al>out  4  in  head ; 
anterior  nostril  (ao  far  as  known)  without  tube. 
h.  Depth  4  in  length ;  mouth  large;  D.  52;  A.  47. 

SPBCTBtTM,  24G3. 
hh.  Depth  5i  to  6. 

{.  Pectoral  rays  32 ;  D.  54 ;  A.  45. 

IlKlNHAnni.  2461. 
ii.  Pectoral  raya  38 ;  D.  about  48 ;  A.  about  4K. 

SAMULA.  2406. 


Jordan  and  Ilveruiann. — Fishes  oj  North  America.     2131 


lan  length  <il' 


//.  l>lMk  vnv  iiiiiiiitii.  oKTKNi'i  M,  24<M1, 

«<•.  Month  nuiirly  vxrtloul;  liotly  uloiiKutr.     D.&Oi  A.'in;(,'.0;  I'.UO. 

HICI.ATINOSI  M,  '2407. 
Al.l.ocmii  (ilAAiis-,  other;  x»ip,  hunil): 
ee.   I'et'toral  fliia  not  n(ilrli*><|,  the  middle  rnya  not  Hliorter  thiiii  u|>|ior  or 
lower;  Kill;op<>nliigt  rodiicoil :  di'iith  4^  in  length.     I>.  fiM;  A.  .'>";  P.  :iO. 

AIKl.ANl'Ul's,  24IS8. 

Au.iriti'H  (aAAot,  othort  oupa,  tall): 
hh.  Ho<ly  o\ceM«ivi'ly  idoiiKntit,  Hh  depth  i4t  tlm  nilddlo  iiol  more  thun  dluinoli>r  of 
eye;  dink  Hinaller  thuiiitye;  ((ill  (>|ieiiiugH  rudiictMl:  ■iioiit  xhovpl-Hliaped. 
D.Bl.  RITENKH,  24fl«. 

Subgenus  CAREMITRA,  Jordnn  Si  KvorniKiin. 


t!44IO.  CAItKIMUM  TIN  SIMUN,  (lilhiit. 


A  Bpocies  with  a  very  licavy  licad  and  body,  an  inft-rior  tranMv^Tso 
tuoiitb,  ovorlaiiped  by  the  thick,  rounded  Hiioiit.  Ai)[»<'arance  intich  that 
of  llhxno\\par\»  harhuli/ei',  hut  tlie  anterior  partH  much  heavier,  napo  more 
ch'vatcd,  snout  Hhortcr  and  hhinter,  without  harhclH,  cxtondiuK  beyond 
front  of  eycH  for  a  distance  (measured  axially)  equal  to  |  diaiu«>ter  of  orbit, 
and  projecting  boycmd  nioutli  for  i  that  distance.  Mouth  transverse,  its 
width  nearly  twice  the  distance  from  aympliysis  of  lower  Jaw  to  angle  of 
mouth,  the  latter  reaching  a  vertical  midway  between  front  of  eye  and 
pupil.  Teeth  indistinctly  tricuspid,  in  narrow  bands,  11  or  12  series  in 
each  half  «)f  lower  jaw,  8  or  1>  in  the  upper.  Nostrils  without  tube.  Eye 
large,3  iu  ht>ad,  e(|ualing  snout,  U  in  total  interorbital  widtli.  Gill  slit 
moderate,  ^  of  it  opposite  upjter  pectoral  rays,  its  width  jj  diameter  of  eye. 
Opercle  prolonged  into  an  acute  lobe  overlapping  middle  of  slit.  Disk 
rather  small,  nmnd,  under  posterior  part  of  eye,  its  diameter  7,  that  of  eye. 
Vent  inunediutely  behind  it,  e(|uidistant  from  front  of  anal  and  angle  of 
mimth.  Pectorals  inserted  high,  the  upper  edge  on  a  level  wU.  the  mid- 
dle of  eye,  continuous,  the  median  rays  greatly  shortened,  the  lower  ones 
again  longer,  with  exserted  free  tijts;  upper  lobe  extending  b(>yond  front 
of  anal,  and  ecpialing  length  of  head  behind  snout,  lower  rays  ij  length  of 
upper  ones;  P. 33;  origin  of  dorsal  iin  just  behind  axil  of  jiectorals,  con- 
tinuous posteriorly  with  the  caudal  Iin,  which  is  very  narrow  juul  not  <liH- 
tinct;  origin  of  anal  at  end  of  first  third  of  length.  Whitish  or  bright 
brown,  dusky  posteriorly  on  body  and  fins;  mouth,  gill  cavity,  ami  peri- 
toneum white.  One  specimen,  3i^  inches  long,  from  B«^ring  .Sea  north  of 
Unalaska  Island.    (Gilbert.)     («m««,  tf///d5,  suubnosed.) 

Careproctvt  sitnvs,  (iu.nEBT,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fisli  Coiiini.  ISOli  (189C),  444,  Bering  Sea  north  of 
Unalasica,  at  Albatross  Station  3331,  in  350  fathoms. 


Subgenus  CAREPROCTUS,  Kroyer. 
2461.  t'iUKl'nOCTl'S  (OLl.ETTI,  Gilhert. 

Head  5,  blunt  and  heavy,  with  subvertical  cheeks  and  bluntly  rounded 
snout,  the  latter  not  projecting  beyond  the  mouth;  greatest  depth  (at 
occiput)  fi;  eye  equals  length  of  snout,  3  J  in  head,  Is  in  interorbital  width  ; 
nape  not  elevated;  mouth  terminal  at  lower  side  of  snout,  slightly  obli(|ue, 


2132 


nuUctin  /7,  United  States  National  A  fiiseuni. 


Mi  If 


Sif 


s 

vi 


m 


Uh  liiteriil  cit'ft  iilioiit  j{  itH  wiillli;  lowor  Jaw  Hliiittin|{  witliiii  (henppi^r; 
nniflo  nf  nioiitli  nMirhlii^  n  vortical  iniilwuy  bi^twoon  front  of  oyo  iind 
front  (tf  pupil;  tooth  luncooliito,  iiciito,  witlioiit  triino  of  liaHiil  cuHpn;  ^il| 
opening  a  narrow  Hlit,  ontiroly  iibovohnHtt  of  pcctoralH,  itn  louKtli  i  diiiuw- 
tor  of  *\vr;  <)|>flrcli'  ]>ro«liuu)<l  |>oHtf)rli>rly  iiitu  a  rmindt'd  lolio,  whirh  omt- 
lapn  the  k'"  optuiinu;  dink  oltloii);,  of  niodoratn  ni/.e,  pbiced  under  tlm 
])OHtorior  ]tart  of  houd  Itohiiid  th»  i<yuH,  forming,  in  alroholin  KpucinicnH,  n 
very  (loop  (Mip-Hliapi'd  deproHHion  with  incurviMl  (mI^dh;  dianiotor  of  dink 
about  (M|UHling  thatof  uyo;  dinlt  nupartittid  from  vont  by  .)  itH  ilianiotor; 
upp»r  pt«ctoral  lolte  reaching  ori^^in  of  anal  flu,  tlio  rayH  of  Iow(>r  lobit 
(dongat<>,  rxtouHivuly  fine,  longi'v  tlian  upper  lolie,  and  roachin^r  to 
or  nearly  to  front  of  anal;  intorniediato  rays  not  uh  Nbort  aa  in  ('. 
rchihardi,  hardly  forming  a  Hoparato  diviHion  of  tlio  tin,  tbt«  raya  boin^ 
gradually  and  uniformly  Hhortonod  from  abov<>  <lownward  to  origin  of 
lower  lobe;  pectoral  rayH  20;  dorHal  beginning  immediately  Itohind  the 
head;  dintnaco  from  tip  of  Hiiout  to  origin  of  unnl  3i|^  in  length;  HoriuH  ol 
0<mHpicuou8  nnn-ouH  porra  on  bead,  na  in  <'.  reliiluirdi.  Cobir  in  H])iritH, 
duHky,  the  tip  of  nnout,  under  aide  of  head,  opercleS;  abdomen,  and  jioh- 
terior  portion  of  vortiral  flna  blattk;  innide  of  mouth  and  gill  cavity 
dnaky;  peritoneum  black.  Cloaoly  related  to  C.  rrinhardi,  from  which  il 
ditVera  principully  in  the  elongation  and  exHcrtion  of  the  lower  pectoral 
raya.  Theae  rxtond  in  all  Hpecinienn  to  or  nearly  to  tlie  origin  of  the  anal 
tin,  and  are  always  free  for  the  greater  part  of  their  length.  Length  ;{.! 
inchea.  North  i'acitlc,  aouth  of  the  Alaakan  I'eninnula.  ("Named  in 
honor  of  Prof.  Robert  ("ollett,  tlie  diatinguinht'd  author  of  the  l-'iahoa  of 
the  Norwegian  North  Atlantic  Expedition.'') 

Vareproetttt  eolletti,  Qujikrt,  Ropt.  IT.  S.  IMxh  Comm.  1893  (1800),  442,  south  of  the  Alaska 
Peninaula,  at  Albatross  Station  3338,  in  6a j  fathoms.    (Typo,  No.  48008.) 

S468.  CAREPROCTIJK  PIIASMA,  fMlbert. 

Eye  4  in  head,  2  in  total  interorbital  width.  J).  53;  P.  34.  Ilend  broad 
and  Hat  above,  Hulxiuadrate,  with  nearly  vertical  cheeks.  Snout  very 
obtuse,  bioa«lly  rounded,  much  blunter  than  in  C.  spectrum,  very  slightly 
overlapping  the  mouth;  width  of  snout  IJ  in  length  of  head;  mouth 
very  broad,  somewhat  oblique,  reaching  vertical  slightly  behind  lY-ont  of 
eye,  its  width  more  than  twice  the  amount  of  lateral  cleft  taken  axially. 
Teeth  minute,  acute,  in  a  moderate  band  in  eacli  Jaw,  arranged  in  obli(|ue 
series  within  the  baud.  Nostrils  opening  in  a  abort  but  conspicuous  tube 
(the  tube  absent  and  the  ])ore  smaller  in  C.  apvctnun).  Mu(;ouh  pores  small. 
Gill  slit  Hhort,  slightly  less  than  diameter  of  orbit,  its  inferior  en<l  attached 
to  base  of  upper  pectoral  ray,  overlapped  for  almost  its  entire  ext<'nt  by 
the  broadly  rounded  opercular  Hap.  Sucking  disk  coraparativ«'ly  large, 
much  larger  than  in  C.  apectriim,  1}  times  diameter  of  eye,  3^  in  head, 
very  nearly  round,  the  transverse  diameter  equaling  or  slightly  exceeding 
the  hmgitudinal  diameter.  Vent  inimediattdy  behind  edge  of  sucking 
disk ;  anal  papilla  slender,  J  as  long  as  diameter  of  eye.  Pector.-il  lin  very 
broad,  barely  reaching  front  of  anal,  the  lower  rays  etjualing  the  ujiper, 


Jordan  and  FArrmaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2133 


oxtt'iiHlvtily  t'ri'it  »t  tip;  lower  luliMof  imctoral  I'untiiiiihi^  K  urUrayH;  dorHiil 
Ito^iiiiiiii^  lioliiiMl  ^ill  opuiiiiiK  lit  a  tliHtaiico  <M|Uiiliii)(  iliiiiiiui«<r  of  eye. 
Hkin  rxciMMllii^lv  Hot't,  tlilok,  iiiid  lax,  in  nlcolmlir  Hpu«'iiii«iis  turiDJn;;  t'oUlH 
(III  hnail  anil  hotly  an*l  mnroulin^  tli(<  ra,vN  of  tliu  thiH,  (,'olor  nnilorni  wliittt 
ill  Hpii'itH.  Chmoly  rolatoil  to  I'tireprortun  hiwdnim,  Itoun,  from  tlio  naiiio 
ru^i'*'!)  ili'I<^i'i')K  '■>  tl>"  iiiiirh  lai'f^er  Hiiuklii^  iIIhU  anil  ilio  iiarruwiM-  ^ill 
Mlit,  tlio  lattor  ooiilliied  (o  area  aliuvo  basn  of  itrrtorals,  itH  anterior  mar- 
gin fonnuil  of  tlio  liroatUy  ami  evonly  i'onu<li!il  oprrrular  IoImi.  Lvn^tli 
3^  iiiclutH.     IW'iHtol  May,  AliiHka,  in  drup  water,     (iltdd/iia,  a  npuctre.) 

Oart-jirMtu*  jihatma.  HU.UKRT,  Ke|it.  IT.H.  FlMliCoiiini.  IHtCI  (IHim),  44U,  Bristol  Bay,  Alaska, 
at  Albatrocs  Station*  3354  nnd  3356,  in  46  and  49  fathomi. 

240:1.  I  AUKI'ltoni  S  SPKCTKIN,  Dean. 

Head  4;  depth  I;  oye  3.  I).  52;  A.  47;  ventral  disk  Hiiiall,  jj  nn  loiif; 
ao  eyo.  Mouth  laif^e,  tho  inaxilla  oxtundin);  to  about  ludow  the  mid- 
dle of  ityc.  Pet'toral  reaching  to  above  anal  ori)i;iii;  dorHal  be^iniiinK 
over  the  axil  of  p«M-tora1.  Ctdor  along  buck  of  Hoinu  exainpl«>H  light 
brown,  elsewhere  uniformly  palo.  Length  of  type  Si',,  inchuH.  Twenty- 
nix  HpecimtMiH  were  obtained,  .Inly  31,  188K,  iM'twoeu  IJnga  und  Nugai 
iHlanda.  (Mean.)  Garman  refciH  this  Hperiett  to  the  synonymy  of  Care- 
proctus  gdat'inoBHH,  M'hich  is  probably  not  lorreet.     {spevtrum,  Hpeutro. ) 

Careproetui  tpeetnim,  Oean,  rrcHi.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mim.  18IM),  40,  between  Unga  and  Nagai 
islands,  55°  10'  N.,  160°  18'  W.,  at  Albatross  Station  3848,  in  no  fathoms. 


the  Alaska 


11464.  <'AKKI>l(0(  TIS  KKIMIAUIII  (Kiiiyer). 

Head  lA ;  depth  5A ;  eye  5  to  (J.  1).  54;  A.  45;  0.  12;  P.  32.  Body  Homi- 
trauHpareut,  covered  with  viHeid  skin.  Head  short  and  globular.  Caudal 
fin  very  Hleuder,  Joined  to  the  dorsal  and  anal;  month  nearly  horizontal; 
lower  jaw  searcely  projecting.  Ventral  disk  little  larger  than  eye.  Pec- 
toral d<'eply  einargiuate,  nearly  as  long  as  head,  reaching  anal,  the  lower 
rays  exserted,  appearing  as  a  series  of  short  twisti'd  tllanients.  Distanee 
from  ventral  disk  to  vent  not  more  than  diameter  of  eye;  head  with  con- 
spiciiouri  mucous  pores.     Color  ])ale  reddish  gray,  unmarked.     (Collett.) 

Mr.  Garman  adds  to  this:  Hody  translucent,  jelly-like;  skin  lax,  viscid; 
teeth  simple;  ventral  disk  very  small, situated  far  forward,  almost  hidden 
by  the  anterior  portions  of  the  jiectorals;  vent  near  the  disk,  about  mid- 
way from  snout  to  anal;  tail  long,  slender,  tapering  to  a  ]>oint;  caudal 
continuous  with  dorsal  and  anal;  fin  rays  soft,  slender;  pectorals  semicir- 
cular, below  the  head,  beginning  far  in  front  and  close  together  near  the 
symphysis  of  the  lower  jaw,  first  H  or  10  rays  projecting,  larger  median 
portion  with  short  ones,  upper  elongate;  eyes  comparatively  large,  more 
than  i  as  long  as  the  head,  which  latter  is  i  to  ^  of  the  total  length.  Only 
1  pair  of  nostrils  was  detected,  and  they  were  not  prolonged  in  tubes. 
Color  pale  reddish  gray,  or  whitish;  110  bands  or  marks.  An  Arctic,  deep- 
sea  form,  descending  to  700  fathoms.  Known  from  Greenland,  .Ian  Mayen, 
and  Beeren  Island.  (Named  for  Professor  .T.  Keinhardt,  of  the  University  of 
Copenhagen,  who  wrote  largely  on  the  fauna  of  Greenland.) 


2134         Bulletin  //,  United  States  Na^'i'ual  Museum. 


te' 


fi  •. 


it  I,  ■  <T 


Liparis  gclatinoiut,  Reinhahdt,  OverHijjt,  otc,  1844,  77 ;  not  of  Paulas. 
LlparxH  ((Mreprvctus)  rnnhanii,  Kriiyor,  Nnturli.  Tidskr.,  i,  252,  1862,  Greenland. 
CareiJioetim reinhanli,  CoLLUrr,  Nornko  Nonl-IIiivs  Kxi>ih1.,  57,  1880;  Jokjjan  &.  GiLBEET, 
Synopsis,  057,  1883;  Gaiiiman,  Discoboli,  78,  180'J. 

3405.  CAItEIMtOCTI'K  ItAMJLA  (Ooudi  Jk  Konn). 

Iload  4 ;  depth  6.  D.  iS:^ ;  A.  48::^  ;  pectoral  15  +  12  or  13.  Bcdy  thick, 
Hubcyliiidricul  anteriorly,  rapidly  tapering  to  tho  tail;  Hkin  thick,  lax. 
Mead  swollen  at  the  nape;  width  little  greater  than  depth,  twice  that  of 
disk;  length  of  disk  2^  iiiterorbital  width.  Snout  l)n>ad,  about  ^  as  long 
as  head;  month  cleft  not  readiing  a  vertical  from  orbit;  upper  Jaw  the 
longer;  ej'e  lateral,  not  interfering  with  i)pj»er  profile,  about  i  of  head; 
nostril  near  the  eye ;  from  snout  to  first  dorsal  ray  ^,  and  from  snout  to 
first  anal  ray  about  '^  of  length  of  body;  origin  of  anal  below  eighth  ray 
of  dorsal;  disk  slightly  longer  than  its  distance  from  the  snout,  or  thuu 
its  width.  Color  uniform,  whitish.  Off  Halifax  Harbor,  in  52  fathoms. 
(Goode  and  Bean.)  Garmau  refers  this  species  to  tho  synonymy  of  Care- 
2>roctu8  rtinhurdi,  which  m;iy  be  correct,  (ranula,  tadpole,  diminutive  of 
rana,  frog.) 

Liparin  ranula,  Goouk  &,  JJkan,  I'roc.  F.  S.  Nat.  !^[u8.  1879,  46,  Halifax  ;  Jordan  &,  Gu.- 
HKKT,  Synopsis,  '^42,  1883. 

24«6.  CAREPEOCTUS  OSTENTUM,  Gilbert. 

The  snout  is  longer  and  more  pointed  than  in  Careprocius  phasma  or  Carc- 
proctiia  Hpcch'uvi,  its  width  little  greater  than  its  length,  2J  in  head.  Mouth 
with  very  distinct  lateral  cleft,  its  width  less  than  its  length.  Maxillary 
reaching  a  vertical  line  crossing  orbit  behind  pupil,  l/'o  in  head;  teeth 
minute,  in  narrow  bands,  indistinctly  tricuspid:  eye  e«iualing  length  of 
snouf,  l.V  in  total  ^\idth  of  interorbital  area.  The  true  bony  interorbital 
width  is  much  narrower  than  this.  In  the  specimen  examined  the  oyii- 
dermis  of  the  head  is  Largely  lost,  and  the  width  of  the  gill  slip  can  not 
be  determined.  A  short  nostril  tube.  Fins  as  in  C.  spevtrnm  and  V. 
phasma.  Skin  loose,  thinner  than  in  ('.  phuKVia.  Color  white  or  slightly 
l)rownish,  minutelj  puuctulate  with  black.  Differing  from  C.  apectrmn  in 
the  minute  size  of  tho  Slicking  disk,  which  is  reduced  to  a  mere  rudiment 
entirely  concealed  by  the  anterior  (lower)  lobes  of  the  pectoral  fins,  about 
one  millimeter  in  diamc^tei  in  a  specimen  78  mm.  long.  Bering  Sea,  north 
of  Uualaska  Island,  in  deep  water,     {ostentum,  a  spectre.) 

Cai-eproctiiv  ostejitu  'ii,  (xIIJiert,  Rojjt.  TT.  S.  Fish  Coram.  1893  (1896),  444,  Bering  Sea,  north 
of  Unalaska  Island,  at  Albatross  Stations  3324  and  3331,  in  109  and  350  lathoms. 
(Type,  No.  48019.) 


r 


2407.  (  AUEPKOCTIS  OEKATIXOSUS  (P.-illas). 

D.  more  than  50;  A.  about  45;  C.  (>;  ca'ca  48;  vertebra^  64.  Verti- 
cal fins  configuous.  Ventral  disk  small,  supported  l)y  a  bilamellated 
cartilage,  which  descends  from  the  throat.  Body  oblong,  compressed, 
thicker  toward  the  head  and  thinner  toward  the  tail,  semitrausparent, 


land. 

(  &.  GiLUEBT, 


lody  thick, 
thick,  hix. 
ico  that  of 
t  i  as  long 
or  jaw  the 
J  of  head ; 
m  snout  to 
eighth  ray 
tit,  ov  thuu 
)2  fathoms, 
ly  of  Care- 
luinutive  of 

OKUAN  &  Gii.- 


ama  or  Carc- 
ad.    Month 
Maxilhiry 
lead;  teeth 
K  lengtli  of 
nteroihitiil 
lied  the  opi- 
Islip  can  not 
Inon  and  C. 
or  slightly 
8})ectnnn  in 
e  rudiuicnt 
|l  fins,  ahout 
r  yea,  north 


|ng  Sea,  north 
350  lathoms. 


64.  Verti- 
iilamellated 
ponipressed, 
Irausparent, 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2135 


exceedingly  soft,  like  jelly.  Head  thiek,  somewhat  depressed.  Hat  on  tlie 
vertex,  and  convcc  between  the  orbits.  Eyes  directed  npward;  nostrils 
in  middle  betwotm  margin  of  mouth  and  orbit,  witli  a  small  tubnlar 
appendage;  a  series  of  pores  along  upper  lip  toward  gill  opening. 
Lips  thick;  cleft  of  month  directed  npward,  as  in  I'raiioscopiia,  bnt  with 
the  lower  jaw  less  ])rominent;  jaws,  i)alate,  and  jtharynx  rough  with 
teetii;  l  gills  on  ea(^h  side;  7  brauchiosti'gals.  (Jill  opening  rednct^d  to 
a  slit  almve  base  of  pectorals.  Pectorals  large,  very  broad,  commencing 
at  the  throat,  the  inferior  part  of  tlu  ir  bases  being  i)arallel,  ascending 
to  the  gill  opening,  composed  of  ahont  IJO  rays,  (he  inferior  very  short 
and  not  connected  by  a  membrane.  Dorsal  and  anal  lins  continnous  with 
the  caudal,  commencing  a  little  behind  middle  of  body,  and  compoH<!d  of 
feeble  rays;  jngnlardisk  situated  between  the  pe<!torals  in  front  of  the 
vent,  very  small,  soft,  snpporte«l  by  a  bilamellated  cartilage  which 
debdonds  from  the  throat;  vent  between  pectorals;  caudal  small,  6-raycd. 
Kose-colored;  vertical  tins  violei ;  gill  cavity  black.  Steller  adds  the  fol- 
lowing auatcmiical  details:  Ovarium  orbicular,  eontaiuing  eggs  of  the 
size  of  a  pea.  Liver  large,  divided  into  4  lobes,  of  a  whitish  color;  gall 
bladder  absent;  spleen  triangular,  brown;  stomach  3  times  as  wide  as 
the  (esophagus;  48  pyloric  appendages,  2  inches  long  and  as  tliiik  as  the 
wing  feather  of  a  pigeon,  in  a  specimen  18  inches  long;  remainder  of 
intestinal  tract  about  as  long  as  the  fish;  urine  bladder  the  size  of  a 
hazelnut;  kidneys  united  into  one  cuneit\um  niUHs,  commencing  near  the 
gills  and  extending  to  anterior  porti<ni  «U  ovarium;  meter  single,  very 
wide,  ilexous,  becoming  narrower  before  its  iiisiitlon  into  the  bladder. 
'rh(»  ttertn  opHci  and  ol/actorii  have  one  common  ganglion,  from  which, 
first,  the  former  arise,  emitting  the  lattcn-  from  the  angle  formed  by  the 
nerves  and  the  ganglion.  Skeleton  very  slightly  osseous.  (%>ast  of  Kam- 
chatka. Specimens  (1  of  18  inches  long)  were  iomul  by  Steller  in  Peter 
and  Patil  Harltoi*,  Kamchatka.  (I'allas.)  The  spiMJei*  has  not  been  recog- 
nized by  recent  writers.     Not  seen  by  us.     (//(7a/(tto«/(«,  jelly-like.) 

Gycloplerus  gelatinomin,  Vallas,  H|ii(  ilcgiii,  vii,  10,  1700,  Peter  and  Paul  Harbor,  Petro- 

paulski  Kamchatka.     (Coll.  StclltT.) 
Liparit  ijehttimmis,  (ii'NTiiiat,  Cat.,  ni,  lfi;i,  1801. 
Careproctus  <jiU(ttino.sun,  JouoA.v  &  (iu.BEUT,  SyuopsiH,  TIO,  188;i;  (Barman,  Discoboli,  in 

Memoir  M.  C.  Z.,  No.  2,  xiv,  76,  1892. 

Subgenus  ALLOCHIR,  Jordiiii  \-  Evcriniinii. 
L»4«s.  ('AKKI'lKMTrs  MKI.  t  VI  lU  S,  GillHit. 


50;  P.  30. 


Head  4^  to  4^  in  length ;  depth  4^-  to  4|.  1).  about  58 ;  A 
Head  heavy,  with  vertical  cheeks,  short  bluntly  rounded  snout,  and 
very  broad.  Hat  interorbitaJ  space.  Width  of  interorbital  space  slightly 
more  than  i  length  of  head.  Mouth  very  broad,  horizontal,  with  short 
lateral  cleft,  the  maxiUary  reaching  to  below  middle  of  eye;  width  of 
mouth  equaling  length  of  snout  and  eye.  Teeth  short  and  strong,  in  nar- 
row bands  in  both  jaws;  except  at  sy  physi,"  the  teeth  of  the  bands  are 
arranged  in  regular  series  ruuuiug  from  inner  edge  of  jaw  forward  and 


2136  Ihdlctin  ^7,  United  States  National  Mnsenm. 


Hiduward.  Tonjjut'  and  voof  «)f  mouth  papilloue  and  toothless.  Gill 
I'akcrs  tuboifulai'.  Nostrils  siiiglt^,  in  a  very  short  wid«'.  tuhe,  which  is 
nuarer  eye  than  cloft  of  mouth.  Gill  opening  oblique,  entirely  above  base 
of  poctorals,  the  leUf^tli  of  slit  ('(lualing  snout  and  ^  '^yc.  A  sorites  of 
(I  poreH  along  under  Midi-  of  mandible  and  iutoropiTcle;  none  on  pre- 
opt>rol«t;  3  abovo  prenuixillary,  and  2  pairs  on  snout;  no  pores  along 
Bldfe  of  bo<ly.  Hucking  disk  extremely  small,  little  more  than  \  diam- 
eter of  orbit,  its  center  and  the  ndtblle  of  pupil  equidistant  from  tip  of 
snout;  disk  separated  liom  vent  by  a  tride  less  than  its  own  diam- 
eter. Pectorals  forndng  a  ctmtinuous  lamella,  f(dlowing  the  iimrgin  of 
gill  llap  and  lower  Jaw,  tin*  2  fi'is  bocomiiig  closely  approxinuited  iu  front 
of  sucking  disk ;  fiy  uol  iiofciied,  the  rays  decreasing  regularly  forward, 
8  to  10  of  the  anterior  rays  exserted  and  elongated,  tlie  anttU'ior  4  ot 
5  becoming  again  shorter  and  thicker,  and  wholly  I'ree  from  the  mem- 
brane; pectorals  scarcely  reaching  front,  of  anal,  j  to  \  length  of  lieiid; 
dorsal  beginning  over  gill  slit,  the  distance  from  origin  of  anal  to  snoiili, 
2i  in  length;  (ins  all  enveloped  in  thin  lax  skin,  so  that  it  is  impossible 
to  count  rays  accurately  without  dissf^ction;  posterior  dorial  and  anal 
rays  well  overlapping  base  of  caudal,  their  meudna/ics  joining  nuddio 
of  cii'idal  rays.  Color  light  rose-red  on  body  and  fins,  abdomen  usually 
dusky;  inner  face  of  pectorals,  caudal,  i)ostorior  portions  of  dorsal  and 
anal,  and  inside  of  mouth  and  gill  ope.'iings  black;  peritoueiira  silvery, 
with  more  or  less  black  specking,  sometimes  nearly  black.  Several 
specimens,  the  longest  about  G  inches  long,  from  Albatross  Stations  2840, 
28!»1,2H92,  2925,  and  3070,  iu  depths  from  178  to  3;}»  fathoms  off  the  coast 
of  California  and  Oregon.     (Gilbert.)     (//e'Aa?  black;  ovpd  tail.) 

Oareproctun  inclaiiurus,  Gu.hkht,  Proc.  T.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  1891,  500,  gff  cpssj  nf  California 
and  Oiegon,  at  Albatross  Stations  2840,  2891.  2892,  3925,  and  3076,  in  ij6  tu  339  fathoms. 
(Typo  in  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.) 

Subgenus  ALLURUS,  Jordan  Jt  Evorniann. 

3401).  (  AIIKPKOCTIJS  E(TF,>ES.  (iilbert. 

Head  ^  in  total  length,  its  (jcjilh  |,  and  its  Avi(l|))  J  its  length.  An  ex- 
tremely elongate  form,  dc^pressed  hut  narrow  anteiiot|y,  the  head  as  seen 
from  above  appearing  shovel-shaped,  with  tiuncate  snout;  nape  not 
elevated  and  the  cheeks  not  gibbous;  width  ;uiteriorly  everywhere  ex- 
ceeding <lepth ;  mouth  inferior  and  transvi  iNe,  overlani)eil  by  the  short, 
depressed  snout  for  a  distance  eciualing  dianuiter  of  pupil;  width  of 
mouth  nearly  twice  distance  from  symphysis  of  lower  Jaw  to  angle  of 
mouth,  the  latter  reaching  ve:tical  from  snout  to  front  of  jtujdl.  Teeth 
small,  W(!akly  tricuspid,  in  narrow  hands,  lower  jaw  containing  10  series 
in  each  half,  the  upper  11.  Eye  large  IJ  in  total  iiiterorhital  width, 
ei^ualing  length  of  snout,  3^  in  h<'ad.  'los^irils  with  a  very  short  tubular 
rim.  Mucous  pores  large;  texture  of  head  and  l)0(|y  lirtiier  than  in  most 
deep-sea  Liparids.  Gill  opening  reduced  to  a  nartow  slit  oiitirely  ahovtt 
the  pectorals,  its  width  e(|ualing  h  diameter  of  orbit.  Opefcle  produced 
into  a  narrow  spinous  process,  forming,  with  its  membranaceous  flap,  a 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      2137 

quudrutr  projectiun  over  iiiitUUe  Hiit.  DIhU  small,  under  tln'  opcrclnH  and 
posterior  part  of  checks,  round  in  shape,  sli^ihtly  smaller  than  ey»',  its 
diameter  i  length  of  hond;  vent  sepurated  from  disk  by  about  \  diauu-tor 
of  disk.  Distance  from  vent  to  front  of  anal  \  its  distance  fr)in  tip  •)f 
suout.  Body  extremely  slender,  its  depth  at  middle  of  total  length  eciiiul- 
ing  diameter  of  eyo,  at  base  of  caudal  eijiialiug  ji  diameter  of  pupil.  Dor- 
sal beginning  slightly  behind  axil  of  pectorals;  distance  from  origin  of 
anal  to  ti|)  of  snout  \,  its  distance  from  base  of  caudal;  upper  lobe  of  pec- 
toral extending  slightly  past  front  of  aual,  the  lower  lobe  to  opposite  the 
vent;  rays  of  lower  lobe  partly  Uv&\  dorsal  with  about  HI  rays,  pectorals 
with  U!).  Color  nearly  uniform  dusky  brownish,  lighter  on  snout,  belly, 
and  under  sid<'  of  head;  iiKUith,  gill  cavity  and  perit(uieura  white. 
Length  ;j  inches.  Bering  Sea  north  of  Tnalaska  Island,  in  deep  water. 
{ifcr8i'i'/f,  drawn  out.) 

Oan'proclii.s  eetenes,  (Ui.iikut,  Kept.  II.  S.  Kisb  Cdiiiih.  J893  (1896),  442,  Bering  Sea  north 
of  Unalaska  Island,  at  Albatross  Station  3331,  in  350  fathoms. 

788.  GYRINICHTHYS,  (filbert. 

Ojiriniehtliiis,  (ill.IlERT,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish  Coiimi.  1803  (1896),  444  (inini/trciinig). 

Teeth  simple,  not  tricuspid.  Hody  attenuate  posteriorly,  as  in  J'<tr<ilip- 
<iri8,  the  tail  scarcely  distinct.  Disk  small,  under  the  ])<)steri<u'  part  of 
the  head,  th<'  vent  immediately  behind  it.  Pectorals  without^  anterior 
lobe,  the  rays  progressively  shortened,  none  of  them  cxserted  or  with  free 
tips.  (Jill  openings  reduced  to  a  minute  round  poie,  well  above  base  of 
pectorals.     One  species  known,     (^^j'/j/ro?,  tadpole;  /^Ot'j,  fish.) 


2470.  GIBIMC  HfllY.S  MIXYTBEMl  S,  (Jilhirt. 

Body  in  the  type  greatly  distended  with  eggs,  the  original  shape  ditVicult 
to  ascertain,  iiii)»ering  ]»osterioiiy  into  an  extremely  slender,  coiiipicssed 
tail.     Head  slender,  not  greatly  depressed,  the  depth  and  width  abo^/ 
equal.     Nuehal  region  not  elevated,  the  profile  rising  but  little  behind  the 
snout,  svl/leh  is  blunt,  with  almost  verticil  piolile.     Mouth  very  snuiil, 
almost  entirely  tri  nsverso  at  m\d  of  snout,  with  but  littlelater.il  cleft,  the 
angle  of  mouth  scarcely  reacliii.g  vertical  from  nostril;  jaws  even,  the 
snout  very  slightly  iirolriiding   beyond   premax  ilia  lies.     Teeili  slender, 
aeicular,  without   cusps,  the   inner  teeth   longest;   bands  of  teeth  very 
narrow,  with  but  5  or  fl  ob]i(|iie   serie.**  jfl  /&flc)>  halJf  hf  each  Jaw;  the 
teeth   directed    backward,    but   scarcely    (lepressi(;le,     Nostrils   without 
tube.     Kye   large,    lA   in    total    inten.bital    wWMh,   cqut</|////    length   /ff 
snont.     Gill  opening  a  small  pore,  scarcely  larger  than  nostril,  wfcll  napif 
latedfrom  upper  margin  of  pectoral.     Disk  of  moderate  size,  round,  its 
diameter  equaling   A  length  of  bead;   vent  close  behind  disk,  separated 
fmni  il  i»y  l,  its  olitance  from  front  of  anal  tin.     I'ectoral  small,  its  iijqjer 
<dgH  on  a  lesel  with  lower  nnirgin  of  eye,  the  2  fins  ((uix  erging  under  the 
throat,  the  anterior   rays  progre.  sively  shortened,  all  included  within 
the  membrane ;  dorsal  without  any  detached  anterior  portion,  bigiiming 
well  behind  the  head,  at  a  distance  from  gill  opening  e(£ualing  h  length  of 
3030 57 


2138  BiiUi'tin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


■M 


lina«l;  like  tlio  anal,  it  is  continnous  with  the  very  narrow  cnudal  I'm, 
tlieiv  being  no  uotcli  or  evident  separation  between  tboni;  distance  from 
tip  of  Huout  to  front  <»f  anal  \i  in  distance  of  latter  from  base  of  caudal; 
dornal  with  about  45  rays;  caudal  with  a  very  narrow  base,  containing, 
a|)parently,  11  rays,  its  length  equaling  that  of  snout  and  eye.  Color  light 
brownish,  everywhere  dusted  with  niinut(«  bhu  k  specks,  which  are  largest 
on  back  an<l  tail;  lining  of  mouth  and  gill  cavity  and  peritoneum  white. 
Eggs  large,  visible  through  the  abdominal  wall,  about  3i  nun.  in  diameter. 
L(!ngth  'i  inches.  Hering  Soa,  north  of  Unalaska  Inland,  in  ;{50  fathoms; 
only  the  type  known,     {niupoi,  reduced;  rpiintx,  aperture.) 

Oyrinichthiis  minytremug,  Gilbert,  Kept.  U.  8.  Comm.  1803  (1896),  444,  Bering  Sea,  north 
of  Unalaska  Island,  at  Albatross  Station  3331,  in  350  fathoms.     (Type,  No.  48017.) 


789.  AMITRA,  Ooode. 


m 


Amitra,  Goode,  Troc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1880, 478  (liparina). 

Monomilra,  UoouE,  Proc.  l'.  S.  Nat.  Mim.  1883, 109  (liparina)  ;  name  changed  on  accouutof 
the  prior  use  of  (ho  name  Amitrun. 

Body  elongjite,  attenuate  backward,  covered  with  lax,  smooth,  slimy 
skin,  whiili  is  separated  from  the  body  and  tins  by  a  tilmy  mucous  iiiter- 
tisaue.  Head  sm.ill,  thick,  convex  between  eyes;  snout  convex,  protrud- 
ing; mouth  snuill,  horizontal,  the  lower  jaw  included;  teath  small;  eyes 
lateral ;  gill  opi'uings  restricted  to  small  slits  above  the  base  of  the  pecto- 
riils,  covered  by  the  very  small  ojiercle;  psoudobranchisu  present,  very 
small,  no  barbels;  dorsal  and  anal  tins  many-rayed;  dorsal  continuous, 
almost  concealed  by  the  skin,  the  spines  scarcely  diftercnt  from  the  soft 
rays;  anal  similar  to  dorsal;  both  connected  with  the  caudal,  which  is 
jiointed;  no  trace  of  ventral  tins  or  sucking  disk;  pectoral  fin  very  broad, 
procurrent,  its  lower  rays  inserted  nearly  under  the  eye,  the  tin  emargi- 
nate;  vent  well  behind  head.  This  genus  is  of  very  doubtful  value,  the 
presence  of  joeudobrancliiai  alone  separating  it  from  Paraliparis.^  (d, 
without;  /lirpa,  stcmiacher.) 


2471.  AillITU.4  LlPAllINA,  (!o(«lt". 

D.  67;  A.  54;  pectoral  UH;  caudal  (5.  Body  elongate,  compressed  pos 
teriorly,  very  thin  at  the  tail,  covered  by  a  thick,  lax,  slimy  skin. 
Head  small,  thick,  convex  between  the  eyes,  length  4<t  times  in  width,  ^^| 

*The  iollowing  word.s  of  Profoasor  Putnam,  writtei'  before  tht  discovery  of  Pgjfchio- 
luti's  iiml  Liparididce  witiiout  ventral  disk,  are  of  interest  in  t:  's  eounectioii:  "I  HbouM 
l)ut  the  laniily  of  O'hiegocidce  fur  away,  at  hast  a.  .snhorder  off,  from  the  Cycloptfridce  anil 
Lipandidce.  whlclt  are  far  more  elosely  united  to  the  true  Cotticla;  rupreseiited  by  Cottrt 
and  Hi'mitvipterui,  than  to  eitiier  tlie  Gobiegocida;  ])roper  or  to  the  (Jobies  .and  lilenuies. 
In  fact,  Liparis  lias  as  close  attinitic.i,  as  shown  liy  its  skeleton,  with  Coltiin  and  Ilemi- 
tripterus  as  with  Cycloplenin;  and  we  have  in  the  three  {groups,  represented  by  ('oltus, 
Liparis,  .-lud  Ci/clopterus,  well-marked  families  of  thoname  suborder.  The  only  charai'tiT 
by  which  the  Ci/rlnpteridce  ami  ii>«W(/id«;  are  closidy  united  consists  in  the  i>e*'ruliar  form- 
ation of  the  venti'.il  disk  by  the  union  of  the  vcutral'liuH;  but  as  this  structure  is  simply 
brought  about  by  the  moditication  of  the  rays  iu  a  nuinncr  common  to  the  several  genera, 
and  not  l)y  any  nuirkcd  anatomical  ditlcrence  in  the  structure  of  the  same  fins  in  Cottut, 
I  can  only  look  upon  it  as  a  generic  character  common  to  the  known  representatives  of 
both  families  of  ('yeliyptiTtdm  and  TAparididm;  and  the  discovery  of  a  representative  of 
either  family  with  ventral  fins  of  the  ordinary  form  would  not  necessitate  the  establish- 
ment of  a  family  Cor  its  reception,  as  in  that  case  we  should  Hiiui)ly  consider  the  structure 
as  of  generic  value."    (Putnam,  Proc.  Aiu.  Ass.  Adv.  Sci.  1873, 337.) 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2139 


amlal  tin, 
;ance  from 
Df  ciuuliil; 
ontaininp, 
Jolor  liglit 
arc  largest 
Dum  wliito. 
II  diameter. 
.0  fatUoms ; 


ig  Sea,  north 
,,  No.  48017.) 


I  on  account  of 

lootU,  slimy 
ncoUH  inter- 
ex,  protnid- 
Hiniill;  eyes 
of  the  pet'to- 
irt'sent,  very 
1  continuous, 
from  the  soft 
Lai,  whicli  is 
I  very  broad, 
J  lin  emar gi- 
ll value,  tlie 


1  pressed  pos 
slimy   slviii. 
|iu  width,  ./i, 

pry  of  Pnychro- 
iioii:  "I  Khould 
l/cloptfridte  iHitl 
tilted  by  Cottit 
Y  Jiuil  l^leiiuies. 
|«i(»  and   lli'ini- 
lited  by  ColtUK. 
Jiouly  cliariK'tcr 
It^peAuliarforni- 
Icturc  is  simply 
Iseveviil  genera, 
\  tins  in  VotUit, 
Jjresentatives  of 
Ipresentiitive  of 
Ih  tlie  establish- 
Isrtlie  structure 


of  the  total  length  without  caudal;  snout  convex,  protruding;  mouth 
under  the  snout  and  far  back  from  its  tip;  eyes  lateral,  i  as  wide  aa  the 
intcrorbital  area;  nostrils  in  front  of  the  eye.  Operculum  very  small, 
Htrap-shapcd.  Gills  3i.  Pseudol)rauchiiii  present.  Teeth  weak,  paved. 
Dorsal  beginning  over  end  of  pectoral,  the  rays  and  outline,  as  of  the 
an.al,  hardly  visible  through  the  skin:  anal  beginning  below  eighth  to 
tenth  dorsal  rays;  dorsal  and  anal  rays  closely  connected  with  those  of 
caudal,  which  are  larger  and  extend  in  a  pencil-like  point;  ventrals 
absent;  pi^ctoral  broad,  lower  base  almost  below  posterior  margin  of 
orbit,  lowt'st  0  rays  prolonged.  The  jugular  disk  can  not  be  found.  Color 
yellowish  white,  dusky  toward  the  tail  and  Idackish  upon  the  anterior 
part  of  the  head;  abdominal  cavity  showing  black  through  the  skin. 
Length  5  inches.  Atlantic  Ocean,  oft'  lihode  Island,  in  487  fathoms. 
(Goode.)     (liparina,  like  Liparis.) 

Amitra  liparina,  Goode,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mna.  1880,  487,  off  Rhode  Island  (Type,  No. 

26184.    Coll.  Fiish  Hawk) ;  JuHDAN  &.  Gilhebt,  Synopsis,  739, 1883. 
Monomitra  liparina,  Goodk,  I'roc.  II.  8.  Nat.  Mus.  1883, 109. 
Varaliparis  liparinut,  (!15nther,  Challenger,  lieport,  xxn,  Deep-sea  Fishes,  08, 1887 ;  Gak- 

MAN,  Discoboli,  .12, 1892;  GoouE  &  Uean,  Occuuic  Ichthyology,  278, 1896. 


790.  PARALIPARIS,  Collett. 

Paraliparis,  Collett,  Viil.  Selsk.  Forh.  Christiana,  14,  32,  1878  (batht/bii). 
Hiljiendorjia,  GooiiK  &,  Bean,  Oceanic  Ichthyology,  280,  1890  (ineinbranacea). 
Amitrichthiji,  Jordan  &  Evebmann,  Check-List,  453,  1890  {cephalufi). 

This  genus  differs  from  Carcprnctiia  chiefly  in  the  total  absence  of  the 
ventral  disk.  The  teeth,  so  far  as  described,  are  simple,  as  in  the  older 
individuals  of  CareproctuH.  Body  long,  slender  in  the  caudal  portion, 
covered  with  a  loose,  thin  skin.  Vent  remote  from  the  anal.  Pecto- 
rals deeply  notched  or  divided.  Dorsal  and  anal  long,  and  confluent 
with  the  caudal.  Vertebra'  numerous.  Gill  rakers  3^.  Pseudobranchia^ 
entirely  wanting.  Deep-sea  fishes  of  the  Arctic.  The  sjiecies  are  all  of 
very  recent  discovery.  They  vary  considerably  ;anong  themselves,  and 
are  perhaps  divisible  into  2  or  3  genera.  Among  snch  degenerate  forms, 
the  characters  usually  taken  as  generic  lose  their  value.     {TttXfjd,  near; 

a.  Insertion  of  pectoral  low,  its  upper  ray  below  the  level  of  the  eye. 

PARALU'AHIS: 

b.  Gill  openings  rather  large,  the  gill  slit  extending  downward  to  opposite  middle 
of  pectoral;  head  large,  .5  in  length  ;  depth  0.  D.liO;  A. Si;  pectoral  divided 
to  tlie  base,  its  lobes  wholly  separaiu,  its  rays  24;  lower  jaw  included. 

holojielas,  2472. 
Amitbichtuvs  (a,  without;  iMiTpa,  stomacher;  ix9v^,  lish.): 
bb.  Gill  openings  restricted  ♦"  ilie  region  above  pectorals. 

c.  Head  very  large  1  m  length,  its  deptli  at  occiput  4J  iu  length,  twice 
depth  /  body  at  front  of  anal;  lower  jaw  prejecting;  pectoral  rays  14, 
the  lin  simply  notelied.  cephalus,  2473. 

cc.  Head  rather  small,  5  to  fi.J  in  length. 

d.  I'cetoral  lin  divided  to  tin?  base,  its  lobes  Hejinrate;  lower  jaw  in- 
cluded; head  5^  iu  length;  depth  i^.  KOSACEUS,  2474. 


2140 


Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


dd.  I'nctoral  li     Miiiro  or  Icsh  dcoply  iiotrlicd,  not  divlrtcd  to  bnae. 

«.  Luwttr  .|,i\v  |ii'«Jc'i'tiiig.    P.  lU;  D.  57;  A. 43;  head  5}  iiilrn(;th; 
depth  5}.  MENXO,  2475. 

ee.  LowtTJiiw  iiicliidod. 

/.  I'e.toriil  la.vH  ai;  head  flj  in  length;    depth  0.    D.65; 

A .  55.  COPKI,  2470. 

//.  rectoral  rays  30;  liead  5  in  lonptli;  dtiptli  6.1.    I).  5(1; 

A.  46.  iJACTVLosra,  '.2477. 

HlI.OKNI)OnFIA:* 

aa.  liiMcrtion  of  pectoral  vory  higii,  ita  upper  rays  above  pupil;  lower  Jaw  Included; 
pectoral  flu  notclied;  yill  opening  small;  head  5;  depth  5.  I).  65;  A.  60; 
r.  25.  ULOcmu,2478. 


b'r  • 


Subgenus  PARALIPARIS,  Collott. 
2472.  PAIlALIlMltIS  HOLO-VKLAS,  Gilbert. 

Head  about . "5;  depth  about  6;  eye  3|.  I).  58  to  61;  A.  54.  Head  very 
large  and  heavy,  with  very  broadly  rounded  snout,  and  much  swollen 
occi])ital  and  nuchal  regions,  the  highest  point  ovvv  uppca  operrnlur 
auglo,  from  which  point  the  profile  descends  lapidly  backward,  tliongh 
much  less  so  tlian  in  P.  ccplialiis.  Snout  very  blunt,  evenly  rounded,  vi-ry 
slightly  projecting  beyond  the  mouth,  its  width  equaling  length  of  snout 
and  eye,  .}  lengtli  of  head;  eye  jj  interorbital  width;  mouth  large, 
horizontal,  quite  at  lower  side  of  Huout,  entirely  Ix  low  the  eye;  max- 
illary reaching  a  vertical  slightly  behind  ]>osterior  margin  of  orbit,  IJ  in 
head;  teeth  acute,  arranged  in  (d)li(iue  series  in  each  Jaw,  forming  a  very 
narrow  band  in  niandil)le,  a  broader  band  in  upper  jaw;  very  large 
mucous  slits  on  head,  5  Ibrniing  a  series  from  tip  of  snout  below  eye  and 
across  cheek,  6  .along  mandibh' and  i)re<>percle;  gill  slit  wide,  extending 
from  above  oporoilar  Hap  nearly  to  middle  of  base  of  pectorals,  its  length 
2i  in  that  of  head;  opercle  forming  posteriorly  a  iiiirrow  angular  ilap, 
projecting  above  base  of  pectonils;  no  psendobraiichiic  ;  vent  below  oper- 
cular ilap,  or  somewhat  in  advance  of  that  point,  nearer  to  l>ase  of  pec- 
torals .luleriorly  than  to  first  anal  ray;  pectorals  inserted  very  low,  the 
base  of  upi)er  lobe  vertical,  the  base  of  notch  and  lower  lolie  horizontal, 
the  upper  end  of  base  below  the  level  of  the  eye;  pectorals  with  2  wholly 
distinct  lobes,  the  intersp;ice  without  free  membranaceous  margin,  the  skin 
of  abdomen  directly  continuous  at  this  point  with  that  ol'  shoulder  girdle. 
On  dissecting  off  the  integument,  however,  the  interspace  between  the 
lobes  is  seen  to  be  provided  with  2  or  '^  short,  widely  spaced  rays,  as  in 
all  other  ,spe<ies  examined  by  us;  upper  lobe  long,  reaching  beyond  front 
of  anal,  the  rays  close  set,  18  in  nuinlter,  included  in  the  membranes  to 
their  tips;  lower  lobe  ccmsisting  of  ;">  or  6  slender,  almost  Hlamentous 
rays,  the  longest  reaching  front  of  anal,  all  of  them  free  to  the  base, 
without  connecting  membrane;  anterior  (lower)  ends  of  shoulder  girdle 
ajjproximate,  the  rays  se])arated  by  a  distanct^  ecjualing  A  diameter  of 
pupil;  dorsal  beginning  above  base  of  pectorals.  (!olor  uniformly  black, 
including  tins  and  lining  of  mouth  and  gill  cavity.     Closely  allied  to  P. 


*  Named  for  Dr.  Franz  Uilgendorf.  itithyologist  of  the  Universitj  of  Berlin. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2141 


< I ))lialiiH  ami  I',  mnito,  dil)'i>riiif{  in  itH  iinifonii  coloration,  its  inoro  inlVri- 
«rly  ]>liio(!(l  liori/oiitiil  iiumth,  iiikI  tins  distiiu-tly  iiicliulrd  lower  Jiiw. 
Length  4  inolu's.  ISeiiiig  Sen,  north  of  rnaliisk.i  Lsliind,  in  (h'ci)  water; 
only  2  HiUM-iuienH  known.     ((Jilbert.)     (('>Ao?,  entirely;  //f'Ari;?,  black.) 

I'araUparin  hnlnmelat,  Gn.ni'.iiT,  Kept.  V.  S.  FIhIi  rdinm.  180.T  (ISitfl),  441,  Bering  Sea,  north 
of  Unalaska  Island,  at  Albatross  Stations  3308  and  333a,  in  406  and  1,635  fathoms. 
(Type,  N(>.48m7.) 


Subgenus  AMITRICHTHYS,  .Tonluii  A-  Kvcniimm. 
!!47».  IMKAIJI'AltlS  IKIMIAMN,*  (lilhert. 

Head  very  larjjo,  hish,  and  eoniprosscd,  the  ii^pt^r  proHlo  descending  in 
a  Rtrong  convex  cnrvo  behind  the  occiput;  body  tii])ering  posteriorly  to  a 
very  narrow  thread-liko  tail.  Sides  of  head  V(uticalor  inclining  inwards 
beb»w.  Height  of  head  twice  heiglit  of  body  oppositts  origin  of  anal. 
Interorbital  space  transversely  ronndod,  its  width  slightly  less  than 
h'ngtU  of  snout  and  eye.  Ey»'  of  moderate  size,  4  in  head,  without  verti- 
cal range.  Mouth  obli(iue,  the  preinaxillaries  but  little  below  lower 
margin  of  eye;  lower  jaw  longer  than  iipjter,  the  tip  protruding;  max- 
illary reaching  vertical  from  posterior  margin  of  eye,  slightly  more  than 
length  of  head.  Gill  slits  narrow,  confined  to  a  region  above  the  base  of 
the  ])cctoTalH;  membrane  connecting  branchiostegal  rays  with  shoulder 
girdle  yory  didicatoaud  easily  ruptured;  vent  distant  less  th.-in  a  diameter 
of  the  orbit  from  this  point,  being  below  the  front  margin  of  the  preo- 
percle.  Teeth  in  narrow  bands  in  both  Jaws,  the  teeth  of  the  bands 
arranged  in  ol)li(|ue  series  running  outward  and  forward;  palate  tooth- 
less. Ht^ad  il  in  length,  greatest  depth  (at  occiput)  4J.  Pectoral  small, 
with  about  14  rays,  the  upper  ones  closest  and  forniiiig  a  projecting  lobe, 
which  extends  backwards  to  beyond  origin  of  anal,  the  siicceeding  rays 
shortened  ajul  wide  set,  and  with  the  tips  free  from  the  membrane,  the 
fin  somewhat  mutilated,  but  apparently  notched,  not,  however,  to  the 
base,  the  median  portion  having  wide-set  rays;  upper  margin  of  pec- 
torals on  a  level  with  tip  of  lower  jaw;  dorsal  beginning  slightly  behind 
head;  first  ray  of  anal  under  eighth  of  dorsal,  ('(dor  light  reddish,  the 
abdomen  blue  black;  inside  of  mouth  and  gill  opening  white.  In  the 
smallest  8])ecimenH,  2  inches  long,  the  color  is  dusky  on  head  and  body, 
and  on  inside  of  mouth.  Longest  specimen  3|  inches.  This  species  dif- 
fers from  raraJipaiis  (Ffihinidorjia)  mimhranaccits  in  the  structure  of  the 
pectoral  fins  and  their  iniich  fewer  rays,  in  the  position  of  the  vent  (below 
the  jtosterior  margin  of  the  orbit  in  memhranaceus),  the  dift'erent  outline  of 
head,  and  in  the  larger,  more  oblique  mouth.  In  none  of  the  specimens 
of  eephaliis  are  there  iln  folds  extending  forward  from  front  of  dors.il  and 
anal,  as  described  in  vicmhranaceiiH.    Alaska  to  California,  in  deep  water; 


*  Dr.  Gilbort  later  records  several  morn  or  less  mutilated  speeimens  aftorwarda  taken 
north  of  Uiiiilaska  I^tlaud,  and  near  Point  ItevcH,  Calit'ornia,  in  dcptiis  of  Sni  iinil  iCto 
fatlioniH.  In  tliis  Hpecics  the  i)ectoral  is  inserted  very  low,  its  upper  edge  I'ntirch  lielow 
thi'  eye.  Tlio  lower  jaw  sliuts  wltliin  the  npjier,  but  rhe  syni]>hysi8  protrudes.  I'lic  dis- 
proportion in  size  of  head  and  hodyis  more  exa<rtlt"rated  in  the  yoniijj  than  in  adults.  In 
very  Binall  exuinples  the  lioiid  is  almost  s)>tierical,  diniiui.-ihiug  abruptly  to  the  very 
HtoBiterttiil.    No  pseudobranchitti.    ^Gilbert.) 


2142  BnUcthi  //,  T'^iiifrd  Slafcs  National  I\fHsfum. 

Hflvpral  Hpfit'iini'iiH  in  2SI  to  6^5  fiit)iniiiH  off  \\w  count  of  Oiilitbriiiii  and 
Oro^oii,  ami  north  of  ITnaluskii.     {HFiSix\i},  hoa<1.) 

I'ariilipiiri»  ci-iihalnn,  (iii.iiEiiT.  I'rix-.  V.  H.  Nat.  Mim.  IHOl,  riOl.  ofT  California  «nd  Oregon, 
at  Albatross  Stations  3839,  'Sga,  3070,  and  3071,  in  384  to  685  fathoms. 


1* 


2474.  rAUAUPAIUM  KOSAt'KllS.dilhcrt. 

Il<»ii(l  sninll,  oji ;  depth  I'i.  1).  58;  A.  53.  Fiody  slentlfr,  roverrd  witli 
lax  Hkiii,  whith  invcMtsalHo  tlio  IImh;  mouth  triinHvtTHc,  m-arly  horizontal, 
the  maxillary  Ncarrdy  vtMtical  from  front  of  pupil,  (U|ualin)i^  length  of 
Huout,  :{|  in  hoad;  ryv  i  intnrorhital  width,  5  in  h<>ad.  Toeth  in  lo\v<n- 
jaw  pointtMl,  in  a  Hin<>ii^  clom^-Hct  HcricH,  their  even  ti])H  forndn^j;  an  almost 
unil'orm  cuttinf;  ctljjf;  teeth  in  npjx'r.jaw  a|)parontIy  ])aved.  the  jaw  pre- 
Hcntin^  a  Hmooth,  rounded  Hurface,  on  which  the  treth  are  little  evident, 
but  occaHionally  prcHcntinjj  sharp,  projecting  points;  lower  Jaw  included. 
A  scries  of  conHpicuons  mucouH  ])()rcs  on  snout,  nuindildo,  and  on  ])reoper- 
cle.  Gill  opening  a  narrow  slit  above  base  of  peetovulH.  Pectoral  tin 
divided  into  2  wholly  distinct  lobes  not  connected  by  intervening  rays, 
a  space  without  rays  pr<'Hont,  equaling  diameter  of  pupil;  lowi-r  lolie  (»f 
4  rays,  the  longest  H  head,  inserted  under  preopercular  margin  ;  main  por- 
ti<m  of  the  tin  with  about  1,5  rays  and  but  slightly  long«'r  than  the  lower 
lobe;  dorsal  beginning  behind  middle  of  pectorals,  its  tlistance  from  tip 
of  snout  4,';  in  length;  distance  of  origin  of  anal  from  tip  of  snout  o(|ual- 
ing  i  standard  length;  vent  under  base  of  upper  pectoral  rays,  l)nt  wholly 
behind  base  of  lower  lobe  of  pectorals,  its  distance  from  tip  of  snout 
e(|ualing  length  of  head  and  equaling  also  its  distance  from  origin  of  anal ; 
no  trace  of  ventral  disk  or  tins.  Color  light  rose-red,  the  tins  and  h«'ad 
largely.  Jot  black;  abdomen  behind  vent  blackish ;  peritoneum  and  lining 
membranes  of  mouth  and  gill  cavity  Jet-black.  Length  5J  inches.  Off 
coast  of  Southern  California.     {roHiiceua,  rosy.) 

I'aralipnrit  rotaeeus,  fiU.nEiiT,  Proc.  TT.  S.  Nat.  Mu.s.  1800,  Oil,  off  coast  of  California  at 
Albatross  Station,  3919,  984  fathoms;  Gahman,  Diacuboli,  80,  1892. 

2475.  PAItALIPARIS  MEMO,  Gilbert. 

Head  .5J  in  length  without  caudal,  equaling  the  greatest  depth.  D. 
.57;  A.  43;  pectoral  16.  P^ye  a  tritle  less  than  interorbital  width,  greater 
than  snout,  'ii  in  head;  month  oblique,  with  lateral  cleft,  the  maxillary 
renching  slightly  beyond  the  middle  of  the  orbit,  .V  as  long  as  the  head; 
chin  very  prominent,  the  mapdible  with  a  wide,  membranaceous  border, 
which  forms  anteriorly  a  broad  free  fold  over  anterior  portion  of  base 
of  pectorals.  Teeth  in  both  Jaws  comparatively  long  and  sb-nder,  not 
tricnsjtid,  arranged  in  bands,  those  in  upper  Jaw  at  least  in  obli<iue  rows 
as  usual  in  Liparids.  Nostril  with  a  single  opening  and  without  tube. 
Gill  opening  but  little  wider  than  diameter  of  eye,  confined  to  region 
above  base  of  pectcnals.  Pectorals  inserted  very  low,  their  upper  rays 
beloM'  level  of  angle  of  mouth,  thci  base  almost  horizontal,  and  the  ante- 
rior ends  of  shoulder  girdle  form  pronunent  projections  below  tips  of 
mandibles,  tin  very  deeply  notched,  the  upper  lobe  extending  slightly 


Jordan  and  F.iennanu. — Fishes  of  North  Amcriux.      2143 


buyoixl  origin  of  niiiil,  the  HhurtuHt  middlo  ray  nlioiit  \  that  l<*nKth;  a  few 
of  tlie  lower  riiyH  vloii(;iito  iiiiil  partly  frer  t'roiii  thtt  iiu'iiihruno,  tlin  lon;;«!Ht 
eqiiuliii^  tilt)  Ifii^th  of  lliu  iii)|>«;r  lohi;;  initldlu  jioctoral  iiiyN  widt^  st't,  luit 
no  ruylcHH  intcrviil  iM'twcuii  the  IoIich;  pcrtunilH  converKiiig  to  iiMint-di- 
diiitely  Ituhiiid  HyinpliyNiH  of  lowur  Jiiw,  wliuru  their  hii.ses  meet;  anal 
op«iiin;r  v(-rti(Milly  holuw  iiiiddUtof  orbit;  dorHiil  bc^iuiiiiig  a  tritlu  bohiud 
the  upper  angle  of  i>;ill  opcniii;;,  the  anal  oi'i;;iii  iindtT  itM  righth  lay. 
Kkin  loosely  inveHtiiig  the  hiad  and  Itody.  I.i;;ht  redtlish,  made  diiHky 
by  minute  dark  dota;  alidoinen  blue  black;  mouth  uud  gill  cavity  light 
or  diiHky.  CloHely  allied  to  Varnliium»  ( IlUgriidoriio)  memhvaimcviiH  ({jilin- 
ther),  but  with  very  hi^avy  lower  Jaw,  whi(!h  projeetn  beyond  the  up])er. 
The  ])remaxillarieH  are  high,  on  the  level  of  the  low<>r  riui  of  the  orbit, 
and  the  form  Ih  niu<  h  more  elongate.  The  pectoralH  are  inserted  much 
lower,  and  the  vent  is  farther  forward.  Length  |{|  inches.  <)IV  the  coast 
of  Oregon  in  deep  watt-r.     ((iilbert.)     {meiilu,  having  a  projecting  chin.) 

J'araliparin  mento,  Un.iiBitT,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Miia.  1801,  502,  off  Coast  of  Oregon  at  Alba- 
tross Station  3071,  in  685  fathoms. 

2470.  VARAIIPAKIS  4'0I>RI,  (Inoile  &  Bonn. 


Head  ()J;  depth  about  (5;  snout  HA;  eye  3A.  1).  fit);  A.  Vm;  pectoral 
17 -f- 3;  caudal  10.  Snout  broad,  obtuse;  interorbitnl  Avidtb  e(|naling 
length  of  posterior  jtart  of  head;  nostril  about  midway  l»etween  eye  and 
tip  of  anout,  in  a  very  short  tube.  Five  large  mncons  pores  on  each 
aide  of  snout,  3  smaller  ones  on  cheek  under  eye,  and  (i  on  mandible 
and  edge  of  opercnlar  bones.  Teeth  minute,  villiform,  and  in  2 
series,  (iill  opening  a  very  snuill  slit,  edged  with  black  at  upjter  angle  of 
pectoral.  Origin  of  dorsal  distant  from  snout  \k  times  length  of  head; 
tij)  of  pectoral  whi'U  extendud  about  under  second  or  tliird  ray  of  dorsal; 
anal  origin  under  ninth  or  tenth  dorsal  ray;  length  of  middle  caudal 
ray  10^^  times  in  standard  length;  longest  pectoral  ray  0([ualiiig  i  dis- 
tance from  Buout  to  dorsal;  longest  ray  of  the  isolated  portion  of  the  tin 
equaling  that  of  middle  caudal  ray;  distance  of  vent  from  ti))  of  snout 
nearly  e([ual  to  length  of  head;  vent  a  narrow  slit  ])lace(l  horizontally, 
directly  under  base  of  i)ectoral.  Pyhu'io  ca-ca  1  to  6.  Color,  anterior  half 
of  body  very  pale,  whitish;  posterior  half  very  light  brown;  snout,  chin, 
and  edge  of  gill  opening  and  region  about  the  vent  black.  This  species 
has  nearly  the  same  number  of  rays  in  the  dorsal  and  anal  as  are  recorded 
for  I'.  hathifhiuH,  but  the  pectoral  has  17  rays  in  tiie  upper  ])ortion  and  3 
in  the  lower.  The. jaws  are  shorter  than  in  J',  hatlnjhiits;  the  form  is  more 
elongate  and  thocidoratimi  is  strikingly  different,  anterior  half  of  the  body 
pale,  almost  whitish,  while  the  snout,  chin,  and  anal  origin  are  black. 
Length  about  8  inches.  The  ^g'A^  of  an  example  a  little  smaller  than  the 
type  have  a  diameter  of  about  3  mm.  At  the  same  time  the  ovaries  con- 
tain some  eggs,  which  have  not  reached  maturity,  whose  diameter  is  only 
}mm.  The  stomach  is  a  stout  subspherical  receptacle,  its  greatest  width 
f  of  its  length.  Gulf  Stream,  in  deep  water.  (Named  for  Prof.  Edward 
Drinker  (Jope.) 


2141 


liuUctiu  ./7,  I'uitcd  States  Natioual  }fuscnm. 


I'ltinliiiiiiiMiiiiiri,  Uooiii:  \  Kkan,  Oconnir  IchthyoloKy,  271).  llf{.2S:i,  IHtm,  Oulf  Stream,  it 
AlbatroHH  Station  aasa,  in  39"  la'  17"  N.,  7a    9'  30"  W.,  in  jao  fathuniH,    (Typt*.  No. 

:i6n:i7,) 


lM;:.  I'AKAIJIMItlK  DUTYI.OsrN.  ()llb«<rt. 


i 


;  r ; 


Ilivtd  5;  (h'ptli  (il.  I>.  iihoiit  ftti;  A.iiltoiit  lli.  Sliiipo  of  lieiid  iinicli  the 
Hiiiiic  iiH  in  /'.  iilochir,  tht^  Hiiuiit  hnxully  roiiiulrr,  Hli^rhtly,  if  at  nil,  ov<-r- 
1ii|))»in;;;  tii*>  liori/oiital  inoiith.  and  tlic  clicvkH  vortiral.  Occipiil  and  napit 
not  «;(iiiH])i('iiously  Hwoilun.  l.nwer  jtiw  InchHlril;  niaxiiliiry  n-iuliin^ 
vortical  behind  niiddl«^  of  |>ii]ii1,  'J'i  in  li*>ad.  Kyo  lar^^o,  ',\  in  li<-ad;  liony 
int<  rorbita!  H])a<'o  5;  Hnout  Ij.  (iiil  opMiiin;;;  a  narrow  nlit  cxtcndinf;  to 
o|)po.sitt>  third  or  fourth  ])i'rtoral  ray,  itH  liiif^th  r(|iialinf{  dianiftrr  of 
]iiipil.  Tcetli  acute,  in  narrow  hands  in  each  Jaw,  each  haiul  nuido  np 
of  uhliqtio  rowH.  Ojicrcln  produced  into  a  pointed  ltd)e,  which  in  scjia- 
rated  from  ni)pcr  pi;(;toral  ray  by  a  diNtancc  c((ualin}j;  diameter  of  pupil. 
Dorsal  hoj^iiiniu}?  Hlij^htiy  hehiiid  upper  base  of  pectouilH;  itectonJs 
iuHcrted  lower  than  in  /',  iilochir,  the  upi)or  ray  »m  a  level  with  or  below 
niar;rin  of  |»iipil;  a.s  in  /'.  uloihir,  the  2  lobes  JoiutMl  l>y  a  Herics  of  aliont 
8  more  widely  Hpaced  raj's,  n«me  of  the  rays  is  free;  anterior  ends  of  the 
llu8  meeting  under  throat  at  a  point  v(>rtically  l»elovv  the  pujdl;  pec- 
toral rays  IJO,  of  which  about  10  eoiistitnto  the  lower  lobe;  upper  rays 
extending  beyond  front  of  anal,  but  the  lower  bdte  apparently  much 
shorter.  Vent  antiTlor  in  jiosition,  its  distance  from  pectoral  symidiysis 
J  its  distance  from  front  of  anal.  Kach  of  the  typcH  has  lost  the  epider- 
mis. In  this  condition  tin-  head  and  body  ar«i  light  or  slightly  duslxy, 
except  the  eyes,  ojiercles,  gill  menibr.'incH.  and  abdomen,  which  are  black; 
gill  cavity  and  mouth  black;  probably  black  everywhere  in  life.  Very 
close  to  /'.  Iilochir,  but  with  the  u])per  insertion  of  pectoral  much  lower, 
opposite  the  lower  margin  of  i)upil,  and  the  head  and  body  much  more 
slender  and  elongate.  Length  about  H|  inches.  otV  Santa  Cruz,  Cali- 
fornia, in  deep  water,     {dactylosim,  ddHrvXae,  lingered.) 

raraliparii  dnctylomn,  GiliiBUT,  Uo])t.  ('.  S.  Fish  Corom.  1803  (189G),4C0,  pi.  34,  fig.  2,  off 
Santa  Cruz,  California,  at  Albatross  Station  311a,  in  396  fathoms. 

Subgenus  HILGENDORFIA,*  Gooilo  A-  Bean. 
2478.  PABALIPARIS  1JL0(!IIIR,  r,ill).rt. 

Head  about  5  in  length,  e(|ualing  the  dei>th.  D.  about  65;  A.  about  GO. 
Snont  broad  and  short,  very  slightly  projecting  beyond  the  mouth,  the 


*  Tlio  Rabgemm  JTilgendorfia,  Gi>odo  &  Bean,  Is  tluin  defined:  "  Lipnrids  with  large, 
liigh,  coinpres.si'd  heiul,  whose  hoiien  are  excct'diunly  tliin,  cavernous  .jaws,  even  in  I'roiit. 
Vortical  tins  roi)rc8i'nted  by  broad  nii'dian  folds,  contiucnt  at  tlic  i)oHterior  end  of  tin;  body, 
where  the  caudal  is  re|ircsented  l)y  2  or  3  excuedinKly  fine,  slender,  terminal  tilnnientH. 
Pectoral  very  large,  broad  based,  with  membranes  fringed  posteriorly  and  iiaving  several 
of  the  lower  rays  free,  tliougii  not  forming  a  distinct  portion  of  tlio  fin.  'So  ventral  disk. 
Vent  far  advanced,  o))posite  hind  margin  of  orbit.  Gill  optming  as  in  Amitra.  The  type 
de8eril)ed  by  Giintheris  only  CO  mm.  in  length,  and  he  remarks  conrerning  it  that  ft  is 
uncertain  whether  it  represent.s  a  form  in  which  omliryonic  characters  are  persistent,  or 
merely  an  early  stage  of  development.  Ifs  peculiarities  seem  siiflicieat  to  warrant  its 
being  set  apart  for  lurthor  study  before  it  is  merged  with  ruraliparU.  It  is  named  for 
Dr.  Franz  Ililgeudorf,  of  the  liuyal  Zuoluuiual  Museum,  Berlin."  (Oceanic  Ichthyology, 
280,  1806.) 


Jordan  and  Evcriuann, — Fishts  of  North  Amrrim,     2145 

(liHtaiii'ti  from  tip  of  Hiioiit  to  front  of  oyo  1.)  iti  loiij^Mi  of  IiimkI.  K,v<-  lurK««, 
H  to  ;)|  ill  heiMl,  murly  twir«  tli<>  hoiiy  intoroihitiil  width.  Ditlurinj; 
from  otlior  Parillc  N|i(U'i«H  in  th*-  \\\%\\  itiHtutioii  of  tlitt  pectoriilH  un<l  tlioir 
Nhoit  liuri/ontal  liiiili,  ;iiiil  from  I'.  ImlDmehiM  in  having  tlii>  lin.H  not  dividtMl 
into  L'  H(tpHrii)i>  IoIx^k.  In  ^tMitTiil  appftiranco  i^rttiitly  reH*>iiil)liiiK  I'.hohi- 
mrlttB,  ItoiiiK  aiNo  nniroriiily  I>laul<  in  color,  liavin);  tlio  Hamo  broadly 
roiMulctl  Hnont,  liori/oiital  mouth  with  indiKled  1ow<m'  Jaw,  and  proniint-nt 
o<!iipital  and  nuchal  roj^loii.  The  maxillary  reaihcH  vertical  jtiNt  liohiiid 
pn])il  and  itt  oiintaiu<Ml  '.'i',,  timoH  in  lit>ad.  Tooth  at-ntc,  in  rather  luoad 
liantls  in  Itoth  jiiwo.  (iill  opining  a  narrow  nlit,  r*>Htrioted  to  area  abovo 
liaHo  of  p(>(*roral,  not  longer  than  dianiotur  of  pupil.  ()p(«r<'li>  forming;  a 
Hhort,  pnintod  lol>e  juiHtoiiorly,  which  toucheH  hano  of  n|>por  pectoral  ray. 
Tho  hoad  Ih  denndtMl  of  hUmi,  ho  the  natnro  of  the  niiiooim  pores  can  not 
h(^  made  out.  hoiHal  he^iiiniii);  ahovo  upper  liase  of  pcotoraln;  pectoral 
placed  higher  than  in  any  other  Hptn:ieH  known,  its  base  deHcribinf;  a 
);nntle,  «ven  curve,  convex  backward,  horizontal  for  a  very  Hhort  diHtanco 
anteriorly,  it«  upper  end  al)ove  level  of  |Mi))il,  and  its  lower  anterior 
end  vorti<ally  bolow  po.storior  niarjjin  of  orbit;  npper  and  lower  rays  of 
the  lin  fine  ami  crowded,  the  middle  third  of  the  base  beiufr  occupied  by 
4  or  5  more  widely  spaced  rays;  the  (in  with  25  rays,  of  which  J>  belong;  to 
the  lower  h)l>e;  upper  lobe  cxtcmlin;;  beyond  origin  of  anal  (in;  none  of 
th(»  rayH  (fee;  lower  anterior  euils  of  pectorals  closely  a|)pr(iviinated, 
without  perceptible  intersjiace.  V%'nt  anterior  in  position,  a  distinct, 
though  short,  anal  papilla.  Distance  from  vent  to  anterior  end  of  pecto- 
ral base  j^  its  distance  from  front  of  anal.  Lonj^est  spcciimtn  8r»  nun. 
rniformly  black,  includiiifx  mouth  and  branchial  cavity,  (iulf  of  ('ali- 
fornia  and  Heriuji  Sea  north  of  I'nalaska  Island,  in  deep  water.  (ou\6?, 
complete;  ^/?i'/j,  hand.) 

I'araliparin  ulm-liir,  (In.itKiiT,  Uc\)t.  I'  S.  Fish.  Coiiini.  1803(1806), 441,  Gulf  of  California,  at 
Albatross  Station  3010,  in  1,005  fathoms. 

791.  RHINOLIPARIS.  (iilbort. 

lihinoliparis,  Gn.nERT,  Kept.  U.S.  Fish  Comm.  1893  (1806),  145  (harbuUfer). 

Allied  to  Paral'iparia,  from  which  it  ditfers  in  the  gently  produced  snout, 
which  much  overlai>s  the  mouth,  and  bears  at  its  tip  a  pair  of  barbels. 
No  sucking  disk.  Vent  anterior,  between  the  pectoral  tins;  pectorals 
deeply  notched,  continuous;  gill  openings  narrow,  mostly  a)»ove  the  pec- 
torals. Teeth  acute,  in  a  broad  band  in  each  Jaw,  arranged  in  obli(iue 
series  within  the  band.     Deep  sea.     {pit',  snout;  lAparia.) 


2470.  BIIINOLHMRIS  UAllUULIFKlt,  Gilbert. 

Head  5f ;  depth  7 ;  eye  nearly  3.  .Slender,  compressed,  the  greatest  depth 
just  in  front  of  dorsal,  the  nuchal  region  not  greatly  swollen.  Body 
tapering  into  an  extremely  slender,  almost  filamentous,  tail.  Mouth  small, 
horizontal,  inferior,  overpassed  by  the  broadly  rounded,  very  soft  snout 
for  a  distance  equaling  diameter  of  pupil.     At  the  tip  of  the  snout, 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


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14.0 


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2.0 


Hiotograidiic 

Sdenoes 

Corporation 


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V 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRSET 

WIBSTER,N.Y.  )4SM 

(716)S72-4503 


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■nwnw^r" 


214G         Dulletm  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Heparated  by  a  space  \  ns  wi<l<!  w»  pnpil,  nro  2  barhela  directed  forward, 
ea(;h  ns  loii^  as  tlie  interHpace.  Ma.  illary  reaching  vertical  from  posterior 
border  of  orbit,  2^  in  head ;  bony  portion  of  interorbital  width  narrow,  f 
diameter  of  pupil;  gill  slit  narrow,  beginning  opposite  upper  pectoral 
rays,  If  diameter  of  orbit;  no  pseiidobrauchiie ;  operclo  prolonged  posteri- 
orly into  a  narrow  pointed  ilap ;  round  mucous  pores  along  under  side  of 
snout  and  suborbital,  and  on  under  side  of  mandible.  Pectorals  of  2  lobes, 
the  lower  narrow,  containing  but  4  or  5  rays,  the  upper  witli  about  15, 
1  or  2  rays  widely  spacod  connecting  the  2,  none  of  the  rays  free,  the  fin 
inserted  high,  the  upper  end  of  base  on  a  level  with  upjier  edge  of  pupil; 
below,  the  fins  nre  not  approximated  as  closely  as  usual,  the  lowermost  rays 
of  the  2  tins  separated  by  an  interspace  as  wide  as  pupil,  inserted  on  a  ver- 
tical through  middle  of  cheek;  dorsal  originating  slightly  in  front  of 
gill  slit.  Vent  anterior  in  position,  its  distance  from  front  of  pectorals  \  its 
distance  from  front  of  atial  tin.  In  spirits,  light  gray,  dusky  {.long  bases  of 
dorsal  and  anal  fins  and  on  the  nape;  the  black  lining  of  abdominal  cavity, 
gill  cavity,  and  mouth  can  be  seen  through  the  transparent  integuments; 
eye  also  blaok ;  barbels  transparent,  hence  very  inconspicuous.  Length 
about  3i  inches.  Bering  Sea,  north  of  Unalaska  Island,  in  cloep  water. 
(barbula,  a  small  barbel;  fero,  I  bear.) 

BhinoKparis  harbulifer,  Gilbert,  Rept.  IT.  S.  Fish  Comm.  1803  (1890),  445,  Bering  jca, 
north  of  Unalaska  Island,  at  Albatross  Stations  3337,  3335,  3336,  and  others,  in  335 
to  576  fathoms. 

Suborder  CRANIOMI. 

Scapular  arch  abnormal,  the  post- temporal  forming  an  integral  part  of 
the  cranium  and  the  postero-temporal  crowded  out  of  place  by  the  side 
Oi  the  proscapula  above  or  at  the  edge  of  the  post-temporal.  In  other 
respects  essentially  as  in  the  Loricati,  from  which  the  Craniomi  are  derived. 
The  suborbital  stay  characteristic  of  both  groups,  in  the  Craniomi  is  highly 
developed,  its  surface  forming  part  of  the  bony  armature  of  the  head. 
Fishes  mostly  of  the  warm  seas,  often  singular  in  form,  the  head  always 
with  a  coat  of  mail,     {h pdv t ov,  akull;  cJyuo?,  shoulder.) 

a.  Myodome*  developed  and  cranial  cavity  open  in  front ;  proselhuioid  and  ant«al  nor- 
mally connected  by  sntnre.  Infraorbital  chain  with  ita  anterior  bones  excluded 
from  the  orbit  and  functional  as  rostrolatcral,  the  series  covering  tlie  cheeks,  the 
third  a  large  buccal  bone  articulating  with  the  anterior  wall  of  the  preopercu- 
lum ;  post-temporal  suturally  connected  with  the  opiotic  and  pterotic  by  inferior 
processes,  and  with  the  upper  surface  forming  an  integral  part  of  tlie  cranium ; 
intermaxillaries  with  the  ascending  pedicle.^  atrophied  and  connected  with  the 
knob  o'  the  anteal  by  ligament.  Postero-temporal  contiguous  to  the  proscapula ; 
ventral  rays  I,  5;  the  fins  inserted  wide  apart;  gill  ment>-ranes  free  from  the 
isthmus. 
b.  Pectoral  fin  with  its  3  lowermost  rays  detf.ched  aa  feelers;  teeth  p.>-eaent. 

TBIQLIDiE,  CLXXXrV. 

bb.  Pectoral  iin  with  its  2  lowermost  rays  detacheil  as  feelers;  mouth  toothless. 

PERISTKiinDJE,  OLXXXV. 


*  The  skeletal  characters  heregivan  are  taken  from  Dr.  G.'ll. 
567-592.) 


( Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1888, 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      2147 


oo.  Myodoino  undoveloped,  the  cranial  cavity  moHtly  closttd  in  front  by  expnnHioua  SVom 
the  Biibtectala  aiitiirnlly  connected  with  (lorreHpondini;  expanHiouH  of  tho  pro- 
otios  and  the  parasphenoid ;  proaothrooid  and  antoal  entirely  diaconnected,  leav- 
ing a  capacious  roatra'.  chamber  opening  baclEward  lueHiiiUy  into  the  iutcrorbital 
region.  Infraorbitni  chain  witli  its  second  and  third  l)0U08  crowded  out  of  the 
orbital  margin  by  Junction  of  the  tirat  ard  fourth,  and  leaving  a  wide  interval 
between  tlie  auliorbitals  and  preoperculum ;  the  first  very  long  and  extending 
baclvward,  the  necond  under  tbe  fourth,  and  the  third  developed  an  a  small  spe- 
cial Iione  (pontinal)  bridging  the  interval  between  the  second  suborbital  ami  tlie 
anteroinferior  angle  of  the  preoperculum ;  post-temporal  HUlurally  connected 
with  the  posterior  bones  of  the  cranium,  and  with  the  upper  surface  foiming  a 
large  part  of  tlie  roof  of  tho  headj  int>erinaxillaries  witli  well-developed  ascoud- 
ing  pellicles  gliding  into  the  cavity  between  tho  anteal  and  prosethmoid. 
Postero-temporal  distant  from  tlie  proKcap'ulu,  and  manifest  as  an  ossicle  on  the 
e<lge  of  the  post-temporal, 
e.  Pectcral  fin  divided  to  tlie  bii.se  into  2  unequal  parts;  no  free  feelers;  gill 
membranes  broadly  joined  to  the  isthmus;  ventral  rays  I,  4,  the  fins  con- 
tiguous. CeFHAIJICANTHIU.£,  CLXXXVl. 

Family  CLXXXIV.  TRIGLID^. 

(The  Gurnards.) 

Body  elongate,  usually  more  or  icjs  fusiform,  coveretl  with  scales  or 
bony  plat-US.  Head  externally  bony,  entirely  Quirassed  with  rough,  bony 
plates,  some  of  which  are  armed  with  spines;  eyes  high;  month  terminal 
or  Bubiuferior;  premaxillaries  protractile;  maxillary  without  supple- 
mental bone,  slipping  under  the  preorbital;  teeth  very  small,  in  bands  in 
the  jaw3,  and  usnally  on  vomer  and  palatines;  gills  4,  a  large  slit  behind 
the  fourth;  pseudobranchiic  present ;  gill  rakers  various;  gill  membranes 
free  from  the  isthmus.  Ventral  tins  thoracic,  wide  apart,  sei)arated  by  a 
flat  area,  their  rays  I,  5.  Spinous  dorsal  present,  short ;  soft  dorsal  simi- 
Jar  to  the  anal,  which  is  without  spines;  caudal  narrow,  few-rayed;  pec- 
toral large,  with  broad  base,  with  3  lower  rays  detached,  forming  feelers. 
These  free  rays  are  used  chiefly  in  search  for  food,  turning  over  stones, 
exploring  shells,  etc.''  Air  bladder  present;  pyloric  caeca  usually  present, 
few  in  pumber.  Singular  looking  fishes,  found  in  all  warm  seas.  Genera 
5;  species  about  40,  some  of  them  in  rather  deep  water,  these  red  in  color, 
the  others  living  about  rocks.    {TrigliAm,  pt.,  GUnther,  Cat.,  ii,  191-210.) 

a.  Palatines  with  teeth. 

h.  Dorsal  spines  low,  the  longest  usually  much  shorter  than  head ;  scales  moderate, 

50  to  80  pores.  Peionotus,  792. 

bb.  One  or  2  of  the  dorsal  spines  greatly  elevated,  about  as  long  as  body ;  scales 

large,  rough,  the  pores  40.  Bellatob,  703. 

aa.  Palatines  toothless;  scales  small. 

e.  Lateral  line  without  enlarged  bony  plates.  Chblidonichthtb,  704. 

ce.  Lateral  line  armed  with  a  series  of  transverse  bony  plates.  Triola,  700 


*  See  note  by  Albro  D.  Morrill,  Joum.  Morphology,  xi,  1895, 177. 


t.Mus.l888, 


2148         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


792.  PRIONOTUS,"  Lacf:p«Me. 

(GlTRNAUDS.) 

PrioMOftM,  Lac|!;p*:  IB,  Hi»t.  Nat.  Poias.,  iii,  37, 1802  (evolant). 
Ornichthyt,  Swain^on,  Nat.  Hist.  Class'n  Fisbes,  ii,  262,  1830  (punetatwi). 
Ohrivlax,  Jordan  &  (iILBERt,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1878,  874  {evola7ig). 
Oiirnardut,  tJoRVAti  &-  Evekmann,  new  BubgenuH  (gymnoHethut). 
Mfnilinug,  JoRVA-s  &.  Everhann,  now  HiibgunuH  {earolinut), 

Body  subfnsiforra ;  profile  of  head  descondiuiir  to  the  broad  depressed 
Bnout,  which  \h  much  longer  than  tlie  Hinall  eye;  eyes  close  together,  high 
up;  surface  of  head  entirely  bony,  tlie  bones  rough  with  ridges  and 
granulations;  scales  on  head  fewornore;  preoperclc  with  1  or  2  sharp 
spines  at  its  angle;   opercle  with  a  sharp  spine;   napo  with  2  strong 
spines;  a  spine  on  shoulder  girdle.     Mouth  rather  broad ;  bands  of  small, 
almost  granular,  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer  and  palatines;  gill  membranes 
nearly  separate,  free  from  isthmus;  gill  rakers  rather  long.     Body  covered 
with  small,  rough  scales,  which  are  not  keeled;  lateral  line  continuous; 
scales  on  breast  very  small.    Dorsal  fins  distinct,  the  flrsj;  of  8  to  10 rather 
stout  spines,  the  third  usually  highest,  but  mostly  shorter  than  head ; 
anal  liu  similar  to  soft  dorsal;  pectoral  tin  with  the  3  lower  anterior  rays 
thickened,  entirely  free  from  each  other  and  from  the  fin;  ventrals  I,  5, 
wide  apart,  with  a  flat  space  between  them,  the  inner  rays  longest.     Pylo- 
ric ca^ca  in  moderate  number;  air  bladder  generally  with  lateral  mnscles 
and  divided  into  2  lateral  parts ;  vertebne  10  or  11+15.    Species  numer- 
ous, all  but  1  being  American. t    Representing  in  America  the  Old  World 
genus  Trigla.    Souie  of  thim  in  deep  water.    They  are  well  defined  and 
easily  recognized,  but  vary  considerably  with  ago,  and  are  not  easily 
thrown  into  subordinate  groups.    Most  of  the  characters  in  the  following 
analysis  have  been  taken  from  adult  individuals.    Young  examples  in  most 
oases  differ  from  the  adults  in  the  following  respects,  in  addition  to  those 
characters  which  usually  distinguish  young  fishes:  The  spines  on  the*head 
are  sharper,  more  conspicuous,  and  more  compressed  in  the  young,  and 
some  spines,  especially  those  on  the  side  of  the  head,  disappear  entirely 
with  age.     The  interorbital  space  is  more  concave  in  the  young.    The  pec- 
toral fins  are  also  much  shorter.    The  gill  rakers  are  longer  in  the  young, 
and  proportionately  more  slender,  and  some  of  the  color  markings — espe- 
cially the  darker  cross  shades — are  more  conspicuous,  while  the  spots  on 
body  and  fins  are  less  so.     {npiaov,  saw;  v&ro?,  back;  3  free  saw-like 
spines  being  said  to  intervene  between  the  two  dor8<als.) 

a.  Month  comparatively  small,  the  maxillary  less  than  i  the  length  of  the  head,  the  man- 
dible usually  not  extending  baclcward  as  far  as  tlie  vertical  from  the  front  of  the 
eye ;  generally  a  more  or  less  distinct  cross  groove  on  top  of  head  behind  eye ;  black 
spot  on  spinous  dorsal  usually  more  or  less  distinct. 
OuBNARDUS  (from  Gurnard): 
li.  Snout  distinctly  birostrate,  its  tip  deeply  emarginate;   anterior  profile   of   head 
strongly  concave ;  pectoral  fin  very  short,  little  if  any  longer  than  head ;  inter- 
orbital space  deeply  concave. 


*For  a  detailed  account  of  the  species  of  Prionotus  see  Jordan  &  Hughes,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.  1886,  327.  et  teq. 
t  The  single  species  found  outside  our  limits  is  Prionotug  japonicut,  Bleeker. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2149 


0.  Preopercular  apine  with  a  aniallor  one  at  haHo  in  front. 
d.  Center  of  radiaMon  of  oheok  with  a  stronK  npinc,  tliore  being  4  npiiiOH  in  a  riglit 
line  from  rostral  plate  to  preopercular  spine;  rostral  projcctiuus  very  nar- 
row; body  slender;  scales  smuU;  3  dorsal  spines  granulate. 

niROSTRATUS,  2480. 
dd.  Center  of  radiation  of  cheek  without  spine ;  1  or  2  spinules  below  preopercular 
spine. 
I .  Breast  and  belly  wholly  naked;  dorsal  spines  10  or  11.        ovUNosTRTiira,  2481. 
te.  lireast  and  belly  with  small  scales;  dovHsil  spines  8  or  9.  xkmsma,  2482. 

ee.  Preopercular  spine  with  no  smaller  one  at  base  in  front;  dorsal  spines  10;  jxires  50; 
body  with  olive  vermiculations  and  oblique  brown  bars.  lo.xiab,  2483. 

Mkru^inits  (Merula,  a  robin) : 
66.  Sntut  not  distinctly  birostrate,  the  anterior  prottlo  usually  not  strongly  concave. 
/.  x'ectoral  fln  long,  reaching  past  front  of  anal. 

g.  Pectoral  fln  not  reaching  base  of  caudal;  gill  rakers  moderate,  8  or  10  developed; 
snout  not  strongly  emargiuate ;  no  spine  on  cheek  bono  or  edge  of  snout ; 
dorsal  spines  10, 

h.  Body  not  very  slender,  the  depth  5  in  length;  head  not  very  small,  its 
length  3  in  body;  groove  across  top  of  liead  behind  eye,  very  con- 
spicuona;  interorbital  area  moderately  concave,  rather  broad,  about 
equal  to  diameter  of  eye;  bones  of  head  comparatively  smooth,  the 
proocular,  postocular,  occipital,  and  nuchal  spines  low,  depressed; 
temporal  ridge  con8]>icuous,  without  spines.  Dorsal  apinen  low,  the 
second  2|  in  head,  the  flrst  moderately  serrate ;  base  of  ..oft  dorsal 
equal  to  distance  fn  m  tip  of  snout  to  tip  of  humoral  spine ;  caudal 
fln  lunate,  its  outer  rays  J  to  ^  longer  than  inner;  pectoral  tin  some- 
what rounded,  the  longest  ray  about  the  fifth;  free  rays  of  pectoral 
expanded  toward  tip,  with  decurrent  membrane;  scales  rather  large; 
about  58  pores.  Body  and  flns  nearly  plain,  mottled  with  darker,  but 
without  well-defined  spots  except  the  dorsal  ocellus;  back  with  4 
obscure  cross  blotches;  2  or  3  oblique  pale  rtreaks  across  spinous 
dorsal.  Gill  membranes  dusky.  Young  with  head  rougher,  pectoral 
fins  shorter,  dark  spots  on  body  more  distinct.  caroi.inub,  2484. 

Ah.  Body  very  slender,  the  depth  about  6  in  length;  groove  across  top  of 
head  behind  eye,  conspicuous ;  interorbital  area  narrow,  deeply  con- 
cave, its  width  about  f  the  diameter  of  the  eye ;  bones  of  heml  very 
smooth,  the  striations  very  weak ;  spines  on  top  of  head  (preocular, 
supraocular,  occipital,  and  nuchal)  short  and  sharp,  not  depressed ; 
temx>oral  ridge  blunt,  without  spine, 
i.  Pectoral  short,  reaching  little  past  front  of  anal,  not  J  length  of  body. 
Dorsal  spines  very  high,  the  second  IJ  in  head,  the  flrst  moderately 
serrate;  soft  dorsal  high,  its  base  about  J  longer  than  head;  caudal 
truncate;  free  raya  of  pectoral  a  little  expanded  at  tip;  52  pores. 
Body  covered  with  roundish  bronze  spots  of  various  sizes;  smaller 
bronze  spots  on  the  head ;  both  dorsals,  iiaudal,  and  pectoral  fins  with 
similar  bronze  spots,  these  especially  numerous  and  dietinct  on  soft 
dorsal.  scitulus,  2485. 

ii.  Pectoral  longer,  reaching  past  middle  of  anal,  more  than  ^  body ;  pores 
62;  color  rose-red,  not  spotted;  pectorals  dusky.  robbcs,  2486. 

gg.  Pectoral  flns  very  long,  reaching  base  of  caudal,  the  rays  graduated ;  50  pores  in 
the  lateral  line;  gill  rakers  shortish,  1+6  in  number;  body  rather  stout,  the 
depth  4  in  length ;  palatine  teeth  few,  feeble ;  caudal  subtruncate ;  second  dor- 
sal spine  longest,  J  the  length  of  head;  first  spine  strongly  serrated  in  front; 
preopercular  spine  tvith  a  smaller  one  at  its  base;  head  2^  in  length.  D.  X-12; 
A.  11.  Brdy  with  4  faint  cross  bands;  caudal  with  black  tip  and  2  paler  cross 
shades;  spinous  dorsal  with  small  dark  spots  besides  the  large  one;  soft  dorr <il 
plain;  pectorals  clouded.  alatus,  2487. 


2150  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


W.  ''■'■ 


PRIONOTU8 : 

aa.  Mouth  comparatively  large,  the  mAxilliiry  2  to  2}  in  the  length  of  head,  the  mandible 
extending  backward  to  oppoHite  eye,  or  neiirly  so;  UHiiaily  no  distinct  oroan 
groovti  on  top  ut  head ;  free  rays  of  pectoral  tup<-ring,  not  expanded  at  tip;  black 
blotch  on  spinous  dorsal  diilbse,  net  ocoUateu,  involving  the  membranes  of  more 
than  two  spines, 
■j  I>reor>eroular  spine  without  a  distinct  smaller  spine  at  its  base  in  front. 
k.  Pectoral  tins  very  long,  reaching  at  least  to  beyond  the  second  third  of  the  soft 
dorsal. 

I.  Scales  rather  email, abont  75  pores  in  lateral  line;  head  large,  comparatively 

smooth,  the  interorbital  area  narrow,  conclave,  not  ?,  diameter  of  eye ;  orbital 
rim  low,  scarcely  serrate ;  preorbital  serrulate;  pectoral  fin  long,  reaching 
middle  of  anal ;  coloration  plain,  slightly  clouded ;  form  rather  slender ;  bead 
2ij;  depth  4i.    D.  X-12;A.ll.  MILB8,2488. 

II.  Scales  moderate,  50  to  55  pores  in  lateral  line. 

m.  Head  large,  nearly  plane  abo.v<>.  the  interorbital  space  scarcely  concave,  its 
width  equal  to  eye;  snout  very  short,  2J  in  head;  maxillary  2^  in  head, 
reaching  past  front  of  orbit;  bands  of  palatine  teeth  very  narrow;  bones 
of  head  smoothish,  little  striate;  gill  rakers  rather  long,  about  10  below 
angle;  first  dorsal  spine  slightly  rough  in  front,  the  third  spine  nearly  J  the 
length  of  the  head;  caudal  slightly  concave;  pectoral  reaching  ninth  anal 
ray,  its  outline  rounded;  scales  about  55.  Color  pi^le  olivaceous,  back 
and  sides  with  a  few  dark  spots;  second  dorsal  with  3  rows  of  black  spots; 
caudal  with  3  rows  of  dark  blotches;  pectorals  with  round  dark  blotches. 

D.  X-12 ;    A.  1 1 .  BTEPHANOPHBY8, 2489. 

mm.  Head  not  plane  above,  the  Interorbital  space  more  or  less  concave;  dorsal 
spines  10. 
n.  Supraorbital  cirrns  wanting, 
o.  Pectoral  fina  moderate,  not  reaching  in  adult  beyond  dorsal  and  aral. 
p.  Interorbital  space  moderately  concave,  its  width  nearly  equal  to  eye; 
orbital  rim  little  elevated ;  preorbital  with  15  to  20  fine  aerrae,  the  last 
one  directed  backward ;  preoporeular  spine  long.       quiesckns,  2400. 
|)p.  Interorbital  space  very  narrow,  deeply  concave,  its  width  about  § 
length  of  eye;  rim  elevated  and  serrate;  preorbital  with  about  20 
small  serrte,  blunt  and  even;  head  well  armed;   snout  and  jaws 

white.  ALBIKOSTKIS,  2491. 

00.  Pectoralsverylong,  reaching  in  adult  beyond  base  ofdorsal  and  anal;  inter- 
orbital space  moderately  concave,  its  width  about  J  length  of  eye ;  no 
cirrns  above  the  eye ;  distance  from  supraocular  spine  to  nuchal  scales 
about  equal  to  eye;  supraocular  and  nuchal  spinbs  low;  occipital 
spines  wanting;  temporal  ridge  sharp,  ending  in  a  blunt  spine;  pro- 
orbital  projecting,  strongly  serrate;  a  blunt  spine  on  each  side  of 
snout, behind  serru)  of  preorbital;  a  blunt  spine  behind  this  above 
angle  of  mouth;  no  spine  on  cheekbone  in  adult;  upper  opercular 
spine  almost  obsolete ;  bones  of  bead  rat'ier  strongly  striate,  but  not 
granulate;  gill  rakers  short;  moutli  moderate;  scales  rather  large; 
about  52  pores.  D.  X-11 ;  A.  10.  First  dorsal  spine  not  much  shorter 
than  second,  which  is  2 J  in  head;  caudal  very  slightly  concave;  ven- 
trals  reaching  a  little  past  vent;  head  3;  depth  5.  Color  nearly  plain 
brownish,  with  darker  clouds;  no  distinct  spots  anywhere  on  body  or 
fins ;  the  pectorals  marbled  with  paler.  bubio,  2492. 

nn.  Supraorbital  cirrus  present,  fringed.  Interorbital  space  very  deeply  con- 
cave, its  width  about  g  length  of  eye;  a  fringed  cirrus  above  the  eye; 
distance  from  supraocular  spine  tonucbal  scales  about  ^  the  eye;  occipi- 
tal as  well  as  nuchal  spines  distinct;  tempoial ridge  with  a  small  spine; 
no  spine  on  cheek  bone;  bones  of  the  head  with  fine,  sharply  defined 
strisB,  but  no  granulations;   upper  opercular  spine  well  developed; 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  jf  North  America.     2151 


of  tbo  Hol't 


Bi'iileHiiiodfrato  (about  50  porcH).   I).VIII-13;    A.  11.  Firnt  dorHal  Bpiiin 

Ion(;eHt,  1)  in  liund;  caudal  Hiibtruncate;  ]>«ctoral8  nearly  twire  as  long 

BA  head,  reachinf;  nearly  to  last  rayn  of  dorsal;  ventralp  about  reaching 

to  vent;  hea4l  3  in  length;  di^pth  4j.    Color  orinisou  red,  nearly  plain; 

caudal  with  2  dark  cross  Hbadea.  oimiryas,  2493. 

kk,  Poctoral  fins  Mhort,  not  reaching  beyond  middle  of  dorsal ,  head  much  smoother 

than  in    ny  other  species,  the  bones  of  the  head  faintly  striate,  with  small 

granuliitions;  the  cranial  spines  little  developed;  the  Hiipra<Hnilar,  occipital, 

and  temporal  spines  wholly  wanting,  there  being  only  3  ]>airH  of  spines  on  the 

head;  mouth  large,  the  niaxillury  2  in  head.    Gill  riikers  short  and  thick  in 

adult,  slender  in  young,  about  10  developed ;  interorbital  spuce concave,  rather 

broad,  its  width,  in  adult,  rather  more  than  length  of  eye;  first  dorsal  spine 

granulated;  caudal  slightly  lunate;  pectoral  subtruncate,  the  second  ray  the 

longest,  as  long  as  head  in  adult;  scales  large,  48  pores  in  tbo  lateral  line. 

Head  large,  2}  in  length;  depth  3}.    I).  X-12;  A.  11.    Color  crimson,  with 

darker  clouds  and  small  spots;  both  dorsals  with  dark  cross  streaks;  head 

and  pectoral  fins  conspicuouBly  reticulated  with  blackish  (in  adult);  anal 

plain,  whitish ;  free  rays  of  pectoral  unspotted.  stearnsi,  2404. 

jj.  Freopercular  spine  with  a  distinct  smaller  one  at  the  baso;  gill  rakers  slender. 

q.  Cheek  bone  without  distinct  spine  at  the  center  of  radiation;  edge  of 
preorbital  granular-serrate,  without  distinct  s)>ine,  the  serric  about 
12  in  number  on  each  side ;  temporal  ridges  roughish  but  without 
spines;  bones  of  the  beail  with  the  stria;  coarsely  granular;  mouth 
moderate,  the  uuixillary  about  21  in  head ;  head  not  very  broad,  the 
spines  above,  except  the  nuchal  spiues,  not  conspicuous ;  gill  rakers 
long  and  slender,  15  to  20  developed ;  head  2}  in  length ;  depth  about 
4.    D.  X-12;  A.  11.    Coloration  brownish ;  side  with  a  very  distinct 
dusky  bronze  band  below  the  lateral  line  and  parallel  with  it,  this 
becoming  broken  posteriorly  into  a  series  of  roundish  dark  spots ; 
some  dark  streaks  and  clouds  below  this  stri|)e;   fins  with  dark 
clouds,  the  soft  dorsal  with  2  dark  blotches,  which  extend  as  bars 
on  the  back ;  head  with  scattered  dark  spots ;  dusky  .area  below  eye. 
r.  Pectoral  with  its  rays  each  crossed  by  fine  black  bars,  these  especially 
distinctHoward  the  base  of  the  fin ;  free  rays  spotted ;  scales  com- 
paratively small,  10-1-14-23  in  a  vertical  lino  from  last  dorsal  spine 
to  vent;  interorbital  area  broad  and  almost  flat,  its  width  a  little 
more  than  length  of  eye ;  first  dorsal  spine  granulated ;  second 
spine  2}  ia  head;  pectorals  about  J  the  length  of  the  body. 

STBIQATUS,  2495. 
rr.  Pectoral  fin  with  its  rays  all  plain  blackish ;  free  rays  plain  dusky ; 
scales  larger,  8-1-1 -{-21  in  a  vertical  line  from  last  dorsal  spine  to 
vent;  interorbital  space  more  deeply  concave,  its  width  in  adult 
not  q  :]ite  length  of  eye ;  first  dorsal  spine  nearly  smooth ;  second 
spine  3  in  head ;  ^.^ctorals  a  little  more  than  \  of  the  body. 

EVOLANS,  2496. 
qq.  Cheek  bone  with  a  spine  (small  in  the  adult,  larger  in  the  young)  at 
the  center  of  radiation,  this  rarely  obsolete  in  old  examples. 
t.  Spines  on  bones  of  head  moderate,  not  knifs-liko;  preorbital  with  a 
series  of  serrse  and  1  or  more  blnntish  spiues. 
t.  First  3  dorsal  spines  little  if  at  all  serrate;  pectorals  reaching 
past  middle  of  anal,  their  length  net  qr  ito  \  the  body ;  gill 
rakers  rather  long  and  slender,  about  10  developed;  maxil- 
lary 2}  in  head;  a  bluntish  spine  on  edge  of  snout  behind 
the  serrie ;  behind  this,  1  or  2  smaller  ones,  at  least  in  the 
young;  usually  a  small  spine  on  cheekbone;  a  shallow  groove 
behind  the  eye  evident;  interorbital  area  rather  narrow,  con- 
cave;  preocular,  supraocular,  occipital  and  nuchal  spines 
rather  prominent.    Dorsal  spines  high,  the  third  2^  in  head; 


3 


.'..iiri'Ks.J^rv.'. 


hil. 


2152         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


flrnt  spino  not  serrato ;  caudal  triiiicnte.  Head  2;|  <n  length ; 
depth  2|).  D.  X-12;  A.  12.  ToreH  about  50.  Back  obHcurely 
Hpotted ;  dorsal  and  caudal  flnH  spotted  with  brown,  the  flrRt 
dorBol  with  a  black  blotcli  bealdes;  the  pectoral  with  obscure 
dark  spots,  and  margined  with  blue.  I'Unctatus,  2407. 

((.  First  3  dorsal  spines  more  or  less  serrate ;  gill  rakers  rather  long, 
about  8  developed;  maxillary  about  2}  in  head;   a  groove 
behind  eye;  intororbital  space  narrow,  J  eye;  third  dorsal 
spine  high,  1  head.    1).  X-12;  A.  11.    Pores  50.    Color  brown 
ish  yellow;   spinous  dorsal  with  a  bla«jk  blotch;   pectoral 
with  2  longitudinal  broad  dark  areas  separated  and  sur- 
rounded by  paler.  beami,  2498. 
IS.  Spines  on  bones  of  head  elevated,  knife-liki!;  head  very  large, 
more  than  jj  length;  temporal  ridge  with  2  bluntish  apinos; 
bones  of  the  head  very  sharply  striate;  young  with  4  sharp, 
knife-like  spines  on  side  of  cheek  and  anout,  in  a  line  before 
the  preoenlar  spine,  these  nearly  disappearing  with  age ;  maxil- 
lary about  2^  in  head ;  sides  without  dark  longitudinal  stripe, 
u.  Pectoral  fin  moderate,  about  ^  body  in  adult,  2}  in  young;  gill 
rakers  slender  in  the  young,  becoming  sliorter  and  thicker 
with  age,  about  10  developed  on  lower  part  of  arch ;  head 
broad,  the  spines  on  its  upper  Hurface  very  prominent,  all 
of  them  more  or  less  compressed  and  knifuliko,  especially 
in  the  young.    Second  dorsal  spine  2)  in  head;  head  2^; 
depth  4^.    D.  X-12;  A.  11.    Body  brownish,  much  mottled 
with  grayish  and  dusky,  and  with  3  or  4  obscure  dark 
cross  bands;  head  and  dorsal  iins  witli  many  dark  spots; 
caudal  with  2  dusky  shades;  free  rays  of  pectoral  spotted. 

TBIBUI.US,  2499. 
uu.  Pectoral  fin  short,  about  3  in  body ;  gill  rakers  long  and  slen- 
der, 5  developed ;  scales  small,  100 ;  spines  as  in  P.'trihulut, 
but  still  larger  and  more  knifo-like,  much  larger  than  in 
any  other  species;  pectoral  fins  reaching  third  anal  ray; 
interorbital  space  broad,  little  concave,  about  as  wide  as 
eye.  Body  brownisli ;  no  black  blotch  on  spinous  dorsal ; 
soft  dorsal  and  caudal  barred,  pectoral  with  a  broad  black 
band.  uouiUUiS,  ;i5U0. 


Subgenus  GURNARDUS,  Jordan  &  Evermann. 

2480.  PltlONOTUS  BIROSTRATUS,  Kichardson. 

Head  3 ;  depth  5.  D.  IX-12 ;  A.  1, 10 ;  C.  10.  Body  slender  and  elongate ; 
width  at  nape  between  coatal  spines  5^  in  head;  head  lonjj,  proiilo  before 
eyes  concave,  the  snout  with  a  projecting  lolie  on  each  side,  the  lobe 
longer  and  narrower  than  in  any  other  species,  its  length  J  eye;  a  back- 
ward projecting  spine  at  base,  besides  numerous  retrorse  serrje  along  its 
sides;  surface  of  bones  very  rough;  mouth  small;  maxillary  barely  ^ 
head,  not  reaching  front  of  eye;  eye  4^  in  head;  interorbital  space  very 
narrow,  deeply  concave,  granular,  striate,  its  length  '-k  eye,  7  in  head; 
orbital  rim  elevated,  with  a  stout  spine  anteriorly,  before  which  are  3  or  4 
others  forming  a  raised  ridge ;  a  stout  spine  above  posterior  part  of  orbit, 
another  behind  orbit;  still  another  on  the  occipital  beyond  ridge;  2  or  3 
blunt  spines  behind  eye ;  a  stout  spine  on  opercle  which  reaches  slightly 
beyond  base  of  the  still  larger  humeral  spine ;  a  stout  spine  on  preopercle 


Jordan  and  liverniann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2153 


with  anotlu!!'  Htrong  npiuu  at  itH  hast';  another  hcl'orn  it  on  rixliation 
center  ol'clieek;  anotlior  on  tbo  pn-orbital,  tliuHc  I  forniin)'  a  Htriii^ht 
lino  with  rctrorHiii  itrojeotion  and  all  of  them  hooked  backward;  no  (lurvo 
acroHH  top  of  head;  uiembranaueouH  llap  of  opercle  not  scaly;  gill  rakurH 
nnknown;  scales  rather  small,  the  nnniber  not  to  bo  conntod,  apparently 
none  on  breast,  the  naki'd  skin  of  breast  formin)^  an  acute  angle  behind;  7 
rows  of  scales  between  occiput  and  dorsal;  spinous  dorsal  rather  low,  its 
lirst  3  spines  serrate  in  front,  tho  second  the  highest,  \  head ;  soft  dorsal 
with  first  row  serrated,  its  length  2^  in  head;  anal  lower,  its  longest  ray 
2}  in  head;  caudal  truncate,  \\  in  head;  ])ertoral  short,  its  middle  rays 
longest,  reaching  llfth  ray  of  soft  dorsal,  2'.!  in  body;  ventrals  \\  in  head; 
free  rays  tapering,  1;^  in  head.  Coloration  not  described;  body  and 
iius  in  ligure  unmarked,  except  pectoral,  which  is  blackish  at  tip.  Gulf 
of  Fonseca;  known  from  a  single  speeimc-i  0.7  inches  long.  Here 
described  from  Richardson's  ngnre,  which  gives  details  not  mentioned  in 
his  description.  Apparenoly  a  well-nuirked  species  with  the  spines  of 
Prionotua  horrena,  but  with  a  small  mouth  and  rostral  beak  different  from 
that  of  any  other  species.     {biroalraliiH,  two-beaked.) 

Prionotua  birostralut,  Kichardson,  Voyage  of  the  SutpJnir,  Iclitliyology,  pt.  2, 81,  April, 
1845,  Qulf  of  Fonseca,  west  Coast  of  Central  America.    (Coll.  Edwurd  Belilier.) 


2481.  PBI0X0TU8  OYSIXOSTETHUH,  Gilbert. 

Head  2^;  depth  3^;  eye  4  in  head;  snout  2,^«-;  interorbital  width  10; 
pectoral  li;  ventrals  l.:| ;  second  dorsal  spine  2.  D.  X  or  Xl-10  or  11; 
A.  11.  Body  heavy  anteriorly,  tapering  rapi<lly  to  tho  slender  tail. 
Head  large;  stritu  tine,  numerous,  scarcely  to  be  distinguished  on  top  of 
head,  which  ia  finely  granular;  snout  long;  profile  concave,  the  orbital 
region  abruptly  elevated ;  preorbital  on  each  side  projecting  beyond  the 
mouth  in  a  narrow  lobe,  which  is  usually  sharply  triangular,  the  2 
lobes  strongly  divergent;  free  edge  of  preorbital  with  a  row  of  very  fine 
serra);  anterior  nostril  with  a  long  llap;  mouth  small,  the  maxillary^ 
length  of  head,  a  naked  area  behind  it.  Eyes  very  prominent,  the  pre- 
ocular  ridge  high,  bearing  1  strong  spine;  interorbital  space  very  nar- 
row, concave,  -^  length  of  head ;  a  deep  transverse  groove  on  top  of  head 
behind  eyes.  Supraocular  spine  short  and  blunt ;  occipital  and  nuchal 
spines  flat,  bluntish;  temporal  ridge  with  2  spinous  projections;  oper- 
cular, preopercular,  and  humeral  spines,  long  and  sharp;  preopercular 
spine  with  a  very  strong  accessory  spine  at  base,  from  which  a  low  ridge 
extends  forwards  to  middle  of  cheek,  where  it  ends  in  a  weak  spine. 
Gill  rakers  l-f7,  slender,  of  moderate  length.  Second  dorsal  spine  the 
highest,  the  first  2  spines  minutely  serrulated  in  front;  pectorals  very 
short,  i  the  length,  reaching  but  little  past  front  of  anal;  caudal  slightly 
lunate.  Scales  very  small,  none  on  breast  or  belly,  the  naked  area  ex- 
tending upwards  behind  pectoral  fin  to  humeral  spine,  and  narrowing 
backward  to  front  of  anal;  region  in  front  of  spinous  dorsal  naked. 
Color  in  spirits,  brownish  above,  light  below,  the  dorsal  region  and  top 
of  head  often  with  small  dark  spots;  1,  or  rarely  2,  small  black  ocel- 
3030 58 


2164  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


luted  HputH  lietwooii  rourtli  and  tU'tb  dorHal  Hpiiu^g;  ))ectoraI  mostly  dunky, 
light  at  baHn  beluw,  and  udgdd  with  whittt;  a  diiHky  blott-h  un  iinter  por- 
tion of  lowi^r  caudal  lobe,  (inlf  of  California;  Meveral  Hpecimt'os  taken 
in  Hballow  water.  Len^^th  3^  inrbes.  C'loH«dy  relatfd  to  PrionotnaTetiisnia, 
ditl'eriug  conspicuouHly  in  the  wholly  naked  breatit  and  belly.  (Ollbort.) 
(;'Uyui'd?, naked;  <iri}Ooi,  breabt.) 

J'rioiiotnt  tf)imiio»tfthun,  (Jimieiit.  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mim.  1801,  650,   Oulf  of  Calirornia. 
(Coll.  AlbatruiK.) 

t 

SlHi!.  PKIONOTIJN  XKNISMA,  Jordan  &  Bollmnn. 

Head  2\  to  2J  (3  to  3i  in  totol) ;  depth  31^  to  .3^  (4  to  \\) ;  eye  4  in  head. 
1^  VIII-11;  A.  10;  Hcales  in  a  l()n<>;itudiual  HerieH  GO  to  70,  about  \\\ 
oblique  Bcrien  between  giM  oprning  and  tail;  35  to  40  pores  in  lateral 
lino.  Dody  short  and  robust,  little  compressed,  the  width  of  the  napu, 
between  oeci])ital  Hpines,  6  to  Gj  in  head;  head  short  and  high;  eyes 
prominent;  the  profile  angulated,  concave  before  eye,  convex  above  it; 
snout  short  and  broad,  its  breadth  greater  than  its  length,  which  is  2$  in 
head,  its  anterior  margin  deeply  emarginate,  the  preorldtal  produced  on 
each  side  into  a  broad,  triangular,  spiniferous  lobe,  which  is  nearly  equal 
to  h  diameter  of  eye.  Kurfaee  of  bones  of  head  tinely  an«i  densely  granular 
striate.  Moutli  sniall,  maxillary  3  to  'i^  in  head,  not  reaching  front  of 
eye.  lia'id  of  palatine  teeth  rather  broad.  Interorbital  space  narrow, 
dee])ly  concave  aiul  granular  striate,  its  least  width  0  to  6^  in  head; 
orbital  rim  elevated,  its  ed<;es  granular  serrate;  no  distinct  preorbital 
spine,  whole  edge  of  preorbital  finely  serrulate ;  a  groove  across  top  of  head 
behind  the  blunt  sii|iraorbital  spine.  Occipital  ridges  present,  the  outer 
granular  and  not  spinous,  the  inner  rather  sharply  elevated  into  a  short 
spine,  the  outer  rather  wide,  extending  to  second  dorsal  spine;  temporal 
region  with  an  elevated  roughish  ridge,  on  which  are  2  bluntish  promi- 
nences; preopercular  spine  large  and  strong,  Avith  a  smaller  one  at  its 
base;  opercular  spine  long  and  sharp;  humeral  spine  usually  larger  than 
opercular;  no  spines  on  8ul)orbital.  Breast  scaly ;  membranaceous  Hap  of 
opereles  not  scaly.  Gill  rakers  short,  slender,  longer  than  interspaces, 
and  aboutequal  to  3  of  pupil;  nakedskinof  throat  with  numerous papillu); 
scales  rather  small,  of  about  equal  si/e  on  breast  and  belly,  extending 
beyond  base  of  ])ectorals,  anterior  margin  forming  an  obtuse  angle;  3 
or  4  rows  of  rudimentary  scales  between  occiput  and  dorsal.  Spinous 
dorsal  high,  the  first  spine  longest,  1|  to  11(  in  head;  anterior  margin  of 
first  3  si)ines  with  numerous  granula; ;  second  spine  slightly  more  than  2 
in  head,  all  the  spines  stout;  longest  ray  of  second  dorsal  shoi'ter  than 
snout,  3|^  in  head;  longest  anal  ray  3J  in  head;  caudal  olightly  lunate, 
If  in  head;  pectorals  quite  short,  reaching  fifUi  ray  of  second  dorsal,  3 
in  body;  ventrals  reaching  anal,  1|  in  head.  Three  short  granular  inter- 
spinal bones  projecting  through  the  skin  between  first  and  second 
dorsal,  the  anterior  less  robust  than  others.  Coloration  in  spiuts,  grayish 
(probably  red  in  life);  dusky  above  and  irregularly  mottled ;  a  distinct 
dark  spot  before  base  of  caudal ;  dorsal  dusky,  with  a  large  black,  ocel- 
lated  spot  between  fourth  and  fifth  spines;  dorsal  spines  with  a  row  of 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2165 


dark  H|>otB  on  their  anterior  niMr^in;  Hoft  (lormil  with  3  rowH  of  diirk 
•pots;  peutorals  bluckiHh,  a  iviVf  of  tlie  upper  ruya  pale  on  the  iiiuor  siile; 
ventriils  and  iinal  piilu;  caudal  ItarrtMl  witli  dunky.  i^on^th  4  iucb«^H. 
Pai'illj  count  of  Colombia.  Vory  many  HpitcimeuH  drttdgud  at  a  depth  of 
33  fathomu.     {ieyidfia,  a  surprise.) 

Prionotuii  xtniiima,  Jokuan  &.  Uoi.lman,  Proo.  V.  S.  Nat.  Miir.  1880,  101),  Paciflc  Ocean 
off  coast  of  Colombia,  at  Albatross  Station  379s,  7°  37'  N.,  78°  53'  W.  (Type,  Ko. 
41151.) 

2483.  PltlOXOTUH  LOXIAH,  Jordan. 

Head  2^;  depth  3}.  D.  X-lOorll;  A.  10;  scales  about  50.  Body  stout; 
head  lar^e,  rou^rh ;  mouth  moderate,  maxillary  not  reaching  front  of  orbit, 
'2'i  in  head;  eye  large,  3}  to  1  in  head;  snout  2^  in  head ;  opercular  Hpiue 
strong,  nearly  as  large  as  preopercuhir  H])iue;  humeral  spine  Huiall,  not 
i  as  large  as  either  of  the  others;  interorbital  area  narrow,  its  ridge 
evenly  concave,  its  width  2'i  in  eye;  prcopercular  spine  without  smaller 
one  in  front;  uo  spiuo  at  center  of  radiation  of  cheek;  preorbital  edge 
prominent,  finely  denticulated;  supraorbital  ridge  prominent,  with  a 
bluntish  spine  before  and  behind;  a  transverse  groove  on  head  behind 
eye;  snoul  broad,  slightly  emarginute  at  tip,  the  rostral  plates  not  much 
projecting,  their  edges  sharply  and  finely  serrate,  with  10  to  12  serrro; 
occipital  ridges  »  short  distance  behind  supraorbital  ones,  ending  in  a 
bluntish  spine,  as  also  the  nuchal  ridges.  Teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  pal- 
atines in  bands;  lower  jaw  included;  base  of  mandible  below  front  of 
orbit;  bones  of  cheeks  and  opercles  with  strong  stria-,  tlie  rest  of  the 
bones  of  the  head  roughish.  Gill  rakers  short,  about  10  below  the  angle, 
the  anterior  oaes  tubercle-like;  breast  closely  scaled.  Pectorals  short, 
3J  to  3J  in  the  length  of  the  body,  scarcely  longer  than  longest  detached 
ray,  their  tips  reaching  about  third  ray  of  anal  lin,  length  3^  in  the  body; 
ventrals  long,  their  tips  almost  reaching  tips  of  pectorals,  If  in  head; 
first  dorsal  s])iuo  the  longest,  its  length  1}  in  head,  serrate  in  front;  first 
dorsal  ray  slightly  serrulate  at  basn,  its  length  3  in  bead ;  longest  anal 
ray  4  in  head;  caudal  tin  lunate,  with  pointed  lobes,  IJ  in  head.  Color, 
brownish  above,  grayish  below;  head  and  anterior  parts  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly vermiculated  with  dark  olivaceous,  these  markings  especially 
distinct  on  bones  ot  head;  sides  with  6  to  15  iiarrow  brown  oblique  bands 
extending  downward  and  backward  from  the  lateral  lino  about  halfway 
to  anal  fin,  these  obsolete  or  less  conspicuous  on  anterior  portion  of  the 
body;  both  dorsals  mottled  with  olive;  caudal  with  3  broad  blackish 
bars  which  do  not  cross  the  upper  and  lower  ray,  the  last  bar  broad  and 
very  conspicuous ;  upper  ray  of  caudal  dark  olive ;  no  black  spot  at  base 
of  caudal;  anal  and  ventrals  white;  pectorals  blackish,  faintly  barred 
with  darker  and  margined  with  white.  Paciiic  coast  of  Central  America. 
Here  described  from  many  specimens,  3  to  6  inches  long,  from  Albatross 
Station  2805,  where  it  occurs  with  Prionotua  xeniama,  but  more  abundantly 
than  the  latter.  It  has  not  yet  been  seen  elsewhere.  This  species  resem- 
bles Prionotua  xeniama  very  closely.  It  is,  however,  a  little  more  elongate, 
with  rather  smaller  scales,  the  snout  longer,  the  caudal  fin  barred,  the 


2150         liulktin  ^7,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 


iHiily  tiioro  vi'riiiiuiiliito  iintl  with  oltliqiio  burn,  iiiul  no  diHtiiict  dark  spot 
ut  btiHo  ot'cuiulal.  Thoi'o  \h  no  truro  of  a  Hocond  Hplno  at  thu  buHo  of  tli« 
liux*^  pri'operuuliir  Hpino,  and  tho  hiiniural  Hpino  Ih  nincli  Hnniller  than  tho 
opurrnlar.  Hoth  bavu  tlio  Hnont  Boniewliut  IdroNtrute,  the  forohead  and 
oyca  vury  prominunt,  and  the  purtorals  very  abort.  Thu  projection  of  the 
loboa  of  tho  Hnont  in,  howeviu-,  niiirh  Iohh  tlian  in  /'rioiiotim  IHroatralua, 
with  which  Hpe(;ioM  the  pr«Huutouo  was  ut  Urst  identilled.  (Aol/as,  \oi6i, 
obli<|Uu,  from  the  oroHs  buta.) 

I'rUmittuf  birotlralut,  Johdah  &.  Doixman,  Pruo.  U.  S.  Kat.  Muh.  188U,  170 1  not  of  IticilAKO- 

HON. 

J'riuiiotiit  toxiai,  Jokdan,  in  Oii-iikkt,  Proit.  IT.  K.  Nat.  Mim.  1800, 4S2,  at  Albatross  Station 
aSos,  south  of  Panama,  in  jij  fathoms.  (Tyito,  No.  47680,  U.  S.  Nut.  Muh.  ;  cotype, 
No.  165,  L.  S.  Jr.  Uuiv.  Miib.) 

Subgenus  MERULINUS,  Jordan  &.  Evommnn. 

2484.  PKIOXOTUM  CAIIOLIXUS  (Liuuiimt). 

(Common  (iUunaiiu;  Ked-winmed  Kea-Uobin.) 

Head  3;  doptb  5.  D.  X-13;  A.  12;  acalos  58.  Hody  not  Tory  Blender; 
]ioud  niodtM-atc ;  inontli  comparatively  amull,  tho  maxilbiry  about  3  in  bead, 
till!  niandildo  not  reachinj^  vertical  from  front  of  cyt* ;  groovo  acroHH  t(»p  of 
boad  behind  cyo,  very  conHpicnons;  intororbital  area  niodcrately  concave, 
rath(!r  broad,  about  e<puil  to  diameter  of  eye ;  bonoH  of  head  comparatively 
Hmootb,  the  preocnlar,  ]ioHtocnlar,  occipital  and  nuchal  Hpinen  low, 
depreHHed;  temporal  nd^o  couHpicuouH,  without  spineH;  1  or  2  Hmall 
Hpinulca  on  lower  edj^e  of  preoperele,  below  the  preopercular  Hpine;  preo- 
percular  spine  with  no  Hnialler  (»ne  at  ita  baae  in  i'ront;  pect(»ral  linahort, 
re  ching  little  paat  front  of  anal,  itH  length  Ichh  than  ^  the  body;  gill 
rakcra  «>f  nu)derate  length,  about  10  developed;  no  apino  on  cheek  bono 
or  on  KideH  of  anont.  Doraal  apinea  low,  the  aecond  2^  in  head,  tho 
iirat  moderately  serrate;  baae  of  aoft  doraal  equal  to  diatance  from  tip  of 
anout  to  ti])  of  humoral  spine ;  <^andal  fin  lunate,  ita  outer  raya  i  to  t  longer 
than  inner;  pectoral  fin  aomewhat  rotmditd,  rather  abort,  not  r(^a(-hing  laat 
ray  of  anal  and  not  more  than  A  the  length  of  the  body;  tho  longeat  ray 
about  the  fifth;  free  raya  of  pe('toral  expanded  toward  tip,  with  decur- 
rent  membrane;  acalea  rather  large,  about  58  pores.  Body  and  fina  nearly 
plain,  mottled  with  darker,  but  without  well-defined  apota  except  the  dor- 
aal ocellua;  back  with  4  obscure  croaa  blotches;  2  or  3 oblique  paleatreaks 
across  apinoua  dorsal ;  gill  membranea  duaky.  Young  with  head  rougher, 
pectoral  fina  shorter,  dark  spots  on  body  more  distinct,  ('oast  of  Maine 
to  South  Carolina,  chiefly  northward;  very  abundant  on  the  coasts  of 
aouthern  New  England  and  New  York,  but  rarelj'  taken  aa  far  aonth  aa 
Charleaton.  Our  specimens  are  from  MeueiuSi.  a  Bight,  Marthas  Vineyard. 
{carolinus,  from  Carolina.) 

Trigla  Carolina,  Linnaeus,  Mantissa,  176,  528,  Carolina. 

Trigla  palmipe$,  Mitchill,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil.  Soc.  New  York  1814,  431,  pi.  4,  flg.  5, 

New  York  Harbor. 
Prionotus  pilatus,  Storbr,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  !Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  1845,  77,  Massachusetts  Bay, 

adult  speciniL-ns;  Stokek,  Uist.  Fish.  Muss.,  68,  pi.  6,  lig.  1,  1867;  GOODS  &  BEAN, 

Boll.  Esaez  lust.,  xi,  12, 1879. 


Jordan  and  livermann, — Fishes  of  North  .\mcrUa.     I.*157 


J'rinnr.hta  earnlinui,  Cvvivn  .V  VaMcncirnnkh,  HInI.  X»t.  PoIm.,  iv,  BO,  1H2S;  Stoiirii, 
U«|Mirt  I'MhIion  Mohh.,  14,  IR:iO;  I)k  Kav,  N<<w  York  Fiiiiiiii :  FIhIii'm,  id,  \A.f>,  tl^;.  in, 
IH4'J;  AVKKH,  IIohI.  JiMiril.  Nftt.  IllHt.,  rv,  |H4-.>,  2:>8:  CI'VTtlKR,  (^itt,,  11,  1»'2,  im)\  (iil.l,, 
(-'nt.  VlnU.  KoMt  CuaMt  N.  Am.,  21,  187:1;  Johdah  St.  (iit.itiKT,  Troc.  U,  H.  Nut.  Mum. 
1878,1173;  IlKAN,  l'rii<-.  U.H.Nat.  MiiH.  1880,  8ti  (!<M)i)K  \  IIkan,  Itiill.  Khmi'x  IiihI.,  xi. 
12,  1870;  .loitDAN  .V  llniiiRH,  ]>r<Mi.  I',  s.  Niii.  MiiH.  18811,  ;i:i:i. 

I'lionittui  ii»lmii>tt,  SToKKR,  IliHt.FlNh.  Muhh.,  *t(l,  pi.  ,'i,  tit;.  1,  1807;  JoUOAV  fi.  (ill.llKUT, 
I'rix'.  r.  S.  Xilt.  MilH.  1383,  ni4;  JoiiDAN  >V  (ill.llKIlT,  S.viii)|miM,  7:il,  1883;  liooliK,  Niit. 
Hint.  A<|iiatiii  AnininiM,  snS,  |il.  71,  lii84;  (Ioodk  &.  ilK.VN,  Ooi'iuiiu  lohthyiiloK.v.  408, 
18UII. 


24S».  PRIOXOTI'S  sriTri.rs  .Tonlnn. 

ITovl2H">iS;  (loptlir./it(»«{!^.  T).X-i:{;  A.12;  BciiIonnitlierHnmll,  ahoiit 
<!();  r»2  pores;  body  timcli  NlnidtMMtr  tli.iii  in  any  othi-r  HIll■('i<^H;  lieiid  hiiiiiII, 
lo\v,  rathor  pointed.  Hnout  rather  Ioiik»  n  little  shoitor  tlian  rent  of  liead, 
itH  width  betwoon  an^len  of  mouth  about  LU  in  head.  Maxillary  not  reach- 
ing front  of  eye,  2ij  in  head.  SideH  of  nnout  tiui'ly  and  evenly  nerrate; 
mouth  comparatively  Huiall,  the  maxillary  \vsiA  than  I  the  lenjxth  of  X\w 
head;  groove  ajross  top  of  head  behind  eye,  little  conspicuouH;  interor- 
bltal  area  narrow,  deeply  concave,  itn  width  about  it  tlie  diameter  of  the 
eye;  boneH  of  tlie  head  very  Hmooth,  the  ntriationH  very  weak;  Hj)ineH  on 
top  of  head  preocular,  Hupraocular,  occipital,  and  nuchal)  Hhort  and 
sharp,  not  dcprcNHcd;  temporal  rid<;o  blunt,  without  Hpint*;  1  or  2  Hnuill 
spinulcH  on  lower  edge  of  pnioporcle,  below  tlie  preopercnlarBpino;  dor- 
sal spineH  very  high,  the  second  \\  in  head,  the  firnt  moderately  serrate; 
soft  dorsal  high,  its  base  about  ^  longer  tlian  head;  caudal  trnncatt*,  its 
third  ray  longest,  the  others,  to  the  tenth,  little  shorter;  free  rays  of  pec- 
toral a  little  expanded  at  tip;  scales  rather  small.  Hands  of  ])a1atin<^ 
teeth  narrow,  (jlill  rakers  long  and  slender.  Pectoral  in  male  2Jr  to  2ii  in 
body,  in  female  scarcely  nums  than  ^  length  of  body,  reaching  to  base  of 
fifth  or  sixth  dorsal  ray.  C<doration  of  female  in  life,  da'*'  ')live  above; 
back  and  sides  covc^red  with  numerous  round  spots  of  ditfercnt  sizes,  and 
not  arranged  in  series,  these  spots  bronze  c(dor  in  life,  becoming  brownish 
after  dcsth;  spinona  dorsal  dusky,  with  lighter  streaks;  a  distinct  black 
spot  on  upper  half  of  spinous  dorsal,  between  the  fourth  and  fifth  spine, 
this  spot  being  ocollated  below  and  behind;  a  second  black  blotch  on 
upper  half  of  first  spine  and  membrane,  also  ocellated  behind;  second 
dorsal  and  caudal  spotted  and  finally  blotched  with  black;  anal  largely 
black,  with  a  pinkish  border;  pectorals  blackish;  ventrals  pale;  branchi- 
ostegala  pinkish.  Male  in  life,  light  olive  brown,  with  4  saddle-like  dark 
blotches  on  back,  1  downward  and  forward  from  middle  of  spiiiouH  dorsal  to 
humeral  si)ine ;  a  second  from  front  of  soft  dorsal ;  a  third  from  end  of  dor- 
sal downward  and  forward  to  below  lateral  line,  tlu^nee  continued  forward 
as  a  narrow  horizontal  streak;  a  fourth  on  caudal  peduncle;  sides  every- 
where with  reddish  broAvn  spots,  as  in  the  female ;  opercle  reddish  brown ; 
branchiostcgal  membrane  and  i>alatiue  region  largely  jet-black;  spinous 
dorsal  olive  brown,  with  2  irregular,  lengthwise,  translucent  streaks  and 
an  intense  well-defined  black  spot  on  membrane  above,  between  fourth 
and  fifth  spines;  second  dorsal  olive  brown, vermiculated  with  whitish 
translucent,  and  without  round  spots ;  caudal  reddish  brown,  blackish 


2158  Bulletin  ^y,  United  States  National  Museum, 


toAvard  tip,  witli  a  conspicaoua,  white,  longitudinal  strouk  on  upper  lobe; 
anal  Itlackisli,  with  white  b»He  and  margin ;  pectoral  dark  brown,  irregu- 
larly barred  and  blotched  with  groitnish  and  light  brown;  free  rays  of 
pectoralH  and  inner  face  of  ventralM  dusky,  tinged  with  orange.  South 
Atlantic,  coast  of  United  Staten,  Iteaufort  to  St.  Augustine ;  a  very  well- 
marked  spccitm,  rather  common  within  the  region  from  which  it  ia  known. 
L(^ngth  5  to  6  inches,    (scitulua,  slender.) 

Prianotus  punetatus,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Troc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1K78,  373;  Qoode,  Proc. 
TT.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1870,  111;  Goouii:  &.  Bean,  Proc.  TJ.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1870,  338;  Jordan  &. 
Gu-BFRT,  SynopsiH,  734, 1883 ;  not  l^rigla  punctata,  Bloch. 

Prionoltu  teitvlug,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mna.  1882,  288,  Beaufort  (Coll.  Jor- 
dan, Bray  ton  ff.  Gilbert) ;  Jordan  &  Giliiert,  Proc.  TJ.  S.  Nat.  Miih.  1882, 614 ;  Jordan, 
Cat.  Fish.  N.  A.,  114, 1885;  Jordan  &  Huqhes,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  188G,  333. 


2480.  PRIONOTrS  ROHETJS,  Jordan  &.  Evermann. 


ii 


Head  3^  in  length  (4  with  caudal) ;  depth  6  (7i) ;  eye  moderate,  5J  in 
head.  D.  X-12;  A.  12;  scales  (transverse  series)  65  to  7C;  pores  in  lateral 
line  60  to  65.  Allied  to  Prionotus  scituliis.  Body  «iuite  slender,  little  com- 
piessed,  narrowed  above,  %yidth  of  nape  between  occipital  spines  being 
about  ^  of  head ;  head  quite  short  and  rather  high ;  eyes  prominent,  so 
that  the  anterior  prolile  forms  a  sharp  angle  at  front  of  eye,  and  is  some- 
what concave;  snout  rather  narrow,  2,^  in  head,  its  tip  somewhat  Jmargi- 
iiate;  edf^es  of  nnont  finely  serrulate  and  without  spine;  surface  of  bones 
of  head  comparatively  smooth,  the  small  granulations  arranged  in  distinct, 
fine,  radiating  striae.  Mouth  small,  the  maxillary  Si-  in  head,  the  man- 
dible not  quite  reaching  front  of  orbit;  band  of  palatine  teeth  narrow. 
Apparently  a  slight  cirrus  above  eye,  on  one  side,  in  typical  example, 
possibly  a  result  of  mutilation.  Interotbital  space  narrow,  deeply  con- 
cave, its  least  width  7^  in  head ;  orbital  rim  considerably  elevated,  both 
in  front  and  behind,  its  edge  granular  serrate;  a  shallow  groove  across 
top  of  head  behind  orbital  rim,  which  does  not  end  in  a  distinc£  spine; 
occipital  ridges  weak,  the  inner  X)air  without  spines,  the  outer  with  short 
ones  which  reach  somewhat  beyond  front  of  dorsal;  temporal  region  with 
an  elevated  roughish  ridge,  but  without  distinct  spine;  preopercle  with  a 
single  moderate  spine,  which  has  no  smaller  one  at  iCs  b^e,  either  in  front 
or  below;  opercular  spines  small  and  sharp;  humeral  spine  moderate;  no 
trace  of  spines  on  suborbital  or  preorbital,  the  head  being  provided  with 
but  5  pairs  o'  spines,  including  the  humeral  spine;  membranaceous  flap  of 
opercle  scaly.  Gil)  rakers  short  and  thickish,  about  8  developed,  these 
little  longer  than  the  interspaces,  and  not  i  length  of  pupil  and  nearly  i 
as  broad  as  high.  Scale's  small,  those  on  breast  much  reduced  in  size, 
about  12  between  occiput  and  dorsal.  Spinous  dorsal  high,  the  first  spine 
serrulate  in  front,  shorter  than  the  second,  which  is  1§  in  head.  (Second 
dorsal  and  anal  mutilated.)  Caudal  slightly  and  unequally  Innate,  the 
lower  lobe  the  longer,  1^  in  head;  pectoral  reaching  nearly  to  last  rays  of 
dorsal,  a  little  more  than  i  length  of  body;  ventrals  as  long  as  head. 
Coloration  in  spirits,  grayish,  unspotted,  more  dusky  above ;  dorsal  dusky. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amcri'-i.     2159 

with  no  very  diHtinct  markingn ;  caudal  fin  yellowish,  marked  at  base  with 
dusky,  its  tip  black;  pectorals  mostly  Uluck;  lower  fins  pule.  In  life  the 
typo  was  chiefly  pinkish  red,  which  color  still  iiersists  on  the  inside  of 
operclcfl.  Deep  watars  of  Gulf  of  Mexico,  known  only  ftom  the  "  npewings" 
of  Red  Groupers,  on  the  Sna^tpor  Banks  otV  Tampa  liay  and  Fensacola. 
Length  of  type  6j^  inches,     {tobcvlh,  rose  red.) 

Prtonotu*  leilultu,  Jobdan  <&  Gilrekt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882, 288,  mutilated  specimen 

from  Pensacola ;  not  ty])e. 
Prionottu  roteua,  Jordan  &.  Kvebmann,  Proc.  TT.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  1880,  4V0,  off  Trmpa  Bay, 

Florida.    (Type,  So.  37080;  Coll.  Chan.  H.  Boll,  lan.) 


8487.  PRIONOTUH  ALATIJS,  Goode  &.  Bean. 

Head  2^;  depth  4.  D.X-12;  A.  11;  caudal  3-7  +  5-4;  pectoral  13  +  3; 
ventrals  I,  5;  lateral  line  about  100;  tube-bearing  scales  about  50.  Body 
normal  iu  form,  rather  robust;  its  greatest  width  \  its  greatest  length 
without  caudal ;  least  height  of  tail  contained  12  times,  or  ner^rly  so,  in 
the  standard  body  length,  and  3  times  in  height  of  body.  The  num- 
ber of  rows  of  scales,  -counting  diagonally  around  the  body  from  origin  of 
anal,  is  21  below  and  7  above  the  lateral  line.  Width  of  head  equal  to  its 
height;  upper  limb  oi  orbit  encroaching  upon  the  upper  profile  of  head, 
the  center  of  the  pupil  equidistant  from  lip  of  snout  and  tip  of  the  pro- 
longed preopercular  spine;  length  of  snout  measured  obliquely  from  aute- 
rior  margin  of  orbit  equal  to  that  of  the  postorbital  portion  of  head  to 
end  of  opercular  spine;  a  robust  spine  at  lower  angle  of  preoperculum, 
curving  slightly  upward,  the  length  equal  to  that  of  first  dorsal  ray; 
this  spine  serrated  upon  its  outer  edge,  and  with  a  small  spine  at  its 
base  which  is  also  serrated ;  the  tip  of  the  spine  extending  to  perpen- 
dicular from  center  of  the  interspace  between  third  and  fourth  dorsal 
spines,  while  that  of  the  humeral  spine  extends  to  the  perpendicular 
from  the  interspace  between  the  fourth  and  fifth,  and  that  of  the  oper- 
cular to  the  peri)endicular  from  the  center  of  base  of  third;  a  strong 
scapular  spine  extends  back  to  the  posterior  edge  of  the  second  dorsal 
spine.  Length  of  upper  jaw  equal  to  i  that  of  heail.  Palatine  teeth 
in  short  feeble  bands,  hardly  perceptible,  even  with  a  strong  magni- 
fying glass.  Gill  rakers  6,  besides  several  rudimentary  ones,  5  being 
below  the  angle,  and  the  longest  equal  in  length  to  ^  diameter  of  eye. 
First  dorsal  fin  inserted  above  tip  of  upper  opercular  spine  and  at  a  dis- 
tance from  snout  equal  to  twice  length  of  the  fourth  dorsal  spine,  height 
of  first  dorsal  spine,  which  is  equal  to  that  of  the  third  and  slightly  less 
than  that  of  the  eecond,  equal  to  i  length  of  head,  its  anterior  margin 
strongly  serrated,  while  those  of  the  second  and  third  spines  are  less 
markedly  so;  length  of  base  of  first  dorsal  equal  to  greatest  height  of 
body;  the  distance  between  its  insertion  anC  that  of  second  dorsal  fin 
equal  to  the  length  of  the  longest  and  superior  detached  pectoral  ray; 
second  dorsal  fin  inserted  in  the  perpendicular  over  the  interspace  between 
the  second  and  third  anal  rays,  the  length  of  its  longest  ray  equaling  twice 
the  least  height  of  tail,  and  the  length  of  its  base  equaling  the  greatest 


Mi 


2100  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Musetim. 


loiigth  of  the  ventral  rays,  itn  first  ray  conspicuously  serrated  on  its  ante- 
rior edge.  The  insertion  of  the  anal  iin  is  in  the  pitrpendicnlar  below  the 
end  of  the  first  dorsal  fin ;  the  length  of  its  longest  rays  is  equal  to  \ 
that  of  the  middle  caudal  rays;  caudal  truncated,  very  slightly  emargi- 
nate ;  pectoral  very  iicculiar  in  structure,  its  longest  ray,  the  ninth,  reach- 
ing to  base  of  the  caudal  rays  and  equal  in  length  to  4  times  that  of  tlu^ 
fourth  dorsal  spine;  the  tenth  ray  a  triile  shorter,  extending  nearly  to 
the  end  of  the  soft  dorsal;  the  eleventh,  twelfth,  and  thirteenth  rays 
graduated,  decreasing- in  regular  proportion,  the  thirteenth  being  less 
than  \  as  long  as  the  tenth;  the  eighth  about  midway  betv/een  the  tenth 
and  the  eleventh;  the  first  slightly  longer  than  the  twelfth,  and  those 
intcrmodiute  between  the  fir-jt  and  the  eighth  are  graduated  in  length,  so 
as  to  form  a  rounded  outline  for  the  anterior  or  upper  portion  of  the  fin; 
the  pectoral  appendages  slender,  the  third  being  slightly  greater  in  length 
than  the  thirteenth  ray,  being  %  as  long  as  the  first,  while  the  second*  is 
intermediate  between  the  other  two;  the  ventral  inserted  directly  under 
the  base  of  the  pectoral  appendages,  its  first  spine  about  equal  in  length 
to  the  pri'upercular  spine  from  the  base  of  the  supplemental  rapines,  its 
longest,  the  third  and  fourth,  exactly  equal  in  length  to  the  base  of  the 
second  dorsal.  Color  brownish  above,  with  about  4  indistinct  transverse 
band-like  blotches,  1  of  which  is  on  the  base  of  the  caudal,  whitish  beneath ; 
vertical  fins  nniform,  the  tips  of  the  caudal  rays  blackish,  with  2  indis- 
tinct cloud-like  bands  in  advance  of  the  terminal  bands  thus  formed;  a 
black  blotch,  with  whitish  anterior  margin  on  the  membrane  between  th«' 
fourth  and  fifth  dorsal  spines;  a  very  inconspicuous  blackish  spot  on 
the  membrane  between  the  fifth  and  sixth;  others  still  less  conspicuous 
on  the  succeeding  interspaces ;  the  pectoral  blotched  and  clouded  with 
blackish  brown  and  white.  Off  Charleston,  South  Carolina ;  1  specimen 
obtained  in  the  same  haul  with  Notosema  dilccHm.  (Goode  &  Bean.)  It 
is  a  very  well-marked  species,  distinguished  especially  by  its  very  long 
pectoral  fin.    (alatus,  winged.) 

I'rionotus  alatua,  Goode  &  Bean,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  XIX,  210,  1883,  deep  sea  off 
Charleston,  South  Carolina ;  Jordan,  Cat.  Fish.  N.  Am.,  114, 1885 ;  Jordan  &  HuoHES, 
Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Man.  1886,  332;  Goods  &.  Bean,  Ocean.  lohth.,  467, 1896. 

Subgenus  PRIONOTUS. 
2488..  PRIONOTUS  MILES,  Jenyns. 

Head  2i ;  depth  4|;  eye  4^  in  head.  D.  X-12;  A.  10  or  11;  scales  about 
78.  Body  elongate,  rather  slender.  Head  moderate,  not  very  rough; 
mouth  moderate,  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  front  of  orbit,  2^  in  head ; 
interorbital  area  concave,  narrow,  If  in  eye;  no  transverse  postorbital 
groove ;  no  spine  on  center  of  radiation  of  cheek,  opercular  spine  rather 
weak,  less  prominent  than  the  humeral  spine,  preopercular  spine  slightly 
larger  than  the  humeral  spine,  no  smaller  one  before  it ;  all  of  the  spines 
simple ;  preorbital  ridge  serrulate,  no  conspicuons  postorbital  ridge ;  tem- 
poral ridges  present,  .all  of  the  bones  of  the  head  with  radiating  stria) ; 
snout  eniarginate,  about  10  2)rominent  spinules  on  each  lobe,  teeth  on 


t 


Jordan  and  Evcrmami. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2161 


vomer  in  2  putcbes,  on  jows  and  pulatinea  in  bands.  Gill  rakers  ratber 
lonj?,  about  10  below  tlie  anglo^ii-or  4  tnborcb^s  on  anterior  part  of  arch. 
Pectoral  fins  lonji;,  reaching  to  middle  of  the  anal  fin;  first  dorsal  spine 
weaker  and  shorter  than  t.he  B(>cond,  its  length  2'\  in  the  head,  longest 
dorsal  spine  2\  in  bead ;  ventrals  reaching  front  of  anal,  1^  in  the  head ; 
first  dorsal  spine  finely  serrulate,  other  spines  not  serrated;  caudal  oniar- 
ginate,  4^  in  the  length  of  the  body.  Color  uniform  brownish  above, 
distal  f  of  spinous  dorsal  black;  soft  dorsal  and  caudal  faintly  burred; 
ventrals  and  anal  white;  pectorals  blackish  with  white  margins.  Oala- 
pagos  Islands;  not  rare.  Here  described  from  niimerous  fine  specimens,  8 
to  10  :nches  in  length,  from  the  Galapagos,     {miles,  a  soldier.) 

Prionotut  milet,  Jenyns,  Zool.  Beagle,  FialieH,  20,  pi.  0,  1842,  Chatham  Inland,  Galapagos 
Archipelago  (Coll.  Chnrlea  Darwin) ;  GOntiieb,  Cat.,  u,  100,  1860. 


9  about 
rough; 
L  head; 
lorbital 

rather 
(lightly 

spines 
b;  tem- 

strin) ; 
eth  on 


2489.  PBIOJTOTUS  STEPHAJTOPHBYS,  Lockington. 

Head  2J;  depth  4;  eye  H  in  snout.  D.  X-12  or  13;  A.  11  or  12;  P. 
134-3;  scales  55.  Body  rather  stout;  head  large,  compressed,  broad,  and 
very  nearly  plane  above,  the  interorbital  region  not  concave ;  no  trans- 
verse furrow  behind  orbits;  orbital  rim  with  a  slightly  raised,  serrated 
crest ;  snout  very  short,  «  length  of  head ;  mouth  largo,  the  broad  maxil- 
lary reaching  beyond  front  of  orbit ;  bands  of  palatine  teeth  very  narrow ; 
gill  rakers  rather  long  and  slender ;  head  less  rough  than  usual,  the  bones 
little  striate ;  occipital  process  not  reaching  first  dorsal  spine;  preorbital 
little  projecting ;  preopercle  with  a  strong  smooth  spine,  reaching  slightly 
beyond  membrane  of  opercle;  opercle  ending  in  2  i>oints,  the  lower  a 
long  spine,  the  membrane  connecting  the  2  scaly ;  scales  thin,  ciliate,  not 
closely  imbricate ;  first  dorsal  spine  granulate  in  front ;  pectorals  reaching 
beyond  middle  of  anal,  about  to  base  of  ninth  ray ;  free  rays  very  slender, 
the  uppermost  more  than  |  length  of  fin ;  ventrals  not  reaching  vent ; 
caudal  slightly  emarginate.  Pale  olivaceous,  abruptly  white  at  level  of 
pectorals;  back  and  sides  with  a  few  scattered  dark  spots;  branch ioste- 
gals  mostly  safl'ron  yellow ;  spinous  dorsal  dusky,  with  diffuse  dark  blotches 
most  distinct  between  fourth,  fifth,  <and  sixth  spines;  second  dorsal  spot- 
ted ;  caudal  with  dark  blotches ;  pectorals  dark,  with  large,  round,  black 
spots.  Deep  water  off  San  Francisco,  Point  Reyes,  Monterey,  and  Lower 
Califcruia;  4  specimens  known.  Here  described  from  Mr.  Lockington's 
type,  and  from  2  others  collected  by  the  Albatross  at  Station  3041,  coast 
of  Lower  California.    (dT£<l>avoi,  crown;  60pv?,  eyebrow.) 

Prionotus  Hephanophryt,  Lockington,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1880,  520,  Point  Reyes,  near 
San  Francisco;  Jordan  &  Gilbert, Proc.  U.  S.  Tiat.  Mns.  1880,  4r>4;  Jordan  &.  Gil- 
BERT,  Proc.  TJ.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1881,  62;  .Tordan  &,  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  736,1883;  Jordan 
&  Hughes,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1886, 334. 

2490.  PBI0N0TU8  QUIESCENS,  Jordan  &  BoUman. 

Head  2J  to  2|  (3i  to  3^  with  caudal) ;  depth  4  to  4i  (5  to  6) ;  eye  moder- 
ate, 4i  to  5  in  head.  D.  X-12;  A.  11;  scales,  iu  lateral  line,  50  tr  55;  in 
a  longitudinal  series  60  to  70.    Body  rather  slender,  compressed,  uot  much 


■11'  ■-« 

m 


2162         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


narrowed  above,  tlie  width  of  the  nape  between  the  occipital  spines  4  to 
4j|  in  heail;  head  moderately  elonf;ate,  not  elevated;  eyca  not  prominent, 
the  ])rotile  from  snout  to  nape  almost  straight  or  slightly  convex;  snout 
broad,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  2^  to  2J  in  head;  anterior  mar- 
gin omarginate;  preorbitallittlo  projecting,  its  edge  with  about  15  to  20 
fine  serrn'!,  the  anterior  strongest  with  the  exception  of  the  last  one,  which 
Ih  directed  backward.  Surface  of  bones  of  head  smoother  than  usual  in 
this  genus  and  with  fine  radiating  granular  striu.>,  those  on  opercles, 
cheeks,  and  top  of  head  most  strongly  developed.  Month  rather  largo, 
maxillary  2^  in  head,  roachi'ig  slightly  beyond  anterior  orbital  rim.  Band 
of  palatine  teeth  narrow.  Orbital  rim  not  esjtecially  elevated,  its  edges 
granulated,  especially  anteriorly,  preorbital  and  postorbital  spiues  small 
and  blunt;  interorbital  not  deeply  concave,  rather  wide,  its  least  width 
4f  to  5  in  head ;  no  groove  across  top  of  head  behind  orbital  rim ;  occipital 
ridges  present,  the  inner  very  low,  ending  in  a  very  small  spine;  outer 
large,  ending  in  a  moderate  spine,  the  pair  diverging,  their  inner  edges 
serrulate,  the  spines  extending  to  nearly  opposite  first  dorsal  spine;  tem- 
poral region  with  a  slight  elevated  roughish  ridge,  but  no  spine;  preoper- 
Cblar  spine  long  and  sharp,  its  anterior  edge  somewhat  serrulate,  no 
smaller  spine  below  it  and  none  on  suborbital  stay ;  opercular  and  humeral 
spines  well  developed,  sharp;  no  trace  of  spines  on  suborbital  or  preor- 
bital. There  are  but  3  distinct  spines  on  each  side  of  the  head,  occipital, 
opercular,  and  preopercular.  Membranaceous  flap  of  opercle  with  a  few 
scales.  Gill  rakers  long  and  slender,  about  equal  to  |  diameter  of  eye, 
8  to  10  well  developed.  Scales  quite  small,  those  on  breast  (between  ven- 
trals)  larger  than  those  on  belly  or  throat;  scales  extending  beyond  base 
of  pectorals  to  isthmus ;  about  12  to  15  rows  between  occiput  and  front  of 
dorsal.  Spinous  dorsal  rather  low;  first  spine  not  strongly  serrulate,  | 
length  of  second,  which  is  2^  in  head;  first  ray  of  second  dorsal  weakly 
serrulate  at  base ;  longest  ray  shorter  than  snont  and  slightly  less  than  3 
in  head;  longest  anal  ray  3|  in  head;  caudal  lunate,  1^  to  IJ-  in  head; 
pectoral  generally  reaching  last  dorsal  ray,  a  little  more  than  ^  body; 
ventrals  reaching  vent,  1§-  to  1|  in  head.  Coloration  in  spirits,  grayish, 
unspotted,  more  dusky  above ;  spinous  dorsal  dusky,  a  distinct  black  spot 
between  fifth  and  sixth  spines;  soft  dorsal  with  3  rows  of  diffuse  spots; 
caudal  dusky  on  the  outer  f  and  base ;  pectorals  mostly  black,  with  faint 
pale  cloudings ;  ventrals  and  anal  pale ;  body  largely  red  in  life.  Related 
to  Prionotua  atephanophrya,  Lockington,  but  the  interorbital  area  concave; 
the  bones  of  head  much  striate  and  granulated,  and  the  caudal  differently 
colored.  It  also  bears  some  resemblance  to  the  Atlantic  species  Prionotua 
atearnai.  Pacific  Ocean,  the  types  taken  off  the  coast  of  Colombia ;  abundant 
in  various  places  in  7  to  60  fathoms;  also  found  at  Albatroaa  Station  3039, 
in  the  Gulf  of  California,     {quieacena,  resting  quietly.) 

Prionotua  quieteent,  Jordan  &  Bollman,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1889, 166,  off  Pacific  coast 
of  Colombia,  at  Albatross  Stations  3800, 38oi,a8oa,  and  3805.  (T3npe,  No.  41163,  IT.  S. 
Nat.Mu8.    Coll.  Albatroa$.) 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      2163 


edges 
;  tem- 


8401.  PRI0X0TU8  ALBIB08TRIH,  Jordan  &  liollnian. 

Head  3  in  leugth  (3f  with  caudal);  depth  4^  (5});  eye  rather  large,  4^ 
in  head.  D.  X-12;  A.  11;  pores  along  lateral  line  50  to  55.  Body  moder- 
ately elongate,  little  compreHRed,  narrowed  above,  the  width  of  the  nape 
lietwecn  the  occipital  apinoH  being  4^  in  head ;  bead  rather  short  and  high ; 
eyes  prominent,  the  anterior  profile  regularly  foncave,  the  ey<'8  and  fore- 
head less  prominent  than  in  1\  rubio.  Snout  broad,  its  breadth  at  angle 
of  month  almost  equal  to  its  length,  l!^  in  head,  its  anterior  margin  not 
produced,  but  slightly  emarginnte;  8erru>  short  and  even,  blnntish,  about 
20  well  developed ;  whole  edge  of  prcorbital  with  fine  serra'.  Anterior 
nostril  with  a  large  flap.  Surface  of  bones  of  head  with  strong  radiating 
striat,  those  in  front  of  eyes  most  broken  up  into  granulations.  Mouth 
moderate,  maxillary  2^  in  head,  not  reaching  front  of  eye;  bund  of  pala- 
tine teeth  rather  broad.  Interorbital  space  narrow,  deeply  concave, 
smoother  than  rest  of  head,  its  least  width  6^  in  head;  orbital  rim  ele- 
vated, with  coarse  spine-like  stria;  in  front,  inner  largest,  forming  the 
preocular  spine ;  upper  margin  with  moderate,  strong  scrra)  ending  behind 
in  a  large,  supraocular  spine;  no  groove  across  top  of  head  behind  orbital 
rim ;  occipital  ridges  strong,  the  inner  pair  with  a  few  asperities  at  base, 
ending  in  a  compressed  spine,  the  outer  with  stronger  serr.-e  at  base  and 
extending  to  opposite  first  dorsal  spine ;  temporal  ridge  slightly  crennlate, 
with  2  blunt  spines;  preopercnlar  spine  without  a  smaller  one  at  base,  but 
with  a  high  sharp  ridge  before  it,  serrulate  at  base,  this  ridge  not  ending 
in  a  distinct  spine;  edge  serrulate;  suborbital  stay  with  an  elevated  ser- 
rulate ridge,  but  no  spine;  opercular  spine  small  and  blunt,  smaller  than 
the  strong  humeral  spine ;  no  spines  on  suborbital  or  preorbital ;  membra- 
naceous flap  of  opercle  scaly.  Gill  rakers  rather  short,  longer  than  inter- 
spaces, the  longest  rather  less  than  ^  eye,  5  most  strongly  developed. 
Scales  small,  those  on  belly  smaller  than  those  on  breast,  not  extending 
before  a  line  drawn  between  base  of  pectorals  and  ventrals ;  abont  7  scales 
between  occiput  and  dorsal;  spinous  dorsal  moderately  high,  the  first 
spine  very  strongly  serrulate  in  front,  shorter  than  second,  which  is  i 
head ;  first  ray  of  second  dorsal  serrulate  at  base,  the  longest  ray  very 
slightly  longer  than  snout;  longest  anal  ray  3  in  heid;  oandal  subtrun- 
cate,  li^  in  head;  pectorals  long,  reaching  to  the  last  dorsal  ray  or  even 
farther  in  young  specimens,  lf',y  in  body ;  ventrals  reaching  third  anal  ray, 
li  in  head.  Coloration  in  spirits,  grayish,  unspotted,  darkest  above,  and 
with  darker  cross  shades;  snout  and  jaws  white;  the  tip  of  each  jaw,  a 
bar  across  each  jaw,  and  1  behind  angle  of  mouth,  black;  a  black  bar  on 
anterior  and  another  on  posterior  part  of  interorbital,  the  latter  extend- 
ing across  the  cheek;  first  dorsal  dusky,  vaguely  clouded  with  darker; 
second  irregularly  spotted,  its  posterior  half  dusky ;  caudal  broadly  black 
at  base  and  tip,  its  middle  part  yellowish ;  pectorals  dark,  with  a  slight 
violet  shade  and  traces  of  darker  mottlings;  middle  of  anal  dusky; 
ventrals  dusky  on  upper  surface.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America; 
taken  at  Albatross  Station  3014,  in  Gulf  of  California ;  also  known  from  sev- 
eral specimens,  the  largest  5^  inches  long,  dtedged  at  Albatrots  Station  2795, 
at  a  depth  of  33  f&thoms.    It  approaches  Prionotua  qu%esoen%  in  technical 


■  1 


;  'I 


2164         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 

oharacterH,  but  iu  very  (liferent  in  appearance;  oasily  (listingiiiBhed  hy 
tho  Ibrm,  armature,  and  cohtratiou  of  the  head,  (albua,  white;  routrum, 
snout. ) 

Prionotvs  albirostrii,  Jordan  &  Bollman,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mn«.  1889, 168,  Pacific  Ocean  off 
the  coast  of  Colombia,  at  Albatross  Station  3795,  7°  57'  N.,  78°  55'  W.  (Tyjte,  No. 
41162,  cr.S.Nat.Mus.) 

2402.  PRIONOTUS  BUBIO,  Jordan. 

(BCBIO  VOLADOR.) 

Head  3;  depth  Vy.  D.  X-11;  A.  10;  scales  about  57,  pores  52.  Body  not 
very  slender;  gill  rakers  very  short,  tubercle-like,  9  or  10  developed,  little 
if  any  longer  than  the  interspaces;  first  dorsal  spine  nearly  smooth; 
mouth  not  very  large,  the  maxillary  2^  to  2|  in  head;  interorbital  npace 
moderately  concave,  its  width  about  ^  length  of  eye ;  no  cirrus  above  the 
eye;  distance  from  supraocular  spine  to  nuchal  scales  about  equal  to  eye; 
supraocular  and  nuchal  spines  low;  occipital  spines  wanting;  temporal 
ridge  sharp,  ending  in  a  blunt  spine;  preorbital  projecting,  strongly  ser- 
rate; a  blunt  spine  on  each  side  of  snout,  behind  Berra3  of  preorbital;  a 
blunt  spine  behind  this  above  angle  of  mouth ;  no  spine  on  cheek  bone  in 
adult;  upper  opercular  spine  almost  obsolete;  bones  of  head  rather 
strongly  striate,  but  not  granulate ;  scales  rather  large,  about  52  pores ; 
first  dorsal  spine  not  much  shorter  than  second,  which  is  2\  in  head ; 
caudal  very  slightly  concave ;  pectorals  longer  than  in  any  other  species 
(except  alatus),  reaching  entirely  past  bases  of  dorsal  and  anal,  its  tip 
subtruncate,  the  longest  ray  about  the  ninth ;  ventrals  reaching  a  little 
past  vent.  Color  in  life,  dark  olive,  with  rivulations  of  light  green;  sides 
shaded  with  pale  salmon  color ;  edge  of  pectoral  light  blue,  ventrals  red- 
dish; upper  fins  marked  with  difi'erent  shades  of  brown.  From  related 
species,  P.  ruhio  is  well  distinguished  by  its  long  pectorals,  and  by  its 
very  short  gill  rakers,  mnch  shorter  than  in  any  other  species,  P.  ophryaa 
coming  nearest  it  in  this  respect.  West  Indies;  not  rare;  our  specimens 
from  Cuba  and  Jamaica,    (rubio,  robin,  the  Spanish  name.) 

Rubio  volador,  Pabra,  Desor.  Dif.  Fiezas  de  Hist.  Nat.,  1787,  lam.  38,  Havana. 

Prionotus  punctatus,PoEY,  Synopsis,  304,1868;  Poey,  Ennnmeratio,  41,  1875;  Jordan  & 

Gilbert,  Synopsis,  056;  not  Trigla  punctata  of  Bloch. 
Prionotut  rvI)io,  Jordan,  Proo.  TJ.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1886,  50,    Havana   (Coll.  Jordan); 

Jordan  &  Hitohes,  Proo.  IT.  S.  Nat  Mus.  1886,  334. 


2408.  PBIONOTUS  OPHBTAS,  Jordan  &  Swain. 

Head  3  in  length  (3^  with  caudal);  depth  4^  (5^);  eye  4i  in  head.  D. 
VIII-13;  A.  11;  scales  (transverse  series)  about  75;  pores  in  lateral  line 
about  50.  Body  rather  slender,  narrower  anteriorly  and  more  compressed 
above  than  in  other  species,  the  width  of  the  nape  between  the  outer  pair 
of  occipital  spines  being  not  quite  ^  the  length  of  the  head;  upper  profile 
of  head  peculiar,  being  nearly  straight  from  above  front  of  eye  backward, 
and  steep  and  strongly  concave  from  front  of  eye  to  tip  of  snout,  the 
snout,  therefore,  steeper,  more  depressed,  and  rather  shorter  than  ii..*Alated 
species,  its  length  being  2i  in  head;  snout  not  very  broad,  its  firont 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2105 


broadly  Tounded,  its  tip,  as  usual,  emur^inate,  its  edge  with  Hue  H«>rrt«4 
directed  backward,  but  no  Hpiuett;  surfacus  of  boueu  of  tbe  bead  covered 
witb  flue,  sbarply  deiiued  Htriiu,  but  witb  vt^'w  of  tbe  auiull  grunuliitioua 
wbicb  are  found  in  V.  Htrigatm  and  other  Hpecifs.  Mouth  rather  wide, 
tbe  imixillury  reaching  iu>arly  to  fronc  of  eye,  the  mandible  quite  to  front 
of  eye;  maxillary  2i  in  head;  band  of  palatine  ttieth  of  moderate  length, 
as  long  as  eye.  Eye  large,  phiced  high;  up])er  part  of  <<yo  with  a  ilcHby 
cirrus  rather  enlarged  toward  the  tip  and  fringed,  this  resembling  the 
cirri  in  Scorpwiia,  its  It-ngth  about  i  that  of  the  eye ;  interorbital  area 
very  narrow  and  very  deeply  concave,  its  least  width  little  more  than  i 
the  length  of  the  heail  and  not  ^  the  length  of  tbe  eye;  depth  of  inter- 
orbital area  nearly  i  1' jgth  of  eye;  bone  forming  anterior  portion  of 
orbital  rim  very  prominent,  forming  a  strongly  striated  crest,  each  of  the 
striie  ending  in  a  projecting  point  or  spinule;  upper  portion  of  orbital  rim 
prominent,  even,  ending  behind  the  eye  in  a  sharp  backward-directed 
spine,  behind  which  is  a  short  cross  groove,  which  does  not  extend  across 
tbe  top  of  the  head;  distance  from  the  base  of  this  spine  to  the  scales  on 
nape  very  short,  not  more  than  i  the  length  of  the  eye ;  both  pairs  of 
«)ccipital  spines  distinct,  the  outer  and  larger  ones  extending  to  opposite 
front  of  dorsal;  a  small  spine  on  temporal  region  in  front  of  outer  pair  of 
spines;  preopercle  with  a  single  moderate  spine  at  the  end  of  a  long  ridge; 
no  smaller  spine  at  its  base ;  operclc  strongly  striate,  with  2  strong  spines, 
of  which  the  upper  one  is  proporti<mately  larger  than  usual;  a  single, 
rather  strong  humeral  spine;  membranaceous  flap  of  opercle  scaly.  Gill 
rakers  very  short  and  thick,  about  9  developed,  these  not  i  longer  than 
the  interspaces,  and  not  i  length  of  eye;  they  are  about  i  as  broad  as 
high,  thus  having  a  form  very  dit!erent  from  that  seen  in  P.  evolava,  P. 
atrigatus,  P.  tribulus,  etc.  Scales  rather  large,  the  scales  on  the  back  little 
reduced  in  size,  about  10  between  occiput  and  dorsal  fin  (17  in  /'.  stri- 
gatu$).  Dorsal  spines  high  and  rather  slender,  the  iirst  rather  the  high- 
est, its  length  1^  in  head,  its  anterior  margin  not  granulated ;  soft  dorsal 
rather  high,  its  longest  ray  2  in  head ;  caudal  li  in  head ;  longest  anal  ray 
2I(  in  head;  pectorals  rather  long,  extending  nearly  to  last  rays  of  dorsal, 
their  length  almost  twice  head ;  detached  rays  moderate,  the  uppermost 
or  longest  1^  in  head ;  ventrals  1^  in  head.  Coloration  largely  faded  in 
the  typical  example;  deep  crimson  in  life;  pale  below;  caudal  with 2 dark 
cross  bands;  pectorals  dusky,  the  free  rays  with  dusky  spots;  ventrals 
pale,  with  some  dusky  bands ;  hfiad  nearly  plain,  the  cirri  dark.  A  sec- 
ond specimen,  in  very  bad  condilrion,  has  since  been  obtained  by  us  from 
the  same  source.  In  this  the  undigested  parts  of  the  head  and  body  are 
of  a  deep  crimson.  Probably  all  the  deep-water  species  of  this  genus  will 
be  found  to  be  red  in  life.  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  deep  water;  known  only 
from  the  Snapper  Banks,  near  Pensacola.  Described  from  the  original 
type,  7i  inches  long,  taken  from  the  stomach  of  a  Red  Sna])per  {Neomwnis 
aya),  from  the  Pensacola  Snapper  Banks,  by  Mr.  Silas  Stearns,  {oijffjvai, 
having  projecting  eyebrows.) 

Prionotus  ophryaa,  Jobdan  &  Swain,  Proc.  U.  S.  Kat.  Mus.  1884,  542,  Snapper  Banks  off 
Pensacola  (Type,  No.  H6944.  Coll.  Silas  Stearns) ;  Jordan,  Cat.  Fish.  N.  Am.,  115, 1885 ; 
Jobdan  &.  Hughes,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1886, 334. 


2166  Bulletin  ^j,  United  States  National  Museum. 


f\' 


2404.  PBIONOTUN  HTKAUNNI,  Jordan  A  Snain. 

Adult  exaiiiplo:  Head  2it  in  length  (3j^  with  onudal);  depth  4J|  (6\);  oye 
5i^  in  head.  D.  VIII  or  IX-12;  A.  12;  scales  iu  tranHverHO  series  about  50; 
poruH  in  lateral  lino  about  52;  length  of  specimen,  14^  inches.  Bodj'  ratht^r 
robuHt,  formed  much  an  in  I',  tribulua;  width  of  nupe  between  occipital 
spineH  not  quite  k  length  of  head;  head  very  large,  broad,  and  unusually 
smooth,  the  profile,  except  for  the  prominence  of  the  orbital  region,  form- 
ing a  very  gentle  and  somewhat  regular  arch ;  snout  very  broad,  truncate 
at  tip,  its  breadth  at  tip  3i^  in  head,  its  length  21i ;  edge  of  snout  granular, 
without  spines.  Surface  of  all  bones  of  head  very  finely,  evenly,  und 
regularly  striated,  the  striat  much  liner  than  in  P.  tribulua,  their  granula- 
tions all  minute.  Mouth  wide,  the  maxillary  reaching  front  of  eye,  its 
length  about  2^  in  head.  Band  of  palatine  teeth  well  developed.  Eye 
large,  ]daced  high;  no  cirri;  interorbital  space  about  as  in  P.  tribulus, 
rather  broad  and  moderately  concave,  wider  than  the  eye,  and  about  5  in 
head.  Bone  at  anterior  portion  of  orbital  rim  very  itrominent,  serrulate, 
its  principal  ridge  ending  in  a  stout,  blunt  spine;  supraorbital  rim  little 
prominent  and  without  spine;  no  cross  groove  on  top  of  head;  a  slight, 
bluntish  spine  behind  eye;  no  spines  on  temporal  ridge;  outer  pair  of 
occipital  spines  short,  strong,  compressed,  not  quite  reaching  front  of  dor- 
sal; inner  pair  and  their  ridges  obsolete;  opercular  and  preopercnlar 
spines  short,  the  latter  with  no  smaller  one  at  its  base;  upper  opercular 
spine  very  weak ;  humeral  spine  moderate;  membranaceous  flap  of  opercle 
with  about  5  rows  of  scales;  no  spine  on  cheek  bone.  Gill  rakers  short 
and  few,  little  longer  than  in  /'.  ophryaa,  the  longest  about  i  interorbital 
width,  about  i  longer  than  the  interspaces,  and  perhaps  5  times  as  high 
as  broad;  about  9  gill  rakers  developed.  Scales  comparatively  large, 
those  on  the  back  little  reduced  in  size,  about  10  before  dorsal  fin ;  7  scales 
in  a  vertical  row  from  first  ray  of  soft  dorsal  to  lateral  line.  Dorsal  fins 
rather  low  and  strong  (the  first  Injured),  with  its  anterior  margin  uo|, 
granulated;  the  third  2f  in  head;  soft  dorsal  moderate,  its  longest  ray  3^ 
in  head;  caudal  A'ery  slightly  concave,  its  longest  rays  lit  in  head.  Pec- 
toral fins  rather  short,  reaching  third  ray  of  anal,  2^  in  body,  their  length 
little  more  than  length  of  head ;  detached  rays  tapering,  a  little  more 
than  i  head;  ventrals  about  reaching  vent,  1^  in  head.  Color  in  alcohol, 
nearly  plain  brownish  olive,  with  dark  shades  at  the  bases  of  many  of 
the  scales,  giving  a  mottled  appearance;  head  everywhere  conspicuously 
reticulate  with  blackish,  in  fine  pattern ;  pectoral  tin  dusky,  with  a  net- 
work of  fine  black  cross  streaks;  dorsats  similarly  marked,  the  spinous 
dorsal  with  a  diffiise  black  blotch  between  the  fourth  and  sixth  spines; 
caudal  plain,  slightly  dusky ;  anal  and  ventrals  pale;  pectoral  filaments 
nearly  so.  In  the  young  the  body  is  more  slender,  the  snout  less 
broad,  with  a  slightly  emarginate  tip,  eye  larger,  4f  in  head ;  no  spine  or 
groove  behind  the  eye;  gill  rakers  more  slender,  about  13  in  number. 
Galf  of  Mexico ;  in  deep  water.  Known  from  2  specimens,  both  taken  on 
the  Snapper  Banks,  off  Pensacola,  by  Mr.  Silas  Stearns.  The  original 
type  is  a  small  specimen,  not  4  inches  long.  The  other  is  very  birge,  about 
13  inches  long,  larger  than  any  other  specimen  of  Prionotua  which  we  have 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2167 


uver  seen.  In  Hpite  of  th«  n^niarkiihlo  (litVen'ncoH  in  appearimro  of  tie 
two  spe<'iin«nH,  tbere  Ih  little  reiiHon  to  doubt  their  specillu  identity,  hh 
very  Hiniilur  diiferenres  diHtinKuiHli  the  young  and  old  of  P.  tribulii».  Ao- 
oording  to  Mr.  StouruH,  the  huge  apei'inicn  w»h  in  life  of  a  bright  rriniaou 
red.  Of  all  the  speviea  of  the  genus  tlw  ]iroHent  on«)  hiia  the  apineH  of  the 
head  least  developed,  its  upprr  surface  being  almost  smooth.  (Named  for 
the  late  Hilas  Stearns,  of  Ptmsacola,  long  a  voliintoer  assistant  to  the  V.  S. 
Fish  Commission,  and  a  most  intelligent  student  of  uconomic  questions  in 
marine  ichthyology.) 

I'rionoluB  tUamti,  Jokdan  &  SwAIN,  Froo.  TT.  R.  Kat.  Mun.  1884,  541,  Peniacola,  yoiintt 
(Type,  Xo.  :i6943.  Coll.  Silas  SteamH) ;  Jordan,  Cat.  Fish.  X.  Am.,  115,  ISH.') ;  Jokoan, 
Proo.  r. S.  Nat. Mils.  1880,  228,  adult;  Jordan  Sc  Uuuueh, Prov. U. U.  Nat. Mas.  1886, 
836)  OooDE  &  Bean.  Oceanic  Icbtbyology,  460, 1806. 


840ft.  PRIONOTUS  NTBIflATlIS  (Cnvier  &  Valoiiclcnnes). 
(Northern  Striped  Gurnard;  Krown. winged  Sea-Huiun.) 

Head  2};  depth  about  4.  D.  X-12;  A.  11;  scales  50  to  00  pores.  Body 
rather  robust;  head  moderately  large;  preopercular  spine  with  a  distinct 
smaller  one  at  the  base.  Caudal  fln  very  slightly  lunate;  pectoral  tin  sub- 
truncate.  Cheek  bone  without  distinct  spine  at  the  center  of  radiation; 
edge  of  preorbital  granular-serrate,  without «listin<;t  spine,  the  serrie  about 
12  in  number  on  each  side;  temporal  ridges  roughiMh,  but  without  spines; 
bones  of  the  head  with  the  striie  coarsely  granular;  mouth  moderate,  the 
maxillary  about  2^  in  head;  head  not  very  broad,  the  spines  on  its  upper 
surface,  except  the  nuchal  spine,  incouHpicuous.  Gill  rakers  longer  and 
slenderer  than  in  other  species,  15  to  20  developed.  Coloration  brownish ; 
side  with  a  very  distinct  dusky  bronze  band  below  the  lateral  line  and 
parallel  with  it,  this  becoming  broken  posteriorly  into  a  series  of  roundish 
dark  spots ;  some  dark  streaks  and  clouds  below  this  stripe ;  tins  with  dark 
clouds,  the  soft  dorsal  with  2  dark  blotches,  which  extend  as  bars  on  the 
back;  head  with  scattered  dark  spots;  dusky  area  below  eye;  pectoral 
with  its  rays  each  crossed  by  tine  black  bars,  these  especially  distinct 
toward  the  base  of  the  tin;  free  rays  spotted;  iuterorbital  area  broad  and 
iilmost  flat,  its  wi<lth  a  little  more  than  length  of  eye;  flrst  dorsal  spine 
granulated ;  second  spine  2^  in  head ;  pe<-toral8  about  i  the  length  of  the 
body.  Atlantic  coast  of  the  Northern  States,  Cape  Cod  to  Virginia;  very 
common  in  shallow  water.  The  specimens  here  described  from  Marthas 
Vineyard.  It  is  extremely  close  to  Prionotus  evolana,  of  which  it  may  be 
a  geographical  variety.  We  have,  however,  as  yet  seen  no  intermediate 
examples,  which  should  be  looked  for  off  the  coast  of  Virginia,  {atrigatua, 
striped.) 

Trigla  lineata,  Mitcbill,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil.  Soc.  New  Tork,  i,  1814,430,  pi.  4,  fig.  4;  not 

Trigla  lineata,  Bloch. 
Trigla  strigata,  CcviBR,  R^gne  Animal,  Ed.  n,  vol.  2, 161,  1829,  New  York ;  after  lineata, 

Mitchill. 
Prtonotua  lineatus,  De  Kat,  New  York  Fanna:  Fishes,  45,  pi.  4,  fig.  12, 1842;  Stoebr, 

Synopsis,  50, 1846;  OVnther,  Cat.,  Il,  102, 1860. 
Prionotut  evolans  vor.  lineatu»,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  736, 1883. 


21flS         Bulletin  ^7,  Uuifed  States  National  Museum, 


I'rionotui  itriftatim,  (.'uviKB  &  Vai.RN<  iKNNKn,  HUt.  N»t.  roiia,,  riO,  1020;  Storbh 
lt«|Mirt  KIhIi,  Mama.,  12,  1H30;  Avkkh,  IloHt.  Juuni.  Nat.  Hiitt.,  iv,  184L',  258;  Jor- 
dan &.<iii.i)KUT,  Syiio|mlH,  1(74,  I8X:|,  f|<>U<;  JUKDAN,  Cut.  Fisll.N.  Am..  MS,  IHM;  JOHOAN 
it.  IturiiiKH,  True.  ii.8.  Nut.  Miih.  1880.  Xtfi. 

/Vt»n»(i<«  <-r«(an«,  (tooOK  &.  ItK.v.x,  Dull.  Khhkx  Innt.,  xi,  12,  187D;  Hran,  I'roo.  V.  H.  Nat. 
Mum.  1H80,  84;  OooDK,  Nut.  llUt.  Aquatic  Auiuiula,  26r>,  pi.  71,  1884,  and  uf  writ«rH| 
not  Trit/la  evolanii,  LiatiMvn. 

•am.  I>KI<»UTI'N  KVOLA.\M  (LiniuDua). 


;,2^i 


(HoiniiRKN  SritiPKii  (ii'KN.vun.) 

Head  2)1;  depth  4}.  D.  X-12;  A.  11;  lateral  lino  with  53  poros;  soft 
dot'Hal  high,  loiigeat  ray  e<|iialiiig  longeHt  Hpiiiu,  2^  in  head;  caudal  ',\i  in 
length.  Hudy  and  head  Btout<M*  than  in  Vrionoius  airigaius ;  edgoofpre- 
orbital  grannlar-8<Trato,  without  diutinc^t  spine,  tliu  serrii*  ai)out  12  in 
uumlter  «»n  each  Hide;  mouth  moderate;  preupercular  apinu  with  a  smaller 
oDo  at  its  hnae;  acales  larger  than  in  I'rionolua  atriyatita,  8  +  1  +  21  in  a 
viTtical  line  from  last  doraal  apine  to  vent;  interorbital  Hpace  more  dm^ply 
concave,  its  width  in  adult  not  ({uito  length  of  eye;  first  doraal  apine 
nearly  smooth ;  aucond  spino  8  in  h*>ad ;  pectorals  a  little  more  than  i  of 
the  body.  Color  in  life,  olive  brown  uAiove,  lieeoming  light  olive  on 
sidea,  white  below;  back  with  3  brown  croas  bars,  the  firat  under  apinona 
doraal,  the  aecond  under  tirat  third  of  aecond  doraal,  the  thinl  under  its 
end,  all  of  theau  bara  extending  downward  and  forward  to  lateral  line, 
the  posterior  forming  a  brown  blotch  on  baHu  of  last  dorsal  raya ;  back 
and  aides  with  numerous  small  white  apota,  irregular  in  shape  and  si/e; 
these  often  wanting ;  a  lateral  lino  running  in  a  narrow  brown  streak; 
distinct  broad  reddish-brown  streak  from  humeral  spine  backward  to 
opposite  end  of  anal;  traces  of  a  narrow  streak  above  this;  branchioa- 
tegal  membrane  yellowish  above;  a  dork-brown  streak  from  angle  of 
month  to  base  of  preopercular  spine;  opentle  dusky  brown  without,  deep 
reddish  brown  within;  eaudal  with  a  light-brown  bar  at  base,  then  a 
broad  translucent  bar,  the  terminal  J  orange  yellow,  narrowly  margined 
behind  with  white;  spinous  dorsal  dusky,  with  a  ditt'uae  black  blotch 
between  fourth  and  sixth  raya  above;  soft  d<u'sal  translucent  brnwnisli, 
without  streaks  of  any  kind ;  anal  wine  color,  translucent  a'^  '*Jase  and 
tip;  ventrals  light  reddish ;  pectorals  glaucous  greeu  within,  the  lower  rays 
reddish,  the  upper  white;  the  outer  side  dark  greenish  brown,  unbarred, 
with  a  very  narrow  blue  niaigin  behind.  This  form  ia  in  aome  respecta 
intermediate  between  Prioiiotiia  atrigatua  and  P.  tribulua.  The  cidor  ia 
in  moat  particulara  like  that  of  P.  tribulua,  but  the  white  spots  on  back 
and  sides  are  much  leas  numerous,  or  wholly  wanting,  and  the  brown  bar 
backward  from  humeral  spine  ia  present,  as  in  P.  atrigatua,  and  the  dorsal 
fin  ia  not  barred ;  the  gill  rakers  are,  aa  in  P.  atngatua,  alender  and  fine,  18 
to  20  developed  on  lower  limb ;  the  spines  on  the  head  are  not  strong  as  in 
P.  tribulita,  that  above  orbit  behind  not  conspicuously  raised  above  aurface 
of  head.  In  2  specimens  from  Beaufort,  North  Carolina,  the  pectorals 
are  much  lengthened,  reaching  nearly  to  base  of  caudal,  but  this  seems 
to  be  here,  as  in  P.  tribulua,  a  very  variable  feature,  as  specimens  from 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     2100 


CharloHtou  huvo  tlie  puotorairt  but  \  len^tli  of  bu<ly.  The  doHcriptiou  ut' 
Triijla  ei'olan*  givou  by  Liniiii^H  itt  uf  vtM-y  littlo  vitliio,  but  tb«  ludeMcrip- 
tiuii  ul*  tbo  type  givni  by  Dr.  H«<iin  1«uv«>h  littlo  doubt  thut  it  1h  tbiH 
species.  In  tbia  Hpocioit  tlie  gill  rakoi-H  ure  btiiKrr  tbiiii  iii  any  otbor  oxcnpt 
itH  uiuiloKUu,  /'.  atriijalnt.  lUno  ileNcrilM'd  from  Hput-initMiH  from  Cbarloaton 
and  Ituaufort.  Snutb  Athuitiit  couHt  uf  (Jnitrd  StatoH;  known  only  from 
North  and  South  Carolina,  where  it  m  looully  abundant.  (vvolanB,  tlyiuK 
out.) 

Trigla  fvnlan*,  Linn^ith,  Syit  Nat.,  R<1.  xn,  4Bfl,  1700,  Carolina  ((.'oil.  Dr.  Alex,  (ianlen); 
Bkan,  I'ritc.  U.S.  Kat.  Mua.  1H85,204;  deHcrlptio.i  of  Liiiiiuan  l.\|m. 

Prioniilim  sarritur,  Juudan  J<.  (iii.iiBUT,  PrcN;.  I'.S.  N'at.  Mim.  18fl'J,  015,  Charleaton;  Beau- 
fort (Coll.  Jordan  &.  Gilbert);  Jokoan  &  QiUiiCUT,  Synupaiii,  974,  1883;  Johdan  Si 
Swain,  rroo.  U.  8.  Kut.  Mum.  1884, 541. 

Prionotui  eviilant,  Qua.,  Cut.  Fish.  Eant  Coaat  X.  Am., 21, 1S73;  .roRnAN  &  ( lu.nERT,  Proc. 
U.  H.  Nat.  Mua.  1878,  ;i74 ;  .loitnAN  (!t  Oujikut,  .Synoimin,  7:i5,  IHHU;  .Tohiian,  Cat.  Fiali. 
K.  Am.,  115, 1885;  Johdan,  Proo.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mua.  1884,  641;  Juuuam  St.  UuuuiM,  Proo. 
U.S.  Nat.  Mua.  1886,  :)30. 

3407.  PRIONOTUN  PUXCTATUH  (niooh). 

Head  2i^;  depth  2^;  ey«>  6  in  head.  D.  X-12;  A.  12;  about  50poro8  in 
lateral  lino.  Body  Htout;  head  large;  preopurcnlar  spine  with  a  Huuiller 
one  at  ita  bastt;  pectorals  reaching  past  middle  of  anal,  their  length  not 
quite  I  the  body;  gill  rakerH  rather  li)ng  and  slender,  about  10  devel- 
oped; maxillary  2^  in  head;  a  bluntinh  spint*  on  edge  of  snout  behind  the 
serrtn;  behind  this  1  or  2  smaller  ones,  at  least  in  the  young;  no  spine  on 
cheek  bone;  groove  behind  tho  eye  evident;  interorbital  area  rather  nar- 
row, concave;  ]>reocular,  supraocular,  occipital  and  nuchal  spines  rather 
prominent;  dorsal  spines  high,  the  third  2^  in  head;  flrKt.  spine  not  ser* 
rate;  mouth  large,  maxillary  2^  to  2^  in  head,  and  reaching  nearly  to  the 
eye;  a  small  spine  on  center  of  radiation  of  irheek  and  1  boiore  it.  Color 
nearly  plain ;  spinous  dorsal  with  dark  clouds  and  without  black  ocelli ; 
pectoral  dark,  with  some  round  brown  spots  above;  caudal  dark  barred; 
a  whitish  area  on  back  between  dorsals.  Our  description  is  taken  from  2 
small  specimens  collected  (probably  at  Tnxpan)  on  the  east  coast  nf  Mex- 
ico, by  Mr.  T.  Salt ;  from  the  specimens  in  the  museum  at  Paris,  the  types 
of  Cnviei  "nd  Valenciennes,  and  Arom  a  specimen  taken  by  the  Albatross 
at  Bahia.  This  species  is  certainly  the  Prionotus  jyunotatus  of  Cuvier  and 
Valenciennes,  but  it  may  not  be  the  species  figured  by  Plumier,  to  which 
Bloch  has  given  the  name  of  Trigla  punctata.  The  figure  of  Plumier 
shows  a  bright-red  body,  with  many  small  spots  of  a  darker  red,  while 
red  spots  are  scattered  over  all  of  the  flns,  except  the  spinous  dorsal  and 
the  ventrals.  In  g«.  ^ral  form  and  in  the  armature  of  the  head,  so  far  as 
this  is  shown  in  the  plate,  Plumier's  figure  most  resembles  the  present 
species,  but  the  red  color  suggests  a  possibility  that  some  of  the  deep- 
water  species  may  have  been  intended.  The  present  species  corresponds 
better  to  the  figure  than  any  other  yet  known.  Bloch's  figure  of  Trigla 
Carolina,  which  has  been  identified  with  P.  punctatut,  is  almost  certainly 
P.  tribuluB.  West  Indies  and  coast  of  South  America;  not  known  from 
the  coasts  of  the  United  States,  {punotatua,  spotted.) 
3030 59 


2170  DHlktin  ^7,  Unikd  Slahs  National  Afuseum, 


Tritila  punelata,  IIixmii.  lohtliyol..  pl>  ^KI,  17l>a,  Martinique;  uii  n  ilniwIUK  by  I'i.umikR; 
(JrviHH,  iM,{iie  Aiitiiiiil,  Kil.-.>,  vol.11,  Ifll,  IHl'U. 

t'rioniitif  iiunrtiitui,(:vvtKn  \.  V'ai.knciknnkfi,  Illit.  Nat.  I'oUh.,  '  iv.KI,  tN'JO;  OOnthkr, 
Cut.,  II,  10.1,  IHtM)  (ill  pint)  i  .loiiDAN  .V  Hi-dilKH,  i>ror.  V.  H.  Nal.  Mun.  IMM,  33'.';  .Iuhdan, 
I'ruc.  U.  M.  Nut.  Mua.  1800, 6U  i  JouuAM,  Truo,  U.  M.  Nat.  Mua.  18U0, 328. 

a4l>H.  PRIOMOTirN  BKA\II,  Oi.odo. 

Head  3;  depth  nnarly  4;  t^reuteat  width  i ;  t-yo  nearly  t  in  head  or  2  In 
Hnuiit.  I>.X-I2;  A.I,  10;  I'.  i:)-f:<;  V.I, 5;  Hiioiit  2  in  licad,  rqiiul  to 
mandible.  Leant  hriKht  uf  tail  nearly  Jl  leiiifth  of  liuad,  and  e(|iial  to  Hhort 
diani«>tur  of  nye;  width  of  intororbital  apaco  on  tliM  bono  ultont  ^  tengtii 
of  Riiont;  a  furrow  behind  nyea  whith  Ih  intornipted  on  nape;  snout  pro- 
duced into  2  Nliort,  obtiiHo,  at-natod  jiointH,  liankctl  Itohind  on  each  aid*;  by 
a  Hhort  but  Htoiit  coniproHHud  apine;  bnhiiid  tiiin  on  anont  another  abort 
Hpiiio;  a  aliort  apiiio  on  «-heek  bono;  anterior  noatiil  iu  a  tube  which  ia 
produced  posteriorly  into  a  tlap;  poati'rior  noatril  in  a  Inr^o,  Hiiorter  tubr; 
proopui'cular  Hpine,  ulao,  witli  a  short  apiuc  at  ita  baHc;  picociilar  uud 
supraotuilar  apinoa  preaent;  a  pair  of  poHto<-ular  apint-H  on  each  Hide,  one 
ill  front  of  tlie  other;  n  pair  of  blunt  Hpinea  on  occiput  and  another  on 
uap«>;  length  of  opercular  Hpine,  luoaaiired  back  to  the  edge  of  prcoporclu, 
eiiiial  to  length  of  poHtorbital  partof  head;  humeral  npine  well  developed, 
itH  length  nearly  equal  to  that  of  preocular;  maxillary  not  reaching  front 
of  eye,  ItH  length  equal  to  poatorbital  part  of  head;  mandible  reaching 
about  to  vertical  ft-ont  of  eye,  itn  length  nearly  |  length  of  hdi.d.  Teeth 
in  narrow,  villiform  bunds  in  Jawa  and  on  vomer  and  palate;  8  developed 
gill  rakerH  on  the  anterior  arch,  the  longest  about  i  an  long  aa  eye;  5  rudi- 
ments below  and  2  above  the  developed  rakers  of  the  anterior  arch,  these 
mere  tubercles  Hcarcoly  raised  above  the  general  Hurface.  Distance  of 
dorsal  from  tip  of  snout  a  little  greater  than  length  of  head;  length  of 
base  of  apinoiiH  dorsal  nearly  3  time<«  length  of  eye;  first  spine  serrate  on 
its  anterior  margin  for  the  greater  portion  of  its  height,  nearly  us  long  as 
the  second,  its  length  i  length  of  head;  third  spine  longeHt,  its  length  i 
length  of  head;  lust  2  spines  very  small;  third  spino  also  serrated  along 
its  anterior  margin  for  the  greater  portion  of  its  height;  a  very  slight 
interspace  between  the  2  dorsals ;  length  of  first  ray  of  soft  dorsal  eiiual 
to  that  of  second  spine  of  dorsal ;  length  of  last  ray  e(iual  to  i  length  of 
spinous  dorsal  base ;  length  of  middle  caudal  rays  3  times  htngth  of  eye ; 
caiidal  slightly  enmrginate;  origin  of  anal  immediately  under  origin  of 
soft  dorsal;  length  of  anal  base  i  distance  from  unul  io  tip  of  snout,  the 
spine  only  about  f  us  long  as  first  ray,  its  length  |  length  of  maxilla; 
length  of  longest  anal  ray  ^  length  of  spinous  dorsal  base;  ventral  extend- 
ing to  origin  of  anal,  its  length  equal  to  anal  base;  ])ectoral  when 
extended  reaching  to  the  line  connecting  the  fifth  ray  of  dorsal  with  sixth 
ray  of  anal,  this  fin  emarginate  behind,  its  longest  ray  slightly  longer  than 


*  The  types  of  Cuvier  &  Yalenoiennes  in  Paris  aeera  to  be  tlie  Bperies  usually  called 
Prionotua  jmnetattu.  There  is  also  a  apeciiiien  in  the  niuseiim,  la'jeled,  appareutly  in 
the  hand  writing  of  Valenciennes:  "  TrigUt  pvnetata  nobis,  Bl..  253.  Tr.  earolina,  Bl.,  252. 
I'rinnotut  evolans,  Lacttp.  Itubio  volador,  Parra,  tab.  38,  du  Bn'-sil.  Qnoy  et  Gaimard,  exp'n 
Freyciuet."  Tliis  specimen,  0.25  ni.  long,  in  good  condition,  is  of  the  same  S])ecie8  as  the 
one  described  above.    Longest  dorsal  ttpiue  2^  iu  head.    Fores  iu  lateral  line  85  to  00. 


Jordan  and  F.vcrmann.—  hlshcs  of  S\nth  Atiwrica,     2171 


IivimI  iiikI  iiioru  tliiiii  twiro  litii^tli  of  loii^rHt  dorHiil  npiiio,  7  rowH  of  Hi-uloit 
l)ctw««Mi  liitenil  lino  iiml  origin  of  h«u!«mi<I  tlormil,  l!>  rowH  bot\v«>»n  liitural 
Iin«t  unil  origin  of  iinni,.'tO  porttii  In  liitt'i'iil  lint',  »ihI  iiltoiit  \y,\  ubll<|iu<  rowa 
of  HculoH  fuii  \w  couiitoil;  H«'iil(>H  on  InuuHt  foiiHptciioiiNly  Hniiillt-r  thiiii  tbo 
leHt.  Color  ill  til<-uhol,.liglit  luowniHh  ,\«>llo\v  ultov<<,  liKlit(tr  liflow;  npin- 
oiiR  (lorHiil  witii  a  lilaric  blotch  liutwcon  tbo  fourth  iiul  liftli  epinua,  ltd 
it^Dgtb  uluMit  ii  that  of  u,v««;  thu  iiuMubraiio  connecting  tbuHpint'H  of  doiHal 
with  faint  «liiM|<y  hIukIch  in  Huvcral  plaren;  niuiiibranu  v-oiinucting  tbo  laH'u 
\\  or  t  rayH  of  h<'cuu«1  dorH.il  sliglitly  tliinky;  itoctoi-ul  >vitb  2  broad  dark 
ai'oaH,  Hoparatod  and  Hiirroiiiidcd  by  lighter,  tbo  dark  laarkinKM  on  tbo 
purtoralH  not  takinj^  tbo  form  of  ban<lN,  but  having  tlicir  groatoHt  length 
nearly  parallel  with  tbo  axici  of  tbo  llHh.  Loiigtb  i.(  iuuhoH.  Trluidud. 
(Uoodo  A  llonn.)     (Nanifd  for  Dr.  Tarb'ton  11.  Iteaii.) 

J'riimoluii  beattii,  UuoOK,  in  (ioodk  it,   Kkan,  Oroiinic  IcklhyoloKy,  4*W,  |il.  uxii,  tig.  3H3, 
181H),  off  Trinidad,  in  73  fathoma      ('I'ype,  No.  :m:nH.    Coll.  Albatrotii.) 

>.M»».  ntlO>OTI  N  TKIBVIilK  (Cuvier). 


(ltl(lllKAI>ei)  (iUUNAKU.) 

Head  2A ;  d«ptb  r.  (M  to  I  in  young).  1).  IX  or  X-lL'or  13;  A.  U;  P.  13+3; 
Hcalea  4*J  (tubes).  Itody  robiiHt;  In^ad  Hhorler  and  broader,  Huoiit  Hhorter, 
and  boucH  more  Htrongly  Htriate  than  in  /'.  crolanii:  "nterorbital  space 
dcttply  eoucavo ;  ot-cipital  and  supraorbital  spiueH  very  strong  and  much 
compressed;  baud  of  palatine  teeth  as  long  as  eye;  gill  rakers  shortish, 9 
below  angle;  membrauttcoous  edge  of  operele  scaly;  ])reoperonlar  spine 
with  a  smaller  one  at  its  base,  which  is  high  and  sharp ;  cheek  bono  with  a 
spine  (small  in  the  adult,  larger  iu  the  young)  at  the  center  of  radiutiou; 
temporal  ridge  with  2  blnntish  spines;  bones  of  the  head  very  sharply 
striate;  young  with  4  sharp,  knife-like  spines  on  side  of  cheek  and 
snout,  in  a  line  beforo  the  preocular  spine,  these  nearly  disappearing  with 
age;  maxillary  about  2^  in  h«>ttd;  sides  without  dark  longitudinal  stripe. 
Gill  rakers  slender  in  the  young,  becoming  shorter  and  thicker  with  age, 
about  10  dt^veloped  on  lower  part  of  arch ;  head  broad,  the  spines  on  its 
upper  surface  very  prominent,  all  of  them  more  or  less  compressed  and 
knife-like,  especially  iu  the  young.  Second  dorsal  spine  2.<  in  head;  pec- 
torals moderate,  2  in  body  in  the  adult,  2^  in  the  yoang.  Coloration  in 
life,  light  olive  green,  the  head  and  body  everywhert^  reticulated  with 
dark  olive  green,  in  deflnite  patterns,  the  dark  lines  on  the  head  conspic- 
nous,  arranged  in  a  scru's  of  curves  and  concentric  circles;  the  dark 
streaks  on  the  body  mostly  undulating  and  ascending  backward;  a  dif- 
fuse band  along  side  of  bright  orange;  belly  white;  2  faint  diffuse  dark 
bands  downward  and  forward  i'rom  soft  dorsal,  the  hindmost  ascend- 
ing on  the  fin;  a  fainter  baud  on  spinous  dorsal;  spinous  dorsal  reddish, 
<-londed  with  darker;  a  large  dark  blotch,  not  ocellated,  between  fifth  and 
sixth  spines;  second  dorsal  translu(;cnt  reddish,  with  darker  spots;  anal 
similar,  paler,  the  spots  almost  obsolete;  caudal  reddish,  with  3  darker 
bands;  ventrals  plain  light  reddish;  pectorals  light,  clear  green  on  the 
front  side,  grayish  behind;  with  about  5  somewhat  irregular  dark  cross 


!■' 


2172         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


baiulH,  the  3  niudiuu  broadest  and  forked  or  Y-sbaped  above;  upper  edge 
of  pectoral  pab^;  pectoral  appeiidagt'B  reddish,  barred  with  darker. 
Young  with  soft  dorsal,  caudal,  anal  and  ventral  fins  plain;  spines  pro- 
portionally  longer  and  fins  shorter.  South  Atlantic  coast,  from  Long 
Island  to  Ilraz«)8  Santiiigo;  very  comuion  southward,  our  description 
chiefly  from  Galveston  specimens,  verified  on  others  from  Pcnsacola, 
Cedar  Keys,  Charleston,  and  Ueanfort.  A  very  abundant  species,  well  dis- 
tinguiHhcd  from  the  others  of  the  Atlanti<;  by  the  greater  development  of 
the  spiiH^s  of  the  head.  The  young  have  these  spines  much  larger  and 
more  comprt'ssed  than  the  adult,  and  in  the  very  young  3  or  4  strong 
knife-like  spines  are  d«)vcloped  on  each  side  of  the  snout,  as  in  F.  horrenii. 
In  very  young  examples  the  spine  at  the  base  of  the  preopercular  spine  is 
much  larger  than  the  latter,     {tribulm,  scraping,  from  the  thorny  head.) 

Trigla  Carolina,  Blocu,  Ichtliyologia,  352, 1793,  Carolina;  not  of  Linn^US. 

Triffla  tiibubti),  CuviER,  R^gne  Animal,  £d.  2,  vol.  2, 161, 1829,  America. 

Prionotug  tribulvs,  Ccvieb  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poisa.,  iv,  98,  pi.  74,  1829,  New 

York;  Carolina;  De  Kay, New  York  Fauna:  Fisliea,  48,  1842;  GVnthek,  Cat.,  u,  195. 

1860;  JOBDAN  &  GiLBEBT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu8. 1878,  373  and  374;  Goodb,  Proo.U.S. 

Nat.  Mu8. 1879,  111;  Goode  &  Bean,  Proc.  U. S. Nat. Mus.  1879,  128;  Jokdan  &  Gii- 

BBBT,  Proo.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882,  288 ;  Jobdan  &  Gh^bebt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882, 

61S;  JoBDAN  &   GiLBEBT,  Synopsis,  73r>,  1883;  Bean,  Cat.  Fishes,  London  Intern. 

Exhibit.,  49,  1883;  JoBDAN  cfe  SWATV,  PitKJ.  U.  3.  Nat.  Mns.  1884,  233;  JoEDAN,  Cat. 

Pish.  N.  A.,  115, 1885;  Jobdan  8,  Hughes,  Proo.  XJ.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1886, 366. 


8500.  PBI0N0TU8  HOIi!tE?fS.  Kicbardsou. 

Head2if;  depth  4^;  eye  51  in  head.  D.  X-12;  A.  10;  scales  about  100; 
giU  rakers  rather  long,  about  5  developed.  Body  rather  stout ;  head  large ; 
interorbital  area  concave,  li^  times  diameter  of  the  eye ;  bones  of  the  head 
with  strong,  radiating  striie;  a  preocular  and  2  postocular  spines;  occipi- 
tal and  temporal  ridges  not  very  prominent,  each  ending  in  a  spine; 
opercular  and  humeral  spines  simple;  preopercular  spine  with  a  smaller 
one  at  its  base;  nuchal  spine  present;  snout  emarginate,  its  lobes  den- 
tate, its  length  2^  in  head;  cheek  with  spine  at  point  of  radiation  of 
striic;  a  similar  spine  about  i  distance  to  tip  of  snout;  first  dorsal  spine 
nearly'  as  long  as  second,  its  edge  nearly  smooth ;  the  second  the  longest, 
its  length  2  in  head;  edge  of  first  dorsal  ray  smooth;  longest  dorsal  ray 
2i  in  head;  longest  anal  ray  3^  in  head ;  caudal  fin  emarginate.  If  in  head; 
X>ectorals  rather  short,  their  tips  reaching  about  third  anal  ray,  3  in  length 
of  the  body ;  ventrals  not  reaching  anal  by  a  distance  equal  to  the  diam- 
eter of  the  eye,  3|  in  length  of  body.  Color,  uniform  brownish  above, 
lighter  below ;  spinous  dorsal  dusky;  no  distinct  black  blotch ;  soft  dorsal 
and  caudal  fins  irregularly  barred;  ventrals  aud  anal  white;  pectoral 
dusky  on  basal  third,  the  rest  of  the  fin  lighter,  with  an  interrupted  broad 
black  transverse  band  across  middle,  a  narrower  one  across  the  tip. 
Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America;  not  rare  in  shallow  water;  ii.nown  from 
Mazdtlan  to  the  Galapagos.  The  specimens  here  described  from  Mazatlan 
and  Alhatroaa  Station  3041,  off  Lower  California.  Young  examples  in  the 
British  Museum  rre  almost  exactly  like  the  young  of  P.  iribulua,  difter- 
ing  chiefly  in  the  still  larger  proportionate  size  of  the  knife-like  spines 
on  the  head. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2173 


The  following  notes  on  the  typos  of  Prionoiua  horrent  wore  taken  by  ns 
in  London:  Three  yonn;;;  specimen,  allied  to  P.  trihulua,  but  the  Hpincs 
still  larger  and  more  knife-liko ;  first  spine  on  edge  of  snout  broad  and 
serrate,  3  behind  this  progressively  lurgor,  then  2  largo  spines  on  preo- 
pevcle,  the  posterior  one  the  largest;  2  smaller  ones  on  opercle,  and  1 
very  larg<^  on  the  scapula;  2  sharp  ones  over  each  eve;  1  behind  the  eye; 
2  on  top  of  head  and  2  on  orciput.  Mouth  large,  maxillary  reaching  front 
of  eye,  2^  in  head;  gill  rakers  long  and  slender,  5;  scales  small;  pec- 
torals short,  3  in  body,  reaching  somewhat  past  second  dorsal  front; 
pectorals  and  tip  of  caudal  dusky;  no  groove  behind  the  eye;  belt  of 
palatine  teeth  narrow.  (Jiorrcna,  bristling  (creating  horror),  from  the 
large  head  spines.) 

I'rionotus  horrent,  Richardson,  Voy.  Sulph.,  Icbth.,  79,  pi.  42,  flgH.  1-3, 1843,  Gulf  of  Fon- 
Bcca;  GOntueb,  Cat.,  n,  195, 1860. 


II! 


793.  BELLATOR,  .Tordan  &  Evermann. 

Bellatnr,  Jordan  &  Evebhann,  Check- List  Fishes,  488, 1896  (militarit). 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  PrionoMs,  differing  chiefly  in  the  great 
development  of  the  first  iind  second  dorsal  spines,  wbicli  are  about  as  long 
as  body.  Scales  large  and  very  rough.  Snout  short,  abruptly  descending. 
West  Indies,    (bellator,  warrior.) 

a.  Body  robnst;  scales  If.rge,  40  tubes;  snout  fvith  serrated  process.      militaris,  2501. 
aa.  Body  slender-,  scales  moderate,  60  tubes;  snout  without  processes,   eqretta,  2502. 

2601.  BELLATOB  MILITARIS  (Goode  &  Bean). 

HefldS;  depth  3]^;  eye  10|,  =  intercrbital  width;  snout  2-^.  D.X-11; 
A.  I,  9;  P.  12  +3;  V.  1, 5.  Body  short,  stout,  its  greatest  width  at  base  of 
pectorals  nearly  i  of  length.  Head  short,  snout  abruptly  descending  and 
with  2  rather  long  diverging  spinous  processes  at  its  tip.  Orbits  much 
elevated,  spines  large,  and  jaws  small ;  distance  measured  obliquely  from 
tip  of  rostral  spine  to  edge  of  opercular  flap  2i  in  length;  nearly  all  of  the 
spines  of  head  and  exposed  edges  of  preorbital,  mandible,  and  opercles 
minutely  serrate;  the  diverging  spines  upon  snout  themselves  armed  along 
margin  by  numerous  spicules;  a  strong  spine  on  preopercle,  with  a  sec- 
ondary spine  at  its  base;  the  spine  on  preopercle  as  long  as  snout;  a  stout 
spine  on  opiTnulum,  another  in  humeral  region,  another  on  nape  extending 
backward  to  base  of  fourth  dorsal  spine.  Teeth  in  jaws,  and  on  vomer 
and  palate,  very  small,  in  villiform  bands.  Length  of  maxillary  a  little 
greater  than  that  of  eye;  length  of  mandible  a  little  less  than  that  of 
snout,  reaching  about  to  the  vertical  from  front  of  eye;  a  furrow  across 
nape  immediately  behind  eyes;  9  developed  gill  rakers  on  the  anterior 
arch,  besides  several  rudiments ;  all  of  the  gill  rakers  very  short.  Pseudo- 
branchiae  present.  Branchiostegals  7.  Distance  of  dorsal  from  tip  of  snout 
2^  in  body ;  first  2  dorsal  spines  much  produced ;  length  of  first  almost 
equal  to  standard  length ;  length  of  second  slightly  greater  than  that  of 
first ;  the  short  spine  about  twice  as  long  as  mandible ;   when  the  dorsal 


2174  Bulletin  ^7,  U?iited  States  National  Museum. 


spines  are  fully  extended  they  reach  nearly  to  tip  of  caudal;  anterior 
margins  of  first  3  spines  minutely  serrated,  the  serrations  being  in  several 
rows;  longest  ray  of  so.'f;  dorsal  abont  J  as  long  as  head;  length  of  middle 
caudal  rays  ociual  to  length  of  anal  bane ;  caudal  slightly  eniarginate ;  length 
of  pectoral  a  littl««  less  than  2  in  body;  longcHt  Hcparate  ray  of  pectoral 
about  1^  tinioH  as  long  as  shortest,  its  length  equal  to  that  of  middle 
caudal  rays;  length  of  ventral  spine  ^  of  length  of  longest  ventral  ray; 
ventral  when  extended  reaching  to  third  ray  of  anal;  longest  anal  ray 
about  i  as  long  as  head ;  scales  very  rough,  in  about  7  rows  between 
origin  of  second  dorsal  and  lateral  line,  and  id  lows  below  lateral  line; 
lateral  lino  with  about  40  tubes,  the  number  of  rows  of  scales  counted 
obliquely  about  55.  Color  iu  life,  rosy ;  head  and  pectoral  speckled  with 
dark  brown ;  6  or  7  small  dark  blotches  on  upper  edge  of  pectoral.  Some 
specimens  have  the  inner  surface  of  pectoral  do,rk  on  its  lower  half.  In 
1  speciraan  the  dark  blotches  on  pectoral  <ire  grouped  into  4  half  bands, 
of  which  the  middle  2  are  very  small.  Off  Cape  Catoche,  Yucatan,  Gulf  of 
Mexico.    (Goode  &.  Bean.)    {militaria,  like  a  soldier,  from  the  high  spines.) 

Piionotus  militariH,  Goode  &  Bean,  Oceanic  Ichthyology,  464,  pi.  cxi,  flg.  '.80,  nn<l  pi. 
cxii,  fig.  384, 1896,  off  Cape  Catoche,  Yucatan,  in  as  fathoms.    (Coll.  Albatroti.) 


2502.  BELLATOR  EQBKTTA  (Goode  &.  Bean). 

Head2f;  depth  4^;  eye  3^  in  head;  snout  2^;  interorbital  width  2  iu 
eye.  D.XT-11;  A.  1, 10;  P.  12+3;  V.I,  5;  gill  rakers  ar+9;  maxillary 
nearly  3 ;  mandible  2^^ ;  scales  9-100-32, 60  tubes.  Body  rather  slender, 
tapering  rapidly  posteriorly;  head  moderiitely  long;  snout  not  descend- 
ing so  abruptly  as  in  P.  militaris,  without  projections  in  front.  Spines 
of  head  moderately  strong,  without  subsidiary  basal  spines;  opercular 
and  preopercular  spines  about  equal  in  length,  2  in  snout ;  exposed  edges 
of  bones  of  head  minutely  serrated,  teeth  at  end  of  snout  slightly 
enlarged ;  humeral  spine  small ;  nuchal  spines  not  well  developed ;  1  or  2 
spines  at  front  of  supraorbital,  and  2  or  3  at  its  posterior  portion.  Teetli 
in  villiform  bauds  on  jaws,  and  on  vomer  and  palatines,  the  vomerine 
baud  very  narrow.  A  slight  groove  across  the  nape  immediately  behind 
eyes,  continued  downw.ard  by  an  interspace  between  the  preopercle  and 
opercle.  Distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  origin  of  dorsal  equal  to  length  of 
head;  base  of  spinous  dorsal  equal  to  length  of  head  withont  snout;  first 
dorsal  spine  coarsely  serrated  for  first  sixth  of  its  length,  produced  into  a 
filament  extending  b(*yond  end  of  caudal,  the  spine  thus  exceeding  length 
of  fish ;  second  spine  nearly  as  long  as  base  of  fin,  the  last  3  small;  several 
succeeding  spines  also  weakly  serrated  on  their  anterior  margins ;  first  ray 
of  second  dorsal  serrated  ou  anterior  margin,  the  rays  increasing  in  size 
to  the  ninth  which  i'j  nearly  i  length  of  head ;  caudal  somewhat  emargi- 
nate,  length  of  middle  rays  a  trifle  longer  than  base  of  spinous  dorsal; 
origin  of  anal  almost  directly  opposite  that  of  second  dorsal;  length  of 
anal  spine  about  f  that  of  first  ray,  the  rays  increasing  in  length  posteri- 
orly, the  ninth  being  2  in  base  of  second  dorsal ;  longest  separate  pectoral 
ray  as  long  as  base  of  second  dorsal,  the  shortest  2  in  head ;  ventrals 
reaching  origin  of  anal.    Color  light  brownish  yellow  ou  back,  paler 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2175 

beneath;  fins,  except  pectoral  and  ventral,  pale;  pectoral  with  5  dark 
bandp.  the  third  oxten«liiig  entirely  across  the  fin.  Known  only  from  the 
type  taken  off  Barbados  between  100  and  200  fathoms,  (cgrctia,  an  ej^ret, 
in  allusion  to  the  elongate  dorsal  ray,  resembling  the  plume  of  an  egret.) 

rrionotua  egretta,  Goode  &  Ukan,  Oceanic,  Ichth.,  465,  fig.  381, 1896,  off  Barbados,  at  Blake 
Station  64.    (Type  iii  Mtis.  Comp.  Zool.) 

794.  CHELIDONICHTHYS,  Kaup. 
(Small-scaled  Gurnakds.) 

Chelidoniehfhyg,  Kaitp,  Archiv  f.  Naturfjpschichto  187:{,  87  (hinindo). 

This  genus  differs  from  Prionotus  cliiefly  in  the  absence  of  palatine  teeth. 
The  scales  are  macb  smaller,  and  the  pectoral  lins  less  developed;  a  series 
of  bony,  spinous  plates  extends  along  the  base  of  the  dorsal  fin,  a  pair  of 
them  to  each  ray,  the  fin  thus  running  in  a  shallow  groove;  there  are  no 
plat(f8  along  the  lateral  line;  caudal  fin  usually  emargiuate.  Lateral  line 
usually  forking  at  base  of  caudal,  the  branches  running  to  tip  of  fin. 
The  numerous  species  abound  on  the  coasts  of  Europe,  Africa,  and  India; 
ranging  north  to  Japan.     (x^XiSajy,  swallow;  ix'^vi,  fish.) 


2508.  CIIELIDOXICHTHTS  PICTIPINNIS  (Kaup). 

The  following  description*  is  taken  from  Dr.  Kaup's  original  type, 
kindly  sent  us  from  the  museum  in  Hamburg  by  Dr.  Georg  Pfister, 
Curator: 

Head  3^  (to  tip  of  rostral  lobe);  depth  5j^.  D.  IX-16;  A.  15;  pec- 
toral 10 H- 3  detached  rays;  scales  about  68.  Width  of  head  If  in  its 
length;  width  of  nape  between  occipital  spines  3^  in  length  of  head; 
npper  profile  of  snout  straight.  Snout  long,  a  little  more  than  twice  in 
head ;  emarginate  at  tip,  the  preorbitals  extending  beyond  it  on  either 
side;  each  preorbital  with  about  5  blunt  spines.  Mouth  very  wide,  its 
greatest  width  (measured  inside)  2\  in  head;  maxillary  reaching  front  of 
orbit,  2;^  in  head.  Vomerine  teeth  present  in  a  small  crescent-shaped 
patch,  villiform ;  no  teeth  on  palatines ;  a  wide  band  of  well-developed 
villiform  teeth  present  on  each  jaw.  Eye  large,  4f  in  head.  Interorbital 
space  deeply  concave,  1|  in  eye.  Depth  of  caudal  peduncle  1^  in  eye. 
Gill  rakers  9,  about  2^  in  eye.  Bones  of  \,he  head  covered  with  radiating 
8tri«5  which  are  comparatively  fine,  smooth  and  regular ;  i>reopercle  with 
2  spines  at  the  angle,  the  upper  much  the  larger;  opercle  ending  in 
2  spines;  humeral  spine  long  and  strong;  supraorbital  rim  anteriorly 
with  2  spines;  a  bony  groove  extending  the  entire  length  of  the  dor- 
sals, formed  by  24  plates,  each  of  which  ends  on  the  side  in  a  spine ;  a 
short,  somewhat  obscure  transverse  groove  behind  each  eye,  the  two  not 
continued  across  the  occiput.      Scales  small,  cycloid,  present  on  back, 

*  Dr.  Pflster  sends  the  followine  note  under  date  of  January  2,  1896: 
"  Das  Eaup'sche  Oricinal-Stiick  von  Trigla  piclipinnig  war  in  unseren  Eatalogen  nicht 
entbalten;  erst  dnrrh  lUnKflre  Studien  im  Archiv  ergab  Rich,  dans  das  Stiick,  welches  ich 
Ihnen  nunmeiir  iibersaiidt  habe,  thatBtichlich  das  Orifrinal-Stiick  von  Kaup  ist ;  es  stand 
im  Museum  als  Trigla  hirundo,  Barbados,  Ug.  Ehrhardt." 


2176         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Bides,  and  belly;  none  on  fins  excepting  on  caudal,  on  which  they  extend 
nearly  to  tip;  those  in  latt^ral  line  elongate,  enlarged.  Pelvic  bone  dia- 
mond-shaped, not  scaled.  If  in  head,  its  width  twice  in  its  length; 
region  of  axil  of  ventrals  and  pectorals  naked.  Base  of  spinous  dorsal  1^ 
in  head,  third  Hpine  If  in  hr^ad,  all  the  spines  smooth ;  base  of  soft  dor- 
sal 1^  time;  as  long  as  head,  longest  soft  ray  2^  In  head ;  base  of  anal 
slightly  greater  than  head ;  pectoral  reaching  about  to  Hevcnth  anal  ray, 
2f  in  body;  the  upper  dutached  ])ector3l  ray  the  longest,  1^^  in  head,  mid- 
dle detached  ray  1^  in  upper,  lower  1^  in  middle;  ventrals  reaching 
origin  of  anal,  li  in  head.  Color  (in  spirits) :  back  and  upper  half  of 
sides  reddish  brown;  lower  portion  of  sides  golden  silvery;  belly,  anal, 
base  of  pectorals,  and  base  of  ventrals  white ;  head  light  chocolate  brown ; 
dorsals,  caudal,  ventrals,  and  detached  rays  of  pectoral  translucent,  the 
membrane  of  pectorals  satin-like  and  very  dark  brown,  the  rays  white; 
6  or  7  conspicuous,  small  white  spots  on  the  inside  of  pectoral  on  its  lower 
half.  Type  13  inches  long,  in  the  museum  at  Hamburg,  aid  to  hav(  'lecn 
sent  from  Barbados.  This  specimen  agrees  perfectly  wi..  -  descriptions  of 
Chelidonichthys  kumu  (Lesson  &  Garnot)  from  New  Zealand.  It  prol»ably 
came  from  the  South  Seas,  not  from  Barbados,  and  should  not  be  admit- 
ted in  this  work.  Chelidonichthys  apinosus  McClelland,  of  which  we  have 
specimens  from  Japan,  although  closely  related,  is  a  different  species. 
The  following  is  the  substance  of  Dr.  Kuup's  account : 

Pectoral  reaching  seventh  or  eighth  anal  ray;  dorsal  spines  smooth, 
reddish  brown  above,  yellow  on  sides ;  belly  white ;  pectoral  colqred  on 
the  inner  side  as  in  Trigla  peronii  and  in  Trigla  kumu  ("a  large  black 
blotch  and  white  spots  in  variable  number").  First  dorsal  uniformly 
colored ;  4  black  spots  along  median  line  of  back,  and  2  spots  on  side,  par- 
allel with  the  first  2  dorsal  spots ;  a  black  spot  before  the  first  dorsal  spine ; 
a  similar  spot  below  tho  hinder  half  of  the  eye.  One  specimen  a  foot  long 
in  the  Hamburg  Museum  from  Barbados.  (Kaup.) 
The  subgenus  Chelidonichthys  to  which  it  is  referred  is  thus  described : 
Preorbital  plate  of  the  steeply  truncate  snout  somewhat  prominent, 
with  blunt  teeth;  spines  of  preopercle  and  opercle  short;  first  dorsal 
with  slender  spines,  the  anterior  entirely  smooth  or  somewhat  rough; 
first  dorsal  with  9  or  10;  second  with  1  spine  and  16  soft  rays;  anal  with 
15  or  16  soft  rays ;  scales  very  small ;  lateral  line  somewhat  prominent, 
without  spines.  The  species  reach  a  length  of  8  inches  to  afoot  or  more. 
(pictus,  painted;  pinna  fin.) 

Trigla  pictipinnit,  Kauf,  Archiv  fur  I^atorgeachichte  1873,  87,  Barbados  7    (Coll.  Ehr- 
liardt.     Type.Mus.  Hamburg.) 


795.  TRIGLA  (Artedi)  Linn^us. 

(Mailed  Gurnards.) 

Trigla  (Abtedi)  Lnra^us,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  x,  300, 1758  (eiiculut).    . 

This  genuB  differs  from  Chelidonichthys,  with  which  it  agrees  in  the  ab- 
sence of  palatine  teeth,  in  having  the  sides  of  the  body  armed  with  trans- 
verse bony  plates,  crossing  the  lateral  line.    Species  numerous;  very 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2177 


ahnodant  in  the  Mcditftrranean.  {rpiyXa,  Trigla,  cliisBioal  name  of 
Afullua  barbatus,  still  used  by  the  tishormen  of  the  Adriatic,  transferred  to 
this  grou:^  by  Artodi  for  no  evident  reason.) 

8604.  TRIGLA  €VOULVI«,  LinntDiis. 

(Red  Gurnard.) 

Head  3^;  depth  5j^.  D.  IX-17;  A.  16;  plates  along  lateral  line  65;  eye 
5i  in  head;  second  dorsal  spine  1^;  pectoral  l^j^;  anal  1^;  caudal  1^. 
Body  not  anywhere  compressed;  head  everywhere  covered  with  rough, 
bony  plates;  month  moderate,  with  bands  of  villiform  teeth  on  jaws  and 
vomer;  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  to  front  of  eye;  snout  trunoate,  with 
2  or  3  Hpiues  on  each  side ;  eyes  placed  high ;  a  couple  of  spines  on  supra- 
orbital riui  above  anterior  edge  of  eye;  intcrorbitul deeply  concave;  post- 
temporal,  with  its  upper  surface  rugose,  eniling  us  a  spine  behind ;  a  couple 
of  spines  on  opercle  in  front  of  the  flap ;  a  spine  on  clavicle  just  above 
pectoral  fin ;  a  series  of  long,  narrow  plates  .along  lateral  line ;  back  and 
sides  covered  with  small  scales,  belly  naked ;  a  ridge  of  about  26  spines 
extending  along  base  of  dorsals,  ending  at  posterior  end  of  soft  dorsal ; 
spinous  dorsal  triangular  in  outline,  the  second  spine  the  longest,  spines 
rapidly  decreasing  in  length  behind  it,  second  spine  reaching  to  soft 
dorsal  when  depressed;  pectoral  long  and  narrow,  reaching  to  front  of 
anal ;  ventrals  inserted  a  distance  of  i  eye  behind  lower  end  of  base  of 
pectoral,  reaching  nearly  to  tip  of  pectorals;  caudal  long  and  emarginate. 
Color  rose-red  on  back,  white  below ;  inner  face  of  pectoral  blackish,  the 
outer  face  slightly  dusky;  other  fins  dusky.  Southern  Europe;  said  by 
Cuvier  to  have  been  once  brought  from  New  York  by  Milbert;  a  very 
doubtful  record.  No  recent  collector  has  found  any  species  of  Trigla  in 
American  waters.  The  specim-fn  here  described  is  from  the  Paris  market. 
(cuculua,  cuckoo.) 

Trigla  tola  rubens,  Artedi,  Genera  Fiscium,  45, 1738. 

Tritila  cuculu**  LuiSJEua,  Syst.  Kat.,  Ed.  x,  301,  1758,  Mediterranean,  open  sea ;  after 
Artkdi. 

Trigla  pint.  Block,  Ichthyol.,  pi.  355,  1793 ;  GOnther,  Cat.,  n,  199 ;  Covier  *  Valen- 
ciennes, Hist.  Nat.  PoisH.,  iv,  26 j  De  Kay,  New  York  Fauna:  Fidhes,  43,  pi,  70, 1842; 
Day,  Fisb.  Gt.  Brit.,  58, 1880. 

F-imily  CLXXXV.  PERISTEDIID^. 

(The  Deep-water  Gurnards.) 

Body  elongate,  fusiform,  covered  with  bony  plates,  each  of  which  is 
armed  with  a  strong  spine ;  head  bony ;  each  preorbital  produced  into  a 
long,  fl.at  process,  which  projects  more  or  less  beyond  the  month;  mouth 
small,  inferior,  like  that  of  a  sturgeon;  teeth  none;  lower  jaw  provided 
with  barbels;  gill  membranes  separate,  narrowly  joined  to  the  isthmus 


*  Polynemus  tridigitatut,  MiTCHn,L,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil.  Soc.,  I,  449, 1815,  New  York  (no 
description),  referred  by  Dr.  GUnther  to  the  aynonymy  of  Trigla  euculus,  is  apparently 
baaed  on  a  recollection  of  some  species  of  rrionotut.    It  is  certainly  not  a  Trigla. 


2178         Bulletin  <j.y,  United  States  National  Museum. 


anteriorly;  gill  rakoi'Holeiider.  DnrHal  <iii  coiitiniioiiHor  divideil.  Pcctn- 
rul  fin  short,  with  th«  2  lowermost  rays  detached.  Ventrals  1, 5,  8oparat<<d 
by  a  broad,  flat  area.  Air  bladdt-r  Hiiuple.  Pyloric  cmca  about  10.  Color 
Ken«<!rally  r(;d.  Deep-sea  tiHhes;  2  or  8  genera  and  about  13  spt^cios  known, 
bearing  some  resemblance  to  young  sturgeons. 

a.  Uarbels  at  angle  of  month  in  largo  tiii'tii  of  fringOH ;  dorsal  tins  2.    Perihtedion,  706. 
aa.  Barbels  at  angle  of  mouth  minute,  simple  or  nearly  ho;  dorsal  tins  2. 

VULSICULUS,  797. 

796.  PERISTEDION,  Lact^pMe. 

Periitedion,  LACi^;pfeDE,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  ni,  368,  1802  {malannat=eataphraetum). 
Periatethris,  Eaui>,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  1850,  103  (eataphraetut)  \  amended  spelling. 

Barbels  large,  forming  large  fringed  tufts  at  angles  of  mouth  and  on 
lower  Jaw.  Dorsal  fins  2;  charaetors  otherwise  included  above,  (nepi, 
around;  6rTfOioy,  diminutive  of  drifQui,  breast,  the  breast  being  mailed.) 

a.  Body  rather  robust,  the  depth  4^  to  5  in  length  to  base  of  caudal ;  head  about  2|  in 
length ;  barbels  long. 
b.  Length  of  preorbital  extension  about  3^  in  snout;  color  uniform  crimson. 

MINIATUM,  2505. 

bb.  Length  of  preorbital  extension  2  in  snout;  color  red,  with  a  black  blotch  near 

tip  of  pectoral,  and  black  on  caudal.  lonoibpathuh,  2506. 

aa.  Bo<ly  slender,  the  depth  6  to  6}  in  length  to  base  of  caudal ;  hea<l  3  to  3} ;  barbels 

moderate;  fins  mottled  ov  blotched. 

0.  Body  very  slender;  preorbital  process  2^  in  snout;  color  yellowish;  a  pearly 

lateral  band ;  back  dotted ;  fins  mottled.  oracile,  2507. 

ee.  Body  much  depressed;  preorbital  ])roce88  S  in  snout;  color  red,  mottle<l  and 

blotched.  pi^tycephalum,  2508. 

2505.  PERISTEDION  MIMATUM,  Goode. 

Head2i;  depth b.  D.VII-18;  A.  17;  C.  16;  P.  10+2;  V.I, 5;  plates 27  to 
29.  Armature  of  body  essentially  as  in  Perisfedion  breviroatre;  *  spines  of  ab- 
dominal plates  very  weak  posteriorly :  length  of  preorbital  process  3^  in 
distance  from  its  extremity  to  front  of  orbit ;  interorbital  space  deeply 
concave;  protuberance  on  the  forehead  very  slight;  a  pair  of  spines  on 
upper  surface  of  snout  behind  base  of  preorbital  processes;  a  larger  pair 
on  preorbital  processes ;  ridge  of  preopercle  ending  \n  a  depressed,  short, 
sharp-pointed  spine;  about  10  small  tentacles  on  each  side  of  lower  jaw, 
those  near  the  symphysis  smallest.  Long  tentacles  at  angle  of  mouth 
ft-inged,  extending  to  bases  of  pectorals.  Length  12  inches.  Gulf  Stream, 
in  variotis  localities,  at  a  depth  of  about  150  fathoms.  (Goode.)  (miniatua, 
scarlet.) 

Perittediati  miniatum,  Goode,  Proc.  TT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1880,  340,  Gulf  Stream,  o»7  Rhode 
Island ;  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis, 733, 1883;  Goode  &Bean,  Oceanic  Ichthyology, 
470,  pi.  cxui,  figs.  385,  385A,  B,  1896. 

2506.  PERISTEDION  LONOISPATHUM,  Goode  &  Bean. 

D.  VIII-19;  A.  19.  Body  high  anteriorly,  its  greatest  height  4^  in  total 
length ;  length  of  head  without  prolongsitions  2|  in  total  length,  with  pro- 
longatioi;3  2.     Crown  of  head  flat,  separated  from  nuchal  plate  by  a  deep 


*  See  Giinther.  Cat.,  11, 218, 1860. 


Jordan  and  Ever mann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2170 


furrow,  which  in  conv«>x  forward.  Interorbital  space  deeply  ronoave,  the 
anpraorbital  margins  being  swollen,  its  width  uqualing  long  diameter  of 
orbit.  No  protuberunce  on  forehead,  which  is  much  depreMsed,  its  outline 
descending  abrnptly  and  rapidly  in  i^'ont  of  eyes;  a  ridge  but  no  spine 
beneath  eye  Length  of  snout,  including  the  prcorbital  extension,  more 
than  Hougth  of  head ;  preorbital  extension  c<|ualingi  length  of  snout;  the 
processes  tlat,  rounded  anteriorly,  and  covere<l  with  minute  granula- 
tions; they  diverge  couHiderably,  the  dintance  of  tho  tips  apart  being 
nearly  twice  that  at  their  bases;  a  ridge  arises  at  base  of  preorbital 
process  and  extends  to  angle  of  prooperculum,  and  its  width  at  tho 
angle  is  contained  twice  in  diameter  of  orbit;  a  narrow,  inconspicuous, 
and  interrupted  ridge  below;  a  ridge  on  operculum,  ending  in  a  sharp 
spine  at  the  angle,  its  length  e(|tnil  to  diameter  of  eye.  .laws  feeble,  tooth- 
less; lower  Jaw  with  2  long,  much  fringed  barbels  and  14  shorter  ones; 
length  of  the  long  barbels  twice  diameter  of  the  eyo;  maxillary  not 
reaching  vertical  through  anterior  margin  of  eye;  diameter  of  eye  4 
in  length  of  head  without  its  prolongations;  greatest  width  of  head 
over  preopercular  ridge,  3  in  total  length.  Dorsal  origin  directly  in  a  line 
with  upper  angle  of  gill  o))ening;  longest  spine  slightly  longer  than 
width  of  interorbital  Hpace;  anal  origin  under  that  of  second  dorsal; 
caudal  small,  slightly  emarginate,  length  of  its  middle  rays  1^  times  diam- 
eter of  eye;  ventrals  slightly  in  advance  of  pectorals,  and  extending  far- 
ther back,  reaching  slightly  beyond  vent  and  to  vertical  through  seventh 
row  of  scales ;  pectoral  short,  extending  to  vertical  from  fifth  scale  of  the 
lateral  line,  the  longest  detached  ray  to  the  sixth ;  29  rows  of  scales.  Color 
in  life  bright  roseate;  a  black  blotch  near  tip  of  pectoral;  dorsal  with 
narrow  dark  margin ;  tip  of  caudal  black.  The  elongation  of  the  preor- 
bital extension  is  noticeable  in  the  smallest  examples.  (Goode  «&.  liean.) 
West  Indies,  off  Cuba  and  Barbados,     (longus,  long;  apatha,  sheath.) 

Peri$Udiu7n  longitpatha,  GooDE  &  Bean,  Bull.  Mas.  Comp.  Zool.,  xii,  No.  5,  166,  1886,  off 
Santa  Cruz,  in  314  fathoms  (Coll.  Blake) ;  off  Barbados,  309  fathoms  (Coll.  Blake), 
and  at  other  stations  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  (Coll.  Albatrois) ;  600DB  &  Bban, 
Oceanic  Ichthyology,  472,  pi.  cxiv,  flg.  386, 1896. 

2507.  PEBISTEDIOX  CIBACILE,  Goode  &  Bean. 

B.  7  or  8.  D.  VIII-20;  A.  1, 18;  P.  11  -}-  2;  V.  I,  5.  Body  very  slender, 
its  greatest  height  nearly  j;  of  length.  Length  of  head  to  tip  of  tlie  pro- 
longed rostral  spine  48  mm. ;  without  the  prolongations  its  length  is  36 
mm.  or  twice  the  greatest  height  of  tlio  l)ody.  Interorbital  space  deeply 
concave;  interorbital  width  A  length  of  snout,  including  rostral  spine. 
Forehead  descending  gently  toward  snout,  the  supraorbital  crests  very 
little  elevated.  The  rostral  spine  on  e.ach  side  continued  backward  by  a 
slight  bony  ridge  ending  in  a  blunt  spine  at  the  angle  of  preoperculum. 
Opercular  spine  small,  the  length  of  operculum  witli  the  spine  being  about 
equal  to  length  of  eye.  Length  of  snout  with  preorbital  extension  a  little 
less  than  4  in  body;  length  of  spine  alone  nearly  equal  to  length  of 
mandible.  Jaws  feeble  and  toothless ;  length  of  maxillary  i  length  of 
head;  lengtL  of  mandible  i  length  of  snout  with  preorbital  extension; 


■ 


■i>-; 


2180         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

mandible  with  2  groups  of  barbels,  1  on  each  siile  of  its  lower  edge ;  lengtli 
of  longest  barbel  equaling  that  of  ey«;  barbels  snbdivided  iuto  several 
fringes,  the  number  of  barbels  on  each  side  of  the  mandilile  may  bo 
divided  up  into  8  or  9cluHters;  mandible  extending  to  vertical  through 
front  of  eye;  2ft  gill  rakers  on  first  arch,  the  longest  half  as  long  ns  eye. 
Longitndinal  diameter  of  eye  nearly  equal  to  width  of  interorbital  space; 
greatest  width  of  head  over  preorbital  ridge  i  length  of  snout  includ- 
ing the  preorbital  extension.  Spinous  dorsal  originating  directly  above 
end  of  the  opercular  flap ;  the  iirst  spine  slightly  the  longest,  Its  length 
equaling  length  of  snout  and  its  projecting  spine,  also  short  diameter  of 
eye;  longest  ray  of  second  dorsal  nearly  i  length  of  head;  least  height  of 
tail  i  length  of  eye.  Anal  origin  under  second  ray  of  soi't  dorsal,  the  iln 
extending  as  far  back  as  the  dorsal,  the  length  of  its  base  being  4  times  the 
width  of  interorbital  area,  the  rays  about  a»  long  as  those  of  second  dorsal ; 
length  of  middle  caudal  rays  f  length  of  eye,  the  fln  being  emarginate; 
ventral  base  under  pectoral  base,  the  fin  reaching  to  vent,  its  length 
twice  that  of  eye ;  pectoral  short,  reaching  to  below  eighth  scute  of  the 
lateral  line,  the  longeHt  detached  ray  reaching  to  below  the  ninth  scute 
of  the  lateral  line,  its  length  equaling  ^  length  of  head;  30  scutes  in  the 
lateral  line.  Color  (of  alcoholic  specimen)  very  light  yellow,  a  broad  pearly 
band  along  the  sides;  back  stippled  with  light  brownish;  pectorals  with 
dark  mottlings.  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Known  from  1  specimen,  5  inches  long. 
(Goode  &  Bean.)    (^radZts,  slender:) 

Pert«tedtonjiiractZ«,  GooDB  &BKAN,  Ocean  Ichthyology,  473,  pi.  oxiv,  fig.  387, 1806,  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  in  14a  fathoms,  98°  a8'  30"  N.,  85°  5a'  30"  W.,  at  Albatrou  Station  349. 


2508.  PERI8TEDI0X  PLATTCEPHALUM,  Goode  &  Bean. 

D.  yiII-17;  A.  17.  Body  much  depressed,  its  greatest  height  6^  in  body 
length,  6f  in  total.  Length  of  head  without  prolongations,  twice  the 
height  of  body,  3|  in  its  length,  with  prolongations  2\  in  body  length. 
Interorhital  space  deeply  concave,  the  supraorbital  margin  being  swollen, 
its  width  equal  to  the  long  diameter  of  the  eye.  No  protuberance  on  the 
forehead,  which  is  much  depresssd,  its  outline  descending  abruptly  and 
rapidly  in  front  of  the  eyes.  A  ridge  below  the  eye,  not  armed;  a  small 
vertical  spine  behind  each  nostril.  Stout  spines  iipon  the  operculum  and 
several  upon  the  vertex.  The  length  of  the  snout,  with  its  extensions,  is 
i  the  length  of  the  head,  its  processes  about  3  in  its  own  length.  The 
processes  are  flat,  triangular,  diverging  slightly,  the  distance  apart  of 
their  tips  2  to  2}  that  at  their  bases.  A  ridge  extending  backward  from 
base  of  each  process  along  the  lower  edge  of  the  preoperculnm,  ending 
behind  in  a  sharp,  flat  spine;  the  greatest  width  of  the  expanded  portion, 
on  the  preoperculnm,  only  ^  as  wide  as  the  eye;  beneath  this  another 
less  conspicuous  ridge  with  minutely  serrated  edge,  which  is  double  in 
front  and  single  behind,  the  2  portions  separated  by  a  slight  notch.  Jaws 
normal,  the  2  tentacles  much  fringed,  their  length  not  much  exceeding  the 
diameter  of  the  eye ;  between  them,  and  placed  about  equidistant  from 
each,  are 2  bunches  of  short  tentacles,  about  4  in  each.    Chin  with  numer- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2181 

■  '"1 "  I  "  '  ■  ■  ■      '  111  I  I  I  ■    I  I  ■     I         ■■ 

ouB  sbort  tentacloH,  some  of  tboiii  as  Ioiik  as  the  oyo,  arranged  for  the 
iiumt  part  in  buuchos  of  4.  Maxillary  not  roarhiiig  anterior  nuirgin  of 
orbit.  Diaiuettn-  of  eye  nearly  4  iu  greatest  leugtb  of  bead,  and  exactly 
\  of  total  length  of  stioiit.  Ureatest  width  of  bead,  over  the  ]>n>operrn- 
lar  ridges,  nearly  equal  to  its  own  length  without  tb«<  proceMseH.  Dorsal 
origin  over  the  u])per  angle  of  gill  opening;  longent  sidno  equal  to  that 
of  postorbital  portion  of  bead;  anul  origin  aliout  under  origin  of  socond 
dorsal,  a  trille  farther  back,  and  in  the  vertical  through  the  spare  between 
the  seventh  and  eighth  lateral  scutes;  the  tin  about  us  high  as  the  dorsal; 
caudal  Hmall,  slightly  emurginate,  with  tips  slightly  produced,  length  of 
middle  rays  equal  to  that  of  dorsal ;  ventral  origin  iu  advance  of  the  axil 
of  the  pectorals,  the  tin  (extending  slightly  beyond  vent,  but  not  quit'  to 
origin  of  uual,  its  length  about  twice  length  of  dorsal.  I'ectoral  rather 
long,  extending  to  ninth  scute  of  lateral  line  and  past  vertical  through 
origin  of  anal;  29  rows  of  scutes.  Color  red;  body  and  tins  mottled  aud 
blotched  with  darker.  Known  from  2  specimens  taken  off  Barbados,  West 
Indies.  Type  from  Blake  Station  LX,  iu  123  fathoms;  the  other  from 
288  fathoms.     (Goode  &  Bean.)     (TtAarvs,  broad;  Kc^aA^,  head.) 

I'erittedion  platyeephalum,  Goode  Sc  Bean,  Bull.  Miia.  Comp.  Zool.,  xii,  No.  6,  167,  1886, 
off  Barbados  in  123  fathoms  (Coll.  the  Blake) ;  Goode  &.  Bean,  Oceanic  Ichthyology, 
474,  pi.  oxiv,  flg.  388,  A,  B,  1896. 

797.  VULSICULUS,  Jordan  &  Evermann. 

VulHeulut,  Jordan  &  Evebhann,  Check-List  Fiahos,  489,  1896  (imberbe). 

This  genus  differs  from  Periatedion  chiefly  iu  the  reduction  of  the  barbels 
on  the  lower  jaw  and  the  angle  of  the  month.  These  are  minute  and  sim- 
ple, or  nearly  so,  and  scarcely  appreciable,     (viihus,  plucked;  hairless.) 


8509.  TVLSICVLUS  IMBERBIH  (Poey). 

Body  somewhat  slender,  its  greatest  height  4^  times  in  distance  between 
tip  of  snout  and  base  of  caudal.  Length  of  head  without  prolongations 
2i  in  total  length;  with  prolongations,  2.  Crown  of  bead  flat;  interor- 
bital  Hpace  concave,  with  a  depressed  groove  iu  its  middle,  branching  pos- 
teriorly along  the  base  of  the  supraorbital  crests,  its  width  somewhat 
greater  than  the  horizontal  diameter  of  orbit.  No  protuberances  ou  fore- 
head or  on  the  snout  above,  aud  no  ridges  or  spines  beneath  eye.  Length 
of  snout,  including  the  preorbital  extension,  equal  to  length  of  head; 
preorbital  extension  about  |  of  length  of  snout.  Preorbital  processes 
flat,  unarmed,  and  somewhat  divergent ;  a  ridge  arising  at  base  of  pre- 
orbital process  and  extending  to  angle  of  preoperculum,  where  it  termi- 
nates in  a  blunt  spine;  a  low  ridge  on  operculum,  ending  in  a  rather 
iuconspicuous  spine;  another  above  and  close  to  it,  pointing  upward. 
Length  of  opercular  ridge  of  spines  nearly  equal  to  horizontal  diameter 
of  eye.  Jaws  feeble  and  apparently  toothless;  barbels  on  lower  jaw  so 
inconspicuous  as  to  be  scarcely  visible;  maxillary  extending  almost  to 
vertical  through  anterior  margin  of  eye ;  diameter  of  eye  4  times  iu  length 


'^.V, 


2182         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Afuseum, 


(if  hoail  without  it«  ])roloiigiitlonH.  I)orH»I  oriKin  directly  In  litir  with 
ii|>|M<r  iiiigltf  of  gill  opttning;  tho  oiigin  of  iinal  iiQ(lt<r  that  of  Mnooiid  dor- 
Hal;  vetitralHHJightiy  in  udvnnco  of  puctoralH,  un<l  u<»t  ho  far  hat-k,  though 
their  tipH  rouuli  aoniewhat  b«yon<l  v«*nt;  pt'ctoraln  rather  long;  aliout  25 
rowH  of  HualeH.  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Tho  typo,  nhout  2  in<-hi>M  long,  Ih  in  tho 
MuHeuni  of  Coniporatlvo  Zoology  at  ('aml)ridge,  an<l  hati  lieon  oxaniinod 
iu  the  preparation  of  thiH  description,  but  tho  oxample  being  unii|u«) 
and  small,  we  have  not  ventiirrd  to  oxaiiiine  it  so  cloHoly  aH  would  bavo 
been  prarticable  with  moro  matorial.  It  Ih,  however,  apparoutly  a  w«01- 
niai'ked  species,  rom'Uibling  in  a  general  way  /'.  longiaiiathum.  It  wax 
obtained  by  Poey  from  tho  stomach  of  I'olymixla  nobilia,  takon  near  Cuba 
in  deep  water.  (Goode  A-  Mean).  Near  Culia,  in  deep  water,  from 
btoniacliH  of  I'objmiria  (('oil.  I'oey).  A  few  specimouH  in  bad  condition 
were  taken  by  Jordan  &,  Htoariis  from  stoniachH  of  OrouperH  and  Snappers 
on  the  Huappcr  HankH  otf  Pensacola.  In  theHe  HpeoioifUM,  which  seem 
to  represent  I'oey'H  imbcrbia,  the  dorsal  rays  are  about  V-IJ),  seutes  30; 
uaeh  side  of  body  with  i  rows  of  spinous  plates,  the  ventral  series  with 
hooked  spines,     (imberbia,  beardless.) 

I'erUtedivn  imberbe,  Vonv,  Mum.  Hist.  Nut.  Cuba,  ii,  307,  :i80,  1861,  Cuba;  Tokv,  Rop. 

Fisli.  Nnt.  Cuba,  ii,  ISH,  1866;  Jordan,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1884,  38;  (iooiiB  vV  Bkan, 

Oceanic  Iditliyology,  472,  1896. 
Petiatedion  miaronemut,  Poby,  Ann. Lye. Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,ix,  1870,321,  Cuba;  Hubstitnte 

namu  od  finding  the  exUtencn  of  barbels. 
PeriiUthua  mioroiumn,  OUnthbb,  Cliallouger  Koport,  Doop  Sea  Fislies,  xxu,  66, 1887. 

Family  CLXXXVI.  CEPHALACANTIIID.E. 

(Tub  Flyino  Gurnakiks.) 

Hody  elongate,  subquadranguhir,  tapering  behind;  head  very  blunt, 
quadrangular,  its  surface  almost  entirely  bony ;  nasals,  preorbitals,  sub- 
orbitals, and  bones  of  top  of  head  tinited  into  a  shield;  nuchal  part  of 
shield  on  each  side  produced  backward  in  a  bony  ridge,  ending  in  a  strong 
spine,  which  reaches  past  front  of  dorsal;  interocular  space  deeply  con- 
cave; preorbitals  forming  a  projecting  roof  above  the  Jaws;  preopercle 
produced  in  a  very  long  roui'h  spine;  cheeks  and  opercles  with  small 
scales;  opercle  smaller  than  eye;  gill  openings  narrow,  vertical,  separated 
by  a  very  broad,  scaly  isthmus ;  pseudobranchia>  large ;  gill  rakers  minute ; 
mouth  small,  lower  jaw  included;  jaws  with  granular  teeth;  uo  teeth  on 
vomer  or  palatines;  scales  b(my,  strongly  keeled;  2  serrated,  knife-lik«« 
appendages  at  base  of  tail ;  ^rat  dorsal  of  4  or  5  rather  high  flexible  spines, 
the  first  1  or  2  spines  nearly  free  from  the  others ;  an  immovable  siiine 
between  the  dorsals ;  anal  and  second  dorsal  siiort,  of  slender  rays ;  caudal 
small,  lunate;  pectoral  fins  divided  to  the  base  into  2  parts,  the  anterior 
portion  about  as  long  as  the  head,  of  about  6  rays,  clos(4y  connected ;  the 
posterior  and  larger  portion  more  than  twice  length  of  head,  reaching 
nearly  to  caudal  in  the  adult'  (DactylopUrua) ;  much  shorter  in  the 
young  (Cephalacanthua) ;  these  rays  very  slender,  simple,  wide  apart  at 
tip ;  ventral  rays  I,  4,  the  long  fins  pointed,  their  bases  close  together, 


Jordan  and  livcntuinn.    ~l'i$lti's  of  North  America.     -1H.'{ 


llio  iiiuvr  ruyii  HhortoHt ;  nir  l)la<l<ler  with  '1  Iitteml  piiitH,  nirli  witli  a  liirgtt 
iiiUHcli';  pylorir  ciiTii  iiiiiiii'roiiH;  vortfUiir  U -f  IH  2*-'.  Wiirin  h«>uh;  tlio 
udiilt  tiltlo  to  iiiitvn  ill  tlit<  nil'  lil<i-  tii«  tniu  llyiiig-linh,  iMit  i'or  Nhurti-r  dU- 
tuiK'ea,     Our  gonura  iiiitl  2  to  (  H|>uri»ii. 

798.  CEPHALACANTHUS,  LuoiM-di-. 
(Flying  <iiiiiNAi{i>.) 

Ofjihalacanthui,  Lai'^.I'KDK,  HtHt.  Nut.  I'iiIhm.,  hi,  :i2:i,  180*.!  ( «j>wia ret/a)  g  yiiiiiiK  oxunipltm 

of  tlll>  Kant  llltlillll  H|MM'it>M. 

Daetiilojiteriii,  l.krt.vkitv.,  lltst.  Nut.  I'ulita.,  iii,  82&,  1MU2  (piraptda     vulilani);  udults  of 

the  Aiiii'riran  hihm-Jch. 
(loniieeiihaluM,  (i uonow,  Cut.  I<'lsli.,  Kil.  (iray.  UHI,  I8.%4  {inaerueejihaluK:    rnlitanii). 

Cbaracturof  tlioKoiiuHiiicliult'ilubovo.  Two  H])uci<-Hli!iowii,  th*<  i'oliow- 
iiig  and  tbo  KiiHt  Indiuii,  Vephalaoanthmi  Hpitutrena,  {He*l>a\t'f,  head; 
itHayOix,  s|diio.) 

t!.'>IO.  4'KI>IIAI.\('ANTII|TN  VOMTANN  (IJnniiiiH).  , 

(FLYINd    KolllN;    ItATKIHII  i    VoLAUOU;   MCHCIKLAOO.) 

Ileadljt;  drpthni.  1).  II-I\  ,  «;  A.  6;  1*.  2H-f «.  First  2  dorBiil  apinog 
fn'o,  uliglitly  coniH-ctud  by  tnoiubruuo  at  base;  prt'opurciilar  Hpino  nnicb- 
lug  beyoiul  buue  of  purtorula,  not  to  end  oi  occipital  spiiu;;  poctorals 
reaching  nearly  to  base  of  raiidul  in  adult,  very  much  Hbortrr  in  young; 
in  the  young  th«^  spines  of  the  head  are  much  longer.  Greenish  olive  and 
brown  abovo,  of  varying  shudeH;  below  jtale,  marked  irregularly  with 
dusky  and  bright  brick  red,  varying  to  salmon  yellow ;  pectoral  tins 
mottled  with  bright-bhu)  streaks  near  the  Itase  and  blue  Hpots  and  bars 
toward  the  tip;  their  under  sides  glaucous  blue,  edged  with  darker; 
caudal  tin  with  about  3  brownish-red  bars;  coloration  extremely  variable. 
Length  12  inches.  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  both  coasts;  very  abundant  on 
South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts;  a  handsome  and  singular  lish.  (Ku.) 
(volitana,  flying.) 

Pirabebi,  Makcubavb,  Hist.  Braail.,  iv,  162, 1048,  Brazil. 

Milvtts  eirratui,  Sloane,  llint.  Jaiiiuicn,  n,  288,  Jamaica. 

Tngla  diijitis  vicenia palmatiii,  Artbdi,  Geuera,  44, 1738,  Mediterranean,  etc. 

Hirundo,  Catesby,  Nat.  Hist.  Carolina,  n,  tub.  8,  Bahamas. 

Trigla  volUaiiB,  LwNiEUs.Syst.  Nat,  lOd.x,  1,302, 1758 j  after  Akteui;  "Mari  Mediterraneo 

Oceanic,  Pelago  inter  tropicos,  in  Asia  ad  Cap.  b.  Spei.     Ssepe  agitata  evolans  ex 

aqua." 
Dactijlopterus  volitans,  Ccvier  St  Valbnciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  iv,  117, 1820;  GUntheu, 

Cat.  Fish'^s,  u,  22M8G0;  LUtken,  Spolia  Atluutiua,  417, 1880. 
Trigla  tentabunda,  Walbaum,  Artedi,  I'iscium,  ui,  362, 1792;  after  Oataphractus,  Klein, 

Missus,  which  is  after  Catesby,  Fishes  of  Caroliua,  iv,  44,  tnf.  14,  f.  1. 
Tiigla/asciata,  ISloch  &  Schneider,  Syst.  Iclitlt.,  16,  tab.  3,  f.  1,1801 ;  after  CoryaHon,KhEiii, 

Missus,  n',  45,  taf.  14,  f.  2,  locality  not  stated. 
Dactylopterut  pirapeda,  Lac£f£:de,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  in,  326,  1802,  Mediterranean  and 

almost  all  warm  seas. 
Po^nemut  sexradiatn»,  Mitchell,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil.  Soc.,  i,  1815,  pi.  4,  f.  10,  New  York. 
Callionymut  pelagicut,  BafinesijUE,  Anier.  Monthly  Mag.,  Jan.,  1818, 205,  Atlantic  Ocean. 
Dactylo])terus  cominunig,  Owen,  Osteol.  Cat.,  i,  56, 1851. 
Oonocephalus  macroeephaltis,  Gkonow,  Cat.  Fisli.,  Ed.  Gray,  106, 1854,  pelagic. 

*  The  osteological  characters  of  this  family  are  given  (after  Gill)  on  page  2147. 

END  OF  I'ART   II. 


